Coffee, fondness of monkeys for.
Cold, supposed effects of; power of supporting, by man.
Coleoptera, stridulation of; stridulant organs of, discussed.
Colias edusa and hyale.
Collingwood, C., on the pugnacity of the butterflies of Borneo; on
butterflies being attracted by a dead specimen of the same species.
Colobus, absence of the thumb.
Colombia, flattened heads of savages of.
Colonists, success of the English as.
Coloration, protective, in birds.
Colour, supposed to be dependent on light and heat; correlation of,
with immunity from certain poisons and parasites; purpose of, in
lepidoptera; relation of, to sexual functions, in fishes; difference
of, in the sexes of snakes; sexual differences of, in lizards;
influence of, in the pairing of birds of different species; relation
of, to nidification; sexual differences of, in mammals; recognition of,
by quadrupeds; of children, in different races of man; of the skin in
man.
Colours, admired alike by man and animals; bright, due to sexual
selection; bright, among the lower animals; bright, protective to
butterflies and moths; bright, in male fishes; transmission of, in
birds.
Colquhoun, example of reasoning in a retriever.
Columba passerina, young of.
Colymbus glacialis, anomalous young of.
Comb, development of, in fowls.
Combs and wattles in male birds.
Community, preservation of variations useful to the, by natural
selection.
Complexion, different in men and women, in an African tribe.
Compositae, gradation of species among the.
Comte, C., on the expression of the ideal of beauty by sculpture.
Conditions of life, action of changed, upon man; influence of, on
plumage of birds.
Condor, eyes and comb of the.
Conjugations, origin of.
Conscience, absence of, in some criminals.
Constitution, difference of, in different races of men.
Consumption, liability of Cebus Azarae to; connection between
complexion and.
Convergence of characters.
Cooing of pigeons and doves.
Cook, Captain, on the nobles of the Sandwich Islands.
Cope, E.D., on the Dinosauria.
Cophotis ceylanica, sexual differences of.
Copris.
Copris Isidis, sexual differences of.
Copris lunaris, stridulation of.
Corals, bright colours of.
Coral-snakes.
Cordylus, sexual difference of colour in a species of.
Corfu, habits of the Chaffinch in.
Cornelius, on the proportions of the sexes in Lucanus Cervus.
Corpora Wolffiana, agreement of, with the kidneys of fishes.
Correlated variation.
Correlation, influence of, in the production of races.
Corse, on the mode of fighting of the elephant.
Corvus corone.
Corvus graculus, red beak of.
Corvus pica, nuptial assembly of.
Corydalis cornutus, large jaws of the male.
Cosmetornis.
Cosmetornis vexillarius, elongation of wing-feathers in.
Cotingidae, sexual differences in; coloration of the sexes of;
resemblance of the females of distinct species of.
Cottus scorpius, sexual differences in.
Coulter, Dr., on the Californian Indians.
Counting, origin of; limited power of, in primeval man.
Courage, variability of, in the same species; universal high
appreciation of; importance of; characteristic of men.
Courtship, greater eagerness of males in; of fishes; of birds.
Cow, winter change of colour.
Crab, devil.
Crab, shore, habits of.
Crabro cribrarius, dilated tibiae of the male.
Crabs, proportions of the sexes in.
Cranz, on the inheritance of dexterity in seal-catching.
Crawfurd, on the number of species of man.
Crenilabrus massa and C. melops, nests, built by.
Crest, origin of, in Polish fowls.
Crests, of birds, difference of, in the sexes; dorsal hairy, of
mammals.
Cricket, field-, stridulation of the; pugnacity of male.
Cricket, house-, stridulation of the.
Crickets, sexual differences in.
Crinoids, complexity of.
Crioceridae, stridulation of the.
Croaking of frogs.
Crocodiles, musky odour of, during the breeding season.
Crocodilia.
Crossbills, characters of young.
Crosses in man.
Crossing of races, effects of the.
Crossoptilon auritum, adornment of both sexes of; sexes alike in.
Crotch, G.R., on the stridulation of beetles; on the stridulation of
Heliopathes; on the stridulation of Acalles; habit of female deer at
breeding time.
Crow, Indians, long hair of the.
Crow, young of the.
Crows, vocal organs of the; living in triplets.
Crows, carrion, new mates found by.
Crows, Indian, feeding their blind companions.
Cruelty of savages to animals.
Crustacea, parasitic, loss of limbs by female; prehensile feet and
antennae of; male, more active than female; parthenogenesis in;
secondary sexual characters of; amphipod, males sexually mature while
young; auditory hairs of.
Crystal worn in the lower lip by some Central African women.
Cuckoo fowls.
Culicidae, attracted by each other’s humming.
Cullen, Dr., on the throat-pouch of the male bustard.
Cultivation of plants, probable origin of.
Cupples, Mr., on the numerical proportion of the sexes in dogs, sheep,
and cattle; on the Scotch deerhound; on sexual preference in dogs.
Curculionidae, sexual difference in length of snout in some; hornlike
processes in male; musical.
Curiosity, manifestations of, by animals.
Curlews, double moult in.
Cursores, comparative absence of sexual differences among the.
Curtis, J., on the proportion of the sexes in Athalia.
Cuvier, F., on the recognition of women by male quadrumana.
Cuvier, G., on the number of caudal vertebrae in the mandrill; on
instinct and intelligence; views of, as to the position of man; on the
position of the seals; on Hectocotyle.
Cyanalcyon, sexual difference in colours of; immature plumage of.
Cyanecula suecica, sexual differences of.
Cychrus, sounds produced by.
Cycnia mendica, sexual difference of, in colour.
Cygnus ferus, trachea of.
Cygnus immutabilis.
Cygnus olor, white young of.
Cyllo Leda, instability of the ocellated spots of.
Cynanthus, variation in the genus.
Cynipidae, proportion of the sexes in.
Cynocephalus, difference of the young from the adult; male, recognition
of women by; polygamous habits of species of.
Cynocephalus babouin.
Cynocephalus chacma.
Cynocephalus gelada.
Cynocephalus hamadryas, sexual difference of colour in.
Cynocephalus leucophaeus, colours of the sexes of.
Cynocephalus mormon, colours of the male.
Cynocephalus porcarius, mane of the male.
Cynocephalus sphinx.
Cynopithecus niger, ear of.
Cypridina, proportions of the sexes in.
Cyprinidae, proportion of the sexes in the.
Cyprinidae, Indian.
Cyprinodontidae, sexual differences in the.
Cyprinus auratus.
Cypris, relation of the sexes in.
Cyrtodactylus rubidus.
Cystophora cristata, hood of.
Dacelo, sexual difference of colour in.
Dacelo Gaudichaudi, young male of.
Dal-ripa, a kind of ptarmigan.
Damalis albifrons, peculiar markings of.
Damalis pygarga, peculiar markings of.
Dampness of climate, supposed influence of, on the colour of the skin.
Danaidae.
Dances of birds.
Dancing, universality of.
Danger-signals of animals.
Daniell, Dr., his experience of residence in West Africa.
Darfur, protuberances artificially produced by natives of.
Darwin, F., on the stridulation of Dermestes murinus.
Dasychira pudibunda, sexual difference of colour in.
Davis, A.H., on the pugnacity of the male stag-beetle.
Davis, J.B., on the capacity of the skull in various races of men; on
the beards of the Polynesians.
Death’s Head Sphinx.
Death-rate higher in towns than in rural districts.
Death-tick.
De Candolle, Alph., on a case of inherited power of moving the scalp.
Declensions, origin of.
Decoration in birds.
Decticus.
Deer, development of the horns in; spots of young; horns of; use of
horns of; horns of a, in course of modification; size of the horns of;
female, pairing with one male whilst others are fighting for her; male,
attracted by the voice of the female; male, odour emitted by.
Deer, Axis, sexual difference in the colour of the.
Deer, fallow, different coloured herds of.
Deer, Mantchurian.
Deer, Virginian, colour of the, not affected by castration; colours of.
Deerhound, Scotch, greater size of the male.
Defensive orders of mammals.
De Geer, C., on a female spider destroying a male.
Dekay, Dr., on the bladder-nose seal.
Delorenzi, G., division of malar bone.
Demerara, yellow fever in.
Dendrocygna.
Dendrophila frontalis, young of.
Denison, Sir W., manner of ridding themselves of vermin among the
Australians; extinction of Tasmanians.
Denny, H., on the lice of domestic animals.
Dermestes murinus, stridulation of.
Descent traced through the mother alone.
Deserts, protective colouring of animals inhabiting.
Desmarest, on the absence of suborbital pits in Antilope subgutturosa;
on the whiskers of Macacus; on the colour of the opossum; on the
colours of the sexes of Mus minutus; on the colouring of the ocelot; on
the colours of seals; on Antilope caama; on the colours of goats; on
sexual difference of colour in Ateles marginatus; on the mandrill; on
Macacus cynomolgus.
Desmoulins, on the number of species of man; on the muskdeer.
Desor, on the imitation of man by monkeys.
Despine, P., on criminals destitute of conscience.
Development, embryonic of man; correlated.
Devil, not believed in by the Fuegians.
Devil-crab.
Devonian, fossil-insect from the.
Dewlaps, of Cattle and antelopes.
Diadema, sexual differences of colouring in the species of.
Diamond-beetles, bright colours of.
Diastema, occurrence of, in man.
Diastylidae, proportion of the sexes in.
Dicrurus, racket-shaped feathers in; nidification of.
