Bald, 164;
Black, 161;
Bonelli's, 161;
Booted, 161;
Chilian Sea-, 167;
Golden, 148, 151, 162, 163, 165;
habits, 161 f.;
Harrier–see Harrier Eagle;
Hawk-, 160;
Imperial, 163;
in Falconry, 162;
Pondicherry, 168;
Sea-, 149, 161-163;
Spotted, 162;
Steppe-, 162;
Tawny, 163;
White-shouldered, 163
Ear, in Owls, 399
Ear-coverts, 20
Eaton, on Penguins, 57 n.;
on Petrels, 65 n., 67 n.
_Eclectus_, 364, 369;
bright colour of hen, 4, 369;
_E. pectoralis_, 369
Eclipse, in Anatidae, 4, 113
_Ectopistes_, 326, 328;
_E. migratorius_, 342
_Edoliisoma_, 525
_Edolius_, 528;
_E. forficatus_, 528
Eggs, burnished in Tinamidae, 183
Egg-tooth of embryo, 12
Egret, 88;
Little, 92
Egypt, to which region does it belong? 16
Egyptian Goose, 129
Eider–see Duck
_Elainea_, 474, 476;
_E. pagana_, 474;
_E. strepera_, 476
Elaineinae, 473 f.
_Elanoïdes_, 146, 147, 171;
_E. furcatus_, 170 f.
_Elanus_, 146, 147;
_E. axillaris_, 171;
_E. caeruleus_, 171;
_E. hypoleucus_, 171;
_E. leucurus_, 171;
_E. scriptus_, 171
_Elaphrocnemus_, fossil, 251
_Elasmonetta_, 111;
_E. chlorotis_, 125
Eleutherodactyli, 467
Elliot, on Birds of Paradise, 543 n.;
on Grouse, 240 n.;
on Humming-birds, 432
_Elminia_, 506
El Turco, 491
Ema, 30, 36
Emarginate bill, 12
_Emberiza citrinella_, 584;
_E. fucata_, 583;
_E. hortulana_, 584;
_E. miliaria_, 584;
_E. schoeniclus_, 584
Emberizidae, 582
_Emberizoïdes_, 583
_Embernagra_, 584
_Emblema_, 577
Embryo, 21
Emeinae, 42
Emen, 26, 36, 37, 170;
aftershaft, 3;
breast-bone, 7;
structure, etc., 32 f.
_Emeus_, 42
_Empidonax_, 474;
_E. flaviventer_, 476;
_E. minimus_, 475
_Enaliornis_, vertebrae, 25;
_E. barretti_, 47;
_E. sedgwicki_, 47
Enaliornithes, 25, 46
Endaspidean, 484
_Engyptila_, 336
_Enodes_, 559, 561
_Entomophila_, 567
_Entomyza_, 565, 566;
_E. cyanotis_, 568
_Eopsaltria_, 509
_Eos_, 364, 374;
_E. fuscata_, 374
_Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis_, 98
_Ephthianura_, 512 f.
Epidermis, 2, 2 n.
Epops, fables concerning, 396
_Ereunetes pusillus_, 282
_Ergaticus_, 573, 574
_Eriocnemis_, 426, 437 f.;
_E. cupreiventris_, 438
_Erismatura_, 111, 112, 117;
_E. aequatorialis_, 118;
_E. australis_, 118;
_E. dominica_, 118;
_E. ferruginea_, 118;
_E. jamaicensis_, 118;
_E. leucocephala_, 118;
_E. maccoa_, 118;
_E. vittata_, 118
Erismaturinae, 111, 112, 117
_Erithacus_, 509, 510;
_E. akahige_, 512;
_E. hyrcanus_, 512;
_E. komadori_, 512;
_E. rubecula_, 512
Erne, 163
Erythrism, 4 n.
_Erythrobucco_, 449
_Erythrogonys cinctus_, 272
_Erythromachus_, 244;
_E. leguati_, fossil, 251
_Erythromyias_, 507
_Erythropus_, 147;
_E. amurensis_, 176;
_E. vespertinus_, 176
_Erythrosterna parva_, 507 {603}
_Erythrotriorchis radiatus_, 159
_Estrelda_, 578
Ethiopian Region, 15 f.
Ethmoid, 11
_Eucichla_, 469
_Eucometis_, 575
_Eucorax_, 548, 551
_Eudocimus_, 100;
young, 103;
_E. albus_, 100;
_E. ruber_, 100
_Eudromias_, 270;
male incubates, 271;
_E. australis_, 272;
_E. modestus_, 272;
_E. morinellus_, 272;
_E. veredus_, 272
_Eudynamis_, 355;
_E. honorata_, 356;
_E. melanorhyncha_, 356
_Eudyptes_, 55, 57 f.;
_E. antarcticus_, 57, 59;
_E. antipodum_, 59;
_E. atratus_, 59;
_E. chrysocome_, 58, 58;
_E. chrysolophus_, 58;
_E. pachyrhynchus_, 59;
_E. schlegeli_, 59;
_E. sclateri_, 59;
_E. serresianus_, 59;
_E. vittatus_, 59
_Eudyptula minor_, 57
_Eugenes fulgens_, 435;
_E. spectabilis_, 435 f.
_Eulabeornis_, 244
_Eulabes_, 559, 561, 562;
_E. religiosa_, 560
Eulabetidae, 496, 559, 561, 562
_Eulampis_, 427;
_E. holosericeus_, 433 f.;
_E. jugularis_, 429, 434
Euler, on _Procnias_, 576 n.
_Eumomota superciliaris_, 381
_Eunetta_, 112, 114;
_E. falcata_, 127
Euornithes, 46
_Eupetomena macrura_, 435
_Euphonia_, 575, 576
_Euplocamus_, 198, 213 n.
_Eupodotis_, 260;
_E. arabs_, 262;
_E. australis_, 261, 262;
_E. edwardsi_, 261, 262;
_E. kori_, 261-263
_Euprinodes_, 514
_Eupsychortyx cristatus_, 231
_Euptilotis_, 441, 442;
_E. neoxenus_, 444
_Euryceros prevosti_, 535 f.
Eurycerotidae, 496, 536
_Eurycorystes_, 580
Eurylaemidae, 467;
habits, 469
_Eurylaemus_, 468;
_E. javanicus_, 468
_Eurynorhynchus_, 268;
bill, 12;
_E. pygmaeus_, 282
_Eurypyga_, 186, 263, 265 f.;
_E. helias_, 265 f., 266;
_E. major_, 265 f.
Eurypygidae, 243, 265 f.
_Eurystomus_, 376, 377;
_E. australis_, 377;
_E. glaucurus_, 377;
_E. orientalis_, 377
_Euscarthmus_, 473;
_E. orbitatus_, 474;
_E. zosterops_, 474
_Eustephanus fernandensis_, 428, 435;
_E. galeritus_, 427, 428, 434 f.;
_E. leyboldi_, 428, 435
_Eutoxeres_, 430, 435
_Eutriorchis_, 154
_Eutrygon_, 335;
_E. leucopareia_, 335;
_E. terrestris_, 335
Evans–see Wilson
Evolution, 15
Exaspidean, 473
_Excalphatoria_, 199, 200, 218 n., 219;
_E. adansoni_, 219;
_E. lepida_, 219;
_E. sinensis_, 202, 219
Excrescence on bill shed by _Pelecanus erythrorhynchus_, 83
Exoccipital, 11
Eyelashes, distinct in _Opisthocomus_, 241;
in Hornbills, 3, 390
Facets of vertebra, 6
Fachach, 63
Faisan, 198
_Falcinellus_, 544, 550;
_F. speciosus_, 545, 546
_Falcipennis_, 199;
_F. hartlaubi_, 236
_Falco_, 175, 177;
fossil, 181;
plumage of young, 178;
see _Gennaea_ and _Hierofalco_;
_F. atriceps_, 179;
_F. babylonicus_, 178;
_F. barbarus_, 178;
_F. biarmicus_, 179;
_F. cassini_, 178;
_F. ernesti_, subspecies, 178;
_F. feldeggi_, 179;
_F. melanogenys_, sub-species, 178;
_F. minor_, 178;
_F. peregrinator_, 179;
_F. peregrinus_, 178 f.;
_F. punicus_, 178;
_F. tanypterus_, 179
Falcon, 137, 146, 148, 149, 178;
for nomenclature of parts, 20;
skeleton of trunk, 7;
flown at Herons, 89;
Arctic, 180;
Desert-, 179;
Finch-, 147, 173;
Gentle, 156;
Greenland-, 180;
Gyr, 180;
Iceland, 180;
Jer, 180;
Peregrine, 148, 174, 178-180;
Prairie-, 179 f.;
Red-footed, 147, 176;
Royal, 179;
Stone-, 177
Falconidae, 137, 146-150;
habits, 147 f.;
markings of young, 147
Falconiformes, 108, 137 f.
