_Abercromby_ (Sir Ralph, British general, 1734-1801); to command
British troops in Egypt, 135; number of his forces, 135; landing of in
Abukir, 135; first operations, 135, 136; victory near Alexandria, 136;
letter to Murad Bey, 158; death from wounds, 136
_Abukir_, British victory in Bay of, (see under Nelson); Turkish Army
lands and is defeated in Peninsula of, 101; British land in, 135
_Acre_, Siege of, by Napoléon, 85-88
_Adair_ (Sir Robert, British Ambassador in Constantinople, 1809-1810);
negotiates Peace of Dardanelles, 271; attempts to end Russo-Turkish
War, 274, 275
_Addington_ (Henry, 1st Viscount Sidmouth); forms ministry, 139
_Albanians_ in Egypt; Djabarti’s description of, 207-208; mutiny of,
211; coalition with Mamelukes, 211; expel Mamelukes from Cairo, 222
_Alexander I_ (Emperor of Russia, 1801-1825); policy on accession,
144-145, 148, 149; and the Treaty of Tilsit, 263; and Erfurt, 272; and
the Franco-Austrian War, 273-4
_Alexandria_, taken by British in 1801, 137; and in 1807, 248
_Algiers_, rupture of Dey of, with France, 94
_Aly_ (Mameluke chief, 18th century); attempt at independence, 1
_Aly_ (Turkish ambassador in Paris); character of, 143; signs a treaty
of peace with France, 143; beheaded, 142, note 6
_Aly_ (Viceroy of Egypt), murdered by Mamelukes, 213
_Amiens_ (Treaty of), 151; (Congress of) and Turkish participation in,
152
_Anstruther_ (British officer in Egypt), statement of as to British
engagements to Mamelukes, 162
_Arbuthnot_ (Charles, ambassador in Constantinople, 1805-1807), and
Elfi, 230; position of and application for warships, 239; criticism of
policy of, 241; escapes on warship, 245; Appendix, 296
_Austerlitz_, Battle of, effect of on Turks, 233
_Austria_, policy of as to partition of Turkey, 185; dislike of
Russian occupation of Danubian Principalities, 253
_Baldwin_ (George, British Consul in Egypt), on Mameluke extortions,
2; withdraws from Egypt, 2; and British possession of Egypt, 141
_Ball_ (Sir Alexander, British naval officer and Commissioner in
Malta), and settlement of Egyptian affairs, 215; and Elfi, 220, 221
_Bardissy_ (Osman el, Mameluke Chief). Professions of attachment to
France, 178, 181; and to Great Britain, 181; character of, 208;
supremacy of, 212; mistakes of, 212-213; and Elfi, 221; driven out of
Cairo by Albanians, 221; demands French help, 227; death of, 232
_Barras_ (Paul François Nicolas, Comte de, Member of Directory) and
Napoleon, 25
_Bartenstein_, Convention of, 297-298
_Batavian Republic_ (Holland), changes in Constitution of, 21;
alliance of, with France, 8
_Bathurst_ (Henry, 3rd Earl Bathurst, 1762-1834), and Mehemet Ali’s
overture for recognition of his independence, 283
_Beauchamp_ (French Consul at Muscat), mission of, to Turkey, 77-8
_Beauvoisins_ (Calmet-Beauvoisins, Joseph, French officer), mission
of, to Djezzar, 76
_Belliard_ (Augustin-Daniel, French general, 1769-1832), surrenders
Cairo, 136, 137
_Bernadotte_ (Jean Baptiste, later King Charles XIV of Sweden), French
Ambassador in Vienna, 25; incident to, 36
_Berthollet_ (Claude Louis, French chemist), Commissioner to Divan of
Cairo, 72
_Blantyre_ (Lord, A.D.C. to General Stuart), mission of, in
Constantinople, 181-182
_Bonaparte_. See under _Napoleon_
_Britain_, French project of invasion of, 22-23; naval supremacy of,
7, 8; ignorance of Government of aims of French preparations, 38;
policy after Nelson’s victory, 66; mission of Koehler, 66-67;
negligence of Egyptian affairs, 69; and evacuation of Egypt by French,
115; and Convention of El Arish, 117; and French proposal for a naval
armistice, 128; and the decision to send an army to Egypt, 131-134;
overture to Russia for a guarantee of Turkish Empire, 148; and Russian
mediation between France and Turkey, 149; failure to obtain admission
of Turkey to Congress of Amiens, 152; right of navigation in Red and
Black Seas, 155, note 4; decision to return Egypt to Turkey, 156;
scheme for the government of Egypt, 165-167; comparison of that scheme
with Lord Dufferin’s, 165-167; Hutchinson’s criticisms of it, 173-174;
relations with France after Amiens, 187; overture for alliance with
Russia and Austria, 187; decision not to evacuate Malta, 188; war with
France, 189; and alliance with Turkey, 203-206; real relations with
Elfi, 217-219; and Turkey in 1806, 241-243; and Mehemet Ali’s overture
for recognition of independence, 283
_Brueys_ (François-Paul, French admiral, 1753-1798), command in
Mediterranean, 13; to take part in invasion of England, 18; and
capture of Malta, 18; condition of squadron under, 24; escorts army to
Egypt and after, 53-54; defeat by Nelson, 56; death in action, 56.
