Robert, Baron of Brancepeth, Viscount Rochester, Earle of Somersett,

Lord Chamberlaine of his Ma^{te} householde, knyght of the most noble

order of the Garter, and one of his Ma^{te} most honorable privie

Counsell, provisionally deputed for the government of the Cinque

Portes. To all to whom theis presentes shall come, Greeting, Knowe

ye that I, according to the auntient ordinances and rules hertofore

established and lately revived for the preservacon of the fishing

betwixt the subiectes of the Easterne coast of the kingdome of great

Britayne and the frenche Fishermen accoastinge those partes, Haue by

theis presentes licensed and authorised Reynold Howgatt of the Towne

of Treporte, Fisherman, M^r of one Fisherboate called the Don de Dieu

of about fourteen tonnes, with all her Company and servants of the

same Boate, To Fishe at the place called the Sowe upon the English

coast and elsewhere upon that coast, in the same sorte as any one of

those five boates heertofore tollerated and privileged out of respect

for the service of the Frenche king his excellent Ma^{tie}, for all

sortes of Fishe without restrainte of season, soe the same be done and

performed with nettes and engines lawfull and accustomed by the English

subiectes of that coast. Requiring you and every of you whom it shall

concerne not onely to permit and suffer him and his sayd servantes soe

to doe without any your unnecessary lett or impeachement. But alsoe to

yeilde him and his company all lawfull favor and assistance therein as

they shall have occasion, bearinge themselves orderly and peaceably

and observing the rules and ordinances sett downe and established for

that coast fishing as aforesaid under the penalties therein expressed

and conteyned. This license is to endure but untill the first daie of

August w^{ch} shalbe in the yeare of our Lord God 1616.

Geven under the Seale of Office at Douer Castle the sixt daie of July

in the thirteenth yeare of the reigne of our Souereigne Lord, James,

by the grace of God of Great Britaine, Frannce, and Ireland, king,

Defender of the fayth, &c.

(Sd.) R. SOMERSET.

A la nominac̃on du Mouns^r Villares Houden gouern^r du Chatiau et

ville de Diep et suit du Roy de Fraunce.

APPENDIX D.

(P. 119.)

PROCLAMATION FOR REUOCATION OF MARINERS FROM FORREINE SERUICES.

(A Booke of Proclamations, published since the beginning of his

Majesties most happy Reigne ouer England, &c., Vntill this present

Moneth of Febr. 3, Anno Dom. 1609 [1602-1612].)

Whereas within this short time since the Peace concluded betweene vs

and the King of Spaine and the Archdukes our good brothers, it hath

appeared unto vs that many Mariners and Seafearing men of this Realme

hauing gotten a custome and habite in the time of the Warre to make

profite by Spoile, doe leaue their ordinary and honest vocation and

Trading in Merchantly Voyages, whereby they might both reape conuenient

maintenance, and be seruiceable to their Countrey, And doe betake

themselues to the seruice of diuers forreine States, vnder the title of

men of Warre, to haue thereby occasion to continue their vnlawful and

vngodly course of liuing by spoile vsing the seruice of those Princes

but for colour and pretext, but in effect making themselues commonly no

better then Pirats to robbe both our owne Subiects their Countreymen,

and the subiects of other Princes our neighbours, going in their honest

Trade of Merchandize: By which courses they doe impeach the quiet

traffique of Nations one with other, leaue our Realme vnfurnished of

men of their sort, if we should haue cause to vse them, and inure

themselues to an impious disposition of liuing by rapine and euill

meanes, although by reason of the Uniuersall peace wherein wee are at

this present with all Christian Princes and States, they may haue a

more plentifull employment in an orderly and lawfull Nauigation, then

at any time of late yeeres they could haue had: We haue thought it

necessary in time to preuent the spreading of such a corruption amongst

our Subiects of that sort and calling, whereby our Nation will be so

much slandered, and our Realme so greatly disaduantaged. Wherefore

we doe will and command all Masters of ships, Pilots, Mariners, and

all other sort of Seafearing men, who now are in the Martiall seruice

of any forreine States, that they doe presently returne home into

their owne Countrey, and leaue all such forreine Seruices, and betake

themselues to their vocation in the lawfull course of Merchandize,

and other orderly Nauigation, upon such paines and punishments as by

the Lawes of our Realme may be inflicted upon them, if after this

declaration of our pleasure, they shall not obey. And we doe also vpon

the same paines straitly charge and command al our Subiects of that

profession, that none of them shall from hencefoorth take Letters of

Marke or Reprisall, nor serue vnder any that hath such Letters of

Marke or Reprisall from any forreine Prince or State whatsoeuer, Nor

otherwise employ themselues in any warlike Seruices of any forraine

State vpon the Sea, without speciall License obtained from our selfe,

or from our high Admirall, as they will answer the contrary at their

perils.

And forasmuch as although we are in Peace with all Christian Princes

and States, yet during the continuance of the Warre betweene the King

of Spain and the Archdukes on the one side, and the vnited Prouinces

of the Low-Countreys on the other side, many chances may happen, as

some already haue happened, of difficult interpretation to our Officers

and Subiects how to behaue themselues in such cases, vnlesse they be

explained vnto them: We haue thought it conuenient to make an open

declaration how our said Officers and Subiects shall demeane themselues

towards the Subiects aswell of the King of Spaine and Archdukes, as

also of the States vnited in the cases following.

First our pleasure is, That within our Portes, Hauens, Rodes, Creekes,

or other places of our Dominion, or so neere to any of our sayd Ports

or Hauens, as may be reasonably construed to bee within that Title,

Limit, or Precinct, there shall be no force, violence, surprise, or

offence suffered to be done either from Man of warre to Man of warre,

or Man of warre to Merchant, or Merchant to Merchant of either party,

but that all of what Nation soeuer, so long as they shall bee within

those our Ports and places of our Jurisdiction, or where our Officers

may prohibite violence, shall bee vnderstood to be under our protection

to bee ordered by course of Justice, and be at peace each with other.

And whereas some of the Men of warre of ech side haue vsed of late,

and it is like will vse in time to come, though not to come within

our Ports, because there they know wee can restraine violence, yet to

houer and hang about the skirts of our Ports, somewhat to Seaboard, but

yet so neere our coastes and the entrie of our Harbours, as in reason

is to be construed to be within the extent of the same, and there to

await the Merchant of the aduerse part, and doe seaze and take them at

their going out of our Ports, which is all one in a manner, as if they

tooke them within our Port, and will bee no lesse hinderance to the

trade of Merchants: Our pleasure therefore and commaundement is to all

our Officers and Subiects by Sea and Land, That they shall prohibite,

as much as in them lyeth, all such houering of Men of warre of either

side, so neere the entrie of any of our Hauens or our Coastes, And that

they shall rescue and succour all Merchants, and others that shall fall

within the danger of any such as shall await our Coastes in so neere

places to the hinderance of Trade and Traffique outward and homeward

from and to our Kingdomes. And for the better instructions of our

Officers in the execution of these two Articles, Wee haue caused to be

sent to them plats of those Limits, within which we are resolued that

these Orders shalbe obserued.

And where it hath happened, and is like to doe often, that a Ship of

warre of the one side may come into some of our Ports, where there

shall bee a Merchant of the other side: In such case, for the benefit

and preseruation of the lawfull Trade of Merchants, Our pleasure is,

That all Merchants Ships, if they will require it, shall bee suffered

to depart out of the sayd Port, two or three tydes before the Man of

warre, to the intent that the Merchant may bee free from the pursuite

of his aduersary. And if it so happen, that any Ship or Ships of warre

of the one side, doe finde any Ship or Ships of warre of the other side

in any our Ports or Roades aforesayd; Like as our pleasure is that

during their abode there, all violence be forborne: So doe wee likewise

commaunde our sayd Officers and Subiects both on Sea and Land, That the

Ship of warre which came in first, bee suffered to depart a Tyde or two

before the other which came in last, And that for so long time they

shall stay and detaine any Ship of warre, that would offer to pursue

another out of any our Ports immediately.

And where [_sic_] wee are infourmed, that notwithstanding the seueritie

of our Lawes against receiuers of Pirats goods, many of our Officers

of our Ports and other inhabitants within and neere vnto them, doe

receiue dayly Goods brought in from Sea by such as are indeed Pirats,

if they, and the getting of their Goods were well examined: We doe

hereby admonish them all, to auoyd the receiuing or buying of any Goods

from Sea, coming not into the Realme by lawfull course of Merchandise,

for that they shall finde, wee are resolued so to preuent all occasion

and encouragement of Pirats to bee vsed by any our Subiects as wee will

cause our Lawes to bee fully executed according to their true meaning,

both against the Pirats, and all Receuiers and Abetters of them, and

their Goods.

Giuen at Thetford the first day of March, in the

second yeere of our Reigne of Great Britaine,

France and Ireland.

Anno Dom. 1604.

APPENDIX E.

(P. 120.)

DECLARATION OF JURY OF THE TRINITY HOUSE AS TO THE LIMITS OF THE KING’S

CHAMBERS.

(State Papers, Domestic. James I., Vol. 13, No. 11. 1605.)

A note of y^e Headlandes of England as they beare one from another

agreeing with the plott of y^e Description of y^e Countrye as

followeth.

From Holy Iland to the Sowter is South South east. From the Sowter to

Whitby is Southeast. From Whitby to Flamborough head is Southeast,

and half a point Southerly. From Flamborough head to the Sporne is

Southeast easterlie. From the Sporne to Cromar is Southeast, and by

East. From Cromar to Wynterton nes is Southeast and by South. From

Wynterton nes to Caster nes is South South east. From Casternes to

Layestof is South. From Layestof to East nes is South, and half a point

to the Westward. From Eastness to Orforthnes is South and by West.

From Orforth nes to the North foreland is South, and one third of a

point to the Westward. From the Northforland to the Southforeland is

South. From the Southforeland to Dungnes is Southwest and one fourth

part of a point to y^e Southwards. From Dungnes to Beache is West

Southwest, and one fourth part of a poynt to the Southwards. From

Beache to Dune noze is West Southwest, and three quarters of a point

to the Westwards. From Dune noze to Portland is West and by South

Southerly. From Portland to the Start is West Southwest and one fifth

part of a point to the Westwards. From the Start to the Ramme is West,

and one fourth part of a point to the Northwards. From the Ramme to

the Dudman is West Southwest, and one sixt part of a point to the

Westwards. From the Dudman to the Lizard is West Southwest, and one

third part of a point to the Southwards. From the Lizard to Lands end

is West Northwest Northerly. From Lands end to Milford is North and

two third parts of a point to the Eastwards. From Milford to S. Dauids

head is North and half a point to the Westwards. From S. Dauids head to

Beardsie, is North and by East, and one eight part of a point to the

Eastwards. From Beardsie to Holly head is North, and one sixt part of a

poynt to the Westwards. From Holly head to the Ile of Man is North and

by East, and one fifth part of a point to the Northwards.

* * * * *

Wee whose names are heerevnder written being called before the right

worshipfull Sir Julius Cesar, Knight, Judge of the Kings Majesties

Highe Court of Admiraltie, and there impanelled, and sworne vpon

a Jurie to sett downe the bounds, and lymits, howfarre the Kings

Chambers, Hauens, or Ports on the Sea coasts doe extend; Do heereby

certifie, and sett downe (according to our best knowledge, and

vnderstanding) that his Highnes said chambers, Hauens, or Ports are all

the Seacoasts within a straight lyne drawne from one head land to the

next head land throughout this realme of England. And for the better

vnderstanding thereof haue made a plott of the same, and haue therevnto

prefixed this our Schedule, shewing how euerie head-land doth beare

vpon a right lyne the one from the other according to the said Plott.

