[Footnote 51: _Correspondance_, III, 2195.]
[Footnote 52: Pasha of Scutari, 16 Aug., 1797, _Correspondance_, III,
2104.]
[Footnote 53: 17 Oct., 1796, _ibid._, II, p. 60.]
[Footnote 54: 16 Sept., 1797, _ibid._, III, 2212.]
[Footnote 55: 23 Sept., 1797, _Correspondance_, III, 2247. Minister of
Marine reported against this, 5 Oct., Jonquière, I, p. 35 note.]
[Footnote 56: 17 July, Hardman, op. cit., p. 8.]
[Footnote 57: 23 Sept., Pallain, p. 153.]
[Footnote 58: Talleyrand to Bonaparte, 27 Sept., 1797, Pallain, p. 156.]
[Footnote 59: _Ibid._ to _ibid._, 8 Oct. The letter is not given by
Pallain. Jonquière, I, p. 38 note.]
[Footnote 60: The Directory to Bonaparte, 21 Oct. Jonquière, I, p. 39.
Barras, _Memoirs_, III, p. 65.
La Revellière-Lépeaux (_Memoirs_, II, p. 367) falsely asserts that the
Directory had no knowledge of the project of purchasing Malta.]
[Footnote 61: Bonaparte to Talleyrand, 18 Oct., _Correspondance_, III,
2307.]
[Footnote 62: Sandoz to his Court, 28 Oct., in Bailleu, _Mémoires of La
Revellière-Lépeaux_, II, pp. 271-80.]
[Footnote 63: Jonquière, I, p. 41.]
[Footnote 64: The Directory to Bonaparte, 27 Oct., Jonquière, I, p. 42.]
[Footnote 65: _Ibid._, I, p. 41, note 1.]
[Footnote 66: _Ibid._, I, p. 43.]
[Footnote 67: _Ibid._, I, p. 44, 30 Oct.]
[Footnote 68: He said to Miot: “They [the Directors] are poor creatures.
. . . They are jealous of me, I know, and notwithstanding all their
flattery, I am not their dupe. . . . They were in a great hurry to make
me general of the army of England, so that they might get me out of
Italy, where I am the master, and am more of a sovereign than of an army
commander. . . .” _Memoirs of Miot de Melito_, Eng. Trans., I, p. 226.]
[Footnote 69: Bonaparte to the Directory, 5 Nov., 1797,
_Correspondance_, III, 2321.]
[Footnote 70: _Correspondance_, III, 2332, 2334, 2335, 2336.]
[Footnote 71: To Citizen Haller, 9 Nov., _Correspondance_, III, 2337.]
[Footnote 72: To Vignolle, 11 Nov., _Correspondance_, III, 2345, 2346.
To Scherer, 14 Nov., Jonquière, I, p. 49 note.]
[Footnote 73: To the Directory, 12 Nov., _Correspondance_, III, 2354.]
[Footnote 74: _Ibid._]
[Footnote 75: _Correspondance_, III, 2168, 2169. Bonaparte ordered 500
copies of the book.]
[Footnote 76: “Echelles du Levant.”]
[Footnote 77: Instructions, dated 12 Nov., _Correspondance_, III, 2355.]
[Footnote 78: To the Directory, 12 Nov., _Correspondance_, III, 2354.]
[Footnote 79: These instructions not in the _Correspondance_, Jonquière,
I, p. 60. They were sent with Eugène Beauharnais.]
[Footnote 80: _Correspondance_, III, 2364.]
[Footnote 81: 26 Nov., Jonquière, I, p. 59 note.]
[Footnote 82: _Ibid._, I, p. 67.]
[Footnote 83: _Ibid._, I, p. 68.]
[Footnote 84: _Correspondance_, 14 Dec., III, 2388. Jonquière (I, pp.
71-2) adds a lacking portion.]
[Footnote 85: Jonquière, I, p. 73.]
[Footnote 86: Joseph to Poussielgue, Jonquière, I, p. 73.]
[Footnote 87: The employees of the Bureau Central placed, 4 Jan., 1798,
on the “Autel de la patrie,” the sum of 4739 francs for the expenses of
the invasion. Aulard, op. cit., IV, p. 519. The employees of the Police
collected 2000 francs for the same end. Aulard, op. cit., IV, p. 504.]
[Footnote 88: Jonquière, I, 83-4.]
[Footnote 89: Decrees dated 7 Dec., 1797, 4 Jan., 1798, 18 Jan.
Jonquière, I, pp. 85-6.]