_Bruix_ (Etienne-Eustache, French admiral, 1759-1805), naval
operations of in Mediterranean, 93, 95-97.
_Brune_ (Guillaume, Marshal of France), Ambassador in Constantinople,
his instructions, 186; withdraws from Constantinople, 202
_Bucharest_ (Treaty of), 278
_Cafarelli_ (Cafarelli du Falga, Maximilien, French general,
1756-1799). Takes part in preparations for invasion of England, 22;
and Napoleon, 22
_Cairo_. Taken by the French, 51; rising of, 71, 73-74, 75; surrender
of by Belliard, 136
_Canning_ (George). At the Foreign Office, 252; and mission of Paget
to Turkey, 255-256, 259; and Egypt, 256; and mission of Sir Robert
Wilson to St. Petersburg, 268; and mission of Adair to Turkey, 269-271
_Canning_ (Stratford, Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe, British
diplomat, 1786-1880). Efforts to end Russo-Turkish War, 274, 275;
early judgment of on Mehemet Ali, 279
_Capitan-Pasha_ (see under Husein)
_Catherine II_ (Empress of Russia). Alliance of with Aly of Egypt, 1;
plan of partition of Turkey, 3
_Caulaincourt_ (Duc de Vicence, French diplomat, 1772-1827);
interviews with Rumiantsoff on Turkey, 266
_Cavan_ (Earl of) succeeds Hutchinson to chief command in Egypt, 172;
and the Mamelukes, 172
_Cazoni_ (Lambro), Russian agent in the Balkans, 194
_Charles-Roux_ (François, French historian), on Mehemet Ali and France
and Great Britain, 226
_Choiseul_ (Etienne François, Duc de, 1719-1785), proposes conquest of
Egypt, 3
_Collingwood_ (Cuthbert, Baron Collingwood, British Admiral,
1750-1810), sends warships to support Arbuthnot in Constantinople, 239
_Copts_, unpopularity of during French occupation, 121; corruption of
Coptic tax-collectors, 121
_Czartoryski_ (Adam George, Prince, 1770-1861), his views, 190, 191;
position of in 1806, 238
_Dardanelles_ (Peace of), 271
_Delacroix_ (Charles, minister of Foreign Affairs under Directory),
and Egyptian expedition, 5; and _coup d’état_ at the Hague, 21
_Desaix_ (Desaix de Veygoux, 1768-1800, French general), and invasion
of England, 21, 30; campaign of in Upper Egypt, 75; negotiates
Convention of El Arish, 111
_Descorches_, projected missions to Constantinople, 92, 129-130
_Directory_, approves Napoleon’s designs on Malta, 15, 16; decrees
invasion of England, 17; decrees invasion of Egypt, 30; motives, 32;
plans to relieve army in Egypt, 93, 95-97; recalls Napoleon, 96
_Divan of Cairo_, attitude of Egyptians to, 73; composition of, 72;
deliberations of, 73
_Djezzar_ (Ahmet, Pasha of Acre), rejects French overtures, 76;
appointed to act against French in Egypt, 70; and siege of Acre,
85-88; relations with Porte after siege, 105
_Djuvara_, book of on schemes of partition of Turkey, 3
_Donoughmore_ (see under Hutchinson)
_Driault_ (Edouard, French historian), on Mehemet Ali and England and
Turkey, 230, 231; on causes of second British expedition to Egypt,
241-242, 245
_Drovetti_ (French Consul in Egypt), and the rise of Mehemet Ali,
228-229; persuades Mamelukes not to join British, 250-251
_Drummond_ (William) Ambassador in Constantinople, 192
_Duckworth_ (Sir John Thomas, British admiral, 1748-1817),
demonstration before Constantinople, 246; failure of, 247