Dicrurus macrocercus, change of plumage in.
Didelphis opossum, sexual difference in the colour of.
Differences, comparative, between different species of birds of the
same sex.
Digits, supernumerary, more frequent in men than in women;
supernumerary, inheritance of; supernumerary, early development of.
Dimorphism, in females of water-beetles; in Neurothemis and Agrion.
Diodorus, on the absence of beard in the natives of Ceylon.
Dipelicus Cantori, sexual differences of.
Diplopoda, prehensile limbs of the male.
Dipsas cynodon, sexual difference in the colour of.
Diptera.
Disease, generated by the contact of distinct peoples.
Diseases, common to man and the lower animals; difference of liability
to, in different races of men; new, effects of, upon savages; sexually
limited.
Display, coloration of Lepidoptera for; of plumage by male birds.
Distribution, wide, of man; geographical, as evidence of specific
distinctness in man.
Disuse, effects of, in producing rudimentary organs; and use of parts,
effects of; of parts, influence of, on the races of men.
Divorce, freedom of, among the Charruas.
Dixon, E.S., on the pairing of different species of geese; on the
courtship of peafowl.
Dobrizhoffer, on the marriage-customs of the Abipones.
Dobson, Dr., on the Cheiroptera; scent-glands of bats; frugivorous
bats.
Dogs, suffering from tertian ague; memory of; dreaming; diverging when
drawing sledges over thin ice; exercise of reasoning faculties by;
domestic, progress of, in moral qualities; distinct tones uttered by;
parallelism between his affection for his master and religious feeling;
sociability of the; sympathy of, with a sick cat; sympathy of, with his
master; their possession of conscience; possible use of the hair on the
fore-legs of the; races of the; numerical proportion of male and female
births in; sexual affection between individuals of; howling at certain
notes; rolling in carrion.
Dolichocephalic structure, possible cause of.
Dolphins, nakedness of.
Domestic animals, races of; change of breeds of.
Domestication, influence of, in removing the sterility of hybrids.
D’Orbigny, A., on the influence of dampness and dryness on the colour
of the skin; on the Yuracaras.
Dotterel.
Doubleday, E., on sexual differences in the wings of butterflies.
Doubleday, H., on the proportion of the sexes in the smaller moths;
males of Lasiocampa quercus and on the attraction of the Saturnia
carpini by the female; on the proportion of the sexes in the
Lepidoptera; on the ticking of Anobium tesselatum; on the structure of
Ageronia feronia; on white butterflies alighting upon paper.
Douglas, J.W., on the sexual differences of the Hemiptera; colours of
British Homoptera.
Down, of birds.
Draco, gular appendages of.
Dragonet, Gemmeous.
Dragon-flies, caudal appendages of male; relative size of the sexes of;
difference in the sexes of; want of pugnacity by the male.
Drake, breeding plumage of the.
Dreams, possible source of the belief in spiritual agencies.
Drill, sexual difference of colour in the.
Dromaeus irroratus.
Dromolaea, Saharan species of.
Drongo shrike.
Drongos, racket-shaped feathers in the tails of.
Dryness of climate, supposed influence of, on the colour of the skin.
Dryopithecus.
Duck, harlequin, age of mature plumage in the; breeding in immature
plumage.
Duck, long-tailed, preference of male, for certain females.
Duck, pintail, pairing with a widgeon.
Duck, voice of the; pairing with a shield-drake; immature plumage of
the.
Duck, wild, sexual differences in the; speculum and male characters of;
pairing with a pin-tail drake.
Ducks, wild, becoming polygamous under partial domestication; dogs and
cats recognised by.
Dufosse, Dr., sounds produced by fish.
Dugong, nakedness of; tusks of.
Dujardin, on the relative size of the cerebral ganglia, in insects.
Duncan, Dr., on the fertility of early marriages; comparative health of
married and single.
Dupont, M., on the occurrence of the supra-condyloid foramen in the
humerus of man.
Durand, J.P., on causes of variation.
Dureau de la Malle, on the songs of birds; on the acquisition of an air
by blackbirds.
Dutch, retention of their colour by the, in South Africa.
Duty, sense of.
Duvaucel, female Hylobates washing her young.
Dyaks, pride of, in mere homicide.
Dynastes, large size of males of.
Dynastini, stridulation of.
Dytiscus, dimorphism of females of; grooved elytra of the female.
Eagle, young Cercopithecus rescued from, by the troop.
Eagle, white-headed, breeding in immature plumage.
Eagles, golden, new mates found by.
Ear, motion of the; external shell of the, useless in man; rudimentary
point of the, in man.
Ears, more variable in men than women; piercing and ornamentation of
the.
Earwigs, parental feeling in.
Echidna.
Echini, bright colours of some.
Echinodermata, absence of secondary sexual characters in.
Echis carinata.
Ecker, figure of the human embryo; on the development of the gyri and
sulci of the brain; on the sexual differences in the pelvis in man; on
the presence of a sagittal crest in Australians.
Edentata, former wide range of, in America; absence of secondary sexual
characters in.
Edolius, racket-shaped feathers in.
Edwards, Mr., on the proportion of the sexes in North American species
of Papilio.
Eels, hermaphroditism of.
Egerton, Sir P., on the use of the antlers of deer; on the pairing of
red deer; on the bellowing of stags.
Eggs, hatched by male fishes.
Egret, Indian, sexes and young of.
Egrets, breeding plumage of; white.
Ehrenberg, on the mane of the male Hamadryas baboon.
Ekstrom, M., on Harelda glacialis.
Elachista rufocinerea, habits of male.
Eland, development of the horns of the.
Elands, sexual differences of colour in.
Elaphomyia, sexual differences in.
Elaphrus uliginosus, stridulation of.
Elaps.
Elateridae, proportion of the sexes in.
Elaters, luminous.
Elephant, rate of increase of the; nakedness of the; using a fan;
Indian, forbearance to his keeper; polygamous habits of the; pugnacity
of the male; tusks of; Indian, mode of fighting of the; male, odour
emitted by the; attacking white or grey horses.
Elevation of abode, modifying influence of.
Elimination of inferior individuals.
Elk, winter change of the.
Elk, Irish, horns of the.
Ellice Islands, beards of the natives.
Elliot, D.G., on Pelecanus erythrorhynchus.
Elliot, R., on the numerical proportion of the sexes in young rats; on
the proportion of the sexes in sheep.
Elliot, Sir W., on the polygamous habits of the Indian wild boar.
Ellis, on the prevalence of infanticide in Polynesia.
Elphinstone, Mr., on local difference of stature among the Hindoos; on
the difficulty of distinguishing the native races of India.
Elytra, of the females of Dytiscus Acilius, Hydroporus.
Emberiza, characters of young.
Emberiza miliaria.
Emberiza schoeniclus, head-feathers of the male.
Embryo of man; of the dog.
Embryos of mammals, resemblance of the.
Emigration.
Emotions experienced by the lower animals in common with man;
manifested by animals.
Emperor butterfly.
Emperor moth.
Emu, sexes and incubation of.
Emulation of singing birds.
Endurance, estimation of.
Energy, a characteristic of men.
England, numerical proportion of male and female births in.
Engleheart, Mr., on the finding of new mates by starlings.
English, success of, as colonists.
Engravers, short-sighted.
Entomostraca.
Entozoa, difference of colour between the males and females of some.
Environment, direct action of the, in causing differences between the
sexes.
Envy, persistence of.
Eocene period, possible divergence of men during the.
Eolidae, colours of, produced by the biliary glands.
Epeira nigra, small size of the male of.
Ephemerae.
Ephemeridae.
Ephippiger vitium, stridulating organs of.
Epicalia, sexual differences of colouring in the species of.
Equus hemionus, winter change of.
Erateina, coloration of.
Ercolani, Prof., hermaphroditism in eels.
Erect attitude of man.
Eristalis, courting of.
Eschricht, on the development of hair in man; on a languinous moustache
in a female foetus; on the want of definition between the scalp and the
forehead in some children; on the arrangement of the hair in the human
foetus; on the hairiness of the face in the human foetus of both sexes.
Esmeralda, difference of colour in the sexes of.
Esox lucius.
Esox reticulatus.
Esquimaux, their belief in the inheritance of dexterity in
seal-catching; mode of life of.
Estrelda amandava, pugnacity of the male.
Eubagis, sexual differences of colouring in the species of.
Euchirus longimanus, sound produced by.
Eudromias morinellus.
Eulampis jugularis, colours of the female.
Euler, on the rate of increase in the United States.
Eunomota superciliaris, racket-shaped feathers in the tail of.
Eupetomena macroura, colours of the female.
Euphema splendida.
Euplocamus erythrophthalmus, possession of spurs by the female.
Europe, ancient inhabitants of.
Europeans, difference of, from Hindoos; hairiness of, probably due to
reversion.
Eurostopodus, sexes of.
Eurygnathus, different proportions of the head in the sexes of.
Eustephanus, sexual differences of species of; young of.
Exaggeration of natural characters by man.
Exogamy.
Experience, acquisition of, by animals.
Expression, resemblances in, between man and the apes.
Extinction of races, causes of.
Eye, destruction of the; change of position in; obliquity of, regarded
as a beauty by the Chinese and Japanese.
Eyebrows, elevation of; development of long hairs in; in monkeys;
eradicated in parts of South America and Africa; eradication of, by the
Indians of Paraguay.
Eyelashes, eradication of, by the Indians of Paraguay.
Eyelids, coloured black, in part of Africa.
