THE ARMY AS IT IS
Few changes have been made in the drill or manœuvres of the army
since 1880, except in the direction of reducing the number of the
latter, and simplifying and giving freedom of action in the former.
Greater attention is now paid to practical instruction, and to the
value of continued training in marching, coupled with care for the
soldiers’ feet, after the day’s march, and clothing. Thus the truth of
Wellington’s remark is recognised, that “battles are as much won by
feet as by arms.”
Examinations for promotion are more searching, selection for
appointments to command the rule rather than the exception; while every
possible care is taken to ensure the retention of men who know their
work. Sir Evelyn Wood bears evidence that “in tactical skill, officers
of all ranks have improved to a very great degree; but the improvement
in military spirit, in eagerness to learn, and to submit cheerfully to
great physical discomforts is even more remarkable, and this spirit
reacts naturally on the lower ranks.”
The armament of all arms is altering. In the cavalry the front ranks
of all heavy and medium regiments are armed with the lance, as well
as sword and carbine, and only the hussars retain the two latter for
both ranks. Every effort is being made to lighten the enormous weight a
cavalry horse has to carry.
The artillery re-armed with a steel breech-loading, chambered,
12-pounder gun, has a very high velocity, and hence a very flat
trajectory. This, for many purposes admirable, lessens the “searching”
effect of artillery fire, and in foreign armies howitzer batteries and
even field-mortar batteries are being experimented on.
Quick-firing guns are openly advocated for field service, and high
explosives will render iron or steel turrets and stone fortifications
both vulnerable, and dangerous to the defenders. Of late years, not
only has Shoeburyness continued its useful work as the great centre of
experimental work with large and small guns, but Okehampton has been
utilised as a practice-ground for field artillery under conditions
approximating to those of actual war.
The use of smokeless powder has changed in many ways the tactical
application of the three arms. It is no longer easy to estimate
exactly the extent of front of a battery of guns, nor even its exact
position, nor can the fact of its fire being diminished by loss
be so readily ascertained as when the smoke gave the information
wanted. So, throughout the field generally, there is no smoke screen
to hide the assailants from view, and greater exposure may involve
more serious loss in attack. Similarly, the length of the enemy’s
line of battle, and the extent to which it is occupied, will so far
perplex the attacking commander, that unnecessarily wide turning
movements may be expected, with consequent loss of time. Furthermore,
the friction caused by the velocity of the cordite gas, with its
naturally chemically corrosive action, tends to destroy barrels, and
so render, earlier than heretofore, the weapon inaccurate. As regards
the infantry, they have been armed with a Lee-Mitford small-bore rifle,
with a calibre of ·303 inch, and having a muzzle velocity with cordite
of 2000 feet a second, and a consequent range of 1900 yards. The long
bayonet has been replaced by a short dagger, not unlike the first
pattern of “plug-bayonet” which fitted into the muzzle of the arquebus.
The weapon has an extremely flat trajectory, but it is improbable that
the small diameter of the bullet would stop an Arab rush unless it
found its billet in a vital part. Its penetration into wood is such
that simple stockades, or even old brick walls, would be vulnerable
before the new rifle. The number of rounds carried in the magazine is
ten. Much stress is now laid on “field-firing” against targets with
unknown ranges, arranged as far as possible under service conditions.
Long-ranged fire, even up to 3000 mètres, has been tried in France, but
in England there is a tendency, with many officers, to deprecate the
use of small-arm ammunition at extreme ranges.
The general direction of the improvement in firearms is to lessen the
size of the bore and increase the flatness of the trajectory. Thus
the high-angled fire of the Snider, converted from the muzzle-loading
Enfield, was changed for the Martini-Henry, in every way a more deadly
weapon, and this, as has been already remarked, has given way to an
even smaller bored rifle. And with the increased rapidity of fire and
the larger number of rounds of the lighter ammunition that can be
carried, the bayonet, that was lengthened in 1878, was reduced to its
present dimensions.
Muzzle-loading guns have been replaced by breech-loaders, and the steel
muzzle-loading guns used in Abyssinia by screw guns, which can be put
together and fired within a minute from the time the two mules, which
carry the parts, halt.
Machine guns, such as the Gatling, Gardner, and Nordenfeldt, will
probably give way to the automatic Maxim.
Since the campaign of 1870 to 1871, greater attention has been paid to
visual signalling by flag or flash, and the field telegraph is much
more actively employed, and accompanies, as far as possible, the army
up to the point of attack.
In England, considerable attention has been paid to night marching and
night attacks, as being the only method under favourable circumstances
of crossing, unseen, the fire-swept zone now so much more extended than
formerly.
Balloons, captive and free, form part of the equipment of an army
corps, and officers are trained both in their use and in reconnoitring
from them. They were employed in the operations round Suakin, but are
difficult to manage in windy weather, as they found on that occasion.
Uniform has altered little, but helmets were issued in 1877 to all
but Highland and Fusilier Regiments; and since that date the Rifle
headdress has been restored, as well as the peculiar shako of the
Highland Light Infantry. Badge and rank chevrons were formerly worn
by all light infantry regiments on both arms, but this was abandoned,
though the old 43rd still wore them up to 1881.[72] The abolition
of purchase in 1872 rendered the army possibly more professional,
but certainly not, as was imagined, less expensive. It destroyed,
however, the “right” claimed by officers who had purchased to different
treatment from that which would naturally follow under a non-purchase
system. Curiously enough, the alteration was hardest on the poor man
who rose from the ranks, as he, on his retirement, frequently received
a large sum for the “regulation” and “over regulation” price of his
commission.
* * * * *
But the two greatest changes have been the introduction of short
service, and the territorialisation of the regiments of the army; both
of which measures have opponents as well as friends.
There is much misconception about the former, certainly. Its enemies
quite forget that there was practically no alternative, that we are
living in the end of the nineteenth century, not the beginning. The
so-called Long Service Act of 1847, with its ten years’ service for the
first period with the colours, and the right, if of good character, to
extend it to twenty-one years for pension, did not provide sufficient
recruits for a meagre army, and, as the Crimea proved, gave not only
an insufficient number of men, but no reserves at all. When peace was
signed, we had boy soldiers in the ranks much as we have now, many of
the older men having perished; yet they fought well, as they always
have done. Outside the first line there were foreign legions and
militia, and that was all. The times even then were past since an
army of 25,000 men was considered a respectable command for a serious
European war; and the change in the conditions is even greater now,
with all Europe an armed camp, and the armies themselves counting as
many thousands as they did hundreds “when George the Third was king.”
Nor was the longer service Act of 1867 any better. It gave twelve years
with the colours and nine of re-engaged time to obtain pension. But the
army then was more under its proper strength annually than before.
The plain fact is, that an army of even the dimensions of our own
cannot attract a sufficient number of recruits for so long a period
as ten or twelve years. You can get enough men to do so for a force a
few thousands strong, like the Royal Marine Corps, but not for an army
which has to put in fifteen or sixteen years in such climates as some
parts of India or Burmah.
Short service was inevitable, and since its introduction the army
has rarely, I believe never, been below its numerical strength.
The question of reserves, important as that is, and of good
non-commissioned officers is quite beside the question. Neither would
be worth a row of pins without a sufficient number of men, however
young, in the ranks. Besides, if serious war comes, the same method
will be adopted that was in vogue in the much-belauded long service
days. Battalions were weeded then as they are now, and though they had
permanently a larger proportion of older men in the ranks to stiffen
the regiments, the same stiffening can always be got from the reserves
whenever it is wanted. Our previous system gave us nothing, absolutely
nothing, to fall back on; our present system gives us, if we want them,
some 100,000 old soldiers whom we can claim as a right.
No one prefers boy soldiers to stout men. No one for choice would take
very young men for sergeants. But if the State will not offer greater
inducements, if the nation will not pay the cost, then you must do the
best you can with the materials you can purchase in the open labour
markets of this country.
Lord Wolseley, whose experience of war in all its aspects is second to
none, has always expressed himself in terms of the strongest approval
of our young soldiers, who have done their duty so well, and without a
murmur, and yet are maligned by those who ought to know better.
In his last despatch from the Nile, in June 1885, he thus refers to
the lads who had undergone the severe strain of the campaign, and with
comparatively so little loss. “It is a source of great pride to me as
a soldier, and of satisfaction as a British subject, that upon each
fresh occasion when I am brought in contact with Her Majesty’s troops
in the field, I find the army more efficient as a military machine than
it was the last time I was associated with it on active service. This
improvement is evident in all grades and in all arms and departments,
but it is, I think, more marked in the rank and file. Military
spirit--the essence of military efficiency--is now established in our
army in a higher form and on a sounder basis than formerly. I attribute
the improvement in moral tone that undoubtedly exists, in no small
degree, to the abolition of flogging, and I believe that amongst the
officers who have lately had practical experience in the field, even
those previously in favour of retaining the lash as a punishment on
active service, now fully recognise that many advantages have resulted
from its total abolition. The soldier is prouder of himself and of his
calling than he used to be, and his self-esteem has also been raised by
the healthy feeling of liberty arising from the knowledge that if the
army does not suit his tastes, he can easily quit it, instead of being
bound to it for ten or twelve years. Our rank and file are morally
better, and militarily more efficient, than formerly. The general
conduct and bearing of our men in the Sudan left nothing to be desired,
and was not only creditable to the British army, but should be also a
just source of pride to the British nation.”
Nor in comparison with foreign armies equally on a peace footing is
there anything to complain of as regards the length of service of the
men serving, for out of battalions of between 500 and 600 men there
were in British battalions 245, in German 59, and in French but 23
men of three years’ service and upwards. Similarly, the Continental
recruit ranges in height from 5 feet to 5 feet 1½ inches, with a chest
measurement of 30.8 inches, but with an age of 20 years; while our
“boys” of 18 have a height of 5 feet 4 inches, with a chest of 33
inches.