_Duclos_ (Joseph, French resident in Cairo), intermediary between
French Consul and Bardissy, 226
_Dufferin_ (First Marquis of Dufferin and Ava, 1826-1902), report on
Egypt, 165
_Dundas_ (Henry, Viscount Melville, 1742-1811), and the aim of French
preparations, 38; and the importance of Egypt, 62-3; reinforces
British troops in India, 63; and British expedition to Egypt, 131-134;
underestimates French power, 135; and invasion of Egypt by troops from
India, 134; and the Preliminaries of London, 141
_Egyptians_, grievances of, under French rule, 120
_El Arish_ (Convention of), 111-113, 114, 116, 128; (village of),
captured by Napoleon, 83; by Turks, 113
_Elfi_ (Mameluke chief), escapes to Upper Egypt, 170; visit to
England, 183; character of, 208; activities of in Malta and England,
216, 217-219, 220; Djabarti’s partiality to, 220; attacked by
Bardissy, 221; relations with Turks, 230, 231; death of, 232
_Elgin_ (Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin, 1766-1841), agrees to issue
passports to Frenchmen, 107; and the “ruse de guerre,” 107, 116;
Appendix, 295-296; sends Morier to Egypt, 116; his opinion of Koehler,
100; and the invasion of Egypt by troops from India, 134; Pitt on his
ability and methods, 167; sends Straton to Egypt, 171-172; financial
transactions of, 299-300
_El Messiry_ (savant of Alexandria), epistle to Napoleon, 178
_Fazarde_, Russian agent in Balkans, 195
_Fellowes_ (British naval officer), and convention with Mehemet Ali,
260
_Foresti_ (Spiridon, British agent in Corfu), quarrels with Mocenigo,
195
_Fortescue_ (Sir John), opinion of French expedition, 137
_Fox_ (Charles James), policy of with regard to Turkey, 237-238
_Framery_ (French agent in Egypt), and the Mamelukes, 226
_Fraser_, commands British troops sent to Alexandria, 248; his
instructions, 243; fails to capture Rosetta, 249; relations with
Mehemet Ali, 251-252; evacuates Alexandria, 260
_French Expedition to Egypt_, results of, 137-138
_Fullarton_ (William, 1754-1808, British officer); memorandum of, to
British Government on Egypt, 63-64
_Galeb_ (Turkish Ambassador in Paris), character of, 153; signs treaty
of peace with France, 153
_Gantheaume_ (Honoré, 1755-1818, French admiral), attempts to relieve
army in Egypt, 128; satirical epitaph on, 128
_Gardane_ (Claude, French general, 1766-1817); mission in Persia, 252
_Gaza_, captured by Napoleon, 83
_Grand Vizier_ (see under Yusuf Zia)
_Grenville_ (William Wyndham, Baron Grenville, 1759-1834), policy of,
with regard to French in Egypt, 64-65, 66-67, 67-68, 69; and the
retirement of the French Army from Egypt, 115-116, 117-118; and the
provisional occupation of Alexandria, 157
_Grey_ (see under Howick)
_Halet_ (Turkish Ambassador in Paris), presents by French Government
to, 202
_Hallowell_ (British naval officer), escorts Elfi to Egypt, 221;
opinion of Elfi, 221
_Hamilton_ (Sir William, British Minister in Naples, 1730-1803), and
Neapolitan appeal for a British squadron in Mediterranean, 39
_Hamilton_ (William, British antiquarian on Elgin’s staff); his views
as to French rule in Egypt, 208-209
_Hardenberg_ (Prussian Minister), proposes partition of Turkey, 264
_Hastings_ (Warren, 1732-1818, Governor-General of British India).
