Moths, absence of mouth in some males; apterous female; male,
prehensile use of the tarsi by; male, attracted by females; sound
produced by; coloration of; sexual differences of colour in.
Motmot, inheritance of mutilation of tail feathers; racket-shaped
feathers in the tail of a.
Moult, double; double annual, in birds.
Moulting of birds.
Moults, partial.
Mouse, song of.
Moustache-monkey, colours of the.
Moustaches, in monkeys.
Mud-turtle, long claws of the male.
Mulattoes, persistent fertility of; immunity of, from yellow fever.
Mule, sterility and strong vitality of the.
Mules, rational.
Muller, Ferd., on the Mexicans and Peruvians.
Muller, Fritz, on astomatous males of Tanais; on the disappearance of
spots and stripes in adult mammals; on the proportions of the sexes in
some Crustacea; on secondary sexual characters in various Crustaceans;
musical contest between male Cicadae; mode of holding wings in Castina;
on birds shewing a preference for certain colours; on the sexual
maturity of young amphipod Crustacea.
Muller, Hermann, emergence of bees, from pupa; pollen-gathering of
bees; proportion of sexes in bees; courting of Eristalis; colour and
sexual selection with bees.
Muller, J., on the nictitating membrane and semilunar fold.
Muller, Max, on the origin of language; language implies power of
general conception; struggle for life among the words, etc., of
languages.
Muller, S., on the banteng; on the colours of Semnopithecus
chrysomelas.
Muntjac-deer, weapons of the.
Murie, J., on the reduction of organs; on the ears of the Lemuroidea;
on variability of the muscles in the Lemuroidea; basal caudal vertebrae
of Macacus brunneus imbedded in the body; on the manner of sitting in
short-tailed apes; on differences in the Lemuroidea; on the
throat-pouch of the male bustard; on the mane of Otaria jubata; on the
sub-orbital pits of Ruminants; on the colours of the sexes in Otaria
nigrescens.
Murray, A., on the Pediculi of different races of men.
Murray, T.A., on the fertility of Australian women with white men.
Mus coninga.
Mus minutus, sexual difference in the colour of.
Musca vomitoria.
Muscicapa grisola.
Muscicapa luctuosa.
Muscicapa ruticilla, breeding in immature plumage.
Muscle, ischio-pubic.
Muscles, rudimentary, occurrence of, in man; variability of the;
effects of use and disuse upon; animal-like abnormalities of, in man;
correlated variation of, in the arm and leg; variability of, in the
hands and feet; of the jaws, influence of, on the physiognomy of the
Apes; habitual spasms of, causing modifications of the facial bones, of
the early progenitors of man; greater variability of the, in men than
in women.
Musculus sternalis, Prof. Turner on the.
Music, of birds; discordant, love of savages for; reason of power of
perception of notes in animals; power of distinguishing notes; its
connection with primeval speech; different appreciation of, by
different peoples; origin of; effects of.
Musical cadences, perception of, by animals; powers of man.
Musk-deer, canine teeth of male; male, odoriferous organs of the;
winter change of the.
Musk-duck, Australian; large size of male; of Guiana, pugnacity of the
male.
Musk-ox, horns of.
Musk-rat, protective resemblance of the, to a clod of earth.
Musophagae, colours and nidification of the; both sexes of, equally
brilliant.
Mussels opened by monkeys.
Mustela, winter change of two species of.
Musters, Captain, on Rhea Darwinii; marriages amongst Patagonians.
Mutilations, healing of; inheritance of.
Mutilla europaea, stridulation of.
Mutillidae, absence of ocelli in female.
Mycetes caraya, polygamous; vocal organs of; beard of; sexual
differences of colour in; voice of.
Mycetes seniculus, sexual differences of colour in.
Myriapoda.
Nageli, on the influence of natural selection on plants; on the
gradation of species of plants.
Nails, coloured yellow or purple in part of Africa.
Narwhal, tusks of the.
Nasal cavities, large size of, in American aborigines.
Nascent organs.
Nathusius, H. von, on the improved breeds of pigs; male domesticated
animals more variable than females; horns of castrated sheep; on the
breeding of domestic animals.
Natural selection, its effects on the early progenitors of man;
influence of, on man; limitation of the principle; influence of, on
social animals; Mr. Wallace on the limitation of, by the influence of
the mental faculties in man; influence of, in the progress of the
United States; in relation to sex.
Natural and sexual selection contrasted.
Naulette, jaw from, large size of the canines in.
Neanderthal skull, capacity of the.
Neck, proportion of, in soldiers and sailors.
Necrophorus, stridulation of.
Nectarinia, young of.
Nectariniae, moulting of the; nidification of.
Negro, resemblance of a, to Europeans in mental characters.
Negro-women, their kindness to Mungo Park.
Negroes, Caucasian features in; character of; lice of; fertility of,
when crossed with other races; blackness of; variability of; immunity
of, from yellow fever; difference of, from Americans; disfigurements of
the; colour of new-born children of; comparative beardlessness of;
readily become musicians; appreciation of beauty of their women by;
idea of beauty among; compression of the nose by some.
Nemertians, colours of.
Neolithic period.
Neomorpha, sexual difference of the beak in.
Nephila, size of male.
Nests, made by fishes; decoration of, by Humming-birds.
Neumeister, on a change of colour in pigeons after several moultings.
Neuration, difference of, in the two sexes of some butterflies and
hymenoptera.
Neuroptera.
Neurothemis, dimorphism in.
New Zealand, expectation by the natives of, of their extinction;
practice of tattooing in; aversion of natives of, to hairs on the face;
pretty girls engrossed by the chiefs in.
Newton, A., on the throat-pouch of the male bustard; on the differences
between the females of two species of Oxynotus; on the habits of the
Phalarope, dotterel, and godwit.
Newts.
Nicholson, Dr., on the non-immunity of dark Europeans from yellow
fever.
Nictitating membrane.
Nidification of fishes; relation of, to colour; of British birds.
Night-heron, cries of the.
Nightingale, arrival of the male before the female; object of the song
of the.
Nightingales, new mates found by.
Nightjar, selection of a mate by the female; Australian, sexes of;
coloration of the.
Nightjars, noise made by some male, with their wings; elongated
feathers in.
Nilghau, sexual differences of colour in the.
Nilsson, Prof., on the resemblance of stone arrow-heads from various
places; on the development of the horns of the reindeer.
Nipples, absence of, in Monotremata.
Nitsche, Dr., ear of foetal orang.
Nitzsch, C.L., on the down of birds.
Noctuae, brightly-coloured beneath.
Noctuidae, coloration of.
Nomadic habits, unfavourable to human progress.
Nordmann, A., on Tetrao urogalloides.
Norfolk Island, half-breeds on.
Norway, numerical proportion of male and female births in.
Nose, resemblance of, in man and the apes; piercing and ornamentation
of the; very flat, not admired in negroes; flattening of the.
Nott and Gliddon, on the features of Rameses II.; on the features of
Amunoph III.; on skulls from Brazilian caves; on the immunity of
negroes and mulattoes from yellow fever; on the deformation of the
skull among American tribes.
Novara, voyage of the, suicide in New Zealand.
Nudibranch Mollusca, bright colours of.
Numerals, Roman.
Nunemaya, natives of, bearded.
Nuthatch, of Japan, intelligence of; Indian.
Obedience, value of.
Observation, powers of, possessed by birds.
Occupations, sometimes a cause of diminished stature; effect of, upon
the proportions of the body.
Ocelli, absence of, in female Mutilidae.
Ocelli of birds, formation and variability of the.
Ocelot, sexual differences in the colouring of the.
Ocyhaps lophotes.
Odonata.
Odonestis potatoria, sexual difference of colour in.
Odour, correlation of, with colour of skin; of moths; emitted by snakes
in the breeding season; of mammals.
Oecanthus nivalis, difference of colour in the sexes of.
Oecanthus pellucidus.
Ogle, Dr. W., relation between colour and power of smell.
Oidemia.
Oliver, on sounds produced by Pimelia striata.
Omaloplia brunnea, stridulation of.
Onitis furcifer, processes of anterior femora of the male, and on the
head and thorax of the female.
Onthophagus.
Onthophagus rangifer, sexual differences of; variations in the horns of
the male.
Ophidia, sexual differences of.
Ophidium.
Opossum, wide range of, in America.
Optic nerve, atrophy of the, caused by destruction of the eye.
Orang-Outan, Bischoff on the agreement of the brain of the, with that
of man; adult age of the; ears of the; vermiform appendage of; hands of
the; absence of mastoid processes in the; platforms built by the;
alarmed at the sight of a turtle; using a stick as a lever; using
missiles; using the leaves of the Pandanus as a night covering;
direction of the hair on the arms of the; its aberrant characters;
supposed evolution of the; voice of the; monogamous habits of the;
male, beard of the.
Oranges, treatment of, by monkeys.
Orange-tip butterfly.
Orchestia Darwinii, dimorphism of males of.
Orchestia Tucuratinga, limbs of.
Ordeal, trial by.
Oreas canna, colours of.
Oreas Derbianus, colours of.
Organs, prehensile; utilised for new purposes.
Organic scale, von Baer’s definition of progress in.
Orioles, nidification of.
Oriolus, species of, breeding in immature plumage.
Oriolus melanocephalus, coloration of the sexes in.
Ornaments, prevalence of similar; of male birds; fondness of savages
for.
Ornamental characters, equal transmission of, to both sexes, in
mammals; of monkeys.
