collection of the best authors in Physic, Philology, Antiquities,
&c., together with many ancient manuscripts, all of which were sold
by Auction in March, 1711, at the Black Boy Coffee House in Ave Maria
Lane. Swift in his Journal to Stella, March 19th, says,
I went to-day to see poor Charles Bernard’s books, and I itch to lay
out nine or ten pounds for some fine Editions of fine authors * * *
I walked to-day into the City, and went to see the auction of poor
Charles Bernard’s books. They were in the middle of Physic books, so
I bought none, and they are so dear I believe I shall buy none.
A catalogue of these books is in the Sloane collection (1770).
In Nichols’ Literary Anecdotes is a story of Mr. Edward Thwaites, M.A.,
Fellow of Queen’s College, Oxford, which characteristically introduces
Mr. Bernard.
Mr. Bernard’s daughter Elizabeth was married to Ambrose Dickins,
Esquire (who was Master in 1629 and Serjeant-Surgeon).
By his Will, dated 7th November, 1707, he bequeathed to his wife Susan,
£500 and his houses in Broad Street, Pissing Alley and Milk Street.
To his daughter Susan £1,000, and other bequests to his daughters
Elizabeth and Mary, his son Charles and his sister Jane. He desires to
be buried privately and late at night, makes his children residuary
legatees and appoints his brother, Dr. William Bernard and his kinsman,
Thomas Sisson, executors. By a codicil 3rd October, 1710, he revokes
the appointment of executors and makes his son, Henry Bernard, and
Charles Bernard (Clerk of the Barber-Surgeons) his executors with £100
each.
Arms. Ar. on a bend az. three escallop shells of the field.
SIR JOHN BULL.
[Illustration: Coat of Arms]
Sir JOHN BULL was the son of Richard Bull, of Stonall, Staffordshire,
and was admitted to our freedom 6th April, 1714. He was susequently
translated to the Clothworkers’ Company, and nominated Sheriff of
London, 22nd April, 1718, which office he served during the Mayoralty
of Sir John Ward.
Arms. Or. three bull’s heads gu.
CLAUDIUS AMYAND, F.R.S., SERJEANT-SURGEON.
[Illustration: Coat of Arms]
CLAUDIUS AMYAND was the second son of Isaac Amyand, of Mornac,
Xaintonge, a Hugenot refugee who was naturalized in London 10th
October, 1688, and was living there in 1699. Claudius Amyand’s birth
is not recorded. He was elected a Director of the French Protestant
Hospital (La Providence) 2nd January, 1723. He was also a Fellow of
the Royal Society and Serjeant-Surgeon to George II. On 7th May, 1728,
he was admitted to the freedom of the Barber-Surgeons, examined and
approved touching his skill in surgery, admitted to fine for all
offices to the Parlour door, and elected on to the Court of Assistants.
It was ordered on the same day “in regard to the dignity of their
offices” that Mr. Serjeant Dickins and Mr. Serjeant Amyand should
hereafter take precedence next after the Governors for the time being.
Mr. Amyand served as Warden in 1729 and 1730 and was Master of the
Company in 1731. He was Surgeon to St. George’s Hospital 1733-1738.
By his wife, Mary Rabache, he had three sons and six daughters. The
eldest son Claudius was Under-Secretary of State in 1750 and an M.P.;
he married Frances widow of George, 6th Earl of Northampton. The second
son George who was also an M.P. and a Director of the East India
Company was on the 4th August, 1764, created a baronet. The third
son Thomas was in holy orders. The eldest daughter Anne married John
Porter, M.P., Alderman and Sheriff of London; another daughter, Mary
Catherine married Sir Richard Adams, Recorder of London and a Baron of
the Exchequer; and the youngest daughter Judith, was married to the
Rev. Thos. Ashton, D.D., Rector of St. Botolph, Bishopsgate.
Sir George Amyand (son of Claudius) was succeeded by his eldest son,
Sir George Cornewall, Bart., M.P., who on his marriage with Catherine
daughter and heiress of Velters Cornewall, M.P., assumed the name and
arms of Cornewall and was the ancestor of the present baronet of that
name. Sir George Amyand’s second son John Amyand, M.P., died in 1780
unmarried; his daughter Anna Maria married Gilbert, Earl of Minto, and
another daughter, Harriet Mary, married James, Earl of Malmesbury.