Dated the 4. of March A^o. D^i. 1604 [1604/5] And in the second yeare

of the reigne of our Souueraigne Lord King James, &c.

(Signed) Thomas Milton.

William Bygate.

John Burrell.

William Jones.

Peter Hilles.

Michael Edmondes.

James Woodcolt.

Thomas Beast.

William Juye.

John Skynner.

John Wyldes.

Henry Hauken.

William Cace.

APPENDIX F.

(P. 148.)

PROCLAMATION OF JAMES I. FOR THE RESTRAINT OF FOREIGNERS FISHING ON THE

BRITISH COASTS.

(A Booke of Proclamations, &c. 1609 [1602-1612].)

James by the Grace of God King of Great Britaine, France and Ireland,

Defender of the Faith, &c. To all and singular persons to whom it

may appertaine, Greeting. Although we doe sufficiently know by our

experience in the Office of Regall dignitie (in which by the fauour

of Almighty God, we haue bene placed and exercised these many yeres)

as also by the obseruation which wee haue made of other Christian

Princes exemplary Actions, how farre the absolutenesse of Soueraigne

power extendeth it selfe, And that in regard thereof we need not yeeld

accompt to any person under God, for any action of ours, which is

lawfully grounded upon that iust prerogatiue: Yet such hath euer bene,

and shalbe our care and desire to give satisfaction to our neighbour

Princes, and friends, in any Action which may haue the least relation

to their Subiects and Estates, as we haue thought good (by way of

friendly premonition) to declare unto them all, and to whom soeuer it

may appertaine, as followeth.

Whereas wee haue bene contented since our comming to the Crowne, to

tolerate an indifferent and promiscuous kinde of libertie to all our

friends whatsoeuer, to fish within our streames, and vpon any of our

coasts of Great Britaine, Ireland, and other adiacent Islands, so

farre foorth as the permission or vse thereof might not redound to the

empeachment of our Prerogatiue Royall, nor to the hurt and damage of

our louing Subiects, whose preseruation and flourishing estate we hold

our selfe principally bound to aduance before all worldly respects:

So finding that our conniuence therein, hath not onely giuen occasion

of ouer great encrochments vpon our Regalities, or rather questioning

for our Right, but hath bene a meanes of much dayly wrongs to our owne

people that exercise the trade of Fishing as (either by the multitude

of Strangers, which doe preoccupy those places, or by the iniuries

which they receiue most cõmonly at their hands) our Subiects are

constrained to abandon their Fishing, or at the least are become so

discouraged in the same, as they hold it better for them, to betake

themselues to some other course of liuing, whereby not onely diuers of

our Coast-townes are much decayed, but the number of Mariners dayly

diminished, which is a matter of great consequence to our Estate,

considering how much the strength thereof consisteth in the power

of Shipping, and vse of Nauigation: We haue thought it now both iust

and necessary (in respect that wee are now by Gods fauour lineally

and lawfully possessed, aswell of the Island of Great Britaine, as

of Ireland, and the rest of the Isles adiacent) to bethinke our

selues of good lawfull meanes to preuent those inconueniences, and

many others depending vpon the same. In the consideration whereof,

as we are desirous that the world may take notice, that we haue no

intention to deny our neighbors and Allies, those fruits and benefits

of Peace and friendship, which may be iustly expected at our hands

in honour and reason, or are affoorded by other Princes mutually in

the point of Commerce, and exchange of those things which may not

prooue preiudiciall to them: So because some such conuenient order may

be taken in this matter, as may sufficiently prouide for all these

important considerations which doe depend thereupon; Wee haue resolued

first to give notice to all the world, That our expresse pleasure

is, that from the beginning of the Moneth of August next comming, no

person of what Nation or qualitie soeuer, being not our naturall borne

Subiect, be permitted to fish vpon any of our Coasts and Seas of Great

Britaine, Ireland, and the rest of the Isles adiacent, where most

usually heretofore any fishing hath bene, untill they haue orderly

demanded and obtained licenses from vs, or such our Commissioners, as

we haue authorised in that behalfe, viz. at London for our Realmes of

England and Ireland, and at Edenborough for our Realme of Scotland:

Which Licenses, our intention is, shall be yeerely demanded, for so

many Vessels and ships, and the Tonnage thereof, as shall intend to

fish for that whole yeere, or any part thereof, vpon any of our Coastes

and Seas as aforesaid, vpon paine of such chastisement, as shalbe fit

to bee inflicted vpon such wilfull offendors.

Giuen at our Palace of Westminster, the 6. day

of May, in the 7. Yeere of our Reigne of

Great Britaine, &c.

Anno Dom. 1609.

APPENDIX G.

(Pp. 169, 196.)

INSTRUCTIONS BY THE PRIVY COUNCIL OF SCOTLAND FOR THE LEVYING OF THE

“ASSIZE-HERRINGS” FROM FOREIGN FISHERMEN.

(Register of the Privy Council of Scotland, vol. xi. p. 592.)

Instructionis givin be the Lordis of Secreit Counsall to Mr Johnne

Fentoun, his Majesteis commissionar, who is directit to demand his

Majesteis rent of assyse and teynd frome these of Holland, Zeland,

Hambruch, Ambden, Rustock, and all utheris strangeris haunting the

trade of fisching in his Majesteis seas during this present yeir.

In the first, yow sall prepair your selff and mak you reddie in goode

and comelie ordour and equippage and with all possibill haist to go

in his Majesteis schip callit _The Charles_, quhairof David Murray

is capitane and commander, towardis the North Seas of this Kingdome,

quhair the Hollanderis and utheris strangeris hes thair fisching: And

at your arryveall thair yow salbe cairfull to inquyre and informe

yourselff of the names of the admirallis and vice-admirallis attending

the flott, and of the names of thair schippis, of quhat townes and

provinceis they ar, and quhat nomber of wauchteris and buscheis is sent

oute be every towne, province and estate to attend thair fischeing.

Yow sall be vertew of your commissioun, and attending to the tennour

thairof, demand frome the saidis admirallis, and, incaice of thair

absence, frome the vice-admirallis, and frome tua or thrie of the

waughteris and busches of every estate, his Majesteis rent of assyse

and teynd specifeit and contenit in your commissioun for the haill

fischeis tane and slayne be thame in his Majesteis watteris and seas

this yeir. And yow sall use this requisitoun and demand in fair and

gentill termes and with modestie and discretioun.

Yf thay contravert with yow anent the quantitie of this dewytie, yow

sall not dispute that poynt with thame, bot, if they mak offer of

ane smaller dewytie, althoght it wer bot ane angell for every busche

overhead, yow sall accept of thair offer.

Yf thay sall mak offer of the fische outher for the teynd or assyse,

yow sall accept of thame, and, gif yow find ony countrey vessellis or

boittis thair, yow sall send for thame and putt the fische in thame.

Yf they gif unto yow a delaying answer and crave tyme and laiser to

send to thair superiouris to be advyseit with thame, yow sall accompt

of thair delay as ane refuisall, and accordinglie accept sua of it.

Yf it be objectit unto yow that all the busches ar not of a lyke

burdeyne, and that consequentlie they aucht not to pay a lyke dewytie

for assise and teynd, yow sall in this caise gif defalcatioun to the

smaller busches according to your discretioun and be the aduyse of the

admirallis, gif thay will concur with yow in that erand; provydeing

alwayes that the smallest dewytie to be taine be yow for every busche

be not within ane angell.

Yf the admirallis or vice-admirallis for every toun, estate, or

province will aggrie with yow for the haill busches under thair charge,

yow sall aggrie with thame and gif unto them acquittanceis in name of

the haill that thay tak burdeyne for; bot, yf thay remitt yow to deale

with every busche apairt, yow sall do the same and gif acquettanceis

accordinglie.

Yf refuisall salbe maid unto yow of his Majesties rent and dewytie,

yow sall tak instrumentis upoun the said refuisall without forder

contestatioun; and, gif obedience be givin and payment accordinglie

maid, yow sall lykwayse take instrumentis thairupoun.

Yow sall informe the saidis admirallis, and, incaice of thair absence,

the saidis vice-admirallis, of the complaint maid to his Majesteis

Counsall be his Majesteis subjectis of Zetland anent the greit

oppressioun committit upoun thame be divers personis of the floitt who

comes aschoir upoun thair illis of Halff Grunay, Wedderholme, South

Grunay, and Lungya, and upoun divers utheris pairtis of the countrey,

quhair thay not only enter in kirkis, dimolischeis and brekis doun the

daskis and seattis within the same and schamefullie abuses the same,

to the offence and dishonour of God, bot with that thay spoyle the

countrey people of thair scheip, geis, hennis, eggs, and suche uther

commoditeyis as they find upoun the ground, and sumtymes invaidis and

persewis thame of thair lyveis; and thairfoir yow sall crave redres and

reparatioun to be made for thir wrangis and that the lyke be forborne

in all tyme coming.

APPENDIX H.

(P. 251.)

REGLEMENT FOR PREVENTING ABUSES IN AND ABOUT THE NARROW SEAS AND PORTS.

(State Papers, Domestic. “James I., Vol. 11, No. 40. 1604.” Charles I.,

Vol. 279, No. 18. 1634.)

His most Excellent Ma^{ty} taking into his Royall Consideration, upon

the frequent Complaints, as well of his own Subjects, as the Subjects

of other Princes and States in Peace and Amitie with his Ma^{ty}. That

his Seas (commonly called the four English Seas) are more infested now

a days then heretofore, by men of Warre and such others, who living by

spoile haunt those Seas, with ships and vessels of strength warlikely

appointed to gett prey and booties, whereby not only his Ma^{tye’s}

own Subjects and the Subjects of his friends suffer manifold losses,

violences and Injuryes in their persons, ships and goods, but also

divers strange Insolencyes indignityes and contempts are committed,

tending indirectly and by consequence to the denyall and impeachment

of that Soveraignety and especiall and peculiar Interest and property,

w^{ch} his Ma^{ty} and his Predecessors time out of mind have had and

enjoyed in the said Seas, and soe approved not only by the fundamentall

Lawes of this his Kingdome, but by the acknowledgement and assent of

the bordering Princes and Nations, as appeareth by undoubted Records.

His Ma^{ty} out of his Princely wisedome and providence (with the

Advice of his Privy Councell) hath thought it most necessary, as well

for vindicating his own honour and right in the said Seas, as in point

of Justice for securing the passage of his Subjects and friends to

and frõ his harbours and Ports, and all other Ports [? parts] of his

Dominions, to make this open declaration ensuing.

1. That notwithstanding the continuance of y^e war between the K. of

Spaine on the one side, and the United Provinces of the Low Countryes

on the other side, his Ma^{ty} doth streightly prohibite any force,

violence, surprize, or offense to be done or attempted either frõ Man

of Warre to man of Warre, or man of Warre to Merchant, or Merchant to

Merchant of either Party within the limits w^{ch} his Ma^{ty} will

cause to be described in a Plott for that purpose, but that all of

what Nation soever soe long as they shall be upon those places or Seas

aforesaid, especially within such limits, shall be understood to be

under his Ma^{tyes} Protection, and obliged to be at Peace each with

other.

