As in former years we continued the formation of hybrids of the

combination CxJxA[4] which has to date given the most resistant

individuals and the best timber form. 277 hybrid nuts of this

combination were obtained by crossing JA with C, and C with JA. JAxJ

crossed with C yielded 25 nuts. CJA crossed with pollen from the Roxbury

Americans gave 20 nuts. The Chinese-American hybrids are also promising

both in form and in blight resistance. By crossing these with American

pollen from Thomaston, Conn., and from Clinton Corners, N. Y., we

secured 48 nuts. CA crossed with a good native American in Thomaston,

Conn., resulted in 30 nuts, and the same combination using an American

in Newfoundland, N. J., produced 9 nuts. The total number of nuts

derived from all crosses was 504, a much smaller figure than that for

the two preceding years. The reason for this is that considerable time

was consumed in experiments designed to determine the length of the

receptive period in the pistils.

[4] C = Chinese, J = Japanese, A = American chestnut.

The 1953 nut production (Table I) compared well with last year's. The

total yields were as good as, or better than, the 1952 crop and the

average weight per nut was not significantly lower than in 1952.

Apparently the late summer and fall drought had no effect on nut yields

and average weights. Obviously we have the warm winter and abundant

early rains to thank for this situation.

Table I. Natural Yield of Nuts (open pollinations) From Sample Trees.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total yield Av. weight per Approximate

Age in Species Location in lbs. nut in grams no. of nuts

years 1952 1953 1952 1953 per lb.[A]

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

23 _C.crenta_ 13-2 27.5 43.3 14.5 14.0 32

27 _C.mollissima_ 1-3 22.2 20.8 10.6 10.5 43

27 _C.mollissima_ 1-9 28.2 26.2 9.9 9.7 46

27 _C.mollissima_ 1-15 6.8[B] 20.6 12.9 11.7 39

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

A. based on the 1953 weights

B. a considerable part of crop lost before it was collected

Fig 1. gives a fair idea of the extremes in size of the Japanese

chestnut. Since the smaller size is probably close to that of the wild

chestnut in Japan, the figure illustrates what has been done by the

centuries of selection and cultivation that the chestnut has undergone

in Japan.

[Illustration: Fig 1. Nuts of _C. crenata_, Japanese chestnut, showing

approximately the limits of size in the species. Left: from a tree on

Long Island, N. Y, owned by Mr. John Vertichio. Right: from one of our

forest type Japanese trees given to us by the Office of Forest Pathology

in 1930 and now growing at the Sleeping Giant Plantation, Hamden, Conn.

The tree is probably representative of the wild type of nuts in Japan--a

little larger than the native American chestnut. However, it is probable

that smaller nuts of the Japanese species exist. About 1/2 natural size.

Photo by B. W. McFarland, Conn. Agric. Expt. Sta., Nov. 27, 1953.]

Anent the large nuts in the photograph, which weigh about an ounce

apiece or about 28 g. (compare figures in table I), Mr. Ferguson,

Instructor at the Long Island Agricultural and Technical Institute,

through whom we received the nuts, states that "the nuts of the

seedlings from the tree do not average better than half the size of

those of the parent tree." This illustrates the fact, now well known,

that the chestnut tree is self sterile. Nuts are always (with

exceptions) a result of fertilization of the flowers with the pollen

from _another_ tree.

We should like to reproduce this tree in our plantations, but the only

way it can be done is by grafting scions of it on to some other,

preferably Japanese, stock, or by rooting cuttings from it--a method

which we still have not been able to accomplish readily.

Moll-Seg, or Chinese Prolific

In the report of the senior writer for 1934 (_Brooklyn Botanic Garden

Record 24:62_) it was stated: "In our form of the Chinese chestnut only

one, if any, bur appears at the base of the flowering branch. The dwarf

species, _C. seguini_, from eastern and central China, on the other

hand, is most prolific; and in addition, blooms from June to October. It

will be seen that crosses of these two species may produce valuable

breeding stock." As a result of this cross, made in 1934, we obtained

seven nuts, and from these nuts we have today, nineteen years later,

four trees, three of which have shown marked blight resistance. One of

these three is much larger, partaking more in its stature and form of

the character of its Chinese parent, and in contrast to the latter,

bears burs and nuts in profusion, usually clustered at the ends of the

branches. (Fig. 2). The nuts are small but of good flavor. It is a good

nut tree, not suitable for timber. However, as we stated in our 1951-2

report, it is subject to considerable twig blight, caused by the attacks

of the weak parasite, _Cryptodiaporthe castanea_ (Tul.) Wehmeyer, and

this is due apparently to the influence of its tender parent, the Seguin

chestnut, which habitually dies back in the winter. The parasite easily

enters the dying ends of the twigs. We should like to see this tree

tried out in a warmer climate--Georgia, Florida, Alabama, etc. Possibly

it might prove adaptable to a southern European environment.[5]

[5] Systematic descriptions of this and other valuable chestnut hybrids

are being prepared for publication.

Pollen Receptivity of Female Flowers

Chestnut is monecious. The flowers are borne on the present year's

growth in long catkins. These are of two distinct types; near the base

of the flowering branch they consist of male flowers only. The catkins

near the apex, on the other hand, are bisexual; pistillate flowers are

found, solitary or in clusters of two or three, near the base of this

type of catkin. The remainder of the catkin bears male flowers similar

to those on the all-male catkins.

The unisexual male catkins are the first to start flowering and not

until two to three weeks later will the male flowers of the bisexual

catkins be in full bloom. Normally, the pistillate flowers will reach

full development sometime between these two periods of pollen shedding.

_The Length of the Receptivity Period._--During the summer of 1953 an

experiment was conducted to determine more definitely when the pistils

became receptive and how long they remain in this condition. Two

Chinese, two Japanese and two hybrid chestnuts of the combination (Jap.

x C. pumila) x Jap., the so-called S8xJ, were used as the females in the

study. Emasculation and bagging was done at the beginning of anthesis,

that is, when the first unisexual male catkins began to shed pollen.

Three different pollen sources were used on each female parent; they

were of the same species or hybrid combination as the female. The

following diagram shows the pollination schedule used.

Pollen source Time of pollination in days

No. after beginning of anthesis

5 9 13 17 22

-----------------------------------------------

1 X X X

2 X X X

3 X X X

For example, the Chinese female trees were pollinated with pollen from

three other Chinese trees (in the diagram "Pollen source No. 1, 2 and

3), which open their anthers on successively later dates. This

pollination schedule was used to avoid prolonged storing of the pollen.

[Illustration: Fig. 2. Showing, above, _C. mollissima_, Chinese

chestnut, left, and _C. seguini_, seguin chestnut, right, parents of

_mollissima_ x _seguini_ hybrid below. Note clustered burs in

hybrid--more than twice the number appearing in the _mollissima_ parent.

Leaves and habit of tree resemble more the _mollissima_ parent. About

1/6 natural size. Photo by B. W. McFarland, Conn. Agric. Expt. Sta.,

Sept. 25, 1953.]

To carry on pollination the bags are removed and the pollen-bearing

catkins are brushed lightly over the stigmas several times, one or more

fresh catkins being used in each bag. These catkins are left in the bag.

The bags are then replaced and permanently removed when danger of

outcrossing is eliminated, in this case 10-14 days after the last

pollination.

The number of nuts collected at the time of harvesting compared with the

number of female flowers pollinated was taken as a measure of how

successful the pollinations were.

The results showed that five days after the commencement of anthesis a

high proportion of the female flowers is receptive. The Japanese and

hybrid trees have a definite peak of the period of receptivity between 9

and 17 days after anthesis begins; thereafter, receptivity drops off

sharply. The data from the Chinese trees indicated that the period of

maximum receptivity is longer than in the Japanese and hybrid chestnuts

tested. They maintained full receptivity on the 22nd day after the

beginning of anthesis.

It is commonly believed that bagging as well as emasculation may

seriously affect the yield from controlled pollination. This is not

always the case. One of the Japanese trees and one hybrid tree (S8 x J)

yielded fully as many nuts from controlled (under best conditions) as

from open pollination. On all other trees the effect of bagging was more

or less adverse.

The Effect of Emasculation on Nut Yield

Emasculation involves the removal of the unisexual male catkins and the

male part of the bisexual catkins. In the course of the controlled

pollination work it has often been found that the female flowers drop

off in the bag before the burs start to develop. This has especially

been encountered in Japanese x American hybrids and back-crosses. It was

thought that this perhaps was due to injuries resulting from

emasculation. The following small experiment was carried out in order to

determine if this was actually true.

A Japanese x American and a Japanese x (Japanese x American) hybrid were

used as the female parents. On these trees some flowering branches were

bagged which had been emasculated normally, on other branches only the

unisexual catkins were removed, while the bisexual catkins were left

intact. Some branches were bagged without any emasculation, and some

flowering branches were just tagged. The number of female flowers was

counted in all cases. Pollinations were performed 3 times, that is, were

repeated on the third and fifth day after the first pollination. This is

the procedure ordinarily used for our controlled pollinations. Chinese

pollen was used on both trees. Nut set expressed as per cent of the

number of pollinated flowers, times three, (because ordinarily there are

3 nuts in every bur) was taken as a measure of how successful the

pollinations had been. The results are shown in Table 2.

Table II. The Effect of Emasculation on Nut Yield

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Type of Treatment No. of [Symbol: female]'s at Nut set as

time of first expressed in %

pollination of [Symbol: female]'s

at time of

1st pollination x3

[Symbol: female] parent [Symbol: female] parent

4-4 7-4 4-4 7-4

(JxA) (JxJA) (JxA) (JxJA)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Normal emasculation 39 17 29.1 13.7

Only unisexual catkins removed 23 19 14.5 0.0

Not emasculated, but pollinated 28 18 25.0 3.7

Not emasculated, }

not pollinated } Control 28 25 1.2 0.0

Not bagged, branches tagged,

open pollinated 26 23 44.9 17.4

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bagging apparently was partly injurious on these two trees and caused

some decrease in nut yield. There is, however, no evidence that

emasculation in itself causes a decreased nut yield, rather it appears

to be somewhat beneficial if we are to judge from the results of this

experiment. At least, one would be justified in concluding that any

harmful effect is negligible. Completely emasculated flowers yielded

29.1 and 13.7 per cent as compared to 14.5 and 0.0 per cent where only

unisexual male catkins were removed, and 25.0 and 3.7 per cent where no

emasculation was done. The controls which were not emasculated and not

hand pollinated, show that the trees are practically completely self

sterile; only an occasional nut is set from self-fertilization.

Vegetative Propagation

In vegetative propagation the tree breeder has a very important tool.

For instance, if a number of desirable phenotypes have been selected in

the forest, they can be propagated vegetatively and planted under

uniform conditions where it will be possible to "estimate" their

genotype, without the time-consuming progeny testing. Trees propagated

vegetatively from old mature trees usually will start flowering very

soon after they become established; thus the necessity of doing

pollination work in very large trees can be eliminated. Furthermore, it

enables the tree breeders to maintain trees of a desirable genotype

unaltered for an indefinite length of time without first establishing

pure lines through inbreeding. Finally, it may be possible to make

valuable individuals available to the forest owners for field planting

if they can be propagated vegetatively in large enough numbers at low

cost.

Compared to propagation by grafting, the rooting of cuttings is both

simpler and cheaper, if it can be done. Chestnut cuttings are,

unfortunately, very difficult to root. In the past six years numerous

experiments have been conducted in order to find a way to root the

various chestnut species. We have tried to root dormant, as well as

greenwood, cuttings, the conventional twig cuttings as well as leaf-bud

cuttings; numerous hormone treatments using several different hormones

in solution and as powders, over a wide range of concentrations, have

been tried; a special chamber in which an automatic atomizer nozzle

sprays the cuttings intermittently has been used. Results have always

been poor. Dormant cuttings have broken dormancy, sent out new leaves,

formed an abundance of callus on the basal end, but failed to develop

any roots, and finally after several months have died. Greenwood

cuttings also have failed to develop roots in almost all cases. The best

results have been obtained with leaf-bud cuttings. In some cases 10 to

20 per cent have rooted; here, however, the difficulty has been the

failure of the bud to break dormancy and start growth, and all the

rooted cuttings have eventually died.

The rooting by airlayering has been tried in a few cases. Airlayering is

the rooting of twigs while they are still attached to the tree. Some

distance from the terminal end of the twig an oblique cut is made, or

the bark is removed around the twig for about 3/4". The cut or ringed

area is treated with a hormone powder, wrapped in sphagnum moss and

covered with a wrapping of polyethelene. Attempts to root twigs on older

trees by this method have so far failed. Recently successful rooting of

twigs on young seedlings by airlayering has been reported from Spain,

and from France comes the report that stooling of young seedlings is

highly successful. In the stooling method the young plants are cut off a

short distance above the ground level. As new shoots grow out, their

basal ends are gradually covered with soil until a 5-6" mound has been

formed. Left in this manner they may develop their own root system and

can eventually be detached from the mother root. That the rooting of

young seedling material should be possible, while that from older trees

will not root, is not unusual. It is generally accepted that the younger

the tree from which the cuttings are taken, the easier the cuttings are

to root. Experiments along these lines are planned for 1954.

Cooperative Hybrid Chestnut Plantations

In last year's report we described our hybrid test plots established in

cooperation with the U.S.D.A., Bureau of Plant Industry, Division of

Forest Pathology.

On March 18, 1953 a new plantation was started at Grafton, West

Virginia. As usual, we furnished 50 plants for this test plot.

From the reports from Dr. J. D. Diller, of the then Division of Forest

Pathology, our hybrids so far have shown a promising performance,

although their average growth rate so far is slightly slower than that

of the U.S.D.A. hybrids and straight Chinese chestnut. From the

standpoint of blight resistance and growth habit they are at least equal

to the two other sources and may be slightly better; however, it is

still too early to make any definite evaluation of the results.

Insect Injuries

The most damaging insect pests in the Sleeping Giant Plantation are the

spring canker worms, the mites (_Paratetranychus bicolor_), Japanese

beetles and the chestnut weevils.

A spraying schedule has now been worked out which keeps these pests

under control:

1. Dormant spray with "Scalecide" in middle April against the canker

worms and mites.

2. Two applications of "Aramite" (6-7 lbs. per acre) in the middle and

toward the end of June. These sprayings have given good control against

mites. Where the outbreak is very severe it may be necessary to spray

with "Aramite" also in July and again in August.

3. Spraying with DDT in middle August and the first week in September

has controlled the weevils successfully.

In concluding this report we desire to express our thanks to the many

interested persons who have contributed pollen, nuts and/or scions to

further this project.

Dr. W. C. Deming

On November 17th, 1910, twelve dreamers met in the Botanical Museum,

Bronx Park, New York City, to form an organization of nut growers in the

north. It was largely an organizational meeting. No papers were read,

but some solid foundations were laid. Dr. W. C. Deming served as

temporary chairman of the meeting and, fortunately for the cause, was

then elected as the new body's Secretary-Treasurer, an office which has

always called for executive ability and untiring industry.

