which links the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, on
the southern coast of Spain
Geographic coordinates: 36 11 N, 5 22 W
Map references: Europe
Area:
total area: 6.5 sq km
land area: 6.5 sq km
comparative area: about 11 times the size of The Mall in Washington,
DC
Land boundaries:
total: 1.2 km
border country: Spain 1.2 km
Coastline: 12 km
Maritime claims:
territorial sea: 3 nm
International disputes: source of friction between Spain and the UK
Climate: Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers
Terrain: a narrow coastal lowland borders the Rock of Gibraltar
lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
highest point: Rock of Gibraltar 426 m
Natural resources: NEGL
Land use:
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
meadows and pastures: 0%
forest and woodland: 0%
other: 100%
Irrigated land: NA sq km
Environment:
current issues: limited natural freshwater resources, so large
concrete or natural rock water catchments collect rain water
natural hazards: NA
international agreements: NA
Geographic note: strategic location on Strait of Gibraltar that
links the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea
People
------
Population: 28,765 (July 1996 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 20% (male 3,109; female 2,728)
15-64 years: 66% (male 10,668; female 8,292)
65 years and over: 14% (male 1,582; female 2,386) (July 1996 est.)
Population growth rate: 0.54% (1996 est.)
Birth rate: 13.94 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Death rate: 8.73 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Net migration rate: 0.21 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.14 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.29 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female
all ages: 1.15 male(s)/female (1996 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 6.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 77.83 years
male: 74.5 years
female: 81.31 years (1996 est.)
Total fertility rate: 2.26 children born/woman (1996 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Gibraltarian(s)
adjective: Gibraltar
Ethnic divisions: Italian, English, Maltese, Portuguese, Spanish
Religions: Roman Catholic 74%, Protestant 11% (Church of England
8%, other 3%), Muslim 8%, Jewish 2%, none or other 5% (1981)
Languages: English (used in schools and for official purposes),
Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Russian
Literacy: NA
Government
----------
Name of country:
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Gibraltar
Data code: GI
Type of government: dependent territory of the UK
Capital: Gibraltar
Administrative divisions: none (dependent territory of the UK)
Independence: none (dependent territory of the UK)
National holiday: Commonwealth Day (second Monday of March)
Constitution: 30 May 1969
Legal system: English law
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal, plus other UK subjects
resident six months or more
Executive branch:
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (of the United Kingdom since 6
February 1952), a hereditary monarch, is represented by Governor and
Commander in Chief Field Marshal Sir John CHAPPLE (since NA March
1993)
head of government: Chief Minister Joe BOSSANO (since 25 March 1988)
was appointed by the governor
Gibraltar Council: advises the governor
cabinet: Council of Ministers was appointed from the elected members
of the House of Assembly by the governor in consultation with the
chief minister
Legislative branch: unicameral
House of Assembly: elections last held 16 January 1992 (next to be
held NA January 1996); results - SL 73.3%, SD 20.2%, NP 4.7%,
independents 1.8%; seats - (18 total, 15 elected) SL 8, SD 7
Judicial branch: Supreme Court; Court of Appeal
Political parties and leaders: Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party
(SL), Joe BOSSANO; Gibraltar Labor Party/Association for the
Advancement of Civil Rights (GCL/AACR), leader Adolfo CANEPA;
Gibraltar Social Democrats (SD), Peter CARUANA; Gibraltar National
Party (NP), Joe GARCIA
Other political or pressure groups: Housewives Association;
Chamber of Commerce; Gibraltar Representatives Organization
International organization participation: Interpol (subbureau)
Diplomatic representation in US: none (dependent territory of the
UK)
US diplomatic representation: none (dependent territory of the UK)
Flag: two horizontal bands of white (top, double width) and red
with a three-towered red castle in the center of the white band;
hanging from the castle gate is a gold key centered in the red band
Economy
-------
Economic overview: Gibraltar benefits from an extensive shipping
trade and offshore banking. The British military presence has been
sharply reduced and now contributes about 11% to the local economy.
The financial sector accounts for 15% of GDP; tourism, shipping
services fees, and duties on consumer goods also generate revenue.
