species; figures in thick type refer to an illustration; f. = and in
following page or pages; n. = note.
Abbott, on Penguins, 57 n., 59 n.
_Abdimia abdimii_, 99
Abdomen, 20
Abou-Hannes, 102
_Aburria_, 195;
_A. carunculata_, 197
_Acanthidositta_, 472;
_A. chloris_, 472, 545
_Acanthiza_, 355, 514, 518
_Acanthochaera_, 566
_Acanthopneuste_, 514
_Acanthoptila_, 502
_Acanthorhynchus_, 565
_Accentor_, 509, 510;
_A. collaris_, 512;
_A. modularis_, 512
Accentor, alpine, 512, 517
Accentorinae, 509
_Accipiter_, 156, 157;
plumage of young, 157;
_A. bicolor_, 158;
_A. chilensis_, 159;
_A. chionogaster_, 158;
_A. cirrocephalus_, 159;
_A. collaris_, 159;
_A. cooperi_, 159;
_A. erythrauchen_, 158;
_A. erythrocnemis_, 158;
_A. fuscus_, 159;
_A. guttatus_, 159;
_A. hartlaubi_, 158;
_A. madagascariensis_, 159;
_A. melanoleucus_, 158;
_A. minullus_, 159;
_A. nisoïdes_, 158;
_A. nisus_, 157, 158;
_A. ovampensis_, 158;
_A. pectoralis_, 159;
_A. pileatus_, 150, 159;
_A. rhodogaster_, 158;
_A. rubricollis_, 158;
_A. rufiventris_, 158;
_A. subniger_, 159;
_A. tinus_, 159;
_A. ventralis_, 158;
_A. virgatus_, 158
Accipitres, 137 f., 140 f., 397;
cere, 11;
claws on manus, 48;
powder-down, 147
Accipitrinae, 146, 147, 153
Accipitrine, 141, 146, 156, 157
_Aceros_, 390;
_A. nipalensis_, 393
_Acestrura_, 438
Acetabulum, 9, 9
_Acomus_, 199, 215;
_A. erythrophthalmus_, 215;
_A. inornatus_, 215;
_A. pyronotus_, 215
_Acredula_, 538-541
_Acridotheres_, 559-561;
_A. cristatellus_, 559
_Acrocephalus_, 515-518
Acromyodi, 467
_Acropternis_, 490
_Acrulocercus_, 564-567;
_A. apicalis_, 565;
_A. bishopi_, 565;
_A. braccatus_, 565;
_A. nobilis_, 565
_Acryllium_, 199, 201;
_A. vulturinum_, 204
_Actiornis anglicus_, fossil, 86
_Actitis hypoleucus_, 286;
_A. macularius_, 286
Adams, on _Tringa maculata_, 281 n.
_Adelomyia_, 427
Adjutant, 96, 97
_Aechmophorus_, 49;
_A. major_, 53;
_A. occidentalis_, 53
_Aechmorhynchus cancellatus_, 283;
_A. parvirostris_, 283
_Aedon_, 517, 518
_Aedonopsis_, 513
_Aegialitis_, 268, 269;
_A. asiatica_, 274;
_A. bicincta_, 274;
_A. bifrontata_, 274;
_A. cantiana_, 273;
_A. curonica_, 273;
_A. falklandica_, 271;
_A. hiaticola_, 273, 273;
_A. monachus_, 274;
_A. nivosa_, 274;
_A. novae zealandiae_, 274;
_A. placida_, 274;
_A. sanctae helenae_, 274;
_A. semipalmata_, 274;
_A. vocifera_, 274
_Aegialornis_, fossil, 315, 426
_Aegiothus rufescens_, 584
_Aegithalus_, 538-540
_Aegithina_, 505, 506
_Aegotheles_, 415, 417, 419;
_A. wallacii_, 417
_Aeluredus_, 550, 551;
_A. maculosus_, 551;
_A. viridis_, 549, 551
_Aepyornis_, 43 f.
Aepyornithes, 26, 43 f.
Aepyornithidae, structure, etc., 43 f.
_Aepypodius_, 190 f.;
_A. arfakianus_, 192;
_A. bruijni_, 192
_Aesacus magnirostris_, 297; {590}
_A. recurvirostris_, 297
_Aesalon columbarius_, 178;
_A. regulus_, 177;
_A. ruficollis_, 178;
_A. typus_, 178
_Aethiopsar_, 561
_Aethopyga_, 569
_Aethorhynchus_, 504-506
_Aex_, 111, 112;
_A. galericulata_, 114, 133;
_A. sponsa_, 133
Aftershaft, of feathers, origin of, 3;
absent, in Alcedinidae, 383;
in _Apteryx_, 39;
in Hornbill, 390;
in _Mesites_, 187;
in Ostrich, 27;
in Owls, 399;
in _Pandion_, 180;
in Rheidae, 30;
in Struthionidae, 27
Agami, 258
_Agamia agami_, 91 f.
_Agapornis_, 364, 368;
_A. cana_, 368;
_A. pullaria_, 368;
_A. roseicollis_, 368;
_A. taranta_, 368
Agelaeinae, 579 f.
_Agelaeus_, 581;
_A. phoeniceus_, 580
_Agelastes_, 201;
_A. meleagrides_, 205
_Aglaeactis_, 437
_Agnopterus_, fossil, 108
_Agriornis_, 473, 475
Air-cells, in _Sula_, 72
Air-sac, 21;
in Tetraoninae, 201
_Aithurus_, 426, 430;
_A. polytmus_, 433, 433
_Ajaja_, young, 105;
_A. rosea_, 105
Ala, 21
_Alaemon_, 497, 498;
_A. alaudipes_, 497
Alar bar, 21
Alaska, to which region belonging? 16
_Alauda_, 497;
_A. arvensis_, 496, 497
Alaudidae, 494, 496 f.;
habits, 498
_Alaudula raytal_, 498
Albatros, 59 f., 61-63, 81, 148;
Wandering, 63 f., 64
Albinism, its cause, 4 n.
_Alca_, 315, 320;
_A. impennis_, 315, 320, 321;
_A. torda_, 320 f.
Alcae, 268, 315 f.
Alcedinidae, 376, 382 f.;
habits, 383 f.
Alcedininae, 382, 386
_Alcedo_, 383;
_A. beryllina_, 387;
_A. ispida_, 387
Alcidae, 49, 268, 315 f.;
bill-sheath and outgrowth shed, 5 n., 317 f.;
habits, 315 f.
_Alcippe_, 503
_Alcurus_, 504
_Alcyone_, 383, 384;
toes, 10, 383;
_A. azurea_, 386
Alectorides, 243
_Alectoroenas_, 326, 346;
_A. madagascariensis_, 346;
_A. nitidissima_, 346;
_A. pulcherrima_, 346;
_A. rodericana_, fossil, 350;
_A. sganzini_, 346
Alectoromorphae, 182
Alectoropodes, 186
_Alectrurus_, 473, 475, 477;
_A. risorius_, 473, 474;
_A. tricolor_, 473, 475
_Alethe_, 513
_Aletornis_, fossil, 256
Alexandrine–see Parrot
Alisphenoid, 11
Allantois, 21
Altham, E. and H., on Dodo, 330
Altrices, 21
Alucinae, 398 n.
Alula spuria, 9, 20
Amadavat, 577
_Amaurornis_, 249;
_A. phoenicura_, 249
_Amazilia_, 435;
_A. cyanura_, 435;
_A. pristina_, 435
_Amblyornis_, 551;
_A. flavifrons_, 549;
_A. inornata_, 549, 551 f.;
_A. subalaris_, 549, 552
_Amblyospiza_, 577
Âme damnée, 66
Ameghino, on "Stereornithes," 44
_Ammodramus_, 583, 586
_Ammomanes_, 497, 498
_Ammoperdix_, 202;
_A. bonhami_, 228;
_A. cholmleyi_, viii;
_A. heyi_, 228
Amnion, 21
_Ampeliceps_, 559
Ampelidae, 529 f.
_Ampelion_, 480
_Ampelis_, 529;
_A. cedrorum_, 530;
_A. garrulus_, 529, 530;
_A. phoenicoptera_, 530
Amphicoelous, 6
Amphimorphae, 105
_Amphipelargus_, fossil, 99
_Amurolimnas_, 244
_Amytis_, 517
_Anaeretes_, 474
Analogous, meaning, 5
_Anarhynchus_, 268;
_A. frontalis_, 274, 274
_Anas_, 112;
fossil, 136;
_A. aberti_, 127;
_A. boscas_, 114, 127;
skull, 11;
_A. cristata_, 128;
_A. diazi_, 127;
_A. fulvigula_, 127;
_A. laysanensis_, 127;
_A. luzonica_, 127;
_A. maculosa_, 127;
_A. melleri_, 127;
_A. obscura_, 127;
_A. poecilorhyncha_, 127;
_A. sparsa_, 127;
_A. specularis_, 128;
_A. superciliosa_, 127;
_A. undulata_, 127;
_A. wyvilliana_, 127;
_A. zonorhyncha_, 127
_Anastomus_, 95, 97;
sifting apparatus of bill, 12;
_A. lamelligerus_, 97;
_A. oscitans_, 97
Anatidae, 108, 111 f.;
habits, 113 f.;
shed wing-quills simultaneously, 4;
young, 114
Anatinae, 111, 112, 123
_Ancistrops_, 484
_Andigena_, 456;
_A. bailloni_, 456;
_A. laminirostris_, 453, 456
Andrews, on _Aepyornis_ and _Mullerornis_, 43 n.;
on fossils from Madagascar, 136, 137 n.; {591}
on "Stereornithes," 44
_Androdon_, 426;
_A. aequatorialis_, 432 f.