Eyes, pillared, of the male of Chloeon; difference in the colour of, in
the sexes of birds.
Eyton, T.C., observations on the development of the horns in the fallow
deer.
Eyzies, Les, human remains from.
Fabre, M., on the habits of Cerceris.
Facial bones, causes of modification of the.
Faculties, diversity of, in the same race of men; inheritance of;
diversity of, in animals of the same species; mental variation of, in
the same species; of birds.
Fakirs, Indian, tortures undergone by.
Falco leucocephalus.
Falco peregrinus.
Falco tinnunclus.
Falcon, peregrine, new mate found by.
Falconer, H., on the mode of fighting of the Indian elephant; on
canines in a female deer; on Hyomoschus aquaticus.
Falkland Islands, horses of.
Fallow-deer, different coloured herds of.
Famines, frequency of, among savages.
Farr, Dr., on the effects of profligacy; on the influence of marriage
on mortality.
Farrar, F.W., on the origin of language; on the crossing or blending of
languages; on the absence of the idea of God in certain races of men;
on early marriages of the poor; on the middle ages.
Farre, Dr., on the structure of the uterus.
Fashions, long prevalence of, among savages.
Faye, Prof., on the numerical proportion of male and female births in
Norway and Russia; on the greater mortality of male children at and
before birth.
Feathers, modified, producing sounds; elongated, in male birds;
racket-shaped; barbless and with filamentous barbs in certain birds;
shedding of margins of.
Feeding, high, probable influence of, in the pairing of birds of
different species.
Feet, thickening of the skin on the soles of the; modification of, in
man.
Felis canadensis, throat-ruff of.
Felis pardalis and F. mitis, sexual difference in the colouring of.
Female, behaviour of the, during courtship.
Female birds, differences of.
Females, presence of rudimentary male organs in; preference of, for
certain males; pursuit of, by males; occurrence of secondary sexual
characters in; development of male character by.
Females and males, comparative numbers of; comparative mortality of,
while young.
Femur and tibia, proportions of, in the Aymara Indians.
Fenton, Mr., decrease of Maories; infanticide amongst the Maories.
Ferguson, Mr., on the courtship of fowls.
Fertilisation, phenomena of, in plants; in the lower animals.
Fertility lessened under changed conditions.
Fevers, immunity of Negroes and Mulattoes from.
Fiber zibethicus, protective colouring of it.
Fick, H., effect of conscription for military service.
Fidelity, in the elephant; of savages to one another; importance of.
Field-slaves, difference of, from house-slaves.
Fiji Archipelago, population of the.
Fiji Islands, beards of the natives; marriage-customs of the.
Fijians, burying their old and sick parents alive; estimation of the
beard among the; admiration of, for a broad occiput.
Filial affection, partly the result of natural selection.
Filum terminale.
Finch, racket-shaped feathers in the tail of a.
Finches, spring change of colour in; British, females of the.
Fingers, partially coherent, in species of Hylobates.
Finlayson, on the Cochin Chinese.
Fire, use of.
Fischer, on the pugnacity of the male of Lethrus cephalotes.
Fischer, F. Von, on display of brightly coloured parts by monkeys in
courtship.
Fish, eagerness of male; proportion of the sexes in; sounds produced
by.
Fishes, kidneys of, represented by Corpora Wolffiana in the human
embryo; male, hatching ova in their mouths; receptacles for ova
possessed by; relative size of the sexes in; fresh-water, of the
tropics; protective resemblances in; change of colour in;
nest-building; spawning of; sounds produced by; continued growth of.
Flamingo, age of mature plumage.
Flexor pollicis longus, similar variation of, in man.
Flies, humming of.
Flint tools.
Flints, difficulty of chipping into form.
Florida, Quiscalus major in.
Florisuga mellivora.
Flounder, coloration of the.
Flower, W.H., on the abductor of the fifth metatarsal in apes; on the
position of the Seals; on the Pithecia monachu; on the throat-pouch of
the male bustard.
Fly-catchers, colours and nidification of.
Foetus, human, woolly covering of the; arrangement of the hair on.
Food, influence of, upon stature.
Foot, prehensile power of the, retained in some savages; prehensile, in
the early progenitors of man.
Foramen, supra-condyloid, exceptional occurrence of in the humerus of
man; in the early progenitors of man.
Forbes, D., on the Aymara Indians; on local variation of colour in the
Quichuas; on the hairlessness of the Aymaras and Quichuas; on the long
hair of the Aymaras and Quichaus.
Forel, F., on white young swans.
Forester, Hon. O.W., on an orphan hawk.
Formica rufa, size of the cerebral ganglia in.
Fossils, absence of, connecting man with the apes.
Fowl, occurrence of spurs in the female; game, early pugnacity of;
Polish, early development of cranial peculiarities of; variations in
plumage of; examples of correlated development in the; domestic, breeds
and sub-breeds of.
Fowls, spangled Hamburg; inheritance of changes of plumage by; sexual
peculiarities in, transmitted only to the same sex; loss of secondary
sexual characters by male; Polish, origin of the crest in; period of
inheritance of characters by; cuckoo-; development of the comb in;
numerical proportion of the sexes in; courtship of; mongrel, between a
black Spanish cock and different hens; pencilled Hamburg, difference of
the sexes in; Spanish, sexual differences of the comb in; spurred, in
both sexes.
Fox, W.D., on some half-tamed wild ducks becoming polygamous, and on
polygamy in the guinea-fowl and canary-bird; on the proportion of the
sexes in cattle; on the pugnacity of the peacock; on a nuptial assembly
of magpies; on the finding of new mates by crows; on partridges living
in triplets; on the pairing of a goose with a Chinese gander.
Foxes, wariness of young, in hunting districts; black.
Fraser, C., on the different colours of the sexes in a species of
Squilla.
Fraser, G., colours of Thecla.
Frere, Hookham, quoting Theognis on selection in mankind.
Fringilla cannabina.
Fringilla ciris, age of mature plumage in.
Fringilla cyanea, age of mature plumage in.
Fringilla leucophrys, young of.
Fringilla spinus.
Fringilla tristis, change of colour in, in spring; young of.
Fringillidae, resemblance of the females of distinct species of.
Frog, bright coloured and distasteful to birds.
Frogs, male; temporary receptacles for ova possessed by; ready to breed
before the females; fighting of; vocal organs of.
Frontal bone, persistence of the suture in.
Fruits, poisonous, avoided by animals.
Fuegians, difference of stature among the; power of sight in the; skill
of, in stone-throwing; resistance of the, to their severe climate;
mental capacity of the; quasi-religious sentiments of the; resemblance
of, in mental characters, to Europeans; mode of life of the; aversion
of, to hair on the face; said to admire European women.
Fulgoridae, songs of the.
Fur, whiteness of, in Arctic animals in winter.
Fur-bearing animals, acquired sagacity of.
Gallicrex, sexual difference in the colour of the irides in.
Gallicrex cristatus, pugnacity of male; red carbuncle occurring in the
male during the breeding-season.
Gallinaceae, frequency of polygamous habits and of sexual differences
in the; love-gestures of; decomposed feathers in; stripes of young;
comparative sexual differences between the species of; plumage of.
Gallinaceous birds, weapons of the male; racket-shaped feathers on the
heads of.
Gallinula chloropus, pugnacity of the male.
Galloperdix, spurs of; development of spurs in the female.
Gallophasis, young of.
Galls.
Gallus bankiva, neck-hackles of.
Gallus Stanleyi, pugnacity of the male.
Galton, Mr., on hereditary genius; gregariousness and independence in
animals; on the struggle between the social and personal impulses; on
the effects of natural selection on civilised nations; on the sterility
of sole daughters; on the degree of fertility of people of genius; on
the early marriages of the poor; on the ancient Greeks; on the Middle
Ages; on the progress of the United States; on South African notions of
beauty.
Gammarus, use of the chelae of.
Gammarus marinus.
Gannets, white only when mature.
Ganoid fishes.
Gaour, horns of the.
Gap between man and the apes.
Gaper, sexes and young of.
Gardner, on an example of rationality in a Gelasimus.
Garrulus glandarius.
Gartner, on sterility of hybrid plants.
Gasteropoda, pulmoniferous, courtship of.
Gasterosteus, nidification of.
Gasterosteus leiurus.
Gasterosteus trachurus.
Gastrophora, wings of, brightly coloured beneath.
Gauchos, want of humanity among the.
Gaudry, M., on a fossil monkey.
Gavia, seasonal change of plumage in.
Geese, clanging noise made by; pairing of different species of; Canada,
selection of mates by.
Gegenbaur, C., on the number of digits in the Ichthyopterygia; on the
hermaphroditism of the remote progenitors of the vertebrata; two types
of nipple in mammals.
Gelasimus, proportions of the sexes in a species of; use of the
enlarged chelae of the male; pugnacity of males of; rational actions of
a; difference of colour in the sexes of a species of.
Gemmules, dormant in one sex.
Genius, hereditary.
Genius, fertility of men and women of.
Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, Isid., on the recognition of women by male
quadrumana; on monstrosities; coincidences of arrested development with
polydactylism; on animal-like anomalies in the human structure; on the
correlation of monstrosities; on the distribution of hair in man and
monkeys; on the caudal vertebrae of monkeys; on correlated variability;
on the classification of man; on the long hair on the heads of species
of Semnopithecus; on the hair in monkeys; on the development of horns
in female deer; and F. Cuvier, on the mandrill; on Hylobates.