Falconinae, 146, 147, 173 f.
Falconine, 156
Falconry, 148 n., 178, 179;
use of Eagles in, 162
_Falculia_, 561
_Falcunculus_, 531-534
False rib, 6
Fandango-bird, 479
Fantail, 506
Father John, 102
Feathered spaces or pterylae, 2
Feathers, nature, growth, etc., 2 f.
Female, and young duller in most birds, 4;
brighter and larger than male in _Rhynchaea_, 270 f.;
in _Turnix_, 188;
in _Phalaropus_, 278;
larger than male in _Apteryx_, 33;
in Cassowaries, 33;
in Emeus, 33;
in Falconiformes, 137
Femur, 8, 9
Fenestrae, 8
Fern-Owl, 418
Festooned bill, 12
Fibula, 8, 9 {604}
Fieldfare, 510
Filoplumes, 21
Finch, 355, 578, 582 f.;
habits, 586;
see Chaffinch, Bullfinch, Hawfinch, Serin;
Gold-, 584, 586, 587;
Grass-, 578;
Green-, 584;
Rose-, 585;
Snow-, 586, 587
Finfoot, 243, 267 f.;
habits, 267
Fingers, 8
Fireback, 214 f.
Fire-wood gatherer, 487
Fjeld-riporre, 240
Flamingo, 70, 105 f., 106
Flanks, 21
Flicker, 460
Flight, speed of, 20
Flightless, Birds, 25;
state, of Anatidae, 4, 113, 125;
of Dodo, 328;
of Great Auk, 315, 321;
of Moorhen, 4;
of Phoenicopteridae, 4, 107;
of Rails, 4, 245 f.
Florican, 262;
Lesser, 262
_Florida caerulea_, 91;
young, 93
_Florisuga mellivora_, 436
Flower, on Hornbill, 392 n.
Flower-pecker, 570 f.
_Fluvicola_, 475-477
Flycatcher, 467, 473, 506 f.;
habits, 508;
Paradise-, 507, 508;
Pied, 507-509;
Spotted, 507, 508
_Foetopterus ambiguus_, fossil, 181
Foot, 9
Foramen, 9;
for optic nerve, 11;
for trigeminal, 11
Forbes, H. O., on Frigate Bird, 82 n.;
on _Phalacrocorax_, 77 n.
Forbes, W. A., on classification, 14;
on Barbets and Toucans, 448;
on classification of Petrels, 59 n.;
on Galbulidae, 445;
on _Mesites_, 186 f.;
on _Metopidius_ and _Hydralector_, 269 n.;
on trachea of Paradise-bird, 545 n.;
on Passeres, their song-muscles, 466;
on _Plotus_, 72 n., 81 n.
Fore-arm, 8
Forehead, 20
Fore-neck, 20
Foreteller, by day, 357;
at night, 356
Fork-tail, 501
Formicariidae, 469, 479, 488 f.;
habits, 489
Formicariinae, 488 f.
_Formicarius_, 488, 489
_Formicivora_, 488;
_F. caudata_, 488;
_F. ferruginea_, 488
Fossil Birds, viii, 1 f.
_Foudia_, 578;
fossil, 496
Four-o'clock, 567
Fowl, 186, (_Gallus_) 203
Francolins, called Pheasants, 226;
Naked-throated, 225
_Francolinus_, 198, 202, 226 f.;
_F. adspersus_, 227;
_F. albigularis_, 227;
_F. levaillanti_, 226;
_F. pondicerianus_, 227;
_F. sinensis_, 227;
_F. vulgaris_, 226
_Franklinia_, 518
_Fratercula arctica_, 317;
_F. corniculata_, 317;
_F. glacialis_, 317
Freeman and Salvin, on Falconry, 148 n.;
on fishing with Cormorants, 79 n.
_Fregata_, 70-72;
coracoid and scapula fused, 8;
habits, 81 f.;
_F. aquila_, 81, 82;
_F. minor_, 81
Fregatidae, 55, 70, 81
Fregilinae, 552 f.
_Fregilupus_, 559, 561;
_F. varius_, 561
Friar-bird, 568
Frigate-bird, 70, 82;
habits, 81 f.
Fringe lost, in feathers, 5
_Fringilla_, fossil, 496;
_F. coelebs_, 584;
_F. montifringilla_, 584
Fringillidae, 439, 494, 575, 576, 579, 582 f.;
fossil, 496;
habits, 586
Frog-mouth, 419
Frons, 20
Frontal, 11
_Fulica_, 244, 246, 250 f.;
_F. alai_, 250;
_F. americana_, 251;
_F. atra_, 250 f.;
_F. australis_, 251;
_F. cornuta_, 244, 251;
_F. cristata_, 244, 251;
fossil, 251;
_F. gigantea_, 245, 251;
_F. lugubris_, 251;
_F. minor_, fossil, 251;
_F. newtoni_, fossil, 251;
_F. prior_, fossil, 251
Fulicariae, 243
_Fuligula_, 112, 121;
fossil, 136;
habits, 123;
_F. affinis_, 122;
_F. collaris_, 122;
_F. cristata_, 122;
_F. marila_, 121 f.;
_F. novae zealandiae_, 122, 123
Fuligulinae, 111-114, 118
Fulmar, 61-63, 65
_Fulmarus_, 60, 61;
_F. glacialis_, 65;
_F. glupischa_, 65;
_F. rodgersi_, 65
Fürbringer, on classification, 14;
on classification of Passeres, 467
Furcula, 7, 8;
absent in Apterygidae, 39;
absent in Dinornithidae, 42;
absent in Rheidae, 30;
absent in Struthionidae, 27;
ancylosed with sternum in Gruidae, 252;
in Otididae, 261;
in Heliornithidae, 267;
coalesces with coracoids in _Fregata_, 72;
ossifies with keel of sternum, 8–see also Clavicle
Furnariinae, 484 f.
_Furnarius_, 477, 484, 485;
nest, 485;
_F. cinnamomeus_, 486;
_F. cristatus_, 485;
_F. figulus_, 486;
_F. leucopus_, 485;
_F. minor_, 486;
_F. rufus_, 486, 525;
_F. torridus_, 486
_Gabianus pacificus_, 306
Gadow, on classification, 14, 23;
on classification of Passeres, 467;
on classification of Petrels, 59 n.;
definition of Bird, 1;
on skeleton, 5 f.;
on Archaeornithes and Neornithes, 25;
on Bucerotidae and Upupidae, 390; {605}
on Columbae, 325;
on Cuculiformes, 351;
on Drepanididae, 562;
on Gallinaceous Birds, 198;
on Laniidae, 531;
on _Mesites_, 187;
on Nightjars, 417 n.;
on Odontornithes, 46;
on _Opisthocomus_, 186;
on Oscines, 495;
on Owls, 397;
on _Palaelodus_, 70;
on _Panurus_, 541;
on Pici, 445;
on Psittaci, 362;
on Pterylosis, 2;
on Ratitae, 26 n.;
on Sand-Grouse, 322;
on Steganopodes, 70 n.;
on "Stereornithes," 43 f.;
on Tinamidae, 182;
on _Zosterops_, 568;
see Newton, E.