[Footnote 90: A report of the Minister of Police of 22 Jan. states that
the loan had given small result. Jonquière, I, p. 86. Mallet du Pan (to
the Court of Vienna, 28 Jan.) states that the object of the decrees was
to pillage the merchants.]
[Footnote 91: Cf. des Odoards, _Histoire philosophique de la Révolution
française_, VIII, p. 285. Guyot, _Le Directoire et la paix d’Europe_
(chap. xiv) has shown that the desire of Bonaparte to control the
Simplon Road largely accounts for the invasion of Switzerland.]
[Footnote 92: _Considérations sur la Révolution française, Œuvres_, II,
p. 400.]
[Footnote 93: Jonquière, I, p. 87 note. “Bernese Treasure” amounted to
25 million francs, Fournier, I, p. 142.]
[Footnote 94: 8 Jan., _Correspondance_, III, 2401. Forfait’s report,
Jonquière, I, p. 93.]
[Footnote 95: 7 Feb., _Correspondance_, III, 2414.]
[Footnote 96: _Ibid._]
[Footnote 97: _Memoirs_, I, p. 200.]
[Footnote 98: _Memoirs_, I, p. 198.]
[Footnote 99: Bourrienne’s many errors in matter of dating. The
_Memoirs_ were really composed by Villemarest from Bourrienne’s notes.]
[Footnote 100: Cf. _Correspondance_, XXIX, p. 362.]
[Footnote 101: To Caffarelli, 7 Feb.]
[Footnote 102: 12 Feb., _Correspondance_, III, 2415.]
[Footnote 103: _Ibid._, 2416, 2417.]
[Footnote 104: _Ibid._, 2416, 2417.]
[Footnote 105: _Ibid._, 2416, 2417.]
[Footnote 106: Jonquière, I, pp. 122-3.]
[Footnote 107: Report dated 8 Feb., 1798, in extenso, Jonquière., I, p.
126 f.]
[Footnote 108: Cf. Charles de Thuisy to Grenville. “Poussielgue
apportoit des lettres de recommendation pour ceux qui pouvaient le
servir en ses projets, donna des banquets scandaleux aux principaux amis
de la Révolution, se lia étroitement à tous ses co-opérateurs, enfin
arrêta tous ses plans.” _Dropmore Papers_, IV, p. 340.]
[Footnote 109: Jonquière, I, p. 125 note.]
[Footnote 110: 16 Dec., Jurien de la Gravière, _Guerres Maritimes_, I,
p. 324.]
[Footnote 111: Jonquière, I, p. 138.]
[Footnote 112: Jurien de la Gravière, op. cit., I, p. 325, where the
date is wrongly given as 11 Jan.]
[Footnote 113: Minister of Marine to Brueys, 12 Feb., _ibid._, I, p.
327.]
[Footnote 114: _Memoirs of Miot de Melito_, Eng. Trans., I, pp. 188-9.
Contrast what he says of the Republic with what he wrote in his
Jacobinical days, Rose, _The Personality of Napoleon_, p. 47.]
[Footnote 115: _Memoirs_, I, p. 226.]
[Footnote 116: _Memoirs_, III, p. 124. The grounds of this assumption
were alleged to be the necessity of his controlling the movements of
troops during the negotiations with the imperial plenipotentiaries at
Rastadt. Talleyrand to Barras, 30 (?) Nov., 1797, Jonquière I, p. 60
note.]
[Footnote 117: Fournier, I, pp. 140-2.]
[Footnote 118: Fournier, I, p. 140.]
[Footnote 119: _Ibid._]
[Footnote 120: _Memoirs of Bourrienne_, I, p. 197.]
[Footnote 121: Cf. Thibaudeau, II, p. 336.]
[Footnote 122: _Bourrienne_, I, p. 198.]
[Footnote 123: _Considérations_, Œuvres de Mme. de Stael, II, p. 400.]
[Footnote 124: _Ibid._]
[Footnote 125: _Dropmore Papers_, IV, 149.]
[Footnote 126: Thibaudeau, II, p. 336.]
[Footnote 127: Michel’s _Correspondance du Mallet du Pan_.]
[Footnote 128: Bailleu.]
[Footnote 129: _Memoirs_, I, p. 196.]
[Footnote 130: _Ibid._, pp. 196, 197.]
[Footnote 131: Thibaudeau, II, p. 336.]
[Footnote 132: _Ibid._, II, p. 342.]
[Footnote 133: Pallain, XXV.]
[Footnote 134: _Ibid._, XLII-LVI.]
[Footnote 135: Pallain, XXXIX.]
[Footnote 136: Printed as an appendix to the first volume of Bulwer’s
_Historical Characters_, 2 vols., London, 1868. The advantages may be
summed up in one sentence: by establishing new colonies France will get
rid of the restless and reckless. _See_ pp. 456-7 especially.]