Serjeant-Surgeon Amyand died at his house in Castle Street, St.
Martin’s-in-the-Fields, 6th July, 1740, having met with an accident in
Greenwich Park on the day previously, and his Will was proved a few
days afterwards. He bequeathed to each of his children £1,000, he left
£300 for apprenticing poor boys, and his lands in Hampshire and at
Sidlesham, Sussex, and the residue to his wife Mary.
Arms. Vert a chev. betw. three garbs or.
SIR THOMAS CHALLONER.
[Illustration: Coat of Arms]
Sir _Thomas_ was the son of Thomas Challoner, of Woodbridge, Suffolk.
On 4th July, 1699, he was apprenticed to January Farmer (who was a
Barber by trade), and was admitted to the freedom 4th March, 1707.
He left the trade of a Barber and became a Wholesale Grocer and
Merchant in Leadenhall Street, where he traded in partnership with
Mr. Lethieullier. On the 2nd December, 1760, he was elected Alderman
of the Ward of Aldgate, served the office of Sheriff in 1762 (when
the celebrated William Beckford was Lord Mayor), and was knighted 4th
October in the same year. In 1761, he was Master of the Barbers and
living at Walthamstow, where dying 8th May, 1766, he was buried there.
By his Will dated 5th March, 1766, he gave his sister Rachel Challoner
£20 per annum for life. To Mr. William Lethieullier and Rachel his
wife £100 each, and to their daughters Rachael and Margaret £50 each.
Residue to his wife Mary Challoner.
Arms. Ar. on a fesse betw. three fleur de lys gu. another fleur de lys
or.
WILLIAM CHESELDEN, F.R.S.
[Illustration: Coat of Arms]
THIS eminent Surgeon was the son of George Cheselden, and born 19th
October, 1688, at Somerby, near Burrow-on-the-Hill, Leicestershire.
He was at an early age studying anatomy with William Cowper, the
celebrated anatomist, but appears to have left him when fifteen years
old, for on the 7th December, 1703, he was bound apprentice for seven
years to James Ferne, the Surgeon to St. Thomas’ Hospital, under
which distinguished man he made rapid advance in his profession. On
5th December, 1710, he was admitted to the freedom and livery of
the Barber-Surgeons, on the 29th January following he had a full
certificate to practise as a Surgeon, and he then (being but twenty-two
years of age) began his lectures on anatomy, and the following year was
elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.
By a minute in our books of 25th March, 1714, it seems that Mr.
Cheselden had often procured the bodies of malefactors and privately
dissected them at his own house, and that at times when lectures and
dissections were proceeding at the Hall, whereby the attendance at the
Hall was diminished, and moreover contrary to the express laws of the
Company; whereupon he was summoned before the Court and reproved, when
he promised not to offend again in like manner. A less influential man
would probably have been fined.
In 1719 he was elected Surgeon to St. Thomas’ Hospital, where he highly
distinguished himself in his operations for the stone. He was also
consulting Surgeon to St. George’s and the Westminster Infirmary. In
1727 he was appointed principal Surgeon to Queen Caroline, and ten
years later was chosen Head Surgeon to Chelsea Hospital, which post he
held till his death. He married Miss Deborah Knight of London, by whom
he had an only daughter. His practice was both extensive and lucrative,
and his works on Surgery are numerous, besides which he was a frequent
contributor to the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Mr.
Cheselden died at Bath on the 10th April, 1752.
Dr. J. F. Payne says that he will always be regarded as, beyond
dispute, one of the greatest of British surgeons, being one of the most
brilliant operators whose achievements are upon record; he was a keen
patron of athletic sports, especially boxing; his disposition was gay
and genial, he was fond of society, and evidently popular, while to his
patients he was always kind and tender-hearted.
On the separation of the Surgeons from the Barbers in 1745, Mr.
Cheselden was named in the Act of Parliament one of the Wardens of
the new Company of Surgeons, he having been Junior Warden of the
Barber-Surgeons that year. His will is a remarkable specimen of brevity
and absence of formality:--
Being in perfect health I write this with my own hand and declare
it to be my last Will and Testament. I give to my daughter W. J.