Gadwall–see Duck
_Galbalcyrhynchus_, 445;
_G. leucotis_, 446
_Galbula_, 446;
_G. albirostris_, 445, 446;
_G. chalcothorax_, 446;
_G. cyaneicollis_, 445
Galbulidae, 445 f.;
habits, 446
Galbulinae, 445
_Galeoscoptes_, 514;
_G. carolinensis_, 519
_Galerita_, 497;
_G. cristata_, 497, 498;
_G. isabellina_, 497
Galli, 186, 190, 322;
claws on manus, 48
_Gallicrex_, 244, 246;
_G. cinerea_, 249
Galliformes, 186 f.
Gallinaceous Birds, 186
Gallinae, early attain power of flight, 4
_Gallinago_, 268, 290;
fossil, 300;
_G. aequatorialis_, 291;
_G. aucklandica_, 291 f.;
_G. australis_, 291;
_G. bernieri_, 291;
_G. caelestis_, 290 f.;
_G. delicata_, 291;
_G. frenata_, 291;
_G. gallinula_, 292;
_G. gigantea_, 291;
_G. imperialis_, 291;
_G. jamesoni_, 291;
_G. macrodactyla_, 291;
_G. major_, 291;
_G. megala_, 292;
_G. nemoricola_, 291;
_G. nigripennis_, 291;
_G. nobilis_, 291;
_G. paraguaiae_, 291;
_G. sabinii_, 290;
_G. solitaria_, 291;
_G. stenura_, 292;
_G. stricklandi_, 291;
_G. undulata_, 291;
_G. wilsoni_, 291
Galline Birds, habits, 202 f.
Gallinita, 451
_Gallinula_, 244, 246, 249;
_G. angulata_, 249;
_G. chloropus_, 249;
_G. comeri_, 244, 249;
_G. dionysiana_, 249;
_G. frontata_, 249;
_G. galeata_, 249;
_G. nesiotis_, 244, 249;
_G. peralata_, fossil, 251;
_G. pyrrhorhoa_, 249;
_G. sandvicensis_, 249;
_G. strenuipes_, fossil, 251;
_G. tenebrosa_, 249
Gallinule, 243-245, 249 f.;
Purple, 245
_Gallirex_, 359, 360;
_G. chlorochlamys_, 360
Gallito, 491
_Galloperdix_, 218;
_G. bicalcarata_, 218;
_G. lunulata_, 218;
_G. spadicea_, 218
_Gallophasis_, 213 n.
_Gallus_, 199-201, 203, 204, 208;
fossil, 241;
_G. bankiva_, 208 f.;
_G. ferrugineus_, 208 f.;
_G. lafayettii_, 209;
_G. sonnerati_, 209;
_G. stanleyi_, 209;
_G. varius_, 209
Game-birds, 186
Game-fowl, Black-breasted, 208
_Gampsonyx swainsoni_, 171
_Gampsorhynchus_, 502
Gannet, 70, 73, 74, 75;
habits, 75–see Goose, Solan
Gare-fowl, 321;–see Auk, Great
Garganey–see Duck
Garrod, on classification, 14;
on Barbets and Toucans, 448;
on Galbulidae, 445;
on Passeres, their song-muscles, 466;
on _Tantalus ibis_, 96
_Garrodia_, 60, 65
_Garrulax_, 503, 504
Garrulinae, 552 f.
_Garrulus_, 552, 554;
_G. glandarius_, 554
_Garzetta_, 92
_Gastornis_, 45;
_G. edwardsi_, 45;
_G. klaasseni_, 45;
_G. parisiensis_, 45
Gätke, on speed of flight, 20
_Gauropicoïdes rafflesi_, 461
_Gazzola_, 552, 553
_Gecinus_, 458;
_G. viridis_, 458, 460
Geese, 105, 107;
habits, 113 f.;
Black, 131;
habits, 131;
Grey, 132;
habits, 132;
Pigmy, 134;
Spur-winged, 134
Geikie, on head of _Ichthyornis_, 48
Gelinotte, 233
_Gelochelidon anglica_, 314
Genera of Birds, 15
_Gennaea_, 179;
_G. hypoleuca_, 180;
_G. jugger_, 179;
_G. lanarius_, 179;
_G. mexicana_, 179 f.;
_G. milvipes_, 179;
_G. polyagnis_, 179 f.;
_G. sacer_, 179;
_G. subnigra_, 180
_Gennaeus_, 199, 200, 203, 213;
_G. albicristatus_, 213;
_G. andersoni_, 213;
_G. edwardsi_, 213;
_G. horsfieldi_, 213;
_G. leucomelanus_, 213;
_G. lineatus_, 213;
_G. melanotus_, 213;
_G. muthura_, 213;
_G. nycthemerus_, 200, 213;
_G. swinhoii_, 213
Gentoo, 57
_Genyornis newtoni_, fossil, 38 n.
Genys (γενυς = jaw) or Gonys (γονυ = knee and hence = bend), 20
_Geobates_, 484
_Geobiastes_, 378;
_G. squamigera_, 378
_Geocichla_, 509, 510;
_G. princii_, 509
_Geococcyx_, 351, 353;
_G. mexicanus_, 352;
habits, 357 f.
_Geocolaptes_, 458;
_G. olivaceus_, 460
Geographical distribution, 15;
variations, 15
_Geopelia_, 328;
_G. cuneata_, 341;
_G. humeralis_, 341;
_G. maugii_, 341;
_G. striata_, 341;
_G. tranquilla_, 341
_Geophaps_, 327, 328;
_G. scripta_, 337;
_G. smithi_, 337
_Geopsittacus_, 364;
_G. occidentalis_, 367
_Geositta_, 486, 525; {606}
_G. cunicularia_, 485
_Geospiza_, 583, 585, 586
_Geothlypis_, 573
_Geotrygon_, 336;
_G. chrysia_, 336;
_G. cristata_, 336;
_G. linearis_, 336;
_G. montana_, 336;
_G. violacea_, 336
_Geranoaëtus melanoleucus_, 167
_Geranopsis_, fossil, 256
_Geranospizias_, 156;
_G. caerulescens_, 156;
_G. niger_, 156
_Geronticus_, 100;
_G. calvus_, 102
_Gerygone_, 355, 508, 509
Gibson, on _Chauna_, 109 n.;
on _Myiopsittacus_, 371 n.;
on _Rostrhamus_, 171
Gizzard, 12
_Glareola_, 268-270, 293 f.;
_G. cinerea_, 294;
_G. emini_, 294;
_G. grallaria_, 294;
_G. isabella_, 294;
_G. lactea_, 294;
_G. megapoda_, 294;
_G. melanoptera_, 294;
_G. nordmanni_, 294;
_G. nuchalis_, 294;
_G. ocularis_, 293 f.;
_G. orientalis_, 293;
_G. pratincola_, 293
Glareolidae, 268, 270, 293 f.
Glareolinae, 293 f.