Geographical distribution, as evidence of specific distinctions in man.
Geometrae, brightly coloured beneath.
Geophagus, frontal protuberance of, male; eggs hatched by the male, in
the mouth or branchial cavity.
Georgia, change of colour in Germans settled in.
Geotrupes, stridulation of.
Gerbe, M., on the nest-building of Crenilabus massa and C. Melops.
Gerland, Dr., on the prevalence of infanticide; on the extinction of
races.
Gervais, P., on the hairiness of the gorilla; on the mandrill.
Gesture-language.
Ghost-moth, sexual difference of colour in the.
Giard, M., disputes descent of vertebrates from Ascidians; colour of
sponges and Ascidians; musky odour of Sphinx.
Gibbon, voice of.
Gibbon, Hoolock, nose of.
Gibbs, Sir D., on differences of the voice in different races of men.
Gill, Dr., male seals larger than females; sexual differences in seals.
Giraffe, its mode of using the horns; mute, except in the rutting
season.
Giraud-Teulon, on the cause of short sight.
Glanders, communicable to man from the lower animals.
Glands, odoriferous, in mammals.
Glareola, double moult in.
Glomeris limbata, difference of colour in the sexes of.
Glow-worm, female, apterous; luminosity of the.
Gnats, dances of; auditory powers of.
Gnu, skeletons of, found locked together; sexual differences in colour
of the.
Goat, male, wild, falling on his horns; male, odour emitted by; male,
wild, crest of the; Berbura, mane, dewlap, etc., of the male; Kemas,
sexual difference in the colour of the.
Goats, sexual differences in the horns of; horns of; mode of fighting
of; domestic, sexual differences of, late developed; beards of.
Goatsucker, Virginian, pairing of the.
Gobies, nidification of.
God, want of the idea of, in some races of men.
Godron, M., on variability; on difference of stature; on the want of
connexion between climate and the colour of the skin; on the colour of
the skin; on the colour of infants.
Goldfinch, proportion of the sexes in the; sexual differences of the
beak in the; courtship of the.
Goldfinch, North American, young of.
Goldfish.
Gomphus, proportions of the sexes in; difference in the sexes of.
Gonepteryx Rhamni, sexual difference of colour in.
Goodsir, Prof., on the affinity of the lancelet to the ascidians.
Goosander, young of.
Goose, Antarctic, colours of the.
Goose, Canada, pairing with a Bernicle gander.
Goose, Chinese, knob on the beak of the.
Goose, Egyptian.
Goose, Sebastopol, plumage of.
Goose, Snow-, whiteness of the.
Goose, Spur-winged.
Gorilla, semi-erect attitude of the; mastoid processes of the;
protecting himself from rain with his hands; manner of sitting;
supposed to be a kind of mandrill; polygamy of the; voice of the;
cranium of; fighting of male.
Gosse, P.H., on the pugnacity of the male Humming-bird.
Gosse, M., on the inheritance of artificial modifications of the skull.
Gould, B.A., on variation in the length of the legs in man;
measurements of American soldiers; on the proportions of the body and
capacity of the lungs in different races of men; on the inferior
vitality of mulattoes.
Gould, J., on migration of swifts; on the arrival of male snipes before
the females; on the numerical proportion of the sexes in birds; on
Neomorpha Grypus; on the species of Eustephanus; on the Australian
musk-duck; on the relative size of the sexes in Briziura lobata and
Cincloramphus cruralis; on Lobivanellus lobatus; on habits of Menura
Alberti; on the rarity of song in brilliant birds; on Selasphorus
platycerus; on the Bower-birds; on the ornamental plumage of the
Humming-birds; on the moulting of the ptarmigan; on the display of
plumage by the male Humming-birds; on the shyness of adorned male
birds; on the decoration of the bowers of Bower-birds; on the
decoration of their nest by Humming-birds; on variation in the genus
Cynanthus; on the colour of the thighs in a male parrakeet; on
Urosticte Benjamini; on the nidification of the Orioles; on
obscurely-coloured birds building concealed nests; on trogons and
king-fishers; on Australian parrots; on Australian pigeons; on the
moulting of the ptarmigan; on the immature plumage of birds; on the
Australian species of Turnix; on the young of Aithurus polytmus; on the
colours of the bills of toucans; on the relative size of the sexes in
the marsupials of Australia; on the colours of the Marsupials.
Goureaux, on the stridulation of Mutilla europaea.
Gout, sexually transmitted.
Graba, on the Pied Ravens of the Feroe Islands; variety of the
Guillemot.
Gradation of secondary sexual characters in birds.
Grallatores, absence of secondary sexual characters in; double moult in
some.
Grallina, nidification of.
Grasshoppers, stridulation of the.
Gratiolet, Prof., on the anthropomorphous apes; on the evolution of the
anthropomorphous apes; on the difference in the development of the
brains of apes and of man.
Gray, Asa, on the gradation of species among the Compositae.
Gray, J.E., on the caudal vertebrae of monkeys; on the presence of
rudiments of horns in the female of Cervulus moschatus; on the horns of
goats and sheep; on crests of male antelopes; on the beard of the ibex;
on the Berbura goat; on sexual differences in the coloration of
Rodents; ornaments of male sloth; on the colours of the Elands; on the
Sing-sing antelope; on the colours of goats; on Lemur Macaco; on the
hog-deer.
“Greatest happiness principle.”
Greeks, ancient.
Green, A.H., on beavers fighting; on the voice of the beaver.
Greenfinch, selected by a female canary.
Greg, W.R., on the effects of natural selection on civilised nations;
on the early marriages of the poor; on the Ancient Greeks.
Grenadiers, Prussian.
Greyhounds, numerical proportion of the sexes in; numerical proportion
of male and female births in.
Grouse, red, monogamous; pugnacity of young male; producing a sound by
beating their wings together; duration of courtship of; colours and
nidification of.
Gruber, Dr., on the occurrence of the supra-condyloid foramen in the
humerus of man; on division of malar bone; stridulation of locust; on
ephippiger.
Grus americanus, age of mature plumage in; breeding in immature
plumage.
Grus virgo, trachea of.
Gryllus campestris, pugnacity of male.
Gryllus domesticus.
Grypus, sexual differences in the beak in.
Guanacoes, battles of; canine teeth of.
Guanas, strife for women among the; polyandry among the.
Guanche skeletons, occurrence of the supra-condyloid foramen in the
humerus of.
Guaranys, proportion of men and women among; colour of new-born
children of the; beards of the.
Guenee, A., on the sexes of Hyperythra.
Guilding, L., on the stridulation of the Locustidae.
Guillemot, variety of the.
Guinea, sheep of, with males only horned.
Guinea-fowl, monogamous; occasional polygamy of the; markings of the.
Guinea-pigs, inheritance of the effects of operations by.
Gulls, seasonal change of plumage in; white.
Gunther, Dr., on paddle of Ceradotus; on hermaphroditism in Serranus;
on male fishes hatching ova in their mouths; on mistaking infertile
female fishes for males; on the prehensile organs of male Plagiostomous
fishes; spines and brushes on fishes; on the pugnacity of the male
salmon and trout; on the relative size of the sexes in fishes; on
sexual differences in fishes; on the genus Callionymus; on a protective
resemblance of a pipe-fish; on the genus Solenostoma; on the coloration
of frogs and toads; combat of Testudo elegans; on the sexual
differences in the Ophidia; on differences of the sexes of lizards.
Gynanisa Isis, ocellated spots of.
Gypsies, uniformity of, in various parts of the world.
Habits, bad, facilitated by familiarity; variability of the force of.
Haeckel, E., on the origin of man; on rudimentary characters; on death
caused by inflammation of the vermiform appendage; on the canine teeth
in man; on the steps by which man became a biped; on man as a member of
the Catarrhine group; on the position of the Lemuridae; on the
genealogy of the Mammalia; on the lancelet; on the transparency of
pelagic animals; on the musical powers of women.
Hagen, H., and Walsh, B.D., on American Neuroptera.
Hair, development of, in man; character of, supposed to be determined
by light and heat; distribution of, in man; possibly removed for
ornamental purposes; arrangement and direction of; of the early
progenitors of man; different texture of, in distinct races; and skin,
correlation of colour of; development of, in mammals; management of,
among different peoples; great length of, in some North American
tribes; elongation of the, on the human head; possible inherited effect
of plucking out.
Hairiness, difference of, in the sexes in man; variation of, in races
of men.
Hairs and excretory pores, numerical relation of, in sheep.
Hairy family, Siamese.
Halbertsma, Prof., hermaphroditism in Serranus.
Hamadryas baboon, turning over stones; mane of the male.
Hamilton, C., on the cruelty of the Kaffirs to animals; on the
engrossment of the women by the Kaffir chiefs.
Hammering, difficulty of.
Hancock, A., on the colours of the nudibranch Mollusca.
Hands, larger at birth, in the children of labourers; structure of, in
the quadrumana; and arms, freedom of, indirectly correlated with
diminution of canines.
Handwriting, inherited.
Handyside, Dr., supernumerary mammae in men.
Harcourt, E. Vernon, on Fringilla cannabina.
Hare, protective colouring of the.
Harelda glacialis.
Hares, battles of male.
Harlan, Dr., on the difference between field-and house-slaves.
Harris, J.M., on the relation of complexion to climate.
Harris, T.W., on the Katy-did locust; on the stridulation of the
grasshoppers; on Oecanthus nivalis; on the colouring of Lepidoptera; on
the colouring of Saturnia Io.