Cotes five hundred pounds and all the rest and residue of my estate
of what kind soever to my wife and make her full and sole Executrix
administratrix and assign Witness my hand and seal. Will{m} Cheselden
(L.S.) 24th March 1749/50.
Arms. Quarterly 1 and 4 Ar a chev. betw. three crosses moline gu.
(Cheselden). 2. Ar. on a fesse indented sa. three bezants (Brough). 3.
Or. an eagle displayed az. beaked and feet gu. (Mongomery).
AMBROSE DICKINS, SERJEANT-SURGEON.
[Illustration: Coat of Arms]
AMBROSE DICKINS (sometimes spelt Dickens) was the son of George Dickins
of Riplington, in East Meon, Hampshire, gentleman, and was probably
born about 1687. On the 17th February, 1702, he was apprenticed to
Serjeant-Surgeon Charles Bernard for seven years, and on the 16th
February, 1709, he was admitted to the Freedom and Livery of the
Barber-Surgeons, when he was residing in James Street, Covent Garden.
He married (before the 24th March, 1709) Elizabeth, daughter of Charles
Bernard. On December 20th, 1721, he was elected Surgeon to Westminster
Hospital. His old master, Charles Bernard, died in October, 1710, and
it seems that Dickins succeeded him when quite a young man in the
important office of Serjeant-Surgeon. In 1728 he was Warden of the
Barber-Surgeons, and in 1729 Master of the Company. He was Surgeon
to St. George’s Hospital 1733-38. On the separation of the Surgeons
from the Barbers in 1745, Mr. Dickins became an Assistant of the
Surgeons’ Company and an Examiner of Surgeons. He probably died in
1747, as on 7th September in that year Mr. Cæsar Hawkins was appointed
Serjeant-Surgeon in his place.
Dr. John Douglas, Bishop of Salisbury, in “The Criterion,” introduces
Mr. Dickins’ name in an interesting paragraph. Dr. Douglas was a firm
believer in the efficacy of the Royal touch for the King’s evil, and
he gives some curious particulars of Mr. Dickins’ experience in this
matter which are well worth referring to.
Arms. Ermine on a cross fleury sa. a leopard’s face or.
SIR CÆSAR HAWKINS, BART., SERJEANT-SURGEON.
[Illustration: Coat of Arms]
THIS eminent Surgeon (the son of Mr. Cæsar Hawkins, a Surgeon at
Ludlow, Shropshire) was born 10th January, 1711, and by his great
ability, at a very early age secured a large and lucrative practice;
he was the inventor of the cutting gorget, and a remarkably dexterous
operator.
1st July, 1735. M{r} Cæsar Hawkins Surgeon in Bloomsbury who had
lived several years with his father a Surgeon in the Country and
afterwards with M{r} Ranby a Foreign Brother of the Company seven
years, but not bound an Apprentice at the Hall, was in consideration
thereof, admitted into the freedom of the Company for six pounds six
shillings which he paid down and was sworne. At the same time the
said M{r} Cæsar Hawkins was examined touching his skill in Surgery
his answers were approved of and he was ordered the Diploma under the
hands of the Governors and the seal of the Company testifying his
skill and impowering him to practice.
19th August, 1736. Mr. Hawkins was admitted to the Livery, and the same
day was chosen a Demonstrator of Anatomy, being then but twenty-five
years of age.
18th August, 1737. M{r} Cæsar Hawkins one of the Demonstrators of
Anatomy attended at this Court and surrendered the said office and
after returning this Court his thanks for the honor they had done
him to choose him one of their Demonstrators acquainted them that he
being appointed Surgeon to his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales,
and also Surgeon to one of the troops of Guards, could not perform
the office of a Demonstrator and therefore the Court accepted of such
surrender.
Mr. Hawkins, in addition to his other appointments, was Surgeon to
St. George’s Hospital, 1735-1774, and Serjeant-Surgeon to George III,
to which latter office he was appointed 7th September, 1747. By his
practice as a phlebotomist alone he is said to have made £1,000 a
year, it then being the custom for people to be bled at the spring and
fall of the year.