Treaty of Commerce with Muhammad Bey of Egypt, 3; recognition of
Egypt’s importance, 3; memorandum of on French occupation of Egypt, 64
_Hauterive_ (Maurice, Comte d’, French diplomat, 1754-1830), proposes
alliance with Austria at expense of Turkey, 234
_Hawkesbury_ (Robert Banks Jenkinson, 2nd Earl Liverpool, 1770-1828),
and the Preliminaries of London, 139-141; and the Porte’s
participation in Congress of Amiens, 142
_Hayes_ (British officer of artillery), engaged in repairing
fortifications of Cairo, 182
_Heliopolis_, Turks defeated near by Kléber, 118
_Hompesch_ (Ferdinand de, 1744-1805, Master of Order of St. John),
election of, 15
_Hood_ (Sir Samuel, British naval officer, 1762-1814), commands
blockade of Egypt after Battle of Nile, 57; failure to capture fort of
Abukir, 71
_Howick_ (Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey), instructions of, to destroy
French influence in Turkey by military intervention, 242-243
_Husein_ (Capitan Pasha, i.e. Turkish high admiral), reforms of, 200;
rivalry of with Grand Vizier, 170; plot of to arrest Mamelukes,
170-171; alleged agreement with Hutchinson as to terms for Mamelukes,
163
_Huskisson_ (William, 1770-1830), sends to Abercromby a plan for
settling affairs of Egypt, 157
_Hutchinson_ (John Hely, 2nd Earl Donoughmore), succeeds Abercromby to
Chief Command in Egypt, 136; besieges Alexandria, 136; views of as to
settlement of Egyptian affairs, 159-161; extent of his engagements to
Mamelukes, 161; agreement of with Turks on Mameluke’s position, 162;
and the Turkish plot to arrest the Mamelukes, 170-171; his criticism
of the British Government plan as to settlement of Egypt, 173-174
_Ibrahim_ (Mameluke chief); flight to Syria, 51; relations with French
and British agents, 181; loss of influence, 208
_Institut d’Egypte_, foundation of, 75
_“Intercepted Correspondence”_ (French correspondence intercepted by
the British fleet), effects of, 56
_Ionian Islands_, occupied by France, 11
_Ivelich_ (Russian general), intrigues of, in Montenegro, 195
_Jacob_ (Yakoub, Coptic “general” in French service), leaves Egypt
with the French army, 210; aspirations and views attributed to him,
210
_Jaffa_, capture of by French, 83; massacre of garrison of, 83-84
_Jaubert_ (French naval architect), on the mooring of the fleet in
Abukir Bay, 54
_Jonquière_ (C. de la, French military historian), on French
intervention in Switzerland, 20; on invasion of England, 22; on
Napoleon’s relations with Talleyrand, 29
_Joseph II_ (Austrian Emperor), and partition of Turkey, 3
_Joubert_ (Barthelemy, 1769-1799, French general), and _coup d’état_
at the Hague, 21
_Keith_ (George Keith Elphinstone, Viscount, 1746-1823, British
admiral), and withdrawal of French from Egypt, 116, 117, 118
_Khosrev_ (Turkish viceroy of Egypt), 207; character of, 207;
deposition and flight of, 211
_Khourshid_ (Turkish viceroy of Egypt), raised by Mehemet Ali to
Viceroyalty, 224; intrigues against Albanians, 224, 227; revolt of
Cairo against, 227-228
_Kléber_ (Jean Baptiste, 1753-1800, French general), and invasion of
England, 30; goes with Napoleon to Egypt, 33; entrusted by Napoleon
with the Chief Command, 103; Napoleon’s instructions to, 103;
character of, 103; repels Turkish attack on Damietta, 104; gloomy
picture of affairs in Egypt, 105; enters into negotiations with Turks,
104-105; and negotiations relating to the Convention of El Arish,
110-113; change of attitude towards evacuation, 117; resumes
hostilities and defeats Turks near Heliopolis, 118; assassination of,
118
_Koehler_ (George Frederick, British officer), mission of, to improve
Turkish Army, 66, 67, 100; on Turkish plan of operations, 99; Elgin’s
opinion of, 100; account of the Grand Vizier’s army, 132; and the
dissensions between the Turks and Mamelukes, 158
_Kotschubey_ (Russian politician), advises a policy of non-
intervention, 144
_Lascaris de Vintmille_ (Knight of Malta, entered French service,
influence of, on the views attributed to the “Egyptian Delegation,”
210
_Latour-Maubourg_, French _chargé d’affaires_ in Constantinople,
276-277
_Lavalette_ (Antoine-Marie, Comte de, 1769-1830, French general),
mission of, to Aly Pasha of Janina, 44
_Leake_ (William Martin, 1777-1860, British officer and antiquarian),
mission of in Balkans, 193
_Leibnitz_ (Gottfried Wilhelm, 1646-1716, German philosopher),
proposes to Louis XIV the conquest of Egypt, 3
_Lesseps_ (Mathieu de, French Consul in Egypt and father of Ferdinand
de Lesseps of Suez Canal fame), Consul in Egypt, 213; his
instructions, 213; alleged rôle of in rise of Mehemet Ali, 213; good
reception of, 214; changed position of, 215, 216; and the expulsion of
the Mamelukes, 222; his opinion of Mehemet Ali, 222; insecurity of and
devices to save himself, 222, 223; leaves Cairo, and then Egypt, 223,
226
_Levantines_, contribution of, to development of national sentiment,
210
_Liston_ (Sir Robert, British diplomat), Ambassador in Constantinople.