Because more than 70% of the economy is in the public sector,
changes in government spending have a major impact on the level of
employment.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $205 million (1993 est.)
GDP real growth rate: NA%
GDP per capita: $6,600 (1993 est.)
GDP composition by sector:
agriculture: NA%
industry: NA%
services: NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA%
Labor force: 14,800 (including non-Gibraltar laborers)
note: UK military establishments and civil government employ nearly
50% of the labor force
Unemployment rate: NA%
Budget:
revenues: $116 million
expenditures: $124 million, including capital expenditures of $NA
(1992-93)
Industries: tourism, banking and finance, construction, commerce;
support to large UK naval and air bases; tobacco, mineral waters,
beer, canned fish
Industrial production growth rate: NA%
Electricity:
capacity: 47,000 kW
production: 90 million kWh
consumption per capita: 2,539 kWh (1993)
Agriculture: none
Exports: $57 million (f.o.b., 1992)
commodities: (principally reexports) petroleum 51%, manufactured
goods 41%, other 8%
partners: UK, Morocco, Portugal, Netherlands, Spain, US, FRG
Imports: $420 million (c.i.f., 1992)
commodities: fuels, manufactured goods, and foodstuffs
partners: UK, Spain, Japan, Netherlands
External debt: $318 million (1987)
Economic aid:
recipient: ODA, $NA
Currency: 1 Gibraltar pound (LG) = 100 pence
Exchange rates: Gibraltar pounds (LG) per US$1 - 0.6535 (January
1996), 0.6335 (1995), 0.6529 (1994), 0.6658 (1993), 0.5664 (1992),
0.5652 (1991); note - the Gibraltar pound is at par with the British
pound
Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
Transportation
--------------
Railways:
total: NA km; 1.000-m gauge system in dockyard area only
Highways:
total: 49.9 km (including 12.9 km public highways)
paved: 49.9 km
unpaved: 0 km
Pipelines: none
Ports: Gibraltar
Merchant marine:
total: 19 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 357,730 GRT/635,769 DWT
ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 3, chemical tanker 1, container 1, oil
tanker 13 (1995 est.)
Airports:
total: 1
with paved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 1 (1995 est.)
Communications
--------------
Telephones: 19,529 (1993 est.)
Telephone system: adequate, automatic domestic system and adequate
international facilities
domestic: automatic exchange facilities
international: radiotelephone; microwave radio relay; satellite
earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Radio broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 6, shortwave 0
Radios: NA
Television broadcast stations: 4
Televisions: NA
Defense
-------
Branches: British Army, Royal Navy, Royal Air Force
Defense note: defense is the responsibility of the UK
======================================================================
@Glorioso Islands
----------------
(possession of France)
Map
---
Location: 11 30 S, 47 20 E -- Southern Africa, group of islands in
the Indian Ocean, northwest of Madagascar
Flag
----
Description: the flag of France is used
Geography
---------
Location: Southern Africa, group of islands in the Indian Ocean,
northwest of Madagascar
Geographic coordinates: 11 30 S, 47 20 E
Map references: Africa
Area:
total area: 5 sq km
land area: 5 sq km
comparative area: about eight times the size of The Mall in
Washington, DC
note: includes Ile Glorieuse, Ile du Lys, Verte Rocks, Wreck Rock,
and South Rock
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 35.2 km
Maritime claims:
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: claimed by Madagascar
Climate: tropical
Terrain: NA
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location 12 m
Natural resources: guano, coconuts
Land use:
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
meadows and pastures: 0%
forest and woodland: 0%
other: 100% (all lush vegetation and coconut palms)
Irrigated land: 0 sq km
Environment:
current issues: NA
natural hazards: periodic cyclones
international agreements: NA
People
------
Population: uninhabited
Government
----------
Name of country:
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Glorioso Islands
local long form: none
local short form: Iles Glorieuses
Data code: GO
Type of government: French possession administered by Commissioner
of the Republic, resident in Reunion
Capital: none; administered by France from Reunion
Independence: none (possession of France)
Flag: the flag of France is used
Economy
-------
Economic overview: no economic activity
Transportation
--------------
Ports: none; offshore anchorage only
Airports:
total: 1
with unpaved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 1 (1995 est.)