[Footnote 137: Sybel, V, pp. 169, 170, 243.]
[Footnote 138: _Ibid._]
[Footnote 139: Sandoz Rollin wrote to his Court on 18 March, 1798:
“‘Savez-vous, m’a dit Talleyrand, que tandis que le Directoire crie
guerre contre l’Angleterre moi, je crie au contraire paix, comme le
dernier terme de ses ressources? . . . L’on se fâche quand je parle, de
la sorte, et l’on ne veut pas être éclairé . . .’ Il dissimulait ainsi
une scène très vive qui s’est passée il y a peu de jours entre le
directeur Rewbell et lui, ‘Que parlez-vous de faire la paix avec
l’Angleterre! disait l’autre, vous êtes le seul qui puissiez avancer une
telle absurdité; je ne sais plus qu’un seul moyen de lui procurer la
paix, c’est de l’humilier et de la subjuguer.’” Bailleu.]
[Footnote 140: 27 Jan., 1798, Jonquière, I, pp. 588-90.]
[Footnote 141: _Ibid._, I, p. 154 f.]
[Footnote 142: e.g. Rose in _Cambridge Modern History_, VIII, p. 596.]
[Footnote 143: Pallain, pp. 210-11. _See also_ Talleyrand to Bonaparte,
21 Feb., pressing him to go to Rastadt, Pallain, p. 206.]
[Footnote 144: As early as January, 1793, an official report issued at
Paris advocated an alliance with Tippoo Sahib and recommended that the
French force should threaten or secure the Dutch possessions at the Cape
of Good Hope and in Java and Ceylon. Rose, _Pitt and the Great War_, p.
250.
In the session of the Directory of 28 Feb., 1796, a memorandum was
submitted from one Gonly on restoring French establishments in the
Indies. This done, he declared, England would ask for peace on her
knees. Debidour, _Actes du Directoire Executif_, I, p. 704.
The 20 Nov., 1797, General Jourdan wrote to Barras on the subject and
offered himself for the command, _Memoirs of Barras_, III, p. 114.
The 23 July, 1797, Talleyrand himself submitted three _Mémoires_ on the
subject, Jonquière, I, p. 169.]
[Footnote 145: _Correspondance_, III, 2419.]
[Footnote 146: Jonquière, I, p. 176.]
[Footnote 147: Marmont (_Mémoires_, I, p. 347): “Huit jours suffirent
pour lui démontrer la disproportion entre le but et les moyens.” On his
return he said to Marmont: “Il faut en revenir à nos projets sur
l’Orient.”]
[Footnote 148: These measures are summed up in a letter from Bonaparte
to Caffarelli of 25 Feb., _Correspondance_, III, 2421.]
[Footnote 149: Jonquière, I, pp. 184-5, mentions these modifications.]
[Footnote 150: _Ibid._, I, p. 186.]
[Footnote 151: Quoted from a _Mémoire Justificatif_, by Jonquière, I, p.
190.
_Mémoires du Roi Joseph_, I, pp. 69-70, that the initiative was not
taken by Bonaparte.
_Memoirs of Barras_, II, p. 340 f. That he was opposed to it, that La
Revellière Lépeaux was persuaded to consent by Bonaparte’s promise to
spread his “theo-philanthropie” among the Egyptians, that Merlin and
François wished to get rid of the military faction.
_Mémoires of La Revellière-Lépeaux_, II, p. 340 f. That the suggestion
came from Bonaparte, but that he was opposed to it.
_Talleyrand’s share_. On 22 Feb., 1798, Sandoz wrote to his Court of a
conversation with Talleyrand: “J’ai proposé en effet une entreprise qui
pourra étendre la sphère de nos colonies et éclairer l’histoire du
monde,” viz. to conquer Egypt with 40,000 troops. On 19 April, Sandoz
wrote that Talleyrand admitted that it was he and Magallen who were the
authors of the enterprise.
Botta, _Histoire d’Italia_, Fr. Trans., III, pp. 160-6, makes an
original statement, namely, that Pitt was the real author of the
Expedition! “C’est là une des opérations les plus admirables de
Guillaume Pitt.”]
[Footnote 152: Mme. de Stael, _Considérations_, Œuvres, II, p. 400.]
[Footnote 153: Thibaudeau, _Mémoires_, II, pp. 345, 346.]
[Footnote 154: Bourrienne, _Memoirs_, I, p. 207.]
[Footnote 155: Sybel, V, pp. 244-50.]
[Footnote 156: _Ibid._]