Delayed departure of till 1812, 274
_Liverpool_ (Earl of), see under Hawkesbury.
_Lock_ (Charles), Consul in Egypt, 193; hints to Turks to ask for a
British garrison in Egypt, 194
_Louis_ (Sir Thomas, British admiral), sails to Constantinople to
support diplomacy of Arbuthnot, 239
_Magallon_ (French Consul in Egypt), retires to Alexandria, 2;
proposes invasion of Egypt, 4
_Mahmoud II_ (Sultan of Turkey, 1808-1839), succeeds to throne, 277;
resolution of, 277
_Mailly-de-Chateaurenaud_, mission of to Djezzar, 77
_Maistre_ (Joseph de, French philosopher, 1753-1821), on Admiral
Warren, 189
_Mallet du Pan_ (Jacques, publicist and agent of Emigrés, 1749-1800),
and decline of Napoleon’s popularity, 26
_Malta_, decadence of Order of St. John, 10; designs of France on, 20,
23; surrender to Napoleon, 42-43; retained by British, 188
_Mamelukes_, origins and rule of, 1, 2, 3; first encounter with
Napoleon, 50; defeat near Embabeh, 51-52; abandon Cairo, 51; British
sympathy with, 163; plot of Turks against, 170-171; retirement to
Upper Egypt, 173; weakness of, 210; coalition of with Albanians, 211;
expulsion from Cairo, 222; and second British expedition, 250-251;
massacre of, 280
_Marie-Caroline_ (Queen of Naples, 1752-1814), and French Republic, 38
_Mehemet Ali_, early career of, 211; description of, 211; attitude of
during coalition of Mamelukes with Albanians, 212; his rise not due to
foreign help, 207, 228-229; sets Bardissy against Elfi, 221; expels
Mamelukes from Cairo, 222; raises Khourshid to Pashalik, 224; wins
over populace, 227; defeats Mameluke intrigue, 231; and the second
British expedition, 248, 250, 251-252; convention of with the British,
260; policy of, after 1807, 279, 280-281; massacre of the Mamelukes,
279; relations with Great Britain, 282-283; and with France, 283;
campaign against Wahabis, 284; summary of results of his rule, 284
_Melville_ (see under Dundas)
_Mengin_ (French resident in Cairo and historian of Mehemet Ali),
correspondent of French Government, 178; statement on the rise of
Mehemet Ali, 228-229; persuades Mamelukes not to join British, 250-251
_Menou_ (Jacques-François de, called Abdalla, French general,
1750-1810), succeeds Kléber, 118; career of, 119; character of, 119;
policy, 119-120; projects of reform, 121 _et seq._; relations with
generals, 125-127; confirmed by Napoleon, 128; and invasion by Turks
and British, 135; defeated near Alexandria, 136; surrender of
Alexandria, 137
_Merlin de Douai_ (Philippe-Auguste, French politician, 1754-1838),
and the responsibility for the French expedition, 30
_Mickaïl Sabbagh_ (Syrian resident in Cairo), 178
_Miot de Melito_ (Comte André François, 1762-1841), and Talleyrand’s
disbelief in efficacy of negotiations with the Turks, 35; and
Napoleon’s motives for proposing Talleyrand to be Ambassador, 36
_Missett_ (British officer); agent in Egypt, 182; and coalition of
Albanians with Mamelukes, 212; and Bardissy and Lesseps, 215;
humiliating position of, 216; leaves Cairo, 223; enmity to Mehemet
Ali, 225; his opinion of Lesseps, 225; and the rise of Mehemet Ali,
230; and second British expedition to Egypt, 248; leaves Egypt with
the army, 260-261; return of, 261
_Monge_ (Gaspard, French mathematician, 1746-1818), commissioner to
Divan, 72; president of institute, 75
_Montenegro_, under Russian protection, 195
_Moore_ (Sir John, British general, 1761-1809), and Belliard’s
surrender of Cairo, 137; criticism of British policy in 1807, 261