This election paid off. At the second meeting, held at the New York

State College of Agriculture, in Ithaca, it appeared that the new

Secretary had communicated with a large number of leading nurserymen,

with national and State horticulturists and with others. It was reported

at this meeting that only two nurserymen had accepted the invitation to

attend. "So", reported Secretary Deming, "evidently the others do not

think the northern nut grower is one whose acquaintance is worth

cultivating. We hope to convince them to the contrary."

This was done. At the second meeting, the Association could count sixty

members. Professor John Craig, of Cornell, in noting this growth, said,

"Dr. Deming has not merely performed the routine duties of the

secretary, but he has studied the case and has presented a good many

facts not apparent on the surface. It seems to me that this augurs

well."

The augury proved prophetic. The Association continued to grow. But

without this first intelligent, persistent effort upon the part of. Dr.

Deming, it could hardly have survived.

This small bit of history is illustrative of the whole life of Dr.

Deming. His deep interest in the purposes and hopes of our Association

has never ceased. Upon his own ground he planted, and budded and

grafted many nut trees, and has given away the fruits of his labors with

a prodigal good will. Deming's Burnham pecan and the Deming Purple black

walnut are the only introductions, so far as this writer knows, which

bear his name.

Again, some thirty years after the first meeting mentioned above, Dr.

Deming thought up and carried through another project which makes the

Association repeatedly his debtor, an Index of the first thirty volumes

of the Association's Annual Reports. It is a work which saves the

conscientious worker in northern nut culture hours and hours of labor.

And now our Dean, the last of the founding fathers, has left us for the

Elysian Fields. His gentle, kindly face will be sadly missed by those

who knew him, but he lives on in every tree whose planting his labors

inspired and in every mind which has been, even unconsciously, his heir.

A letter from Miss Charlotte Deming, a sister, assures us, somewhat

touchingly, but happily, of this fact:

"My brother's heart was with and in the work of the Association. He was

happy to know of its expansion into such a wide-spread organization, and

very proud of having been made its Dean."

Dr. Deming lived a full life. He was a physician of distinction, a

graduate of Columbia University's College of Physicians and Surgeons and

was retired from the army after World War I with the rank of Major.

After graduation from Columbia, he served his internship in a New York

hospital, then on the medical staff of the State Immigrant Hospital,

Ward's Island. He began private practice in Westchester County, New York

and, later, for many years, served as examining physician with the

Veterans' Administration in Hartford, Connecticut.

It is interesting to know, as told by his son, Hawthorne, that Mrs.

Deming, formerly Imogene Hawthorne, was the youngest granddaughter of

the immortal Nathaniel. It is evident that Dr. Deming, both in private

life and in his public interests, was a strong believer in the value of

good blood-lines.

_John Davidson_

The Nomenclature of Nut Varieties

GEORGE H. M. LAWRENCE, _Bailey Hortorium, Ithaca, N. Y._

This article is intended to introduce to you the International Code of

Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants[6] and to point out the ways in which

that Code serves the interests and needs of members of the Northern Nut

Growers Association.

[6] The International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants,

formulated and adopted by the International Botanical Congress Committee

for the Nomenclature of Cultivated Plants and the International

Committee on Horticultural Nomenclature and Registration at the

Thirteenth International Horticultural Congress, London, September 1952.

Copies of the full text of the Code are available from the Secretary,

American Horticultural Council, Inc., Bailey Hortorium, Cornell

University, Ithaca, N. Y., (25c postpaid).

The Code as published by the Royal Horticultural Society is a booklet of

about 30 pages, containing an excellent historical introduction by W. T.

Stearn, a summary or abridged version of the Code, and the full text. It

is of necessity somewhat technical in its phraseology, and in places its

jargon is overwhelming. Recently, Dr. John S. L. Gilmour, Director of

the Cambridge Botanic Gardens, and formerly Director of the R. H. S.

Trial Gardens at Wisley, published a very lucid and down-to-earth

interpretation of the principle provisions of the Code. It is reproduced

with permission at the conclusion of this introduction.

The questions asked about the Code include,

"What's it got that earlier codes did not have?"

"What's new about it?"

"How does it affect me?"

There are several answers to the first query, but the most significant

is that here for the first time we have a Code that represents the

thinking of horticulturists from all leading horticultural centers of

the world. I was a member of a committee of thirteen (representing 6

countries), that met for nine days in Stockholm in 1950 to prepare and

edit the first international draft of this Code. Those of each

nationality had met in their country previously, with their own leaders,

and had come to this round-table session with fixed ideas of what they

wanted. By mid-evening of the first session it became apparent that the

Swedes, the Dutch, the British, and the Americans had sent some of their

most persuasive, vocative, and determined countrymen to represent them.

The Swiss representative restrained himself admirably until after the

initial lines had been drawn. It looked then as if there might be

several codes, but before recessing several hours later some concessions

had been made, and discussion on the more volatile points had been

deferred. The differences of opinion were well founded and held with

good reason. Some reflected an unawareness of situations in an unrelated

horticultural field, e.g., a nurseryman did not know the problems

encountered by the Danes in developing so-called varieties of

vegetables, or by the American in producing hybrid-corn--each calling

for different provisions in the Code, nor could the rose specialist be

expected to comprehend the genetic situations encountered in many types

of hybridity. One botanist in the group had no appreciation of the

intricacies of problems and situations found when trying to name some

complex groups of cultigens. Add to these reasons the fact that most of

these men were representatives or spokesmen for larger groups or

national organizations "back home" and were not authorized to act

independently from earlier decisions by those groups, and one can only

marvel that at the end of the 9-day period we came up with a detailed

and workable draft accepted unanimously, and which was modified in no

major respect at the more recently International Horticultural Congress

in London.

The period between the Stockholm meeting and the London Congress was

utilized to distribute mimeographed copies of the Stockholm draft to

horticultural leaders in all countries, to provide opportunity for

suggesting changes and new provisions for the Code, and to hold one

committee meeting of international level, at London in November 1951.

As a result, the present Code is the first truly international

regulating guide that has been produced as an aid to persons concerned

with the nomenclature of cultivated plants. The individual who may

object to some provision of the Code must remember that its presence in

the Code has had the support of scores of specialists, representing no

less than 16 nations and that there is no part of the Code that was not

acceptable to a majority of the delegates of each nation and to the

groups representing them. The significance of this international

character of the Code is not to be discounted.

It is only proper at this point to tell you how the U. S. A. was

represented at the International Horticultural Congress in London.

Practically every country except the United States has a national

horticultural organization, comparable in some respects to the Royal

Horticultural Society, with which you are surely familiar. This country

had none. When the "call" went out for representatives and delegates to

the International Horticultural Congress, that for this country was

delivered to the agricultural attache at our Embassy in London. It is

reported that he referred it to his home office and attended some

preliminary meetings in London. The matter was referred to the U. S.

Department of Agriculture in Washington and there sat, apparently, for

months. In the interim, private communications were flying across the

Atlantic in both directions between interested horticulturists and

finally the matter was referred by the Honorable Secretary of the

Congress direct to American societies of horticulture to ensure that

American views and interests would be adequately represented. It boiled

down to the United States being represented by those persons who were

going to be at the Congress anyway and by men who were not specialists

in nomenclatural matters. Appraised of their lot, these persons made

every effort to be briefed and informed on as many aspects of the

provisions of the proposed Code as possible. As stated later by Dr. S.

L. Emsweller (a member of the committee, representing U. S. D. A. and

the American Society for Horticultural Science), this situation brought

into sharp focus the need in this country for a single horticultural

organization of organizations that could serve as authorized in matters

at the international level. The American Horticultural Council, to which

the Northern Nut Growers Association belongs may become that

organization, but only when authorized by its membership.

Many readers may be familiar with earlier codes, as that adopted by the

American Pomological Society (which dates from 1847), that by the

American Society of Agronomists (formulated in 1917-18), and with a

third code adopted at the sessions of the Botanical Congress meeting in

Cambridge, England, in 1935. Knowing of the provisions of these codes,

you may ask, "What has the new one got that is different?" There are

many new features of which the more significant are given below.

Perhaps foremost is the recognition that, for the most part, the

so-called varieties of garden plants are not uniform in their behavior.

Some are nothing more than transplants of variations found in the wild,

such as the Japanese _Juglans Sieboldiana_ var. _cordiformis_, a

population having its own geographic range and distinguished from the

typical element of the species by several morphological characters. It

is a botanical variety that is cultivated. It is not a product of

domestication.

The code distinguishes from this botanical variety those so-called

varieties that are the result of domestication, variants that have been

produced in cultivation but are not known to occur and perpetuate

themselves in the wild, such as Schwedler's maple known as _Acer

Platanoides_ var. _Schwedleri_. Plants of this group, that may be grown

from seed and which do show a limited variability, are distinguished

from botanical varieties by placing them in a new category called

cultivar (a name coined long ago by L. H. Bailey and meaning, a variety

from cultivation). The abbreviation for the category is cv. Furthermore,

in an effort to differentiate cultivar names from botanical names, it is

provided that they be treated as are vernacular or fancy (common) names.

That is, that the name be placed in single quotes and not italicized

e.g., _Acer Platanoides_ cv. 'Schwedleri'.

A third category is that of clone. A clone is an individual propagated

not from seeds but by asexual means, as by grafting, budding, cuttings,

etc. Most so-called varieties of nuts are clones. A clone may be

selected from a species population, from a botanical variety, from a

cultivar, or from anyone of several types of hybrid complexes. It may

appear as a mutant of another clone. The name for it may, where there is

need for precision, be attached to the name of the species (or hybrid)

from which it was selected, as _Corylus Avellana_ cl. 'DuChilly' or

reduced to _Corylus_ cl. 'DuChilly.'

For the hybridizer naming and introducing new hybrids to cultivation,

the Code is more helpful than any previous set of rules and the needs of

hybridizers of various groups have been considered. Many examples

illustrating application of each provision are given in the unabridged

version.

The person naming plants will find much helpful guidance with regard to

the selection of names which should be considered if international usage

is to prevail. The Code is just that, a set of dicta provided for

guidance by horticulturists throughout the world that there may

prevail

a greater uniformity, accuracy, and fixity of names,

a lessening of procedures that would lead to confusion and error if

adequately supported or widely adopted, and

a provision for change and revision.

One section of the code ("C") dealing with Registration might well come

within the framework of interest and activity of the Northern Nut

Growers Association. This section, which suffers materially by

condensation in the abbreviated text that follows, occupies nearly a

page in the unabridged edition. It envisages the establishment of an

international registering body, with headquarters for different groups

located in different countries, e.g., that for tulips in the

Netherlands, for rhododendrons in Britain, for roses in the United

States, etc. The task of compiling, maintaining, and publishing such a

registrar (and rejecting names not in conformance with the Code) will

fall in many cases on the special plant societies concerned. When

societies for a given group of plants exist in 2 or more countries, they

will be expected to collaborate. Insofar as I know the Northern Nut

Growers Association has not set up any mechanism for the registration of

names given to cultivars, hybrids, and clones of nuts. To do so would be

to perform a very real service for your membership, for the industry in

this country, and would place the Association in a key spot when the

proposal for an international registry is activated. The agitation for

this phase of international application of the Code is considerable and

is more evident in Europe than here. If the Association takes an active

stand in the matter and develops a center of registry of nut names for

this continent, it may very well display a quality of initiative and

service that will make it pre-eminent on the international level and

will cause others to look to it for guidance, information, and

leadership.

A careful consideration of this Code is commended to all and those

interested in the topic are urged to procure a copy of the booklet

giving the unabridged edition and Stearn's excellent historical account

of the subject.

The New Code For the Naming of Cultivated Plants[7]

[7] Reproduced with permission from Journal of the Royal Horticultural

Society, vol. 69, pp. 12-21, 1954.

J. S. L. GILMOUR, _Chairman of the International Committee on

Horticultural Nomenclature and Registration_

Anyone who deals in any way with cultivated plants uses plant names.

This glimpse of the obvious ought to mean that the appearance of a new

Code for the naming of cultivated plants should be a memorable event for

all gardeners. I say "ought to mean" advisedly, because there is no

doubt that, in the past, Codes of Nomenclature have made little appeal

to gardeners, the great majority of whom have been blissfully unaware of

their existence. As a consequence, many horticulturists--on hearing of

"a new Code"--will, no doubt, raise a respectful (or contemptuous)

eyebrow and get on with reading their latest catalogue. The aim of this

article is to persuade readers of the Society's JOURNAL, not only that

this attitude is against their own interests, but that a good deal of

quiet entertainment can be extracted from trying to use plant names

correctly--if only the entertainment of putting their neighbour right!

It is true that, hitherto, there has been ample excuse for ignorance.

Although Codes for the naming of cultivated plants have existed, in some

shape or form, for nearly 100 years, they have been printed in obscure

publications, quite inaccessible to ordinary mortals. This excuse no

longer holds. The full text, plus a summary, of the new Code can be

purchased for one shilling and three pence (post free) from the Society,

and, in addition, reference to it has been made in many horticultural

and other periodicals. What, then, is the new Code about, how does it

affect gardeners, and what should they do about it?

In the first place it is _not_ about the Latin names of wild species or

varieties--names like _Rhododendron ponticum_ and _Aesculus octandra_

var. _vestita_. Whether wild plants are grown in gardens or not, their

Latin names are governed by quite a separate Code, devised by botanists

for the purpose. It is true, of course, that gardeners have to use Latin

names for many of the wild plants that they grow, and equally true,

unfortunately, that the frequent changes in these names are a source of

annoyance to everyone; but that is quite another story, with which we

are not concerned here. At the last International Horticultural Congress

steps were taken which we all hope will result, with the cooperation of

botanists, in the stabilization of widely used Latin names of cultivated

plants.

No, the new Code deals, not with wild species, varieties and hybrids,

but with what are commonly called "garden varieties"--namely, forms

which have been brought into existence by selection, hybridization, or

other similar processes devised by man, and are maintained in

cultivation as clones or pure lines by man's care and skill--such plants

as Rose 'Peace,' Apple 'Beauty of Bath,' and thousands of others. The

distinction between "wild" plants and "garden varieties" is not

absolutely clear cut, and in the Code a closer definition is

attempted--but for our present purpose the difference is obvious enough.

In the Code, it is recommended that "garden varieties" should

technically be called "cultivars." This has been their official name for

many years and it is clearly desirable, if the two categories of "wild"

and "cultivated" varieties are to be recognized, to have a short and

internationally current word for each of them. "Variety" and "cultivar"

serve this purpose admirably, but it is not to be expected that all

gardeners will make the distinction and adopt the word "cultivar" in

ordinary parlance, at any rate immediately. Personally, however, I hope

and believe that eventually "cultivar" will find favour. It is a clear

and easily understood word and will, I think, prove useful to those

gardeners who care for accuracy and precision in their craft, and

especially to those who have dealings with fellow-gardeners in other

countries.