2. Because it appeareth that an especiall occasion of the mutuall

spoiles and acts of hostility executed by the said men of Warre each

upon other and sometimes upon his Ma^{tyes} own Subjects, or the

Subjects of other Nations w^{ch} are in Amity with the Soveraignes

of the Spoilers, ariseth from the opportunity w^{ch} the said Men

of Warre have by continuing and abiding in havens, Sea-shoares or

Sea-Roades and other harbours of his Ma^{tyes} Kingdomes, whence they

gett intelligence of ships and vessels outward and hitherward bound,

and accordingly assayle them, where it is most for their advantage, to

the great hindrance and interruption of free Commerce and Entercourse,

His Ma^{tyes} Will and Pleasure is, That, for the reasons aforesaid,

noe shipps of Warre, belonging either to the K. of Spaine, or any his

Subjects, or to the said United Provinces, or any of their Subjects

shall be permitted or allowed to come, enter, repaire, or arrive in or

to any of his Ma^{tyes} Towns, Citties, Sea-Shores, Havens, Harbours,

or Sea roades, whatsoever, or there to abide and continue, except they

happen to be constrained either by force of Tempest, or buying of

Victualls, or other things, or for repairing of shipping, so that they

doe no hostile act in the said Places, but demeane themselves honestly

and quietly as it becometh Confederates and friends, and so as they

stay and remaine not in and about the said Ports any longer then shall

be needfull for reparation, and Provision of necessaryes.

3. Albeit his Ma^{ty} doth justly challenge Soveraignety and property

in all those his Seas farre beyond the limits hereafter to be described

and might with like Justice require from all persons using those his

seas a forbearance frõ Injuryes and all hostile actions, yet (in and

through all the same) sodenly to tye the hands of his friends and

Allyes in open hostility each with other is not for some reasons held

convenient at this time. And therefore to avoyde all difficultyes and

Colour of Controversies that may be stirred concerning the bounds and

extent wherein his Ma^{ty} now professeth to yeild Peace and Security

to his friends and neighbours, desiring the same, his Ma^{ty} purposeth

to send Plotts of those limits to be affixed in the most publique

places of his chiefest Sea-Towns and harbours.

4. Because it is very like, that during the continuance of the Warre

betweene the K. of Spaine, and the United Provinces as is aforesaid,

each Party may gaine and acquire frõ other in places out of the

aforesaid Limitts, ships, and goods, His Ma^{ty} doth declare, That

as he will afford to the conquering Partyes, free passage through his

Seas for themselves, their ships and prizes, and like free accesse and

repaire to all his Ports and harbours, and safe aboad and continuance

in the same during their occasions, so his Ma^{ty} shall not understand

it to be any breach of his Peace, or violation of that Security w^{ch}

he intendeth to mainteine, if the enemyes of the conquering Party

shall reconquer or regaine the said Prizes, before the conquering

Party shall have brought his said Prizes within any of his Ma^{tyes}

harbours, or when after they shall have departed with the said Prizes

homewards, or elsewhere from the said harbours, the right of Warre and

Law of Nations giving like allowance to either of the said hostile

actions, Provided always, that his Ma^{ty} doth not mean hereby to

derogate from the Jurisdiction of his Court of Admiralty, but if

any action (in forme of Law) shall be lawfully instituted and duly

presented in the Admirall Court ag^t the said Prizes and the Takers

thereof, his Ma^{ty} will cause Justice to be administred in that

behalfe with all possible expedition.

5. Whereas mention is often made in the premisses of his Ma^{tyes}

Protection within the aforesaid bounds and limits, his Ma^{ty} is now

pleased further to expresse his Intention and meaning to that effect,

viz. That he shall readyly give his Letters of Safe Conduct under the

Great Seale of his Admiralty to any the Subjects of the Princes or

States in league and Amity with his Ma^{ty} desiring the same from the

Lords Commiss^{rs} of the Admiralty, to whom his Ma^{ty} will referre

the Consideration and allowance of such Petitions, the said Letters of

Safe Conduct to be conceived in the best forme. And if any man of Warre

or other Person whatsoever shall assault or use any violence to any

ship or vessell, or the persons therein, within the limits aforesaid

his Ma^{ty} will hold such offender being lawfully convicted thereof

for a Pirate, and will cause his Officers to inflict such punishment

thereupon, as in Cases of Piracy is usuall, if the said offenders can

be apprehended within any his Ma^{tyes} Countrey or Dominions, or

any other, or any other ships or goods belonging to them, To w^{ch}

purpose his Ma^{ty} will cause notice to be given from the Court of his

Admiralty to all his Officers in Ports and Vice-Admiralls and Captaines

of his Forts and ships, But if all this notwithstanding, the said

offenders cannot be attached or apprehended, then the Party wronged,

upon sufficient testimonyes to be recorded in the Court of Admiralty

may take out of the said Court Processe, conteining a Monition for the

said pretended offenders, to appeare in the Court of Admiralty within

4 moneths next after the date of the said Processe, there to answer

for the pretended wrong or violence, the said Processes to be affixed

openly in some eminent place of the Royall Exchange, London. And if

the said offenders shall not render their bodyes to Justice, then upon

faith made, that the said Processe was duly taken out, and the next

day after the date thereof was publiquely affixed as is aforesaid, his

Ma^{ty} will by his Letters of Request under his Privy Seale to the

Soveraignes of the said offenders, or otherwise, pursue such further

proceedings ag^t the said offenders, as is agreeable to the Custome

amongst Sovereigne States and Princes and the Law of Nations in like

Cases.

APPENDIX I.

(P. 289.)

REPORT OF THE ADMIRALTY TO CHARLES I. AS TO THE EMPLOYMENT OF THE

SHIP-MONEY FLEET IN WAFTING AND SECURING FOREIGN MERCHANTS PASSING

THROUGH HIS MAJESTY’S SEAS, AND IN PROTECTING FOREIGN FISHERMEN WHO

ACCEPT THE KING’S LICENSE.

(State Papers, Domestic. Charles I., Vol. 313, No. 24.)

It may Please your Ma^{ty},

According to your Majesty’s commandment, wee, your Commissioners for

ye Admiralty have mett and consulted on those two pointes which you

were pleased to recommend to our consideration, touching the imploying

of your fleete for yo^r Honor and Proffit. The one for the wafting and

securing of Merchants that pass through yo^r Majesty’s seas. The other

for protecting all such fishermen in generall as shall exercise that

trade by your Majesty’s license upon yo^r seas and coastes.

The first of these that fell into debate was that concerning the

fishing, and by S^r Henry Martin it was made evident vnto vs that y^r

Ma^{ts} father of blessed memory in ... yeere of his Raigne, was,

vpon long and mature deliberacion, satisfied and resolved, that the

fishing in his Seas, and upon the coasts of his Dominions, did justly

appertain unto him as a right incident to his Crownes, and that in

pursuance thereof, he did then sett out his Royall Proclamation,

thereby declaring his title, as allso his pleasure, that no stranger of

what quality soever should presume to fish there without his expresse

license, and so was graciously pleased in the said Proclamation to

appoint, that for the Coastes of England and Ireland licenses should be

given in London, and for those of Scotland in Edenborough.

And howsoever S^r Henry Martin did allso make it appear unto us that

the States of the Vnited Provinces did at that time sende Commissioners

into England who presented to his Majesty a paper contayning

allegations by w^{ch} they did entend to prove continued custom and a

present possession of that fishing, mentioning w^{t}all som treaties

that had bene heretofore betwene the Kinges of Englande and the Dukes

of Burgundy in fauor of that their fishing, yet upon the whole matter,

and after due deliberation, wee were all of opinion and are so still,

that the Right and Royallty of that fishing upon yo^r Ma^{ts} Coastes

doth undoubtedly belong unto yo^r Majesty by inheritance, so you may

iustly prohibit or license all strangers at yo^r Royall will and

pleasure.

This being laid for the ground, wee proceeded (according to your

Majesty’s directions) to the consideration of what was now fitting

to be advised unto yo^r Majesty vpon this present occasion of yo^r

strength at sea, and are all of opinion, that this season is most

propper again not only to set on foote, but to putt in execucion that

yo^r Majesty’s so iust clayme, so as then there only remayned our

consultation _de modo_.

In this wee are now much guided by that which yo^r Majesty yo^r selfe

was pleased to declare unto us concerning the protecting of all such

fishers as shall take yo^r license. For it is most certain that the

Hollanders will by no meanes be so much induced (be the right what

it will) as by consideracions of their owne proffitt and safety. Wee

therefore thought itt (and do most humbly offer it to yo^r Majesty as

our opinion) that vnto the Minister or Ministers of the States residing

here, it may be intimated and declared, that yo^r Majesty doth no way

relinquish that iust right and clayme of inheritance to the Royall

fishings, so divolved unto you from yo^r Royall Predecessors, but are

resolved to defende it as the hereditary right and possession of any

other yo^r Dominions. Yet least they should think you do now challenge

it in a tyme that they have most neede of yo^r favor and grace, it may

be tolde them, that it is farr otherwise, for whereas yo^r Majesty’s

father did barely offer them licenses, you do now offer them safety and

protection w^{t}all, and that w^{ch} further moved you to do it, in

this season, is, that by a third Prince, they are of late interrupted

and beaten from that fishing even in sight of yo^r Majesty’s harbours;

wherein yo^r Majesty is prejudiced in honor and Interest, and they in

Proffit.

That it is not vnknown to the States how much their enemies are

resolved to interrupt that their fishing, as holding it a most certain

way and meanes both to weaken and impoverish them.

That by taking licenses from yo^r Majesty you may justify the drawing

yo^r sword in their defence, and likewise for the maintenance of

the said licenses against any notwithstanding any league or treaty

whatsoever, w^{ch} without that obligation might seeme a breach of that

neutrality w^{ch} hitherto yo^r Ma^{ty} hath preserved in yo^r selfe.

And lastly wee tooke into consideration that in case the Hollanders

shall willfully refuse to take those licenses upon so gracious and

fauorable conditions from yo^r Majesty then we were all cleere of

opinion, that yo^r M. should renew and publish the like proclamation

to that of the King yo^r father, and prosecute the settling of that

yo^r right as a thing so highly concerning you in honor, dominion and

profit. And so we do humbly conclude this point, with advice, that all

such licenses as shalbe granted, be rated according to the tonne or

burden of the vessells, so to be licensed.

Touching that of the Wafting of Merchants strangers shippes that shall

passe through yo^r Majesty’s seas, we are cleere of opinion that yo^r

M. ought to have a profit by it, seeing that they are thereby preserved

from oppression and ruine. But we are not of opinion that this profit

should arise by way of a generall Imposition vpon all that passe: for

that wold, doubtlesse, draw a iust complaint and clamor from yo^r

neighbour Princes and their subjects. But that it should be taken of

such as shall desire waftage, w^{ch} yo^r M. may direct not to be

denyed to any of what Christian nacion soever that shall demande it,

not being men-of-warre.