Harting, spur of the Ornithorhynchus.
Hartman, Dr., on the singing of Cicada septendecim.
Hatred, persistence of.
Haughton, S., on a variation of the flexor pollicis longus in man.
Hawks, feeding orphan nestling.
Hayes, Dr., on the diverging of sledge-dogs on thin ice.
Haymond, R., on the drumming of the male Tetrao umbellus; on the
drumming of birds.
Head, altered position of, to suit the erect attitude of man; hairiness
of, in man; processes of, in male beetles; artificial alterations of
the form of the.
Hearne, on strife for women among the North American Indians; on the
North American Indians’ notion of female beauty; repeated elopements of
a North American woman.
Heart, in the human embryo.
Heat, supposed effects of.
Hectocotyle.
Hedge-warbler, young of the.
Heel, small projection of, in the Aymara Indians.
Hegt, M., on the development of the spurs in peacocks.
Heliconidae, mimicry of, by other butterflies.
Heliopathes, stridulation peculiar to the male.
Heliothrix auriculata, young of.
Helix pomatia, example of individual attachment in.
Hellins, J., proportions of sexes of Lepidoptera reared by.
Helmholtz, on pleasure derived from harmonies; on the human eye; on the
vibration of the auditory hairs of crustacea; the physiology of
harmony.
Hemiptera.
Hemitragus, beardless in both sexes.
Hemsbach, M. von, on medial mamma in man.
Hen, clucking of.
Hepburn, Mr., on the autumn song of the water-ouzel.
Hepialus humuli, sexual difference of colour in the.
Herbs, poisonous, avoided by animals.
Hermaphroditism, of embryos; in fishes.
Herodias bubulcus, vernal moult of.
Heron, Sir R., on the habits of peafowl.
Herons, love-gestures of; decomposed feathers in; breeding plumage of;
young of the; sometimes dimorphic; continued growth of crest and plumes
in the males of some; change of colour in some.
Hesperomys cognatus.
Hetaerina, proportion of the sexes in; difference in the sexes of.
Heterocerus, stridulation of.
Hewitt, Mr., on a game-cock killing a kite; on the recognition of dogs
and cats by ducks; on the pairing of a wild duck with a pintail drake;
on the courtship of fowls; on the coupling of pheasants with common
hens.
Hilgendorf, sounds produced by crustaceans.
Hindoo, his horror of breaking his caste.
Hindoos, local difference of stature among; difference of, from
Europeans; colour of the beard in.
Hipparchia Janira, instability of the ocellated spots of.
Hippocampus, development of; marsupial receptacles of the male.
Hippocampus minor.
Hippopotamus, nakedness of.
Hips, proportions of, in soldiers and sailors.
Hodgson, S., on the sense of duty.
Hoffberg, on the horns of the reindeer; on sexual preferences shewn by
reindeer.
Hoffman, Prof., protective colours; fighting of frogs.
Hog, wart-; river-.
Hog-deer.
Holland, Sir H., on the effects of new diseases.
Homologous structures, correlated variation of.
Homoptera, stridulation of the, and Orthoptera, discussed.
Honduras, Quiscalus major in.
Honey-buzzard of India, variation in the crest of.
Honey-sucker, females and young of.
Honey-suckers, moulting of the; Australian, nidification of.
Honour, law of.
Hooker, Dr., forbearance of elephant to his keeper; on the colour of
the beard in man.
Hookham, Mr., on mental concepts in animals.
Hoolock Gibbon, nose of.
Hoopoe, sounds produced by male.
Hoplopterus armatus, wing-spurs of.
Hornbill, African, inflation of the neck-wattle of the male during
courtship.
Hornbills, sexual difference in the colour of the eyes in; nidification
and incubation of.
Horne, C., on the rejection of a brightly-coloured locust by lizards
and birds.
Horns, sexual differences of, in sheep and goats; loss of, in female
merino sheep; development of, in deer; development in antelopes; from
the head and thorax, in male beetles; of deer; originally a masculine
character in sheep; and canine teeth, inverse development of.
Horse, fossil, extinction of the, in South America; polygamous; canine
teeth of male; winter change of colour.
Horses, rapid increase of, in South America; diminution of canine teeth
in; dreaming; of the Falkland Islands and Pampas; numerical proportion
of the sexes, in; lighter in winter in Siberia; sexual preferences in;
pairing preferently with those of the same colour; numerical proportion
of male and female births in; formerly striped.
Hottentot women, peculiarities of.
Hottentots, lice of; readily become musicians; notions of female beauty
of the; compression of nose by.
Hough, Dr. S., men’s temperature more variable than women’s; proportion
of sexes in man.
House-slaves, difference of, from field-slaves.
Houzeau, on the baying of the dog; on reason in dogs; birds killed by
telegraph wires; on the cries of domestic fowls and parrots; animals
feel no pity; suicide in the Aleutian Islands.
Howorth, H.H., extinction of savages.
Huber, P., on ants playing together; on memory in ants; on the
intercommunication of ants; on the recognition of each other by ants
after separation.
Huc, on Chinese opinions of the appearance of Europeans.
Huia, the, of New Zealand.
Human, man, classed alone in a kingdom.
Human sacrifices.
Humanity, unknown among some savages; deficiency of, among savages.
Humboldt, A. von, on the rationality of mules; on a parrot preserving
the language of a lost tribe; on the cosmetic arts of savages; on the
exaggeration of natural characters by man; on the red painting of
American Indians.
Hume, D., on sympathetic feelings.
Humming-bird, racket-shaped feathers in the tail of a; display of
plumage by the male.
Humming-birds, ornament their nests; polygamous; proportion of the
sexes in; sexual differences in; pugnacity of male; modified primaries
of male; coloration of the sexes of; display by; nidification of the;
colours of female; young of.
Humour, sense of, in dogs.
Humphreys, H.N., on the habits of the stickleback.
Hunger, instinct of.
Huns, ancient, flattening of the nose by the.
Hunter, J., on the number of species of man; on secondary sexual
characters; on the general behaviour of female animals during
courtship; on the muscles of the larynx in song-birds; on strength of
males; on the curled frontal hair of the bull; on the rejection of an
ass by a female zebra.
Hunter, W.W., on the recent rapid increase of the Santali; on the
Santali.
Huss, Dr. Max, on mammary glands.
Hussey, Mr., on a partridge distinguishing persons.
Hutchinson, Col., example of reasoning in a retriever.
Hutton, Captain, on the male wild goat falling on his horns.
Huxley, T.H., on the structural agreement of man with the apes; on the
agreement of the brain in man with that of lower animals; on the adult
age of the orang; on the embryonic development of man; on the origin of
man; on variation in the skulls of the natives of Australia; on the
abductor of the fifth metatarsal in apes; on the nature of the
reasoning power; on the position of man; on the suborders of primates;
on the Lemuridae; on the Dinosauria; on the amphibian affinities of the
Ichthyosaurians; on variability of the skull in certain races of man;
on the races of man; Supplement on the brain.
Hybrid birds, production of.
Hydrophobia, communicable between man and the lower animals.
Hydroporus, dimorphism of females of.
Hyelaphus porcinus.
Hygrogonus.
Hyla, singing species of.
Hylobates, absence of the thumb in; upright progression of some species
of; maternal affection in a; direction of the hair on the arms of
species of; females of, less hairy below than males.
Hylobates agilis, hair on the arms of; musical voice of the;
superciliary ridge of; voice of.
Hylobates hoolock, sexual difference of colour in.
Hylobates lar, hair on the arms of; female less hairy.
Hylobates leuciscus, song of.
Hylobates syndactylus, laryngeal sac of.
Hylophila prasinana.
Hymenoptera, large size of the cerebral ganglia in; classification of;
sexual differences in the wings of; aculeate, relative size of the
sexes of.
Hymenopteron, parasitic, with a sedentary male.
Hyomoschus aquaticus.
Hyperythra, proportion of the sexes in.
Hypogymna dispar, sexual difference of colour in.
Hypopyra, coloration of.
Ibex, male, falling on his horns; beard of the.
Ibis, white, change of colour of naked skin in, during the breeding
season; scarlet, young of the.
Ibis tantalus, age of mature plumage in; breeding in immature plumage.
Ibises, decomposed feathers in; white; and black.
Ichneumonidae, difference of the sexes in.
Ichthyopterygia.
Ichthyosaurians.
Idiots, microcephalous, their characters and habits; hairiness and
animal nature of their actions; microcephalous, imitative faculties of.
Iguana tuberculata.
Iguanas.
Illegitimate and legitimate children, proportion of the sexes in.
Imagination, existence of, in animals.
Imitation, of man by monkeys; tendency to, in monkeys, microcephalous
idiots and savages; influence of.
Immature plumage of birds.
Implacentata.
Implements, employed by monkeys; fashioning of, peculiar to man.
Impregnation, period of, influence of, upon sex.
Improvement, progressive, man alone supposed to be capable of.
Incisor teeth, knocked out or filed by some savages.
Increase, rate of; necessity of checks in.
Indecency, hatred of, a modern virtue.
India, difficulty of distinguishing the native races of; Cyprinidae of;
colour of the beard in races of men of.
Indian, North American, honoured for scalping a man of another tribe.
Individuality, in animals.
Indolence of man, when free from a struggle for existence.
Indopicus carlotta, colours of the sexes of.
Infanticide, prevalence of; supposed cause of; prevalence and causes
of.
Inferiority, supposed physical, of man.