Even the cry that reservists cannot find employment is an exaggeration,
as the report of Lord Wantage’s Committee shows; for it was proved that
of 32,700 reservists, 75 per cent. were in regular employ.
Turning to the territorialisation of the regiments, there again must be
necessarily conflicting opinions. Those who think regimental prestige
is lost with a name, must have a very poor opinion of what prestige
really is. Have the navy no _esprit de corps_? And yet theirs is for
their _profession_, not for H.M.S. _Bacchante_ or the _Melpomene_.
It must not be forgotten, too, that many of the existing regiments
have borne other numbers. Has their efficiency been lessened because
they had to put 82 instead of 83 on their forage caps in past years?
Doubtless it is not worth while changing for changing’s sake; but
when administration is simplified, the working of the short service
system (which is in a sense forced on us) and recruiting improved, then
those who object must show a better case than that of objection merely
because they don’t like it.
There is the strongest evidence that the bulk of the men not only don’t
care about the dead and gone numbers, but prefer the territorial title.
In the presence of some officer, whose enthusiasm clings like ivy round
the past glories of the “Onety-oneth,” they may, for obvious reasons,
express themselves differently; but, when alone, they do as everybody
else does, outside a small and decreasing group of men who live, as
archæologists do, in a dead past, and use the local name, which to them
has a more distinct meaning.
Of course it is to be regretted that the army is not strong enough to
do the foreign service it is called upon to perform; that of the two
battalions, now tied together as they were formerly linked, one cannot
always be at home. But that simply comes from the numerical weakness
of the army, and has nothing to do with the system. True, the home
battalion is practically a secondary depôt, and why not? So long as the
foreign, and often active service, battalion is strong, what does it
matter?
So the army in 1881 was territorialised, as it had previously been
linked. The linking was less symmetrical than the new plan, for two
battalion regiments like the 17th were formerly linked with a single
battalion like the 45th. As far as possible, too, battalions that had
during their regimental history been formed in the same or neighbouring
districts were joined under the same designation. There were of course
difficulties, and ludicrous ones at times, as when the 100th Royal
_Canadians_ are united with the 3rd _Bombay_ European Regiment to form
the _Leinster_ Regiment; but these are of no great moment now, and will
be quite forgotten in another fifty years.
But more than grouping battalions of the regular army together is the
uniting in one common bond the other parts of our fighting strength.
The addition of militia to the regiment, and of the volunteers to the
same, both promotes a real and wider _esprit de corps_, and facilitates
recruiting in every way. To hear a Hampshire volunteer say he is
leaving his volunteer battalion to “join our fighting battalion,”
meaning thereby the 1st regular battalion then on foreign service,
expresses very fully the union that, given time and patience, will
eventually exist between all branches of our fighting strength.
Hence, therefore, rightly or wrongly, as opinions differ, the army
is divided into English regiments with white facings, Scotch (4
Battalions) with yellow facings, and Irish (1 Battalion) with green
facings; but the Royal Irish and the Scottish Rifles have dark green,
all Royal Regiments blue, the East Kent Regiment buff, the Rifle
Brigade black, and the King’s Royal Rifles scarlet facings. Similarly
the garrison artillery are partially territorialised, but the cavalry
are not so.
The latest change in the administrative branches is the conversion of
the formerly noncombatant “Commissariat and Transport Department” into
the combatant “Army Service Corps,” and the officering of that force by
selected officers after a searching course of training and examination.
Much more serious attention is paid, too, to the food of the soldier
and military hygiene generally. A quarter of a century ago the ration
of bread and meat was eked out by a grocery ration limited both in
dimensions and variety. Now, without extra cost to the soldier, and
solely by better management and better cooking, he fares not as well
as, but better than, many a family in civil life of presumably a better
position. Thus the weekly dietary, in a company of a line regiment at
Aldershot not long since, comprised for breakfast a selection (every
day having a fresh combination) from tea, cocoa, porridge and milk,
bloaters, rissoles, bacon, brawn, corned beef, and cold boiled bacon;
for dinner, pea soup, roast meat stuffed, potatoes, Irish stew, plain
suet pudding, barley soup, meat pies, brown curry and rice, currant
rolls, lentil soup, baked meat, haricot beans, sea pies, rice pudding
and Yorkshire pudding; and for tea, marmalade, dripping, soused
herrings, cheese, kippers, and jam. Not only is the dietary therefore
more varied and appetising, but the men trained at the cookery school
are fully qualified to cook it properly.
In other respects the army has altered little. The profession is
naturally conservative, and does not care to try new armour unless
it has proved it. But the story of the army tells this--that in two
hundred years it has increased from 3000 men to nearly 667,000 putting
aside local colonial troops and our admirable Indian army. This number
is composed of
Regular Army 216,688
Army Reserve 80,000 }
Militia Reserve 30,000} 110,000
Militia 75,000
Volunteers 255,000
Yeomanry 9,500
Of this force, about 110,000 of the regular troops are serving abroad
and the remainder at home; while, though no new regiments have been
added since 1870, the army has increased in number by 29,000 men, and
this without the faintest opposition. All the former dread of it,
whether real or affected, has passed away. In place of it has grown up
the feeling that it has won the nation’s affection, and has earned and
holds its confidence.
Meanwhile, in many a small matter of daily life there is a survival of
long-forgotten military ideas. The acts of courtesy of removing one’s
hat or shaking hands with an ungloved hand are, after all, but baring
the unarmoured head and using the unmailed, and therefore friendly,
hand. With the soldier’s salute, the dropping of the sword-point is
exposing the unguarded breast, the “present arms” but offering the
power of firing the weapon to the person saluted. Passing right hand
to right hand is but being on one’s guard, and having the power of
easily standing on the defensive. Even the two useless buttons on the
back of the man’s coat may be but the survival of the means whereby the
sword-belt was kept up.
In the names of bachelor, esquire, and soldier live those of _bas
chevalier_ (inferior knight), _escuyer_, and _solde_, or pay. In the
expression “pulling the long bow” survives the spirit of some of the
tales told by stout yeomen over strong ale. In the fantastic flourishes
that surround the helmet and shield in the painted coat-of-arms is seen
still the mantling that covered the tilting _heaulme_.
The army is as much part of the social and national life of England as
its commercial marine, or its police force. It does the same duty on a
large scale for the former as do the latter on a smaller scale in civil
life. It protects the commercial enterprise of our merchant princes,
finds new outlets for our manufacturers. It guards our seaports at home
and abroad; it assists the civil police against the proletariat, and
that without creating real hostility.
It represents the fighting spirit that has made the nation what it is
and has enlarged its boundaries. It has given us what without its aid
would have been impossible--external and internal safety.
And, most of all, it has preserved unsullied our national honour. Where
the flag flies over British fighting men, there our lads behave as
becomes true Englishmen, and face death fearlessly. The spirit that
braced the nerves of the men of Lincelles, Albuhera, and Inkerman lives
still in their descendants, and those who fought and fell before the
Arab rush at Abu Klea may well stand in the nation’s esteem side by
side with our heroes of the past.
APPENDIX I
THE PRINCIPAL CAMPAIGNS AND BATTLES IN WHICH THE BRITISH ARMY
HAVE BEEN ENGAGED SINCE 1658.