_Andropadus_, 504
Angular, 11
Ani, 359;
habits, 359;
White, 359
Anna, 242
_Anodorhynchus_, 364, 371
Anomalopteryginae, 42
_Anomalopteryx_, viii, 42;
_A. parva_, 42
_Anomalornis_, viii
_Anorhinus_, 391
_Anous_, 301, 303;
_A. caeruleus_, 311;
_A. cinereus_, 311;
_A. galapagensis_, 311;
_A. hawaiiensis_, 311;
_A. leucocapillus_, 311;
_A. stolidus_, 310;
_A. tenuirostris_, 311
_Anseranas_, 111-113;
_A. semipalmata_, 135
Anseranatinae, 111, 135
Anseres, 108 f., 110 f., 112;
bill-sheath, 11;
claws on manus, 48;
fossil, 136;
fusion of tracheal rings, 13;
lamellae of bill, 12;
_A. albifrons_, 132;
_A. brachyrhynchus_, 132;
_A. cinereus_, 132;
_A. erythropus_, 132;
_A. gambeli_, 132;
_A. grandis_, 132;
_A. indicus_, 132;
_A. middendorfi_, 132;
_A. rubrirostris_, 132;
_A. segetum_, 132
Anseriformes, 70, 108 f.
Anserinae, 111, 112, 131 f.
Ant-bird, 488 f.
Anterior limbs, 8
_Antigone australasiana_, 252, 254;
_A. collaris_, 254
Anthinae, 494, 498 f.;
habits, 500 f.
_Anthobaphes_, 569
_Anthocincla_, 469;
_A. phayrii_, 470
_Anthornis_, 565, 567
_Anthracoceros coronatus_, 395;
_A. malabaricus_, 391
_Anthropoïdes_, 252;
_A. virgo_, 255 f.
_Anthus_, 499;
_A. antarcticus_, 499;
_A. bertheloti_, 499;
_A. bogotensis_, 499;
_A. campestris_, 500;
_A. cervinus_, 500;
_A. chloris_, 500;
_A. correndera_, 501;
_A. obscurus_, 500;
_A. pratensis_, 500;
_A. richardi_, 500;
_A. rosaceus_, 500;
_A. rufulus_, 501;
_A. spipoletta_, 500;
_A. tenellus_, 500;
_A. trivialis_, 500
_Antrostomus carolinensis_, 417;
_A. vociferus_, 417
_Anumbius_, 484, 487, 525;
_A. acuticaudus_, 477;
nest, 487
_Apatornis celer_, 49
_Aphanapteryx_, 244;
_A. broecki_, fossil, 251
_Aphelocoma_, 554
_Aphobus_, 579, 580
_Aphriza virgata_, 276
_Aplonis_, 559, 561
_Aprosmictus_, 364
_Aptenodytes_, 55;
_A. forsteri_, 55, 56;
_A. patagonica_, 57;
_A. pennanti_, 56
Apteria, or unfeathered spaces, 2
Apteryges, 26, 38 f.;
finger, 9
Apterygidae, structure, etc., 38 f.
Apterygiformes, of Parker, 38
_Apteryx_, 182;
feathers, 41;
pelvis, 9;
_A. australis_, 39, 39;
_A. haasti_, 39;
_A. lawryi_, 39;
_A. mantelli_, 39;
_A. maximus_, 39;
_A. occidentalis_, sub-species, 39;
_A. oweni_, 39
_Aptornis_, 244;
_A. defossor_, fossil, 251;
_A. otidiformis_, fossil, 251
_Aquila_, 146-148, 160, 161 f.;
fossil, 181;
_A. adalberti_, 163;
_A. chrysaëtus_, 161;
_A. clanga_, 162;
_A. fulvescens_, 163;
_A. hastata_, 162;
_A. mogilnik_, 163;
_A. naevioïdes_, 163;
_A. nipalensis_, 162;
_A. pomarina_, 162;
_A. rapax_, 163;
_A. verreauxi_, 163;
_A. vindhiana_, 163;
_A. wahlbergi_, 162
Aquilinae, 146, 159 f.
Aquiline, 147
_Ara_, 363, 364, 371;
_A. ararauna_, 371;
_A. chloroptera_, 371;
_A. macao_, 371;
_A. militaris_, 371;
_A. severa_, 371
Arabia, to which Region belonging? 16
Araçari, 456
_Arachnothera_, 569;
_A. chrysogenys_, 569;
_A. magna_, 570
Aramidae, 243, 256 f.;
habits, 257
_Aramides_, 247;
_A. ypecaha_, 247 f.
_Aramus pictus_, 256 f.;
_A. scolopaceus_, 257
_Arboricola_, 199, 222;
_A. ardens_, 222;
_A. chloropus_, 222;
_A. javanica_, 222;
_A. torqueola_, 222
Arch of vertebra, 6
_Archaeopteryx_, 2;
claws, 9;
fingers, 9;
rib, 6;
teeth, 12;
vertebrae, 6;
_A. lithographica_, 23 f., 24;
_A. macrura_, 25;
_A. siemensi_, viii
Archaeornithes, a sub-class, 23 f.;
difference from Neornithes, 25
_Archibuteo_, 147, 164;
_A. ferrugineus_, 164;
_A. hemiptilopus_, 164;
_A. lagopus_, 164;
_A. sancti johannis_, 164;
_A. strophiatus_, 164
Arctogaea, 15
_Arctonetta_, 114;
_A. fischeri_, 119
_Ardea_, 91;
fossil, 95;
young, 93;
_A. agami_, 91 f.;
_A. alba_, 92;
_A. ardesiaca_, 91;
_A. asha_, 91;
_A. bubulcus_, 88, 91;
_A. caerulea_, 91;
_A. candidissima_, 92;
_A. cinerea_, 92, 93;
_A. cocoi_, 93;
_A. coromanda_, 91;
_A. egretta_, 92;
_A. garzetta_, 92;
_A. goliath_, 89, 93;
_A. greyi_, 91;
_A. gularis_, 91;
_A. herodias_, 93;
_A. nigripes_, 92;
_A. occidentalis_, 93;
_A. pacifica_, 91;
_A. pealii_, 91;
_A. picata_, 91;
_A. purpurea_, 93;
_A. ralloïdes_, 91;
_A. rufa_, 91;
_A. sacra_, 91;
_A. tricolor_, 91;
_A. würdemanni_, 93 n.
Ardeae, 70 f., 86 f.
Ardeidae, 70, 86 f.;
habits, 87 f.
Ardeinae, 86
_Ardeola ralloïdes_, 91 {592}
_Ardetta_, 87, 88, 89;
_A. cinnamomea_, 89;
_A. minuta_, 89
_Argillornis_, fossil, 86
_Argus_, 199;
_A. ocellatus_, 208
Argus, 217
_Argusianus_, 199, 200;
_A. argus_, 207;
_A. bipunctatus_, 207;
_A. greyi_, 207
_Argya_, 502-504
_Arses_, 507
_Artamia_, 533;
_A. bicolor_, 533;
_A. leucocephala_, 533
Artamidae, 530 f.
_Artamides_, 525
_Artamus_, 494, 531;
powder-down, 531
Articular, 11;
process of vertebra, 6
_Arundinax_, 513
_Asarcornis_, 112;
_A. scutulata_, 134
_Asio_, 399, 401-403;
fossil, 415;
_A. accipitrinus_, 400, 406 f.;
_A. americanus_, 406;
_A. capensis_, 406;
_A. grammicus_, 406;
_A. madagascariensis_, 406;
_A. mexicanus_, 406;
_A. otus_, 402, 406;
_A. stygius_, 406;
_A. wilsonianus_, 406
_Aspatha_, 380;
_A. gularis_, 381
_Asthenopterus minutus_, fossil, 181
_Astrapia_, 544, 549, 550;
_A. nigra_, 545;
_A. splendidissima_, 545;
_A. stephaniae_, 544, 546
_Astur_, 156, 166;
_A. alphonsi_, fossil, 181;
_A. atricapillus_, 157;
_A. badius_, 156 f.;
_A. brutus_, 157;
_A. cinereus_, 157;
_A. franciscae_, 157;
_A. hensti_, 157;
_A. leucosomus_, 157;
_A. novae hollandiae_, 156, 157;
_A. palumbarius_, 156;
_A. pusillus_, 157;
_A. tachiro_, 156 f.;
_A. trinotatus_, 157;
_A. trivirgatus_, 157
_Asturina_, 166 f.;
_A. nitida_, 167;
_A. plagiata_, 166 f.
_Asturinula monogrammica_, 156
_Asyndesmus torquatus_, 461
_Atelornis_, 378;
_A. crossleyi_, 378;
_A. pittoïdes_, 378
Atlas, 5, 390
Atmore, on Secretary-bird, 142
_Atrichornis_, 491, 493;
_A. clamosa_, 493;
_A. rufescens_, 493
Atrichornithidae, 491, 493
_Attagis chimborazensis_, 296;
_A. gayi_, 296;
_A. malouina_, 296
_Atticora_, 523;
_A. cyanoleuca_, 525
_Attila_, 479
Attilinae, 479 f.