And because it wilbe a difficult matter to expresse in any Commission

or Instructions a certain somme or duety to be taken of every ship so

wafted, for that som shippes are rich, others of lesse value; som will

require a short waftage, others a longer. Therefore we are of opinion,

that for the value, much is to be left to the discretion of yo^r

Majesty’s Generall and commanders, and that som honest hable men may

be employed to keepe bookes, and to receave the moneyes of all those

waftings w^{ch} shall occurr, and be accomptable and answerable for the

same. [5 Feb. 1635/1636 Copy by Windebank.]

APPENDIX K.

(P. 389.)

ABSTRACT OF THE THIRTY-SIX ARTICLES PROPOSED BY: THE DUTCH TO ST JOHN

AT THE HAGUE, 1651.

State Papers. Foreign. Treaty Papers (Holland), No. 46. 1651.

A Briefe Narrative of the Treatie at the Hague betweene the hono^{ble}

Oliver S^t John, Lord Chiefe Justice of the Court of Com̃on Pleas, and

Walter Strickland Esq. Embassado^{rs} extraordinary of the Parliament

of the Com̃onwealth of England, to the great Assembly of the States

Generall of the United Provinces begun upon the 20th of March 1650

[1651] and continued vntill the 20th of June 1651 and then broke of re

infecta.

A Drafte of the Treatie which is to be made and entred into with the

extraordinary Ambassado^{rs} of the Republique of England.

2.

[Sidenote: Confederated ffr^{ds} for defence &c. & against

Dystourb^{rs} &c.]

That they shalbe, and remayne confederated friends, vnited, and allyed

for the defence, and preservation of the Libertye and freedomes of each

others people, and mutuall Com̃erce Navigacion,and Com̃on Interests

against all those that shall endeavour to disturbe either of the States

in the same by water or land in manner as is herevnder declared and

expressed.

17.

[Sidenote: Libertie to dwell in each oth^{rs} lands & to enjoy equall

p^{r}ivil^{ges} w^{th} the Natiues &c.]

The subiects, and Inhabitants on both sydes may com̃e, and dwell in

each others lands reciprocallye, and take their setled residence there,

have their owne houses there to dwell in, and their Warehouses for to

bring their goods, wares, and Merchandizes thither, and also vse their

trade, and com̃erce there in all securitye, and without hinderance of

any one as well at sea, other waters, as at land, enioyeing there, and

every where else, the same, privilidges, Libertie, and freedome, as

the Inhabitants, and each others subiects doe respectively enioy there

in their own Country, and in case any hinderances happen they shall

really, and speedilye be removed.

18.

[Sidenote: Free libertie of Fishing &c.]

The subiects, and Inhabitants of either, of what qualitie, or condition

soever they be, may sayle, and fish every where at sea freely,

without any disturbance Licence, Patent, or Passe port, as well

herring, as all other sorte of fish, great and small, and the sayd

Fishermen being driven out of the sea by storme, Rovers, Enemyes, or

any other accident, and coming in, or to any of the other Havens, or

Jurisdictions shalbe well, and freindly receaved, and entreated, and

may depart thence againe with their ships, fish, furniture for fishing,

and other laedings, (in such case, and not haveing broak bulke there,)

freely without payeing custome, or any the least duty.

19.

[Sidenote: No harboring of Pyrates &c.]

[Sidenote: Rouers & Coceal^{rs} to be punish^d & y^e ships & goods

restored &c.]

For to make the free Navigation, and com̃erce, on the seas, Rivers, and

every where more certeyne, the said Republicke, and Vnited Provinces,

shall not receave, nor suffer, or permitt that any Pyrats, or Searovers,

be receaved, kept, or harboured by their subiects, in their respective

Havens, Lands, Cittyes, or Townes but shall cause as well the said

cencealo^{rs}, as Rovers, to be persequuted, apprehended, and punished,

for terrou^r to others as is fitt, and the roved ships, goods,

Merchandises yet in Esse, and in being, yea though they were there

sould, shalbe restored, or made good to the right owners, or to such as

have their Assignm^{ts}, or Lett^{rs} of Attorney, who doe sue for, and

reclayme the said roved ships, and goods, vpon a iuratory affirmation

of the reclaymer till better proofe.

20.

[Sidenote: Sufficient securitie by those who goe out vpon particul^r

com̃issions.]

All perticuler persons on either syde, that goe out upon perticular

Com̄issions, shalbe bound before they may goe to sea, to put in

sufficient securitie before the Judge of the place from whence he setts

saile.

21.

[Sidenote: Both to set out Fleets for scouring the Seas &c.]

And to cleare the seas from all Pyrats, and Rovers, of what nation

soever they bee, and to defend, and free the Libertie, and freedome

of both the Nations Com̃erce, Navigation, and Freefishing as well in

the North sea, Ocean, as Mediterranean sea, and all channells, and

Streights ruñing betweene ’em; the sayd Republicke of England and the

Vnited Netherlands shall provide and añually set out to sea a strong

fleete at least of ... [_sic_] Vessells, and the like proportion

of men, munition of warr, Victualls, and all necessary furniture,

wherewith each vnder his owne Admirall, and flagg, shall crosse, and

scoure the said seas, to witt those of England from ... vntill ... and

those of the Lowe countryes from ... till ... beginning the first of

... and stayeing till the last of ... and shalbe bound to seaze on, and

master all Pyrats that they shall meete with, the ships of either of

the nations by them taken to restore to the true owners, and if it be

needfull, and requisite to helpe, and seacond each other, each to keepe

his taken bootye, or prises for himselfe, and so to cleare, and free

the said seas, and channell, or straights from all Pyrats and searovers.

22.

[Sidenote: Each parties Fleetes to force to Reparacion hinders of y^e

Com̄erce navigcion Fish^g &c.]

And for the further defence and advancem^t of the freedome, and

Libertie of both the said Nations Com̃erce, Navigation, and

freefishinge in the sayd seas, the sayd fleets and alsoe other men

of warr, and com̃ission bearers on either syde, shall not only doe

against Pyrats in manner aforesayd, but alsoe against all, and singuler

persons, whatsoever they be that shall chance to trouble, molest, hinder,

exacte, or against the Lawe of all nations burthen, or charge them,

or either of them in the sayd freedome, Com̃erce, Navigation, and

fishing. It is intended neverthelesse that the dampnifyed partie shall

first, and aforehand complayne of the same to the undampnifyed partie,

and endeavo^r together by all freindly waies, and intercession, that

they who molested them doe make reparation to content, But if it be not

so done, that then they shall seaze, take, and surprize in the said

seas, not onlie with the said Fleete, but alsoe with all the strength

of shipping which they can bring to sea the ships, and goods of the

Cittie, and of her inhabitants, who have done the said trouble and

so continewe vntill that the dampnifyed partye shall have gott full

satisfaction, and every thing be putt agayne in full Freedome, that all

dam̃age may be recovered, in case they chance to goe beyond or exceed

their com̃ission, and charge.

23.

[Sidenote: Men of warr to protect y^e Merh^{ts} ships of each party or of

y^e Allies &c.]

The men of warr of either partye meeting or overtakeing any Marchant

shipp, or ships at sea, of the other partie, or of the others subiects,

or of the Allyes (alsoe comprehended in this Treatye) and haveing both

one course, or goeing both one way shalbe bound so longe as they keepe

one course togeather to take them vnder their protection, and to defend

them against all, and everyone.

24.

[Sidenote: Retaking of ships taken in one anoth^{rs} Havens.]

In case any shipp, or ships of eithers subiects, or of a Newter chance

to be taken in the Havens, or Libertyes of the one or the other by a

third partie, being no subiects of either partie, they in or out of

whose Havens, or Libertyes the said ship, or ships shall be taken,

shalbe bound to help with the other party, to endeavo^r that the sayd

taken ship, or ships may be followed, brought back, and restored to the

Owners, but all at the charges of the said Owners, or interessed.

25.

[Sidenote: Ships forced into Haven through any Misfortune may depart

againe freely w^{th}out paying any Dutie &c.]

In case any Marchants ships of the subiects of either partye chance

to com̃e to harbour in the Land of one or the other by tempest, or

by pursuite of Searovers, or through any other necessitye, force, or

misfortune, they may sayle out agayne from thence freely at their

pleasure, without that they shall therefore be bound to goe on shoare,

vnlade, or sell their Merchandizes there, nor to paye for the same any

duties, or customes, it shall in such cases be enough if they shew

their Maritine lett^{rs} and Passe ports without being subiect to any

other search.

26.

[Sidenote: None to come into each oth^{rs} Havens w^{th} men of warr to

a Number w^{ch} might cause suspition &c. w^{th}out Leaue &c.]

They may not come to, or in, nor stay in the Havens of each others

Country with men of warr, and souldiers, to a number which might cause

apparent suspition, or ill thoughts, without consent, or leave of those

vnder whome the said Havens are, vnlesse they be driven by tempest, or

forced to doe soe through necessitye, and to avoyd any dangers of the

sea.

27.

[Sidenote: Oth^r men of warre to come & goe freely &c.]

For the men of warr of either syde, not being in soe great a number to

cause any suspition, the Havens, rivers, and roades of either party,

shall be alwayes open and free for to come in, there lye at Ancher, and

sayle out agayne without any hinderance, or trouble; the sayd men of

warr regulating themselves neverthelesse according to the lawes, and

customes of the respective places.

28.

[Sidenote: Men of warre not to be searcht onely com̄ing into Hauens to

shew their Com̄iss^{ns}.]

Provided neverthelesse that none of the men of Warr, or such as have

Com̃ission on either syde, shalbe subiect to any search, or visitation

there, or on the respective coasts, or alsoe in the full sea, further

then only to shew each others Com̄issions, com̄eing into their

respective Havens, and not otherwise.

29.

[Sidenote: Like libertie touch^g Prizes &c.]

All perticular Com̄ission bearers on either side, shall likewise enioy

the same freedome, in respect of their owne ships, as alsoe of the

prises which they shall have taken from their particular on the com̄on

Enemy, for to bring the said prises to the place where they are bound

according to their Com̄ission, which they shalbe bound to informe, or

make knowne to the Officers of the place, or to paie any dutye vnto

them, or any else there, they shalbe neverthelesse bound to shew their

respective Com̄issions to the sayd Officers.

30.

[Sidenote: Goods of eith^r p^{ty} found in Enemies ships to be prize as

well as y^e ships.]

The goods, wares, and merchandizes of the subiects, and inhabitants of

either partie, laeden, and found in Enemyes ships shalbe vnfree, and

prise as well as y^e ships.

31.

[Sidenote: No Assistance to Enem^s or Rebels by Cōtrab^{da} wares &c.]

[Sidenote: What serues for victuall or mainten^{a}nce of Life to be

free &c.]

It is alsoe expressly agreed, that the parties Contracto^{rs} shall

not give, nor suffer that out of their respective Countries, by their

subiects, or other Newters any assistance be done to their respective

enemies, or rebells, of any Contrabanda wares, or Marchandises, as are

all manner of fyreworks, and what else belongs therevnto, as Cannon,

Musketts, Morterpieces Petards, Guns, Granadoes, Sawsiges, ..., [?,]

Rests, Bandeliers, Powder Match, Saltpeter, Bullets; all sortes of

armes, as Pykes, swordes, Headpieces, Cuirasses, Holberds, and such

lyke; as also souldiers Horses, horse furniture, Pistoll cases,

Rapiers, Belts, and all furniture, fashioned, and made for vse of warr,

with expresse meaning that vnder the name of Contraband, or forbidden

goods, there shall not be comprehended wheat, Corne, and other grayne,

Pease, Beanes, Wheat [_sic_: Meat?], Salt, Wyne, Oyle, nor generally

all that serves for food, and maintenance of lyfe, but shalbe free,

as other goods above mentioned, And any of the said Contraband goods,

being found in each others ships, they may be confiscated after

knowledge of the case before a competent Judge, without troubling any

other Wares, or goods.