Aboukir 8th March 1801
Abu Klea, Sudan 17th January 1885
Abu Kru, Sudan 19th January 1885
Abyssinia 1867-68
Aden 19th January 1839
Afghanistan 1841-42
Afghanistan 1878-80
Agra 17th October 1803
Ahmedabad 12th August 1780
Ahmednuggur 12th August 1803
Ahmed Kehl 19th April 1880
Albuhera 16th May 1811
Alexandria 21st March 1801
Ali Musjid 21st Nov. 1878
Aliwal 28th January 1846
Alkmaar 6th October 1799
Allyghur 4th Sept. 1803
Alma 20th Sept. 1854
Almanara 28th July 1710
Almanza 14th April 1707
Almaraz 19th May 1812
Almeida 26th August 1810
Amboyna 17th Feb. 1810
America 1775-81
Amoaful 31st January 1874
Antwerp 5th May 1814
Arcot 31st August 1751
Arcot 31st October 1780
Argaum 29th Nov. 1803
Arnee 2nd June 1782
Arroyo des Molinos 28th October 1811
Ashanti 1874
Assaye 23rd Sept. 1803
Asseerghur 8th April 1819
Aughrim 12th July 1691
Ava 24th Feb. 1826
Badajos 6th April 1812
Balaklava 25th October 1854
Baltimore 11th Sept. 1814
Banda 8th March 1810
Bangalore 21st March 1791
Barcelona 1705 to 8th May 1706
Barrosa 5th March 1811
Bayonne 22nd Feb. to 14th April 1814
Belleisle 7th June 1761
Benevente January 1809
Beni-Boo-Ally 2nd March 1821
Bergen 19th Sept. 1799
Bergen-op-Zoom 8th March 1814
Bhurtpore 2nd April 1805
Bhurtpore 18th January 1826
Bidassoa 7th October 1813
Bladensburg 24th August 1814
Blenheim 13th August 1704
Bothwell Brig 22nd June 1679
Bouchain 13th Sept. 1711
Bourbon 21st Sept. 1809
Boyne 1st July 1690
Brandywine 11th Sept. 1777
Brooklyn 27th August 1776
Brunx 28th October 1776
Buenos Ayres 28th June 1806
Buenos Ayres 5th July 1807
Bunker’s Hill 17th June 1775
Burmah 1824-26
Burmah 1852-53
Burmah 27th Sept. 1810
Bushire 10th Dec. 1856
Buxar 23rd October 1764
Cabool 12th October 1842
Camden 16th August 1780
Campen 15th October 1760
Campo-Mayor 25th March 1811
Candahar 10th March 1842
Candahar 1st Sept. 1880
Canton 5th Jan. 1858
Cape of Good Hope September 1795
Cape of Good Hope 9th January 1806
Cape of Good Hope 1846-47; 1850-53; and 1877-79
Carthagena April 1741
Cateau 26th April 1794
Cawnpore 17th July 1857
Caya 7th May 1709
Central India 1857-58
Charasiah 5th October 1879
Chateaughay 26th October 1813
Cherbourg 5th August 1758
Chillianwallah 13th January 1849
China 1840-43
China 1856-60
Chrystler’s Farm 11th Nov. 1813
Ciudad Rodrigo 19th January 1812
Condore 8th December 1758
Coomassie 4th Feb. 1874
Copenhagen 2nd April 1801
Copenhagen 8th Sept. 1807
Corbach 10th July 1760
Corsica 17th June 1794
Corunna 16th January 1890
Crimea 1854-55
Crabbendam 10th Sept. 1799
Cuddalore 13th July 1783
Culloden 16th April 1746
Deig 13th October 1804
Delhi 11th Sept. 1803
Delhi 20th Sept. 1857
Denkern 15th July 1761
Detroit 16th August 1812
Dettingen 16th June 1743
Dominica 22nd Feb. 1805
Douay 25th June 1710
Douro 12th May 1809
Dunkirk 17th Sept. 1793
Egmont-op-Zee 2nd October 1799
Egypt 1801
Egypt 1882
El Bodon 25th Sept. 1811
El Teb 29th Feb. 1884
Emsdorf 16th July 1760
Famars 23rd May 1793
Ferozeshah 22nd Dec. 1845
Flushing 15th August 1809
Fontenoy 30th April 1745
Freehold 28th June 1778
Fuentes d’Onoro 5th May 1811
Germantown 3rd October 1777
Ghent 30th Sept. 1708
Ghuznee 23rd July 1839
Ghuznee 6th Sept. 1842
Gibraltar 10th March 1705
Gibraltar 22nd Feb. 1727
Gibraltar 5th February 1783
Ginghilovo 2nd April 1879
Goojerat 21st February 1849
Grenada 24th March 1796
Guadaloupe February 1810
Gueldermalsen 8th January 1795
Guildford 15th March 1781
Hashin 25th March 1885
Havannah 14th August 1762
Helder 27th August 1799
Hulst 5th May 1747
Hyderabad 24th March 1843
Ingogo 8th Feb. 1881
Indian Mutiny 1857-59
Inkerman 5th November 1854
Ionian Islands 12th October 1809
Isandula 22nd Jan. 1879
Java 18th Sept. 1811
Jellalabad 7th April 1842
Kambula 29th March 1879
Kassassin 28th Aug. 1882
Khelat 13th Nov. 1839
Kirbekan 10th Feb. 1885
Kirkee 5th Nov. 1817
Kooshab 8th February 1857
Laing’s Nek 28th Jan. 1881
Leswaree 1st Nov. 1803
Lexington 19th April 1775
Liège 23rd October 1702
Lincelles 18th August 1793
Lisle 23rd October 1708
Llerena 11th April 1812
Louisburg 26th July 1758
Lucknow July to Nov. 1857
Lucknow 21st March 1858
Maestricht 2nd July 1673
Magdala 13th April 1868
Maharajpore 29th Dec. 1843
Maheidpore 21st Dec. 1817
Maida 4th July 1806
Maiwand 17th July 1880
Majuba Hill 27th Feb. 1881
Malavelly 27th March 1799
Malplaquet 11th Sept. 1709
Malta 5th Sept. 1800
Mandora 13th March 1801
Mangalore September 1783
Manilla 5th October 1762
Marabout 21st August 1801
Martinique 5th February 1762
Martinique 16th March 1794
Martinique 7th March 1809
Masulipatam 1769
Matagorda 22nd April 1810
Mauritius 2nd Dec. 1810
Meeanee 17th Feb. 1843
Miami 5th May 1813
Minden 1st August 1759
Minorca 1708
Minorca 29th June 1756
Minorca 5th February 1782
Minorca 15th Nov. 1798
Monte Video 3rd February 1807
Moodkee 18th Dec. 1845
Mooltan 2nd January 1849
Morales 2nd June 1813
Moro (Havannah) 14th August 1762
Nagpore 24th Dec. 1817
Namur 20th August 1695
Neer-Hespen 18th July 1705
Neer-Landen 19th July 1693
New Orleans 13th January 1815
New Zealand 1861-63
Niagara 1814
Nieuport 24th October 1793
Nile 1884-85
Nimeguen 8th Nov. 1794
Nive 9th to 13th December 1813
Nivelle 10th Nov. 1813
Nundydroog 18th October 1791
Orthes 27th February 1814
Oudenarde 11th July 1708
Pegu 21st Nov. 1852
Pekin 12th October 1860
Peninsula 1808-14
Persia 1856-57
Perak 1875
Pewar Kotal 2nd Dec. 1878
Plassy 23rd June 1757
Plattsburg 11th Sept. 1814
Pondicherry 23rd August 1793
Porto Novo 1st July 1781
Prestonpans 21st Sept. 1745
Punniar 29th Dec. 1843
Pyrenees 2nd August 1813
Quatre Bras 16th June 1815
Quebec 13th Sept. 1759
Queenstown 13th October 1812
Ramillies 23rd May 1706
Rangoon 5th May 1824
Rangoon 14th April 1852
Rediuha 11th March 1811
Reshire 9th December 1856
Roliça 17th August 1808
Rolicund
Rorke’s Drift 22nd Jan. 1879
Rosetta 21st April 1807
Roucoux 1st October 1746
Sabugal 3rd April 1811
Sahagun 21st Dec. 1808
Salamanca 22nd July 1812
San Sebastian 31st Aug. 1813
Saragossa 20th August 1710
Savendroog 21st Dec. 1791
Schellenburg 2nd July 1704
Scylla 17th January 1809
Sedgmoor 6th July 1685
Seringapatam 15th May 1791
Seringapatam 6th February 1792
Seringapatam 4th May 1799
Sevastopol 8th Sept. 1855
Sholingur 27th Sept. 1781
Sillery 28th April 1760
Sobraon 10th Feb. 1846
Steenkirk 24th July 1692
Stillwater 19th Sept. 1777
St. John’s 13th Nov. 1775
St. Lucia 28th Dec. 1778
St. Lucia 4th April 1794
St. Lucia May 1796
St. Lucia 22nd June 1803
St. Sebastian 31st August 1813
St. Vincent 14th February 1797
Suakin 1885
Surinam 30th April 1804
Taku Forts 21st August 1860
Talavera 27th and 28th July 1809
Tamai 13th March 1884
Tangier 1680 to 1683
Tarbes 20th March 1814
Tarifa 31st Dec. 1811
Tel el Kebir 13th Sept. 1882
Ternate August 1810
Ticonderoga 8th July 1758
Tofrik April 1885
Tongres 10th May 1703
Toulon 19th Dec. 1793
Toulouse 10th April 1814
Tournay 10th Sept. 1709
Tournay 18th May 1794
Transvaal 1881
Ulundi 4th July 1879
Umbeylah or Ambela 1865
Val 20th June 1747
Valenciennes 28th July 1793
Venloo 23rd Sept. 1702
Villers en Couche 24th April 1794
Vimiera 21st August 1808
Vittoria 21st June 1813
Walcourt 25th August 1689
Wandewash 22nd January 1760
Warbourg 31st July 1760
Waterloo 18th June 1815
Wilhelmstahl 14th June 1762
Wynendale 28th Sept. 1708
York Town 19th October 1781
Zululand 1879
APPENDIX II
LIST OF REGIMENTS, WITH THEIR FORMER NUMBERS AND THEIR PRESENT
TITLES, IN ORDER OF PRECEDENCE
--------------------+------------------------+--------------------------
NAME. | FORMER TITLE.[73] | PRESENT TITLE.