_Morier_ (J. P.), mission of, to Egypt, 116, 295-296; memorandum on
Egyptian affairs, 164; Consul in Morea, 193, 195
_Morkoff_, Russian Minister in Paris, 143
_Murad_ (Mameluke chief), commands Mameluke army, 50; defeated in
Embabeh, 51-52; retires to Upper Egypt, 51, 52, 75; and Turkish
designs, 159; joins British, 159; death of, 159
_Musourouski_, Russian Consul in Cattaro. Intrigues in Montenegro, 195
_Mustafa IV_ (Sultan of Turkey, 1807-1808), succeeds Selim III, 226
_Napoleon_, and the East, 9; reading in youth, 10; and Malta, 11, 12,
15; and Greeks, 12; and Talleyrand, 13; designs on Turkey, 12, 13;
justifies Campo-Formio, 16; and invasion of England, 17, 21, 29;
mission of Poussielgue to Malta, 18; conversations with Bourrienne,
21; and Directory, 24, 25, 26; and Republic, 25; to invade Egypt, 30,
31, 33; proposes Talleyrand to Constantinople embassy, 36; captures
Malta, 43, 44; in Mediterranean, 46-47; captures Alexandria, 47;
proclamation to Egyptians, 48; march on Cairo, 49-50; encounters with
Mamelukes, 50, 51, 52; enters Cairo, 51; and the fleet, 53-54, 55; and
principles of administration, 71-72, 123-124; Divan, 72; forced
contributions, 73; conquest of Upper Egypt, 75; founds institute, 75;
and Nelson’s victory, 77; overtures to Djezzar and Porte, 76, 77-78;
Invasion of Syria, 81-83; massacre of prisoners in Jaffa, 84; siege of
Acre, 85-88; relations with the Druses, 85; defeats Turks at Mont
Tabor, 86-87; and Sidney Smith, 86, 88-89; return to Egypt, 89;
defeats Turks in Abukir, 101; return to France, 102, 103; instructions
to Kléber, 103; efforts to keep Egypt, 127, 128; and convention of El
Arish, 128; and Kléber’s allegations, 128; confirms Menou, 128; and a
naval armistice with Britain, 128; mission of Descorches, 129-130;
relations with Paul, 130; Thiers and Fortescue on Egyptian Expedition,
137; first mission of Sebastiani, 146; peace with Turkey, 154; second
mission of Sebastiani, 178-179; Sebastiani’s report, 180, 301-308; and
partition of Turkey, 184; sends Brune as Ambassador to Turkey, 186;
Turkey refuses to recognise his change of title, 202; on duties of
commercial agents, 229; recognition by Turkey, 233; peace with
Austria, 234, 235; Sebastiani Ambassador in Constantinople, 235;
mission of Gardane in Persia, 252; and Tilsit, 263; and Erfurt, 272;
and Mehemet Ali, 226
_Nelson_ (Horatio, Viscount Nelson, 1758-1805); to command in
Mediterranean, 40; appears before Malta, 41, 42; operations in
Mediterranean, 44-45, 46; appears before Alexandria, 45; Battle of the
Nile, 55, 56; plans after victory, 56-57
_Novosiltsoff_ (Russian diplomat), mission to London, 197, 198
_Omar Makram_ (a savant of Cairo), and rise of Mehemet Ali, 227, 228
_Order of St. John_, expulsion of from Malta, 43
_Osman Hasan_ (Mameluke chieftain), character of, 208
_Otto_ (Louis-Guillaume, French diplomat, 1754-1817), negotiates
Preliminaries of London, 139-141
_Paget_ (Sir Arthur), mission of, to Constantinople, 253, 255-256,
258-260; and Mehemet Ali, 261
_Panghalo_, Russian agent in Balkans, 194
_Paul_ (Russian Emperor, 1796-1801), and French Revolution, 38, 60;
and Turkey, 68, 71; relations with Napoleon, 130
_Phélippeaux_ (Antoine de, Royalist officer, 1768-1799), and Sidney
Smith, 80; and siege of Acre, 84, 86, 87
_Pitt_ (William), and a British squadron in Mediterranean, 39; his
opinion of Elgin, 167; second administration, 192; and Russian designs
on Turkey, 195-199
_Porte_ (Sublime Ottoman Porte). (See under Turkey.)