32.

[Sidenote: No carying of anie Portug^{ll} goods &c. vpon Penaltie of

Losse of y^e ships &c.]

It is further bespoake, that the subiects, and inhabitants of either

side, may not transporte, or carry any Portingall goods, wares, or

Merchandises out of America, Asia, or Affrica, or into, or out of

Europe, or one parte thereof to another, nor vice versâ from Europe to

America, Asia, or Affrica, nor from one part of them to another, upon

penaltye of losse of the same ships.

33.

[Sidenote: Ships cast away If claym^d w^{th}in a yeare & a Day to be

w^{th} y^e goods restored to the Own^{er}s w^{th}out suite.]

If any ships either for warr, or marchandise, or other of either

partye by storme, or any other misfortune, chance to be stranded, or

cast away on the coast of either country, the said ships with their

Apparell, and all therein may be reclaymed, and brought back againe

within the space of a yeare, and a day, by the right owners or there

Assignes, or deputies, and shalbe restored againe to them without any

forme of suite onlye payeing for the charges done about ’em, and a

reasonable gratuitye or salvage money, and in case upon such, and the

like accidents, subiects of either side chance to fall to question, the

officers of the respective places shall be bound to doe good, and right

Justice betweene the partyes, without deteyning them by any formalitye

of processe.

APPENDIX L.

(P. 398.)

TROMP’S MEMORANDUM TO THE STATES OF HOLLAND AS TO THE CUSTOM OF

STRIKING THE FLAG TO THE ENGLISH. 27th FEBRUARY/9th MARCH 1651.

(Aitzema, _Saken van Staet en Oorlogh, in, ende omtrent de Vereenigde

Nederlanden_, Vol. iii. p. 731.)

Wanneer deses Staets Schepen van Oorloge in Zee quamen te ontmoeten

een Engelsch Koninghs Schip, op-hebbende de Vlagge als Admirael,

Vice-Admirael ofte Schout bij nacht; dat deses Staets-Schepen hare

Admiraels Vlagge ende Mars-zeylen streecken en schoten negen, seven

of vijf Eer-schoten (daer op de Engelsche antwoordede met gelijcke

Eer-schoten) en lieten de Vlagge gestreken hangen tot sij van

malkanderen scheyden, met het schieten van drie of een Adieu-schoot;

en weynigh van den anderen zijnde, setten de Staetsche de Vlagge

wederom op. Doch voor particuliere Konings Schepen streken geen

Vlagge, alleen salueerden malkanderen met eenige Eer-schooten. Maer

is verscheyden-malen geschiet, dat particuliere Schepen van weynigh

geweldt zijnde, oock naer de Vlagge van Staetsche hebben geschoten,

uyt hooghmoet, willende hebben dat men soude strijcken: daer meesten

tijdt op is gevolgt, dat de Staetsche wederom na haer hebben geschoten

en haer tanden laten sien, en geen macht hebbende de Staetsche daer

toe te dwingen, moesten met uytlacchen haer Kours gaen; doch is bij

haer en die van desen Staet veel tijdts gesien op de meeste macht, en

dan discretie gebruyckt. Binnen haer Havenen ende Casteelen komende,

salueerden de Casteelen met Eer-schoten (die oock wederom antwoorden)

en namen de Vlagge in, en lieten in plaets een Wimpel waijen, soo lange

die van desen Staet binnen haer Havenen lagen, in sonderheydt wanneer

eenige Konings Schepen daer waren die de Konings Vlagge lieten waeijen.

Doch geen Konings Schepen zijnde, is ’t verscheyde-malen gebeurt, dat

de Gouverneurs van de Casteelen een Expressen aen boort stuyrden uyt

courtosie, en gaven consent, dat de Staetsche haer Admiraels Vlagge

souden opsetten en laten waijen: mits wederom uyt-zeylende ende de

Casteelen passerende, de Vlagge streecken en lieten hanghen, totdat men

met Eer-schooten haer hadde gesalueert, en sij gheantwoordt; dan wierde

wederom de Staetsche Vlagge op geset.

APPENDIX M.

(P. 404.)

CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN TROMP AND BLAKE.

(De Zee Betwist. Geschiedenis der Onderhandelingen over de

Zeeheerschappij tusschen de Engelsche Republiek en de Vereenigde

Provinciën vóór den eersten Zee-Oorlog. Dr M. C. Tideman.)

MONS^R,

Le 19/29 du Mois passé nous entrerencontrans en mer mon invention

[_sic_: intention?] estoit de vous saluer, mais me voyant attacquée

de la sorte, et n’ayant peu scavoir la vostre puisque devant ny apres

ladite rencontre je n’ay parlé a personne des vostres ne doubtant

toutesfois nullemant (selon que m’a tesmoigné Mons^r. le Commandeur

Born, par les responses qu’il a faictes et données a celuy que je luy

envoyois pour luy communiquer mon ordre et sincere Intention) que ne

soions amis et bons alliez, fus contraint, comme un homme d’honneur,

tant seulement de me defendere, mais d’autant que aujourdhuy, estant a

lancre devant Calais on ma rapporté, qu’un de nos Navires le Capiteyne

Tuynemans de Middelbourg auroit este emmené a vostre Rade aux d’unes,

lequel je croiois estre coulé en fond, comme celuy seul qu’il nous

defailloit. C’est pourquoi je vous supplie en toute amitie que ce

soit votre plasir, que ledit navire nous soit rendu et mis en main du

porteur de ceste, en forme qu’il a este prins, et me promets, que la

bonne alliance et union entre Messeigneurs les Estats de Vostre et de

nostre Republycque, nostre Religion et mutuelle amitié fera, que ne

voudres le refuser, Sur quoy me tiendray obligé de demeurer, comme

veritablement je suis,

Monsieur,

Vostre Tres humble Serviteur,

(Signé) M. HARP^{TS}. TROMP.

En notre navire _Le Brederode_ le 2^e Junij

1652 a la Rade de Calais.

The superscription was:--

A Monsieur,

Monsieur N. N. Blake, Collonel et Admirael au Service de Messeigneurs

les Estats de la Republicque d’Angleterre, ou en son absence au

Commandant a present aux d’unes.

Gardiner (Letters and Papers, 257) gives Blake’s reply “retranslated

from the Dutch translation.” The original, which was appended to

Tromp’s letter to the States-General, is given by Tideman, as follows,

from _Lias Admiraliteit_: Bijvoegsel bij Tromps brief aan H. Ho. Mo.

uit Ostende d. d. 10 Juni 1652.

S^r,

Y^r Letter of the second of June 1652 stilo novo, brought by yo^r

Messenger, was read by mee not without much wonder that you stiling

yo^r selfe a person off honor should insert therin toe great mistakes

after yo^r seeking out the ffleet of the Parliament of the Comonwealth

of England instead of performing those usuall respects which off

right belong unto them and which yo^r selve have often done, you

were pleased to beginn acts off hostility which you call yo^r owne

defence against the commonwealth, without the least provocation on

the part of their servants thus assaulted by you, and at a time when

yo^r Superiours, and their Ambassadors with the Parlyament were in

a Treaty and desire of friendshipp with the Comonwealth of England,

but that God in whome wee trust, having defeated your purposes of our

destruction and some off yo^r ships taken, you thincke fitt to demaund

the same off us as if yo^r former accord had been as you call it but a

salutation and when that fayled, you would second yo^r high affronts

by yo^r paper to which I doe not thincke fitt to returne any other

Answere, But that I presume you will find the Parlyament sensible of

these greate Iniuries and of the Losse off the innocent bloud of their

Countrymen, And you will find likewise ready to obey their comandts,

Yo^r humble Servant,

ROB: BLAKE.

DOWNES, _29th May 1652_.

APPENDIX N.

(P. 461.)

CONCESSION TO BRUGES TO FISH IN THE BRITISH SEAS.[1405]

(State Papers--King’s Letter Book, 1664-1670. Foreign Entry Book. Vol.

174, p. 119.)

Carolvs &c. Omnibus ad quos præsentes literæ pervenerint vel ullo

modo spectaverint salutem. Cum in virtutum albo longè Princeps

audiat liberalitas, quippe quæ non tantùm beneficia sed ipsam etiam

benevolentiam et humanitatem secum comites trahat, Hinc est, quod

Nobilissimæ et antiquissimæ civitatis Brugensis summis erga Nos

meritis coacti quodammodo, animique Nostri ductum secuti [sicuti],

tum maximè accepti hospitij memores, in hoc unum ferimur [feremur]

ut priorum prementes Vestigia grati in eam animi non leve argumentum

posteris quoquo modo traderemus; Et sanè affectu tam [tum] singulari

non tantùm Sacerdotum, Consulum, Senatorum, et summus ille Nobilium

ordo, sed universa passim Urbs et Nos et fratres Nostros iniquitate

rerum hospites olim factos fovit semper et propensior indies accepit,

ut animo Nostro altius infixa recens adhuc amoris tantó hæreat memoria,

eaque jure quodam hæreditario ad Successores Nostros deferenda, ne

posteris Nostris tantæ benignitatis ingrata tandem obrepat oblivio,

Regnis utique [utque] Nostris ejecti benigniori hospitio in tantum

recreari cœpimus, ut iniquam [inquam] fortunæ invidiam æquiori animo

tulisse videremur, eo saltem nomine non passuri [possum] unquam ut

ad priorem statum reduces ingratorum notâ laboremus. Vellemus quidem

eâdem alacritate quâ prædicta Civitas Brugensis (Celeberrimum quondam

Emporium tum magnificentiâ, amplitudine et fulgore præ cæteris clarum)

benevolentiæ et benignitatis fidem coluit, gratum animum testari, &

Civitati de Nobis tam bene meritæ pristinam gloriam et splendorem

illæsum prorsus, et [est] integrum præstare. Quâ de causâ à Viro

Nobis præcipuè dilecto Marco Alberto Dognati Equite [d’Ognati Equiti]