Inflammation of the bowels, occurrence of, in Cebus Azarae.
Inheritance, of long and short sight; of effects of use of vocal and
mental organs; of moral tendencies; laws of; sexual; sexually limited.
Inquisition, influence of the.
Insanity, hereditary.
insect, fossil, from the Devonian.
Insectivora, absence of secondary sexual characters in.
Insects, relative size of the cerebral ganglia in; male, appearance of,
before the females; pursuit of female, by the males; period of
development of sexual characters in; secondary sexual characters of;
kept in cages; stridulation.
Insessores, vocal organs of.
Instep, depth of, in soldiers and sailors.
Instinct and intelligence.
Instinct, migratory, vanquishing the maternal.
Instinctive actions, the result of inheritance.
Instinctive impulses, difference of the force; and moral impulses,
alliance of.
Instincts, complex origin of, through natural selection; possible
origin of some; acquired, of domestic animals; variability of the force
of; difference of force between the social and other; utilised for new
purposes.
Instrumental music of birds.
Intellect, influence of, in natural selection in civilised society.
Intellectual faculties, their influence on natural selection in man;
probably perfected through natural selection.
Intelligence, Mr. H. Spencer on the dawn of.
Intemperance, no reproach among savages; its destructiveness.
Intoxication in monkeys.
Iphias glaucippe.
Iris, sexual difference in the colour of the, in birds.
Ischio-pubic muscle.
Ithaginis cruentus, number of spurs in.
Iulus, tarsal suckers of the males of.
Jackals learning from dogs to bark.
Jack-snipe, coloration of the.
Jacquinot, on the number of species of man.
Jaeger, Dr., length of bones increased from carrying weights; on the
difficulty of approaching herds of wild animals; male Silver-pheasant,
rejected when his plumage was spoilt.
Jaguars, black.
Janson, E.W., on the proportions of the sexes in Tomicus villosus; on
stridulant beetles.
Japan, encouragement of licentiousness in.
Japanese, general beardlessness of the; aversion of the, to whiskers.
Jardine, Sir W., on the Argus pheasant.
Jarrold, Dr., on modifications of the skull induced by unnatural
position.
Jarves, Mr., on infanticide in the Sandwich Islands.
Javans, relative height of the sexes of; notions of female beauty.
Jaw, influence of the muscles of the, upon the physiognomy of the apes.
Jaws, smaller proportionately to the extremities; influence of food
upon the size of; diminution of, in man; in man, reduced by
correlation.
Jay, young of the; Canada, young of the.
Jays, new mates found by; distinguishing persons.
Jeffreys, J. Gwyn, on the form of the shell in the sexes of the
Gasteropoda; on the influence of light upon the colours of shells.
Jelly-fish, bright colours of some.
Jenner, Dr., on the voice of the rook; on the finding of new mates by
magpies; on retardation of the generative functions in birds.
Jenyns, L., on the desertion of their young by swallows; on male birds
singing after the proper season.
Jerdon, Dr., on birds dreaming; on the pugnacity of the male bulbul; on
the pugnacity of the male Ortygornis gularis; on the spurs of
Galloperdix; on the habits of Lobivanellus; on the spoonbill; on the
drumming of the Kalij-pheasant; on Indian bustards; on Otis
bengalensis; on the ear-tufts of Sypheotides auritus; on the double
moults of certain birds; on the moulting of the honeysuckers; on the
moulting of bustards, plovers, and drongos; on the spring change of
colour in some finches; on display in male birds; on the display of the
under-tail coverts by the male bulbul; on the Indian honey-buzzard; on
sexual differences in the colour of the eyes of hornbills; on the
markings of the Tragopan pheasant; on the nidification of the Orioles;
on the nidification of the hornbills; on the Sultan yellow-tit; on
Palaeornis javanicus; on the immature plumage of birds; on
representative species of birds; on the habits of Turnix; on the
continued increase of beauty of the peacock; on coloration in the genus
Palaeornis.
Jevons, W.S., on the migrations of man.
Jews, ancient use of flint tools by the; uniformity of, in various
parts of the world; numerical proportion of male and female births
among the; ancient, tattooing practised by.
Johnstone, Lieut., on the Indian elephant.
Jollofs, fine appearance of the.
Jones, Albert, proportion of sexes of Lepidoptera, reared by.
Juan Fernandez, humming-birds of.
Junonia, sexual differences of colouring in species of.
Jupiter, comparison with Assyrian effigies.
Kaffir skull, occurrence of the diastema in a.
Kaffirs, their cruelty to animals; lice of the; colour of the;
engrossment of the handsomest women by the chiefs of the;
marriage-customs of the.
Kalij-pheasant, drumming of the male; young of.
Kallima, resemblance of, to a withered leaf.
Kulmucks, general beardlessness of; aversion of, to hairs on the face;
marriage-customs of the.
Kangaroo, great red, sexual difference in the colour of.
Kant, Imm., on duty; on self-restraint; on the number of species of
man.
Katy-did, stridulation of the.
Keen, Dr., on the mental powers of snakes.
Keller, Dr., on the difficulty of fashioning stone implements.
Kent, W.S., elongation of dorsal fin of Callionymus lyra; courtship of
Labrus mixtus; colours and courtship of Cantharus lineatus.
Kestrels, new mates found by.
Kidney, one, doing double work in disease.
King, W.R., on the vocal organs of Tetrao cupido; on the drumming of
grouse; on the reindeer; on the attraction of male deer by the voice of
the female.
King and Fitzroy, on the marriage-customs of the Fuegians.
King-crows, nidification of.
Kingfisher, racket-shaped feathers in the tail of a.
Kingfishers, colours and nidification of the; immature plumage of the;
young of the.
King Lory, immature plumage of the.
Kingsley, C., on the sounds produced by the Umbrina.
Kirby and Spence, on sexual differences in the length of the snout in
Curculionidae; on the courtship of insects; on the elytra of Dytiscus;
on peculiarities in the legs of male insects; on the relative size of
the sexes in insects; on the Fulgoridae; on the habits of the Termites;
on difference of colour in the sexes of beetles; on the horns of the
male lamellicorn beetles; on hornlike processes in male Curculionidae;
on the pugnacity of the male stag-beetle.
Kite, killed by a game-cock.
Knot, retention of winter plumage by the.
Knox, R., on the semilunar fold; on the occurrence of the
supra-condyloid foramen in the humerus of man; on the features of the
young Memmon.
Koala, length of the caecum in.
Kobus ellipsiprymnus, proportion of the sexes in.
Kolreuter, on the sterility of hybrid plants.
Koodoo, development of the horns of the; markings of the.
Koppen, F.T., on the migratory locust.
Koraks, marriage customs of.
Kordofan, protuberances artificially produced by natives of.
Korte, on the proportion of sexes in locusts; Russian locusts.
Kovalevsky, A., on the affinity of the Ascidia to the Vertebrata.
Kovalevsky, W., on the pugnacity of the male capercailzie; on the
pairing of the capercailzie.
Krause, on a convoluted body at the extremity of the tail in a Macacus
and a cat.
Kupffer, Prof., on the affinity of the Ascidia to the Vertebrata.
Labidocera Darwinii, prehensile organs of the male.
Labrus, splendid colours of the species of.
Labrus mixtus, sexual differences in.
Labrus pavo.
Lacertilia, sexual differences of.
Lafresnaye, M. de, on birds of paradise.
Lamarck, on the origin of man.
Lamellibranchiata.
Lamellicorn beetles, horn-like processes from the head and thorax of;
influence of sexual selection on.
Lamellicornia, stridulation of.
Lamont, Mr., on the tusks of the walrus; on the use of its tusks by the
walrus; on the bladder-nose seal.
Lampornis porphyrurus, colours of the female.
Lampyridae, distasteful to mammals.
Lancelet.
Landois, H., gnats attracted by sound; on the production of sound by
the Cicadae; on the stridulating organ of the crickets; on Decticus; on
the stridulating organs of the Acridiidae; stridulating apparatus, in
Orthoptera; on the stridulation of Necrophorus; on the stridulant organ
of Cerambyx heros; on the stridulant organ of Geotrupes; on the
stridulating organs in the Coleoptera; on the ticking of Anobium.
Landor, Dr., on remorse for not obeying tribal custom.
Language, an art; articulate, origin of; relation of the progress of,
to the development of the brain; effects of inheritance in production
of; complex structure of, among barbarous nations; natural selection
in; gesture; primeval; of a lost tribe preserved by a parrot.
Languages, presence of rudiments in; classification of; variability of;
crossing or blending of; complexity of, no test of perfection or proof
of special creation; resemblance of, evidence of community of origin.
Languages and species, identity of evidence of their gradual
development.
Lanius, characters of young.
Lanius rufus, anomalous young of.
Lankester, E.R., on comparative longevity; on the destructive effects
of intemperance.
Lanugo of the human foetus.
Lapponian language, highly artificial.
Lark, proportion of the sexes in the; female, singing of the.
Larks, attracted by a mirror.
Lartet, E., comparison of cranial capacities of skulls of recent and
tertiary mammals; on the size of the brain in mammals; on Dryopithecus;
on pre-historic flutes.
Larus, seasonal change of plumage in.
Larva, luminous, of a Brazilian beetle.
Larynx, muscles of the, in songbirds.
Lasiocampa quercus, attraction of males by the female; sexual
difference of colour in.
Latham, R.G., on the migrations of man.
Latooka, perforation of the lower lip by the women of.