--------------------+------------------------+--------------------------
_Cavalry._ | |
| |
The Life Guards. | First and Second | The same
The Royal Horse | The “Blues” | ”
Guards | |
1st Dragoon Guards | The King’s | ”
2nd ” | Queen’s Bays | ”
3rd ” | Prince of Wales’s | ”
4th ” | Royal Irish | ”
5th ” | Princess Charlotte of | ”
| Wales’s |
6th ” | Carabiniers | ”
7th ” | Princess Royal’s | ”
1st Dragoons | Royal | ”
2nd ” | Royal North British | Royal Scots Greys
| (Scots Greys)[74] |
3rd Hussars | The King’s Own | The same
4th ” | The Queen’s Own | ”
5th Lancers | Royal Irish | ”
6th Dragoons | Inniskilling | ”
7th Hussars | The Queen’s Own | ”
8th ” | The King’s Royal Irish | ”
9th Lancers | The Queen’s Royal | ”
10th Hussars | The Prince of Wales’s | ”
| Own Royal |
11th ” | Prince Albert’s Own | ”
12th Lancers | The Prince of Wales’s | ”
| Royal |
13th Hussars | None | None
14th ” | The King’s | The same
15th ” | The King’s | ”
16th Lancers | The Queen’s | ”
17th ” | None | The Duke of Cambridge’s
| | Own[75]
18th Hussars | ” | None
19th ” | ” | Princess of Wales’s Own
20th ” | ” | None
21st ” | ” | ”
| |
_Infantry._ | |
| |
Grenadier Guards | 1st, 2nd, and 3rd | The same
| Battalions |
Coldstream ” | 1st and 2nd Battalions | ”
Scots Fusilier[76] ”| 1st and 2nd Battalions | ”
1st Regiment | The Royal | The Royal Scots (Lothian
| | Regiment)
2nd ” | The Queen’s Royal | (Royal West Surrey
| | Regiment)
3rd ” | East Kent--The Buffs | (East Kent Regiment)
4th ” | The King’s Own Royal | (Royal Lancaster
| | Regiment)
5th ” | Northumberland | The same
| Fusiliers |
6th ” | Royal 1st Warwickshire | The Royal Warwickshire
| | Regiment
7th ” | Royal Fusiliers | (City of London Regiment)
8th ” | The King’s | (Liverpool Regiment)
9th ” | East Norfolk | The Norfolk Regiment
10th ” | North Lincolnshire | The Lincolnshire Regiment
11th ” | North Devonshire | The Devonshire Regiment
12th ” | East Suffolk | The Suffolk Regiment
13th ” | Prince Albert’s Light | The Prince Albert’s
| Infantry | (Somersetshire Light
| | Infantry)
14th ” | Buckinghamshire | The Prince of Wales’s Own
| | (West Yorkshire
| | Regiment)
15th ” | Yorkshire East Riding | The East Yorkshire
| | Regiment
16th ” | The Bedfordshire | The Bedfordshire Regiment
17th ” | Leicestershire | The Leicestershire
| | Regiment
18th ” | The Royal Irish | The Royal Irish Regiment
19th ” | 1st Yorkshire North | The Princess of Wales’s
| Riding | Own[77] (Yorkshire
| | Regiment)
20th ” | The East Devonshire | The Lancashire Fusiliers
21st ” | Royal North British | Royal Scots Fusiliers[78]
| Fusiliers |
22nd ” | The Cheshire | The Cheshire Regiment
23rd ” | Royal Welsh Fusiliers | The same
24th ” | The 2nd Warwickshire | The South Wales Borderers
25th ” | The King’s Own | The King’s Own Scottish
| Borderers | Borderers
_N.B_--All these regiments had two battalions.
26th Regiment | The Cameronian | 1st Cameronians (Scottish
| | Rifles)
27th ” | Inniskilling | 1st Royal Inniskilling
| | Fusiliers
28th ” | North Gloucestershire | 1st Gloucestershire
| | Regiment
29th ” | Worcestershire | 1st Worcestershire
| | Regiment
30th ” | Cambridgeshire | 1st East Lancashire
| | Regiment
31st ” | Huntingdonshire | 1st East Surrey Regiment
32nd ” | Cornwall Light Infantry| 1st Duke of Cornwall’s
| | Light Infantry
33rd ” | Duke of Wellington’s | 1st West Riding Regiment
34th ” | Cumberland | 1st Border Regiment
35th ” | Royal Sussex | 1st Royal Sussex
36th ” | Herefordshire | 2nd Worcestershire
| | Regiment
37th ” | North Hampshire | 1st Hampshire Regiment
38th ” | 1st Staffordshire | 1st South Staffordshire
| | Regiment
39th ” | Dorsetshire | 1st Dorsetshire Regiment
40th ” | 2nd Somersetshire | Prince of Wales’s
| | Volunteers, 1st South
| | Lancashire Regiment
41st ” | The Welsh | 1st Welsh Regiment
42nd ” | Royal Highland (Black | 1st Black Watch (Royal
| Watch) | Highlanders)
43rd ” | Monmouthshire Light | 1st Oxfordshire Light
| Infantry | Infantry
44th ” | East Essex | 1st Essex Regiment
45th ” | Nottinghamshire | 1st Sherwood Foresters
| (Sherwood Foresters) | (Derbyshire Regiment)
46th ” | South Devonshire | 2nd Duke of Cornwall’s
| | Light Infantry
47th ” | Lancashire | 1st Loyal North
| | Lancashire Regiment
48th ” | Northamptonshire | 1st Northamptonshire
| | Regiment
49th ” | Princess Charlotte of | 1st Royal Berks Regiment
| Wales’s (Herts) |
50th ” | The Queen’s Own | 1st Royal West Kent
| | Regiment
51st ” | 2nd Yorkshire, West | 1st King’s Own (Yorkshire
| Riding (the King’s | Light Infantry)
| Own Light Infantry) |
52nd ” | Oxfordshire Light | 2nd Oxfordshire Light
| Infantry | Infantry
53rd ” | Shropshire | 1st The King’s
| | (Shropshire Light
| | Infantry)
54th ” | West Norfolk | 2nd Dorsetshire
55th ” | Westmoreland | 2nd The Border
56th ” | West Essex | 2nd Essex
57th ” | West Middlesex | 1st Duke of Cambridge’s
| | Own (Middlesex)
58th ” | Rutlandshire | 2nd Northamptonshire
59th ” | 2nd Nottinghamshire | 2nd East Lancashire
60th ” | King’s Royal Rifle | The same
(4 battalions) | Corps |
61st Regiment | South Gloucestershire | 2nd Gloucestershire
62nd ” | Wiltshire | 1st Duke of Edinburgh
| | (Wilts)
63rd ” | West Suffolk | 1st Manchester
64th ” | 2nd Staffordshire | 1st The Prince of Wales
| | (North Staffordshire)
65th ” | 2nd Yorkshire, North | 1st York and Lancaster
| Riding |
66th ” | Berkshire | 2nd Princess Charlotte of
| | Wales’s (Royal Berks)
67th ” | South Hampshire | 2nd Hampshire
68th ” | Durham Light Infantry | 1st Durham Light Infantry
69th ” | South Lincolnshire | 2nd Welsh
70th ” | Surrey | 2nd East Surrey
71st ” | Highland Light | 1st Highland Light
| Infantry | Infantry
72nd ” | Duke of Albany’s Own | 1st Seaforth Highlanders,
| Highlanders | Ross-shire Buffs (The
| | Duke of Albany’s)
73rd ” | Perthshire | 2nd Black Watch (Royal
| | Highlanders)
74th ” | Highland Regiment | 2nd Highland Light
| | Infantry
75th ” | None[79] | 1st Gordon Highlanders
76th ” | None | 2nd Duke of Wellington
| | (West Riding)
77th ” | East Middlesex | 2nd Duke of Cambridge’s
| | Own[80] (Middlesex)
78th ” | Highland Regt. | 2nd Seaforth Highlanders
| (Ross-Buffs) | (Ross-shire Buffs),
| | The Duke of Albany’s
79th | Cameron Highlanders | Queen’s Own Cameron
(1 battalion)[81] | | Highlanders[82]
80th Regiment | Staffordshire | 2nd South Staffordshire
81st ” | Loyal Lincoln | 2nd Loyal North Lancaster
| Volunteers |
82nd ” | Prince of Wales’s | 2nd Prince of Wales’s
| Volunteers | Volunteers (South
| | Lancaster)
83rd ” | County Dublin | 1st Royal Irish Rifles
84th ” | York and Lancaster | 2nd York and Lancaster
85th ” | Bucks Volunteers | 2nd The King’s
| (King’s Light | (Shropshire Light
| Infantry) | Infantry)
86th ” | Royal County Down | 2nd Royal Irish Rifles
87th ” | Royal Irish Fusiliers | 1st Princess Victoria’s
| | (Royal Irish Fusiliers)
88th ” | Connaught Rangers | 1st Connaught Rangers
89th ” | Princess Victoria’s | 2nd Princess Victoria’s
| | (Royal Irish Fusiliers)
90th ” | Perthshire Volunteers | 2nd Cameronians
| (Light Infantry) | (Scottish Rifles)
91st ” | The Argyleshire | 1st Princess Louise’s[83]
| Highlanders | (Argyle and Sutherland
| | Highlanders)
92nd ” | Gordon Highlanders | 2nd Gordon Highlanders
93rd ” | Sutherland Highlanders | 2nd Princess Louise’s
| | (Argyle and Sutherland)
94th ” | None | 2nd Connaught Rangers
95th ” | Derbyshire | 2nd Sherwood Foresters
| | (Derbyshire)
96th ” | None | 2nd Manchester
97th ” | Earl of Ulster’s | 2nd Queen’s Own (Royal
| | West Kent)
98th ” | None | 2nd Prince of Wales’s[84]
| | (North Staffordshire)
99th ” | Lanarkshire | 2nd Duke of
| | Edinburgh’s[85] (Wilts)
100th ” | Prince of Wales’s | 1st Prince of Wales’s
| Royal Canadians | Leinster (Royal
| | Canadians)
101st ” | Royal Bengal Fusiliers | 1st Royal Munster
| | Fusiliers
102nd ” | Royal Madras ” | 1st Royal Dublin
| | Fusiliers
103rd ” | Royal Bombay ” | 2nd Royal Dublin
| | Fusiliers
104th ” | Bengal Fusiliers | 2nd Royal Munster
| | Fusiliers
105th ” | Madras Light Infantry | 2nd King’s Own (Yorks
| | Light Infantry)
106th ” | Bombay ” | 2nd Durham Light Infantry
107th ” | Bengal Infantry | 2nd Royal Sussex
108th ” | Madras ” | 2nd Royal Inniskilling
| | Fusiliers
109th ” | Bombay ” | 2nd Prince of Wales’s
| | Leinster (Royal
| | Canadians)
Rifle Brigade | The Prince Consort’s | The same
(4 battalions) | Own |
--------------------+------------------------+--------------------------
APPENDIX III
LIST OF BADGES, MOTTOES, AND GENERAL NICKNAMES OF THE ARMY.
---------------+----------------+----------------+------------------------
NAME. | BADGE. | MOTTO. | NICKNAMES.