_Glaucidium_, 401, 407;
_G. brodiei_, 407;
_G. capense_, 407;
_G. castanonotum_, 407;
_G. castanopterum_, 407;
_G. cobanense_, 400, 407;
_G. cuculoïdes_, 407;
_G. ferox_, 407;
_G. gnoma_, 407;
_G. jardinii_, 407 f.;
_G. nanum_, 408;
_G. pardalotum_, 407;
_G. passerinum_, 407;
_G. perlatum_, 407;
_G. pumilum_, 408;
_G. radiatum_, 407;
_G. siju_, 407;
_G. sylvaticum_, 407;
_G. whitelyi_, 407
_Glaucopis_, 552, 556
Glead, Fork-tailed, 168
Glenoid cavity, 7
_Globicera_, 325, 345;
_G. myristicivora_, 328
_Glycyphila albifrons_, 565;
_G. fasciata_, 568;
_G. modesta_, 568
_Glyphorhynchus_, 484
Gnatcatcher, 514
Goatsucker, 415, 418
Godwit, 286 f.;
Bar-tailed, 287;
male incubates, 271;
Black-tailed, 286 f.;
Marbled, 287
Goeldi, on _Cassidix oryzivora_, 582 n.;
on _Nyctibius_, 417 n.
Goiemare, figure of Dodo, 330
Golden-eye–see Duck
Goldfinch, 584, 586
Gom-Paauw, 263
Gonys–see Genys
Goosander, 114-116
Goose, Bean-, 132;
Bernacle-, 131;
Brent, 131;
Cape Barren, 133;
Chinese, 132;
Emperor-, 114, 132;
Grey-lag, 132;
Kelp-, 130;
Pink-footed, 132;
Red-breasted, 114, 131, 132;
Solan, 73, 75, 302;
Upland, 130;
White-fronted, 132
_Gorsachius goisagi_, 90
Goshawk, 156, 178
Gosling, specimen of Dodo, 330
Gosse, on _Aramus_, 257;
on Humming-birds, 429, 432;
on _Mellisuga_, 431;
on _Nyctibius_, 417 n.
Gould, on Darter, 81;
on Humming-birds, 430, 432;
on Odontophorinae, 230 n.;
on _Rhynchaea_, 292 n.;
on subfamilies of Humming-birds, 435
_Goura_, 326-328, 334;
_G. albertisi_, 334;
_G. beccarii_, 334;
_G. cinerea_, 334;
_G. coronata_, 333, 334;
_G. scheepmakeri_, 334;
_G. sclateri_, 334;
_G. victoria_, 334
Gourinae, 325 f., 334
_Graculipica_, 559;
_G. melanoptera_, 560
Graduated, 21
Grallariinae, 488 f.
_Grallina_, 535;
abnormal vocal organs, 535
_Grammatoptila_, 502
_Granatellus_, 573, 574
_Grandala caelicolor_, 510
Grand Duc, 413
Grandidier, on _Leptosoma_, 379 n.;
on _Margaroperdix_, 224 n.;–see Milne-Edwards
Grant, Ogilvie, on Gallinaceous Birds, 198;
on the Partridge, 224 n.;
on Perdicinae, 218 n.;
on Petrels, 63 n., 65 n.;
on _Phaëthon_, 72 n.;
on _Pithecophaga_, 160;
on _Platalea_, 104 n.;
on Red Grouse, 238;
on _Turnix_, 188 n.
_Graptocephalus_, 99, 100;
_G. davisoni_, 102
_Graucalus_, 525, 526;
_G. azureus_, 526
Grebe, 54, 267;
habits, 53 f.;
structure, etc., 49 f.;
Eared, 53;
Great Crested, 53;
Little, 52, 52 f.;
Red-necked, 53;
Slavonian, 53
Green colour in Birds, its nature, 3 n.
Green, on _Collocalia_, edible nests, 423
Greenfinch, 584
Greenlet, 536
Greenshank, 284
Grey Hen, 237
Griffon, 151–see Vulture
Grifo, 151
Grinder, 508
_Griphosaurus_, fossil, 23
Grosbeak, Pine-, 584
Grouse, 198-200, 202, 203;
disease, 203;
hybrids, 237, 237 n.;
American, 200, 203;
Black, 237;
Blue, 235;
Canada-, 236;
Dusky, 235;
Hazel-, 203, 233;
Pallas's Sand-, 323, 324;
Pine-, 235;
Pin-tailed Sand-, 322;
Red, 202, 204, 238 f., 239;
habits, 238 f.;
hybrids, 224;
Ruffed, 233;
Sage-, 235;
Sand-, 268, 321 f.;
toes, 10, 322;
habits, 322 f.;
Sharp-tailed, 234;
Willow-, 238-240
Gruidae, 243, 251 f.;
habits, 252 f.;
trachea enters keel of sternum, 13;
young, 256
Gruiformes, 186, 243 f.; {607}
_Phororhachos_ and others of the "Stereornithes" perhaps belong here,
44
_Grus_, fossil, 256;
_G. americana_, 254;
_G. australasiana_, 254;
_G. canadensis_, 254;
_G. carunculata_, 255;
_G. collaris_, 254;
_G. communis_, 254;
_G. japonensis_, 254;
_G. leucauchen_, 254;
_G. leucogeranus_, 254;
_G. lilfordi_, 254;
_G. melitensis_, fossil, 256;
_G. mexicana_, 254;
_G. monachus_, 254;
_G. nigricollis_, 254;
_G. paradisea_, 255;
_G. primigenia_, fossil, 256;
_G. sharpii_, 254;
_G. virgo_, 255 f.
Guácharo, 415, 419
Guainumbi, 426
Guan, 194;
habits, 195
_Gubernatrix_, 583
Guid-guid, 490
Guillemard, on Bird of Paradise, 550
Guillemot, 316;
Black, 316, 319;
Common, 319;
Ringed, 319
Guinea-fowl, 198, 203, 204;
habits, 205 f.;
its specific name, 206 n.
_Guira_, 352;
_G. piririgua_, 359
_Guiraca_, 585
Gula, 20
Gull, 49, 148, 268, 300-304;
habits, 302 f.;
Black-headed, 308;
Bonaparte's, 302, 309;
Common, 307;
Glaucous, 304, 306;
Great Black-backed, 301, 302, 307;
Great Black-headed, 309, 309;
Herring, 306, 307;
Hooded, 308;
Iceland, 306;
Ivory, 303, 306;
Kittiwake, 301, 302, 305 f.;
Laughing, 309;
Lesser Black-backed, 307;
Little, 304, 309 f.;
Peewit, 308;
Sabine's, 310;
Wedge-tailed, 310
Gullet, 12
Gundlach, on _Aramus_, 257 n.
Gurney, on _Astur_, 156;
on Circaëtinae, 153
_Guttera_, 200, 201, 204;
_G. cristata_, 204;
_G. eduardi_, 204;
_G. plumifera_, 204;
_G. pucherani_, 204;
_G. verreauxi_, 204
_Gygis_, 301, 303;
_G. candida_, 310;
_G. microrhyncha_, 310
_Gymnasio_, 400
_Gymnobucco_, 448;
_G. calvus_, 450
_Gymnocephalus_, 479, 480
_Gymnocichla_, 489
_Gymnocorax_, 552, 556
_Gymnocrex rosenbergi_, 247
Gymnoderinae, 479 f.
_Gymnoderus_, 479, 480;
powder-down patches, 481
_Gymnoglaux lawrencii_, 409;
_G. nudipes_, 409
_Gymnomystax_, 580
_Gymnopelia_, 326;
_G. erythrothorax_, 340
_Gymnophaps_, 326;
_G. albertisi_, 344
_Gymnopithys_, 488
_Gymnorhina_, 531, 532;
_G. hyperleuca_, 532
Gymnorhininae, 531 f.;
habits, 532 f.
_Gymnoschizorhis_, 360;
_G. leopoldi_, 361;
_G. personata_, 361
_Gymnostinops_, 579, 580
Gypaëtinae, 146, 150 f.