_Poussielgue_ (Jean-Baptiste, French official and agent), negotiates
convention of El Arish, 111; sent as agent in Malta, 18, 19, 23
_Pozzo di Borgo_ (Charles André, diplomat in Russian service,
1764-1842), mission of, in Turkey, 253, 254, 258-259
_Prussia_, and Russia and Turkey, 238
_Raphaïl_, a monk resident in Cairo, 178
_Reubell_ (Jean-François, French politician, 1747-1807), and
Talleyrand, 27, note 5
_Reinhardt_, succeeds Talleyrand as Minister of Foreign Affairs, 98
_Rome_, French intervention in, 20
_Rose_ (J. H., British historian), and conclusion of peace between
France and Turkey, 153; and Pitt’s attitude to Russia in East, 195;
and restoration of peace between Britain and Turkey, 271
_Rosetti_ (Carlo, Venetian, and later Austrian Consul in Egypt),
mission to Murad, 52
_Roumiantsoff_ (Russian Chancellor), interviews with Caulaincourt, 266
_Royer_ (Pharmacist of French army and resident in Cairo), and
administration of poison to invalid soldiers, 177; corresponded with
French Government, 177
_Ruffin_ (French _Chargé d’Affaires_ in Constantinople), and the
French expedition, 36, 59, 62
_Russia_, and Turkey, 186, 188, 192, 197, 203-206, 236, 236-237;
occupation of Danubian principalities, 241; evacuation of Ionian
Islands and Cattaro, 264; and armistice of Slobodzie, 264; and treaty
of Bucharest, 278
_St. Vincent_ (John Jervis, Earl of, 1735-1823, British admiral), and
French preparations, 39-40; opinion of Preliminaries of London, 141
_Sandoz-Rollin_ (Prussian Minister in Paris, and decline of popularity
of Napoleon, 26; and Bernadotte incident in Vienna, 36
_Sebastiani_ (Horace, Comte de, Marshal of France, 1772-1851), first
mission in Near East, 146; character of, 178; second mission, 178-180,
301-308; effect of report, 188; Ambassador in Constantinople, 235;
helps in defence of Constantinople, 247
_Selim I_ (Sultan of Turkey, 1512-1520), conquers Egypt, 1, 2
_Selim III_ (Sultan of Turkey, 1789-1807), opposition to his reforms
and deposition, 258; murder of, 266
_Sergio_, Russian agent in Balkans, 195
_Sherbrooke_ (British general, signs convention with Mehemet Ali, 264,
297
_Slobodzie_, armistice of, 264
_Smith_ (John Spencer, British Minister in Constantinople), and
landing of French in Egypt, 39; and Anglo-Turkish alliance, 60-61, 68;
agrees to issue of passports to French soldiers, 107
_Smith_ (Sir William Sidney, 1764-1840, British admiral); sent to the
Levant, 64-65; and St. Vincent and Nelson, 65; accredited in a
diplomatic capacity, 65; signs Treaty of alliance with Turkey, 68;
plans, 79-81; and siege of Acre, 84-88; and Napoleon, 86-89, 104; and
Turkish attack on Damietta, 104; and negotiations of Convention of El
Arish, 108-114, 298-299; recall of, 118; relations with Mamelukes,
158; and invasion of Egypt by troops from India, 134
_Spain_, and French alliance, 8; and French naval operations, 93-94,
96, 97
_Spencer_ (George John, 2nd Earl Spencer, 1758-1834), and a British
squadron in the Mediterranean, 39, 40; and the sending of Sidney Smith
to Levant, 65
_Staël_ (Mme. de), and French intervention in Switzerland, 20; and
Talleyrand’s ministry, 26
_Starhemberg_ (Austrian Ambassador in London), and a British fleet in
the Mediterranean, 39
_Stewart_ (British officer), failure in capture of Rosetta, 249
_Straton_, mission of, in Egypt, 172; hint to Porte to apply for a
British force to Egypt, 193
_Stratford de Redcliffe_. (See under Canning, Stratford)
_Strogonoff_, mission of, in London, 236-237
_Stuart_ (Sir John, Count of Maida, British general, 1759-1815); his