The Code, then, deals with the _names of cultivars_. It may be helpful,

I think, to consider its rules and regulations under three headings:

firstly, those of interest to all gardeners who have occasion to write

the names of cultivars; secondly, those which are concerned with the

coining of new names; and thirdly, those more technical provisions which

are of interest primarily to horticulturists studying a particular group

and trying to establish what are the correct names for its cultivars.

1. The Writing of Cultivar-Names

The most important point, perhaps, concerning the names of cultivars is

that they should not be in Latin, but in any modern language using the

so-called Roman alphabet (_i.e._ the alphabet in which English, French,

German, etc., are written). The reason for this is, of course, to

distinguish, at a glance, names of cultivars from names of wild

varieties, which are in Latin. In the future, Latin names for cultivars

will definitely not be allowed by the Code, but we are faced with the

_fait accompli_ of hundreds of existing Latin names which have been

widely used for many years. For example: the dwarf conifers abound with

cultivars called 'nana,' 'prostrata,' 'compacta' and the like, and such

names as 'albus,' 'variegatus,' and 'plenus' occur in almost every

cultivated genus. It would clearly be foolish to try to alter all these,

and the Code accepts such legacies from the past as permanently with us.

(As we shall see, however, a distinction is made between the writing of

Latin cultivar-names and Latin varietal-names.)

The vast majority, then, of cultivar-names are vernacular or "fancy"

names like 'Winston Churchill.' How should the full name of a cultivar

be written? The complete and technically correct form, including the

Latin name of the species from which the cultivar has been derived, is

illustrated in the following example: _Sedum spectabile_ Boreau, cv.

'Brilliant,' but I hasten to add that this lengthy designation is for

use only on full-dress occasions! In the example, _Sedum_ is the name of

the genus, _spectabile_ the name of the species (technically called the

"specific epithet"), Boreau the name of the man who first described the

species under that name (technically called "the authority" for the

name), cv. the abbreviation of cultivar, and 'Brilliant' the

cultivar-name for the particular cultivar concerned. It should be noted

(1) that the generic name and specific epithet are printed in italics,

(2) that the cultivar-name begins with a capital letter, is printed in

ordinary Roman type, and is enclosed in _single_ quotation marks, and

(3) that there is no "authority" after the cultivar-name. These three

points are important, and apply to the writing of all names of

cultivars. If we wish to cut down this rather formidable string of words

for every-day use, the authority can be omitted in all except very

technical writing. Secondly, the abbreviation cv. can normally be left

out, as the vernacular form, single quotes, and Roman type of

'Brilliant' indicate quite clearly that it is a cultivar-name, and not

the name of a wild variety. In this shortened form, therefore, the name

would read simply:

_Sedum spectabile_ 'Brilliant'

and this is the normal method of writing the names of cultivars.

There are, however, two additional refinements that should be

mentioned--apart from the special case of cultivars derived from

hybrids, which I will deal with later. The first concerns those Latin

cultivar-names which are left over from the past. These should be

printed in Roman type and enclosed in single quotes to distinguish them

from Latin varietal names; thus one would write _Thuja orientalis_

'elegantissima,' where 'elegantissima' is a cultivar-name, but _Aesculus

octandra_ var. _vestita_, where _vestita_ is the name of a wild variety.

The second point refers to the omission of any authority after a

cultivar-name. Many cultivars are first described in reports of trials,

in catalogues, and other anonymous publications; this makes the quoting

of an authority impractical, but there is provision in the Code for

writing the raiser's or introducer's name in brackets after the

cultivar-name if so desired, thus: _Weigela_ 'Avalanche' (Lemoine).

2. Naming New Cultivars

_General_

Let us suppose that a nurseryman, park superintendent, or amateur

gardener has just flowered a batch of seedlings of, say, _Helenium_,

and that he spots one as being of a new type and worthy of propagation.

In due course he shows the plant at a fortnightly show, under a number,

and an Award of Merit is given to it. He must now find a cultivar-name

for his new plant. His first problem, of course, is to choose a name

that has not been used before in the genus _Helenium_. If he picks on a

very unusual personal name he can be fairly certain that he is the first

to use it. If, however, he prefers a more general name, like 'Innocence'

or 'Venus,' there is a danger that it has been used before. If there

existed a registration authority for _Helenium_ names, as there does,

for example, for names of Daffodils, he could, of course, consult this

authority, but in its absence he must do his best to comb the likely

literature--for example the Index to this JOURNAL, nurserymen's

catalogues, etc.--and to assure himself that his chosen name has not

already been used. His next step is to make certain that the name is in

accordance with the best practice for coining such names. Here is where

the Code will help him. In it he will find (under Section F) a series of

rules for his guidance, based on the accumulated experience of

horticulturists of many nations. I will not repeat these rules

here--they can be read in the Code--but perhaps the most important,

apart from the rule already quoted that the name must not be in Latin,

is that it should be short (not more than two words), should avoid forms

of address liable to be confused (_e.g._ Mr., Mrs. and Miss) and, as far

as possible, should be easily pronounceable by all nationalities. As the

Code says, 'Centenaire de Rozain-Bourcharlat,'

'Diplomagartenbauinspektor,' and 'Eldwyth Cholmondeley' are not looked

upon with favour as cultivar-names! Having chosen a name, it is

essential to ensure that it is published, together with an adequate

description, since the Code does not recognize names that are not

published, or are published with no description. The Code lays down what

is meant by publication, and by adequate description. The names of

plants which receive an Award at Vincent Square are automatically

published, with a description, in this JOURNAL, but for other methods of

publication the Code should be consulted.

_Hybrids_

The naming of cultivars derived from crosses between two or more

different species, belonging to the same or different genera, involves

rather special problems. By "derived from" I mean not only the _first_

generation from a species cross, but all subsequent generations and

back-crosses with the original parents or with members of the first or

later generations. Any cultivar which is the progeny of a species cross,

however remote, comes, for the purpose of the Code, under the heading of

a hybrid and its naming is subject to definite rules. The full name of a

"hybrid cultivar" must be regarded as consisting of three distinct

parts: (1) the name of the genus (or "hybrid genus" if a hybrid between

two or more genera is concerned); (2) a "collective" name or phrase

covering _all_ the progeny resulting from the particular species-cross

concerned; and (3) a cultivar-name for the particular form (cultivar)

under consideration. In the name _Viburnum_ x _bodnantense_ 'Dawn,'

_Viburnum_ is the generic name, x _bodnantense_ is the collective name

for all progeny of the cross _V. fragans_ x _V. grandiflorum_, and

'Dawn' is the cultivar-name for a particular seedling of this

parentage. It is essential always to bear in mind these three distinct

parts of the name of a garden hybrid, even if, as it often done, one or

other of the parts is omitted in actual usage; the three parts broadly

correspond, of course, to the generic name, specific epithet, and

cultivar-name of a non-hybrid cultivar (see above).

Let us consider these three parts in turn and see what types of name can

be used in each part in actual practice--and how this affects the naming

of new "hybrid cultivars."

The _first part_, the generic name, presents no difficulties, except in

the case of new hybrids between two or more genera. Names of such

"hybrid genera" are usually "manufactured" from a combination of the

names of the parent genera (_e.g._ x _Heucherella_, from _Heuchera_ and

_Tiarella_); in the case of hybrids between more than two genera,

however, where a "combination" name would be unwieldy, it is permissible

to make a new name by adding the termination _ara_ to the name of a

person connected with the plant concerned (_e.g._ x _Sanderara_ for a

tri-generic orchid hybrid). Before making a new "hybrid generic" name, a

botanist should be consulted, as a Latin description in proper,

botanical form must be provided. It will have been noticed that a

multiplication sign is placed _in front of_ the names of "hybrid

genera," but _after_ the generic name in the case of hybrids within a

single genus; further details on this point are given later.

The _second part_ of the full name of a hybrid is a more tricky

business. It is, as I have said, a collective designation for all the

progeny of the particular cross concerned, and it may take one or all of

three possible forms:--

(1) If the parentage is known, a bare _formula_ consisting of the names

of the parents, in alphabetical order, connected with a multiplication

sign, _e.g._ _Lewisia cotyledon_ x _rediviva_.

(2) A name in Latin form (corresponding to a non-hybrid specific

epithet), preceded by a multiplication sign, _e.g._ _Viburnum_ x

_bodnantense_.

(3) A vernacular phrase containing the word "hybrid," "cross," "grex"

(Latin for flock or group), or other similar word, making evident the

collective nature of the phrase, _e.g._ _Lilium_ 'Bellingham Hybrids.'

Why do we have to have these three different forms for the second part

of the full name, and when, to put it briefly, should we use which?

I must admit that practice on this particular point is as yet by no

means fixed, and no doubt it will be modified considerably during the

next few years, as more horticulturists try to apply the Code to the

groups in which they are interested.

In order to understand the alternatives available, it will be helpful, I

think, to consider first the _third part_ of the full name, as the use

of this, and of the second part, are very closely connected. The third

part, as I have said, is a cultivar-name of a particular form of the

hybrid concerned, and, in the first place, it is extremely important to

realize that _every cultivated hybrid that is considered worth naming at

all should receive a cultivar-name from the outset of its "career,"

even_ _if, at the time, only one form is known, or is considered worth

naming._ To take an actual example, at the time when the new hybrid

_Viburnum_ x _bodnantense_ was described in the _Botanical Magazine_,

only one form, or clone, of it had been "put into circulation," and yet

that single clone was given a cultivar-name, 'Dawn.' The object of doing

this was to be able, in the future, to refer by name to this particular

clone and so avoid confusion with any later, and possibly inferior,

forms of the same cross that might be produced. In the absence of the

name 'Dawn,' less desirable clones could legitimately be passed off

under the collective name _V_. x _bodnantense_ without the acquirer

realising that he was not getting the original and superior form.

Bearing in mind, then, the principle that _all_ cultivated hybrids

should have a third part, cultivar-name, we can turn again to the use of

the various possible designations for the second part listed above. The

choice of designations depends, broadly speaking, on _convenience_, that

is to say, on what, in practice, will be found the most useful method of

referring to the plants concerned. In principle, of course, every hybrid

whose parentage is known has an appropriate formula-designation, and in

certain cases such a formula would be sufficient as a second part

designation without inventing either a Latin name or a vernacular

collective name. For instance, when there are only a very few forms of a

particular cross, it might not be considered necessary to be able to

refer to the forms collectively, and a second part name would not then

be given. For example, _Rubus_ 'Merton Thornless,' when raised, was the

only form of the hybrid _R. rusticanus inermis_ x _thyrsiger_ to be put

into circulation, and it was not given a second part designation other

than the appropriate formula. On the whole, however, it is usually

desirable to have a second part, collective designation, rather than a

formula only. Whether such designation should be a Latin name or a

vernacular phrase, or both, depends on a number of factors which, as I

have said, are not yet fully worked out or appreciated. Broadly

speaking, if there are a large number of cultivars of a particular cross

and these cultivars form a well-marked group, distinct from other hybrid

groups in the genus, it is useful to have a vernacular designation for

general use, _e.g._ 'Bellingham Hybrids' for all cultivars of the cross

_Lilium Humboldtii_ x _pardalinum_. This purpose can, however, be

equally well served by a Latin name, _e.g. Camellia_ x _Williamsii_ for

all cultivars of the cross _C. japonica_ x _saluenensis_. Whichever

method is chosen, two points are of great importance. Firstly, if a

Latin name is given, it _must_ be accompanied by a Latin description.

Secondly a vernacular designation _must_ contain some such word as

Hybrids, Crosses, or the like, to distinguish it from a cultivar-name.

The practice, in some groups, of giving "straight" cultivar-names as

second part collective designations, followed by "var. so-and-so," is

condemned by the Code. Existing names of this kind, however, can easily

be brought into line by adding a word such as Hybrids or Grex to the

old, second part, cultivar-name, and omitting the "var." thus,

_Cattleya_ 'Fabia' var. 'Prince of Wales,' would become _C._ ('Fabia

Grex') 'Prince of Wales' (Grex can he abbreviated to G. if desired).

This alteration may seem over-pedantic, but if, in the naming of

cultivated hybrids, a clear distinction is not kept between second and

third part names, confusion, as I have pointed out, is likely to result.

I will finish this section on the naming of hybrids with one or two

additional points on the correct method of writing their names. Here are

the full names of three cultivated hybrids:--

_Rubus_ (_rusticanus inermis_ X _thyrsiger_) 'Merton Thornless.'

_Camellia_ X _Williamsii_ 'Donation.'

Rose (Hybrid Tea) 'Richmond.'

The following points should be noted:--

(_a_) If a formula or a vernacular designation is used as a second part

name, it should be placed in brackets between the generic name and the

cultivar-name.

(_b_) If a Latin name is used as a second part name, and the hybrid is

between plants belonging to the same genus, a multiplication sign should

be placed between it and the generic name.

(_c_) The third part cultivar-name follows directly on the second part

name and is placed in single quotes, as for cultivar-names of

non-hybrids.

In many contexts it would not be necessary to write the second part name

at all, but if it is omitted, the cultivar-name, strictly speaking,

should be preceded by a multiplication sign, thus: _Camellia_ X

'Donation,' but it would be no great crime to omit it, except perhaps in

technical publications.

3. What Is the "Correct" Name for a Cultivar?

It is a painfully familiar fact that many cultivars are known by more

than one name, and that many cultivar-names have been applied to more

than one cultivar--although the position is not so bad as it is in the

case of botanical names! This multiplication of names is the inevitable

result of many people naming many plants over a period of many years. It

is a situation which we must accept and do our best to mitigate. The

Code has a number of necessarily rather complicated provisions aiming at

selecting the correct name for any cultivar. These provisions are

important mainly to the comparatively few horticulturists and botanists

who take on the unenviable job of sorting out the nomenclature of

cultivated plants, though the results of their labours affect us all.

The rules are set out fully in the Code, and here I will attempt only to

pick out one or two of the more important.

The Code lays down two basic principles; though, as we shall see, these

may be modified if undesirable name-changing can be avoided thereby.

(_a_) No name can be used if it does not conform to the various rules

laid down in the Code (including proper publication of the name, with a

description).

(_b_) If there are two or more names that conform with the Code, then

the _earliest_ name is the correct one; this is known technically as the

principle of priority.

Now, obviously, as happens with botanical names, the strict application

of priority might mean that a universally used name--say, Plum

'Victoria'--would have to be given up and replaced by a completely

unknown one. This is unthinkable, and, as in the Botanical Code, there

are clauses to prevent it happening. With cultivar-names, however, there

is a particular complication, which does not apply to botanical names.

The latter are all in Latin, whereas cultivar-names may be in many

languages. This means that a cultivar, raised in one country under a

name acceptable in that country, may be introduced into another country

where the original name is quite unpronounceable or otherwise

unsuitable. A new name is, of course, immediately invented by the

introducer, and clearly, in many cases, it is useless to try to make the

second country adopt the earlier, strictly correct, but unsuitable name.