Audubon, on Humming-birds, 432
_Augastes_, 432;
_A. lumachellus_, 432
Auk, 49, 54, 268, 315 f., 316;
habits, 315 f.;
Great, 315, 317, 320, 321;
Little, 316, 321;
Parrot, 318;
Razorbill–see Razorbill
Auklet, Cassin's, 318;
Crested, 318;
Knob-billed, 317;
Least, 317, 318;
Rhinoceros, 317 f.;
Whiskered, 318
_Aulacorhamphus_, 453, 456 f.;
_A. prasinus_, 455;
_A. wagleri_, 455
_Aulia_, 480
Auriculars, 20
_Auriparus_, 538-540
Australasia, as a Region, 15
Australian Region, 15 f.;
its contents, 16
Austro-Columbia, 15
Austro-Coraces, 531 n., 557 n.
Autumn moult, 4 f.
Aves, as a Class, 23
Avestruz, 30
Avocet, 278
_Avocetta_, 268
_Avocettula recurvirostris_, 433
Axis, 5
Azara, on Toucan, 454
Back, 20
_Badiostes_, fossil, 415
Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, on _Rhynchops_, 304 n.;
on _Melanerpes_, 461 n.
Baker, 486
_Balaeniceps_, 86, 87;
_B. rex_, 93, 94
Balaenicipitinae, 86
_Balearica_, 251, 252;
_B. chrysopelargus_, 256;
_B. gibbericeps_, 256;
_B. pavonina_, 255, 256
_Bambusicola fytchii_, 218;
_B. sonorivox_, 219;
_B. thoracica_, 219
_Baptornis_, 25, 46, 47
_Barbatula_, 450;
_B. minuta_, 450;
_B. pusilla_, 449
Barbet, 445, 448 f.;
habits, 448 f.
Barbicels, 3
Barbs, 2, 3;
absence of, 3
Barbules, 2, 3
Bargander, 128
Barrel of feathers, or quill, 3
Barrère, on _Trochilus_, 426
Barrett-Hamilton, on _Sterna longipennis_, 313 n.
Bartlett, A. D., on _Catheturus_, 192 n.;
on Flamingo ejecting blood-like liquid, 86 n.;
on Hornbill, 392 n.;
on moult of Penguin, 55 n.;
on _Plotus_, 81 n.;
on _Rhinochetus_, 263 n., 265 n.
Bartlett, E., on _Furnarius_, 486;
on _Mesites_, 187
_Bartramia longicauda_, 285 f.
_Baryphthengus_, 380
_Basileuterus_, 574
_Basilornis_, 559
Basitemporal, 11
Bastard wing, 9, 20
_Batara_, 488, 489
Bates, on _Eurypyga_, 266;
on Humming-birds, 432
_Batis_, 509
_Batrachostomus_, 415-417, 419
_Baza_, 146, 173;
_B. borneensis_, 173;
_B. ceylonensis_, 173;
_B. cuculoïdes_, 173;
_B. erythrothorax_, 173; {593}
_B. leucopais_, 173;
_B. lophotes_, 173;
_B. madagascariensis_, 173;
_B. magnirostris_, 173;
_B. reinwardti_, 173;
_B. rufa_, 173;
_B. subcristata_, 173;
_B. sumatrensis_, 173;
_B. timorlaensis_, 173;
_B. verreauxi_, 173
Beak, 11 f.
Bearcoot, 162
Beddard, on trachea of Paradise-bird, 545 n.;
on _Zosterops_, 568
Bee-eater, 376, 387 f., 389;
habits, 388;
Blue-tailed, 389
Belding, on Harlequin Duck, 120
Bell-bird, 482, 482, 567, 567 n.
Belly, 20
Bendire, on habits of _Canachites_, 236
_Berenicornis_, 391, 393;
_B. comatus_, 393
Bergut, 162
Berlepsch, on Humming-birds, 432
_Bernicla_, 131;
_B. brenta_, 131;
_B. canadensis_, 131 f.;
_B. hutchinsi_, 132;
_B. leucopsis_, 131;
_B. minima_, 132;
_B. nigricans_, 131;
_B. occidentalis_, 132;
_B. ruficollis_, 131, 132
_Bernieria_, 503
Bevies, 221
_Bhringa_, 528
Bhund-Moorg, 208
_Bias_, 506
Biconcave vertebrae, in _Ichthyornis_, and probably in _Archaeopteryx_,
6, 49;
perhaps in _Enaliornis_, 49
Bill, 11 f.;
arched, 12;
of _Balaeniceps_ and _Cancroma_, 86;
scissor-like, 12;
wedge-like, 12
Bill-sheath, 11;
in _Chionis_, 268;
nature of, 2 n.;
shed, in Auks, 317, 318
Bird, definition, 1;
differences from other Vertebrata, 1 f.;
derivation from Reptiles, 14
Bird of Paradise, 543 f.;
D'Albertis', 544;
fables concerning, 543;
habits, 550 f.;
Great, 546;
Long-tailed, 546;
King, 547;
Magnificent, 547;
Twelve-wired, 545;
Red, 546;
Six-wired, 547 f., 548
Birds'-nest soup, 423
Birds of passage, 17
Birds of prey, 108;
cere, 11;
moult, 5
Birds of the Gods, 543
Bittern, 70, 90;
habits, 87 f.;
Common, 89;
Little, 88
_Biziura_, 111, 114;
fossil, 136;
_B. lobata_, 117, 117
_Blacicus_, 474
Blackbird, 510, 515
Blackburn, on Cuckoo, 354
Black-Cock, 237 f.
Black Witch, 359
Blake, on Flamingo, 107
Blight-bird, 568
Blind-sacs, 12
Blue-bird, Fairy, 505
Blue colour in birds, its nature, 3 n.
Blue Darr, 314
Blue-eye, 568
Blue-throat, 512, 516
Boatswain-bird, 72
Boat-tail, 580
Bobolink, 580
Bob-White, 204, 232
_Bonasa_, 199, 201;
_B. griseiventris_, 233 f.;
_B. severtzovi_, 234;
_B. sylvestris_, 233;
_B. umbellus_, 233
Bontekoe, figure of _Didus borbonicus_, 330
Bonxie, 304
Booby, 74, 82
Booted, 10
_Bostrychia carunculata_, 102
_Botaurus_, 87, 88;
_B. lentiginosus_, 89;
_B. pinnatus_, 89;
_B. poeciloptilus_, 89;
_B. stellaris_, 89
Bourdons, 426
Bower-bird, 543, 548 f., 550;
habits, 551 f.;
Satin–see Satin-bird
_Brachygalba_, 446;
_B. albigularis_, 445;
_B. melanosterna_, 445
_Brachypteracias_, 378;
_B. leptosomus_, 378
_Brachypteryx_, 502
_Brachyrhamphus craveri_, 319;
_B. hypoleucus_, 319;
_B. kittlitzi_, 318;
_B. marmoratus_, 318
Bradypteri, of Sharpe, 513
_Bradypterus_, 514
Brambling, 584
_Branta_, fossil, 136
Breast, 20
Breast-bone, 6
Brewer–see Baird
Brigade, vi (Preface)
Brisson, on _Bucco_ (including Barbet), 448;
on Strigidae, 398 n.
Bristle-feathers, 3
Bristles, nature of, 2 n.
Broad-bill, 467; habits, 469
Broderip, on Toucan, 454 n.
Brodrick–see Salvin, F. H.
Bromvogel, 392
Bronchi, 13
Bronchial syrinx, 21
Bronn's Thier-reich, 14, 23
_Brontornis_, 45;
_B. burmeisteri_, 45
Bronze-wing–see Pigeon
Brown colour in birds, its nature, 3 n.
_Buarremon_, 575, 576
_Bubo_, 398-403;
fossil, 415;
_B. abyssinicus_, 414;
_B. ascalaphus_, 414;
_B. bengalensis_, 414;
_B. blakistoni_, 414;
_B. capensis_, 414;
_B. cinerascens_, 414;
_B. coromandus_, 403, 414;
_B. dorriesi_, 414;
_B. ignavus_, 413 f.;
_B. lacteus_, 414;
_B. lettii_, 414;
_B. leucostictus_, 414;
_B. maculosus_, 414;
_B. magellanicus_, 414;
_B. milesi_, 414; {594}
_B. nigrescens_, 414;
_B. nipalensis_, 414;
_B. orientalis_, 414;
_B. philippensis_, 414;
_B. poënsis_, 414;
_B. shelleyi_, 414;
_B. turcomanus_, 413;
_B. virginianus_, 402, 414
Buboninae, 398, 404
_Bucco_, 447, 448;
_B. bicinctus_, 447;
_B. chacuru_, 447;
_B. collaris_, 447;
_B. dysoni_, 447;
_B. hyperrhynchus_, 447, 447;
_B. maculatus_, 447;
_B. striatipectus_, 447
Bucconinae, 445, 446 f.
_Buceros_, 390;
_B. rhinoceros_, 395
Bucerotidae, 376, 390 f.;
habits, 390
Bucerotinae, 390
_Buchanga leucogenys_, 528;
_B. atra_, mimicry, 529;
_B. waldeni_, 528
Buck–see Chapman
Buckley, T. E., on Red Grouse, 238 n.