mission to Turkey, 175, 176-177; and mission of Blantyre, 181;
evacuates Egypt, 182; and Elfi, 183; and missions of Missett and
Hayes, 182; and Mamelukes, 183
_Switzerland_, French intervention in, 20
_Syria_, French invasion of, 81-83
_Tahir_ (Chief of Albanian soldiery in Egypt), seizes power, 211;
invites Mamelukes to Cairo, 211; murder of, 211
_Talleyrand-Perigord_ (Charles Maurice, Prince de Bénévent,
1754-1838), Minister of Foreign Affairs, 13, 26; and Napoleon, 13; and
Egypt as a colony, 15, 27; Views on foreign policy, 26 _et seq._;
relations with Rewbell, 27, note 5; diplomatic preparations of French
expedition, 35; to be Ambassador in Turkey, 36, 91-92; suggests
evacuation of Egypt, 98; resigns, 98; his treaties with Ali and
Morkoff, 143; presents to Halet, 202; and an alliance with Austria,
234; at Erfurt, 272
_Tallien_ (Jean-Lambert, French politician, 1767-1820); intrigues
against Menou, 126
_Tamara_ (Russian envoy in Constantinople), and the “ruse de guerre,”
295-296; and Sebastiani, 146-147
_Tambourdji_ (Mameluke chief), succeeds Murad, 159; joins British, 159
_Thiers_ (Adolphe, French statesman and historian, 1797-1873), and
French expedition, 137
_Thugut_ (Austrian Chancellor), and a British fleet in the
Mediterranean, 39
_Tilsit_, Treaty of, 262, 264
_Troubridge_ (Sir Thomas, British admiral, 1758-1807), 41
_Turkey_, and French preparations, 58; and invasion of Egypt, 58-60;
and alliance with Britain and Russia, 60-61; war plans, 70; war
measures, 70, 71, 74; defeat in Abukir and Damietta, 101, 104; to
issue passports to Frenchmen, 106, 295-296; ratifies Convention of El
Arish, 116; and Treaty of Amiens, 145, 146, 152; intentions regarding
Mamelukes, 158; and Sebastiani’s report, 180; projects of
dismemberment of, 184, 185, 186; and alliance with Russia and England,
192; condition and prospects of reform, 200-201; relations with
Russia, England and France, 201, 202, 203-206, 238-239, 241, 244, 247;
and Elfi, 230; and Battle of Austerlitz, 233, 233-234; mission of
Pozzo di Borgo, 253, 254, 258-259; mission of Paget, 253, 255-256,
258-260; and alliance with France, 257-258; and Tilsit, 262, 267-268;
peace of the Dardanelles, 271; and massacre of Mamelukes, 280
_Ulemas_ (Egyptian learned-men), character of, 209
_Vaubois_ (Claude Henri, Comte de, French general), commander in
Malta, 44
_Vehid_, Turkish envoy to Napoleon’s Court in Warsaw, 257
_Vizier_. (See under Yusuf Zia)
_Venice_, and Treaty of Campo-Formio, 11
_Volney_ (Constantin, Comte de, French traveller and publicist,
1757-1820); his voyage to Egypt, 4
_Vorontsoff_ (S., Russian Ambassador in London), and Russia and
Turkey, 196
_Warren_ (Sir John Borlase, admiral and Ambassador in Russia,
1753-1822), abilities of, 189-190
_Wauchope_ (British officer), failure to capture Rosetta, 249
_Wellesley_ (Richard, Marquess, 1760-1842), on sending a force from
India against the French in Egypt, 134; relations with neighbouring
states, 155-156; Foreign Secretary, 274
_Windham_ (William, 1750-1810), and British expedition to Egypt, 134
_Wilson_ (Sir Robert Thomas, 1777-1849, British general), and affairs
in Egypt, 210; mission of, to Russia, 268-269
_Yaakub_. (See under Jacob)
_York_ (Duke of, Frederick August, 1763-1827), and mission of Koehler,
67
_Yusuf Zia_ (Grand Vizier of Turkey), character of, 99-100; to act
against French in Egypt, 100; and French overtures, 105; defeat of
near Heliopolis, 118; agreement with Hutchinson, 163; and Capitan
Pasha, 170
_Zouboff_ (Valerien), and intervention in Georgia, 144