Ornithoptera croesus.
Ornithorhynchus, reptilian tendency of; spur of the male.
Orocetes erythrogastra, young of.
Orrony, Grotto of.
Orsodacna atra, difference of colour in the sexes of.
Orsodacna ruficollis.
Orthoptera, metamorphosis of; stridulating apparatus of; colours of;
rudimentary stridulating organs in female; stridulation of the, and
Homoptera, discussed.
Ortygornis gularis, pugnacity of the male.
Oryctes, stridulation of; sexual differences in the stridulant organs
of.
Oryx leucoryx, use of the horns of.
Osphranter rufus, sexual difference in the colour of.
Ostrich, African, sexes and incubation of the.
Ostriches, stripes of young.
Otaria jubata, mane of the male.
Otaria nigrescens, difference in the coloration of the sexes of.
Otis bengalensis, love-antics of the male.
Otis tarda, throat-pouch of the male; polygamous.
Ouzel, ring-, colours and nidification of the.
Ouzel, water-, singing in the autumn; colours and nidification of the.
Ovibos moschatus, horns of.
Ovipositor of insects.
Ovis cycloceros, mode of fighting of.
Ovule of man.
Owen, Prof., on the Corpora Wolffiana; on the great toe in man; on the
nictitating membrane and semilunar fold; on the development of the
posterior molars in different races of man; on the length of the caecum
in the Koala; on the coccygeal vertebrae; on rudimentary structures
belonging to the reproductive system; on abnormal conditions of the
human uterus; on the number of digits in the Ichthyopterygia; on the
canine teeth in man; on the walking of the chimpanzee and orang; on the
mastoid processes in the higher apes; on the hairiness of elephants in
elevated districts; on the caudal vertebrae of monkeys; classification
of mammalia; on the hair in monkeys; on the piscine affinities of the
Ichthyosaurians; on polygamy and monogamy among the antelopes; on the
horns of Antilocapra Americana; on the musky odour of crocodiles during
the breeding season; on the scent-glands of snakes; on the Dugong,
Cachalot, and Ornithorhynchus; on the antlers of the red deer; on the
dentition of the Camelidae; on the horns of the Irish elk; on the voice
of the giraffe, porcupine, and stag; on the laryngeal sac of the
gorilla and orang; on the odoriferous glands of mammals; on the effects
of emasculation on the vocal organs of men; on the voice of Hylobates
agilis; on American monogamous monkeys.
Owls, white, new mates found by.
Oxynotus, difference of the females of two species of.
Pachydermata.
Pachytylus migratorius.
Paget, on the abnormal development of hairs in man; on the thickness of
the skin on the soles of the feet of infants.
Pagurus, carrying the female.
Painting, pleasure of savages in.
Palaemon, chelae of a species of.
Palaeornis, sexual differences of colour in.
Palaeornis javanicus, colour of beak of.
Palaeornis rosa, young of.
Palamedea cornuta, spurs on the wings.
Paleolithic period.
Palestine, habits of the chaffinch in.
Pallas, on the perfection of the senses in the Mongolians; on the want
of connexion between climate and the colour of the skin; on the
polygamous habits of Antilope Saiga; on the lighter colour of horses
and cattle in winter in Siberia; on the tusks of the musk-deer; on the
odoriferous glands of mammals; on the odoriferous glands of the
musk-deer; on winter changes of colour in mammals; on the ideal of
female beauty in North China.
Palmaris accessorius, muscle variations of the.
Pampas, horses of the.
Pangenesis, hypothesis of.
Panniculus carnosus.
Pansch, on the brain of a foetal Cebus apella.
Papilio, proportion of the sexes in North American species of; sexual
differences of colouring in species of; coloration of the wings in
species of.
Papilio ascanius.
Papilio Sesostris and Childrenae, variability of.
Papilio Turnus.
Papilionidae, variability in the.
Papuans, line of separation between the, and the Malays; beards of the;
teeth of.
Papuans and Malays, contrast in characters of.
Paradise, Birds of; supposed by Lesson to be polygamous; rattling of
their quills by; racket-shaped feathers in; sexual differences in
colour of; decomposed feathers in; display of plumage by the male;
sexual differences in colour of.
Paradisea apoda, barbless feathers in the tail of; plumage of; and P.
papuana; divergence of the females of; increase of beauty with age.
Paradisea papuana, plumage of.
Paraguay, Indians of, eradication of eyebrows and eyelashes by.
Parallelism of development of species and languages.
Parasites, on man and animals; as evidence of specific identity or
distinctness; immunity from, correlated with colour.
Parental feeling in earwigs, starfishes, and spiders; affection, partly
a result of natural selection.
Parents, age of, influence upon sex of offspring.
Parinae, sexual difference of colour in.
Park, Mungo, negro-women teaching their children to love the truth; his
treatment by the negro-women; on negro opinions of the appearance of
white men.
Parker, Mr., no bird or reptile in line of mammalian descent.
Parrakeet, young of; Australian, variation in the colour of the thighs
of a male.
Parrot, racket-shaped feathers in the tail of a; instance of
benevolence in a.
Parrots, change of colour in; imitative faculties of; living in
triplets; affection of; colours and nidification of the; immature
plumage of the; colours of; sexual differences of colour in; musical
powers of.
Parthenogenesis in the Tenthredinae; in Cynipidae; in Crustacea.
Partridge, monogamous; proportion of the sexes in the; Indian; female.
Partridge-“dances.”
Partridges, living in triplets; spring coveys of male; distinguishing
persons.
Parus coeruleus.
Passer, sexes and young of.
Passer brachydactylus.
Passer domesticus.
Passer montanus.
Patagonians, self-sacrifice by; marriages of.
Patterson, Mr., on the Agrionidae.
Patteson, Bishop, decrease of Melanesians.
Paulistas of Brazil.
Pavo cristatus.
Pavo muticus, possession of spurs by the female.
Pavo nigripennis.
Payaguas Indians, thin legs and thick arms of the.
Payan, Mr., on the proportion of the sexes in sheep.
Peacock, polygamous; sexual characters of; pugnacity of the; Javan,
possessing spurs; rattling of the quills by; elongated tail-coverts of
the; love of display of the; ocellated spots of the; inconvenience of
long tail of the, to the female; continued increase of beauty of the.
Peacock-butterfly.
Peafowl, preference of females for a particular male; first advances
made by the female.
Pediculi of domestic animals and man.
Pedigree of man.
Pedionomus torquatus, sexes of.
Peel, J., on horned sheep.
Peewit, wing-tubercles of the male.
Pelagic animals, transparency of.
Pelecanus erythrorhynchus, horny crest on the beak of the male, during
the breeding season.
Pelecanus onocrotalus, spring plumage of.
Pelele, an African ornament.
Pelican, blind, fed by his companions; young, guided by old birds;
pugnacity of the male.
Pelicans, fishing in concert.
Pelobius Hermanni, stridulation of.
Pelvis, alteration of, to suit the erect attitude of man; differences
of the, in the sexes of man.
Penelope nigra, sound produced by the male.
Pennant, on the battles of seals; on the bladder-nose seal.
Penthe, antennal cushions of the male.
Perch, brightness of male, during breeding season.
Peregrine falcon, new mate found by.
Period of variability, relation of, to sexual selection.
Periodicity, vital, Dr. Laycock on.
Periods, lunar, followed by functions in man and animals.
Periods of life, inheritance at corresponding.
Perisoreus canadensis, young of.
Peritrichia, difference of colour in the sexes of a species of.
Periwinkle.
Pernis cristata.
Perrier, M., on sexual selection; on bees.
Perseverance, a characteristic of man.
Persians, said to be improved by intermixture with Georgians and
Circassians.
Personnat, M., on Bombyx Yamamai.
Peruvians, civilisation of the, not foreign.
Petrels, colours of.
Petrocincla cyanea, young of.
Petrocossyphus.
Petronia.
Pfeiffer, Ida, on Javan ideas of beauty.
Phacochoerus aethiopicus, tusks and pads of.
Phalanger, Vulpine, black varieties of the.
Phalaropus fulicarius.
Phalaropus hyperboreus.
Phanaeus.
Phanaeus carnifex, variation of the horns of the male.
Phanaeus faunus, sexual differences of.
Phanaeus lancifer.
Phaseolarctus cinereus, taste for rum and tobacco.
Phasgonura viridissima, stridulation of.
Phasianus Soemmerringii.
Phasianus versicolor.
Phasianus Wallichii.
Pheasant, polygamous; and black grouse, hybrids of; production of
hybrids with the common fowl; immature plumage of the.
Pheasant, Amherst, display of.
Pheasant, Argus, display of plumage by the male; ocellated spots of
the; gradation of characters in the.
Pheasant, Blood- Pheasant, Cheer.
Pheasant, Eared, length of the tail in the; sexes alike in the.
Pheasant, Fire-backed, possessing spurs.
Pheasant, Golden, display of plumage by the male; age of mature plumage
in the; sex of young, ascertained by pulling out head-feathers.
Pheasant, Kalij, drumming of the male.
Pheasant, Reeve’s, length of the tail in.
Pheasant, Silver, triumphant male, deposed on account of spoiled
plumage; sexual coloration of the.
Pheasant, Soemmerring’s.
Pheasant, Tragopan, display of plumage by the male; marking of the
sexes of the.
Pheasants, period of acquisition of male characters in the family of
the; proportion of sexes in chicks of; length of the tail in.