His family have been Surgeons for some generations, and have held
distinguished office, his brother Pennell Hawkins, his son Charles,
and his grandson Cæsar Henry, having all been Serjeant-Surgeons. On
the 25th July, 1778, Mr. Hawkins was created a Baronet; he died 13th
February, 1786. A portrait of him, by Hogarth, is in the Hall of the
Royal College of Surgeons.
Arms. Ar. on a saltire engrailed sa. five fleur de lys or.
WALTER HENRY WILKIN, ALDERMAN.
[Illustration: Coat of Arms]
WALTER HENRY WILKIN, Esquire, who was born 1st April, 1842, is the son
of the late Mr. David Wilkin, of the firm of Wilkin and Pugh. He was
admitted to the freedom and livery of the Company 5th January, 1864.
Mr. Wilkin commenced his career as articled clerk to a well-known
firm of underwriters at Lloyds, but subsequently entered himself at
the Middle Temple, where he read with Mr. Crump, Q.C., and passing
his examination and obtaining the Certificate of the Council of Legal
Education, he was called to the Bar; but in consequence of the deaths
of his father and brother, he retired from the profession of the law to
take upon himself the conduct of their business in the City. In 1878
Mr. Wilkin was chosen an Assistant of this Company, and in 1885 served
the office of Master. For twelve years he sat as one of the Common
Council for the Ward of Lime Street. On the death of Sir Robert Walter
Carden, Mr. Alderman Cotton was transferred from Lime Street to Bridge
Without, and the vacancy thus occasioned in the Court of Aldermen, was
filled up by the appointment of Mr. Wilkin in February, 1888. He is a
member of the Court of Assistants of the Broderers’ Company, and has
filled the office of G.S. and Master in Grand Master’s Lodge No. 1.
For twenty-six years Mr. Wilkin was a Volunteer, rising to the rank of
Lieut.-Colonel in the 3rd Middlesex Artillery, but has now resigned his
commission.
SUNDRY MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS.
1469. Robert Dallahouse (Daluss), Master 1462, died 1469, was buried at
St. Martin’s in the Vintry with the following inscription on his tomb:--
As flowers in feeld thus passeth lif,
Nakyd, then clothyd, feble in the end,
It sheweth by Robart Daluss and Alyson his wyf
Christ yem save fro the power of the Fiend.
obiit 1469.
1510. John Den, buried at St. Margaret’s, Westminster.
Here lyes undyr this ston
John Den Barbor Surgeon
And Agnes his wyf, who to heuyn went
MCCCCC and X that is verament
For who soul, of your charite
Sey a Pater Noster and an Ave Marie.
1580. William Green, Master 1564, died 1580, was buried in the church
of Allhallows the Less.
Before this time that here yee have seene,
Lyeth buried the body of William Greene,
Barbor & Surgeon & late Master of that Company
And Clark of this Church yeeres fiftie;
Which William decesyd the truth for to say
The month of December the fourth day.
The yere of our Lord God as by books doth appere
On thowsand fyve hundryd and eighty yere.
1598. Thomas Bankes, Master 1596, died 1598, was buried in the church
of St. Michael le Querne.
Thomas Bankes, Barber Chirurgeon, Deputie of this Ward, who had
to wife Joan Laurence, by whom he had issue seven sonnes and ten
daughters.
1610. William Gale (Master 1595, 1610) was buried in the church at
Monken Hadley, where there is a brass with the following inscription:--
Blessed are they y{t} concydereth y{e} poore & needie.
Here lyeth the bodye of William Gale Citizen & Barber Chyrurgion of
London who dyed the XIX daye of November 1610. Then being y{e} second
tyme Master of his Company, he had 2 wives, Elizabeth & Suzan & had
issue by Elizabeth V soñes and 8 daughters and was LX and X yeares of
age or thereabout at y{e} time of his death.
1655-6. John Gale (son of William Gale, Master 1595), Surgeon of
Bushey, gave the Company £16 per annum for an Anatomy Lecture, died
1655-6 and was buried in Bushey Church.
Here in hope of a happy resurrection through Christ, lies the body of
John Gale, Esq. who was father to Mary Gale, by his second wife Jane,
and sister to M{rs} Elizabeth Terry, both which are here interred
next unto him; he lived to the age of 70 years, and peaceably
departed this life Jan 5{th} 1655.
