[582] Lib. x. cap. 12, p. 347. Compare lib. ix. cap. 9. p. 321.
[583] In that book entitled Πνευματικὰ, or Spiritualia. It may be
found Greek and Latin in Veterum Mathematicorum Opera, Parisiis 1693,
fol. p. 180.
[584] Epist. 42, lib. x.
[585] Lib. v. edit. Almel. p. 360.
[586] Plin. lib. v. cap. ult.
[587] Poliorcetica, p. 32, in Veterum Mathematicorum Opera.
[588] Orig. xx. 6. Fire-engines are used in many towns to wash the
windows in the upper stories, which cannot be taken out.
[589] See Digest. i. tit. 15, where all persons are ordered to have
water always ready in their houses. Also Digest. 47, tit. 9. Many
things relating to this subject may be found in L. A. Hambergeri
Opuscula, Jenæ et Lips. 1740, 8vo, p. 12; in the Dissertation de
Incendiis. Further information respecting the police establishment
of the Romans in regard to fires, is contained in two dissertations,
entitled G. C. Marquarti de Cura Romanorum circa Incendia. Lips. 1689,
4to. And Ev. Ottonis Dissertat de Officio Præfecti Vigilum circa
Incendia. Ultrajecti 1733.
[590] Digest. xxxiii. 7, 18. Dier. Genial. v. 24.
[591] Controvers. 9, libri ii.
[592] In Germany also the roads and the distance between the ruts made
by cart-wheels were in old times very narrow. Some years ago, when the
new tile-kiln was built before the Geismar gate at Göttingen, there
was found at a great depth, a proof of its antiquity, a street or road
which had formerly proceeded to the city with so small a space marked
out by carriage-wheels, that one like it is not to be seen in Germany.
[593] Lib. ii. cap. 8.
[594] Hanovii Disquisitiones. Gedani 1750, 4to, p. 65.
[595] Annæ Comnenæ Alexiad. lib. 16. p. 385; πῦρ ὑγρόν.
[596] A projectile machine of this kind is mentioned by Joinville, p.
39.
[597] See the passage of Anna Comnena quoted by Hanov. p. 335.
[598] In Leonis Allatii Σύμμικτα. Colon. 1653, 8vo, p. 239.
[599] Cap. 19, § 6, p. 322.
[600] Pp. 344, 346.
[601] Thus in the year 1466 straw thatch, and in 1474 the use of
shingles were forbidden at Frankfort.--Lersner, ii. p. 22.
[602] Doppelmayer says that the water was driven to the height of a
hundred feet.
[603] Doppelmayer, p. 303.
[604] Contin. du Traite de la Police, par De la Mare, p. 137.
[605] Mathematik zum Nutzen und Vergnügen, 8vo, p. 396.
[606] Lib. x. cap. 12.
[607] Spiritualia, 36, p. 35.
[608] Vol. i. p. 120, tab. 45, fig. 2.
[609] In the patent, however, they were named _Jan_ and _Nicholas van
der Heyden_.
[610] Beschryving der nieuwliiks uitgevonden Slang-Brand-Spuiten, Jan
van der Heide, Amst. 1690, folio.
[611] Poliorcet. page 32.
[612] Leipziger Intelligenzblatt, 1775, p. 345; and 1767, p. 69.
Teutscher Merkur, 1783.
[613] Lysons’s Environs of London.
[614] Vestitus Sacerdotum Hebræorum. Amst. 1701, 4to, i. p. 273. Much
useful information in regard to various improvements in the apparatus
for extinguishing fires may be found in Aug. Niemann Uebersicht der
Sicherungsmittel gegen Feuersgefahren. Hamb. und Kiel, 1796, 8vo.