from the Leyden Museum and had employed it throughout in his
catalogues, Temminck, the then Director of that great establishment,
when he published his ‘Esquisses Zoologiques sur la Côte de Guiné’ in
1855, was not content to adopt it. He considered it “too vague,” as
having been already applied to other species of Antelopes, and proposed
to change it to _Cephalophus pluto_. Temminck informs us that this
species is widely distributed on the coast of Guinea and is very common
in the forests near the Dutch factories in that district, particularly
in Ashantee, near Chama and Dabacrom.
In the adjoining republic of Liberia, to the west of the Gold Coast,
Mr. Büttikofer and his colleagues Sala and Stampfli obtained many
specimens of this Duiker during their expeditions of 1879 and 1886.
Dr. Jentink, in cataloguing their results, gives various localities in
which it was met with--viz. at St. Paul’s River, Schieffelinsville,
Junk River, Du Queah River, and Farmington River. The Liberian
naturalists remark that the flesh of this Antelope has a remarkably
strong bitter flavour, which they never observed in any other species
of the group. This peculiarity is probably caused by some special food
to which it is addicted.
In his ‘Reisebilder aus Liberia’ Mr. Büttikofer informs us that the
Black Duiker, known to the Liberians under the name of the Bush-Goat,
is one of the commonest species of the group in that republic. Like all
other members of the genus, it is exclusively an inhabitant of the high
forests and bushy woods, coming out at night into the savannahs and
plantations to get its food. Mr. Büttikofer repeats his statements as
regards the unsavoury character of its flesh, and states that even the
natives, who are by no means particular, in many cases refuse to eat it.
Besides the immature female obtained by Pel, which forms the type of
_Cephalophus niger_, the National Collection possesses skins of
an adult female from Fantee and of a young individual from the Ankober
River in Ashantee, both obtained by the native collector Aubinn.
Our coloured figure of the Black Duiker (Plate XIV. fig. 1) was
prepared by Mr. Smit under the direction of the late Sir Victor Brooke.
It was probably taken from the mounted specimen in the British Museum,
but of this we have no certain record.
_August, 1895._
[Illustration:
THE BOOK OF ANTELOPES, PL. XXI.
_Wolf del. Smit lith._ _Hanhart imp._
Fig 1. The Blue Duiker.
CEPHALOPHUS MONTICOLA.
Fig 2. Maxwell’s Duiker.
CEPHALOPHUS MAXWELLI.
_Published by R. H. Porter._]
32. MAXWELL’S DUIKER.
CEPHALOPHUS MAXWELLI, H. SM.
[PLATE XXI. FIG. 2.]
_Guévei_ (_Ant. pygmæa_), =F. Cuv.= H. N. Mamm. (fol.) iii.
livr. lxi. (animal, ♀) (1826) (Senegal).
_Antilope (Cephalophus) maxwelli_, =H. Sm.= Griff. An. K. iv. p.
267, v. p. 347 (1827); =Less.= H. N. Mamm. (Compl. Buff., x.) p.
294 (1836); =id.= N. Tabl. R. A., Mamm. p. 178 (1842); =Gieb.=
Zeitschr. ges. Nat. xxxv. p. 43 (1870).
_Antilope (Cephalophus) philantomba_, =H. Sm.= Griff. Cuv. An.
K. v. p. 349 (1827); =Og.= P. Z. S. 1836, p. 121; =Less.= H. N.
Mamm. (Compl. Buff. x.) p. 295 (1836); =Waterh.= Cat. Mamm. Mus.
Z. S. (2) p. 41 (1838); =Less.= N. Tabl. R. A., Mamm. p. 178
(1842); =Schinz=, Syn. Mamm. ii. p. 422 (1845).
_Cephalophus maxwelli_, =A. Sm.= S. Afr. Quart. Journ. ii. p.
216 (1834); =Gray=, Ann. Mag. N. H. (1) xviii. p. 166 (1846);
=id.= List Ost. B. M. p. 146 (1847); =id.= Knowsl. Men. p. 11,
pl. xi. A (animal) (1850); =id=. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 124; =id.=
Cat. Ung. B. M. p. 86 (1852); =Temm.= Esq. Zool. Guin. pp.
194, 223 (1853); =Gerr.= Cat. Bones Mamm. B. M. p. 237 (1862);
=Scl.= P. Z. S. 1868, p. 625; =Murie=, P. Z. S. 1869, p. 595
(anat. ♀); =Gray=, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 600, fig. 8 (skull); =id.=
Cat. Rum. B. M. p. 28 (1872); =id.= Hand-l. Rum. B. M. p. 97
(1873); =Garrod=, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 4 (anat.); =Scl.= List An.
Z. S. (8) p. 146 (1883); =Flow. & Gars.= Cat. Ost. Coll. Surg.
ii. p. 269 (1884); =Jent.= N. L. M. x. p. 21 (1887) (Liberia);
=id.= Cat. Ost. Leyd. Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, ix.) p. 133 (1887);
=Büttikofer=, Reisebild. Liberia, ii. p. 379 (1890); =Jent.=
Cat. Mamm. Leyd. Mus. (op. cit. xi.) p. 163 (1892); =Thos.=
P. Z. S. 1892, p. 425; =Lyd.= Horns and Hoofs, p. 212 (1893);
=Matsch.= MT. deutsch. Schutz-geb. vi. p. 81 (1893); =id.= SB.