_Gypaëtus_, 146, 147, 149;
_G. barbatus_, 150, 150;
habits, 151;
_G. meridionalis_, 151;
_G. ossifragus_, 151
_Gyparchus papa_, 137, 139
_Gypohierax_, 146, 148;
_G. angolensis_, 151
_Gypoictinia_, 149;
_G. melanosternon_, 170
_Gypopsittacus vulturinus_, 369
_Gyps_, 143;
nestling, 143;
_G. fulvus_, 144;
_G. himalayensis_, 144;
_G. indicus_, 145;
_G. kolbi_, 144;
_G. melitensis_, fossil, 145;
_G. pallescens_, 145;
_G. rüppelli_, 144
_Gypsornis_, fossil, 251
_Habroptila_, 243, 245, 246;
_H. wallacii_, 244, 248
_Habrornis_, 514
Hackles, 3, 21
_Hadrostomus_, 480, 482;
_H. homochrous_, 483;
_H. niger_, 483
Haemal spine, 6
_Haematoderus_, 479, 481
_Haematopus_, 268-270;
_H. ater_, 277;
_H. durnfordi_, 277;
_H. frazari_, 277;
_H. galapagensis_, 277;
_H. leucopus_, 277;
_H. longirostris_, 277;
_H. moquini_, 277;
_H. niger_, 277;
_H. osculans_, 276;
_H. ostralegus_, 276;
_H. palliatus_, 277;
_H. unicolor_, 277
_Haematortyx_, 200;
_H. sanguiniceps_, 221 f.
_Hagedashia_, 99, 100;
_H. hagedash_, 102
_Hagiopsar_, 561
Hairs, nature of, 2 n.
_Halcyon_, 383;
_H. coromandus_, 385;
_H. cyaniventris_, 385;
_H. lindsayi_, 386;
_H. nigrocyaneus_, 386;
_H. saurophagus_, 386;
_H. semicaeruleus_, 385
Halcyoninae, 382, 385
_Halcyornis_, fossil, 315
_Haliaëtus_, 146, 147;
fossil, 181;
_H. albicilla_, 163;
_H. leucocephalus_, 164;
_H. leucocoryphus_, 164;
_H. leucogaster_, 164;
_H. vocifer_, 164;
_H. vociferoïdes_, 164
_Haliastur_, 148;
_H. indus_, 168;
_H. sphenurus_, 168
Hallux, 1, 10, 20
_Halobaena_, 60, 61;
_H. caerulea_, 66
_Halocyptena microsoma_, 67
Hammer-head, 86 f., 94, 95;
habits, 95
Hamuli, 3
Hancock, on Cuckoo, 354
Hand, 8
Hang-nest, 582
_Hapalarpactes_, 441, 442;
_H. mackloti_, 443;
_H. reinwardti_, 443
_Hapalis_, 514
_Hapalocercus_, 473, 477;
_H. flaviventer_, 476
_Hapaloderma_, 441, 442;
_H. constantia_, 443;
_H. narina_, 443; {608}
_H. vittatum_, 443
_Hapaloptila castanea_, 447
_Haplopelia_, 327, 336 f.;
_H. bronzina_, 337;
_H. inornata_, 337;
_H. johnstoni_, 337;
_H. larvata_, 337;
_H. principalis_, 337;
_H. simplex_, 337
_Harelda_, 112, 114;
_H. glacialis_, 120
Harfang, 412
Hargitt, on Woodpeckers, 458
_Harpa novae zealandiae_, 174
_Harpactes_, 441, 442, 443;
_H. duvauceli_, 442;
_H. kasumba_, 443;
_H. orescius_, 443
_Harpagornis moorii_, fossil, 181
_Harpagus_, 146, 173;
_H. bidentatus_, 173;
_H. diodon_, 150, 173;
_H. fasciatus_, 173
_Harpiprion cayennensis_, 101
_Harporhynchus_, 514, 515, 519;
_H. crissalis_, 519
Harpy, 159
_Harpyhaliaëtus_, 146, 147;
_H. coronatus_, 168;
_H. solitarius_, 168
_Harpyopsis novae guineae_, 159
Harrier, 146-149, 165;
habits, 154 f.;
-Eagles, 153;
Hen-, 155;
Marsh-, 155;
Montagu's, 155
Harry, on Dodo, 330
Hartert, on Humming-birds, 432
Harting–see Mosenthal
_Hartlaubius_, 561
Harvie-Brown, on _Diomedea melanophrys_, 65 n.
Hawfinch, 584, 586, 587
Hawk, 137, 146, 148, 149, 175, 353;
Blue, 178;
Bush-, 174;
Fish-, 180;
Hunting, 178;
Pigeon-, 178;
Quail-, 174;
Red, 178;
Red-tailed, 166;
Singing, 156;
Sparrow-, 157, 158;
Sparrow-, of America, 149, 176–see Goshawk
Heath-hen, 235
Hedge-sparrow–see Sparrow
_Hedydipna_, 569
Heilprin, on Geographical Distribution, 15
_Heleothreptus_, 418;
_H. anomalus_, 418
_Heliactin cornuta_, 439
_Helicura_, 478
_Heliochera_, 480, 482
_Heliodilus_, 398, 400;
_H. soumagnii_, 404
_Heliopais_, 267;
_H. personata_, 268
_Heliornis_, 243, 267;
_H. fulica_, 267
Heliornithidae, 243, 267 f.;
habits, 267
_Heliothrix_, 431, 432
Helmet, 12;
-bird, 535;
-crest, 437
_Helornis_, fossil, 108, 300
_Helotarsus_, 146, 147;
_H. ecaudatus_, 153;
_H. leuconotus_, 154
_Hemicercus_, 464
_Hemichelidon_, 506
_Hemignathus_, 562, 563
_Hemilophus pulverulentus_, 464
_Hemiphaga chathamensis_, 345;
_H. novae zealandiae_, 344;
_H. spadicca_, 344 f.
Hemipode, 188
_Hemipodius_, 187
_Hemipus_, 506, 531
_Hemixus_, 504
Hen, 203
_Heniconetta_, 114;
_H. stelleri_, 119
_Henicopernis infuscatus_, 173;
_H. longicaudatus_, 172 f.
_Henicophaps albifrons_, 338
_Henicorhina_, 521
_Henicornis_, 484
Henicuridae, 501
_Henicurus ruficapilla_, 501;
_H. scouleri_, 501;
_H. velatus_, 501
Hermit, 430, 435
Hern, 87
_Herodias alba_, 92
Heron, 70, 86 f., 90, 251, 263;
habits, 87 f.;
Boat-billed Night-, 90 f.;
Buff-backed, 88, 91;
Common, 87, 92, 93;
Great White, 92;
Green, 88;
in Falconry, 89;
Night-, 88, 90;
Purple, 93;
Squacco, 91
_Herpetotheres cachinnans_, 153
_Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus_, 489
_Hesperiphona_, 583, 585
_Hesperornis_, 45 f.;
no keel to sternum, 26;
no pygostyle, 6 n.;
quadrate bone, 26;
restoration, 46;
teeth, 12;
_H. crassipes_, 46;
_H. regalis_, 46
Hesperornithes, 25;
structure, etc., 46 f.