_Bucorax_, 395
Bucorvinae, 395
_Bucorvus_, 390, 392, 393, 395;
_B. abyssinicus_, 392, 395;
_B. cafer_, 392, 395
Budgerigar, 367
Buffel-head, 121
_Bugeranus_, 252, 255
Bulbul, 504 f.;
habits, 505 f.;
of poets, 506
Bulla ossea, 13, 113
Bull-bat, 416
Buller, on Meliphagidae, 568 n.;
on _Phalacrocorax_, 77;
on _Spheniscus minor_, 57 n.;
on _Stringops_, 367 n.
Bullfinch, 584, 586
_Bulweria_, 60;
_B. bulweri_, 67;
_B. macgillivrayi_, 67
Bunting, 578, 579, 582 f.;
Corn-, 584, 586;
Ortolan, 584;
Painted, 585;
Reed-, 584;
Snow-, 584, 585;
Yellow Hammer, 584
_Buphaga_, 559
_Buphus bubulcus_, 91
Burgomaster, 306
_Busarellus_, 146;
_B. nigricollis_, 168
Bustard, 170, 243, 260 f.;
habits, 262 f.;
Great, 261-263, 261;
Little, 262, 263;
Ruffed, 262
_Butastur indicus_, sub-species, 167;
_B. liventer_, 167;
_B. rufipennis_, 167;
_B. teesa_, 167
_Buteo_, 146, 164 f., 166, 172;
fossil, 181;
_B. abbreviatus_, 166;
_B. albicaudatus_, 166;
_B. augur_, 166;
_B. auguralis_, 166;
_B. borealis_, 166;
_B. brachypterus_, 166;
_B. desertorum_, 165 f.;
_B. exsul_, 166;
_B. ferox_, 166;
_B. galapagensis_, 166;
_B. jakal_, 165, 166;
_B. leucocephalus_, 166;
_B. plumipes_, 166;
_B. poliosomus_, 166;
_B. solitarius_, 165;
_B. swainsoni_, 166;
_B. vulgaris_, 165, 166
_Buteogallus aequinoctialis_, 168
_Buteola brachyura_, 166;
_B. leucorrhoa_, 166
Buteoninae, 146, 164 f.
_Buthraupis_, 575
_Butorides_, 88-90;
_B. atricapilla_, 90;
_B. mauritianus_, fossil, 95;
_B. virescens_, 90
_Butreron capellii_, 349
Buzzard, 146, 148, 160, 162, 164 f., 169, 170;
habits, 165;
Common, 165;
Honey, 148, 172;
Rough-legged, 164
_Bycanistes buccinator_, 393
_Cabalus_, 244-246;
_C. modestus_, 246, 247;
_C. (Ocydromus) sylvestris_, 245
Cabanis, classification, 14;
on classification by song-muscles, 466
_Cacatua_, 362-364;
_C. galerita_, 364, 372;
_C. leadbeateri_, 372, 372;
_C. roseicapilla_, 372
Cacatuinae, 362 f., 364, 372 f.
_Caccabis_, 198, 202;
_C. chukar_, 228;
_C. magna_, 228;
_C. melanocephala_, 228;
_C. petrosa_, 228;
_C. rufa_, 228;
_C. saxatilis_, 228;
_C. spatzi_, 228
Cachalote, 487
_Cacomantis passerinus_, 355;
_C. virescens_, 355
_Cactornis_, 583, 585, 586
Caeca, 12
_Caica melanocephala_, 369
_Cairina_, 111;
_C. moschata_, 134
_Calamospiza_, 586
Calamus, 3
_Calandrella_, 497, 498;
_C. brachydactyla_, 497
_Calandria_, 519
Calao, 390
_Calcarius_, 583
_Calicalicus_, 531-533
_Calidris_, 269;
_C. arenaria_, 282
_Callaeas_, 552, 553;
_C. cinerea_, 556 f.;
_C. wilsoni_, 557
_Callene_, 513
_Calliope_, 509;
_C. camtschatcensis_, 512;
_C. pectoralis_, 512;
_C. tschebaiewi_, 512
_Callipepla_, 200;
_C. squamata_, 230
_Callisitta_, 537
_Calliste_, 575
_Callocephalon galeatum_, 373
Calloo, 120
_Calochaetes_, 575
_Calocitta_, 552, 554
_Calodromas_, 183;
_C. elegans_, 185
_Caloenas_, 326-328;
_C. nicobarica_, 334;
_C. pelewensis_, 334
Caloenatinae, 325
_Calopelia puella_, 338
_Caloperdix_, 199;
_C. borneensis_, 221;
_C. oculea_, 221
_Calopezus_, 182;
_C. elegans_, 185
_Calopsittacus novae hollandiae_, 373
_Calorhamphus_, 448;
_C. fuliginosus_, 450;
_C. hayi_, 450
_Calornis_, 561, 562 {595}
_Calothorax lucifer_, 438
_Calypte annae_, 438;
_C. costae_, 438;
_C. helenae_, 438
_Calyptomena_, 468, 469;
_C. viridis_, 468;
_C. whiteheadi_, 468
_Calyptorhynchus_, 364, 373
_Calyptura_, 479, 480
_Camarhynchus_, 583, 585, 586
_Camascelus_, fossil, 300
Campanero, 482
_Campechaera_, 525, 526
_Campephaga_, 525, 526
Campephagidae, 494, 525 f., 531;
habits, 526 f.
_Campethera_, 460;
_C. punctata_, 460
_Campophilus_, 463;
_C. principalis_, 463
_Camptolaemus_, 114;
_C. labradorius_, 119
_Campylopterus_, 435
_Campylorhynchus_, 521, 522
_Canace canadensis_, 236
_Canachites canadensis_, 236;
_C. franklini_, 236
Canary, 585, 586;
Cape-, 585
_Cancroma_, 86, 87;
_C. cochlearia_, 90 f.;
_C. zeledoni_, 91
_Canirallus kioloïdes_, 248
Cannon-bone, 9
Cape-Hen, 67;
-Penguin, 57;
-Pigeon, 61, 66
Capercaillie, 202, 203, 236
_Capito_, 448, 449, 451;
_C. niger_, 451;
_C. salvini_, 451
Capitonidae, 445, 448 f.
Capitoninae, 448 f.;
habits, 448 f.
Capitulum of rib, 6
Caprimulgi, 376, 398, 415 f.;
toes, 415
Caprimulgidae, 172, 415, 417 f.;
habits, 416 f.
Caprimulginae, 415, 418;
toes, 10, 415
_Caprimulgus_, operculum of nostrils, 11;
_C. aegyptius_, 418;
_C. europaeus_, 418, 418;
_C. parvulus_, 415;
_C. ruficollis_, 418
_Capsiempis_, 473;
_C. orbitalis_, 474
Caracara, 152
Carancho, 152, 153
Carau, 257
_Carcineutes_, 383;
_C. pulchellus_, 386
_Cardellina_, 574
Cardinal, 585, 586
_Cardinalis_, 583-585
_Carduelis_, 583;
_C. elegans_, 584
_Cariama_, 44, 110, 258, 260;
_C. cristata_, 258, 259
Cariamidae, 243, 258 f.;
habits, 259 f.
Carina, 6
Carinatae, meaning, 6;
a subdivision of Neornithes, 23 f.
_Carine_, 400, 401, 403;
_C. bactriana_, 411;
_C. brama_, 411;
_C. glaux_, 402;
_C. noctua_, 403, 410 f.;
_C. plumipes_, 411;
_C. spilogastra_, 411;
_C. superciliaris_, 411
Carpal spurs in Palamedeidae, 109
_Carphibis_, 99;
_C. spinicollis_, 102
_Carpococcyx radiatus_, 358, 358;
_C. viridis_, 358
_Carpodacus_, 585
_Carpodectes_, 479, 480
Carpometacarpus, 8
_Carpophaga_, 327, 328, 345;
_C. aenea_, 345;
_C. basilica_, 345;
_C. concinna_, 345;
_C. cuprea_, 345;
_C. griseipectus_, 345;
_C. latrans_, 326, 345;
_C. pacifica_, 345;
_C. pinon_, 345;
_C. poecilorrhoa_, 345;
_C. rubricera_, 345 f.;
_C. zoeae_, 345
Carpus, 8, 8, 22
Carré, on _Didus borbonicus_, 330
Carrion-Crow, 140
Carrion-Hawk, 137, 146, 151 f., 153
_Casarca cana_, 129;
_C. rutila_, 129;
_C. tadornoïdes_, 129;
_C. variegata_, 129
Cashew-bird, 197
Casque, of Cassowary, 33 f.
Cassicinae, 579 f.
_Cassiculus_, 580
_Cassidix_, 580
Cassiques, 580
Cassowary, 26;
feathers, 35;
structure, etc., 32 f.;
aftershaft, 3;
breast-bone, 7;
nestlings, 34
Casuariformes of Parker, 38
Casuarii (= Megistanes), 32 f.;
finger, 9
Casuariidae, structure, etc., 32 f.
_Casuarius australis_, 33;
_C. beccarii_, 33;
_C. bennetti_, 34;
_C. bicarunculatus_, 33;
_C. galeatus_, 33;
_C. occipitalis_, 34;
_C. papuanus_, 34;
_C. picticollis_, 34;
_C. tricarunculatus_, 33;
_C. uniappendiculatus_, 34, 35
_Catamblyrhynchus_, 584
Cataract-bird, 517
Cat-bird, 519, 549, 550
_Catharista_, 140;
_C. atratus_, 140
Cathartae, 137 f.;
claws on manus, 48
_Cathartes_, 140
Cathartidae, 70, 137 f., 143;
fossil, 140;
fossil, _Dryornis_ belongs here, 44;
habits, 137 f.