The Code, therefore, allows the retention of the second name as what it

calls a "commercial synonym." Thus, Rose 'Permanent Wave' is a

commercial synonym in the United States for the Rose raised in Holland

as 'Mevrouw van Straaten van Nes.' In any formal list of Roses, both

names should be given, together with any other commercial synonyms that

may exist. The coining of commercial synonyms is not, of course, to be

encouraged, and should only be done if the original name is clearly

unsuitable for the new country. Frequently names are translated or

transliterated when a cultivar is introduced into another country, and

such a translation or transliteration is not regarded in the Code as a

_new_ name, but as the original name in another form; no difficulty,

therefore, arises as to priority in these particular cases.

Perhaps the most important section of the whole Code deals with the

_Registration_ of cultivar-names. In certain groups (_e.g._ Daffodils)

international registration schemes already exist, and it is urged that

further schemes, covering all important groups of cultivated plants,

should be established as soon as possible. The function of such

authorities would consist, primarily, of (1) registering new names and

ensuring that they are in accordance with the Code, and (2) preparing,

and keeping up to date, lists of cultivars in their groups. In addition,

the authorities would choose a particular publication as the

"starting-point" of the nomenclature in the group (so as to avoid

dipping too deeply into the past in search of ever earlier

cultivar-names), and would act as arbiters when a decision has to be

made between two or more widely used names for the same cultivar. There

is no doubt in the minds of those responsible for the Code that the

existence of internationally trusted and respected registration

authorities would do more than anything else to stabilize and simplify

the naming of cultivated plants. It will obviously take some time before

authorities can be set up for all--or even the majority--of important

groups, but the International Committee is doing its best to push ahead

quickly with this very important side of their work.

At the end of the Code there are sections dealing with certain special

categories such as re-selected and improved cultivars, con-varieties,

clones, apomicts and line-hybrids, which are of interest mainly to

specialists in breeding and taxonomic work on cultivated plants.

I hope I have said enough, in this short article, to convince readers of

the JOURNAL that the Code is of some interest to them if they want to

use the names of plants so that other gardeners, both here and abroad

can understand what they mean. The next step is to read the Code

itself--first the Summary and then the full text that follows it. No

doubt many who do so will be put off at first by the somewhat legal

language used. One can only repeat the time-honoured defence by lawyers

when similarly attacked--that to avoid ambiguity experience has shown

that a certain amount of jargon is necessary! We have tried hard, in the

Code, to keep it to a minimum.

The International Committee is anxious to receive suggestions for

improving the Code, so that they can be discussed at the next

Horticultural Congress. All such suggestions should be sent to the

Secretary of the Committee (DR. H. R. FLETCHER), c/o The Royal

Horticultural Society, Vincent Square, London, S.W.1.

In the Historical Introduction to the Code (written by MR. W. T. STEARN,

Secretary of the International Committee, during the production of the

Code), Fellows of The Royal Horticultural Society will note, I trust

with pride, the important part played by their Society, in cooperation

with many other bodies and individuals in many parts of the world, in

the preparation, drafting and publication of the Code. I hope that they

will feel it their not unpleasant duty to make themselves and others

familiar with the provisions of the Code, to follow its rules and

recommendations when they use the names of cultivated plants, and to let

the Secretary of the Committee know how they think it might be improved.

Article I of the Code states that its aim is "to promote uniformity,

accuracy and fixity ... with the minimum disturbance of existing

nomenclature"--an aim surely close to the heart of every Fellow of The

Royal Horticultural Society.

I am grateful to MR. A. SIMMONDS, MR. W. T. STEARN AND MR. P. M. SYNGE

for help in the preparation of this article.

[Illustration: Exhibit at the Harvest Show of the Massachusetts

Horticultural Society--Boston, Mass. October, 1953.]

Attendance Register, Rochester, N. Y., 1953

Ontario, Canada

L. K. Devitt, Toronto

Connecticut

Paul C. Daniels, Lakeville

Arthur H. Graves, Wallingford

District of Columbia

Beth Ford, Washington

Mr. & Mrs. E. L. Ford, Washington

Miss Gretta Wilson, Washington

Georgia

Lou Kahn, Albany

Mr. & Mrs. Wm. J. Wilson, Fort Valley

Illinois

Mr. & Ms. R. B. Best, Eldred

C. R. Blyth, Urbana

J. C. McDaniel, Urbana

Mr. & Mrs. Royal Oakes, Bluffs

Indiana

John Andrews, Marion

Mr. & Mrs. Ralph Andrews, Marion

Mr. & Mrs. K. Dooley, Marion

Ray Kaufman, Peru

E. W. Pape, Marion

Carl Prell, South Bend

Ford Wallick, Peru

J. F. Wilkinson, Rockport

Iowa

Roy E. Ferguson, Center Point

E. F. Huen, Eldora

Ira M. Kyhl, Sabula

Wm. Rohrbacher, Iowa City

D. C. Snyder, Center Point

Maryland

Dr. & Mrs. H. L. Crane, Hyattsville

C. T. David, College Park

Dr. G. F. Gravatt, Beltsville

Dr. & Mrs. J. W. McKay & family, College Park

Mr. & Mrs. Herbert Negus, Hyattsville

Mrs. C. A. Reed, Takoma Park

Massachusetts

Mr. & Mrs. Andrew Kerr, Plymouth

Michigan

Mrs. Alpha Allen, Jackson

Howard Allen, Jackson

Gilbert Becker, Climax

W. M. Beckert, Jackson

R. M. Burr, Ann Arbor

F. J. Keplinger, Farwell

G. J. Korn, Kalamazoo

New Jersey

P. H. Cox, Bloomfield

New York

Mr. & Mrs. Victor Brook, Rochester

Ernest Brooks, Monroe

Wm. G. Brooks, Monroe

David Caldwell, Syracuse

Mrs. L. M. Caldwell, Canastota

Mrs. S. H. Graham, Ithaca

Prof. L. H. MacDaniels, Ithaca

Mr. & Mrs. George Salzer, Rochester

Rodman Salzer, Rochester

George Slate, Geneva

Jay L. Smith, Chester

Dr. Mary B. Spahr, Ithaca

North Carolina

W. J. Ellis, Advance

Ohio

George E. Craig, Dundas

Mr. & Mrs. John Davidson, Xenia

Barbara and Doris Dowell, Massillon

Dr. & Mrs. L. L. Dowell, Massillon

John A. Gerstenmaier, Massillon

Dr. & Mrs. Edward A. Grad, Cincinnati

Frank M. Kintzel, Cincinnati

Shumzo Kodera, Columbus & Tokyo, Japan

Mr. & Mrs. P. E. Machovina & Family, Columbus

Christ Pataky, Mansfield

Mr. & Mrs. Raymond Silvis, Massillon

Wm, C. Silvis, Massillon

Mr. & Mrs. A. W. Weaver, Toledo

Emmet Yoder, Smithville

Pennsylvania

R. P. Allaman, Harrisburg

Wm. S. Clarke, Jr., State College

Mrs. Helen Davis, Allentown

Mr. & Mrs. E. B. Miller, Hazelton

John Rick, Reading

Mr. & Mrs. Wm. S. Weaver, Macungie

Tennessee

Roy Chase, Knoxville

Spencer B. Chase, Knoxville

Virginia

Jesse O. Diller, Arlington

Mr. & Mrs. H. R. Gibbs & Family, Linden

Mr. & Mrs. H. F. Stoke, Roanoke

West Virginia

R. W. Pease, Morgantown

Wisconsin

L. W. Coulson, Slinger

Northern Nut Growers Association

Membership List

October 1, 1952, to September 30, 1953

*Life member

**Honorary member

Sec.Contributing member

+Sustaining member

ALABAMA

+Hiles, Edward L., Hiles Repair Shop, Loxley

Long, Pope M., Box 33, Cordova

ARKANSAS

Croley, Victor A., Route 4, Box 45, Green Forest

Crozier, O. N., Route 2, Searcy

Schlan, Mrs. Agnes, Route 2, Mountainburg

Sibley, Mrs. J. W., Sulphur Springs

Vaile, Joseph E., Dept. of Horticulture, University of Arkansas,

Fayetteville

Wade, Clifton, Forest Ave., Fayetteville

Wylie, W. D., Dept. of Entomology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville

BELGIUM

Vanderwaeren, R., Horticultural Adviser, Bierbeekstraat 217, Korbeek-Lo

CALIFORNIA

Andrew, Col. James W., Box 12, Hamilton, A. F. B.

Bridges, Mrs. H. G., R. F. D. No. 4, Box 60, Tulore

+Buck, E. H., 16 N. Portola, Three Arch Bay, South Laguna

Darling, Mrs. Leah, Wilsona Route, Box 313, Lancaster

Fowler, Floyd L., Route 2, Box 5636B, Redding

Fulcher, E. C., 5707 Fulcher Ave., North Hollywood

Gililland, Guy S., L. V. S. R. Box 342, Lucerne Valley

+Haig, Dr. Thomas R., 3021 Highland Drive, Route 2, Box 2357, Carlsbad

Jeffers, Chaplain Harold W., U. S. N. A. S., Los Alamitos, Long Beach

+Kemple, W. H., 216 W. Ralston St., Ontario

Pentler, Dr. C. F., 1322 Martin Ave., Palo Alto

Pozzi, P. H., 2875 S. Dutton Ave., Santa Rosa

+Serr, Dr. E. F., Agricultural Experiment Station, Davis

Stewart, Douglas N., 633 F Street, Davis

Welby, Harry S., 500 Buchanan St., Taft

CANADA

Blyth, Donald, Blythwood Farm, Guelph, Ontario

Clarkson, A. G., R. R. 1, Islington, Ontario

Collens, Adam H., 42 Seaton St., Toronto 2, Ontario

Devitt, L. K., 409 Armadale Ave., Toronto, Ontario

English, H. A., Box 153, Duncan, British Columbia

Gellatly, J. U., Box 19, Westbank, British Columbia

Harrhy, Ivor H., Route 7, St. Thomas, Ontario

Henderson, George, R. R. No. 7, Guelph, Ontario

Holmes, B. T., 320 Deloraine Ave., Toronto, Ontario

Housser, Levi, Route 1, Beamsville, Ontario

Kimmerly, Fred A., R. R. No. 3, Cottam, Ontario

Kimmerly, Haven E., R. R. No. 2, Harrow, Ontario

+Lefevre, H. E., 354 St. Catharine St., East; Montreal 18, Quebec

Lossing, Elgin, Norwich, Ontario

*Neilson, Mrs. Ellen, 5 Macdonald Ave, Guelph, Ontario

Papple, Elton E., Route 1, Cainsville, Ontario

Porter, Gordon, R. R. No. 2, Harrow, Ontario

Sheppard, H. H., Box 46, Queenston, Ontario

Smith, Edward A., Box 6, Sparta, Ontario

+Snazelle, Robert, Forest Nursery, Route 5, Charlottetown, Prince Edward

Island

Trayling, E. J., 509 Richard St., Vancouver, British Columbia

Wagner, A. S., Delhi, Ontario

+Walker, J. W., McCarthy & McCarthy, 330 University Ave., Toronto 1,

Ontario

Wharton, H. W., Route 2, Guelph, Ontario

White, Peter, 30 Pear Ave., Toronto 5, Ontario

Willis, A. R., Route 1, Royal Oak, Vancouver Island, British Columbia

Young, A. L., Brooks, Alberta

COLORADO

Boyd, A., 1232 Clayton, Denver

+Forbes, J. E., Julesburg

Lieb, Mrs. Henry H., 3195 Gray St., Denver

McKinstry, Blair G., Julesburg

Morrison, Mrs. Doris E., Carr

Stoll, Harland, 3070 Pierce, Denver 14

CONNECTICUT

Ayling, Mrs. Charles L., Foothills, Washington

Bennett, George S., Southbury

Corcoran, H. F., The International Silver Co., 169 Colony St., Meriden

David, Alexander M., 480 S. Main St., West Hartford

Deming, Miss Charlotte, P. O. Box 403, Litchfield

Deming, Hawthorne, Hamilton Lane, Darien

**Deming, Dr. W. C, Litchfield

Frueh, Alfred J., Route 1, Sharon

+Graves, Dr. Arthur H., P. O. Box 129, Wallingford

Grebosky, Joseph L.'s Nursery, 50 Taylor Ave., South Norwalk 17

Hapgood, Miss Dorothy A., 745 Farmington Ave., West Hartford

Henry, David S., Blue Hills Farm, Route 2, Wallingford

Howe, Mrs. Paul, Umpawang Hill, R. F. D. No. 1, West Redding

*Huntington, A. M., Stanerigg Farms, Bethel

King, Mrs. Una, 57 Meadowbrook Road, West Hartford

Newcomer, Dr. Earl, Storrs

*Newmarker, Adolph, R. R. No. 1, Rockville

Nienstaedt, Dr. Hans, Conn. Agr., Expt. Station, P. O. Box 1106,

New Haven 4

Pratt, George D., Jr., Bridgewater

Schukoske, John A., Route 2, Box 257, Saybrook Road, Middletown

White, George E., R. R. No. 2, Andover

DELAWARE

Brugmann, Elmer W., 108C Thomas Drive, Monroe Park, Wilmington

Keller, Walt C., Rice Farms, Felton

+Logue, R. F., General Manager, Andelot, Inc., 2098 du Pont Building,

Wilmington

DENMARK

Butzow, O., 49 Bredgade, Copenhagen

Grandjean, Julio, Hillerod

Knuth, Count F. M., Knuthenborg, Bandholm

Reventlow, Johan Otto, Damgaard, Fredericia

Sorenson, Director K. Kaae, Dyrehavevej 22, Klampenborg

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

American Potash Institute, Inc., 1102 16th St., N. W., Washington

Curtis, Miss Diane, 1903 Kalorama Road, N. W., Washington

Ford, Edwin L., 3634 Austin St., S. E., Washington 20

+Hale, A. C., FOA-STEM to Thailand, c/o Dept. of State Mail Room,

Washington, D. C.