Defense
-------
Defense note: defense is the responsibility of France
======================================================================
@Greece
------
Map
---
Location: 39 00 N, 22 00 E -- Southern Europe, bordering the
Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea, between Albania
and Turkey
Flag
----
Description: nine equal horizontal stripes of blue alternating
with white; there is a blue square in the upper hoist-side corner
bearing a white cross; the cross symbolizes Greek Orthodoxy, the
established religion of the country
Geography
---------
Location: Southern Europe, bordering the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea,
and the Mediterranean Sea, between Albania and Turkey
Geographic coordinates: 39 00 N, 22 00 E
Map references: Europe
Area:
total area: 131,940 sq km
land area: 130,800 sq km
comparative area: slightly smaller than Alabama
Land boundaries:
total: 1,210 km
border countries: Albania 282 km, Bulgaria 494 km, Turkey 206 km,
The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 228 km
Coastline: 13,676 km
Maritime claims:
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
territorial sea: 6 nm
International disputes: complex maritime, air, and territorial
disputes with Turkey in Aegean Sea; Cyprus question; dispute with
The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia over name; border
demarcation with Albania, the treatment of Albania's ethnic Greek
minority, and migrant Albanian workers in Greece remain unresolved
issues
Climate: temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers
Terrain: mostly mountains with ranges extending into sea as
peninsulas or chains of islands
lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
highest point: Mount Olympus 2,917 m
Natural resources: bauxite, lignite, magnesite, petroleum, marble
Land use:
arable land: 23%
permanent crops: 8%
meadows and pastures: 40%
forest and woodland: 20%
other: 9%
Irrigated land: 11,900 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:
current issues: air pollution; water pollution
natural hazards: severe earthquakes
international agreements: party to - Air Pollution,
Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity,
Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban,
Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83,
Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides,
Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds,
Desertification
Geographic note: strategic location dominating the Aegean Sea and
southern approach to Turkish Straits; a peninsular country,
possessing an archipelago of about 2,000 islands
People
------
Population: 10,538,594 (July 1996 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 16% (male 899,029; female 837,308)
15-64 years: 68% (male 3,571,918; female 3,542,556)
65 years and over: 16% (male 736,818; female 950,965) (July 1996
est.)
Population growth rate: 0.42% (1996 est.)
Birth rate: 9.78 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Death rate: 9.53 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Net migration rate: 3.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female
all ages: 0.98 male(s)/female (1996 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 7.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 78.1 years
male: 75.6 years
female: 80.78 years (1996 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.37 children born/woman (1996 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Greek(s)
adjective: Greek
Ethnic divisions: Greek 98%, other 2%
note: the Greek Government states there are no ethnic divisions in
======================================================================
@Greenland
---------
(part of the Danish realm)
Map
---
Location: 72 00 N, 40 00 W -- Northern North America, island
between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of
Canada
Flag
----
Description: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red
with a large disk slightly to the hoist side of center - the top
half of the disk is red, the bottom half is white
Geography
---------
Location: Northern North America, island between the Arctic Ocean
and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Canada
Geographic coordinates: 72 00 N, 40 00 W
Map references: Arctic Region
Area:
total area: 2,175,600 sq km
land area: 383,600 sq km (ice free)
comparative area: slightly more than three times the size of Texas
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 44,087 km
Maritime claims:
exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 3 nm
International disputes: none
Climate: arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters
Terrain: flat to gradually sloping icecap covers all but a narrow,
mountainous, barren, rocky coast
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Gunnbjorn 3,700 m
Natural resources: zinc, lead, iron ore, coal, molybdenum,
cryolite, uranium, fish
Land use:
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
meadows and pastures: 1%
forest and woodland: 0%
other: 99%
Irrigated land: 0 sq km
Environment:
current issues: NA
natural hazards: continuous permafrost over northern two-thirds of
the island
international agreements: NA
Geographic note: dominates North Atlantic Ocean between North
America and Europe; sparse population confined to small settlements
along coast
People
------
Population: 58,203 (July 1996 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 27% (male 7,871; female 7,723)
15-64 years: 68% (male 21,755; female 17,961)
65 years and over: 5% (male 1,307; female 1,586) (July 1996 est.)