Philters, worn by women.
Phoca groenlandica, sexual difference in the coloration of.
Phoenicura ruticilla.
Phosphorescence of insects.
Phryganidae, copulation of distinct species of.
Phryniscus nigricans.
Physical inferiority, supposed, of man.
Pickering, on the number of species of man.
Picton, J.A., on the soul of man.
Picus auratus.
Picus major.
Pieris.
Pigeon, female, deserting a weakened mate; carrier, late development of
the wattle in; pouter, late development of crop in; domestic, breeds
and sub-breeds of.
Pigeons, nestling, fed by the secretion of the crop of both parents;
changes of plumage in; transmission of sexual peculiarities in;
Belgian, with black-streaked males; changing colour after several
moultings; numerical proportion of the sexes in; cooing of; variations
in plumage of; display of plumage by male; local memory of; antipathy
of female, to certain males; pairing of; profligate male and female;
wing-bars and tail-feathers of; supposititious breed of; pouter and
carrier, peculiarities of, predominant in males; nidification of;
Australian; immature plumage of the.
Pigs, origin of the improved breeds of; numerical proportion of the
sexes in; stripes of young; tusks of miocene; sexual preference shewn
by.
Pike, American, brilliant colours of the male, during the breeding
season.
Pike, reasoning powers of; male, devoured by females.
Pike, L.O., on the psychical elements of religion.
Pimelia striata, sounds produced by the female.
Pinel, hairiness in idiots.
Pintail, drake, plumage of; pairing with a wild duck.
Pintail Duck, pairing with a widgeon.
Pipe-fish, filamentous; marsupial receptacles of the male.
Pipits, moulting of the.
Pipra, modified secondary wing-feathers of male.
Pipra deliciosa.
Pirates stridulus, stridulation of.
Pitcairn island, half-breeds on.
Pithecia leucocephala, sexual differences of colour in.
Pithecia Satanas, beard of; resemblance of, to a negro.
Pits, suborbital, of Ruminants.
Pittidae, nidification of.
Placentata.
Plagiostomous fishes.
Plain-wanderer, Australian.
Planariae, bright colours of some.
Plantain-eaters, colours and nidification of the; both sexes of,
equally brilliant.
Plants, cultivated, more fertile than wild; Nageli, on natural
selection in; male flowers of, mature before the female; phenomena of
fertilisation in.
Platalea, change of plumage in.
Platyblemus.
Platycercus, young of.
Platyphyllum concavum.
Platyrrhine monkeys.
Platysma myoides.
Plecostomus, head-tentacles of the males of a species of.
Plecostomus barbatus, peculiar beard of the male.
Plectropterus gambensis, spurred wings of.
Ploceus.
Plovers, wing-spurs of; double moult in.
Plumage, changes of, inheritance of, by fowls; tendency to analogous
variation in; display of, by male birds; changes of, in relation to
season; immature, of birds; colour of, in relation to protection.
Plumes on the head in birds, difference of, in the sexes.
Pneumora, structure of.
Podica, sexual difference in the colour of the irides.
Poeppig, on the contact of civilised and savage races.
Poison, avoidance of, by animals.
Poisonous fruits and herbs avoided by animals.
Poisons, immunity from, correlated with colour.
Polish fowls, origin of the crest in.
Pollen and van Dam, on the colours of Lemur macaco.
Polyandry, in certain Cyprinidae; among the Elateridae.
Polydactylism in man.
Polygamy, influence of, upon sexual selection; superinduced by
domestication; supposed increase of female births by. In the
stickleback.
Polygenists.
Polynesia, prevalence of infanticide in.
Polynesians, wide geographical range of; difference of stature among
the; crosses of; variability of; heterogeneity of the; aversion of, to
hairs on the face.
Polyplectron, number of spurs in; display of plumage by the male;
gradation of characters in; female of.
Polyplectron chinquis.
Polyplectron Hardwickii.
Polyplectron malaccense.
Polyplectron Napoleonis.
Polyzoa.
Pomotis.
Pontoporeia affinis.
Porcupine, mute, except in the rutting season.
Pores, excretory, numerical relation of, to the hairs in sheep.
Porpitae, bright colours of some.
Portax picta, dorsal crest and throat-tuft of; sexual differences of
colour in.
Portunus puber, pugnacity of.
Potamochoerus pencillatus, tusks and facial knobs of the.
Pouchet, G., the relation of instinct to intelligence; on the instincts
of ants; on the caves of Abou-Simbel; on the immunity of negroes from
yellow fever; change of colour in fishes.
Pouter pigeon, late development of the large crop in.
Powell, Dr., on stridulation.
Power, Dr., on the different colours of the sexes in a species of
Squilla.
Powys, Mr., on the habits of the chaffinch in Corfu.
Pre-eminence of man.
Preference for males by female birds; shewn by mammals, in pairing.
Prehensile organs.
Presbytis entellus, fighting of the male.
Preyer, Dr., on function of shell of ear; on supernumerary mammae in
women.
Prichard, on the difference of stature among the Polynesians; on the
connection between the breadth of the skull in the Mongolians and the
perfection of their senses; on the capacity of British skulls of
different ages; on the flattened heads of the Colombian savages; on
Siamese notions of beauty; on the beardlessness of the Siamese; on the
deformation of the head among American tribes and the natives of
Arakhan.
Primary sexual organs.
Primates, sexual differences of colour in.
Primogeniture, evils of.
Prionidae, difference of the sexes in colour.
Proctotretus multimaculatus.
Proctotretus tenuis, sexual difference in the colour of.
Profligacy.
Progenitors, early, of man.
Progress, not the normal rule in human society; elements of.
Prong-horn antelope, horns of.
Proportions, difference of, in distinct races.
Protective colouring in butterflies; in lizards; in birds; in mammals.
Protective nature of the dull colouring of female Lepidoptera.
Protective resemblances in fishes.
Protozoa, absence of secondary sexual characters in.
Pruner-Bey, on the occurrence of the supra-condyloid foramen in the
humerus of man; on the colour of negro infants.
Prussia, numerical proportion of male and female births in.
Psocus, proportions of the sexes in.
Ptarmigan, monogamous; summer and winter plumage of the; nuptial
assemblages of; triple moult of the; protective coloration of.
Puff-birds, colours and nidification of the.
Pugnacity of fine-plumaged male birds.
Pumas, stripes of young.
Puppies learning from cats to clean their faces.
Pycnonotus haemorrhous, pugnacity of the male; display of under-tail
coverts by the male.
Pyranga aestiva, male aiding in incubation; male characters in female
of.
Pyrodes, difference of the sexes in colour.
Quadrumana, hands of; differences between man and the; sexual
differences of colour in; ornamental characters of; analogy of sexual
differences of, with those of man; fighting of males for the females;
monogamous habits of; beards of the.
Quain, R., on the variation of the muscles in man.
Quatrefages, A. de, on the occurrence of a rudimentary tail in man; on
variability; on the moral sense as a distinction between man and
animals; civilised men stronger than savages; on the fertility of
Australian women with white men; on the Paulistas of Brazil; on the
evolution of the breeds of cattle; on the Jews; on the liability of
negroes to tropical fevers after residence in a cold climate; on the
difference between field-and house-slaves; on the influence of climate
on colour; colours of annelids; on the Ainos; on the women of San
Giuliano.
Quechua, see Quichua.
Querquedula acuta.
Quetelet, proportion of sexes in man; relative size in man and woman.
Quichua Indians; local variation of colour in the; no grey hair among
the; hairlessness of the; long hair of the.
Quiscalus major, proportions of the sexes of, in Florida and Honduras.
Rabbit, white tail of the.
Rabbits, domestic, elongation of the skull in; modification of the
skull in, by the lopping of the ear; danger-signals of; numerical
proportion of the sexes in.
Races, distinctive characters of; or species of man; crossed, fertility
or sterility of; of man, variability of the; of man, resemblance of, in
mental characters; formation of; of man, extinction of; effects of the
crossing of; of man, formation of the; of man, children of the;
beardless, aversion of, to hairs on the face.
Raffles, Sir S., on the banteng.
Rafts, use of.
Rage, manifested by animals.
Raia batis, teeth of.
Raia clavata, female spined on the back; sexual difference in the teeth
of.
Raia maculata, teeth of.
Rails, spur-winged.
Ram, mode of fighting of the; African, mane of an; fat-tailed.
Rameses II., features of.
Ramsay, Mr., on the Australian musk-duck; on the regent-bird; on the
incubation of Menura superba.
Rana esculenta, vocal sacs of.
Rat, common, general dispersion of, a consequence of superior cunning;
supplantation of the native in New Zealand, by the European rat;
common, said to be polygamous; numerical proportion of the sexes in.
Rats, enticed by essential oils.
Rationality of birds.
Rattlesnakes, difference of the sexes in the; rattles as a call.
Raven, vocal organs of the; stealing bright objects; pied, of the Feroe
Islands.
Rays, prehensile organs of male.
Razor-bill, young of the.
Reade, Winwood, suicide among savages in Africa; mulattoes not
prolific; effect of castration of horned sheep; on the Guinea sheep; on
the occurrence of a mane in an African ram; on singing of negroes; on
the negroes’ appreciation of the beauty of their women; on the
admiration of negroes for a black skin; on the idea of beauty among
negroes; on the Jollofs; on the marriage-customs of the negroes.
Reason in animals.
Redstart, American, breeding in immature plumage.
Redstarts, new mates found by.