Reed, Mrs. Clarence A., 7309 Piney Branch Road, Washington 12

Woycik, Dr. Peter W., 1835 Eye St., N. W., Washington

ECUADOR

Daniels, The Honorable Paul C., American Ambassador, Quito

O'Rourke, Prof. F. L., Tropical Agr. Expt. Station, Pichilinque,

c/o U. S. Consul, Guaycil

ENGLAND

Wood, J. F., Moor Orchard, North Honiton, Devon

FLORIDA

+Avant, C. A., 960 N. W. Tenth Ave., Miami

+Estill, Miss Gertrude, 153 Navarre Drive, Miami Springs

+Holmes, Harry A., P. O. Box 323, Boca Raton

GEORGIA

Bixler, Dr. H. H., 134 Superior Ave., Decatur

Cannon, J. W., Jr., Box 388, Cordele

R. E. Funsten Co., Arthur O. Sandison, P. O. Box 1046, Albany

Gibbs, Robert I., 1007 Clifton Road, N. E., Atlanta 6

+Hardy, Max B., Leeland Farms, P. O. Box 128, Leesburg

Hunter, Dr. H. Reid, 561 Lakeshore Drive N. E., Atlanta

Kahn, Lou, P. O. Box 1046, Albany

Noland, S. C., Skyland Farms, Box 1747, Atlanta 1

Sasseville, Ezra, M., 605 Rhodes Building, Atlanta

Wallace, Clifford L., Route 1, Riverdale

Wilson, William J., North Anderson Ave., Fort Valley

HAWAII

Keaau Orchard, John F. Cross, Manager, Hilo

HONG KONG

Wang, P. W., China Prod. Trading Corp., 6 Des Voeux Road

IDAHO

+Bailey, Robert G., 332 Main St., Lewiston

Clarkson, Ernest V., R. F. D. No. 2, Jerome

Dryden, Lynn, Peck

Hazelbaker, Calvin, Rt. 2, Box 382, Lewiston

Horn, Anton S., 920 N. 20th St., Boise

Ingle, Jack, Mountain Home

Kindall, Mrs. Leslie L., Route 3, Boise

ILLINOIS

Allbright, R. D., Allbright Nurseries, 4287 Western Ave., Western Springs

Allen, Theodore R., R. R. No. 1, Delevan

Anderson, Ralph W., R. F. D. No. 3, Morris

+Anthony, A. B., Route No. 3, Sterling

Armel, Eli, R. F. D. No. 3, Mount Sterling

Baber, Adin, Kansas

Ballard, Thomas E., Rural Route, Carrollton

Barrow, J. M., P. O. Box 209, Urbana

Sec.Best, R. B., Columbiana Seed Co., Eldred

Best, Mrs. R. B., Columbiana Seed Co., Eldred

Best, Richard C., Eldred

Best, Robert L., Eldred

Best, Virgil, R. R. No. 4, Mattoon

Blaine, Homer H., 901 White Oak Road, Bloomington

+Blyth, Colin R., Mathematics Dept., University of Illinois, Urbana

*Boll, Herschel L., 2 Horticultural Field Laboratory, University of

Illinois, Urbana

Booth, Earl, R. F. D. No. 2, Carrollton

Borchsenius, Wayne L., R. F. D. No. 2, Sheridan

Brock, Arthur S., 1733 N. McVicker Ave., Chicago 39

Canterbury, C. E., Cantrall

Carlson, Dr. R. J., 320 Sherman Ave., Macomb

Carvel, Mayo, R. F. D. No. 1, Golconda

Chandler, S. C., 607 W. College St., Carbondale

Churchill, Woodford M., 4323 Oakenwald Ave., Chicago 15

Clark, Thomas F., Northern Regional Research Laboratory, Peoria

Colby, Dr. Arthur S., Department of Horticulture, University of Illinois,

Urbana

Corzine, Troy F., Dongola

Crabb, Richard, Box 306, Wheaton

+Dahlberg, Albert A., D. D. S., 5756 Harper Aw., Chicago 37.

+Daum, Philip A., 203 N. Sixth St., Carrollton

Deaner, Willard G., R. F. D. No. I, Mendota

Decker, Honas H., R. F. D., Rutland

Diener, Menno A., Route 2, Lovington

Dietrich, Ernest, Route No. 2, Dundas

Dintleman, L. F., State Street Road, Belleville

Dopheide, Henry A., 1331 Jackson St., Quincy

Eigsti, Dr. O. J., Funk Brothers Seed Co., Bloomington

Floreth, W. H., Carrollton

Fordtran, E. H., Route No. 3, Box 92, Palatine

Frey, Frank H., 2315 West 108th Place, Chicago 43

Frey, Mrs. Frank H., 2315 West 108th Place, Chicago 43

+Fuller, Owen H., 1005 Oneida St., Joliet

Gerardi, Louis, Route No. 1, Caseyville

Gettings, William A., R. R. No. 1, Eldred

Glidden, Nansen, West Lincoln Highway, De Kalb

Govaia, R. M., O. D. Room 19, Greer Block, Vandalia

Graham, George W., Rural Route, Carrollton

Grefe, Ben, Route No. 4, Box 22, Nashville

Griffith, Chris, West Filmore St., R. F. D., Vandalia

Hall, E. L., R. F. D. No. 1, Drew Ave., Hinsdale

Hall, William A., M. D., 217 Pacific Road, Forrestal Village, North

Chicago

Hazelwood, Everett, Hillview

Sec.Heberlein, Edwin W., Route No. 1, Box 72A, Roscoe

Helmle, Mrs. Herman C., 526 S. Grand Ave., W., Springfield

+Hockenyos, G. L., 213 E. Jefferson St., Springfield

Howard, Frank S., Rollins Road at Melrose, Route No. 1, Round Lake

Hoyle, Mrs. B. G., McNabb

Illyes, Dr. R. O., 1302 Lexington Ave., Lawrenceville

+Junck, Adolph E., Route No. 1, Jerseyville

Kammarmeyer, Glenn, 1711 E. 67th St., Chicago 49

+Kreider, Ralph, Jr., Route No. 1, Hammond

Krug, Carl B., Route No. 2, El Paso

Kruse, William, c/o Honey Lee Apiaries, Godfrey

Laatz, Mrs. Lenore, R. F. D. No. 3, Morris

Langdoc, Mrs. Mildred Jones, P. O. Box 136, Erie

Leighton, L. C., Arthur

+Marsh, Victor W., Aledo

Marsh, Mrs. W. V., Route No. 2, Aledo

Massey, Paul E., Box 202, Caseyville

McDaniel, J. C., 104 Horticultural Field Laboratory, University of

Illinois, Urbana

McDaniel, J. C., Jr., 1203 W. California Ave., Urbana

McKee, Mrs. Myrtice, Mount Morris

Mohr, Victor C., Route No. 1, Box 21, Dallas City

+Musgrave, Carl, 5200 S. Laflin St., Chicago 9

Newman, Roy, P. O. Box 51, Martinsviile

Sec.Oakes, Royal, Bluffs

+Opat, Joseph C., Opat Chinchilla Fur Ranch, R. R. No. 3, Hinsdale

Peers, Frank B., Box 321, Highland Park

Pierson, Stuart E., Carrollton

Pond, Merton, Bluffs

Raab, Irvin M., R. R. No. 4, Belleville

Reid, Robert J., 1137 Winona St., Chicago 40

+Reisch, Louis C., Route No. 4, Carrollton

Richie, Robert E., Carrollton

Robbins, W. J., 885 N. LaSalle St., Chicago 10

Schmisseur, L. R., Caseyville

Schubert, Kenneth, Route No. 1, Millstadt

Seng, Charles W. & Son, 920 Lafayette Ave., Box 247, Mattoon

Sokolowski, F. W., M. D. 2503 Donald Ave., Alton

+Sonnemann, W. F., Experimental Gardens, Vandalia

Sparks, Maurice E., 1508 Ash, Lawrenceville

Spencer, H. Dwight, 275 W. Decatur St., Decatur

Tucker, Lowell R., 607 W. Mill St., Carbondale

Twenhafel, Paul, Gorham

Ullrich, W. D., 108 W. McClure, Peoria 5

Vogt, William G., Greene County National Bank Bldg., Carrollton

Voiles, William, Eldred

Vortman, Elmer, Route No. 1, Bluffs

Wahle, Fred, Route No. 1, Fieldon

Whitford, A. M., Farina

Wright, William W., 101 Taylor St., Vandalia

Young, Mrs. Hugh E., Maple Springs Farm, R. F. D., Ashton

Zethmayr, Gordon, Route No. 1, Box 130, West Chicago

INDIANA

Andrew, John, Matter Park Road, Marion

+Andrew, Ralph, Matter Park Road, Marion

Aster Nut Products Co., Inc., George Oberman, Manager, 1004 Main St.,

Evansville 8

Babcock, Dan, R. R. No. 14, Box 342, Indianapolis 44

Barnhart, M. A., Delphi

Bauer, Paul J., 123 S. 29th St., Lafayette

Bird, E. C., 160 Federal Building, South Bend

Boller, G. Evert, Route No. 6, Box 101, Marion

Bolten, Fred, Route No. 3, Linton

Boyer, Clyde C., Nabb

Buchner, Dr. Doster, 533 W. Washington Boulevard, Fort Wayne 2

+Clark, C. M., C. M. Clark & Sons Nurseries, Route No. 2, Middletown

Cole, Charles W., Jr., Madison Road, Route No. 6, Box 112A, Marion

Cunningham, Earl E., 612 E. 4th St., Anderson

Deeg, E. E., R. R. No. 9, Koring Road, Evansville

Doeden, Johan, R. F. D. No. 4, Attica

+Dooley, Kenneth A., Route No. 2, Marion

Dougherty, Paul B., 4319 S. Harmon St., Marion

Eagles, A. E., The Eagles Orchards, Wolcottville

+Fateley, Nolan W., 26 Central Ave., Franklin

Glaser, Peter, Route No. 9, Box 328, Koering Road, Evansville

+Grater, A. E., Route No. 2, Shipshewana

Gross, Mrs. Margaret E., 808 Fenton Road, Marion

Harrell, Franklin M., Route No. 1, Griffith

Sec.Hirschman, J. Clifton, 4141 E. 62nd St., Indianapolis 20

Jasperson, Marion E., R. R. No. 5, Box 55, Indianapolis 3

Johnson, Raymond M., 8605 Manderiey Drive, Indianapolis

Kaufman, Ray, Route No. 4, Peru

Kem, Dr. Charles E., R. R. No. 3, Box 52, Richmond

Kenworthy, Owen, R. F. D. No. 3, Crown Point

Kestle, Margaret K., John Deere Store, Winamac

Kyburz, Benjamin E., Route No. 1, Idaville

La Rue, A. R., Box 147, Bloomington

Layman, J. C., R. F. D. No. 1, Peru

Lennon, Robert E., R. R. No. 1, Warren

Letsinger, J. E., 1202 Lower Huntington Road, Fort Wayne 6

Lukemeyer, Edwin J., 825 Line St., Evansville

Moldenhauer, Carl J., R. R. No. 7, Huntington

Neimeyer, Harry D., West Lebanon

Newman, Jesse D., Jr., R. R. No. 2, Culver

Oare, William T., 650 Associate Building, South Bend 1.

Palmer, Frank, Jr., 1011 Donmoyer, South Bend

+Pape, Edward W., Route No. 2, Marion

Sec.Prell, Carl F., 1414 E. Colfax Ave., South Bend 17

Randolph, Frederick F., Route No. 1, Edinburg

Reed, Frank, Route No. 1, Box 227, Daleville

Rehm, Walter T., R. R. No. 4, Logansport

Richards, E. E., 2912 York Road, South Bend

Risko, A., Tioga Orchards, Monticello

Rodenbeck, Miss Ruby, R. R. No. 2, Losantville

+Russell, A. M., Jr., 2721 Marine St., South Bend 14

Schram, Emil, Route No. 1, Peru

Schreiber, Ralph, 245 Cherry St., New Albany

Shafer, John, Jr., 3031 N. Roselawn Drive, Logansport

Shannon, Charles, R. F. D. No. 2, Box 324, Greenwood

Skinner, Dr. Charles H., Route No. 1, Thorntown

Sly, Miss Barbara, Route No. 3, Rockport

Sly, Donald R., Route No. 3, Rockport

Sly, Miss Lucinda Beth, Route No. 3, Rockport

Summers, Floyd, R. F. D., No. 2, Box 68, Winchester

Talbott, John E., R. F. D. No. 3, Linton

Sec.Wallick, Ford, Route No. 4, Peru

Ward, W. B., Horticulture Building, Purdue University, Lafayette

Welton, Forrest O., R. F. D. No. 1, Burns City

+Westerhouse, George F., East Ohio St., Monticello

Wichman, Robert P., Route No. 3, Washington

Wilkinson, J. F., Indiana Nut Nursery, Route No. 3, Rockport

Wittick, Eugene C., Route No. 4, Box 68A, Valparaiso

Wood, Darl F., 201 Miami Club Drive, Mishawaka

Woodward, Howard, Route No. 3, Syracuse

IOWA

Berhow, Seward, Berhow Nurseries, Huxley

Bird, C. A., Box 66, Odebolt

Boice, R. H., Route No. 1, Nashua

Cole, Edward P., 419 Chestnut St., Atlantic

Eads, Carroll, R. F. D., Miles

Eller, W. E., Eldora

Ferguson, Albert B., Center Point

+Ferris, Wayne, Hampton

Goettler, Fred, R. F. D. No. 1, Bellevue

Goodwin, William T., 1121 S. Riverside Drive, Iowa City

Gray, Kenny, Sabula

Greig, John E., Box 157, Estherville

Hoke, Russell O., Route No. 2, Anamosa

Huen, E. F., Eldora

+Inter-State Nurseries, Hamburg

+Kaser, Mrs. J. D., Winterset

Kern, Dr. W. R., 741 Rundell St., Iowa City

Kosek, Frank J., 87 Sixteenth Ave., S. W., Cedar Rapids

Kyhl, Ira M., Box 236, Sabula

Lysinger, Addison, Lamoni

+Martzahn, Frank A., Route No. 1, Davenport

McLeran, Harold F., Mount Pleasant

Meyer, Clemens, Route No. 1, West Union

Neprash, Bob, Nursery, Route No. 3, Cedar Rapids 5

Orr, J. Allen, 4000 West Fourth St., Sioux City 3

Rohrbacher, Dr. William, 811 E. College St., Iowa City

Schlagenbusch Brothers, Route No. 2, Fort Madison

Snyder, D. C., Center Point

Steffen, R. F., P. O. Box 1302, Sioux City 2

+Wade, Miss Ida May, Route No. 3, La Porte City

Welch, G. L., Mount Arbor Nurseries, Shenandoah

+White, Herbert L., Box 264, Woodbine

+White, Rev. L. P., Greeley

Williams, R. Alan, 1990 Eighth Ave., Marion

Williams, Wendell V., Route No. 1, Dansville

JAPAN

Deming, Olcott, U. S. Embassy, Tokyo

Yamato Seed & Implement Co., Tokyo

Yoshizaki, Chiaki, 17 Ichi Bancho Chiyodaku, Tokyo

(International Collaboration of Farmers Association)

KANSAS

Baker, Fred C., Troy

Borst, Frank E., 1704 Shawnee St., Leavenworth

Sec.Breidenthal, Willard J., Riverview State Bank, Box 296; 7th

and Central, Kansas City

Funk, M. D., 600 W. Paramore St., Topeka

Gray, Dr. Clyde, 1015 Central Ave., Horton

Harris, Ernest, Box 20, Wellsville

Jackson, Walter, Osage City

Leavenworth Nurseries, Carl Holman, Proprietor, Route No. 3, Leavenworth

Mondero, John, Lansing

+Pittser, L. R., Oswego

Stanley, G. E., 235 Ward Parkway, Kansas City

Starke, M. F., Hawthorne Place, Hiawatha

Thielenhaus, W. F., Route No. 1, Buffalo

Underwood, Jay, Riverside Nursery, Uniontown

+Wales, Max, 1534 Macvicar St., Topeka

KENTUCKY

Alves, Robert H., 302 Clay St., Henderson

Armstrong, W. D., Western Kentucky Experiment Station, Princeton

Collier, Leroy, 1514 Smallhouse Road, Bowling Green

R. E. Funsten Co., Robert Walker, P. O. Box 142, Henderson

Hopson, J. R., Route No. 2, Cadiz

Magill, W. W., Horticulture Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington

+Miller, Julien C., 220 Sycamore Drive, Paducah

Moss, Dr. C. A., Box 237, Williamsburg

+Rouse, Sterling, Route No. 1, Box 70, Florence

Siler, Robert W., Box 241, Williamsburg

Stone, Dr. Thomas, Mayfield

Taliaferro, Philip, Box 85, Erlanger

Tatum, W. G., Route No. 4, Lebanon

Usrey, Robert, Star Route, Mayfield

Widmer, Dr. Nelson D., Lebanon

Yost, John M., Pikeville

LOUISIANA

Crow, John, R. F. D., Coushatta

Hammar, Dr. Harald E., U. S. D. A. Chemical Laboratory, 606 Court House,

Shreveport 47

Lowrey, Brunner E., P. O. Box 168, Mansfield

Perrault, Mrs. Henry D., Route No. 1, Box 13, Natchitoches

Smith, Dr. C. L., U. S. D. A. Pecan Laboratory, 607 Court House,

Shreveport 47

MAINE

Hamilton, Mrs. Benjamin P., Waterboro, York County

MARYLAND

Barrett, Harvey E., P. E. 17 Maple Ave., Catonsville 28

Berry, Frederick H., Div. of Forest Pathology, Plant Industry Station,

Beltsville

Crane, Dr. H. L., U. S. D. A., Plant Industry Station, Beltsville

Dengler, Harry William, Extension Forester, University of Maryland,

College Park

Diller, Dr. Jesse D., U. S. D. A., Plant Industry Station, Beltsville

+Eastern Shore Nurseries, Inc., P. O. Box 743, Easton

Sec.Gravatt, Dr. G. F., Div. of Forest Pathology, U. S. D. A., Plant Industry

Station, Beltsville

Hughes, Clinton K., Potomac Ave., Braddock Heights

Jones, George R., R. F. D. No. 2, Aberdeen

Kaan, Dr. Helen W., 8335 Grubb Road, Silver Spring

Kemp, Homer S., Bountiful Ridge Nurseries, Princess Anne

McKay, Dr. J. W., Plant Industry Station, Beltsville

+Negus, Mrs. Herbert, 5031 55th Ave., Roger Heights

+Porter, John J., 1199 The Terrace, Hagerstown

Rayner Brothers, Salisbury

+Shamer, Dr. Maurice E., 3300 West North Ave., Baltimore 16

Swipp, Stanley W., 4218 71st Ave., Landover Hills

MASSACHUSETTS

Babbitt, Howard S. 221 Dawes Ave., Pittsfield

Barthelmes, George A., Route No. 1, Leicester

+Bradbury, Rear Admiral H. G., Hospital Point, Beverly

Brooks, Henry H., Boxboro

Brown, Daniel L., Esq., 60 State Street, Boston

+Bump, Albert H., P. O. Box 275, Brewster

+Davenport, S. Lothrop, 24 Creeper Hill Road, North Grafton

Desfarges, Osias J., Granby

+Faulkner, Luther W., R. F. D., Westford

Fitts, Walter H., 39 Baker St., Foxboro

+Ganz, Robert Norton, M. D., 262 Beacon St., Boston

Gardner, E. E., Box C, Station A, Boston 18

Kendall, Henry P., Moose Hill Farm, Sharon

+Kerr, Andrew, Lock Box 242, Barnstable

La Beau, Henry A., North Hoosac Road, Williamstown

Lincoln, Roger N., 8 Stagecoach Road, Ware

Rice, Horace J., 515 Main St., Wilbraham

*Russell, Mrs. Newton H., 12 Burnett Ave., South Hadley

Stewart, O. W., 75 Milton. Ave., Hyde Park 36

Vance, Robert G., M. D., 262 Beacon St., Boston 16

Viera, Manuel, Main Street, Vineyard Haven

+Wellman, Sargent H., Esq., Windridge, Topfield

Wood, Miss Louise B., Pocasset, Cape Cod

York, Stanley E., 480 Branch St., Mansfield

MICHIGAN

Allen, Howard H., 2925 Francis Street, Jackson

Andersen, Charles, Route 2, Box 236, Scottville

Armstrong, Robert J., M. D., Oak Shadows Farm, Route 8, Box 83, Kalamazoo

Auringer, Mrs. Gjertine T., 4441 Steward Road, Metamora

Barlow, Alfred L., 13079 Flanders Ave., Detroit 5

+Becker, Gilbert, Climax

Becker, John Andrew, Climax

+Beckert, W. M., Michigan Dept. of Conservation, 408 Kalamazoo Plaza,

Lansing 33.

Biackwell, Norman A., 17 Oakdale Boulevard, Pleasant Ridge

Boylan, P. B., Route No. 1, Cloverdale

Breitmeyer, Howard T., 12955 Dale Ave., Detroit 23

Bruce, Stanford P., 4016 Kendall, Detroit 38

Bumler, Malcolm, 2500 Dickerson, Detroit 15

Burgart, Harry, Michigan Nut Nursery, Box 33, Union City

Burgess, E. H., Burgess Seed & Plant Co., 67 E. Battle Creek St.,

Galesburg

Burr, Redmond M., 320 S. Fifth Ave., Ann Arbor

Chester, Dr. William P., 742 Maccabees Building, Detroit 2

Corsan, H. H., Route No. 1, Hillsdale

+Dennison, Clare, 4224 Avery, Detroit 8

+Desmet, Mrs. Agnes, 14450 Houston Ave., Detroit 5

Dillow, Harold R., P. O. Box 479, Franklin

Driver, Louis, 9151 Silverside Drive, Silver Lake, South Lyon

Dronka, Joseph, 19256 Gable St., Detroit 34

Emerson, Ralph W., 161 Cortland Ave., Highland Park 3

Goodfellow, James, Secord Lake Road, Leonard

+Grindstaff, Mary I. Haynes, 1309 Jones Drive, Ann Arbor

Groos, Alfred P., Route No. 1, Gladstone

Hagelshaw, W. J., Route No. 1, Box 394, Galesburg

+Hay, Francis H., Ivanhoe Place, Lawrence

Hubbard, William G., Box 146, Hudsonville

Johnson, Leonard A., 620 E. Buno Road, Route 3, Milford

Keplinger, Frank J., Farwell

Klarr, Mrs. B. L., R. R. No. 2, West Nine Mile Road, Northville

Klever, Edward F., Route No. 2, Grant

Korn, G. J., R. D. No. 2, Dorr

Krueger, Henry R., South River Road, St. Clair

Law, Joseph W., North Branch

Lee, Michael, P. O. Box 16, Milford

Lemke, Edwin W., 62277 Campground Road, Washington

Long, Louis C., 6117 State Road, Goodrich

Maycock, Harry J., 580 Fairground St., Plymouth

Michigan Nut Growers Association, A. J. Barlow, Secretary, 13079

Flanders Ave., Detroit 5

+Miller, Louis, 417 N. Broadway, Cassopolis

Nitschke, Robert A., Tilbury Place, Birmingham

Prushek, E., Route No. 3, Niles

Ricky, Lowell L., 1009-A Birch St., East Lansing

Riopel, Mrs. Irene M., 8700 Second Boulevard, Detroit 2

Robbins, Walton T., 6495 Waldon Road, Clarkston

Simons, Rev. R. E., Flat Rock

+Somers, Lee, Route No. 1, Perrinton

Strong, Forrest C., 1213 N. Walnut St., Lansing 6.

Sweet, Dale V., 530 S. Capitol, Lansing

+Tate, D. L., 959 Westchester Way, Birmingham

Tolles, G. S., Route No. 5, South Haven

Ullrey, L. E., Route No. 1, Vicksburg

Wieber, Giles E., Fowler

Windon, Maurice, Route No. 9, Kalamazoo

+Wyman, Miles L., 40 North St., Highland Park 3

MINNESOTA

+Dubbels, Charley, Elgin

Frame, William G., R. R. No. 4, Northfield

Hodgson, R. E., Dept, of Agriculture, S. E. Experiment Station, Waseca

Hormel, Jay C., Austin

Lamberson, G. E., Route No. 4, Warren

Law, Ken, Jewell Nurseries, Inc., Lake City

Luedtke, H. F., Box 287, St. Cloud

Sanders, Parker D., Fifth & Jefferson Sts., Redwood Falls

Wedge, Don, R. F. D. No. 2, Albert Lea

Weir, T. H., Fruit Breeding Farm, Excelsior

+Weschke, Carl, 96 S. Wabasha St., St. Paul

MISSISSIPPI

+Golding, W. T., Stewart

+Gossard, Atherton C., U. S. Horticultural Field Station, Route No. 6,

Meridian

+King, Mrs. John Andrew, Tolten Road, Lodi

Meyer, James R., Delta Branch Experiment Station, Stoneville

MISSOURI

Bauman, Ivan T., Bauman Brokerage Co., 4350 Tait Ave., St. Louis

Biggs, Dutton, R. R. No. 1, Hickman Mills

Block, Elmer L., Route No. 1, Sarcoxie

Buck, Charles L., La Crosse

Choisser, Elden, P. O. Box 442, Poplar Bluff

Conaway, Claude N., Poyner

Davis, Ben, P. O. Box 176, Van Buren

Degler, Roy H., 1305 Moreland Ave., Jefferson City

Ellston, John, Box 72, Exeter

R. E. Funsten Co., Don McDonald, 1515 Delmar Boulevard, St. Louis 3

Hay, Leander, Gilliam

Heuser, Wesley E., Rich Hill

+Howe, John, Route No. 1, Box 4, Pacific

Huber, Frank J., Route No. 1, Weingarten

+James, George, James Pecan Farms, Brunswick

John, W. H., Pacific

Jones, Vernon W., 5111 Walrond, Kansas City 4

Lambert, J. O., Laclede

+Logan, George F., Oregon

Marquardt, Fred, Rich Hill

Neosho Nurseries Co., A. E. Weston, Neosho

Sec.Nicholson, John W., Ash Grove

Ochs, C. Thurston, Box 291, Salem

Oliver, L. P., 511 Monroe Ave., Campbell

Owens, Le Roy J., Willow Springs

Pies, Edward G., Route No. 2, Farmington

Ralston, John H., 240 E. Whittier St., Kansas City 17

Richterkessing, Ralph, Route No. 1, St. Charles

Rose. Dr. D. K., 230 Linden, Clayton 5

Salman, Kenneth A., Route 3, Box 178A, Mountain Grove

Shideler, Harry, Finance Building, Kansas City

Sims Fruit & Nursery Farms, Hannibal

Stark Brothers Nursery & Orchards Co., Mr. H. W. Guengerich, Louisiana

Tainter, Nat A., 420 Jackson St., St. Charles

Wuertz, H. J., Route No. 1, Pevely

Wylie, Wilber J., 902 Grand Ave., Doniphan

MONTANA

Ford, Russell H., Dixon

Kirchner, Harold J., Rapelje

NEBRASKA

+Brand, George, Route No. 5, Lincoln

Brandenburgh, A. R., R. F. D. No. 2, Bellwood 3

Caha, William, 350 W. 12th St., Wahoo

Hess, Harvey W., The Arrowhead Gardens, Box 209, Hebron

Manning, Arch J., 4202 Emmet St., Omaha 3

Schick, Robert A., 233 N. Fifth, Seward

Sherwood, Jack, Nebraska City

Tolstead, Dr. W. L., Dept, of Botany, University of Nebraska, Lincoln

Ziegenbein, Mrs. Helen M., Box 671, Wasau

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Demarest, Charles S., Lyme Center