_Catharus_, 509, 510, 516
_Catherpes_, 521, 522
_Catheturus_, 190 f.;
_C. lathami_, 192, 193
_Catreus_, 203;
_C. wallichi_, 212
Cedar-bird (_Ampelis cedrorum_), 530
Celeomorphae, 457
_Celeus_, 462 f.;
_C. flavus_, 463
_Centrites_, 473, 475, 477;
_C. niger_, 477
_Centrocercus_, 199, 200, 203;
air-sacs, 201;
_C. urophasianus_, 234
_Centropelma micropterum_, 53
Centropodinae, 351, 356;
habits, 356 f.
_Centropus_, 351, 356;
_C. sinensis_, 356;
_C. toulou_, 357;
_C. unirufus_, 356
_Centrornis majori_, fossil, 136 f. {596}
Centrum of vertebra, 6;
in _Archaeopteryx_, 24
_Cephalolepis_, 431;
_C. delalandi_, 437
_Cephalopterus_, 480, 482, 483;
_C. glabricollis_, 481;
_C. ornatus_, 481, 481, 482;
_C. penduliger_, 481
_Cepphus carbo_, viii, 319;
_C. columba_, viii, 319;
_C. grylle_, 319;
_C. mandti_, 319;
_C. snowi_, viii
_Ceratogymna_, 393;
_C. elata_, 394
_Ceratopipra_, 477, 478;
_C. cornuta_, 478
_Cercibis_, 100;
_C. oxycerca_, 101
_Cercomacra_, 488, 489
Cere, 20;
in Anseriformes, 109, 111;
in Falconiformes, 137;
in Psittaci, 362;
in Strigidae, 398
Cereopsinae, 111, 133
_Cereopsis_, 111, 112;
_C. novae hollandiae_, 133
_Ceriornis_, 199-201, 216;
_C. blythi_, 216;
_C. caboti_, 216, 217;
_C. melanocephalus_, 216;
_C. satyrus_, 216;
_C. temmincki_, 216
_Cerorhyncha monocerata_, 317 f.
_Certhia_, 457, 571, 572;
_C. familaris_, 571, 572
_Certhidea_, 572
Certhiidae, 494, 536, 571 f.
_Certhilauda_, 497, 498
_Certhiola_, 573;
_C.flaveola_, 573
_Certhionyx leucomelas_, 565
_Certhiparus_, 538-540
Cervix, 20
_Ceryle_, 383, 387;
_C. alcyon_, 387;
_C. amazona_, 384, 387;
_C. rudis_, 384
Cetn, 165
_Cettia_, 517, 518
_Ceyx_, 383, 384, 386;
_C. euerythra_, 386;
toes, 10, 383
_Chaetobias_, 502
_Chaetocercus bombus_, 438
_Chaetops_, 502, 503
_Chaetoptila_, 565
_Chaetopus_, 226
_Chaetorhynchus_, 528
_Chaetura_, 422;
_C. acuta_, 423;
_C. boehmi_, 423;
_C. cassini_, 423;
_C. caudacuta_, 422;
_C. grandidieri_, 423;
_C. novae guineae_, 422 f.;
_C. pelagica_, 422;
_C. ussheri_, 423;
_C. zonaris_, 422
Chaeturinae, 420, 422
Chaffinch, 584, 586
Chajá, 109, 110
Chaka, 109
_Chalcococcyx_, 352;
_C. lucidus_, 354, 355
_Chalcoparia_, 569
_Chalcopelia_, 335;
_C. afra_, 339;
_C. chalcospilus_, 339
_Chalcophaps_, 338;
_C. chrysochlora_, 338;
_C. indica_, 338;
_C. mortoni_, 338;
_C. natalis_, 338;
_C. sanghirensis_, 338;
_C. stephani_, 338
_Chalcopsittacus_, 364, 374
_Chalcurus inocellatus_, 208
_Chamaea_, 495, 522;
_C. fasciata_, 522;
_C. henshawi_, 522
Chamaeidae, 522
_Chamaeospiza_, 583
_Chamaepetes_, 195;
_C. goudoti_, 197 f.;
_C. unicolor_, 198
_Chamaeza_, 489
Channel-bill, 356
Chapman, Abel, on Flamingo, 107;
on Woodpecker, 459 n.
Chapman and Buck, on Bustard, 263 n.;
on Egyptian Vulture, 145 n.;
on nestling of _Gyps_, 143 n.
Chapparal-Cock, 357
Charadriidae, 268, 272 f.;
operculum _C._ nostrils, 11
Charadriiformes, 268 f.
Charadriinae, 268, 269, 272 f.
_Charadrius_, 268, 269;
fossil, 300;
_C. dominicus_, 272;
_C. fulvus_, 272;
_C. obscurus_, 273;
_C. pluvialis_, 272
Charata, 197
_Charitornis_, 559, 561
_Charmosyna_, 364
_Chasiempis_, 507, 509
_Chasmorhynchus_, 479, 480, 482, 567 n.;
_C. niveus_, 481, 482, 482;
_C. nudicollis_, 481;
_C. tricarunculatus_, 481;
_C. variegatus_, 481
Chat, 511, 512, 515-517
_Chaulelasmus_, 111;
_C. couesi_, 127;
of _streperus_, 127
_Chauna_, 109;
_C. chavaria_, 110;
_C. cristata_, 109, 110, 110;
_C. derbiana_, 110
_Chaunoproctus_, 583
Cheer, 212
_Chelidon_, 522-524;
_C. dasypus_, 522;
_C. urbica_, 524
_Chelidoptera brasiliensis_, 448;
_C. tenebrosa_, 448
_Chelidorhynx_, 506, 509
_Chen caerulescens_, 133;
_C. hyperboreus_, 133;
_C. nivalis_, 133;
_C. rossi_, 111, 133
_Chenalopex_, 112, 113;
fossil, 136;
_C. aegyptiaca_, 129;
_C. jubata_, 129;
_C. sirabensis_, fossil, 137
_Chenonetta jubata_, 130
Chenonettinae, 111, 112, 130 f.
_Chenopis_, fossil, 136;
_C. atrata_, 135
_Chenornis graculoïdes_, fossil, 136
_Chera_, 578
_Cheramoeca_, 523, 525
Chest, 21
_Chettusia gregaria_, 275 f.;
_C. leucura_, 276
Cheu-can, 490
Cheu-gui, 490
_Chibia_, 528;
_C. bimaënsis_, 528;
_C. bracteata_, 528;
_C. hottentotta_, 528; {597}
_C. pectoralis_, 528
_Chicquera ruficollis_, 178;
_C. typus_, 178
_Chimarrhornis_, 516
Chionididae, 268, 269, 292 f.
_Chionis_, 269, 270;
_C. alba_, 293;
_C. minor_, 293
_Chirocylla_, 480
_Chiromachaeris_, 478, 479;
_C. aurantiaca_, 478;
_C. manacus_, 479
_Chiroxiphia_, 478;
_C. caudata_, 479;
_C. linearis_, 478, 479;
_C. pareola_, 478
_Chlamydodera_, 550, 551;
_C. cerviniventris_, 551;
_C. maculata_, 551;
_C. nuchalis_, 549, 552
_Chleuasicus_, 502
_Chloëphaga_, 113, 114;
_C. hybrida_, 130;
_C. inornata_, 130;
_C. magellanica_, 130 f.;
_C. melanoptera_, 130, 131;
_C. poliocephala_, 130;
_C. rubidiceps_, 131
_Chloridops_, 562
_Chlorochrysa_, 575
_Chloronerpes_, 460;
_C. rubiginosus_, 460
_Chloropeta_, 506
_Chloropipo_, 477, 478;
_C. flavicapilla_, 478
_Chloropsis_, 505, 506;
_C. cyanopogon_, 505;
_C. flavipennis_, 505
_Chlorospingus_, 575, 576
_Chlorostilbon_, 430, 433
_Cholornis_, 10, 502
_Chondestes_, 586
_Chordiles_, 416;
_C. virginianus_, 416
Chorion, 21
_Chosornis praeteritus_, fossil, 194
_Chotorhea_, 450
Chough, 552-556
_Chrysococcyx_, 352;
_C. cupreus_, 355;
_C. smaragdineus_, 355
_Chrysoenas_, 326, 327, 347;
_C. luteovirens_, 347;
_C. victor_, 347;
_C. viridis_, 347
_Chrysolampis mosquitus_, 434
_Chrysolophus_, 199-201;
_C. amherstiae_, 210;
_C. pictus_, 200, 209 f.
_Chrysomitridops_, 562, 563
_Chrysomitris_, 583;
_C. spinus_, 584
_Chrysophlegma_, 460 f.;
_C. flavinucha_, 460 f.;
_C. miniatum_, 461
_Chrysotis_, 362, 364, 370;
yellow varieties, 370;
_C. aestiva_, 370
_Chthonicola_, 518
Chuck-Will's-widow, 417
Chueké, 30
_Chunga_, 258, 260;
_C. burmeisteri_, 259
Chuñia, 243, 259
Chupa-myrta, 426;
-rosa, 426
Church, on Turacin, 360 n.