Population growth rate: 1% (1996 est.)
Birth rate: 17.06 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Death rate: 7.11 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.21 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female
all ages: 1.13 male(s)/female (1996 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 23.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 68.24 years
male: 63.97 years
female: 72.53 years (1996 est.)
Total fertility rate: 2.22 children born/woman (1996 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Greenlander(s)
adjective: Greenlandic
Ethnic divisions: Greenlander 86% (Eskimos and Greenland-born
whites), Danish 14%
Religions: Evangelical Lutheran
Languages: Eskimo dialects, Danish
Literacy: NA
Government
----------
Name of country:
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Greenland
local long form: none
local short form: Kalaallit Nunaat
Data code: GL
Type of government: part of the Danish realm; self-governing
overseas administrative division
Capital: Nuuk (Godthab)
Administrative divisions: 3 municipalities (kommuner, singular -
kommun); Nordgronland, Ostgronland, Vestgronland
Independence: none (part of the Danish realm; self-governing
overseas administrative division)
National holiday: Birthday of the Queen, 16 April (1940)
Constitution: 5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)
Legal system: Danish
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: Queen MARGRETHE II (of Denmark since 14 January
1972), a constitutional monarch, is represented by High Commissioner
Steen SPORE (since NA 1993)
head of government: Prime Minister Lars Emil JOHANSEN (since 15
March 1991) was elected by the Landsting
cabinet: Landsstyre is formed from the Landsting on basis of
strength of parties
Legislative branch: unicameral
Parliament (Landsting): election last held on 4 March 1995 (next to
be held NA 5 March 1999); results - Siumut 38.5%, Inuit Ataqatigiit
20.3%, Atassut Party 29.7%; seats - (31 total) Siumut 12, Atassut
Party 10, Inuit Ataqatigiit 6, conservative splinter grouping 2,
independent 1
Danish Folketing: election last held on 21 September 1994 (next to
be held by NA September 1998); Greenland elects two representatives
to the Folketing; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (2
total) Liberals 1, Social Democrats 1; note - Greenlandic
representatives are affiliated with Danish political parties
Judicial branch: High Court (Landsret)
Political parties and leaders: two-party ruling coalition; Siumut
(Forward Party, a moderate socialist party that advocates more
distinct Greenlandic identity and greater autonomy from Denmark),
Lars Emil JOHANSEN, chairman; Inuit Ataqatigiit (IA) (Eskimo
Brotherhood, a Marxist-Leninist party that favors complete
independence from Denmark rather than home rule), Josef MOTZFELDT;
Atassut Party (Solidarity, a more conservative party that favors
continuing close relations with Denmark), Daniel SKIFTE; Akulliit
Party, Bjarne KREUTZMANN; Issituup (Polar Party), Nicolai HEINRICH
Diplomatic representation in US: none (self-governing overseas
administrative division of Denmark)
US diplomatic representation: none (self-governing overseas
administrative division of Denmark)
Flag: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a
large disk slightly to the hoist side of center - the top half of
the disk is red, the bottom half is white
Economy
-------
Economic overview: Greenland's economic situation at present is
difficult. Unemployment is increasing, and prospects for economic
growth in the immediate future are dim. Following the closing of the
Black Angel lead and zinc mine in 1989, Greenland became almost
completely dependent on fishing and fish processing, the sector
accounting for 95% of exports. Prospects for fisheries are not
bright, as the important shrimp catches will at best stabilize and
cod catches have dropped. Resumption of mining and hydrocarbon
activities is not around the corner, thus leaving only tourism with
some potential for the near future. The public sector, i.e., the
central government and its commercial entities and the
municipalities, plays a dominant role in Greenland, accounting for
about two-thirds of total employment. About half the government's
revenues come from grants from the Danish Government, an important
supplement of GDP.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $892 million (1995 est.)