_Heteractitis incanus_, 285
_Heteralocha acutirostris_, 557, 558
_Heterocercus_, 478
_Heterocnemis_, 488
Heterocoelous, 6
_Heterocorax_, 552;
_H. capensis_, 556
Heterodactylous, 10, 441
_Heteroglaux_, 400
_Heteronetta atricapilla_, 123
_Heteropelma_, 477, 479, 482
_Heterorhynchus_, 562, 563
_Heterospizias meridionalis_, 168
_Heterotetrax_, 262
Heuglin, v., on Toucans, 449
_Hieracidea berigora_, 174;
_H. brunnea_, 174;
_H. ferox_, 174;
_H. novae guineae_, 175;
_H. novae zealandiae_, 174;
_H. orientalis_, 175
_Hierococcyx_, 353
_Hierofalco_, 180;
_H. candicans_, 180;
_H. gyrfalco_, 180;
_H. islandus_, 180;
_H. labradorus_, 180
Hilling, of Ruff, 285
Hill-Robin, 503
_Himantopus_, 268, 269, 277 f.;
fossil, 300;
_H. brasiliensis_, 278;
_H. candidus_, 277;
_H. knudseni_, 278;
_H. leucocephalus_, 278;
_H. melas_, 278;
_H. mexicanus_, 277 f.;
_H. pectoralis_, 278
_Himantornis_, 243;
_H. haematopus_, 248
_Himatione_, 562, 563;
_H. sanguinea_, 563, 564;
_H. virens_, 564
Hind-head, 20; {609}
-neck, 20;
-toe, 10
Hirundinidae, 494, 522 f.;
habits, 524 f.
_Hirundo_, 523, 524, 525;
_H. rustica_, 523, 524, 524
_Histrioniphaps histrionica_, 337 f.
Hoatzin, 186, 241 f., 242;
habits, 242
Hobby, 176, 177
_Hodgsonius_, 516
Hoefnagel, figure of Dodo, 330
Holarctic, 16
Homologous, meaning of, 5
_Homolopus_, fossil, 465
_Homorus_, 484, 485;
_H. lophotes_, 487
Homrai, 393
Honey-eater, 564 f.;
habits, 566 f.;
Warty-faced, 566
Honey-guide, 445, 448, 451;
habits, 452 f.
Hoopoe, 376, 390, 390 n., 395 f., 396;
habits, 395 f.;
Wood-, 390, 397;
habits, 397
Hooting, of Owls, 401
_Hoplopterus_, 269, 270;
_H. cayanus_, 276;
_H. speciosus_, 276;
_H. spinosus_, 276, 295;
_H. ventralis_, 276
Hornbill, 376, 390 f., 391;
bill, 11, 390 f.;
habits, 390;
Helmet-, 393;
Plait-billed, 394
Hornero, 486
Horns, 12;
in Auks, 315 f., 317, 318
_Houbara_, 260;
_H. fuerteventurae_, 262 n.;
_H. macqueeni_, 262;
_H. undulata_, 262
_Houbaropsis_, 260;
_H. bengalensis_, 262
Hudson, on _Aramides_, 248;
on _Chauna_, 109 n.;
on Cow-bird, 582 n.;
on Oven-bird, 485 n.;
on _Parra jacana_, 300 n.;
on _Rhea_, 31 f.;
see Sclater
Huia, 557, 558
Humboldt and Bonpland discover Oil-bird, 419
Hume, on _Bubo coromandus_, 403 n.;
on Francolins, 228 n.;
on _Ibis melanocephala_, 100 n.;
on _Mycteria_, 96 n.
Humerus, 8, 8
Humming-bird, 419, 420, 426 f., 429, 568;
breast-bone, 6 f.;
habits, 428 f.;
nature of iridescent feathers, 4;
operculum of nostrils, 11;
Bee-, 438;
King-, 436;
Long-tailed, 433;
Ruby-and-Topaz, 434
Hurst, on _Archaeopteryx_, 23 n.
Hutton, on Wandering Albatros, 63 f.
Huxley, classification, 14;
on Amphimorphae, 105;
on Cathartidae, 137 n.;
on Coracomorphae and their song-muscles, 466;
on Cypselomorphae, 419 n.;
on Gallinaceous Birds, 186, 198;
on Geographical Distribution, 15 f.;
on _Palaeeudyptes_, fossil, 59 n.;
on Picidae, 457;
restoration of _Hesperornis_, 46;
Sauropsida as a division of Vertebrata, 1
Hybrids, of American Partridges, 233;
of Galline Birds, 224;
of Grouse, 237, 237 n., 238
_Hydralector_, 269, 299;
_H. gallinaceus_, 298;
_H. novae guineae_, 298
_Hydranassa_, young, 93;
_H. tricolor_, 91
_Hydrochelidon_, 301, 303, 314;
_H. hybrida_, 314 f.;
_H. leucoptera_, 314;
_H. nigra_, 314;
_H. surinamensis_, 314
_Hydrophasianus_, 270;
_H. chirurgus_, 299, 299, 300
_Hydroprogne caspia_, 314
_Hydropsalis_, 418
_Hyetornis_, 351, 357
_Hylactes_, 490, 491;
_H. megapodius_, 491;
_H. tarnii_, 490, 491
_Hylexetastes_, 484
_Hylocharis_, 427, 435;
_H. sapphirina_, 435
_Hylomanes_, 380
_Hylophilus_, 536;
_H. ochraceiceps_, 536
_Hymenolaemus_, 111, 113;
_H. malacorhynchus_, 116
Hyoid, apparatus, 5, 21;
horns, 457
_Hyperergus_, 502
_Hyphantornis_, 579;
_H. cucullatus_, 578
_Hypochera ultramarina_, 577
Hypocleidium, 21
_Hypocnemis_, 488
_Hypocolius ampelinus_, 527, 527
_Hypolais_, 514, 517, 518
_Hypopyrrhus_, 580
Hyporhachis, or aftershaft of feather, 3
_Hypositta_, 537
_Hypotaenidia_, 246 f.;
_H. brachypus_, 247;
_H. mülleri_, 246 f.;
_H. striata_, 246 f.
_Hypotriorchis concolor_, 177;
_H. cuvieri_, 177;
_H. diroleucus_, 177;
_H. eleonorae_, 177;
_H. fusco-caerulescens_, 177;
_H. lunulatus_, 177;
_H. ophryophanes_, 177;
_H. rufigularis_, 177;
_H. severus_, 177;
_H. subbuteo_, 176
_Hypselornis sivalensis_, fossil, 36
_Hypsipetes_, 504-506;
_H. perniger_, 505
_Ianthothorax_, 544, 545
Ibididae, 70, 99 f.
Ibidinae, 99, 100
_Ibidopodia_, fossil, 105
_Ibidopsis_, fossil, 105
_Ibidorhynchus_, 268, 269;
_I. struthersi_, 277
_Ibis_, 70, 99, 100;
fossil, 105;
young, 103;
_I. aethiopica_, 102;
_I. bernieri_, 103;
_I. melanocephala_, 100, 103;
_I. molucca_, 103;
Glossy, 101;
Sacred, 102;
Scarlet, 100;
Shell-, 97;
White, 100;
Wood-, 70, 97
_Ibycter_, 152;
_I. americanus_, 152;
_I. ater_, 152
_Ichthyornis_, 45 f.;
head, 48;
quadrate bone, 26;
teeth, 12;
vertebrae, 6, 25;
_I. dispar_, 48;
_I. victor_, 48
Ichthyornithes, 25, 48 f.
Ichthyornithidae, structure, etc., 48 f.
_Icteria_, 573
Icteridae, 542, 559, 579 f.;
habits, 580;
parasitic, 582
Icterinae, 579 f. {610}
_Icteropsis_, 577
_Icterus_, 580, 581;
_I. baltimore_, 580, 581, 581;
_I. vulgaris_, 581
_Ictinia_, 146;
_I. mississippiensis_, 171;
_I. plumbea_, 171
Ignoble, of Falconidae, 146
Iiwi, 564
Ilium, 6, 9, 9
Immature plumage of Birds generally, 4
Impervious nostrils, 11
Incisura ischiadica, 9
Index finger, 9
Indian Region, 15 f.