Reduvidae, stridulation of.
Reed-bunting, head-feathers of the male; attacked by a bullfinch.
Reefs, fishes frequenting.
Reeks, H., retention of horns by breeding deer; cow rejected by a bull;
destruction of piebald rabbits by cats.
Regeneration, partial, of lost parts in man.
Regent bird.
Reindeer, horns of the; battles of; horns of the female; antlers of,
with numerous points; winter change of the; sexual preferences shown
by.
Relationship, terms of.
Religion, deficiency of among certain races; psychical elements of.
Remorse, deficiency of, among savages.
Rengger, on the diseases of Cebus Azarae; on the diversity of the
mental faculties of monkeys; on the Payaguas Indians; on the
inferiority of Europeans to savages in their senses; revenge taken by
monkeys; on maternal affection in a Cebus; on the reasoning powers of
American monkeys; on the use of stones by monkeys for cracking hard
nuts; on the sounds uttered by Cebus Azarae; on the signal-cries of
monkeys; on the polygamous habits of Mycetes caraya; on the voice of
the howling monkeys; on the odour of Cervus campestris; on the beards
of Mycetes caraya and Pithecia Satanas; on the colours of Felis mitis;
on the colours of Cervus paludosus; on sexual differences of colour in
Mycetes; on the colour of the infant Guaranys; on the early maturity of
the female of Cebus Azarae; on the beards of the Guaranys; on the
emotional notes employed by monkeys; on American polygamous monkeys.
Representative species, of birds.
Reproduction, unity of phenomena of, throughout the mammalia; period
of, in birds.
Reproductive system, rudimentary structures in the; accessory parts of.
Reptiles.
Reptiles and birds, alliance of.
Resemblances, small, between man and the apes.
Retrievers, exercise of reasoning faculties by.
Revenge, manifested by animals.
Reversion, perhaps the cause of some bad dispositions.
Rhagium, difference of colour in the sexes of a species of.
Rhamphastos carinatus.
Rhea Darwinii.
Rhinoceros, nakedness of; horns of; horns of, used defensively;
attacking white or grey horses.
Rhynchaea, sexes and young of.
Rhynchaea australis.
Rhynchaea bengalensis.
Rhynchaea capensis.
Rhythm, perception of, by animals.
Richard, M., on rudimentary muscles in man.
Richardson, Sir J., on the pairing of Tetrao umbellus; on Tetrao
urophasianus; on the drumming of grouse; on the dances of Tetrao
phasianellus; on assemblages of grouse; on the battles of male deer; on
the reindeer; on the horns of the musk-ox; on antlers of the reindeer
with numerous points; on the moose; on the Scotch deerhound.
Richter, Jean Paul, on imagination.
Riedel, on profligate female pigeons.
Riley, Mr., on mimicry in butterflies; bird’s disgust at taste of
certain caterpillars.
Ring-ouzel, colours and nidification of the.
Ripa, Father, on the difficulty of distinguishing the races of the
Chinese.
Rivalry, in singing, between male birds.
River-hog, African, tusks and knobs of the.
Rivers, analogy of, to islands.
Roach, brightness of the male during breeding-season.
Robbery, of strangers, considered honourable.
Robertson, Mr., remarks on the development of the horns in the roebuck
and red deer.
Robin, pugnacity of the male; autumn song of the; female singing of
the; attacking other birds with red in their plumage; young of the.
Robinet, on the difference of size of the male and female cocoons of
the silk-moth.
Rodents, uterus in the; absence of secondary sexual characters in;
sexual differences in the colours of.
Roe, winter changes of the.
Rohfs, Dr., Caucasian features in negro; fertility of mixed races in
Sahara; colours of birds in Sahara; ideas of beauty amongst the
Bornuans.
Rolle, F., on the origin of man; on a change in German families settled
in Georgia.
Roller, harsh cry of.
Romans, ancient, gladiatorial exhibitions of the.
Rook, voice of the.
Rossler, Dr., on the resemblance of the lower surface of butterflies to
the bark of trees.
Rostrum, sexual difference in the length of in some weevils.
Royer, Madlle., mammals giving suck.
Rudimentary organs, origin of.
Rudiments, presence of, in languages.
Rudolphi, on the want of connexion between climate and the colour of
the skin.
Ruff, supposed to be polygamous; proportion of the sexes in the;
pugnacity of the; double moult in; duration of dances of; attraction of
the, to bright objects.
Ruminants, male, disappearance of canine teeth in; generally
polygamous; suborbital pits of; sexual differences of colour in.
Rupicola crocea, display of plumage by the male.
Ruppell, on canine teeth in deer and antelopes.
Russia, numerical proportion of male and female births in.
Ruticilla.
Rutimeyer, Prof., on the physiognomy of the apes; on tusks of miocene
boar; on the sexual differences of monkeys.
Rutlandshire, numerical proportion of male and female births in.
Sachs, Prof., on the behaviour of the male and female elements in
fertilisation.
Sacrifices, human.
Sagittal crest, in male apes and Australians.
Sahara, fertility of mixed races in; birds of the; animal inhabitants
of the.
Sailors, growth of, delayed by conditions of life; long-sighted.
Sailors and soldiers, difference in the proportions of.
St. John, Mr., on the attachment of mated birds.
St. Kilda, beards of the inhabitants of.
Salmo eriox, and Salmo umbla, colouring of the male, during the
breeding season.
Salmo lycaodon.
Salmo salar.
Salmon, leaping out of fresh water; male, ready to breed before the
female; proportion of the sexes in; male, pugnacity of the; male,
characters of, during the breeding season; spawning of the; breeding of
immature male.
Salvin, O., inheritance of mutilated feathers; on the Humming-birds; on
the numerical proportion of the sexes in Humming-birds; on Chamaepetes
and Penelope; on Selasphorus platycercus; Pipra deliciosa; on
Chasmorhynchus.
Samoa Islands, beardlessness of the natives of.
Sandhoppers, claspers of male.
Sand-skipper.
Sandwich Islands, variation in the skulls of the natives of the;
decrease of native population; population of; superiority of the nobles
in the.
Sandwich Islanders, lice of.
San-Giuliano, women of.
Santali, recent rapid increase of the; Mr. Hunter on the.
Saphirina, characters of the males of.
Sarkidiornis melanonotus, characters of the young.
Sars, O., on Pontoporeia affinis.
Saturnia carpini, attraction of males by the female.
Saturnia Io, difference of coloration in the sexes of.
Saturniidae, coloration of the.
Savage, Dr., on the fighting of the male gorillas; on the habits of the
gorilla.
Savage and Wyman on the polygamous habits of the gorilla.
Savages, uniformity of, exaggerated; long-sighted; rate of increase
among, usually small; retention of the prehensile power of the feet by;
imitative faculties of; causes of low morality of; tribes of,
supplanting one another; improvements in the arts among; arts of;
fondness of, for rough music; on long-enduring fashions among;
attention paid by, to personal appearance; relation of the sexes among.
Saviotti, Dr., division of malar bone.
Saw-fly, pugnacity of a male.
Saw-flies, proportions of the sexes in.
Saxicola rubicola, young of.
Scalp, motion of the.
Scent-glands in snakes.
Schaaffhausen, Prof., on the development of the posterior molars in
different races of man; on the jaw from La Naulette; on the correlation
between muscularity and prominent supra-orbital ridges; on the mastoid
processes of man; on modifications of the cranial bones; on human
sacrifices; on the probable speedy extermination of the
anthropomorphous apes; on the ancient inhabitants of Europe; on the
effects of use and disuse of parts; on the superciliary ridge in man;
on the absence of race-differences in the infant skull in man; on
ugliness.
Schaum, H., on the elytra of Dytiscus and Hydroporus.
Scherzer and Schwarz, measurements of savages.
Schelver, on dragon-flies.
Schiodte, on the stridulation of Heterocerus.
Schlegel, F. von, on the complexity of the languages of uncivilised
peoples.
Schlegel, Prof., on Tanysiptera.
Schleicher, Prof, on the origin of language.
Schomburgk, Sir R., on the pugnacity of the male musk-duck of Guiana;
on the courtship of Rupicola crocea.
Schoolcraft, Mr., on the difficulty of fashioning stone implements.
Schopenhauer, on importance of courtship to mankind.
Schweinfurth, complexion of negroes.
Sciaena aquila.
Sclater, P.L., on modified secondary wing-feathers in the males of
Pipra; on elongated feathers in nightjars; on the species of
Chasmorhynchus; on the plumage of Pelecanus onocrotalus; on the
plantain-eaters; on the sexes and young of Tadorna variegata; on the
colours of Lemur macaco; on the stripes in asses.
Scolecida, absence of secondary sexual characters in.
Scolopax frenata, tail feathers of;
Scolopax gallinago, drumming of.
Scolopax javensis, tail-feathers of.
Scolopax major, assemblies of.
Scolopax Wilsonii, sound produced by.
Scolytus, stridulation of.
Scoter-duck, black, sexual difference in coloration of the; bright beak
of male.
Scott, Dr., on idiots smelling their food.
Scott, J., on the colour of the beard in man.
Scrope, on the pugnacity of the male salmon; on the battles of stags.
Scudder, S.H., imitation of the stridulation of the Orthoptera; on the
stridulation of the Acridiidae; on a Devonian insect; on stridulation.
Sculpture, expression of the ideal of beauty by.
Sea-anemones, bright colours of.
Sea-bear, polygamous.
Sea-elephant, male, structure of the nose of the; polygamous.