GDP real growth rate: NA%
GDP per capita: $15,500 (1995 est.)
GDP composition by sector:
agriculture: NA%
industry: NA%
services: NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.3% (1993 est.)
Labor force: 22,800
Unemployment rate: 6.6% (1993 est.)
Budget:
revenues: $667 million
expenditures: $635 million, including capital expenditures of $103.8
million (1993 est.)
Industries: fish processing (mainly shrimp), lead, zinc,
handicrafts, small shipyards
Industrial production growth rate: NA%
Electricity:
capacity: 84,000 kW
production: 210 million kWh
consumption per capita: 3,361 kWh (1993)
Agriculture: forage crops, small garden vegetables; sheep; 1988
fish catch of 133,500 metric tons
Exports: $330.5 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)
commodities: fish and fish products 95%
partners: Denmark 79%, Benelux 9%, Germany 5%
Imports: $369.6 million (c.i.f., 1993 est.)
commodities: manufactured goods 28%, machinery and transport
equipment 24%, food and live animals 12.4%, petroleum products 12%
partners: Denmark 65%, Norway 8.8%, US 4.6%, Germany 3.8%, Japan
3.8%, Sweden 2.4%
External debt: $297.1 million (1993)
Economic aid:
recipient: ODA, $NA
note: substantial annual subsidy from Denmark
Currency: 1 Danish krone (DKr) = 100 oere
Exchange rates: Danish kroner (DKr) per US$1 - 5.652 (January
1996), 5.602 (1995), 6.361 (1994), 6.484 (1993), 6.036 (1992), 6.396
(1991)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Transportation
--------------
Railways: 0 km
Highways:
total: 150 km
paved: 60 km
unpaved: 90 km
Ports: Faeringehavn, Frederikshaab, Holsteinsborg, Nanortalik,
Narsaq, Nuuk (Godthaab), Sondre Stromfjord
Merchant marine:
total: 1 short-sea passenger (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,162
GRT/610 DWT (1995 est.)
Airports:
total: 8
with paved runways over 3 047 m: 1
with paved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 1
with paved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 1
with paved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 1
with paved runways under 914 m: 1
with unpaved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 1
with unpaved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 2 (1995 est.)
Communications
--------------
Telephones: 17,900 (1984 est.)
Telephone system: adequate domestic and international service
provided by cables and microwave radio relay
domestic: microwave radio relay
international: 2 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth station -
1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Radio broadcast stations: AM 5, FM 7 (repeaters 35), shortwave 0
Radios: 23,000 (1991 est.)
Television broadcast stations: 4 (repeaters 9)
Televisions: 12,000 (1991 est.)
Defense
-------
Defense note: defense is the responsibility of Denmark
======================================================================
@Grenada
-------
Map
---
Location: 12 07 N, 61 40 W -- Caribbean, island in the Caribbean
Sea, north of Trinidad and Tobago
Flag
----
Description: a rectangle divided diagonally into yellow triangles
(top and bottom) and green triangles (hoist side and outer side)
with a red border around the flag; there are seven yellow
five-pointed stars with three centered in the top red border, three
centered in the bottom red border, and one on a red disk
superimposed at the center of the flag; there is also a symbolic
nutmeg pod on the hoist-side triangle (Grenada is the world's
second-largest producer of nutmeg, after Indonesia); the seven stars
represent the seven administrative divisions
Geography
---------
Location: Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, north of
Trinidad and Tobago
Geographic coordinates: 12 07 N, 61 40 W
Map references: Central America and the Caribbean
Area:
total area: 340 sq km
land area: 340 sq km
comparative area: twice the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 121 km
Maritime claims:
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: none
Climate: tropical; tempered by northeast trade winds
Terrain: volcanic in origin with central mountains
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point: Mount Saint Catherine 840 m
Natural resources: timber, tropical fruit, deepwater harbors
Land use:
arable land: 15%
permanent crops: 26%
meadows and pastures: 3%
forest and woodland: 9%
other: 47%
Irrigated land: NA sq km