II.--THE PROCESS BY VOCALIC MUTATION.

Here, in order to form a new word, one or more of the vowels of the old

word are changed, as in _man--men_, where an _e_ is substituted for _a_;

_ran--run_, where _u_ is substituted for _a_; _lead--led_, where _e_,

with its proper sound, is substituted for _ea_ with its proper sound.

This method is used to a very limited extent in English. When the

history of the words in which it occurs is studied it is discovered

to be but an instance of the wearing out of the different elements of

combined words; but in the Hebrew this method prevails to a very large

extent, and scholars have not yet been able to discover its origin in

combination as they have in English. It may or may not have been an

original grammatic process, but because of its importance in certain

languages it has been found necessary to deal with it as a distinct and

original process.

On the Evolution of Language First Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1879-80, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1881, pages 1-16 · 第 8 / 14 题