---------------+----------------+----------------+------------------------
1st Life Guards| The Royal Arms | | “Cheeses,” “Piccadilly
2nd Life Guards| ” | | Butchers,” “The Tin
| | | Bellies,” “Patent
| | | Safeties”
Royal Horse | ” | | “Blue Guards,” “Blues,”
Guards | | | “Oxford Blues”
1st Dragoon | Royal Cipher | | “K. D. G.’s,” “The
Guards | within Garter| | Trades Union”
2nd ” | ” | | “The Bays,” “The Rusty
| | | Buckles,”[86] “The
| | | 2nd Horse”
3rd ” | Plume of Prince| | “The Old Canaries”
| of Wales | |
| within Garter| |
| crowned. Red | |
| Dragon and | |
| Rising Sun | |
4th ” | Irish Harp | “_Quis separa- | “The Blue Horse,”
| within Garter| bit?_”[87] | “Godfrey’s Horse,”
| crowned. Harp| | “The Royal Irish”
| and Crown and| |
| Star of St. | |
| Patrick | |
5th ” | V. D. G. | “_Vestigia | “The Green Horse,”
| in Garter | nulla | “Green Dragoon
| crowned | retrorsum_” | Guards,” “Cog’s
| | | Horse”
6th ” | Crossed | | “The Carbs,”
| Carbines | | “Tichborne’s Own,”
| within a | | “9th Horse”
| Garter | |
| crowned | |
7th ” | 7. D. G. in | | “The Black Horse,” “The
| Garter | | Blacks,” “Virgin
| crowned | | Mary’s Guard,”
| | | “Strawboots”
1st Dragoons | Crest of | “_Spectamur |
| England | agendo_” |
| within Garter| |
| crowned, and | |
| Eagle | |
2nd ” | Thistle within | “_Second to | “Scots Greys,” “Old
| a Garter | None_” and | Greys,” “Grey
| crowned. | “_Nemo me | Dragoons,” “Scots
| Eagle with | impune | Regiment of White
| “Waterloo” | lacessit_” | Horses,” “Bubbly
| | | Jocks”
3rd Hussars | White Horse | “_Nec aspera | “Lord Adam Gordon’s
| within Garter| terrent_” | Life Guards,”
| crowned | | “Bland’s Dragoons”
4th ” | V. R. within | | “Paget’s Irregular
| Garter | | Horse”
| crowned | |
5th Lancers | V. R. within | “_Quis | “Royal Irish,” “The
| Garter | separabit_” | Daily Advertisers,”
| crowned. Harp| | “The Red Breasts”
| and Crown | |
6th Dragoons | Castle of | | “The Black Dragoons,”
| Inniskilling,| | “The Old
| with the S. | | Inniskillings,” “The
| George’s | | Skillingers”
| colours | |
| within Garter| |
| crowned | |
7th Hussars | V. R. within | | “Old Straws,” “Black
| Garter | | Horse,” “Young Eyes,”
| crowned | | “Strawboots,” “The
| | | Lilywhite Seventh,”
| | | “The Old Saucy
| | | Seventh”
8th ” | Harp within | “_Pristinæ | “St. George’s,” “The
| Garter | virtutis | Cross-Belts,” “The
| crowned. | memores_” | Dirty 8th,”[88] “The
| Harp crowned | | King’s”
9th Lancers | V. R. within | | “Wynne’s Dragoons,”
| Garter | | “The Delhi Spearmen,”
| crowned | | “The Queen’s”
10th Hussars | Prince of | | “Baker’s LightBobs,”
| Wales’s Plume| | “The Chainey Tenth,”
| within Garter| | “Don’t Dance
| crowned. The | | Tenth”[89]
| Prince of | |
| Wales’s | |
| Plume. The | |
| Red Dragon. | |
| The Rising | |
| Sun | |
11th ” | Sphinx in | “_Treu und | “The Cherry Pickers,”
| Garter | fest_” | “The Cherubims”
| crowned. | |
| Sphinx with | |
| “Egypt.” | |
| Prince | |
| Consort’s | |
| Crest | |
12th Lancers | Prince of | | “The Supple Twelfth”
| Wales’ Plume | |
| in Garter | |
| crowned. Red | |
| Dragon. | |
| Rising Sun. | |
| Prince of | |
| Wales’s | |
| Plume. Sphinx| |
| and “Egypt” | |
13th Hussars | V. R. in Garter| “_Viret in | “The Green Dragoons,”
| crowned | æternum_” | “The Ragged Brigade,”
| | | “The Evergreens,”
| | | “The Geraniums,”
| | | “Gardiner’s
| | | Dragoons,” “Great
| | | Runaway
| | | Prestonpans”[88]
14th ” | Royal Crest in | | “Hamilton’s Runaways,”
| Garter | | “Ramnuggur Boys,”
| crowned. | | “The Emperor’s
| Prussian | | Chamber maids”
| Eagle | |
15th ” | Royal Crest in | “_Merebimur_” | “Fighting Fifteenth,”
| Garter | | “Elliot’s Light
| crowned | | Horse”
16th Lancers | V. R. within | “_Aut cursu aut| “The Red Lancers,”
| Garter | cominus | “The Queen’s”
| crowned | armis_” |
17th Lancers | Skull and Cross| Death’s Head | “Death or Glory Boys,”
| bones within | “_or Glory_” | “Skull and Cross
| a Garter | | Bones,” “Bingham’s
| crowned | | Dandies”
18th Hussars | V. R. within | “_Pro Rege, pro| “Drogheda Light Horse”
| Garter | Lege, pro |
| crowned | Patria |
| | conamur_” |
19th ” | V. R. within | | “The Dumpies”
| Garter | |
| crowned. | |
| Elephant | |
20th Hussars | V. R. within | | “The Dumpies”
| Garter | |
| crowned | |
21st Hussars | ” | | ”
Royal Artillery| Royal Arms and | “_Ubique._” | “The Gunners”
| Supporters. | “_Quo fas et |
| A field gun | gloria |
| with rammer | ucunt_” |
Royal Engineers| Royal Arms and | ” | “The Mudlarks,” “The
| Supporters | | Sappers”
Grenadier | A grenade. | | “Sandbags,”
Guards | Also, 1st | | “Coal-heavers,” “Old
| battalion, | | Eyes,” “Bermuda
| the Crown; | | Exiles”
| 2nd | |
| battalion, | |
| Royal Cipher | |
| crowned; 3rd | |
| battalion, | |
| same as 2nd, | |
| but with a | |
| pile wavy | |
Coldstream | The Star of the| | “Nulli Secundus Club,”
Guards | Garter, for | | “Coldstreamers”
| 1st | |
| battalion; | |
| 2nd | |
| battalion, | |
| Eight-pointed| |
| Star within | |
| Garter | |
| crowned | |
Scots Guards | The Thistle. | “_En! Ferus | “The Jocks”
| Sphinx with | Hostis._” |
| “Egypt.” 1st | “_Unita |
| battalion, | Fortior_” |
| Royal Arms of| |
| Scotland | |
| crowned; 2nd | |
| battalion, | |
| Union Badge | |
| crowned | |
Royal Scots | V.R. within St.| | “Douglas’s Ecossais,”
(1st) | Andrew’s | | “Pontius Pilate’s
| Collar | | Bodyguard”
| crowned. The | |
| Star of the | |
| Thistle. The | |
| Sphinx with | |
| “Egypt” | |
The Queen’s | The Paschal | “_Pristina | “Kirke’s Lambs,” “The
(2nd) | Lamb. The | virtutis | Sleepy Queen’s,” “1st
| Royal Cipher | memor._” | Tangerines”
| within the | “_Vel exuviæ |
| Garter. The | triumphant_” |
| Sphinx with | |
| “Egypt” | |
The Buffs | Rose and Crown.| “_Veteri | “Buff Howards,” “Old
(3rd) | Dragon. | frondescit | Buffs,” “The
| White Horse | honore_” | Nutcrackers”
| of Kent | |
The King’s Own | V.R. within the| | “Resurrectionists,”
(4th) | Garter. The | | “Barrel’s Blues,”
| Lion. Rose | | “The Lions”
| and Crown | |
Northumberland | St. George and | “_Quo fata | “The Shiners,” “The Old
Fusiliers | the Dragon on| vocant_” | Bold Fifth,” “The
(5th) | a grenade. | | Fighting Fifth,”
| St. George | | “Lord Wellington’s
| and Dragon | | Bodyguard,” “The Old
| alone. Rose | | and Bold”
| and Crown | |
Royal Warwick | Bear and Ragged| | “Guise’s Geese,” “The
(6th) | Staff. | | Warwickshire Lads,”
| Antelope. | | “The Saucy Sixth”
| Rose and | |
| Crown | |
Royal Fusiliers| The united Red | “_Nec aspera | “Hanoverian White
(7th) | and White | terrent_” | Horse,” “Elegant
| Rose within | | Extracts”
| the Garter | |
| crowned.[90] | |
| White Horse | |
The King’s | White Horse | “_Nec aspera | “King’s Hanoverian
(8th) | within the | terrent_” | White Horse”
| Garter | |
| crowned. V.R.| |
| within the | |
| Garter | |
| crowned. | |
| Sphinx with | |
| “Egypt” | |
Norfolk | Britannia over | | “Holy Boys,” “Fighting
(9th) | a castle with| | Ninth,” “Norfolk
| three towers | | Howards”[91]
Lincolnshire | Sphinx and | | “The Springers,” “The
(10th) | “Egypt” | | Lincolnshire
| | | Poachers”
Devonshire | Castle of | “_Semper | “The Bloody Eleventh,”
(11th) | Exeter | fidelis_” | “One and All”
Suffolk | Castle and Key | “_Montis | “Old Dozen,” “The
(12th) | with | insignia | Minden Boys”
| “Gibraltar” | Calpe_” |
Somersetshire | Mural Crown | | “Yellow-banded
Light | with | | Robbers,”
Infantry | “Jellalabad,”| | “Bleeders,”
(13th) | over a Bugle | | “Jellalabad Heroes,”
| stringed with| | “The Illustrious
| a Sphinx and | | Garrison.” (Sergeants
| “Egypt.” The | | wear sash on left
| Sphinx and | | shoulder)