_Indicator_, 451 f.;
_I. archipelagicus_, 452;
_I. major_, 452;
_I. minor_, 452;
habit of guiding to bees' nests, 452 f.;
_I. sparrmani_, 452;
_I. xanthonotus_, 452
Indicatorinae, 448, 451;
habits, 452 f.
Ingluvies, 12
_Inocotis_, 100;
_I. papillosus_, 102
Insessores, 466
Integument, 2 n.
Intestines, 12
Intrathoracic convolutions of trachea–see Trachea
_Iodopleura_, 479, 480
_Iole_, 506
_Ipocrantor_, 463;
_I. magellanicus_, 464
_Irena_, 504-506;
_I. crinigera_, 504
Iridescence in feathers, cause of, 3
_Iridornis_, 575
Iron-smith, 449
Irregular migration, 17 f.
_Irrisor_, 397;
_I. bollii_, 397;
_I. erythrorhynchus_, 397;
_I. jacksoni_, 397;
_I. viridis_, 397
Irrisorinae, 390, 397;
habits, 397
Irruptions of Sand-Grouse, 322, 324, 325
Ischium, 9, 9
Island Hen, 244
_Ispidina_, 386;
_I. madagascariensis_, 386
_Ithagenes_, 198, 200, 217;
buries itself in snow, 218;
_I. cruentus_, 217;
_I. geoffroyi_, 218;
_I. sinensis_, 218
_Ixocincla_, 504, 505
Iynginae, 457, 464 f.
_Iyngipicus_, 458, 462;
_I. obsoletus_, 462
_Iynx aequatorialis_, 465;
_I. pectoralis_, 465;
_I. pulchricollis_, 465;
_I. torquilla_, 465, 465
Jabiru, 98
Jacamar, 445 f.;
habits, 446
_Jacamaralcyon_, 445, 446;
_J. tridactyla_, 446
_Jacamerops_, 445;
_J. grandis_, 445, 446
Jaçana, 268, 297 f.;
habits, 299 f.;
Indian, 299
Jackass, 57, 384, 386
Jackdaw, 553-556
Jacobin, 436
Jaws, 5 f., 11 f.
Jay, 552-556;
Blue, 554, 555;
Green, 554;
Siberian, 554
Jean-le-blanc, 153
Jenner, on Cuckoo, 354;
on bones of Solitaire, 331
Jerdon, on Indian Darter, 81;
on _Inocotis_, 100 n.;
on Pelican, 85 n.
Johnny Rook, 152
Jugal, 11
Jugulum, 20
_Junco_, 585
Jungle-fowl, Red, 208 f.;
Grey, 209
Jurassic System, Birds from, 2
Kagu, 243, 263 f., 264;
habits, 265;
operculum of nostrils, 11
Kakapo, 366, 366;
breast-bone, 7
Kallege, 213
Kea, 365, 374, 375
Keel of breast-bone, 6, 7
Kelp-Hen, 247;
-Pigeon, 293
Kerr, J. G., on _Erismatura_, 118 n.
Kestrel, 147, 148, 175-177;
Lesser, 175
_Ketupa_, 398-401;
_K. ceylonensis_, 414;
_K. flavipes_, 414;
_K. javanensis_, 414
Kill-deer, 274
King-bird, 474
Kingfisher, 376, 382;
habits, 383;
Belted, 387;
Racquet-tailed, 385;
Stork-billed, 387;
Water-, 382, 383;
Wood-, 382, 384
Kirk, on Honey-guide, 452
Kirombo, 376, 378, 379
Kite, 146, 148, 155, 164, 165;
habits, 168 f.;
Awl-billed, 171;
Black, 170;
Black-winged, 171;
Brahminy, 168;
Everglade, 171;
Mississippi, 171;
Pariah, 170;
Red, 168 f., 169;
Swallow-tailed, 170;
Whistling, 168
Kittiwake, 305;
see Gull, Kittiwake
Kiwi, 26, 38 f., 39;
breast-bone, 7;
feathers, 41;
structure, etc., 38 f.
Knob on bill, 12;
of Anatidae, 111;
of Pigeons, 325
Knot, 281
Koël (= Coël), 356
Labyrinth, 13, 113
Lacrymal, 11
_Lagopus_, 199, 200, 202, 204;
fossil, 241;
_L. albus_, 238 f.;
_L. hemileucurus_, 240;
_L. hyperboreus_, 240;
_L. leucurus_, 240;
_L. mutus_, 240;
_L. rupestris_, 240;
_L. scoticus_, 238 f., 239
_Lalage_, 525, 526
Lamellae, of bill, 12;
on bill of _Anastomus_, 95;
on bill of Anatidae, 111 f.;
on bill of Flamingoes, 105;
on bill of Petrels, 60
Lamenting Bird, 257
Laminiplantar, 468, 496
Lämmergeier, 146, 147, 150, 150, 151;
habits, 151
_Lampornis_, 430, 433; {611}
_L. violicauda_, 433
_Lampribis olivacea_, 101
_Lamprocolius_, 560
_Lamprolia_, 513
_Lampropsar_, 580
_Lamprospiza_, 575
_Lamprotes_, 575
_Lamprothorax_, 548
_Lamprotornis_, 559-561;
_L. caudatus_, 559
Lanceolate, 21
Land-Rail–see Rail, Land-
_Laniarius_, 532, 533;
_L. rubiginosus_, 533
_Laniellus_, 532, 534
Laniidae, 506, 525, 527, 531 f., 567 n.
Laniinae, 534; habits, 535
_Lanio_, 575
_Lanioturdus_, 508, 509
_Lanius_, 532, 534;
fossil, 496;
_L. borealis_, 534;
_L. collurio_, 534;
_L. excubitor_, 534, 534;
_L. ludovicianus_, 534;
_L. minor_, 534;
_L. pomeranus_, 534
_Lanivireo_, 536
Lanner, 179
_Laopteryx_, fossil, 25 n.
Lapwing, Cayenne, 302;
Spur-winged, 276;
Wattled, 274 f.
Lari, 268
Laridae, 59, 268, 300 f.;
young, 304
Larinae, 300, 305;
habits, 302 f.
Lark, 496 f.;
habits, 498;
moult, 5;
Crested, 497;
Meadow-, 580;
Shore-, 496;
Short-toed, 497;
Sky-, 496, 497, 497, 498;
White-winged, 497; Wood-, 496
Laro-Limicoline, 268
_Larus_, 301, 306;
fossil, 315;
_L. affinis_, 307;
_L. argentatus_, 306;
_L. atricilla_, 309;
_L. audouini_, 307;
_L. belcheri_, 308;
_L. brachyrhynchus_, 307;
_L. brunneicephalus_, 308;
_L. bulleri_, 308;
_L. cachinnans_, 307;
_L. californicus_, 307;
_L. canus_, 305, 307;
_L. cirrocephalus_, 308;
_L. crassirostris_, 308;
_L. delawarensis_, 307;
_L. dominicanus_, 307;
_L. franklini_, 304, 309;
_L. fuliginosus_, 308;
_L. fuscus_, 307;
_L. gelastes_, 308;
_L. glaucescens_, 306;
_L. glaucodes_, 308;
_L. glaucus_, 306, 307;
_L. hartlaubi_, 308;
_L. heermani_, 308;
_L. hemprichi_, 308;
_L. ichthyaëtus_, 309, 309;
_L. kumlieni_, 306;
_L. leucophthalmus_, 308;
_L. leucopterus_, 306;
_L. maculipennis_, 302, 308;
_L. marinus_, 307;
_L. melanocephalus_, 309;
_L. minutus_, 303, 309 f.;
_L. modestus_, 308;
_L. nelsoni_, 306;
_L. novae hollandiae_, 308;
_L. occidentalis_, 307;
_L. philadelphia_, 309;
_L. ridibundus_, 308;
_L. saundersi_, 309;
_L. schistisagus_, 307;
_L. scopulinus_, 302, 308;
_L. serranus_, 309;
_L. vegae_, 307
_Larvivora_, 516
Larynx, 13
_Lathria streptophora_, 480
_Laticilla_, 514
Laughing Jackass, 384, 386
_Laurillardia_, fossil, 496
_Lawrencia_, 474
Layard, on Honey-guide, 452 n.;
on _Mycteria_, 96 n.;
on Phaëthon, 73 n.;
on _Rhinochetus_, 265 n.