1668. Charles Stamford, Master 1659, died 1668 and was buried at St.
Katherine’s near the Tower.
Here lyeth interred the body of Charles Stamford, Chirurgeon, who
departed this Life June 24{th} 1668; also Elizabeth his Wife, and
sixteen children.
Mille modis morimur mortales, nascimur uno:
Sunt hominum, morbi mille, sed una salus.
* * * * *
~Weep not for them, since they have gone before
To heaven, where Barbers there are many more.~
[Illustration]
APPENDICES.
APPENDIX A. (_See page 28._)
NORWICHE.
And a bretherhode ther is ordened of barbres, in the site of
Norwyche, in the worschep of god and ys moder, and seynt Johan the
Babtis, that alle bretherin and sisterin of the same gylde, als longe
as xij. persones of them lyuen, they schulen offeryn a candel and
to torches of wax, and this light they hoten and a-vowed to kepyn
and myntenyn, and thes other ordenances that ben vnder wreton, vp-on
here power and diligence, in worschepe of crist and ys moder and seyn
Johan Babtis, and the to torches schul bien of xl. lib. weyght, and
alle the bretherin and sisterin schullen offeryn this candel and the
to torches euerie ʒer a misomere day, and they herin here messe at
the heye auter atte Charunel in cristis cherge, and eueri brother and
sistir offeryn an ob. wyth here candel and here to torches, in honor
of god and oure lady and seynt Johan the Babtis.
And the to torches, eueri day in the ʒer, scullen ben light and
brennynge at the heye messe at selue auter, from the leuacion of
cristis body sacrid, in til that the priest haue vsud.
This bien the names of the men that ben maystris and kepers of the
gyld.
PHILIPPUS BARBUR } And this men han in
JACOBUS BARBIR } kepynge for the same
THOMAS BARBYR at prechors } light, ij{s} in here box.
(MODERN ENGLISH OF THE PRECEDING.)
NORWICH.
And a brotherhood there is ordained of Barbers, in the city of
Norwich, in the worship of God and His Mother, and Saint John the
Baptist; that all brothers and sisters of the same guild, as long
as twelve persons of them live, they shall offer a candle and two
torches of wax; and this light they promise and avow to keep and
maintain, and these ordinances that be under-written, upon their
power and diligence, in worship of Christ and His Mother and Saint
John Baptist; and the two torches shall be of forty pounds weight;
and all the brothers and sisters shall offer this candle and the two
torches every year at Midsummer day, and they hearing their mass at
the high altar at Charunel in Christ’s church, and every brother and
sister offering a halfpenny with their candel and their two torches,
in honor of God and our Lady and Saint John the Baptist.
And the two torches, every day in the year, shall be alight and
burning at the high mass at the same altar, from the elevation of
Christ’s body sacred, until that the priest have used.
These be the names of the men that be Masters and Keepers of the
guild.
PHILIP BARBUR } And these men have in
JAMES BARBIR } keeping for the same
THOMAS BARBYR “at prechors” } light, two shillings in their box.
GILDA IN CIUITATE LINCOLN.
CERTIFICACIO ordinac͠ois & incepc͠ois fratˀintatis TONSOꝜ LINCOLN’
virtute pˀ clamac͠ois inde fc̃e sequit{a} in vˀba HEC est queᵭa
fratˀintas fcã & inchoata ex coĩ assensu omĩ tonsoꝜ Ciuitatis Lincoɫn
in honore dnĩ nrĩ Jhũ xpĩ & bẽ marie & pˀcipue ad honorẽ scĩ Johis̃
Eũngeliste in Natalli dnĩ renouata vˀo in festo eiusdem anno dnĩ
mil̃l̃imo CCC{mo} sexagesimo nono.
PRIMA ordinacio est qᵭ heᵬunt & custentabunt vnũ cerẽn quadrat̃n
ardentem omiᵬz dieᵬz festinis pˀ annuˀ cuˀ tempus finˀt ad altare scĩ
Joh̃is Eungẽs in monastio bẽ marˀ Lincoɫn. Et quiɫt fratˀ & soror dcẽ
fratˀintatis ibunt in pˀcessione cñ dcã candela & quiɫt frˀ & soroꝜ
offeretꝭ ad ymaginem scĩ Saluatoris oᵬ. sub pena vnius librˀ cere.