_Cichladusa_, 513
_Cichlherminia_, 515
_Cichlopsis_, 513
_Cicinnurus_, 545, 550, 551;
_C. regius_, 547
_Ciconia_, 95;
_C. abdimii_, 96, 99;
_C. alba_, 98, 99;
_C. boyciana_, 99;
_C. nigra_, 96, 99
Ciconiae, 70 f., 95 f.
Ciconiidae, 70, 95 f.;
habits, 96
Ciconiiformes, 59, 70 f., 108
Cinclidae, 519
_Cinclodes_, 486
_Cinclorhamphus_, 502, 503
_Cinclosoma_, 503
_Cinclus_, 519;
_C. albicollis_, 519, 520;
_C. aquaticus_, 519, 520;
_C. ardesiacus_, 519;
_C. leucocephalus_, 519;
_C. leuconotus_, 519
_Cinnamopterus_, 559;
_C. tenuirostris_, 560
_Cinnicerthia_, 521
_Cinnyris brevirostris_, 568;
_C. osea_, 568;
_C. splendidus_, 569
Circaëtinae, 153
_Circaëtus_, 153;
_C. beaudouini_, 153;
_C. cinerascens_, 153;
_C. cinereus_, 153;
_C. fasciolatus_, 153;
_C. gallicus_, 153
_Circus_, 146, 147, 154;
fossil, 181;
habits, 154 f.;
_C. aeruginosus_, 155;
_C. approximans_, 155;
_C. assimilis_, 155;
_C. cineraceus_, 155;
_C. cinereus_, 155;
_C. cyaneus_, 155;
_C. gouldi_, 155;
_C. hudsonius_, 155;
_C. humbloti_, 155;
_C. jardinii_, 155;
_C. macrosceles_, 155;
_C. maculosus_, 155;
_C. maillardi_, 155;
_C. maurus_, 155;
_C. melanoleucus_, 155;
_C. ranivorus_, 155;
_C. spilothorax_, 155;
_C. spilonotus_, 155;
_C. swainsoni_, 155;
_C. wolfi_, 155
_Ciridops_, 562, 563
_Cirrhopipra_, 478;
_C. filicauda_, 478;
_C. heterocerca_, 478
_Cissa_, 376, 552, 553 f.
_Cissopis_, 575
_Cisticola_, 514, 518
Cisticolae, of Sharpe, 513
_Cistothorus_, 521
_Cittocincla_, 510, 513, 517
_Cittura cyanotis_, 385
_Cladorhynchus pectoralis_, 278
_Clamator_, 226
Clamatores, 467, 469 f.
_Clangula albeola_, 121;
_C. glaucion_, 113, 121;
_C. islandica_, 121
Clark, on bones of Dodo, 330
Clarke, W. E., Digest of Migration Reports, 19 n.
Classification, 13 f.
_Claudia squamata_, 425
Clavicle, 7, 8, 21, 187–see also Furcula Claws, nature of, 2 n.;
of recent Birds, 9;
serrated, 10;
in _Archaeopteryx_, 9, 25;
on manus of Carinatae, 48;
in Grouse, 199;
shed in Ptarmigan, 203;
in Ratitae, 26
_Clibanornis_, 484
_Climacteris_, 571, 572
_Clitonyx_, 502, 503 {598}
Clucking Hen, 256
_Clypeïcterus_, 579 f.
_Clytoceyx rex_, 386
_Clytoctantes_, 488
_Clytorhynchus pachycephaloïdes_, 533
_Cnemiornis_, 133;
fossil, 136;
breast-bone, 7;
very little keel to sternum, 26, 133
_Cnemophilus macgregori_, 548 f.
_Cnipolegus_, 473, 474, 476;
_C. unicolor_, 475
Coach-whip bird, 503
Cobbler's Awl, 278, 565
_Coccothraustes_, 583;
_C. vulgaris_, 584
_Coccycolius_, 559, 560
_Coccystes_, 352, 355;
_C. americanus_, 356;
_C. coromandus_, 355;
_C. erythrophthalmus_, 356;
_C. glandarius_, 355;
_C. occidentalis_, 356;
_C. serratus_, 355
_Cochoa azurea_, 510;
_C. purpurea_, 510;
_C. viridis_, 510
Cock, 203
Cock of the Rock, 480
Cockatoo, 351, 364, 365, 372 f.;
Great Black, 364, 373;
Leadbeater's, 372, 372
Cockatoo-Parakeet, 373
Coël, 356
_Coerebidae_, 572 f.
_Colaptes_, 458;
_C. agricola_, 460;
_C. auratus_, 460;
_C. mexicanus_, 460
Colibri, 426
Colii, 376, 439 f.
Coliidae, 439 f.
Colin, 231
_Colius_, 440 f.;
toes, 10;
_C. capensis_, 440, 441;
_C. castanonotus_, 441;
_C. erythromelon_, 441;
_C. leucocephalus_, 441;
_C. leucotis_, 441;
_C. macrurus_, 441;
_C. nigricollis_, 441;
_C. striatus_, 441
Collar-bone, 8
Collingwood, on Sooty Tern, 312
_Collocalia_, 421-423 f.;
fossil, 426;
_C. francica_, 424;
_C. fuciphaga_, 423 f.
_Colopterus_, 473, 474
Colour of feathers, 3 f.
_Columba_, 328, 343;
fossil, 350;
_C. affinis_, 344;
_C. araucana_, 344;
_C. arquatrix_, 344;
_C. bollii_, 343, 344;
_C. grisea_, 344;
_C. guinea_, 326, 344;
_C. gymnophthalma_, 326, 344;
_C. ianthina_, 344;
_C. intermedia_, 344;
_C. laurivora_, 343, 344;
_C. leucocephala_, 344;
_C. leucomela_, 344;
_C. leuconota_, 344;
_C. livia_, 344;
_C. metallica_, 344;
_C. oenas_, 344;
_C. palumboïdes_, 344;
_C. palumbus_, 343, 344;
_C. phaeonota_, 328;
_C. polleni_, 344;
_C. rufina_, 344;
_C. schimperi_, 344;
_C. speciosa_, 344;
_C. torringtoniae_, 344;
_C. trocaz_, 343, 344
Columbae, 268, 322, 325 f.;
operculum of nostrils, 11
Columbidae, 268, 325 f., 333 f.;
habits, 327 f.
_Columbigallina_, 325, 327, 328, 335, 340;
_C. buckleyi_, 340;
_C. cruziana_, 340;
_C. minuta_, 340;
_C. passerina_, 340;
_C. rufipennis_, 340;
_C. talpacoti_, 340
Columbinae, 325 f., 342
_Columbula picui_, 340
Coly, 439 f.;
Cape, 440, 441
Colymbi, 49
Colymbidae, habits, 51 f.;
structure, etc., 49 f.
Colymbiformes, 49 f.
_Colymboïdes_, fossil, 50
Colymbomorphae, 48
_Colymbus adamsi_, 50;
_C. arcticus_, 50;
_C. glacialis_, 50, 51;
_C. pacificus_, 50;
_C. septentrionalis_, 50
Coly-Shrike, 527, 527
_Comatibis_, 100;
_C. comata_, 102
Comet, Sappho, 434
Compressed, 21
_Compsotis_, 262
Condor, 138, 139, 139
_Conopophaga_, 489, 490
Conopophagidae, 469, 489 f.
_Contopus_, 473, 474;
_C. ardesiacus_, 476
Contour-feather, 2
_Conurus_, 363, 365;
_C. carolinensis_, 365, 371;
_C. guarouba_, 371;
_C. patachonius_, 525;
_C. pertinax_, 366;
_C. solstitialis_, 371
Coot, 243-246
Copper-smith, 449
_Copsychus_, 510, 513, 516
_Copurus_, 473, 477
Coraciae, 376 f.
_Coracias_, 376;
_C. abyssinicus_, 377;
_C. garrulus_, 376 f.;
_C. naevius_, 377;
_C. spatulatus_, 377;
_C. temmincki_, 376
Coraciidae, 376 f.
Coraciiformes, 376 f.
Coraciinae, 376;
habits, 377 f.
Coraciomorphae, 351
Coracoid, 7, 7, 8, 8;
unites with furcula and scapula in _Fregata_, 72
Coracomorphae, of Huxley, 466
_Coracopitta_, 469;
_C. lugubris_, 471
_Coracopsis_, 364;
_C. barklyi_, 369;
_C. comorensis_, 369;
_C. mascarinus_, 365 f.;
_C. nigra_, 369;
_C. sibilans_, 369;
_C. vasa_, 369
_Corcorax_, 552, 557 f.
Cordeaux, W. W., on _Ibidorhynchus_, 277 n.
_Corethrura_, 246, 248;
_C. pulchra_, 246
_Coriphilus_, 364;
_C. taitianus_, 373;
_C. ultramarinus_, 373
Cormorant, 70, 75;
fishing with, 79;
habits, 78;
Common, 75, 76;
Green, 77;
Pigmy, 78
Cornay, classification, 14
Corn Crake–see Crake, Corn
Corneous, 11
Corvidae, 495, 525, 531, 543, 552 f.; {599}
habits, 554 f.
Corvinae, 552 f.