Sea-lion, polygamous.
Seal, bladder-nose.
Seals, their sentinels generally females; evidence furnished by, on
classification; polygamous habits of; battles of male; canine teeth of
male; sexual differences; pairing of; sexual peculiarities of; in the
coloration of; appreciation of music by.
Sea-scorpion, sexual differences in.
Season, changes of colour in birds, in accordance with the; changes of
plumage of birds in relation to.
Seasons, inheritance at corresponding.
Sebituani, African chief, trying to alter a fashion.
Sebright Bantam.
Secondary sexual characters; relations of polygamy to; transmitted
through both sexes; gradation of, in birds.
Sedgwick, W., on hereditary tendency to produce twins.
Seemann, Dr., on the different appreciation of music by different
peoples; on the effects of music.
Seidlitz, on horns of reindeer.
Selasphorus platycercus, acuminate first primary of the male.
Selby, P.J., on the habits of the black and red grouse.
Selection as applied to primeval man.
Selection, double.
Selection, injurious forms of, in civilised nations.
Selection of male by female birds.
Selection, methodical, of Prussian grenadiers.
Selection, sexual, explanation of; influence of, on the colouring of
Lepidoptera.
Selection, sexual and natural, contrasted.
Self-command, habit of, inherited; estimation of.
Self-consciousness, in animals.
Self-preservation, instinct of.
Self-sacrifice, by savages; estimation of.
Semilunar fold.
Semnopithecus, long hair on the heads of species of.
Semnopithecus chrysomelas, sexual differences of colour in.
Semnopithecus comatus, ornamental hair on the head of.
Semnopithecus frontatus, beard etc., of.
Semnopithecus nasica, nose of.
Semnopithecus nemaeus, colouring of.
Semnopithecus rubicundus, ornamental hair on the head of.
Senses, inferiority of Europeans to savages in the.
Sentinels, among animals.
Serpents, instinctively dreaded by apes and monkeys.
Serranus, hermaphroditism in.
Setina, noise produced by.
Sex, inheritance limited by.
Sexes, relative proportions of, in man; proportions of, sometimes
influenced by selection; probable relation of the, in primeval man.
Sexual and natural selection, contrasted.
Sexual characters, effects of the loss of; limitation of.
Sexual characters, secondary; relations of polygamy to; transmitted
through both sexes; gradation of, in birds.
Sexual differences in man.
Sexual selection, explanation of; influence of, on the colouring of
Lepidoptera; objections to; action of, in mankind.
Sexual selection in spiders.
Sexual selection, supplemental note on.
Sexual similarity.
Shaler, Prof., sizes of sexes in whales.
Shame.
Sharks, prehensile organs of male.
Sharpe, Dr., Europeans in the tropics.
Sharpe, R.B., on Tanysiptera sylvia; on Ceryle; on the young male of
Dacelo Gaudi-chaudi.
Shaw, Mr., on the pugnacity of the male salmon.
Shaw, J., on the decorations of birds.
Sheep, danger-signals of; sexual differences in the horns of; horns of;
domestic, sexual differences of, late developed; numerical proportion
of the sexes in; inheritance of horns by one sex; effect of castration;
mode of fighting of; arched foreheads of some.
Sheep, Merino, loss of horns in females of; horns of.
Shells, difference in form of, in male and female Gasteropoda;
beautiful colours and shapes of.
Shield-drake, pairing with a common duck; New Zealand, sexes and young
of.
Shooter, J., on the Kaffirs; on the marriage-customs of the Kaffirs.
Shrew-mice, odour of.
Shrike, Drongo.
Shrikes, characters of young.
Shuckard, W.E., on sexual differences in the wings of Hymenoptera.
Shyness of adorned male birds;
Siagonium, proportions of the sexes in; dimorphism in males of.
Siam, proportion of male and female births in.
Siamese, general beardlessness of the; notions of beauty of the; hairy
family of.
Sidgwick, H., on morality in hypothetical bee community; our actions
not entirely directed by pain and pleasure.
Siebold, C.T., von, on the proportion of sexes in the Apus; on the
auditory apparatus of the stridulent Orthoptera.
Sight, inheritance of long and short.
Signal-cries of monkeys.
Silk-moth, proportion of the sexes in; Ailanthus, Prof. Canestrini, on
the destruction of its larvae by wasps; difference of size of the male
and female cocoons of the; pairing of the.
Simiadae, their origin and divisions.
Similarity, sexual.
Singing of the Cicadae and Fulgoridae; of tree-frogs; of birds, object
of the.
Sirenia, nakedness of.
Sirex juvencus.
Siricidae, difference of the sexes in.
Siskin, pairing with a canary.
Sitana, throat-pouch of the males of.
Size, relative, of the sexes of insects.
Skin, dark colour of, a protection against heat.
Skin, movement of the; nakedness of, in man; colour of the.
Skin and hair, correlation of colour of.
Skull, variation of, in man; cubic contents of, no absolute test of
intellect; Neanderthal, capacity of the; causes of modification of the;
difference of, in form and capacity, in different races of men;
variability of the shape of the; differences of, in the sexes in man;
artificial modification of the shape of.
Skunk, odour emitted by the; white tail of, protective.
Slavery, prevalence of; of women.
Slaves, difference between field-and house-slaves.
Sloth, ornaments of male.
Smell, sense of, in man and animals.
Smith, Adam, on the basis of sympathy.
Smith, Sir A., on the recognition of women by male Cynocephali; on
revenge by a baboon; on an instance of memory in a baboon; on the
retention of their colour by the Dutch in South Africa; on the polygamy
of the South African antelopes; on the polygamy of the lion; on the
proportion of the sexes in Kobus ellipsiprymnus; on Bucephalus
capensis; on South African lizards; on fighting gnus; on the horns of
rhinoceroses; on the fighting of lions; on the colours of the Cape
Eland; on the colours of the gnu; on Hottentot notions of beauty;
disbelief in communistic marriages.
Smith, F., on the Cynipidae and Tenthredinidae; on the relative size of
the sexes of Aculeate Hymenoptera; on the difference between the sexes
of ants and bees; on the stridulation of Trox sabulosus; on the
stridulation of Mononychus pseudacori.
Smynthurus luteus, courtship of.
Snakes, sexual differences of; mental powers of; male, ardency of.
“Snarling muscles.”
Snipe, drumming of the; coloration of the.
Snipe, painted, sexes and young of.
Snipe, solitary, assemblies of.
Snipes, arrival of male before the female; pugnacity of male; double
moult in.
Snow-goose, whiteness of the.
Sociability, the sense of duty connected with; impulse to, in animals;
manifestations of, in man; instinct of, in animals.
Social animals, affection of, for each other; defence of, by the males.
Sociality, probable, of primeval men; influence of, on the development
of the intellectual faculties; origin of, in man.
Soldiers, American, measurements of.
Soldiers and sailors, difference in the proportions of.
Solenostoma, bright colours and marsupial sac of the females of.
Song, of male birds appreciated by their females; want of, in brilliant
plumaged birds; of birds.
Sorex, odour of.
Sounds, admired alike by man and animals; produced by fishes; produced
by male frogs and toads; instrumentally produced by birds.
Spain, decadence of.
Sparassus smaragdulus, difference of colour in the sexes of.
Sparrow, pugnacity of the male; acquisition of the Linnet’s song by a;
coloration of the; immature plumage of the.
Sparrow, white-crowned, young of the.
Sparrows, house-and tree-.
Sparrows, new mates found by.
Sparrows, sexes and young of; learning to sing.
Spathura Underwoodi.
Spawning of fishes.
Spear, used before dispersion of man.
Species, causes of the advancement of; distinctive characters of; or
races of man; sterility and fertility of, when crossed; supposed, of
man; gradation of; difficulty of defining; representative, of birds; of
birds, comparative differences between the sexes of distinct.
Spectrum femoratum, difference of colour in the sexes of.
Speech, connection between the brain and the faculty of; connection of
intonation with music.
Spel, of the black-cock.
Spencer, Herbert, on the influence of food on the size of the jaws; on
the dawn of intelligence; on the origin of the belief in spiritual
agencies; on the origin of the moral sense; on music.
Spengel, disagrees with explanation of man’s hairlessness.
Sperm-whales, battles of male.
Sphingidae, coloration of the.
Sphinx, Humming-bird.
Sphinx, Mr. Bates on the caterpillar of a.
Sphinx moth, musky odour of.
Spiders, parental feeling in; male, more active than female; proportion
of the sexes in; secondary sexual characters of; courtship of male;
attracted by music; male, small size of.
Spilosoma menthastri, rejected by turkeys.
Spine, alteration of, to suit the erect attitude of man.
Spirits, fondness of monkeys for.
Spiritual agencies, belief in, almost universal.
Spiza cyanea and ciris.
Spoonbill, Chinese, change of plumage in.
Spots, retained throughout groups of birds; disappearance of, in adult
mammals.
Sprengel, C.K., on the sexuality of plants.
Springboc, horns of the.
Sproat, Mr., on the extinction of savages in Vancouver Island; on the
eradication of facial hair by the natives of Vancouver Island; on the
eradication of the beard by the Indians of Vancouver Island.
Spurs, occurrence of, in female fowls; development of, in various
species of Phasianidae; of Gallinaceous birds; development of, in
female Gallinaceae.
Squilla, different colours of the sexes of a species of.
Squirrels, battles of male; African, sexual differences in the
colouring of; black.