| “Egypt.” | |
West Yorkshire | Prince of | “_Nec aspera | “The Old and Bold,”
(14th) | Wales’s | terrent_” | “Calvert’s Entire,”
| Plume. White | | “The Powo’s”[91]
| Horse. Royal | |
| Tiger | |
East Yorkshire | White Rose in | | “The Snappers,” “The
(15th) | an | | Poona Guards.” (One
| eight-pointed| | of Wolfe’s Regiments)
| Star | |
Bedfordshire | The United Red | | “The Old Bucks,” “The
(16th) | and White | | Peacemakers,” “The
| Rose | | Feather Beds”[92]
Leicestershire | Royal Tiger | | “The Lilywhites,” “The
(17th) | with | | Bengal Tigers,” “The
| “Hindostan” | | Tigers,” “The Green
| | | Tigers”
Royal Irish | Harp crowned | “_Virtutis | “The Namurs”
(18th) | with | Namurcensii |
| Shamrock. The| præmium_” |
| Dragon with | |
| “China.” | |
| Sphinx with | |
| “Egypt.” The | |
| Lion of | |
| Nassau on | |
| shield | |
Yorkshire | White Rose. | | “Green Howards,”
Regiment | Princess of | | “Howard’s Garbage,”
(19th) | Wales’s | | “Howard’s Greens”
| Cipher | |
| crowned | |
Lancashire | Sphinx with | | “Two Tens,” “Minden
Fusiliers | “Egypt.” The | | Boys,” “Kingsley’s
(20th) | Rose. Sphinx,| | Stand”
| and “Egypt” | |
| laurelled on | |
| a grenade | |
Royal Scots | St. Andrew with| “_Nemo me | “Earl of Mar’s
Fusiliers | Thistle | impune | Greybreeks”
(21st) | wreath. The | lacessit_” |
| Royal Arms on| |
| a grenade. | |
| The Thistle. | |
| V.R. crowned | |
Cheshire | The united Red | | “The Two Twos,” “The
Regiment | and White | | Red Knights”
(22nd) | Rose | |
Royal Welsh | Rising Sun. Red| “_Ich Dien._” | “Nanny Goats,” “Royal
Fusiliers | Dragon. | “_Nec aspera | Goats”
(23rd) | Prince of | terrent_” |
| Wales’s Plume| |
| on grenade. | |
| White Horse. | |
| Sphinx and | |
| “Egypt” | |
South Wales | Sphinx and | | “Howard’s Greens,”
Borderers | “Egypt” | | “Bengal Tigers”
(24th) | | |
King’s Own | White Horse. | “_Nec aspera | “Leven’s Regiment,”
Scottish | Castle of | terrent._” | “The Edinburgh
Borderers | Edinburgh. | “_Nisi | Regiment,” “The
(25th) | The Royal | Dominus | Borderers,” “Sevens,”
| Crest. The | frustra._” | “The Brothers”
| Sphinx and | “_In |
| “Egypt” | veritatis |
| | religionis |
| | confido_” |
Cameronians | Sphinx and | | (2nd battalion) “The
(26th and | “Egypt,” | | Greybreeks,” “The
90th) | Dragon and | | Cameronians”
| “China,” | |
| Bugle within | |
| a Thistle | |
| wreath | |
| crowned | |
Royal | Castle of | “_Nec aspera | “The Lamps,” “The Old
Inniskilling | Inniskilling | terrent_” | Muster,”
Fusiliers | with St. | | “Inniskillings.”
(27th and | George’s | |
108th) | colours on a | |
| grenade. The | |
| Sphinx and | |
| “Egypt.” | |
| White Horse | |
Gloucestershire| Sphinx and | | “Old Braggs,” “The
(28th and | “Egypt” (worn| | Slashers” “The Right
61st) | back and | | Abouts,”[93] (2nd
| front) | | battalion)
| | | “Whitewashers”
Worcestershire | The united Red | “_Firm_” | “The Vein Openers,”
(29th and | and White | | “The Old and Bold,”
36th) | Rose | | “Star of the Line,”
| | | (2nd battalion) “The
| | | Saucy Greens”
East Lancashire| Sphinx and | | “Triple X,” “The Three
(30th and | “Egypt.” The | | Tens,” (2nd
59th) | Rose | | battalion) “The
| | | Lilywhites”
East Surrey | United Red and | | “Young Buffs,” “Glasgow
(31st and | White Rose | | Greys,” “Murray’s
70th) | | | Bucks”
Duke of | Red and White | | “The Docs,” “The
Cornwall’s | Rose. Bugle | | Surprisers,” (2nd
Light | crowned | | battalion) “The Red
Infantry | | | Feathers,” “The
(32nd and | | | Lacedemonians”
46th) | | |
West Riding | Elephant with | “_Virtutis | “Havercake Lads,” “Duke
(33rd and | “Hindostan” | fortuna | of Wellington’s Own,”
76th) | Crest of Duke| comes_” | (2nd battalion) “The
| of Wellington| | Immortals,” “The
| | | Pigs,” “The Old Seven
| | | and Sixpennies”
Border (34th | Laurel Wreath. | | (2nd battalion) “The
and 55th) | Dragon with | | Two Fives”
| “China” | |
Royal Sussex | United Red and | | Belfast Regiment, “The
(35th and | White Rose | | Orange Lilies”
107th) | | |
Hampshire | Royal Tiger in | | (2nd battalion) “Royal
(37th and | Laurel Wreath| | Tigers”
67th) | with “India” | |
South | Sphinx and | | “Pump and Tortoise,”
Staffordshire| “Egypt” | | (2nd battalion)
(38th and | | | “Staffordshire
81st) | | | Knots”
Dorsetshire | Sphinx and | “_Montis | “Lankey’s Horse,”
(39th and | “Marabout.” | Insignia | “Green Linnets,”
54th) | The Castle | Calpe._” | (2nd battalion)
| and Key | “_Primus in | “The Flamers”
| | Indis_” |
South | Sphinx and | | “Excellers,” “The
Lancashire | “Egypt.” | | Fighting Fortieth”
(40th and | Prince of | |
82nd) | Wales’s Plume| |
Welsh | Rose and | “_Gwell augau | “1st Invalids,”
(41st and | Thistle | neu | “Wardour’s Regiment,”
69th) | within the | Chwilydd_” | (2nd battalion) “Old
| Garter. | | Agamemnons,” “Ups and
| Prince of | | Downs”
| Wales’s Plume| |
Royal | V.R. within | “_Nemo me | “Black Watch.”
Highlanders | Garter. St. | impune | “_Sauvages
(42nd and | Andrew. The | lacessit_” | d’Ecosse._”
73rd) | Sphinx and | |
| “Egypt” | |
Oxfordshire | United Red and | | “Light Bobs,” “Light
Light | White Rose. | | Brigade”
Infantry | Bugle | |
(43rd and | | |
52nd) | | |
Essex Regiment | Castle and Key | “_Montis | “The Two Fours,”
(44th and | with | insignia | “Little Fighting
56th) | “Gibraltar.” | Calpe_” | Fours,” (2nd
| Sphinx and | | battalion) “The
| “Egypt” | | Pompadours,” “Saucy
| | | Pompeys”
The Sherwood | The United Red | | “Old Stubborns,”
Foresters, | and White | | “Sherwood Foresters
(Derbyshire | Rose | | “Nottingham Hosiers,”
Regiment) | | | (2nd battalion)
(45th and | | | “Sweeps”
95th) | | |
North | The Red Rose | | “Cauliflowers,”
Lancashire | | | “Lancashire Lads,”
(47th and | | | “Wolfe’s Own,” (2nd
81st) | | | battalion) “Loyal
| | | Lincoln Volunteers”
Northamptonshire| Castle and Key | “_Montis | “The Steelbacks,”
(48th and | with | insignia | “Heroes of
58th) | “Gibraltar.” | Calpe_” | Talavera”
| Sphinx and | |
| “Egypt” | |
Royal Berkshire| Dragon with | | (2nd battalion) “Green
(49th and | “China” | | Howards,” “Two Sixes”
66th) | | |
Royal West Kent| Sphinx and | “_Quo fas et | “Blind Half Hundred,”
(50th and | “Egypt” | gloria | “Dirty Half Hundred,”
97th) | | ducunt_” | “The Devil’s Royal,”
| | | “The Gallant
| | | Fiftieth,” (2nd
| | | battalion)
| | | “Celestials”
Yorkshire Light| The White Rose | “_Cede nullis_”| “The Kolis”
Infantry | | |
(51st and | | |
105th) | | |
Shropshire | The United Red | “_Aucto | “Brickdusts” “Old Five
Light | and White | splendore | and Threepennies,”
Infantry | Rose. A Bugle| resurgo_” | (2nd battalion)
(53rd and | with K. L. I.| | “Elegant Extracts”
85th) | | |
Middlesex (57th| Prince of | | “Steelbacks” “The
and 77th) | Wales’s | | Die-hards,” (2nd
| Plume. Duke | | battalion) “The
| of | | Pothooks”
| Cambridge’s | |
| Coronet and | |
| Cipher in | |
| Laurel Wreath| |
King’s Royal | Maltese Cross | “_Celer et | “Royal Americans,”
Rifle Corps | crowned, with| audax_” | “_Sanguinary_ Sweeps”
(60th--4 | Bugle and | |
battalions) | 60th in | |
| centre, with | |
| names of | |
| battles | |
Wiltshire (62nd| Duke of | | “The Springers,”
and 99th) | Edinburgh’s | | “Splashers”
| Cipher and | |
| Coronet | |
Manchester | Sphinx and | | “Bloodsuckers”
(63rd and | “Egypt” | |
96th) | | |
North | Prince of | |
Staffordshire| Wales’s | |
(64th and | Plume. Dragon| |
89th) | and “China” | |
York and | Union Rose. | |
Lancaster | Royal Tiger | |
(65th and | and “India” | |
84th) | | |
Durham Light | United Red and | | “Faithful Durhams”
Infantry | White Rose. | |
(68th and | The Bugle | |
106th) | | |
Highland Light | Elephant and | | “Glasgow Light