Aurato, Regisque Catholici ad renovandam Belgij Dignitatem Commissario,

rebusque Nostris singulari curâ intento à charissimo consanguineo

Nostro (et) Illustrissimo Marchione [Marchioni] de Castel-Rodrigo

Belgij et Burgundiæ Gubernatore de Commercij libertate hoc tempore

faciendâ misso [misse] tum literas, tum Monochroma Novi Opificij,

Portus, usque ad Oceanum Ductus [ductos] nuper elaborati et in capacem

Navigationis formam redacti, grato animo accepimus; Lætique benignitate

pristinâ, Regiam aliquam prærogativam quæ non [non non] ingrate

spondeat, in predictam civitatem Brugensem conferre meditamur, plenâ

potestate & authoritate Nostrâ Regiâ plenè, liberè sponte, ac motu

proprio dantes & concedentes sicuti [sicut] per præsentes pro Nobis,

Hæredibus et Successoribus Nostris damus et concedimus, ut prædicta

civitas Brugensis quocunque demum impedimento obstante Quinquaginta

Naves piscatorias in Mare Nostrum in futurum possit deducere, nec non

juxta Regnorum Nostrorum Oras et Littora liberè ac secure piscaturam

exercere, tum etiam Haleces [Halices] piscesque alios quoscunque

captare. Licebit porrò prædictæ Urbis Civibus ad Portus Nostros Littora

et flumina cum prædictis Navibus appellere, retia siccanda [seccanda]

et resarcienda in terram exponere, periculis hostium tempestatumque

sese subducere, necessaria tum ad victum tum ad alia quæcunque in

oppidis alijsque locis Regnorum Nostrorum justo pretio coemere,

nullâque aliâ ad hoc speciali facultate aut salvi [salvus] conductûs

literis habitis aut petitis inde redire liberèque [libere] recedere ita

tamen ut dictæ Civitatis Brugensis Magistratûs literis, præsentium

vigore sub sigillo ejus exhibendis, instructi veniant; caveant interim

prædictarum Navium piscatoriarum proprietarij, fide prius datâ apud

dictum Magistratum per sponsores idoneos, ne per ipsos piscatores,

Nautas, aliosvè ad pisces derehendos substitutos, ad loca Nobis et

Regnis Nostris inimica hujusmodi onus subrehi sinant [hujusmodi oras

sinant et] aut permittant. Volumus igitur et per præsentes decernimus,

ut prædicta piscandi libertas juxta numerum Navium supramemoratarum

præfatis Urbis Brugensis Civibus solva [sola] semper et integra maneat,

et in perpetuum per Nos ac Hæredes et Successores Nostros stabilita

continuetur. Nèque quisquam subditorum Nostrorum, cujuscunque statûs,

authoritatis, gradûs seu conditionis, huic [hujus] Nostræ liberæ et

spontaneæ concessioni [concessionis] gratiæ, favori et privilegio,

quoquo modo contravenito. Mandamus igitur et injungimus Fratri Nostro

Charissimo Ducé Eboracensi Magno Nostro Angliæ Admiralio [Admirallo]

Nec non omnibus et singulis Regnorum Nostrorum Thalassiarchis,

Navium Bellicarum capitaneis et Ductoribus Provinciarum, Urbium,

Arciumque maritimarum Præfectis et eorum Vicem gerentibus, Judicibus,

Officialibus, et alijs quibuscunque Ministris Nostris et juris

Administratoribus, &c., ut prædictis piscatoribus in quācunque maris

parte vel juxta littora, flumina, Portusve Nostros obviam facti, non

modo illis injuriam non inferant, sed eós etiam amicè et benevolè

excipiant, ac ubi opus fuerit, ijs opem ferant ijsdemque liberum

accessum et recessum reditumque in patriam unà cum Navibus, piscibus,

cæterisque bonis suis, nullo facto impedimento seu contradictione

quâcunque præstent et permittant. In quorum omnium majorem fidem [fidem

majorem] præsentibus hisce manu Nostrâ Regiâ signatis [signatas] Magnum

Nostrum Angliæ Sigillum appendi fecimus. Dabantur, &c., Julij 1666

[_sic_].

APPENDIX O.

(P. 692.)

TERRITORIAL WATERS.

The articles adopted by the Institut de Droit International at Paris

in 1894, and accepted with slight modifications by the International

Law Association at London in 1895. [_Note._--The additions to and

alterations of the Rules adopted at Paris, which were made at London,

are indicated by italic type.]

L’INSTITUT,

Considérant qu’il n’y a pas de raison pour confondre en une seule zône

la distance nécessaire pour l’exercice de la souveraineté et pour la

protection de la pêche littorale et celle qui l’est pour garantir la

neutralité des non-belligérants en temps de guerre;

Que la distance la plus ordinairement adoptée de trois milles de la

laisse de basse marée a été reconnue insuffisante pour la protection

de la pêche littorale;

Que cette distance ne correspond pas non plus à la portée réelle des

canons placés sur la côte;

a adopté les dispositions suivantes:

ARTICLE PREMIER.--L’État a un droit de souveraineté sur une zône de la

mer qui baigne la côte, sauf le droit de passage inoffensif réservé à

l’article 5.

Cette zône porte le nom de mer territoriale.

ART. 2.--La mer territoriale s’étend à six milles marins (60 au degré

de latitude) de la laisse de basse marée _ou de la ligne de laquelle

il est parlé dans l’article 3_, sur toute l’étendue des côtes.

ART. 3.--Pour les baies, la mer territoriale suit les sinuosités de la

côte, sauf qu’elle est mesurée à partir d’une ligne droite tirée en

travers de la baie dans la partie la plus rapprochée de l’ouverture

vers la mer, où l’écart entre les deux côtes de la baie est de _dix_

milles marins de largeur, à moins qu’un usage continu et séculaire

n’ait consacré une largeur plus grande.

ART. 4.--En cas de guerre, l’État riverain neutre a le droit de fixer,

par la déclaration de neutralité ou par notification spéciale, sa zône

neutre au delà de six milles, jusqu’à portée du canon des côtes.

ART. 5.--Tous les navires sans distinction ont le droit de passage

inoffensif par la mer territoriale, sauf le droit des belligérants

de réglementer et, dans un but de défense, de barrer le passage

dans ladite mer pour tout navire, et sauf le droit des neutres de

réglementer le passage dans ladite mer pour les navires de guerre

de toutes nationalités. _Il n’est pas dérogé par cet article aux

dispositions de l’article 10._

ART. 6.--Les crimes et délits commis à bord de navires étrangers de

passage dans la mer territoriale par des personnes qui se trouvent à

bord de ces navires, sur des personnes ou des choses à bord de ces

mêmes navires, sont, comme tels, en dehors de la juridiction de l’État

riverain, à moins qu’ils n’impliquent une violation des droits ou

des intérêts de l’État riverain, ou de ses ressortissants ne faisant

partie ni de l’équipage ni des passagers.

ART. 7.--Les navires qui traversent les eaux territoriales se

conformeront aux règlements spéciaux édictés par l’État riverain dans

l’intérêt et pour la sécurité de la navigation et pour la police

maritime.

ART. 8.--Les navires de toutes nationalités, par le fait seul qu’ils

se trouvent dans les eaux territoriales, à moins qu’ils n’y soient

seulement de passage, sont soumis à la juridiction de l’État riverain.

L’État riverain a le droit de continuer sur la haute mer la poursuite

commencée dans la mer territoriale, d’arrêter et de juger le navire

qui aurait commis une infraction _pénale_ dans les limites de ses

eaux. En cas de capture sur la haute mer, le fait sera, toutefois,

notifié sans délai à l’État dont le navire porte le pavillon. La

poursuite est interrompue dès que le navire entre dans la mer

territoriale de son pays ou d’une tierce puissance. Le droit de

poursuite cesse dès que le navire sera entré dans un port de son pays

ou d’une tierce puissance.

ART. 9.--Est réservée la situation particulière des navires de guerre

et de ceux qui leur sont assimilés.

ART. 10.--Les dispositions des articles précédents s’appliquent

aux détroits dont l’écart n’excède pas douze milles, sauf les

modifications et distinctions suivantes:--

1^o Les détroits dont les côtes appartiennent à des États différents

font partie de la mer territoriale des États riverains, qui y

exerceront leur souveraineté jusqu’à la ligne médiane.

2^o Les détroits dont les côtes appartiennent au même État et qui sont

indispensables aux communications maritimes entre deux ou plusieurs

États autres que l’État riverain font toujours partie de la mer

territoriale du riverain, quel que soit le rapprochement des côtes.

_Ils ne peuvent jamais être barrés._

3^o _Dans les détroits dont les côtes appartiennent au même État,

la mer est territoriale bien que l’écartement des côtes dépasse

douze milles, si à chaque entrée du détroit cette distance n’est pas

dépassé._

4^o Les détroits qui servent de passage d’une mer libre à une autre

mer libre ne peuvent jamais être _barrés_.

ART. 11.--Le régime des détroits actuellement soumis à des conventions

ou usages spéciaux demeure réservé.

INDEX.

Aberdeen, 84, 215, 227, 298, 407

Abreu y Bertodano on territorial sea, 559

Admiral, office of, 30, 31, 32, 41, 51, 52, 53, 54, 266, 329, 363,

364 n.

Admiralty, 18, 31, 248, 249, 260, 261, 262, 263, 266, 277, 280, 286,

288, 293, 318, 328, 520

Admiralty and “striking,” 277, 278, 380-383, 438, 455, 456, 472

Admiralty, High Court of, 54, 120, 122, 124, 243, 244 n., 251, 285,

358, 363, 369, 391, 465 n.;

and striking, 513;

decisions as to neutral waters, 553;

decisions as to three-mile limit, 576, 577

Admiralty jurisdiction, origin of, 6, 17, 30, 32

Admiralty, on extent of British Seas, 20, 438

Adriatic, 52 n.;

sovereignty of, 3, 4, 8, 16, 33, 107, 111, 339, 341, 350, 357, 361,

371, 539;

fisheries of, 659

Aerssen, François van, Dutch ambassador, 200, 336

_Africaine_, case of, 641 n.

Agincourt, 8, 35

_Agnes G. Donohoe_, case of, 663

Albemarle, Duke of. _See_ Monk.

Albertsz, Jan, Captain, 171, 173, 174

Alderney, 103

Alexander, Sir William, Secretary for Scotland, 219, 220, 225 n.,

227, 232

Alfred, King, 26

Algarve, fishery treaty with, 67

Algeria, 527;

territorial sea, 657

Allin, Sir Thomas, 468, 471, 477

Alverstone, Lord, 692

Alward, G. L., 711 n., 739 n.

Amboyna, 430

America, British North, fishery disputes with United States, 580;

fishery limit, 650;

ten-mile limit for bays, 626, 627, 628, 629;

six-mile limit for bays, 627, 629, 630;

fishery rights, 531, 532, 731, 731 n.;

Hague Tribunal on, 732 n.;

Mixed Commission to delimit bays, 628;

_modus vivendi_ with United States, 626, 628, 629;

treaties regarding fisheries, _See_ Treaties.

America, fisheries claimed for crown, 235

Amsterdam, 73, 132, 181, 183, 282, 368

Amsterdam Island, 194 n.

Ancient Britons and maritime dominion, 25, 26

Angelus, 351

Angevins, 8, 26, 29, 65, 207

Anglo-Saxons, 26, 27, 28, 541, 542

_Anna_, case of, 579, 641 n.

_Annapolis_, case of, 586 n.

Anne of Austria, 117

Anne, Queen, 161, 354, 520, 523

Anstruther Easter, 165, 175 n.

Antwerp, 49, 73, 148;

treaty of, 148, 344, 350

Appropriation of sea. _See_ Sea.

Aquitaine, 19, 213;

fisheries at, 67

Archer, Walter E., 736 n.

Argentine Republic, claim to great bays, 661;

claim to wide limit of exclusive fishery, 661, 662

Argyle, Earl of, 153 n.