Stag, long hairs of the throat of; horns of the; battles of; horns of
the, with numerous branches; bellowing of the; crest of the.
Stag-beetle, numerical proportion of sexes of; use of jaws; large size
of male; weapons of the male.
Stainton, H.T., on the numerical proportion of the sexes in the smaller
moths; habits of Elachista rufocinerea; on the coloration of moths; on
the rejection of Spilosoma menthastri by turkeys; on the sexes of
Agrotis exclamationis.
Staley, Bishop, mortality of infant Maories.
Stallion, mane of the.
Stallions, two, attacking a third; fighting; small canine teeth of.
Stansbury, Captain, observations on pelicans.
Staphylinidae, hornlike processes in male.
Starfishes, parental feeling in; bright colours of some.
Stark, Dr., on the death-rate in towns and rural districts; on the
influence of marriage on mortality; on the higher mortality of males in
Scotland.
Starling, American field-, pugnacity of male.
Starling, red-winged, selection of a mate by the female.
Starlings, three, frequenting the same nest; new mates found by.
Statues, Greek, Egyptian, Assyrian, etc., contrasted.
Stature, dependence of, upon local influences.
Staudinger, Dr., on breeding Lepidoptera; his list of Lepidoptera.
Staunton, Sir G., hatred of indecency a modern virtue.
Stealing of bright objects by birds.
Stebbing, T.R., on the nakedness of the human body.
Stemmatopus.
Stendhal, see Bombet.
Stenobothrus pratorum, stridulation.
Stephen, Mr. L., on the difference in the minds of men and animals; on
general concepts in animals; distinction between material and formal
morality.
Sterility, general, of sole daughters; when crossed, a distinctive
character of species; under changed conditions.
Sterna, seasonal change of plumage in.
Stickleback, polygamous; male, courtship of the; male, brilliant
colouring of, during the breeding season; nidification of the.
Sticks used as implements and weapons by monkeys.
Sting in bees.
Stokes, Captain, on the habits of the great bower-bird.
Stoliczka, Dr., on colours in snakes.
Stoliczka, on the pre-anal pores of lizards.
Stonechat, young of the.
Stone implements, difficulty of making; as traces of extinct tribes.
Stones, used by monkeys for breaking hard fruits and as missiles; piles
of.
Stork, black, sexual differences in the bronchi of the; red beak of
the.
Storks, sexual difference in the colour of the eyes of.
Strange, Mr., on the satin bowerbird.
Strepsiceros kudu, horns of; markings of.
Stretch, Mr., on the numerical proportion in the sexes of chickens.
Stridulation, by males of Theridion; of Hemiptera; of the Orthoptera
and Homoptera discussed; of beetles.
Stripes, retained throughout groups of birds; disappearance of, in
adult mammals.
Strix flammea.
Structure, existence of unserviceable modifications of.
Struggle for existence, in man.
Struthers, Dr., on the occurrence of the supra-condyloid foramen in the
humerus of man.
Sturnella ludoviciana, pugnacity of the male.
Sturnus vulgaris.
Sub-species.
Suffering, in strangers, indifference of savages to.
Suicide, formerly not regarded as a crime; rarely practised among the
lowest savages.
Suidae, stripes of the young.
Sulivan, Sir B.J., on speaking of parrots; on two stallions attacking a
third.
Sumatra, compression of the nose by the Malays of.
Sumner, Archb., man alone capable of progressive improvement.
Sun-birds, nidification of.
Superciliary ridge in man.
Supernumerary digits, more frequent in men than in women; inheritance
of; early development of.
Superstitions, prevalence of.
Superstitious customs.
Supra-condyloid foramen in the early progenitors of man.
Suspicion, prevalence of, among animals.
Swallow-tail butterfly.
Swallows deserting their young.
Swan, black, wild, trachea of the; white, young of; red beak of the;
black-necked.
Swans, young.
Swaysland, Mr., on the arrival of migratory birds.
Swifts, migration of.
Swinhoe, R., on the common rat in Formosa and China; behaviour of
lizards when caught; on the sounds produced by the male hoopoe; on
Dicrurus macrocercus and the spoonbill; on the young of Ardeola; on the
habits of Turnix; on the habits of Rhynchaea bengalensis; on Orioles
breeding in immature plumage.
Sylvia atricapilla, young of.
Sylvia cinerea, aerial love-dance of the male.
Sympathy, among animals; its supposed basis.
Sympathies, gradual widening of.
Syngnathous fishes, abdominal pouch in male.
Sypheotides auritus, acuminated primaries of the male; ear-tufts of.
Tabanidae, habits of.
Tadorna variegata, sexes and young of.
Tadorna vulpanser.
Tahitians, compression of the nose by the.
Tail, rudimentary, occurrence of, in man; convoluted body in the
extremity of the; absence of, in man and the higher apes; variability
of, in species of Macacus and in baboons; presence of, in the early
progenitors of man; length of, in pheasants; difference of length of
the, in the two sexes of birds.
Tait, Lawson, on the effects of natural selection on civilised nations.
Tanager, scarlet, variation in the male.
Tanagra aestiva, age of mature plumage in.
Tanagra rubra, young of.
Tanais, absence of mouth in the males of some species of; relations of
the sexes in; dimorphic males of a species of.
Tankerville, Earl, on the battles of wild bulls.
Tanysiptera, races of, determined from adult males.
Tanysiptera sylvia, long tail-feathers of.
Taphroderes distortus, enlarged left mandible of the male.
Tapirs, longitudinal stripes of young.
Tarsi, dilatation of front, in male beetles.
Tarsius.
Tasmania, half-castes killed by the natives of.
Tasmanians, extinction of.
Taste, in the Quadrumana.
Tattooing, universality of.
Taylor, G., on Quiscalus major.
Taylor, Rev. R., on tattooing in New Zealand.
Tea, fondness of monkeys for.
Teal, constancy of.
Tear-sacs, of Ruminants.
Teebay, Mr., on changes of plumage in spangled Hamburg fowls.
Teeth, rudimentary incisor, in Ruminants; posterior molar, in man;
wisdom; diversity of; canine, in the early progenitors of man; canine,
of male mammals; in man, reduced by correlation; staining of the;
front, knocked out or filed by some savages.
Tegetmeier, Mr., on the transmission of colours in pigeons by one sex
alone; numerical proportion of male and female births in dogs; on the
abundance of male pigeons; on the wattles of game-cocks; on the
courtship of fowls; on the loves of pigeons; on dyed pigeons; blue
dragon pigeons.
Tembeta, S. American ornament.
Temper, in dogs and horses, inherited.
Tench, proportions of the sexes in the; brightness of male, during
breeding season.
Tenebrionidae, stridulation of.
Tennent, Sir J.E., on the tusks of the Ceylon Elephant; on the frequent
absence of beard in the natives of Ceylon; on the Chinese opinion of
the aspect of the Cingalese.
Tennyson, A., on the control of thought.
Tenthredinidae, proportions of the sexes in; fighting habits of male;
difference of the sexes in.
Tephrodornis, young of.
Terai, in India.
Termites, habits of.
Terns, white; and black.
Terns, seasonal change of plumage in.
Terror, common action of, upon the lower animals and man.
Testudo elegans.
Testudo nigra.
Tetrao cupido, battles of; sexual difference in the vocal organs of.
Tetrao phasianellus, dances of; duration of dances of.
Tetrao scoticus.
Tetrao tetrix, pugnacity of the male.
Tetrao umbellus, pairing of; battles of; drumming of the male.
Tetrao urogalloides, dances of.
Tetrao urogallus, pugnacity of the male.
Tetrao urophasianus, inflation of the oesophagus in the male.
Thamnobia, young of.
Thecla, sexual differences of colouring in species of.
Thecla rubi, protective colouring of.
Thecophora fovea.
Theognis, selection in mankind.
Theridion, stridulation of males of.
Theridion lineatum.
Thomisus citreus, and Thomisus floricolens, difference of colour in the
sexes of.
Thompson, J.H., on the battles of sperm-whales.
Thompson, W., on the colouring of the male char during the breeding
season; on the pugnacity of the males of Gallinula chloropus; on the
finding of new mates by magpies; on the finding of new mates by
Peregrine falcons.
Thorax, processes of, in male beetles.
Thorell, T., on the proportion of sexes in spiders.
Thornback, difference in the teeth of the two sexes of the.
Thoughts, control of.
Thrush, pairing with a blackbird; colours and nidification of the.
Thrushes, characters of young.
Thug, remorse of a.
Thumb, absence of, in Ateles and Hylobates.
Thury, M., on the numerical proportion of male and female births among
the Jews.
Thylacinus, possession of the marsupial sac by the male.
Thysanura.
Tibia, dilated, of the male Crabro cribrarius.
Tibia and femur, proportions of, in the Aymara Indians.
Tierra del Fuego, marriage-customs of.
Tiger, colours and markings of the.
Tigers, depopulation of districts by, in India.
Tillus elongatus, difference of colour in the sexes of.
Timidity, variability of, in the same species.
Tinca vulgaris.
Tipula, pugnacity of male.
Tits, sexual difference of colour in.
Toads, male, treatment of ova by some; male, ready to breed before the
female.
Todas, infanticide and proportion of sexes; practice polyandry; choice
of husbands amongst.
Toe, great, condition of, in the human embryo.
Tomicus villosus, proportion of the sexes in.
Tomtit, blue, sexual difference of colour in the.
Tonga Islands, beardlessness of the natives of.