+Lahti, Matthew, Locust Lane Farm, Wolfeboro

NEW JERSEY

Anderegg, R. D. No. 3, Sommerville

Audi, Eugene J., M. D., 466 S. Maple Ave., Glen Rock

Bakst, Myron, 18 N. Spring Garden Ave., Nutley

Bottoni, Robert J., 41 Robertson Road, West Orange

Buckwalter, Alan R., Jr., Route No. 1, Box 47, Flemington

Buckwalter, Mrs. Alan R., Route No. 1, Box 45, Flemington

Cherry, George D., "Paulsdale", Hooten Road, Moorestown

Cox, Philip H., Jr., 30 Hyde Road, Bloomfield

Cumberland Nurseries, William Wells, Prop., Route No 1, Millville

+Donnelly, John H., Mountain Ice Co., 51 Newark St., Hoboken

Dougherty, William M., Broadacres-on-Bedens, Box 425, Princeton

+Ellis, Mrs. Edward P., Strawberry Hill, Route No. 1, Box 137, Keyport

Grosshans, George, 1309 Summit Terrace, Linden

Huslig, Frank E., R. F. D., Stewartsville

Lamatonk Nurseries, A. S. Yorks, Prop., Neshanic Station

Lehman, Edwin L., 811 North Fourth St., Camden 2

Lippencott, J. C, 15 Mundy Ave., Spotswood

McCarty Gardens, Box 89A, English Creek, Mays Landing

McDowell, Fred, 905 Ocean Ave., Belmar

Rinker, Ralph S., 572 Bellevue Ave., Trenton 8

+Rocker, Louis P., The Rocker Farm, Box 196, Andover

Schroeder, Harold W., R. F. D. No. 2, Boonton

+Sheffield, O. A., 283 Hamilton Place, Hackensack

Siegel, Mrs. Ralph, 121 Market St., Perth Amboy

Sorg, Henry, Chicago Ave., Egg Harbor City

Van Doren. Durand H., 310 Redmond Road, South Orange

NEW MEXICO

Gehring, Rev. Titus, Box 117, Lumberton

NEW YORK

Barton, Irving Titus, Box 13, Montour Falls

Bassett, Charles K., 2917 Main St., Buffalo 14

Beck, Paul E., Beck's Guernsey Dairy, Transit Road, East Amherst

+Benton, William A., Wassaic

Bernath, Stephen, Bernath's Nursery, Route No. 3, Poughkeepsie

Bernath, Mrs. Stephen, Route No. 3, Poughkeepsie

Brook, Victor, 171 Rockingham St., Rochester 7

Brooks, William G., Brooks Nut Nurseries, Monroe

Caldwell, David H., New York State College of Forestry, Syracuse

Caldwell, Mrs. Lynn M., 217 W. Hickory St., Canastota

+Cassina, Augustus, Valatie

Center, Bernard M., 51 Van Buren St., Massapequa Park

Connor, Mrs. Charles J., 460 Flint St., Rochester 11

Dunckel, Lewis A., 2023 S. Salina St., Syracuse 5

+Feil, Harry, 1270 Hilton Spencerport Road, Hilton

Ferguson, Donald V., Long Island Agriculture and Technical Institute,

Farmingdale

Flanigen, Charles F., 16 Greenfield St., Buffalo 14

Freer, H. J., 20 Midvale Road, Fairport

+Gibson, Stanford J., 56 Fair St., Norwich

+Glazier, Henry S., Jr., I. S. William St., Room 1001, New York 4

Goyne, W. E., 741 Sound View Drive, Mamaroneck

Graham, S. H., Route No. 5, Bostwick Road, Ithaca

+Hasbrouck, Walter, 19 Grove St., New Paltz

Hewitt, Prof. Oliver, 135 Hudson St., Ithaca

Hill, Francis I., Sterling

Hirshfeld, Dr. J. W., 109 W. Upland Road, Ithaca

Ingalls, Chester W., 82 Chestnut St., Cooperstown

+Irish, G. Whitney, Fruitlands, Route No. 1, Valatie

+Kettaneh, F. A., 745 Fifth Ave., New York 22

Knipper, George M., 333 Chestnut Ridge Road, Churchville

Knorr, Mrs. Arthur, 15 Central Park West, New York 23

Kortright, W. E., R. D. No. 1, Liberty

Sec.Kraai, Dr. John, 84 S. Main St., Fairport

Lambert, Raymond H., 199 Van Rensselaer St., Buffalo 10

*Lewis, Clarence, 1000 Park Ave., New York

Lowerre, James D., Route No. 3, Middletown

*MacDaniels, Dr. L. H., Cornell University, Ithaca

MacLennan, Walter, 1091 E. 19th St., Brooklyn 30

Metcalfe, Ward H., 710 Five Mile Line Road, Webster

+Metcalfe, Mrs. Ward H., 710 Five Mile Line Road, Webster

Miller, J. E., J. E. Miller Nurseries, Canandaigua

Mossman, Dr. James K., Black Oaks, Ramapo

Norman, Norinan B., 64 Rocklidge Road, Hartsdale

O'Brien, Esmonde M., 25 South St., P. O. Box 2169, New York 4

Owen, Charles H., Supt. of Schools, Sennett

Pickard, Mrs. Frederick, Freehold, Greene County

Pura, John J., Route No. 82, Hopewell Junction

Purdy, Lawson, 76 Murray Ave., Port Washington

Renshaw, Alfred, Fiddler's Lane, Loudonville

Reynolds, C. L., Route No. 2, Binghamton

Rickard, William, c/o Chief William Rickard, Tuscarora Indian Reservation,

Sanborn

Roat, Gordon J., Route No. 1, Canandaigua

Salzer, George, 169 Garford Rd., Rochester 9

Salzer, Rodman G., 169 Garford Road, Rochester 9

+Schlegel, Charles P., 990 South Ave., Rochester 7

+Schlick, Frank, Munnsville

Schlick, John, Mill Road, Vernon Center

Schmidt, Carl W., 180 Linwood Ave., Buffalo

Schwab, Fred L., P. O. Box 31, KB Station, Bronx 63

Shannon, J. W., Box 90, Ithaca

+Sheffield, Lewis J., 61 N. Magnolia St., Pearl River

Sec.Slate, Prof. George L., State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva

Smith, Gilbert L., R. D. No. 2, Millerton

Smith, James B., 34 Cedar Place, Yonkers 5

Smith, Jay L., Nut Tree Nursery, Chester

+Spahr, Dr. Mary B., 116 N. Geneva St., Ithaca

Steiger, Harwood, Red Hook

Swanson, Prof. Gustav, R. D. No. 4, Compton Road, Ithaca

+Szego, Alfred, 3550 78th St., Jackson Heights

Volcko, Andrew, 607 W. Colvin St., Syracuse 5

Wadsworth, Millard E., Route No. 5, Oswego

+Wheeler, Robert C., 36 State St., Albany 7

+Wilson, Frank C., 27 Liberty St., Arcade

Windisch, Richard P., c/o W. E. Burnet Co., 11 Wall St., New York 5

*Wissman, Mrs. F. de R.

NORTH CAROLINA

Andrus, E. Rex., Route No. 1, Franklin

Bass, Claude D., Route No. 1, Kenley

Brooks, J. R., Box 116, Euka

+Dunstan, Dr. R. T., Greensboro College, Greensboro

+Ellis, W. J., R. F. D. No. 2, Advance

Finch, Jack R., Route No. 1, Bailey

Henry, W. V., R. F. D. No. 2, Candler

McCain, H. C., Box 794, Tryon

Moorman, L. L., 801 N. Washington St., Rutherfordton

Poe, D. W., P. O. Box 807, Hickory

Stadler, L. E., Route No. 1, Reidsville

NORTH DAKOTA

Bradley, Homer L., Long Lake Refuge, Moffit

Row, W. W., Cando Seed Company, Cando

OHIO

Ackerman, Lester, Route No. 3, Ada

Alden, R. W., Golf Drive, Painesville

Antioch College, Glen Helen Dept., Yellow Springs

Beede, D. V., Route No. 3, Lisbon

Bitler, W. A., R. F. D. No. 1, Shawnee Road, Lima

Borchers, Perry E., 412 W. Hillcrest Ave., Dayton 6

Boyce, Dr. E. L., 26 Wildfern Drive, Youngstown

Brewster, Lewis, Route No. 1, Swanton

Bridgwater, Boyd E., 68 Cherry St., Akron 8

Bungart, A. A., Avon

Bussey, Roy K., Jr., 1056 Florida Ave., Akron 14

Button, Fred, Route No. 2, McArthur

Cinadr, Mrs. Katherine, 13514 Coath Ave., Cleveland 20

Clark, Richard L., 1517 Westdale Road, South Euclid 21

Collins, Laurence E., 1316 44th St., N. E., Canton 4

Cook, H. C., Route No. 1, Box 149, Leetonia

Cornett, Charles L., Railroad Perishable Inspection, 27 W. Front St.,

Cincinnati

Craig, George E., Dundas

Cunningham, Harvey E., 420 Front St., Marietta

Daley, James R., Route No. 3, Foster Park Road, Amherst

Davidson, John, 234 E. Second St., Xenia

Davidson, Mrs. John, 234 E. Second St., Xenia

Diller, Dr. Oliver D., Dept, of Forestry, Ohio Agricultural Experiment

Station, Wooster

Donaldson, Robert G., R. D. No. 3, Wooster

Dowell, Glenn C., Jr., M. D., 116 26th St., N. E., Canton 4

+Dowell, Dr. Lloyd L., 529 North Ave., N. E., Massillon

Farr, Mrs. Walter, Route No. 1, Kingsville

Fickes, Mrs. W. R., Route No. 1, Wooster

Garden Center of Greater Cleveland, East Boulevard at Euclid Ave.,

Cleveland 6

Sec.Gerber, E. P., Kidron

Gerstenmaier, John A., 13 Pond St., S. W., Massillon

Grad, Dr. Edward A., 1506 Chase St., Cincinnati 23

Gwynn, Frank, % P. H. Harriman, West Mansfield

Hake, Henry, Route No. 3, Edon

Hammock, Edwin H., 345 E. State St., Columbus 15

+Hansley, C. F., Box 614, Sugar Grove

Harmon, C. J., R. F. D., Graytown

Hayes, Okey, Route No. 1, Lockbourne

Heinzelman, Edward G., 267 Southern Ave., Chillicothe

+Hill, Dr. Albert A., 4187 Pearl Road, Cleveland 9

Hinde, John G., Route No. 1, Sandusky

Hlywiak, Andy, 2214 S. Tod Ave., Warren

+Hornyak, Louis, Route No. 1, Wakeman

Houlette, William R., Route No. 2, Columbiana

Howard, James R., 2908 Fleming Road, Middletown

Humphries, Dr. John K., 5101 Hilliard Cemetery Road, Hilliard

+Irish, Charles F., 418 E. 105th St., Cleveland

Jacobs, Homer L., Davey Tree Expert Co., Kent

Jagodnik, Anthony, 5360 Richmond Road, Cleveland 24

Jay, Don, Route No. 1, Box 230, Ludlow Fall

Kappel, Owen, Bolivar

+Kerr, Dr. S. E., Route No. 1, North Lawrence

+Kintzel, Frank M., 2506 Briarcliffe Ave., Cincinnati 13

Kistner, Albert M., 1525 Herald Ave., Cincinnati 7

Kodera, Shunzo, 47 E., Twelfth Ave., Columbus 1

Kovar, Emil, 2505 Oakes Road, Brecksville

Laditka, Nicholas G., 5322 Stickney Ave., Cleveland 9

+Leaman, Paul V., Route No. 1, Creston

Lechleitner, Rev. R. D., D. D., 270 Westview Ave., Worthington

Lemmon, R. M., 577 Vinita Ave., Akron 20

Levandosky, Chester, 2299 E. Sprague Road, Seven Hills Village,

Cleveland 9

+Lippa, Julius, 4464 Lee Heights Road, Warrensville Heights

Lorenz, R. C., 121 N. Arch St., Fremont

Lucas, R. J., 907 E. Main St., Newark

Lynn, Edith, Route No. 2, Canfield

Sec.Machovina, Paul E., 1228 Northwest Boulevard, Columbus 12

Manbeck, Willard O., 1359 Croyden Road, Cleveland 24

McKinster, Ray, 1632 S. Fourth St., Columbus 7

McQueen, Dr. A. F., 163 Church St., Amherst

Meier, Walter L., R. F. D. No. 2, Port Clinton

Meister, Richard T., Editor, American Fruit Grower, Willoughby

Meister, Robert T., SRE. DEF., APO. 58, % PM., New York

(Home address, Barnesville).