Arlington, Lord, 469, 483, 490, 497, 502

Armed Neutrality, 522, 563, 571, 572

Arundel, Earl of, 227, 239 n., 241, 314, 316, 477

Aschehoug, on territorial sea, 686, 688

Assize-herring, 82, 124, 138, 144, 152-154, 163-171, 180, 194-196,

203, 293, 346, 347, 352, 355;

proposal to levy from foreign fishermen, 124, 167;

demanded from Dutch, 180;

how to be levied from Dutch, 195, 196, 757;

paid by Dutch fishermen, 169;

value of, 195

Auber, on territorial sea, 691

Australia, pearl fisheries, 697

Austria-Hungary, territorial sea, 572, 658;

Customs jurisdiction, 594, 659;

reciprocal rights of fishery with Italy, 659

Ayrshire, fishermen of, 83

Azores, 106

Azuni, on territorial sea, 564, 565;

on range of vision, 546

Bacon, Lord, 73, 163 n., 189, 223

Bagg, Sir James, 280

Baldus, on territorial limit, 351, 360, 539, 540, 541

Balfour of Burleigh, Lord, 730

Ballantrae Bank herring fishery, 238

Balmerino, Lord, 187

Baltic, 61, 409, 432, 434;

as closed sea, 572 n.;

sovereignty over, 4, 33, 108, 350, 371, 377, 550, 552, 555;

territorial limits in, 655

Baltimore, 247

Barbary, 327

Barclay, Sir Thomas, 689 n., 690

Barebones Parliament, 428;

on sovereignty of sea, 13, 413

Barents Sea, foreign trawlers in, 713

Barking, 699

Barneveldt, Elias van Olden, 155, 157 n.

Barneveldt, J. van Olden, 152, 159, 162, 170, 173, 191

Barrère, on the freedom of the sea, 595

Barrett, Frank, 738 n.

Bartolus, on territorial limit, 351, 539, 541

Bates, Joshua, on bay of Fundy, 625

Batten, Sir William, 380, 382, 448, 456

Battle of the Downs, 330

Baty, Dr Thomas, Hon. Secretary, International Law Association, 673 n.

Bays. _See_ Territorial Sea.

Bayonne, 52 n.

Beaufort, de, Duke, Admiral of France, 463, 472

Beaufort, Henry, 56 n.

Beaufort, Sir Thomas, 40

Behring Sea, fishery disputes, negotiations with Russia, 581-585;

Russian ukase fixing 100-mile limit, 541;

gunshot limit accepted by Russia, 582, 585;

three-mile limit adopted by Russia, 585;

United States on Russian claim, 584;

Tribunal of Arbitration, 663, 664, 695, 695 n., 732;

Japanese sealers in, 696 n.;

whaling in, 585

Belgium, complaints against fishermen of, 615, 616;

territorial sea, 658

Bell Rock, territoriality of, 642

Bengal, Bay of, 625

Bergen, 109

Berkeley, Sir William, on striking, 472

Berwick, 49, 60, 73, 219

Beukelsz, invention of herring cure, 61, 426 n.

Beuningen, van, Dutch ambassador, 511

Beveren, van, Dutch ambassador, 302, 303, 304, 312, 315, 316, 317, 320

Beverning, Hieronymus van, Dutch ambassador, 415, 418, 433, 504

Beverwaert, van, Dutch ambassador, 449 n., 450

Binge, Raymond, 109 n.

Binning, Captain, 513

Binning, Lord, 80, 178, 179 n., 186, 187

Birch, 28

Bird, Sir William, 174 n.

Biscay, 255;

fishermen of, 67, 98;

whalers at Spitzbergen, 183 n.

Biscay, Bay of, 19, 510, 521;

fisheries in, 707, 713;

territoriality of, 625

Bishop of Isles, 242

Bishop of Ross, 77

Bishop, on territorial sea, 683

Black Book of Admiralty, 7,16, 39-42, 52, 53, 66, 410 n.

Blackburn, Lord, on territorial sea, 589

Black Sea, 371

Blackstone, on Sovereignty of Sea, 580 n.

Blake, General Robert, 408, 421, 422;

instructions to, regarding sovereignty of sea, 382, 383;

encounter with Tromp, 12, 207 n., 397, 398 n., 401, 403, 404;

correspondence with Tromp, 404 n., 772;

captures Dutch herring busses, 311 n., 406, 407

Blakeney, 49, 90 n.

Blockade, 209, 264, 265, 268

Bluntschli, on territorial sea, 682, 688

Blyth, 250

Board of Trade on fishery limit, 616;

and German territorial limits, 652

Bodin, on territorial limit, 540

Bohemia, 191, 197, 198

Bohemia, Queen of. _See_ Elizabeth.

Bohuslän, herring fishery at, 62

Bordeaux, 28, 61, 97

Boreel, Dutch ambassador, 482, 483, 485, 490

Boroughs, Sir John, Keeper of the Records, on Sovereignty of Sea, 25,

28, 39, 43, 64 n., 254, 364, 365, 366, 411;

discovery of rolls, 31, 213, 254;

on foreign fishermen, 132

Boston, 73

Boswell, Sir W., British ambassador at The Hague, 212, 213, 257, 258,

259 n., 264, 317, 318, 319, 321

Botetourt, Sir John de, 46 n., 60

Bothnia, Gulf of, sovereignty over, 4, 564

Boulogne, 104, 274, 281

Bourne, Rear-Admiral, meets Tromp, 400;

assists Blake, 403

Bouwensz, Joost, 294 n., 298 n., 304

Brabant, 49, 50, 70, 71

Bracton, 66, 362 n., 539

Bradshaw, 409

Braeckel, Captain, 476

Braems, Sir Arnold, 318, 515

Brazil, 327, 393, 430

Breda, conference at, 459, 464, 476;

treaty of, 465, 492, 501

Brederode, W. van, 81

Bremen, fishermen and merchants from, 126, 129, 130, 169, 227, 235, 327;

negotiations at, 110, 373

Bressay Sound, 129, 131, 215

Briel, 43, 73, 78, 142, 278, 511, 512

Bristol, 96, 108

Bristol Channel, territoriality of, 586, 725

British Colonies, territorial sea, 661

British fisheries, foreigners at. _See_ Fisheries.

British Seas. _See_ Sea.

British subjects in foreign service, 260, 359 n.;

in Dutch navy, 251 n.

Brittany, 36, 48, 54, 56, 67, 68, 69, 103, 213, 270

Britton, 539

Brixham, 699

Brood and spawn of fish, 213

Brouershaven, 77

Brown, James, 194

Brown, John, 166, 191 n., 194 n., 195, 195 n., 196;

sent to uplift the assize herrings from Dutch fishermen, 169, 170,

171;

seized by Dutch and carried to Holland, 172, 173;

released, 173;

Dutch apologise, 173;

counsel’s opinion on seizure, 174

Bruce, King Robert, 76

Bruce, Patrick, 181

Bruges, 43, 52 n., 71, 73;

fishing charter from Charles II., 460, 461, 504, 616, 617, 772

Brussels, 71, 318, 335

_Bucentaur_, 4, 567 n.

Buchan Ness, 131, 166, 227, 233, 321, 406

Buckingham, Duke of, 201, 266 n., 490, 497

Buckland, Frank, on inexhaustibility of fisheries, 636

Burchett, on Sovereignty of Sea, 311 n., 521

Burghs, Scottish, 216, 240

Burgundy, Duchess of, 71, 72

Burgundy, Duke of, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 158

Burgundy, House of, 49

Burgundy treaties, 69, 70, 72, 86, 112, 145, 146, 147, 158, 288, 312

n., 356, 370, 412 n., 425, 500

Burgus, P. B., on dominion of Ligurian Sea, 411, 550

Burnham, 90

Bushell, William, 284

Bynkershoek, Cornelius van, 21, 350, 538, 579, 591, 595, 650, 685, 686;

on territorial sea, 555, 556;

on range of vision, 546

Cadiz, 246

Cæsar, Sir Julius, 120, 146, 155, 156 n.

Caithness, 126, 227

Calais, 18, 29, 34, 37 n., 45 n., 49, 50, 65, 68, 70, 71, 73, 74, 103,

104, 204, 205, 266, 273, 274, 278, 280, 282, 327, 401, 440

Callis, Serjeant, on the appropriation of the sea, 54, 66, 358, 363

Calvo, on territorial sea, 340, 682, 688

Camden, 64, 142

Canada, fishery rights at. _See_ British North America.

Cancale, Bay of. _See_ Granville Bay.

Canning, George, on Behring Sea, 583

Cannon range limit, proposed by Dutch, 156.

_See_ Territorial Sea.

Canterbury, 41

Cape Bojador, 105

Cape de Verde, 106

Cape Finisterre, 270, 469, 478, 502, 505, 510, 515, 521

Cape of Good Hope, 105, 340, 343, 344

Cape St Vincent, 270, 434, 435, 465, 466 n., 469, 478, 502, 503,

508, 510

Cardinal Infant, 243, 318, 319, 335

Carew, Lord George, 202

Carleton, Sir Dudley, 128, 168, 172, 173, 174, 176, 177, 180, 185,

190, 192, 193, 197, 212;

on Grotius, 351

Carlisle, Earl of, 222 n., 227 n.

Caron, Sir Noel, Dutch ambassador, 151-154, 163, 165, 168-174, 201

Carrick, Earl of, 225 n.

Carteret, Captain, 291, 327

Casaregi, on territorial sea, 558

Castile, 32, 67

Castro, Francis Alphonso de, on dominion of sea, 341

Catalonia, 45

Cats, Dutch ambassador, 391

Cattegat, territoriality of, 653

Cavendish, 5

Cecil, Secretary Sir William, 88, 90, 91, 92, 95, 105, 114, 115, 128

n., 133, 204

Ceva, Cardinal de, 273 n.

Ceylon, pearl fisheries, 560, 697

Chaleurs, Bay of, 623, 624, 625, 627 n., 628, 629, 630, 692

Chamberlain, Joseph, 628

Champagne, on freedom of the sea, 595, 596

Chancellor, 181

Channel, English, 9, 18, 19, 21, 29, 42, 43, 209, 247, 250, 266,

269, 270, 276, 327, 407, 465;

extent of, 432, 465 n. 506 n.;

great avenue of commerce, 30;

importance of command of, 30;

fisheries in, 65 n., 68, 544;

licenses for fishing in, 65;

disputes with French fishermen, 607, 608;

mid-line limit, 542, 544;

sovereignty over, 6, 8, 16, 35, 36, 101, 103, 207, 208, 246, 432;

striking in, 117, 212, 469, 470

Channel Islands, 29, 36, 103

Charles the Bold, 72

Charles I., 17, 28, 31, 117, 119, 338;

asked to free the seas of Hollander busses, 211, 234;

opinion on importance of fisheries, 213;

initiates fishery association, 214;

plan of, 215, 216;

lays scheme before Council in Scotland, 218, 219, 220;

ill received in Scotland, 220;

opposed by Scottish Parliament, 222;

debates regarding, 224;

his great anxiety for, 225;

Scottish Commissioners appointed, 225;

his letters on, 232, 233;

Royal Fishery Society established, 239;

proceedings of, 241;

misfortunes and failure of Fishery Society, 241-243;

claim to sovereignty of sea, 10, 11, 119, 209-212, 251, 258;

proclamation regarding narrow seas and King’s Chambers, 251;

draft proclamation _re_ Sovereignty of Sea, 759;

personal policy, 253;

pretext for equipping a fleet, 253;

deceives his Council, 255;

secret agreement with Spain, 253, 255, 260, 264;

instructions to first ship-money fleet, 259;

failure of his policy, 275;

report of Admiralty as to employment of second ship-money fleet,

288, 762;

instructions regarding license money from foreign fishermen, 295;

proclamation forbidding unlicensed fishing by foreigners, 293, 294;

licenses to fishermen, 762;

negotiations with Dutch as to unlicensed fishing, 305, 306;

tries surreptitiously to induce Dutch to accept licenses, 317, 319,

321;