Tooke, Horne, on language.
Tools, flint; used by monkeys; use of.
Topknots in birds.
Tortoise, voice of the male.
Tortures, submitted to by American savages.
Totanus, double moult in.
Toucans, colours and nidification of the; beaks and ceres of the.
Towns, residence in, a cause of diminished stature.
Toynbee, J., on the external shell of the ear in man.
Trachea, convoluted and imbedded in the sternum, in some birds;
structure of the, in Rhynchaea.
Trades, affecting the form of the skull.
Tragelaphus, sexual differences of colour in.
Tragelaphus scriptus, dorsal crest of; markings of.
Tragopan, swelling of the wattles of the male, during courtship;
display of plumage by the male; marking of the sexes of the.
Tragops dispar, sexual difference in the colour of.
Training, effect of, on the mental difference between the sexes of man.
Transfer of male characters to female birds.
Transmission, equal, of ornamental characters, to both sexes in
mammals.
Traps, avoidance of, by animals; use of.
Treachery, to comrades, avoidance of, by savages.
Tremex columbae.
Tribes, extinct; extinction of.
Trichius, difference of colour in the sexes of a species of.
Trigla.
Trigonocephalus, noise made by tail of.
Trimen, R., on the proportion of the sexes in South African
butterflies; on the attraction of males by the female Lasiocampa
quercus; on Pneumora; on difference of colour in the sexes of beetles;
on moths brilliantly coloured beneath; on mimicry in butterflies; on
Gynanisa Isis, and on the ocellated spots of Lepidoptera; on Cyllo
Leda.
Tringa, sexes and young of.
Tringa cornuta.
Triphaena, coloration of the species of.
Tristram, H.B., on unhealthy districts in North Africa; on the habits
of the chaffinch in Palestine; on the birds of the Sahara; on the
animals inhabiting the Sahara.
Triton cristatus.
Triton palmipes.
Triton punctatus.
Troglodyte skulls, greater than those of modern Frenchmen.
Troglodytes vulgaris.
Trogons, colours and nidification of the.
Tropic-birds, white only when mature.
Tropics, freshwater fishes of the.
Trout, proportion of the sexes in; male, pugnacity of the.
Trox sabulosus, stridulation of.
Truth, not rare between members of the same tribe; more highly
appreciated by certain tribes.
Tulloch, Major, on the immunity of the negro from certain fevers.
Tumbler, almond, change of plumage in the.
Turdus merula, young of.
Turdus migratorius.
Turdus musicus.
Turdus polyglottus, young of.
Turdus torquatus.
Turkey, wild, pugnacity of young male; wild, notes of the; swelling of
the wattles of the male; variety of, with a top-knot; recognition of a
dog by a; male, wild, acceptable to domesticated females; wild, first
advances made by older females; wild, breast-tuft of bristles of the.
Turkey-cock, scraping of the wings of, upon the ground; wild, display
of plumage by; fighting habits of.
Turner, Prof. W., on muscular fasciculi in man referable to the
panniculus carnosus; on the occurrence of the supra-condyloid foramen
in the human humerus; on muscles attached to the coccyx in man; on the
filum terminale in man; on the variability of the muscles; on abnormal
conditions of the human uterus; on the development of the mammary
glands; on male fishes hatching ova in their mouths; on the external
perpendicular fissure of the brain; on the bridging convolutions in the
brain of a chimpanzee.
Turnix, sexes of some species of.
Turtle-dove, cooing of the.
Tuttle, H., on the number of species of man.
Tylor, E.B., on emotional cries, gestures, etc., of man; on the origin
of the belief in spiritual agencies; remorse for violation of tribal
usage in marrying; on the primitive barbarism of civilised nations; on
the origin of counting; inventions of savages; on resemblances, of the
mental characters in different races of man.
Type of structure, prevalence of.
Typhaeus, stridulating organs of; stridulation of.
Twins, tendency to produce, hereditary.
Twite, proportion of the sexes in.
Ugliness, said to consist in an approach to the lower animals.
Umbrella-bird.
Umbrina, sounds produced by.
United States, rate of increase in; influence of natural selection on
the progress of; change undergone by Europeans in the.
Upupa epops, sounds produced by the male.
Uraniidae, coloration of the.
Uria troile, variety of (=U. lacrymans).
Urodela.
Urosticte Benjamini, sexual differences in.
Use and disuse of parts, effects of; influence of, on the races of man.
Uterus, reversion in the; more or less divided, in the human subject;
double, in the early progenitors of man.
Vaccination, influence of.
Vancouver Island, Mr. Sproat on the savages of; natives of, eradication
of facial hair by the.
Vanellus cristatus, wing tubercles of the male.
Vanessae, resemblance of lower surface of, to bark of trees.
Variability, causes of; in man, analogous to that in the lower animals;
of the races of man; greater in men than in women; period of, relation
of the, to sexual selection; of birds; of secondary sexual characters
in man.
Variation, laws of; correlated; in man; analogous; analogous, in
plumage of birds.
Variations, spontaneous.
Varieties, absence of, between two species, evidence of their
distinctness.
Variety, an object in nature.
Variola, communicable between man and the lower animals.
Vaureal, human bones from.
Veddahs, monogamous habits of.
Veitch, Mr., on the aversion of Japanese ladies to whiskers.
Vengeance, instinct of.
Venus Erycina, priestesses of.
Vermes.
Vermiform appendage.
Verreaux, M., on the attraction of numerous males by the female of an
Australian Bombyx.
Vertebrae, caudal, number of in macaques and baboons; of monkeys,
partly imbedded in the body.
Vertebrata, common origin of the; most ancient progenitors of; origin
of the voice in air-breathing.
Vesicula prostatica, the homologue of the uterus.
Vibrissae, represented by long hairs in the eyebrows.
Vidua.
Vidua axillaris.
Villerme, M., on the influence of plenty upon stature.
Vinson, Aug., courtship of male spider; on the male of Epeira nigra.
Viper, difference of the sexes in the.
Virey, on the number of species of man.
Virtues, originally social only; gradual appreciation of.
Viscera, variability of, in man.
Vlacovich, Prof., on the ischio-pubic muscle.
Vocal music of birds.
Vocal organs of man; of birds; of frogs; of the Insessores; difference
of, in the sexes of birds; primarily used in relation to the
propagation of the species.
Vogt, Karl, on the origin of species; on the origin of man; on the
semilunar fold in man; on microcephalous idiots; on the imitative
faculties of microcephalous idiots; on skulls from Brazilian caves; on
the evolution of the races of man; on the formation of the skull in
women; on the Ainos and negroes; on the increased cranial difference of
the sexes in man with race development; on the obliquity of the eye in
the Chinese and Japanese.
Voice in mammals; in monkeys and man; in man; origin of, in
air-breathing vertebrates.
Von Baer, see Baer.
Vulpian, Prof., on the resemblance between the brains of man and the
higher apes.
Vultures, selection of a mate by the female; colours of.
Waders, young of.
Wagner, R., on the occurrence of the diastema in a Kaffir skull; on the
bronchi of the black stork.
Wagtail, Ray’s, arrival of the male before the female.
Wagtails, Indian, young of.
Waist, proportions of, in soldiers and sailors.
Waitz, Prof., on the number of species of man; on the liability of
negroes to tropical fevers after residence in a cold climate; on the
colour of Australian infants; on the beardlessness of negroes; on the
fondness of mankind for ornaments; on negro ideas of female beauty; on
Javan and Cochin Chinese ideas of beauty.
Waldeyer, M., on the hermaphroditism of the vertebrate embryo.
Wales, North, numerical proportion of male and female births in.
Walkenaer and Gervais, spider attracted by music; on the Myriapoda.
Walker, Alex., on the large size of the hands of labourers’ children.
Walker, F., on sexual differences in the diptera.
Wallace, Dr. A., on the prehensile use of the tarsi in male moths; on
the rearing of the Ailanthus silkmoth; on breeding Lepidoptera;
proportion of sexes of Bombyx cynthia, B. yamamai, and B. Pernyi reared
by; on the development of Bombyx cynthia and B. yamamai; on the pairing
of Bombyx cynthia.
Wallace, A.R., on the origin of man; on the power of imitation in man;
on the use of missiles by the orang; on the varying appreciation of
truth among different tribes; on the limits of natural selection in
man; on the occurrence of remorse among savages; on the effects of
natural selection on civilised nations; on the use of the convergence
of the hair at the elbow in the orang; on the contrast in the
characters of the Malays and Papuans; on the line of separation between
the Papuans and Malays; on the birds of paradise; on the sexes of
Ornithoptera Croesus; on protective resemblances; on the relative sizes
of the sexes of insects; on Elaphomyia; on the pugnacity of the males
of Leptorhynchus angustatus; on sounds produced by Euchirus longimanus;
on the colours of Diadema; on Kallima; on the protective colouring of
moths; on bright coloration as protective in butterflies; on
variability in the Papilionidae; on male and female butterflies,
inhabiting different stations; on the protective nature of the dull
colouring of female butterflies; on mimicry in butterflies; on the
bright colours of caterpillars; on brightly-coloured fishes frequenting
reefs; on the coral snakes; on Paradisea apoda; on the display of
plumage by male birds of paradise; on assemblies of birds of paradise;
on the instability of the ocellated spots in Hipparchia Janira; on
sexually limited inheritance; on the sexual coloration of birds; on the
relation between the colours and nidification of birds; on the
coloration of the Cotingidae; on the females of Paradisea apoda and
papuana; on the incubation of the cassowary; on protective coloration
in birds; on the Babirusa; on the markings of the tiger; on the beards
of the Papuans; on the hair of the Papuans; on the distribution of hair
on the human body.