_Corvultur_, 552, 553
_Corvus_, fossil, 496;
_C. caurinus_, 555;
_C. corax_, 552, 555;
_C. cornix_, 355;
_C. corone_, 556;
_C. frugilegus_, 552;
_C. ossifragus_, 556;
_C. pastinator_, 552;
_C. scapulatus_, 553;
_C. torquatus_, 553;
_C. tropicus_, 556
_Corydon_, 468;
_C. sumatranus_, 468
_Coryphistera_, 484, 485
_Coryphoenas_, 326;
_C. crassirostris_, 342 f.
_Coryphospiza_, 583
_Corythaeola_, 360
_Corythaix fischeri_, 361
_Corythopis_, 489, 490
_Corythornis cristata_, 386 f.
_Coscoroba candida_, 135
_Cosmonetta_, 112;
_C. histrionica_, 120
_Cossypha_, 513, 516;
_C. caffra_, 512 n.;
_C. natalensis_, 510
_Cotile_, 523, 525;
_C. concolor_, 525;
_C. fuligula_, 524 f.;
_C. riparia_, 522, 524;
_C. rupestris_, 524 f.
_Cotinga_, 480;
_C. amabilis_, 480
Cotingidae, 469, 477, 479 f., 567 n.;
habits, 482 f.
Cotinginae, 479 f.
_Coturnix_, 198-200, 202;
fossil, 240;
_C. capensis_, 220;
_C. communis_, 220;
_C. coromandelica_, 220;
_C. delegorguii_, 220;
_C. japonica_, 220;
_C. novae zealandiae_, 220;
_C. pectoralis_, 220
_Coua_, 351, 352, 357;
_C. caerulea_, 357
Coucal, 356;
habits, 356 f.
Courlan, 257
Courser, 268, 294 f.;
Cream-coloured, 294
Covert, 20, 21;
Greater, 21;
Lesser, 21;
Median, 21;
Upper, 21
Cow-bird, 582
Cowry-bird, 577
Crab-Plover–see Plover, Crab
Cracidae, 186, 194 f.;
habits, 195;
replace Pheasants, etc., 192
Cracinae, 194-196
_Cracticus_, 532, 533;
_C. destructor_, 533
Crake, 243, 246;
Baillon's, 248;
Corn, 245, 248;
Little, 248;
Spotted, 245, 248
Crane, viii, 148, 243, 251 f., 263;
habits, 252 f.;
trachea enters keel of sternum, 13;
young, 256;
Asiatic White, 253, 254;
Common, 254;
Crowned, 253, 255, 256;
Demoiselle, 255;
of Japan, 254;
Kaffir, 256;
Sandhill, 254;
Sarus, 253, 254;
Wattled, 255;
Whooping, 253, 254
_Cranorhinus cassidix_, 394 f.
Crapaud-volant, 419 n.
Crateropodes, of Sharpe, 502
_Crateropus_, 355, 504;
_C. kirki_, 503
_Crax_, 194 f.;
_C. alector_, 196, 196;
_C. fasciolata_, 196, 197
Crazy Widow, 257
_Creadion carunculatus_, 558
_Creciscus_, 246;
_C. levraudi_, 246
Creeper, 571 f.;
Tree-, 457, 572
Cretaceous epoch, Birds of, 2
_Crex pratensis_, 245, 248, 248
_Criniger_, 504-506
Crissum (vent-region), 20
Crocodile-bird, 295
_Crocopus_, 349;
_C. chlorigaster_, 349
Crop, 12;
in Galliformes, 186;
in Humming-birds, 427;
in _Opisthocomus_, 241;
in Phasianidae, 200;
in Sand-grouse, 322;
in Thinocorythidae, 270;
in Tinamidae, 183
Crossbill, 584, 586
_Crossleyia_, 503
_Crossoptilon_, 199, 200, 203, 214;
_C. auritum_, 214;
_C. harmani_, 214;
_C. leucurum_, 214;
_C. manchuricum_, 214;
_C. tibetanum_, 214
_Crotophaga_, 351, 352;
_C. ani_, 359;
_C. major_, 359;
_C. sulcirostris_, 359
Crotophaginae, 351, 359;
habits, 359
Crow, 149, 175, 356, 552-556;
-Blackbird, 580;
Carrion-, 554, 556;
Grey, 355;
Hooded, 553, 556
Crown, 20
_Crypsirhina_, 552
_Cryptolopha_, 506, 514, 518
_Cryptorhina_, 552
_Cryptornis_, fossil Hornbill in France, 395
Crypturi, incisura ischiadica, 9;
no pygostyle, 6 n.
Crypturidae, 182 f.
_Crypturus_, 183, 184;
_C. tataupa_, 184, 185
Cubitals, 21, 22
Cuckoo, 351, 352 f., 353;
habits, 353 f.;
Hawk, 353;
migration, 19;
_Opisthocomus_ related to, 186;
parasitic habits, etc., 354;
toes, 10;
Black-billed, 356;
Great Spotted, 355;
Radiated Ground-, 358;
Yellow-billed, 356
Cuckoo-Shrike, 525 f.;
habits, 526 f.
Cuckoo's-mate, 465
Cuculi, 351 f., 376
Cuculidae, 351 f.;
toes, 10
Cuculiformes, 351 f.
Cuculinae, 351, 352;
habits, 353 f.
_Cuculus canorus_, 352 f., 353;
_C. clamosus_, 352
_Culicicapa_, 507
_Culicivora_, 473
Culmen, 20
Cuneate, 21
Cunningham, on _Tachyeres_, 121 n.
_Curaeus_, 579, 580
Curassow, 186, 194, 241; {600}
habits, 195;
Crested, 196
Curlew, 282, 287 f., 288;
bill, 12;
Eskimo, 288;
Stone-, 268, 297
_Cursorius_, 269, 270, 293, 294 f.;
_C. albifasciatus_, 295;
_C. bicinctus_, 295;
_C. bisignatus_, 295;
_C. bitorquatus_, 295;
_C. chalcopterus_, 270, 295;
_C. cinctus_, 295;
_C. coromandelicus_, 295;
_C. gallicus_, 294;
_C. hartingi_, 295;
_C. rufus_, 294 f.;
_C. seebohmi_, 295;
_C. senegalensis_, 295;
_C. somalensis_, 294;
_C. temmincki_, 295
Cushat, 344
Cutis, 2 n.
Cutting edges of bill, 20
_Cyanecula_, 516;
_C. leucocyana_, 512;
_C. suecica_, 512;
_C. wolfi_, 512
_Cyanochen cyanoptera_, 130
_Cyanocitta_, 552, 554
_Cyanocorax_, 552, 554
_Cyanolesbia gorgo_, 434
_Cyanolyseus_, 365;
_C. patagonus_, 365, 371
_Cyanomyias_, 506;
_C. verticalis_, 435
_Cyanophaea caeruleigularis_, 435
_Cyanopica_, 552;
_C. cooki_, 355, 553;
_C. cyana_, 553
_Cyanops_, 450;
_C. faber_, 449
_Cyanopsittacus_, 364, 371
_Cyanorhamphus erythrotis_, 365
_Cyanospiza ciris_, 563, 585;
_C. cyanea_, 585
_Cyanotis_, 475-477;
_C. azarae_, 474
_Cybernetes_, 473, 475
Cyclopsittacinae, 362 f., 373
_Cyclopsittacus_, 373
_Cyclorhis_, 536
_Cyclorhynchus_, 316;
_C. psittaculus_, 318
_Cycnopsis cycnoïdes_, 111, 132
Cygninae, 111, 112, 135 f.;
young, 114
_Cygnus_, fossil, 136;
_C. bewicki_, 112, 135, 136;
_C. buccinator_, 112, 135;
_C. columbianus_, 112, 135;
_C. melanocoryphus_, 111, 135;
_C. musicus_, 112, 135;
_C. olor_, 111, 135, 136
_Cymbilanius_, 488
_Cymborhynchus macrorhynchus_, 468
_Cymodroma_, 60, 65
_Cyphorhinus_, 521;
_C. cantans_, 521
Cypseli, 376, 419 f.
Cypselidae, 315 n., 419 f.;
toes, 10, 420 f.;
habits, 421 f.
Cypselinae, 420, 424
_Cypseloïdes_, 420, 422, 423;
_C. brunneitorques_, 423;
_C. niger_, 423;
_C. rutilus_, 423
Cypselomorphae, 419 n.
_Cypselus_, 424;
fossil, 426;
toes, 10;
_C. affinis_, 421, 424;
_C. andicola_, 421, 425;
_C. apus_, 424, 425;
_C. caffer_, 421, 424 f.;
_C. horus_, 421, 425;
_C. melanoleucus_, 421 n., 424, 425;
_C. melba_, 424;
_C. montivagus_, 425;
_C. murinus_, 424;
_C. pacificus_, 425;
_C. pallidus_, 424;
_C. squamatus_, 424;
_C. unicolor_, 424
_Cyrtonyx_, 199, 231 f.;
_C. montezumae_, 231 f.
Dabchick, 52
_Dacelo_, 383, 384;
_D. gigas_, 386
_Dactylortyx_, 199;
_D. thoracicus_, 232
_Dafila_, 112, 114;
_D. acuta_, 125;
_D. eatoni_, 125;
_D. spinicauda_, 125
D'Albertis, on _Macropteryx_, 421 n.
Dal-riporre, 239
Dames, on _Archaeopteryx_, 23 n.;
on _Scaniornis_, 108 n.