Dutch despatch a fleet to protect their fishermen, 321;

general dissatisfaction with his actions, 324;

his power on sea wanes, 328;

pretensions to sovereignty of sea flouted by Dutch, 328, 329;

battle of Downs, 335;

proceedings regarding Spanish fleet and Tromp, 331, 336

Charles II., his efforts to develop fisheries, 441;

Bill to encourage fisheries, 443;

directed against foreigners, 444, 444 n.;

establishes the Royal Fishery, 446-448;

failure of, 449;

Dutch embassy, negotiations concerning fishery question, 449,

450, 451, 455;

tries to prevent Franco-Dutch treaty, 454;

treaty with the United Provinces, 455;

disputes about striking, 455;

second Dutch war, 457, 458;

very popular, 458;

course of, 459;

terms of peace, 464;

claim to exclusive fishing withdrawn, 464;

question of striking, 464, 465;

extent of British seas, 465, 466;

licenses offered to Dutch fishermen, 460;

De Witt’s proposals as to striking, 468;

verbal arrangement with Louis as to striking, 471, 471 n.;

Triple Alliance, 474;

secret treaty of Dover, 474;

obtains a subsidy, 475;

ill-feeling against Dutch fomented, 476;

accuses De Witt of secret negotiations with Louis, 476;

recall of Sir William Temple, 476;

pretext for war in the “honour of the flag,” 476;

sends his yacht _Merlin_ to pick a quarrel over the salute,

477, 478, 479;

failure of the _Merlin_, 480;

dispute with Dutch as to striking, 482;

Dutch asked to acknowledge his dominion of the seas, 482;

the Dutch hoodwinked, 482;

rejects concessions of Dutch, 483, 484;

orders Dutch shipping to be seized, 484, 485;

failure of attack on Smyrna fleet, 486, 487;

declaration of war against States-General, 487;

declaration on the honour of the flag and sovereignty of the

sea, 487, 488;

arranges salute with Louis, 488;

terms offered the Dutch, 490;

demands payment for fishery, 491, 491 n.;

summons Parliament, 492;

subsidy granted, 493;

the war intensely unpopular, 493;

efforts to stir up animosity against Dutch, 494-498;

congress at Cologne, 498;

terms of peace offered, 498;

question of flag and striking, 498, 499, 501-503, 505, 506, 508;

question of fisheries, 498-500, 503-505, 508;

negotiations for separate peace, 504-508;

peace concluded, 508;

establishes a new fishery company, 516

Charles V., 74, 75, 78, 79, 81

Charteris, A. H., 586 n.

Chaterton, Sir Richard, 448

Chatham, 459, 476

Chelchethe, John de, 50

Chelmsford, Lord, on territorial sea, 586 n.

Chester, 96

Chili, territorial sea, 661

Chitty, on Sovereignty of Sea, 580 n.

Chitty, on territorial sea, 597

Christian V. of Denmark, prohibits fishing at Greenland, 528

Churchill, Lieutenant, 486 n.

Cinque Ports, 29, 32, 36, 55, 244, 247, 295, 381 n.;

complain about foreign fishermen, 144, 145;

fishermen of, 58, 90 n., 144;

jurisdiction on sea, 213, 544, 544 n.;

licenses to French fishermen, 65

Clarendon, Chancellor, 241, 457

Clee, 90

_Cleveland_ yacht, 511

Clyde, Firth of, foreign trawlers in, 647;

fisheries of, 83, 221 n., 233, 235, 239;

Cnut, King, and the sea, 26;

charter regarding Sandwich, 542

Cockaine, Sir William, 202

Cockburn, Lord Chief-Justice, on Bristol Channel, 586, 587, 588;

on territorial sea, 591, 591 n.

Cockraine, Captain, 437

Cod-fishing, 79, 131, 221 n., 672

Coke, Lord Chief-Justice, 17, 27, 43, 44, 44 n., 46, 66, 213;

on appropriation of sea, 363

Coke, Secretary, Sir John, 130 n., 227 n., 268, 269;

on the British seas, 20, 264 n.;

on the fishery scheme, 215-218, 232, 235-237, 239 n., 241, 243;

on sovereignty of sea, 20, 211, 212, 255-258, 264, 271, 302

Coke, Roger, 127 n.

Colbert, French ambassador, 471, 471 n.

Cologne, congress at, 264 n., 323 n., 347 n., 491 n., 498, 506, 510

Colomb, Admiral, 311 n.

Columbus, 106, 340

Commerce, 53, 91, 106, 107, 134, 135, 143, 163, 210, 255, 339, 340,

342, 390, 391, 395, 408, 413, 457;

in middle ages, 3, 5, 6, 7, 29, 30, 34 and n., 43, 44, 67, 69, 86;

monopoly of, 5, 106

Commercial enterprise, expansion of, 6, 339, 340, 342, 533

Commercial jealousy of Dutch, 10, 422, 441, 457

Commonwealth, instructions as to striking, 380, 381;

relations with United Provinces, 384;

negotiations for alliance, 384, 385;

St John’s mission to The Hague, 384-390;

Navigation Act, 391;

seizure of Dutch ships, 391;

letters of reprisal against the Dutch, 391, 392, 393;

renewed negotiations, 392-396;

thirty-nine articles considered, 393, 764;

differences as to sovereignty of sea, 393, 394;

question of striking, 394, 395;

question of fishery, 394, 396;

question of right of visitation and search, 396;

negotiations interrupted, 397;

indignation against States-General for attack on Blake, 404;

terms offered to Pauw, 405;

Dutch ships seized and preparations for war, 405;

declaration on sovereignty of sea, 409;

_Mare Clausum_ to be translated and printed, 410;

peace negotiations with Dutch, 414-435;

terms offered, 415;

Dutch propose the _Intercursus Magnus_ as basis, 416;

liberty of fishing offered, 417;

the twenty-seven articles proposed, 419;

proposal for fusion of English and Dutch, 416, 417, 418, 419;

question of dominion of the sea, 418, 419, 423, 433, 436;

of extent of British seas, 429, 431-436;

of fishing, 417, 418, 419, 420, 422, 423, 424, 425, 427, 430, 436;

of guarding the sea, 421-424, 431, 436;

of limitation of Dutch fleet, 421, 422, 423, 436;

of the Prince of Orange, 422, 430, 433, 435;

of striking, 417, 419, 420, 424, 429, 431, 432, 436;

Dutch propose a “regulation” for, 405, 418, 424, 429, 431, 433;

Dutch propose to strike in all seas, 432;

of visit and search, 420-424, 431, 436;

treaty signed, 435

Conception Bay, territoriality of, 588, 589

Conringius, 550

Conway, Viscount, 268, 269, 284 n.

Cook, George M., 728 n.

Cooper, Sir Anthony Ashley, 429.

_See_ also Lord Shaftesbury.

Cope, Sir Walter, 128 n., 138

Corinth, Gulf of, 661

Cornish, James, on spawning of fish, 610

Cornwall, pilchards, 134, 143

Cornwallis, Lord, 360

Cottingham, Sir Francis, 227 n.

Cottington, Lord, 253, 263

Courcel, Baron de, on three-mile limit, 664 n., 696 n.

Coventry, Lord, 254, 255, 286

Craig, Sir Thomas, 359 n.;

on the right of fishery, 357

Crail, 84, 175 n., 242

Craudon, 54, 55, 56

Cromarty, 227

Cromer, 90, 296

Crompton, Sir Thomas, 146

Cromwell, Oliver (_see_ also Commonwealth), 13, 28, 65, 72, 337,

378, 404, 410 n., 414, 451, 495, 505;

arguments for exclusive fishery, 425;

clandestine negotiations with Dutch, 414, 415, 417, 430 n.;

on sovereignty of sea, 419, 423, 424, 435;

renews fishing licenses for Zowe, 440

Cromwell, Richard, on extent of British seas, 438

Crow, Captain, 479, 480

Cuba, territorial limit, 665

Cunæus, Professor Petrus, 375

Customs limit. _See_ Territorial sea.

Dana, on territorial sea, 683

Danby, Earl of, 516

Danegeld, 26

Dantzic, 216, 242

Dartmouth, 267

David I., 59

Davidson, Thomas, 84

Davis’ Straits, 184

Deal Castle, 279

Dean, Major-General, 382, 406, 408

Decay of English fisheries. _See_ Fisheries.

Decay of havens and sea-coast towns, 89, 90, 98, 446

Dee, Dr John, 27 n., 95, 111, 125, 203, 214 n., 364 n.;

on sovereignty of sea, 99, 101

Delaware Bay, claimed by United States, 574, 599, 629

Delfshaven, 294 n., 298 n.

Delft, 73, 397 n.

Demetrius, Emanuel, 156

Denmark, 26, 45, 54, 464, 527;

claim to cod-fishing at Iceland, 528;

to whaling at Greenland, 527;

fisheries of, 92;

fishermen on British coasts, 605;

claims to sovereignty of sea, 4, 8, 16, 33, 86, 105, 112, 158,

339, 340, 358;

opposed by Queen Elizabeth, 107, 108, 109, 110;

on striking, 470, 471, 473;

territorial sea, 528, 529, 653, 655, 664;

range of vision claimed, 529, 545;

inclusion in Cromwell’s treaty with Dutch, 433

Deptford, 266

De Ruyter, 408, 456, 457 n., 458, 459, 463, 472, 479, 481, 489, 493

De Seneterre, 302

Desjardins, on territorial sea, 685, 688

“De Superioritate maris” roll, 8, 31, 41, 43, 44 and n., 45, 49, 50,

54, 363, 740, 744

Devonshire, Earl of, 138

De With, 408, 437

De Witt, Cornelius, 459

De Witt, John, 398, 414, 422, 433, 434, 449;

secret negotiations with Cromwell, 430 n., 434, 435;

secret negotiations with France regarding fishery and flag, 451-454,

471, 476;

attitude on sovereignty of sea, 450, 451, 454, 468, 470;

on fishery claim, 450, 451-457;

on striking, 14, 452, 457, 467, 468, 470, 471;

on striking to a frigate or ketch, 470, 477, 509;

on striking to French, 463, 464;

assassinated, 491

Dieppe, 49, 50, 61, 65, 116, 440, 473

Digby, Sir Kenelm, 292, 375

Digges, Sir Leonard, 96

Digges, Thomas, on foreshore and bed of sea, 362

Dogger Bank, 131, 407 n., 699, 700

Dominion of Sea. _See_ Sovereignty of Sea.

Dorchester, Viscount, 212. _See_ Carleton.

Dorp, van, 273, 274, 300, 312, 313, 321

Dorset, Earl of, 227 n.

Dort, 73

Dover, 49, 73, 103, 145 n., 204, 205, 265, 400;

straits of, 6, 8, 16, 18, 36, 104, 273, 330, 397, 401, 515

Downing, Sir George, English ambassador at The Hague, 454, 482, 483, 488

Downs, The, 120, 245, 259, 260, 265, 268, 270, 274, 290, 323, 330, 331,

332, 334, 335, 336, 400

Drake, Sir F., 5, 107

Drechsel, C. F., Captain, 647 n., 707 n.

Dudley, Sir Henry, 116