Infantry | “Assaye.” | | Infantry,” “The
(71st and | Bugle | | Glesca’ Keelies,”
74th) | crowned, with| | (2nd battalion) “The
| H.L.I. inside| | Assaye,” “Pig and
| | | Whistle Light
| | | Infantry”
Seaforth | Elephant and | _Cuidich’n | “The Macraes,” (2nd
Highlanders | “Assaye.” | Righ_ (”Help | battalion) “King’s
(72nd and | Late Duke of | the King,” | Men”
78th) | York’s Cipher| the motto of |
| and Coronet. | the |
| A Stag’s Head| Mackenzies) |
Gordon | Royal Tiger and| | “Strada Reale
Highlanders | “India.” | | Highlanders”
(75th and | Sphinx and | |
92nd) | “Egypt” | |
Cameron | Thistle | | “Cia mar tha’s”
Highlanders | crowned. | |
(79th) | Sphinx and | |
| “Egypt” | |
Royal Irish | Harp crowned. | “_Quis | “Fitch’s Grenadiers,”
Rifles (83rd | Sphinx and | separabit?_” | (2nd battalion)
and 86th) | “Egypt.” | | “County Downs,”
| Bugle | | “Shropshire
| | | Volunteers”
Royal Irish | Prince of | | “Old Fogs,”
Fusiliers | Wales’s | | “Faugh-a-Ballagh
(87th and | Plume. Harp | | Boys,”
89th) | crowned. | | “Eagle-takers,” (2nd
| Sphinx and | | battalion) “Blayney’s
| “Egypt.” | | Bloodhounds,” “The
| Eagle with | | Rollickers”
| Laurel wreath| |
| on grenade. | |
| Princess | |
| Victoria’s | |
| Coronet | |
Connaught Rgrs.| Elephant. | “_Quis | “Devil’s Own,” (2nd
(88th and | Sphinx and | separabit?_” | battalion) “Garvies”
94th) | “Egypt.” Harp| |
| crowned | |
Argyle and | Princess | “_Ne oblivis- | (2nd battalion)
Sutherland | Louise’s | caris_” | “The Thin Red Line,”
Highlanders | Cipher and | “_Sans peur_” | “The Rories”
(91st and | Coronet. A | |
93rd) | Boar’s Head | |
| in a Myrtle | |
| wreath. A Cat| |
| in a Broom | |
| wreath | |
Leinster | Prince of | | “Royal Canadians,” (2nd
(100th & | Wales’s Plume| | battalion) “The
109th) | in a circle | | German Legion.” “The
| crowned with | | Crusaders.” “The Wild
| Maple Leaf | | Indians.” “The
| wreath. A | | Centipedes.” “The Old
| Maple Leaf | | Hundredth.” “The
| | | Colonials.” “The
| | | Maple-leaves”[94]
Munster | Royal Tiger. | | “The Dirty Shirts”
Fusiliers | Shamrock | |
(101st & 104th)| | |
Dublin | Elephant with | “_Spectamur | “The Lambs,” (2nd
Fusiliers | “Carnatic” | agendo_” | battalion) “The Old
102nd & 103rd)| and “Mysore.”| | Toughs”
| Royal Tiger | |
| with | |
| “Plassey” and| |
| “Buxar” | |
Rifle Brigade | Bugle. Rose. | | “The Sweeps”
(4 battalions)| Maltese | |
| Cross, | |
| laurelled and| |
| crowned | |
West Indians | Broken Column | | “Buckmaster’s Light
| with Ivy | | Infantry”
Royal Marines | Globe and | “_Per mare, | (Infantry) “The Joeys,”
| Laurel. Royal| per terram_” | “The Jollies,” “The
| Cipher | | Little Grenadiers”
| crowned. | | (Artillery) “Blue
| “Gibraltar” | | Marines,” “Water
| | | Gunners”
Royal Malta | Maltese Cross | |
Artillery | within a | |
| Garter. Royal| |
| Cipher. | |
| Egypt, 1882 | |
| | |
Ordnance Store | | | “Sugarstick Brigade”
Corps | | |
Army Service | | | “London Thieving
Corps | | | Corps,” “Murdering
| | | Thieves,” “Moke
| | | Train,” “Muck
| | | Train”[95]
Army Medical | | | “Pills,” “Linseed
Department | | | Lancers,” “Poultice
| | | Whollopers”[94]
| | |
| | |
Chaplains | | |
Department | | |
| | |
Army Veterinary| | |
Department | | |
| | |
Army Pay | | |
Department | | |
---------------+----------------+----------------+------------------------
FOOTNOTES
[1] Polybius.
[2] One of the latter was exhumed some years since on the field of
Hastings.
[3] _History of the Conquest of Granada._
[4] _Atlas des Batailles_, Kausler.
[5] The rates of pay, per day, at this time were:--
Knight 2s.
Esqr. and Captain 1s.
Mounted Archer 6d.
Foot Archer 3d.
Gunner 12d. 3d.
Welsh Foot 2d.
[6] Mr. Hereford B. George gives 1200 to 1600 men-at-arms and 3000
archers.
[7] _The Battles of English History_, by Hereford B. George, p. 62.
[8] The site of the first battlefield of St. Albans is situated
south-east of the town, on its present immediate outskirt at
“Keyfield.” It evidently was fought across the London Road, one force
(the Yorkists) trying to debouch the other (the Lancastrians), to
prevent its advance. The ground was undoubtedly grass land leading down
to a small brook, and sparsely crossed by fences, which were probably
plainer then than now. A row of poor cottages called “Key Terrace,”
marks probably the centre of the fight.
That of the second battle is north of the town, on land that is still
open heath more or less. It is slightly undulating clay land, dotted
with thin scrub and bramble, and probably was always so, fences being
even now rare. There was no well-defined “position” in either case, a
common fault on such soils, and here again, a force advancing from the
north drove in a force occupying the town, and based on London, and
which met its antagonist for battle on the northern road.
[9] The weight of the man and his armour, trappings, etc., in 1560
amounted to twenty-five stones.
[10] _The Parliamentary Generals of the Great Civil War._ Major N. L.
Walford.
[11] Walford, p. 128.
[12] Judge O’Connor Morris.
[13] Spriggs.
[14] Foot received 1s.; horse 2s. 6d. per day.
[15] Macaulay.
[16] Military Papers. State Paper Office.
[17] Lovat’s Life.
[18] In 1703, apparently, there were in England about sixteen troops of
cavalry, with seven regiments of infantry, in all about seven thousand
men; and in Scotland, about ten troops of cavalry, and six regiments of
infantry, or about four thousand men.
[19] _Affairs of Europe from the Peace of Utrecht to 1723._ Earl
Russell.
[20] _Battles of English History._ Hereford B. George.
[21] Farquhar.
[22] _Encyc. Brit._
[23] Fonblanque.
[24] The total available fighting strength of the clans was reputed to
be about 40,000.
[25] Not the present 48th, which was the 49th. The above mentioned
disappeared in 1748.
[26] Carlyle.
[27] Gleig.
[28] Schomberg’s _Naval Chronicles_.
[29] _Scots Magazine._
[30] Stocqueler.
[31] Stocqueler.
[32] Stocqueler.
[33] The late Sir G. Pomeroy Colley.
[34] _Childe Harold._
[35] Napier.
[36] Sir E. Hamley.
[37] Robinson.
[38] Napier.
[39] Wellington Despatches.
[40] Napier.
[41] At Inkerman, later, Captain Stanley roused the courage of his men
by calling out, “Die hard! Remember Albuhera.”
[42] Southey.
[43] Napier.
[44] See p. 204.
[45] _Life of Lord Lynedoch_ by Captain A. Delavoye.
[46] Chesney.
[47] Hereford B. George.
[48] _The British Army_, Sir S. D. Scott.
[49] The South African wars will be dealt with separately.
[50] Sir E. B. Hamley.
[51] Hereford B. George.
[52] Von Moltke.
[53] Hamley.
[54] Hamley.
[55] _Decisive Battles of India_, p. 279. Malleson.
[56] _Decisive Battles in India_, p. 311. Malleson.
[57] Macfarlane.
[58] Another tradition has it that the custom arose after the battle of
Culloden.
[59] General W. F. P. Napier.
[60] Sir H. Smith’s despatch.
[61] _Annual Register._
[62] _Calcutta Review._
[63] Malleson.
[64] Sir C. Napier.
[65] _British Battles by Land and Sea._ Grant.
[66] _Relief of Chitral._ Younghusband.
[67] _Macmillan’s Magazine._
[68] Correspondent, _Daily Telegraph_.
[69] _The Ashantee War_, by the _Daily News_ Special Correspondent.
[70] _From Korti to Khartum_, by Sir Charles W. Wilson.
[71] _From Korti to Khartum._
[72] An amusing card was anonymously printed after this deprivation, a
copy of which appears in the Regimental Chronicle. It runs as follows:--
“In memory of Left-Arm Chevrons, 43rd Light Infantry, last surviving
offspring of the late General S. PRIT DE CORPS, of the Light Division,
cut off by the hand of envy at Thayetmyo, July 1881.
“Also of BADGES, _Relict of the above_, destroyed by the Great Flood at
Poona, October 1886.