Scᵭa ordinacio est qᵭ * * * * * *
Decima ordinacio est qˀd * * * * *
Et ad confirmandꝭ plenius omẽs ordinac͠oes sup{a} dicas sigillnˀ
decanatus xˀpianitatis Lincolnˀ pˀsentibʒ est appensuˀ in finem &
testimoniuˀ pˀmissoꝜ DAT Lincoln die & anno sup{a} dcĩs.
IN TRĨS & teñ ad gildam pˀdcam mortificatꝭ vel non mortificatꝭ
nichil hẽnt nec cãt aliqua in manibʒ ipoꝜ fratrnˀ & soroꝜ ad usum
dc̃e gilde existunt nisi ex largĩoe eoꝜᵭe ad pˀdcãs deuoc͠oes
sustinendꝭ & comunia iñt se non fac nisi tm̃ pˀ dilec͠oe int̃ eos
nutriendꝭ.
(TRANSLATION.)
GUILD IN THE CITY OF LINCOLN.
THE CERTIFICATE of the ordinances and beginning of the Fraternity
of Barbers of Lincoln, by virtue of the proclamation in that behalf
made, follows in these words;--
THIS is a certain fraternity made and begun by the common assent of
all the Barbers of the City of Lincoln, in honour of our Lord Jesus
Christ and the Blessed Mary and observed in honour of Saint John the
Evangelist, renewed in the feast of the Nativity of our Lord, A.D.
1369.
THE FIRST ordinance is, that they have and keep one “quadrate” of wax
burning on all feast days throughout the year, and on other special
occasions before the altar of Saint John the Evangelist in the
Monastery of the Blessed Mary at Lincoln. And all the brothers and
sisters of the said fraternity go in procession with the said candle,
and all the brothers and sisters offer at the Image of Saint Saviour
a halfpenny, under a penalty of one pound of wax.
THE SECOND ordinance is, that if any brother or sister of this
fraternity shall die in the City, the Dean of this guild shall bear
in order four “soule candels,” which shall burn about the corpse
at the Dirige and remain until the Mass. And all the brothers and
sisters, for the soul of the departed, pay a halfpenny to the poor,
according to the directions of the Graceman and Wardens, wherever the
greater necessity shall be.
THE THIRD ordinance is, that if any brother or sister shall die so
poor, that he has not whence to be buried as he ought to be, the
Graceman and Wardens, of the halfpennies collected, together with any
portion of his chattels they find, shall make a general mourning, and
do other necessaries that he be honorably buried.
THE FOURTH ordinance is, that if any brother or sister of this
fraternity shall desire to go into the country (_i.e._, reside out of
the City), he shall give to the sustentation of the aforesaid candle
at his going 2_s._, twopence to the tankards (_ad ciphos_), 1_d._ to
the Dean of the guild, and afterwards 6_d._ annually, which he shall
pay in three “mornspeeches”[355] in equal portions throughout the
year.
[355] General assemblies of the guild.
THE FIFTH ordinance is, that if any brother or sister of this guild
fall into poverty or sickness, so that he cannot work and prays the
charity of this house, each brother and sister of this guild shall
give to him 6_d._ per annum in the three mornspeeches aforesaid, by
like equal portions.
THE SIXTH ordinance is, that if any brother of this guild shall
receive any apprentice to teach him his art, the same master shall
pay for the said apprentice, to the sustentation of the said candle
two shillings, and this at the first mornspeech after he shall have
taken the said apprentice.
THE SEVENTH ordinance is, that if any brother or sister of this
guild do rebellious works or speeches, and is not willing to be
silent but finds fault with the ruling of the Graceman of the guild,
he shall give towards the burning of the said candle, one pound of
wax, . . . .[356] and that without any remission; and whatsoever
master or servant within this fraternity or out of it, shall be
a thief to the extent of one penny, and of that matter shall be
convicted, it is agreed by common consent that he shall abjure
occupying his art within the City for ever.
[356] There are two words here which I could not decipher.