Laurillard, on the abnormal division of the malar bone in man.
Lawrence, W., on the superiority of savages to Europeans in power of
sight; on the colour of negro infants; on the fondness of savages for
ornaments; on beardless races; on the beauty of the English
aristocracy.
Layard, E.L., on the instance of rationality in a cobra; on the
pugnacity of Gallus Stanleyi.
Laycock, Dr., on vital periodicity; theroid nature of idiots.
Leaves, autumn, tints useless.
Lecky, Mr., on the sense of duty; on suicide; on the practice of
celibacy; his view of the crimes of savages; on the gradual rise of
morality.
Leconte, J.L., on the stridulant organ in the Coprini and Dynastini.
Lee, H., on the numerical proportion of the sexes in the trout.
Leg, calf of the, artificially modified.
Legitimate and illegitimate children, proportion of the sexes in.
Legs, variation of the length of the, in man; proportions of, in
soldiers and sailors; front, atrophied in some male butterflies;
peculiarities of, in male insects.
Leguay, on the occurrence of the supra-condyloid foramen in the humerus
of man.
Lek of the black-cock and capercailzie.
Lemoine, Albert, on the origin of language.
Lemur macaco, sexual difference of colour in.
Lemuridae, ears of the; variability of the muscles in the; position and
derivation of the; their origin.
Lemurs, uterus in the.
Lenguas, disfigurement of the ears of the.
Leopards, black.
Lepidoptera, numerical proportions of the sexes in the; colouring of;
ocellated spots of.
Lepidosiren.
Leptalides, mimicry of.
Leptorhynchus angustatus, pugnacity of male.
Leptura testacea, difference of colour in the sexes.
Leroy, on the wariness of young foxes in hunting-districts; on the
desertion of their young by swallows.
Leslie, D., marriage customs of Kaffirs.
Lesse, valley of the.
Lesson, on the birds of paradise; on the sea-elephant.
Lessona, M., observations on Serranus.
Lethrus cephalotes, pugnacity of the males of.
Leuciscus phoxinus.
Leuckart, R., on the vesicula prostatica; on the influence of the age
of parents on the sex of offspring.
Levator claviculae muscle.
Libellula depressa, colour of the male.
Libellulidae, relative size of the sexes of; difference in the sexes
of.
Lice of domestic animals and man.
Licentiousness a check upon population; prevalence of, among savages.
Lichtenstein, on Chera progne.
Life, inheritance at corresponding periods of.
Light, effects on complexion; influence of, upon the colours of shells.
Lilford, Lord, the ruff attracted by bright objects.
Limosa lapponica.
Linaria.
Linaria montana.
Lindsay, Dr. W.L., diseases communicated from animals to man; madness
in animals; the dog considers his master his God.
Linnaeus, views of, as to the position of man.
Linnet, numerical proportion of the sexes in the; crimson forehead and
breast of the; courtship of the.
Lion, polygamous; mane of the, defensive; roaring of the.
Lions, stripes of young.
Lips, piercing of the, by savages.
Lithobius, prehensile appendages of the female.
Lithosia, coloration in.
Littorina littorea.
Livingstone, Dr., manner of sitting of gorilla; on the influence of
dampness and dryness on the colour of the skin; on the liability of
negroes to tropical fevers after residence in a cold climate; on the
spur-winged goose; on weaverbirds; on an African night-jar; on the
battle-scars of South African male mammals; on the removal of the upper
incisors by the Batokas; on the perforation of the upper lip by the
Makalolo; on the Banyai.
Livonia, numerical proportion of male and female births in.
Lizards, relative size of the sexes of; gular pouches of.
Lloyd, L., on the polygamy of the capercailzie and bustard; on the
numerical proportion of the sexes in the capercailzie and blackcock; on
the salmon; on the colours of the sea-scorpion; on the pugnacity of
male grouse; on the capercailzie and blackcock; on the call of the
capercailzie; on assemblages of grouse and snipes; on the pairing of a
shield-drake with a common duck; on the battles of seals; on the elk.
Lobivanellus, wing-spurs in.
Local influences, effect of, upon stature.
Lockwood, Mr., on the development of Hippocampus.
Lockwood, Rev. S., musical mouse.
Locust, bright-coloured, rejected by lizards and birds.
Locust, migratory; selection by female.
Locustidae, stridulation of the; descent of the.
Locusts, proportion of sexes in; stridulation of.
Longicorn beetles, difference of the sexes of, in colour; stridulation
of.
Lonsdale, Mr., on an example of personal attachment in Helix pomatia.
Lophobranchii, marsupial receptacles of the male.
Lophophorus, habits of.
Lophorina atra, sexual difference in coloration of.
Lophornis ornatus.
Lord, J.K., on Salmo lycaodon.
Lory, King; immature plumage of the.
Lory, King, constancy of.
Love-antics and dances of birds.
Lowne, B.T., on Musca vomitoria.
Loxia, characters of young of.
Lubbock, Sir J., on the antiquity of man; on the origin of man; on the
mental capacity of savages; on the origin of implements; on the
simplification of languages; on the absence of the idea of God among
certain races of men; on the origin of the belief in spiritual
agencies; on superstitions; on the sense of duty; on the practice of
burying the old and sick among the Fijians; on the immorality of
savages; on Mr. Wallace’s claim to the origination of the idea of
natural selection; on the former barbarism of civilised nations; on
improvements in the arts among savages; on resemblances of the mental
characters in different races of men; on the arts practised by savages;
on the power of counting in primeval man; on the prehensile organs of
the male Labidocera Darwinii; on Chloeon; on Smynthurus luteus; finding
of new mates by jays; on strife for women among the North American
Indians; on music; on the ornamental practices of savages; on the
estimation of the beard among the Anglo-Saxons; on artificial
deformation of the skull; on “communal marriages;” on exogamy; on the
Veddahs; on polyandry.
Lucanidae, variability of the mandibles in the male.
Lucanus, large size of males of.
Lucanus cervus, numerical proportion of sexes of; weapons of the male.
Lucanus elaphus, use of mandibles of; large jaws of male.
Lucas, Prosper, on pigeons; on sexual preference in horses and bulls.
Luminosity in insects.
Lunar periods.
Lund, Dr., on skulls found in Brazilian caves.
Lungs, enlargement of, in the Quichua and Aymara Indians; a modified
swim-bladder; different capacity of, in races of man.
Luschka, Prof., on the termination of the coccyx.
Luxury, expectation of life uninfluenced by.
Lycaena, sexual differences of colour in species of.
Lycaenae, colours of.
Lyell, Sir C., on the antiquity of man; on the origin of man; on the
parallelism of the development of species and languages; on the
extinction of languages; on the Inquisition; on the fossil remains of
vertebrata; on the fertility of mulattoes.
Lynx, Canadian throat-ruff of the.
Lyre-bird, assemblies of.
Macacus, ears of; convoluted body in the extremity of the tail of;
variability of the tail in species of; whiskers of species of.
Macacus brunneus.
Macacus cynomolgus, superciliary ridge of; beard and whiskers of;
becoming white with age.
Macacus ecaudatus.
Macacus lasiotus, facial spots of.
Macacus nemestrinus.
Macacus radiatus.
Macacus rhesus, sexual difference in the colour of.
Macalister, Prof., on variations of the palmaris accessorius muscle; on
muscular abnormalities in man; on the greater variability of the
muscles in men than in women.
Macaws, Mr. Buxton’s observations on.
McCann, J., on mental individuality.
McClelland, J., on the Indian Cyprinidae.
Macculloch, Col., on an Indian village without any female children.
Macculloch, Dr., on tertian ague in a dog.
Macgillivray, W., on the vocal organs of birds; on the Egyptian goose;
on the habits of woodpeckers; on the habits of the snipe; on the
whitethroat; on the moulting of the snipes; on the moulting of the
Anatidae; on the finding of new mates by magpies; on the pairing of a
blackbird and thrush; on pied ravens; on the guillemots; on the colours
of the tits; on the immature plumage of birds.
Machetes, sexes and young of.
Machetes pugnax, supposed to be polygamous; numerical proportion of the
sexes in; pugnacity of the male; double moult in.
McIntosh, Dr., colours of the Nemertians.
McKennan, marriage customs of Koraks.
Mackintosh, on the moral sense.
MacLachlan, R., on Apatania muliebris and Boreus hyemalis; on the anal
appendages of male insects; on the pairing of dragon-flies; on
dragon-flies; on dimorphism in Agrion; on the want of pugnacity in male
dragon-flies; colour of ghost-moth in the Shetland Islands.
M’Lennan, Mr., on infanticide; on the origin of the belief in spiritual
agencies; on the prevalence of licentiousness among savages; on the
primitive barbarism of civilised nations; on traces of the custom of
the forcible capture of wives; on polyandry.
Macnamara, Mr., susceptibility of Andaman islanders and Nepalese to
change.
M’Neill, Mr., on the use of the antlers of deer; on the Scotch
deerhound; on the long hairs on the throat of the stag; on the
bellowing of stags.
Macropus, courtship of.
Macrorhinus proboscideus, structure of the nose of.
Magpie, power of speech of; vocal organs of the; nuptial assemblies of;
new mates found by; stealing bright objects; young of the; coloration
of the.
Maillard, M., on the proportion of the sexes in a species of Papilio
from Bourbon.
Maine, Sir Henry, on the absorption of one tribe by another; a desire
for improvement not general.
Major, Dr. C. Forsyth, on fossil Italian apes; skull of Bos etruscus;
tusks of miocene pigs.