“_Cursed is he that removeth his neighbour’s landmark._”
[73] 1868. _N.B._--Where the old title is retained it is not added to
the new title.
[74] Altered to “Royal Scots Greys” in 1877.
[75] Granted in 1876.
[76] Altered to “Scots Guards” in 1877.
[77] Granted in 1875.
[78] Granted in 1877.
[79] “Stirlingshire” granted in 1862.
[80] Granted in 1876.
[81] Second battalion authorised, and in course of formation (1897).
[82] Granted in 1873.
[83] Granted in 1872.
[84] Granted in 1876.
[85] Granted in 1874.
[86] _Nicknames and Traditions of the British Army._
[87] _British Army._ Laurence Archer.
[88] _Nicknames and Traditions of the British Army._
[89] _The Regiment._
[90] _Army List._
[91] _The Regiment._
[92] _Nicknames and Traditions_, etc.
[93] _The Regiment._
[94] _The Regiment._
[95] _Nicknames and Traditions of the Army._
INDEX
Abercrombie, 164.
Abu Klea, 391.
Abyssinia, 374.
Admiral’s Regiment, 129.
Advice to Volunteers, 166.
Afghanistan, 282, 326.
Albuhera, 193.
Aliwal, 291.
Almanza, 82.
André, 119.
Armour, 23, 35.
Arms, 4, 37, 85, 241, 239, 262, 349.
Army in Africa, 126, 354.
” in America, 107.
” of Charles II., 5, 7.
” in the Far East, 336.
” in India (1600-1825), 264.
” in India (1825-1858), 277.
” in India (1858-1896), 318.
” of the King, 55.
” in North Africa, 374.
” of the Nobles, 14.
” of the People, 15.
” in Spain, 187, 199.
” at Sea, 128.
Arroyo des Molinos, 195.
Artillery, 19, 29, 38, 396.
Assaye, 271.
Ashantee, 385.
Ashdown, 4.
Assirghur, 275.
Badajoz, 196.
Baggage trains, 49.
Baird, 269.
Balaklava, 252.
Barnet, 28.
Barrosa, 188.
Basing House, 45, 46.
Bayonet, 397.
Beginning of true strategy, 41.
Bernadotte, 267.
Bhoteas, 322.
Bhurtpore, 275.
Bladensburg, 122.
Blenheim, 76.
Blucher, 227.
Boers War, 367, 372.
Bonaparte, 143, 160.
Boston, 114.
Bowmen, 15.
Boxtel and Wellesley, 161.
Brussels Ball, 211.
Buffs, 346.
Bunker’s Hill, 114.
Burmah, 336.
Burmese stockades, 339.
Busaco, 187.
Bushire and Reshire, 296.
Candahar, 333.
Cawnpore, 302, 310.
Cetewayo, 364.
Chevalier de St. George, 75.
Chillianwallah, 293.
China, 343.
Chitral, 339.
Chivalry, 20.
Colours, 330.
Colonel Vassall, 145.
Convention of Cintra, 176.
Crawford, 186.
Crecy, 16.
Crimea, 236, 297.
Cromwell, 44, 47, 49, 51.
” in Ireland, 47.
Cromwell’s men, 52.
Delhi, 272, 305.
Dettingen, 101.
Diamond Rock, 138.
Douro, 182.
Dragoons and Dragoon Guards, 127.
Drill Books, 157, 239.
Drummer of the 43rd, 202.
Duelling and Flogging, 240.
Duke of Cumberland, 98.
” of York, 238.
Early Battalions, 36, 37.
Early Companies, 24.
Education of officers, 277.
Edward IV., 28.
Egypt, 163, 378.
El Bodon, 195.
Embers of the Civil War, 87.
Enlistment, 88.
Facings, 403.
Famars, 160.
Ferozeshah, 289.
First Afghan War, 282.
Fontenoy, 103.
Forbes Mitchell, 309.
French armies, 39, 50.
Frontier wars, 320.
Fuentes d’Onoro, 191.
General Wade, 93.
George II., 75, 102.
Gibraltar, 131.
Gneisenau and Wellington, 212.
Gujerat, 295.
Hal, 217.
Hardinge, 290.
Hastings, 6, 7.
Highland regiments, 230.
” tactics, 91.
Hodson, 307.
Infantry, 24.
Ingogo, 370.
Inkerman, 258.
Isandhlwana, 360.
Ismailia, 380.
Jowakis, 325.
Kaffir Wars, 353, 359.
Kambula, 362.
Kassassin, 381.
Knighthood, 21, 22.
Laing’s Nek, 369.
Lake, 272.
Lincelles, 160.
Lord Wolseley, 355, 363, 380, 389, 394, 401.
Lucknow, 307, 312.
Lushari, 324.
Magdala, 376.
Maharajahpore, 287.
Maiwand, 329.
Majuba, 371.
Malplaquet, 75.
Maori defences, 348.
Marines, 130, 137.
Marlborough, 82.
Meanee, 285.
Militia, 243.
Minden, 107.
Minorca, 140.
Monte Video, 145.
Moodkee, 289.
Moore, 173, 180.
Moyse of the Buffs, 346.
Naseby, 43.
Neill, 309.
New Zealand, 347.
Nile Expedition, 389.
Norman names, 11.
” rule, end of, 13.
O’Connor Morris, 48.
Oudenarde, 75.
Pandy, 301.
Peninsular army, 173.
Perak, 340.
Plassy, 266.
Pottinger, 296.
Prestonpans, 96.
Prince Alamayu, 377.
” Napoleon, 363.
Puritan army, 35.
Puritan host, 35.
Quatre Bras and Ligny, 209.
Quebec, 111.
Queen Margaret, 27.
Ramillies, 75.
Range of firearms, 167.
Rangiriri, 348.
“Retreat to Corunna,” 178.
Richard of York, 25.
Roberts, 332.
Roliça, 174.
Romans, 313.
Rorke’s Drift, 361.
Sabugal, 187.
Salamanca, 197.
Sandhurst and Staff College, 315.
San Sebastian, 201.
Saratoga, 117.
Sebastopol, 253.
Second Afghan War, 325.
Sekukuni, 366.
“Sergeant Matcham,” 203.
Seringapatam, 269.
Short service, 399.
Sir C. Wilson, 391.
Sir Herbert Stewart, 390.
Sir John Moore, 159, 164.
Sir R. Buller, 362, 393.
Smokeless powder, 397.
Sobraon, 291.
Soult, 203.
St. Albans, 26.
Suakin, 385.
Sudan, 385.
Survivals, 405.
Swords, 231.
Tactics, 8, 29, 33, 36, 43, 44, 50, 79, 250.
Talavera, 104.
Tel el Kebir, 382.
Territorialisation, 402.
The “Birkenhead,” 151.
The Buffs and the Athleta, 153.
The “Charlotte,” 152.
The Colours of the 9th, 117.
The Delaware, 116.
The English “Hulks,” 204.
The Irish Brigade, 104.
The Light Division, 184.
The Mutiny, 297.
The Normans, 10.
The Peninsular army, 155.
The Red and White Rose, 25.
The Rising of 1715, 90.
The Rising of 1745, 94.
The Saxon army, 3.
The “self-denying ordinance,” 42, 51.
The Spaniards, 183.
The Stuarts, 40.
The V.C., 261.
The 13th, 284.
The 14th at Famars, 160.
The 28th, 164.
The 29th, 123.
The 39th, 265.
The 50th, 175.
The 52nd, 193.
Tofrik, 388.
Umbeylah, 321.
Uniform, 104, 125, 229.
Vellore, 297.
Vimiera, 175.
Vittoria, 200.
Volunteers, 30, 166, 243, 316.
Walcheren, 162.
Wars of Roses, 25.
Warwick and his death, 31.
Waterloo, 206, 218.
Wellesley, 171, 174, 181.
Wellington, 244, 274.
West Coast of Africa, 355.
Wolfe, 99, 111.
Yeomen of the Guard, 32.
York Town, 121.
Zulu War, 361.
PRINTED BY MORRISON AND GIBB LIMITED, EDINBURGH
Transcriber’s Notes
Punctuation, hyphenation, and spelling were made consistent when a
predominant preference was found in this book; otherwise they were not
changed.
Simple typographical errors were corrected; occasional unbalanced
quotation marks retained.
Ambiguous hyphens at the ends of lines were retained.
Ditto marks in the Table of Contents and List of Illustrations have
been replaced by the words above them. Ditto marks in Appendices II and
III have been retained.
Footnotes, originally at the bottoms of pages, have been renumbered and
moved to the end of the main text, just before the Index.
Index not checked for proper alphabetization or correct page references.
Page 45: “follow-effect” was printed that way.
Page 63: The closing right parenthesis in ‘“Men of Harlech”);’ was
added by the Transcriber.
Page 115: “Benedek Arnold” was printed that way.
Page 161: “Egmont-op-Zee on the 2nd October 1799” was misprinted as
1779; corrected here.
Page 145: “43th” was printed that way.
Page 231 (illustration of “Spears & Swords” facing this page): The
right-hand part of the upper caption was ambiguous, likely due to lack
of space. Transcriber modified it so that “Halberd” appears twice in
this eBook: once for Geo. II and separately for Geo. III.
Page 279: The opening quotation mark for “a minimum of £60” was added
by the Transcriber; it may be in the wrong place.
Page 325: “attached a British outpost” probably is a misprint for
“attacked”.
Page 408: “Balaklava 25th October 1854” was missing the “4”.
Page 409: No date was printed for “Rolicund”.
Page 425: No page numbers given for index entry “Army in Africa”.
Transcriber added them based on examination of the text.
Page 426: No page numbers given for “O’Connor Morris”, “The Saxon
army” or “The self-denying ordinance”. Transcriber added them based on
examination of the text.
End of Project Gutenberg's The Story of the British Army, by C. Cooper King