Leather-head, 568
Legs, 9
Leguat, on Solitaire, 330
_Leistes_, 580
Leiotrichidae, 495
Lek, of Capercaillie, 237
_Lepidogrammus_, 352
_Leptasthenura_, 486
_Lepterodius gularis_, 91
_Leptodon_, 146;
_L. cayennensis_, 173
_Leptopoecile_, 514
_Leptopterus_, 532
_Leptoptila_, 326, 335, 336;
_L. jamaicensis_, 336;
_L. rufinucha_, 336
_Leptoptilus_, 95, 96;
fossil, 99;
_L. crumenifer_, 98;
_L. dubius_, 97;
_L. javanicus_, 98
_Leptornis_, 565
_Leptosoma_, toes, 10;
_L. discolor_, 378, 379
Leptosomatinae, 376, 378;
habits, 379
_Lerwa_, 199;
_L. nivicola_, 230
_Lesbia_, 427, 434;
_L. victoriae_, 434
Lestrange, on Dodo, 330
_Leucopeza_, 573
_Leucophaeus_, 301;
_L. scoresbii_, 306
_Leucopternis_, 167;
_L. ghiesbreghti_, 167;
_L. plumbea_, 167;
_L. princeps_, 167;
_L. schistacea_, 167
_Leucosarcia_, 328;
_L. picata_, 335
_Leucosticte_, 586
L'Herminier, classification, 14
_Lichenops_, 474, 477
_Licmetis_, 364;
_L. nasica_, 364
_Ligurinus chloris_, 584
Lilford, on Francolin, 226 n.
_Limicola platyrhyncha_, 282
Limicolae, 260, 268 f., 322;
bill, 11;
habits, 271 f.
Limicoline Birds, 243
_Limnaëtus_, 160;
_L. alboniger_, 160;
_L. caligatus_, 160;
_L. cirratus_, 160;
_L. gurneyi_, 160;
_L. isidori_, 160;
_L. kieneri_, 160;
_L. lanceolatus_, 160, 172;
_L. nipalensis_, 160;
_L. philippensis_, 160
_Limnatornis_, fossil, 397
_Limnocorax_, 246;
_L. niger_, 249
_Limnocryptes gallinula_, 292
_Limnogeranus_, 254, 256
_Limnophyes_, 484, 487
_Limnornis_, 484, 487
_Limonidromus_, 500
_Limosa_, 286 f.; {612}
fossil, 300;
_L. belgica_, 286 f.;
_L. fedoa_, 287;
_L. hudsonica_, 287;
_L. lapponica_, 287;
_L. melanuroïdes_, 286;
_L. uropygialis_, 287
Limpkin, 243, 256;
habits, 257
Lines of Flight, vi, 18
Linnet, 584-587;
Brown, 585;
Grey, 585;
Red, 585
_Linota cannabina_, 584
_Lioptila_, 504
_Lioptilus_, 506
_Liosceles_, 490
_Liothrix_, 495, 502;
_L. lutea_, 503
Liotriches, 502
Lipauginae, 479 f.
_Lipaugus_, 479, 482
_Lipoa_, 190 f., 194;
_L. ocellata_, 193
_Lissotis_, 260, 262
_Lithophaps ulnaris_, fossil, 350
_Lithornis vulturinus_, fossil, 181
Little Cock, 491
Lloyd, on Capercaillie, 237 n.
Lobed bill, 12
_Lobiophasis_, 199-201;
_L. bulweri_, 214
_Lobipes hyperboreus_, 278 f.
_Lobipluvia_, 275
_Lobivanellus_, 268-270, 274 f.;
_L. albiceps_, 275;
_L. cinereus_, 274;
_L. cucullatus_, 275;
_L. indicus_, 274;
_L. lateralis_, 275;
_L. lobatus_, 275;
_L. malabaricus_, 275;
_L. melanocephalus_, 274 f.;
_L. miles_, 275;
_L. pectoralis_, 274;
_L. senegalensis_, 275;
_L. superciliosus_, 275;
_L. tectus_, 275
_Loboparadisea sericea_, 549
_Lobornis_, 570
_Lobotus_, 526
_Lochmias_, 484;
_L. nematura_, 485
_Locustella_, 514, 517;
_L. luscinioïdes_, 518
_Loddigesia_, 426, 427, 430;
_L. mirabilis_, 437;
its flight, 437
Log-cock, 463
_Lophoaëtus_, 147, 160;
_L. occipitalis_, 160
_Lophoceros_, 390;
_L. nasutus_, 393
_Lophodytes cucullatus_, 115 f.
_Lophogyps_, 143;
_L. occipitalis_, 144
_Lophoictinia_, 146, 147;
_L. isura_, 170
_Lopholaemus_, 326;
_L. antarcticus_, 345
_Lophophaps_, 326, 327;
_L. ferruginea_, 337;
_L. leucogaster_, 337;
_L. plumifera_, 337
_Lophophorus_, 198-200, 203, 215;
_L. impeyanus_, 216;
_L. l'huysi_, 216;
_L. refulgens_, 216;
_L. sclateri_, 200, 216
_Lophopsittacus mauritianus_, fossil, 375
_Lophorhina_, 550;
_L. superba_, 548
_Lophornis_, 439;
_L. ornatus_, 439
_Lophortyx_, 200;
_L. californicus_, 231, 233
_Lophospingus_, 584
_Lophotibis cristata_, 101
_Lophotis_, 262
_Lophotriccus_, 474
_Lophotriorchis_, 160;
_L. kieneri_, 160
_Lophura_, 199, 200, 214 f.;
_L. diardi_, 215;
_L. ignita_, 215;
_L. nobilis_, 215;
_L. praelata_, 215;
_L. vieilloti_, 215
Lore, 20, 21
_Loria loriae_, 549
_Loriculus_, 362, 364, 365;
_L. vernalis_, 368
Loriinae, 362-364, 373
Lorikeet, 364
_Lorius_, 364, 373 f.;
_L. lory_, 374
Loro, 370
Lory, 351, 364, 365;
of South Africa, 361;
King-, 364;
Red, 374;
Swainson's, 373
Love-bird, 364, 368, 370
_Loxia_, 583;
fossil, 496;
_L. curvirostra_, 584
_Loxioïdes_, 562
_Loxops_, 562, 563;
_L. aurea_, 564
Luggur, 179
_Lullula_, 498;
_L. arborea_, 496
_Lunda cirrhata_, 317
_Lycocorax_, 543-545, 550;
_L. pyrrhopterus_, 548
Lydekker, on _Actiornis anglicus_, 86;
on _Colymboïdes_, 50;
on _Diomedea anglica_, 69;
on _Gyps melitensis_, 145 n.;
on _Odontornithes_, 45 f.;
on _Pseudapteryx_, 40;
on "Stereornithes," 44
_Lyncornis_, 416
Lyre-bird, 491 f., 492;
habits, 493
Lyrie, 68
_Lyrurus_, 199, 200, 202;
_L. mlokosiewiczi_, 238;
_L. tetrix_, 201, 237 f.;
hybrids, 238