Dampier, on Flamingo, 107;
on _Goura_, 334
Dance of Cranes, 252
Dancing of Kagu, 265;
of Sun-bittern, 266;
of _Vanellus cayennensis_, 275 n.
_Daphoenositta_, 537
_Daption_, 60, 61;
_D. capensis_, 66
Darters, 70, 79 f.;
habits, 80 f.;
Indian, 80
Darwin, on breeds of Pigeons, 327 n.;
on _Patagona gigas_, 430;
on _Pelecanoïdes_, 69;
on _Tachyeres_, 121
_Dasornis_, 45
_Dasylophus_, 352
_Dasyptilus_, 364;
_D. pesqueti_, 369
_Daulias_, 510;
_D. hafizi_, 506, 512;
_D. luscinia_, 512;
_D. philomela_, 512
De Bry, on Dodo, 329
Decomposed feather, 3
Decorative plumes, 5
_Defilippia crossirostris_, 276;
_D. leucoptera_, 276
Deglutition, organs of, 12
_Demiegretta sacra_, 91
_Dendragapus_, air-sacs, 201;
_D. fuliginosus_, 235;
_D. obscurus_, 235;
_D. richardsoni_, 235
_Dendrobates_, 462
_Dendrocitta_, 552, 553, 556
Dendrocolaptidae, 469, 483 f.;
habits, 485 f.
Dendrocolaptinae, 457, 484 f.
_Dendrocoptes_, 462
_Dendrocopus brunneifrons_, 461 f.;
_D. leuconotus_, 462;
_D. major_, 458, 461;
_D. medius_, 462;
_D. minor_, 461, 462
_Dendrocycna_, 111-113, 129;
fossil, 136;
_D. arborea_, 129;
_D. arcuata_, 130;
_D. autumnalis_, 129;
_D. discolor_, 120;
_D. eytoni_, 130;
_D. fulva_, 129, 130;
_D. guttata_, 129;
_D. javanica_, 130;
_D. viduata_, 129
_Dendroeca_, 573, 574;
_D. palmarum_, 574;
_D. tigrina_, 573
_Dendrophila_, 537
_Dendrortyx_, 198, 230;
_D. macrurus_, 230
Dentary, 11
Depressed, 21
Derma, 2, 2 n. {601}
_Deroptyus_, 364
Desjardins, on Solitaire, 331
Desmodactyli, 466 f.
Deviling, 424
De Vis, on "_Dinornis queenslandiae_," 42;
on _Metapteryx_, 40
D'Heguerty, on Solitaire, 330
Diamond-bird, 570 f.
_Diaphorapteryx_, 244;
_D. hawkinsi_, fossil, 251
_Diaphorophyia_, 506, 507
_Diatryma_, 45
Dicaeidae, 570 f.
_Dicaeum_, 571;
_D. erythrorhynchum_, 571
_Dichoceros bicornis_, 391, 393, 395
_Dicholophus_, 44
_Dichromanassa_, young, 93;
_D. rufa_, 91
_Dicranostreptus_, 528
_Dicrocercus_, 387
Dicruridae, 353, 527 f.;
habits, 528 f.
_Dicrurus_, 528
Dididae, 268, 325 f., 328
Di-dric, 355
Didunculidae, 268, 325 f., 331
_Didunculus_, 325, 326, 328;
_D. strigirostris_, 331 f., 332;
habits, 332, 333
_Didus_, breast-bone, 7;
coracoid and scapula fused, 8;
little keel to sternum, 26;
_D. borbonicus_, 328, 330;
_D. ineptus_, 328 f., 329
Digestion, organs of, 5 f., 12
Digits, 8, 8;
of foot, 8
_Diglossa_, 572
_Diglossopis_, 572
_Dilophus_, 559, 561, 562
_Dinornis_, 42;
_D. maximus_, 42;
"_Dinornis queenslandiae_," 42
Dinornithes, 26, 41 f.
Dinornithidae, 41;
structure, etc., 42
Dinornithinae, 42
_Diomedea_, 63;
fossil, 69;
_D. albatrus_, 64;
_D. anglica_, fossil, 69;
_D. bulleri_, 65;
_D. cauta_, 65;
_D. chionoptera_, 64;
_D. chlororhyncha_, 65;
_D. culminata_, 63, 65;
_D. exulans_, 61, 63 f., 64;
_D. immutabilis_, 65;
_D. irrorata_, 64;
_D. layardi_, 65;
_D. melanophrys_, 65;
in England and Faeroes, 65;
_D. nigripes_, 64;
_D. regia_, 64;
_D. salvini_, 65
Diomedeinae, 59, 60, 63
_Diphlogaena iris_, 434
_Diphyllodes_, 545, 550;
_D. gulielmi tertii_, 547;
_D. magnifica_, 547, 547
Diplopterinae, 351, 358
_Diplopterus_, 352;
_D. naevius_, 358 f.
Dipper, 519 f., 520
Disconnected web, 3
_Discura_, 427
_Dissemuroïdes_, 528
_Dissemurus_, 528;
_D. paradiseus_, 528
_Dissodectes ardesiacus_, 174;
_D. dickinsoni_, 174;
_D. zoniventris_, 174
_Dissura_, 96;
_D. episcopus_, 98 f.;
_D. maguari_, 97, 99
Distal, 21
Diver, 54, 267;
habits, 51 f.;
structure, etc., 49 f.;
Black-throated, 50 f.;
Great Northern, 50, 51;
Red-throated, 50 f.
_Docimastes ensifer_, 436
Dodaars, 329
Dodo, 325, 328 f., 329;
breast-bone, 7;
habits, 330
_Dolichonyx_, 579-581;
_D. orizivorus_, 580
_Doliornis_, 479, 480
Dollar-bird, 377
_Donacicola_, 578
_Donacobius_, 515, 519
Dormant action of formative substance of feather, 4
Dorsal, 21
Dorsum, 20
Dotterel, 272;
Ring-, 273
Double moult, 4 f.
Dove, Beetle-wing, 338;
Cinnamon-, 337;
Collared Turtle-, 328;
Cordillera-, 339;
Cuckoo-, 343;
Emerald-, 338;
Ground-, 328, 340;
Lemon-, 337;
Mountain-, 342;
Mourning, 342;
Pea-, 342;
Ring-, 344;
Rock-, 327, 328;
Scaly, 341;
Stock-, 328, 344;
Turtle-, 327, 341
Dowitcher, 289
Down-feather, 2
Down of young suppressed, 3
Drepanididae, 562;
habits, 564
_Drepanis_, 562;
_D. funerea_, 563;
_D. pacifica_, 563, 563, 564
_Drepanoptila_, 325, 326;
_D. holosericea_, 346 f.
_Drepanorhynchus_, 569
_Drepanornis_, 544, 550, 551;
_D. albertisi_, 544, 545;
_D. cervinicauda_, 551
Dresser, on Bustards, 263 n.;
on Double Snipe, 291 n.;
on Francolin, 226 n.;
on Grouse, 240 n.;
on _Pelecanus onocrotalus_, 83;
on Quail, 221 n.
Dromadinae, 296
Dromaeidae, 36;
structure, etc., 32 f.
_Dromaeocercus_, 514
_Dromaeus_, 182;
_D. ater_, extinct, 38;
_D. gracilipes_, fossil, 38;
_D. irroratus_, 36;
_D. novae hollandiae_, 36, 37;
_D. patricius_, fossil, 38
_Dromas_, 269, 270, 292;
_D. ardeola_, 296
_Dromococcyx_, 352, 359
_Dromornis australis_, fossil, 38
Drongo, 353, 527 f., 528;
habits, 528 f.
Dronte, 329
Drumming or booming of Grouse, 233-238;
of Snipe, 291;
of Woodpeckers, 458 f.
Drum-stick, 9
_Drymornis_, 487;
_D. bridgesi_, 485
_Dryolimnas cuvieri_, 248 {602}
_Dryonastes_, 504
_Dryornis_, 44, 140 n.
_Dryoscopus cubla_, 533;
_D. rufiventris_, 533
_Dryotomus pileatus_, 463
_Dryotriorchis_, 154
Du Bois, on _Didus borbonicus_, 330
Duck, 114;
habits of, 113 f.;
fusion of tracheal rings, 13–see Sheld-Drake;
Black, 119;
Blue, 116;
Brahminy, 129;
Buffel-head, 121;
Canvas-back, 122;
Eider, 118 f.;
Gadwall, 127;
Garganey 125;
habits, 126;
Golden-Eye, 121;
Harlequin-, 114, 120;
King-Eider, 118 f.;
Lake-, 117;
Logger-head, 121;
Long-tailed, 120 f.;
Mallard, 127;
Mandarin-, 114, 133;
Muscovy, 134;
Musk-, 117, 117, 134;
Pied, 119;
Pink-eyed, 124;
Pink-headed, 114;
Pintail, 125;
Red-crested, 123;
Shoveller–see Shoveller;
Spectacled Eider, 119;
Steamer-, 113, 121;
Summer-, 133;
Teal, habits, 126;
Torrent-, 116;
White-eyed, 122;
Wigeon, 126;
Wild, 127;
skull, 11
_Dulus_, 529;
_D. dominicus_, 530
_Dumetia_, 502
Dunbird, 122
Dunlin, 279
Durnford, on _Creciscus_, 249 n.