Makalolo, perforation of the upper lip by the.
Malar bone, abnormal division of, in man.
Malay Archipelago, marriage-customs of the savages of the.
Malays, line of separation between the Papuans and the; general
beardlessness of the; staining of the teeth among; aversion of some, to
hairs on the face.
Malays and Papuans, contrasted characters of.
Male animals, struggles of, for the possession of the females;
eagerness of, in courtship; generally more modified than female; differ
in the same way from females and young.
Male characters, developed in females; transfer of, to female birds.
Male, sedentary, of a hymenopterous parasite.
Malefactors.
Males, presence of rudimentary female organs in.
Males and females, comparative numbers of; comparative mortality of,
while young.
Malherbe, on the woodpeckers.
Mallotus Peronii.
Mallotus villosus.
Malthus, T., on the rate of increase of population.
Maluridae, nidification of the.
Malurus, young of.
Mammae, rudimentary, in male mammals; supernumerary, in women; of male
human subject.
Mammalia, Prof. Owen’s classification of; genealogy of the.
Mammals, recent and tertiary, comparison of cranial capacity of;
nipples of; pursuit of female, by the males; secondary sexual
characters of; weapons of; relative size of the sexes of; parallelism
of, with birds in secondary sexual characters; voices of, used
especially during the breeding season.
Man, variability of; erroneously regarded as more domesticated than
other animals; migrations of; wide distribution of; causes of the
nakedness of; supposed physical inferiority of; a member of the
Catarrhine group; early progenitors of; transition from ape indefinite;
numerical proportions of the sexes in; difference between the sexes;
proportion of sexes amongst the illegitimate; different complexion of
male and female negroes; secondary sexual characters of; primeval
condition of.
Mandans, correlation of colour and texture of hair in the.
Mandible, left, enlarged in the male of Taphroderes distortus.
Mandibles, use of the, in Ammophila; large, of Corydalis cornutus;
large, of male Lucanus elaphus.
Mandrill, number of caudal vertebrae in the; colours of the male.
Mantegazza, Prof., on last molar teeth of man; bright colours in male
animals; on the ornaments of savages; on the beardlessness of the New
Zealanders; on the exaggeration of natural characters by man.
Mantell, W., on the engrossment of pretty girls by the New Zealand
chiefs.
Mantis, pugnacity of species of.
Maories, mortality of; infanticide and proportion of sexes; distaste
for hairiness amongst men.
Marcus Aurelius, on the origin of the moral sense; on the influence of
habitual thoughts.
Mareca penelope.
Marks, retained throughout groups of birds.
Marriage, restraints upon, among savages; influence of, upon morals;
influence of, on mortality; development of.
Marriages, early; communal.
Marshall, Dr. W., protuberances on birds’ heads; on the moulting of
birds; advantage to older birds of paradise.
Marshall, Col., interbreeding amongst Todas; infanticide and proportion
of sexes with Todas; choice of husband amongst Todas.
Marshall, Mr., on the brain of a Bushwoman.
Marsupials, development of the nictitating membrane in; uterus of;
possession of nipples by; their origin from Monotremata; abdominal sacs
of; relative size of the sexes of; colours of.
Marsupium, rudimentary in male marsupials.
Martin, W.C.L., on alarm manifested by an orang at the sight of a
turtle; on the hair in Hylobates; on a female American deer; on the
voice of Hylobates agilis; on Semnopithecus nemaeus.
Martin, on the beards of the inhabitants of St. Kilda.
Martins deserting their young.
Martins, C., on death caused by inflammation of the vermiform
appendage.
Mastoid processes in man and apes.
Maudsley, Dr., on the influence of the sense of smell in man; on idiots
smelling their food; on Laura Bridgman; on the development of the vocal
organs; moral sense failing in incipient madness; change of mental
faculties at puberty in man.
Mayers, W.F., on the domestication of the goldfish in China.
Mayhew, E., on the affection between individuals of different sexes in
the dog.
Maynard, C.J., on the sexes of Chrysemys picta.
Meckel, on correlated variation of the muscles of the arm and leg.
Medicines, effect produced by, the same in man and in monkeys.
Medusae, bright colours of some.
Megalithic structures, prevalence of.
Megapicus validus, sexual difference of colour in.
Megasoma, large size of males of.
Meigs, Dr. A., on variation in the skulls of the natives of America.
Meinecke, on the numerical proportion of the sexes in butterflies.
Melanesians, decrease of.
Meldola, Mr., colours and marriage flight of Colias and Pieris.
Meliphagidae, Australian, nidification of.
Melita, secondary sexual characters of.
Meloe, difference of colour in the sexes of a species of.
Memnon, young.
Memory, manifestations of, in animals.
Mental characters, difference of, in different races of men.
Mental faculties, diversity of, in the same race of men; inheritance
of; variation of, in the same species; similarity of the, in different
races of man; of birds.
Mental powers, difference of, in the two sexes in man.
Menura Alberti, song of.
Menura superba, long tails of both sexes of.
Merganser, trachea of the male.
Merganser serrator, male plumage of.
Mergus cucullatus, speculum of.
Mergus merganser, young of.
Metallura, splendid tail-feathers of.
Methoca ichneumonides, large male of.
Meves, M., on the drumming of the snipe.
Mexicans, civilisation of the, not foreign.
Meyer, on a convoluted body at the extremity of the tail in a Macacus
and a cat.
Meyer, Dr. A., on the copulation of Phryganidae of distinct species.
Meyer, Prof. L., on development of helix of ear; men’s ears more
variable than women’s; antennae serving as ears.
Migrations of man, effects of.
Migratory instinct of birds; vanquishing the maternal.
Mill, J.S., on the origin of the moral sense; on the “greatest
happiness principle;” on the difference of the mental powers in the
sexes of man.
Millipedes.
Milne-Edwards, H., on the use of enlarged chelae of the male Gelasimus.
Milvago leucurus, sexes and young of.
Mimicry.
Mimus polyglottus.
Mind, difference of, in man and the highest animals; similarity of the,
in different races.
Minnow, proportion of the sexes in the.
Mirror, behaviour of monkeys before.
Mirrors, larks attracted by.
Mitchell, Dr., interbreeding in the Hebrides.
Mitford, selection of children in Sparta.
Mivart, St. George, on the reduction of organs; on the ears of the
lemuroidea; on variability of the muscles in lemuroidea; on the caudal
vertebrae of monkeys; on the classification of the primates; on the
orang and on man; on differences in the lemuroidea; on the crest of the
male newt.
Mobius, Prof., on reasoning powers in a pike.
Mocking-thrush, partial migration of; young of the.
Modifications, unserviceable.
Moggridge, J.T., on habits of spiders; on habits of ants.
Moles, numerical proportion of the sexes in; battles of male.
Mollienesia petenensis, sexual difference in.
Mollusca, beautiful colours and shapes of; absence of secondary sexual
characters in the.
Molluscoida.
Monacanthus scopas and M. Peronii.
Monboddo, Lord, on music.
Mongolians, perfection of the senses in.
Monkey, protecting his keeper from a baboon; bonnet-; rhesus-, sexual
difference in colour of the; moustache-, colours of the.
Monkeys, liability of, to the same diseases as man; male, recognition
of women by; diversity of the mental faculties in; breaking hard fruits
with stones; hands of the; basal caudal vertebrae of, imbedded in the
body; revenge taken by; maternal affection in; variability of the
faculty of attention in; American, manifestation of reason in; using
stones and sticks; imitative faculties of; signal-cries of; mutual
kindnesses of; sentinels posted by; human characters of; American,
direction of the hair on the arms of some; gradation of species of;
beards of; ornamental characters of; analogy of sexual differences of,
with those of man; different degrees of difference in the sexes of;
expression of emotions by; generally monogamous habits of; polygamous
habits of some; naked surfaces of; courtship of.
Monogamy, not primitive.
Monogenists.
Mononychus pseudacori, stridulation of.
Monotremata, development of the nictitating membrane in; lactiferous
glands of; connecting mammals with reptiles.
Monstrosities, analogous, in man and lower animals; caused by arrest of
development; correlation of; transmission of.
Montagu, G., on the habits of the black and red grouse; on the
pugnacity of the ruff; on the singing of birds; on the double moult of
the male pintail.
Monteiro, Mr., on Bucorax abyssinicus.
Montes de Oca, M., on the pugnacity of male Humming-birds.
Monticola cyanea.
Monuments, as traces of extinct tribes.
Moose, battles of; horns of the, an incumbrance.
Moral and instinctive impulses, alliance of.
Moral faculties, their influence on natural selection in man.
Moral rules, distinction between the higher and lower.
Moral sense, so-called, derived from the social instincts; origin of
the.
Moral tendencies, inheritance of.
Morality, supposed to be founded in selfishness; test of, the general
welfare of the community; gradual rise of; influence of a high standard
of.
Morgan, L.H., on the beaver; on the reasoning powers of the beaver; on
the forcible capture of wives; on the castoreum of the beaver; marriage
unknown in primeval times; on polyandry.
Morley, J., on the appreciation of praise and fear of blame.
Morris, F.O., on hawks feeding an orphan nestling.
Morse, Dr., colours of mollusca.
Morselli, E., division of the malar bone.
Mortality, comparative, of female and male.
Morton on the number of species of man.
Moschkau, Dr. A., on a speaking starling.
Moschus moschiferus, odoriferous organs of.
Motacillae, Indian, young of.