+Metzger, A. J., 724 Euclid Ave., Toledo 5

Miller, Clifford, Route No. 1, Elmore

Miller, H. J., R. R. No. 1, Elmore

Oches, Norman M., Route No. 3, Brunswick

Page, John H. Box 34, Dundas

+Pataky, Christ, Jr., 592 Hickory Lane, M. R. S., Mansfield

Pattison, Miss Aletheia E., 5 Dexter Place, E. W. H., Cincinnati 6

Pomerene, Walter H., Route No. 3, Coshocton

Pomeroy, Howard A., 4803 Rambo Lane, Toledo 13

Pribonic, Joseph C., Box 107, Warwick

Purdy, Clyde W., 19 Public Square, Mt. Vernon

+Ranke, William, Route No. 1, Box 248, Amelia

Sec.Riegel, Joseph S., Box 184, Sylvania

Robb, Harry C., 216 S. Lisbon St., Carrollton

Rogers, T. B., Box 296, Lakemore

Rohrbaugh, Lynn, R. F. D. No. 1, Delaware

+Rummel, E. T., 16613 Laverne Ave., Cleveland 11

Sasak, Edward A., 9094 Columbia Road, Olmstead Falls

W. N. Scarff's Sons. R. F. D. No. 1, New Carlisle

Schmidt, Wilhelm G., 321 West Broadway, Maumee

+Schoenberger, L. Roy, Green Pines Farm, Route No. 2, Nevada

Seas, D. Edward, 721 S. Main St., Orrville

Shelton, Dr. Elbert M., 1468 W. Clifton Boulevard, Lakewood 7

Sherman, L. Walter, 220 Fairview Ave., Canfield

+Shessler, Sylvester M., Genoa

Short, Robert M., 122 E. Park St., Westerville

+Silvis, Raymond E., 1725 Lindbergh Ave., N. E., Massillon

Smith, Sterling A., 630 W. South St., Vermillion

Sonnanstine, Earl C., R. F. D. No. 1, Tipp City

Spencer, Carl A., Sr., Route No. 3, Salem

Springer, Lemar M., 3510 Kathleen Ave., Dayton

Spring Hill Nurseries Co., Tipp City

Steinbeck, A. P., Route No. 2, Ravenna

+Stocker, C. P., Lorain Products Corp., 1122 F St., Lorain

Swope, Wilmer D., Route No. 3, Box 183, Leetonia

Thomas, Fred, 773 Bedford Road, Masury

Toberg, John R., 1708 Leona Drive, Cincinnati 388

Toney, Hewitt S., R. R. No. 2, Cedarville

Toops, Herbert A., 1430 Cambridge Boulevard, Columbus 12

Tyirin, William C., 5050 Burley Hills Drive, Cincinnati 27

Underwood, John, Route No. 4, Urbana

+Urban, George, 4518 Ardendale Road, South Euclid 21

Van Voorhis, J. F., 215 Hudson Ave., Apt. B-1, Newark

Von Gundy, Clifford R., 851 Nordyke Road, Cincinnati 8

+Walker, Carl F., 2851 Overlook Road, Cleveland 18

Warren, Herbert L., 518 W. Central Ave., Delaware

Weaver, Arthur W., R. F. D., Box 196-B, Cass Road, Maumee

+Willett, Dr. Gaillard P., Elmore

+Williams, Harry M., 221 Grandon Road, Dayton 9

Williams, L. F., Box 386, Mt. Vernon

Yates, Edward W., 3108 Parkview Ave., Cincinnati 13

Yoder, Emmet, Smithville

Zimmerman, Erie C., 594 Fairwood Road, R. D. No. 1, Clinton

Zuercher, Jacob, R. D. No. 2, Orrville

OKLAHOMA

Back, Ernest O., 1300 S. Keeler, Bartlesville

Butler, Roy J., Route No. 2, Hydro

Cross, Prof. Frank R., Dept. of Horticulture, Oklahoma A. & M. College,

Stillwater

Dean, Marion, Jr., Tuxedo Road, Bartlesville

Gray, Geoffrey A., 1628 Elm Ave., Bartlesville

Hartman, Peter E., Hartsdale Nursery Co., 3002 S. Boston Place, Tulsa 5

Hirschi's Nursery, 1124 N. Hudson, Oklahoma City

Hughes, C. V., Route No. 3, Box 614, Oklahoma City 7

Keathly, Jack, Marland

Meek, E. B., Route No. 3, Box 16, Wynnewood

Price, Harold C., Star View Farm, P. O. Box 801, Bartlesville

Pulliam, Gordon, 1005 Osage Ave., Bartlesville

Riter, John R., 115 E. First St., Bartlesville

Shroyer, James R., 1112 Dakota Ave., Chickasha

Straight, H. R., 935 Cherokee, Bartlesville

Warzel, F. Morgan, R. R. No. 2, Box 189-C, Bartlesville

OREGON

Bebeau, A. V., Box 136, McNary

Countryman, Peter F., Route No. 1, Box 275, Ontario

Graville, Ed, Route No. 3, Box 363, Junction City

Miller, John, Treasuredale, 2200 S. W. Child's Road, Oswego

Pearcy, Harry L., Route No. 2, Box 190, Salem

Smith, Earl G., R. F. D. No. 1, Newberg

Thomas, Miss Ella S., Sixth & Stanley Sts., Amity

Trunk, John E., Northwest Nut Growers, 1601 N. Columbia Boulevard,

Portland 11

PENNSYLVANIA

Allaman, H. C., 1812 S. Pine St., York

+Allaman, R. P., Route No. 86, Harrisburg

+Amsler, E. W., 707 Main St., Clarion

Anthony, Roy D., 125 Hillcrest Ave., State College

+Arensberg, Charles F. C., First National Bank Bldg., Pittsburgh 22

Banks, H. C., Route No. 1, Hellertown

Beard, H. K., Route 1, Sheridan

Beck, Dr. William M., 200 Race St., Sunbury

+Berst, Charles B., 11 W. Eighth St., Erie

Bering, Joseph, Bering Bowling Center, Second Ave. and Weidman St.,

Lebanon

Berlich, Mrs. Sylvester, Box 81, Broughton

Blittle, George, 107 Lincoln Highway, Penndel, Bucks County

Bowen, John C., Route No. 1, Macungie

+Brewer, J. L., Yellow House

+Bricker, Calvin E., Route No. 1, Mercersburg

Brown, Morrison, Ickesburg

Burket, J. Emory, R. F. D. No. 1, Claysburg

Sec.Clarke, William S., Jr., Box 167, State College

Clewell, Gen. Edgar L., Dimde Farms, R. F. D. No. 2, Harrisburg

Comp, Alton, 5 N. Second St., Newport

Damask, Henry, 1632 Doyle St., Wilkinsburg 21

Deagon, Arthur, 61 E. Main St., Mechanicsburg

Ebling, Aaron L., Route No. 2, Reading

Eshenbaugh, E. W., 1920 Elm, New Cumberland

Etter, Fayette, P. O. Box 57, Lemasters

Fry, Mrs. Reba F., R. F. D. No. 1, New Galilee

Gardner, Ralph D., 4428 Plymouth St., Colonial Park, Harrisburg

Glasgow, Joseph M., 406 S. Second St., Bellwood

Good, Orrin S., 316 N. Fairview St., Lock Haven

Gorton, F. B., Route No. 1, East Lake Road, Harborcreek

Hales, Alfred R., Jr., 1901 Second Ave., Altoona

Halsey, A. Louise, 63 Walnut St., Forty Fort

Hamlin, Dallas W., 1012 Elizabeth St., Williamsport

Hartman, Dr. G. W., Keystone Hospital, Third and Briggs Sts., Harrisburg

Heyn, W. C., Hunsecker Mill & Butter Road, Route No. 5, Box 82, Lancaster

+Hostetter, L. K., Route No. 1, Bird in Hand.

Hughes, Douglas, 1230 E. 21st St., Erie

Johnson, Robert F., 1630 Greentree Road, Pittsburgh 20

Jones, Curwin F., R. D. No. 3, Harrisburg

+Kaufman, Mrs. M. M., Box 69, Clarion

Knouse, Charles W., Colonial Park, Harrisburg

Krone, Herbert B., R. R. No. 2, Box 330, Lancaster

Krone, Mrs. Herbert B., R. R. No. 2, Box 330, Lancaster

Leach, Will, Route No. 1, Box 45, Scranton

Leja, Paul, 5263 Keystone St., Pittsburgh 1.

Mack, C. H., M. D., Main Road, Lake Ariel

+Mattoon, H. Gleason, Box 304, Narbeth

McKenna, Philip M., P. O. Box 186, Latrobe

Mecartney, J. Lupton, 918 W. Beaver Ave., State College

+Miller, Elwood B., Mill & Chapel Sts., Hazelton

Miller, Henry N., R. R. No. 1, Mt. Joy

Miller, Robert O., Third & Ridge Sts., Emmaus

Moyer. Philip S., 8082 U. S. F. & G. Building, Harrisburg

Murray, James H., Route No. 3, Cambridge Springs

Niederriter, Leonard, 1726 State St., Erie

Nonnemacher, H. M., 128 Front St., Alburtis

+Oesterling, H. M., Route No. 1, Marysville

+Reidler, Paul G., Front & Chestnut Sts., Ashland

Reighard, E. Don, R. D. No. 2, Box 247, Halifax

Rhoades, Frank S., Route No. 1, Sigel

*Rick, John, 438 Pennsylvania Square, Reading

Ruhman, Frank A., 1225 Clymer Road, Hatfield

Sandt, Floyd H., M. R. 35, Easton

Schaible, Percy, Box 68, Upper Black Eddy

Schieferstein, William B., Box 457, Temple

Schrader, Fred L., 732 E. Fifth St., Berwick

Shank, Paul E., Box 45, Marion

Sims, Prof. Hugh. D., P. O. Box 310, Lewisburg

Smith, Dr. J. Russell, 550 Elm Ave., Swarthmore

Smyth, C. Wayne, 1 Prospect St., Troy

Springer, Herbert W., 218 Penrose St., Quakertown

Stewart, E. L., Pine Hill Farms Nursery, Route No. 2. Homer City

Stroh, Major Oscar H., R. D. No. 1, Linglestown

Theiss, Dr. Lewis E., 110 University Ave., Lewisburg

Sec.Thompson, Howard A., 311 W. Swissvale Ave., Pittsburgh 18

Tomm, Joseph G., R. D. No. 2, McDonald

Sec.Twist, Frank S., Box 127, Northumberland

+Washick, Dr. Frank A., S. W. Cornet Welsh & Veree Roads, Philadelphia 11

Weaver, William S., Weaver Orchards, Macungie

Weber, George G., 748 S. Queen St., York

Weinrich, Whitney, Engle Road, Route 20, Media

Welliver, Mrs. Eugene C., 367 Light Street Road, Bloomsburg

Wilcox, George S., Montrose

*Wister, John C., Scott Foundation, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore

+Wright, Ross Pier, 235 W. Sixth St., Erie

Yohe, Russell, East Texas

Zimmerman, Mrs. G. A., R. D., Linglestown

RHODE ISLAND

*Allen, Philip, 178 Dorance St., Providence

Loomis, Charles B., 61 Elisha St., East Greenwich

SOUTH CAROLINA

Bregger, John T., Clemson

Gordon, G. Henry, Union Dry Cleaning Co., 13-1/2 Main St., Union

SOUTH DAKOTA

Krueger, George, Madison

+Restore America Association: Ivan Drift, Sponsor, P. O. Box 38,

Hot Springs

+Richter, Herman, Madison

TENNESSEE

Alpine Forest Reserve, c/o J. Edwin Carothers, Alpine

Byrd, Benjamin F., Jr., M. D., Granny White Pike, Nashville

Caldwell, Sam, Route No. 4, Holt Road, Nashville 11

Carter, Oscar W., M. D., 2610 Woodlawn Drive, Nashville

+Chase, Spencer B., 2338 Parkview Ave., Knoxville

Collier, Robert H., Lutie Road, Route No. 2, Knoxville

Cox, Dr. T. S., 103 Hotel Ave., Fountain City

+Dulin, Charles R., Brownsville

Garrett, Dr. Sam Young, 1902 Hayes St., Nashville

Hardy, J. H., 1315 Minnekahda Place, Chattanooga 5

+Holdeman, J. E., 855 N. McNeil St., Memphis 7

Hoyt, Prof. Garner E., Bryan University, Dayton

Jones, D. T., Route No. 2, Midway

Mattern, Don H., 513 Union Building, T. V. A., Knoxville

McSwain, Barton, M. D., 3514 Hampton Road, Nashville

+Meeks, Hamp, c/o Jackson Elec. Dept., Jackson

Murphy, H. O., 12 Sweetbriar Ave., Chattanooga

Neas, Ogle, Greenville

Olson, Earl F., Norris

Patterson, R. L., M. D., Suite 207, Interstate Building, Chattanooga

Puryear, Dr. T. R., P. O. Box 339, Lebanon

Richards, Dr. Aubrey, Whiteville

Roark, W. F., Malesus

Robinson, W. Jobe, Route No. 7, Jackson

Roettger, Everett, R. F. D. No. 1, Lancing

Saville, Chris, 118 Church St., Greenville

Sells, Paul S., 700 Boylston St., Chattanooga

Shadow, Arthur J., Shadow Nursery Co., P. O. Box 521, Winchester

Shipley, Mrs. E. D., R. R. No. 17, Knoxville

Southern Nursery & Landscape Co., Winchester

Zarger, Thomas G., T. V. A., Norris

TEXAS

Allen, H. H., Plant Research Station, Route No. 2, Paris

Arford, Charles A., Box 1230, Dalhart

Florida, Kaufman, Box 154, Rotan

Hamilton, J. Tom, P. O. Box 488, Matador

Hander, Nelson H., Star Route, Belton

Kelly, Paul, Box 428, Seymour

+Kidd, Clark, Arp Nursery Co., P. O. Box 867, Tyler

Mason, G. L., Route No. 3, Hico

Praytor, T. J., Box 667, Seymour

Rubrecht, J. F., Plant Research Station, Route 2, Paris

Shelton, David, Box 369, Gonzales

Springer, Herbert W., 590 Reagan St., San Benito

Thomas, Joe W., Overton

Winkler, Andrew, Route No. 1, Moody

Winkler, Charlie, Route No. 1, Moody

UTAH

Braegger, Henry W., Providence

Burton, J. O., Meadow

Dabb, Clifford H., Route No. 3, Box 448, Ogden

Ericksen, Keith, 883 N. State St., Orem

Kimberlin, R. E., 2020 Arbor Lane, Salt Lake City 7

Nyland, J. S., 230 17th St., Ogden

Petterson, Harlan D., 3910 Raymond Ave., South Ogden

Price, Harold G., Sr., 1270 E. Crystal Ave., Salt Lake City 6

Shurtleff, William H., D. D. S., R. F. D. No. 3, Box 384, Ogden

VERMONT

Aldrich, A. W., R. F. D. No. 2, Box 266, Springfield

Ellis, Zenas H., Perpetual member "In Memoriam"

Hill, Lewis, Hillcrest Nurseries, Greensboro

Johnson, John R., Deer Valley Farm, Townshend

Pennington, Rev. Leslie, Moretown

Reynolds, T. Hedley, 79 Main St., Middlebury

Woodford, Mrs. Edna Almeda, Brockway's Mills, R. F. D., Chester

VIRGINIA

Burton, George L., 722 College St., Bedford

+Curthoys, George A., P. O. Box 34, Bristol

Davies, A. B., Jr., 741 Clifton St., Clifton Forge

Dickerson, T. C., Jr., 316 56th St., Newport News

Filman, O., Box 3551, Virginia Tech Station, Blacksburg

Gibbs, H. R., Linden

Jaycox. Warren C., 2869 S. Buchanon St., Fairlington

Lee, Dr. Henry, 806 Medical Arts Building, Roanoke 11

Miller, T. R., Swords Creek

Moore, R. C., Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, Blacksburg 13

Marten, Perry F., 6110 N. Washington Boulevard, Arlington 5

Pinner, Henry, P. O. Box 155, Suffolk

Poole, A. V., R. F. D. No. 4, Box 113, Roanoke 15

Showalter, Rev. Lewis P., R. F. D. No. 2, Box 56, Broadway

+Stoke, H. F., 1436 Watts Ave., N. W., Roanoke

Stoke, Mrs. H. F., 1436 Watts Ave., N. W., Roanoke

Stoke, Dr. John H., 21 Highland Ave., S. E., Roanoke 13

Taylor, Merritt I., Honey Meadows, Atlee

Thompson, B. H., Route No. 4, Box 212, Harrisonburg

Trader, George T., Parksley

Trump, V. A., Crewe

Welchlin, Arthur C., Route No. 1, Box 312, Farmville

WASHINGTON

Bechtol, O. W., Coulee City

Denman, George L., E. 1319 Nina Ave., Spokane 10

Eliot, Craig P., P. O. Box 158, Shelton

Erkman, John O., 2113 Symons, Richland

Fulmer, W. L., 505 Boylston Ave., Seattle 2

Ingram, Bud, Box 213, Clarkston

Jacky, Mrs. Jacob P., Route No. 3, Walla Walla

Kane, Mrs. A. E., R. F. D. No. 1, Wenatchee

Latterell, Miss Ethel, 408 N. Flora Road, Greenacres

Linkletter, Frank D., 2209 Ninth Ave., Seattle 1

Naderman, G. W., Route No. 1, Box 353, Olympia

Parker, Robert E., 412 Maple Court, Toppenish

Ross, Verel C., 4025 Rucker Ave., Everett

Shane Brothers Nut Growers, Vashon

Taylor, Harry I., Route No. 2, Cheney

Sec.Tuttle, H. Lynn, Lynn Tuttle Nursery, Box 186, Clarkston

WEST VIRGINIA

Bailey, Gilbert E., 316 Mercer St., Princeton

Bartholomew, Miss Elizabeth Ann, West Virginia University, Morgantown

+Cook, Dr. Ernest A., 106 First St., Oak Hill

Dolin, Clarence S., Box 8, Foster

Eckerd, John K., 305 William St., Martinsburg

+Engle, Blaine W., Mutual Fire Insurance Co. of West Virginia, Goff

Building, Clarksburg

*Frye, Wilbert M., Pleasant Dale

Gardner, Sigel O., 709 Louise Ave., Morgantown

The Gold Chestnut Nursery, Arthur A. Gold, Cowen

Haines, Earl C., Shanks

Haislip, Fred, P. O. Box 1620, Logan

Sec.Hale, Daniel. M. D., Princeton

Hartzell, Benjamin, Shepherdstown

Howard. Mrs. Carl E., The Charleston Gazette, Charleston

+Long, J. C., Box 491, Princeton

Looney, Rev. Carl, Matewah

McClung, H. E., 2100 Midland Trail, Milton

McDonald, Dr. Walter, Augusta

McGraw, S. L., Athens

+Miller, Edward, Romney

+Mish, Arnold F., Inwood

Newlon, Emmett, Rupert

Pease, Roger W., Department of Horticulture, University of West Virginia,

Morgantown

+Reed, Arthur M., Glenmont Nurseries, Moundsville

Williams, Mrs. Dan, Romney

WISCONSIN

Conway, W. M., 2105 Jefferson St., Madison

+Coulson, L. W., R. R. No. 1, Slinger

Dennis, W. J., 601 N. 97th St., Milwaukee 13

Dohlin, Edward, 208 Hollister Ave., Tomah

Eiler, William, Benton

Jach, Peter, 8613 N. 60th St., Milwaukee 16

Kral, Ray, 1121 Langlade St., Antigo

Ladwig, C. F., Route No. 2, Beloit

Martinson, John L., 408 N. Lake, Madison

Mortensen, M. C., 1119 Emmertson Road, Racine

Pederson, Harry A., 350 Jewett, Plattville

Raether, Robert, Route No. 1, Augusta

Running, M. H., 5220 North 29th St., Milwaukee 9

+Snowden, Dr. P. W., The Monroe Clinic, Monroe

Traurig, Arthur F., 13315 W. Forest Drive, Milwaukee 14

WYOMING

Muecke, Karl, Powell

W. F. HUMPHREY PRESS INC.

GENEVA, N. Y.