Walrus, development of the nictitating membrane in the; tusks of the;
use of the tusks by the.
Walsh, B.D., on the proportion of the sexes in Papilio Turnus; on the
Cynipidae and Cecidomyidae; on the jaws of Ammophila; on Corydalis
cornutus; on the prehensile organs of male insects; on the antennae of
Penthe; on the caudal appendages of dragonflies; on Platyphyllum
concavum; on the sexes of the Ephemeridae; on the difference of colour
in the sexes of Spectrum femoratum; on sexes of dragon-flies; on the
difference of the sexes in the Ichneumonidae; on the sexes of Orsodacna
atra; on the variation of the horns of the male Phanaeas carnifex; on
the coloration of the species of Anthocharis.
Wapiti, battles of; traces of horns in the female; attacking a man;
crest of the male; sexual difference in the colour of the.
Warbler, hedge-; young of the.
Warblers, superb, nidification of.
Wariness, acquired by animals.
Warington, R., on the habits of the stickleback; on the brilliant
colours of the male stickleback during the breeding season.
Wart-hog, tusks and pads of the.
Watchmakers, short-sighted.
Waterhen.
Waterhouse, C.O., on blind beetles; on difference of colour in the
sexes of beetles.
Waterhouse, G.R., on the voice of Hylobates agilis.
Water-ouzel, autumn song of the.
Waterton, C., on the Bell-bird; on the pairing of a Canada goose with a
Bernicle gander; on hares fighting.
Wattles, disadvantageous to male birds in fighting.
Weale, J., Mansel, on a South African caterpillar.
Wealth, influence of.
Weapons, used by man; employed by monkeys; offensive, of males; of
mammals.
Weaver-bird.
Weaver-birds, rattling of the wings of; assemblies of.
Webb, Dr., on the wisdom teeth.
Wedderburn, Mr., assembly of black game.
Wedgwood, Hensleigh, on the origin of language.
Weevils, sexual difference in length of snout in some.
Weir, Harrison, on the numerical proportion of the sexes in pigs and
rabbits; on the sexes of young pigeons; on the songs of birds; on
pigeons; on the dislike of blue pigeons to other coloured varieties; on
the desertion of their mates by female pigeons.
Weir, J. Jenner, on the nightingale and blackcap; on the relative
sexual maturity of male birds; on female pigeons deserting a feeble
mate; on three starlings frequenting the same nest; on the proportion
of the sexes in Machetes pugnax and other birds; on the coloration of
the Triphaenae; on the rejection of certain caterpillars by birds; on
sexual differences of the beak in the goldfinch; on a piping bullfinch;
on the object of the nightingale’s song; on song-birds; on the
pugnacity of male fine-plumaged birds; on the courtship of birds; on
the finding of new mates by Peregrine falcons and Kestrels; on the
bullfinch and starling; on the cause of birds remaining unpaired; on
starlings and parrots living in triplets; on recognition of colour by
birds; on hybrid birds; on the selection of a greenfinch by a female
canary; on a case of rivalry of female bullfinches; on the maturity of
the golden pheasant.
Weisbach, Dr., measurement of men of different races; on the greater
variability of men than of women; on the relative proportions of the
body in the sexes of different races of man.
Weismann, Prof., colours of Lycaenae.
Welcker, M., on brachycephaly and dolichocephaly; on sexual differences
in the skull in man.
Wells, Dr., on the immunity of coloured races from certain poisons.
Westring, on the stridulation of males of Theridion; on the
stridulation of Reduvius personatus; on the stridulation of beetles; on
the stridulation of Omaloplia brunnea; on the stridulating organs of
the Coleoptera; on sounds produced by Cychrus.
Westropp, H.M., on reason in a bear; on the prevalence of certain forms
of ornamentation.
Westwood, J.O., on the classification of the Hymenoptera; on the
Culicidae and Tabanidae; on a Hymenopterous parasite with a sedentary
male; on the proportions of the sexes in Lucanus cervus and Siagonium;
on the absence of ocelli in female Mutillidae; on the jaws of
Ammophila; on the copulation of insects of distinct species; on the
male of Crabro cribrarius; on the pugnacity of the male Tipulae; on the
stridulation of Pirates stridulus; on the Cicadae; on the stridulating
organs of the cricket; on Ephippiger vitium; on Pneumora; on the
pugnacity of the Mantides; on Platyblemnus; on difference in the sexes
of the Agrionidae; on the pugnacity of the males of a species of
Tenthredinae; on the pugnacity of the male stag-beetle; on Bledius
taurus and Siagonium; on lamellicorn beetles; on the coloration of
Lithosia.
Whale, Sperm-, battles of male.
Whales, nakedness of.
Whately, Arch., language not peculiar to man; on the primitive
civilisation of man.
Whewell, Prof., on maternal affection.
Whiskers, in monkeys.
White, F.B., noise produced by Hylophila.
White, Gilbert, on the proportion of the sexes in the partridge; on the
house-cricket; on the object of the song of birds; on the finding of
new mates by white owls; on spring coveys of male partridges.
Whiteness, a sexual ornament in some birds; of mammals inhabiting snowy
countries.
White-throat, aerial love-dance of the male.
Whitney, Prof., on the development of language; language not
indispensable for thought.
Widgeon, pairing with a pintail duck.
Widow-bird, polygamous; breeding plumage of the male; female, rejecting
the unadorned male.
Widows and widowers, mortality of.
Wilckens, Dr., on the modification of domestic animals in mountainous
regions; on a numerical relation between the hairs and excretory pores
in sheep.
Wilder, Dr. Burt, on the greater frequency of supernumerary digits in
men than in women.
Williams, on the marriage-customs of the Fijians.
Wilson, Dr., on the conical heads of the natives of North-Western
Africa; on the Fijians; on the persistence of the fashion of
compressing the skull.
Wing-spurs.
Wings, differences of, in the two sexes of butterflies and Hymenoptera;
play of, in the courtship of birds.
Winter, change of colour of mammals in.
Witchcraft.
Wives, traces of the forcible capture of.
Wolf, winter change of the.
Wolff, on the variability of the viscera in man.
Wollaston, T.V., on Eurygnathus; on musical Curculionidae; on the
stridulation of Acalles.
Wolves, learning to bark from dogs; hunting in packs.
Wolves, black.
Wombat, black varieties of the.
Women, distinguished from men by male monkeys; preponderance of, in
numbers; selection of, for beauty; effects of selection of, in
accordance with different standards of beauty; practice of capturing;
early betrothals and slavery of; freedom of selection by, in savage
tribes.
Wonder, manifestations of, by animals.
Wonfor, Mr., on sexual peculiarities, in the wings of butterflies.
Wood, J., on muscular variations in man; on the greater variability of
the muscles in men than in women.
Wood, T.W., on the colouring of the orange-tip butterfly; on the habits
of the Saturniidae; quarrels of chamaeleons; on the habits of Menura
Alberti; on Tetrao cupido; on the display of plumage by male pheasants;
on the ocellated spots of the Argus pheasant; on fighting of Menura
superba; on the habits of the female cassowary.
Woodcock, coloration of the.
Woodpecker, selection of a mate by the female.
Woodpeckers, tapping of; colours and nidification of the; characters of
young.
Woolner, Mr., observations on the ear in man.
Wormald, Mr., on the coloration of Hypopyra.
Wounds, healing of.
Wren, young of the.
Wright, C.A., on the young of Orocetes and Petrocincla.
Wright, Chauncey, great brain-power requisite for language; on
correlative acquisition; on the enlargement of the brain in man.
Wright, Mr., on the Scotch deer-hound; on sexual preference in dogs; on
the rejection of a horse by a mare.
Wright, W. von, on the protective plumage of the Ptarmigan.
Writing.
Wyman, Prof., on the prolongation of the coccyx in the human embryo; on
the condition of the great toe in the human embryo; on the occurrence
of the supra-condyloid foramen in the humerus of man; on variation in
the skulls of the natives of the Sandwich Islands; on the hatching of
the eggs in the mouths and branchial cavities of male fishes.
Xenarchus, on the Cicadae.
Xenophon, selection in mankind advocated by.
Xenorhynchus, sexual difference in the colour of the eyes in.
Xiphophorus Hellerii, peculiar anal fin of the male.
Xylocopa, difference of the sexes in.
Yarrel, W., on the habits of the Cyprinidae; on Raia clavata; on the
characters of the male salmon during the breeding season; on the
characters of the rays; on the gemmeous dragonet; on colours of salmon;
on the spawning of the salmon; on the incubation of the Lophobranchii;
on rivalry in song-birds; on the trachea of the swan; on the moulting
of the Anatidae; on the young of the waders.
Yellow fever, immunity of negroes and mulattoes from.
Youatt, Mr., on the development of the horns in cattle.
Yura-caras, their notions of beauty.
Zebra, rejection of an ass by a female; stripes of the.
Zebus, humps of.
Zigzags, prevalence of, as ornaments.
Zincke, Mr., on European emigration to America.
Zootoca vivipara, sexual difference in the colour of.
Zouteveen, Dr., polydactylism; proportion of sexes at Cape of Good
Hope; spiders attracted by music; on sounds produced by fish.
Zygaenidae, coloration of the.
THE END.