Ges. nat. Freund. 1893, p. 256 (1894) (distribution).
_Cephalophus philantomba_, =A. Sm.= S.-Afr. Quart. Journ. ii. p.
217 (1834).
_Antilope frederici_, =Laurill.= Dict. Univ. d’H. N. i. p. 623
(1839); =Less.= N. Tabl. R. A., Mamm. p. 178 (1842); =Wagn.=
Schr. Säug., Suppl. iv. p. 454 (1844); =Gieb.= Säug. p. 321
(1859).
_Cephalophus punctulatus_, =Gray=, Ann. Mag. N. H. (1) xviii.
p. 167 (1846); =id.= Knowsl. Men. p. 11 (but not pl. viii. fig.
1, which is _C. sylvicultrix_) (1850); =id.= P. Z. S. 1850, p.
125; =id.= Cat. Ung. B. M. p. 88 (1852); =Temm.= Esq. Zool.
Guin. pp. 194, 236 (1853); =Fitz.= SB. Wien, lix. pt. 1, p. 166
(1869); =Gray=, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 600; =id.= Cat. Rum. B. M. p.
29 (1872); =id.= Hand-l. Rum. B. M. p. 98 (1873).
_Sylvicapra philantomba_ et _S.frederici_, =Sund.= Pecora,
K. Vet.-Ak. Hand-l. 1844, p. 190 (1846); =id.= Hornschuch’s
Transl., Arch. Skand. Beitr. p. 142; Reprint, p. 66 (1848).
_Cephalophus whitfieldi_, =Gray=, Knowsl. Men. p. 11, pl. xi.
fig 2 (1850); =id.= P. Z. S. 1850, p. 125; =id.= Cat. Ung. B.M.
p. 88 (1852); =Fitz.= SB. Wien, lix. pt. 1, p. 166 (1869);
=Gray=, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 599; =id.= Cat. Rum. B.M. p. 28
(1872); =id.= Hand-l. Rum. B. M. p. 97 (1873).
_Antilope (Cephalolophus) maxwelli_, _punctulatus_, et
_whitfieldi_, =Wagn.= Schr. Säug., Suppl. v. pp. 427–429 (1855).
_Cephalophus fredcrici_, =Fitz.= SB. Wien, lix. pt. 1, p. 166
(1869).
VERNACULAR NAME:--_Fulintongue_ of Liberians (_Büttikofer_).
Size considerably smaller than in the previous species. Colour uniform
slaty brown, becoming paler below and on the inner sides of the limbs.
Superciliary streaks whitish. Ears small, rounded, behind dark brown.
Rump and backs of the hams uniform with body, except that just at the
base of the tail on each side, and on the top of the proximal half of
the tail itself, the colour is rather darker. Rest of tail above brown,
beneath whitish; limbs externally like body.
Horns set up at a slight angle above the nasal profile, but not nearly
so much as in _C. grimmi_: those of male short (about 2 inches
long), thick at base; their greatest basal diameter going about 2½
times in their length; of female, according to Temminck, exceedingly
small, and indeed they are entirely absent in the only specimen
available to us, but this is not fully adult.
Skull broad and strong. Muzzle rather narrow. Anteorbital fossæ rather
shallow. Mesial notch of palate only about ⅙ inch in advance of the
lateral ones.
Dimensions:--♀. Height at withers 14 inches, ear 2, hind foot 6·7.
Skull (♂): basal length 4·7 inches, greatest breadth 2·5, anterior edge
of orbit to muzzle 2·7.
This species shows a certain tendency to the peculiar coloration of
the rump characteristic of _C. melanorheus_; the colour-contrasts
of black and white of the latter, however, are in this case only dark
brown and light brown respectively.
_Hab._ Coast of West Africa from Gambia to the Gold Coast.
This Duiker, which is of considerably smaller dimensions than the
two previous species, and of a nearly uniform slaty-brown colour,
is likewise a West-African species, but seems to have a rather more
extended range along the coast. Whether it is really the Guévei of A
damson and Buffon is, to say the least of it, very doubtful, but it is
probably the species figured under that name by F. Cuvier in 1826 from
a specimen from Senegal then living in the Jardin des Plantes. Cuvier
referred this specimen to the _Antilope pygmæa_ of former authors,
but, as we know from Sir Victor Brooke’s excellent article on this
subject (P. Z. S. 1872, p. 637), that specific name properly belongs to
the Royal Antelope of Western Africa, of which we shall give an account
in a subsequent part of this work.
In 1827, in his volume on the order Ruminantia in ‘Griffith’s Animal
Kingdom,’ Major Hamilton Smith described a female of this species
which had been brought home from Sierra Leone by Col. Charles Maxwell
and dedicated it to that gentleman as _Antilope maxwelli_. In
a subsequent volume of the same work, containing a synopsis of the
species of mammals, Hamilton Smith not only repeated the description,
but added, as apparently different, a description of another young
specimen from the same country, and classed it as a different species
under the name _Antilope philantomba_. Under this last designation
also this Antelope is mentioned by Ogilby in the ‘Proceedings’ of the
Zoological Society for 1836, where he gives some particulars respecting
two females which had lived for some time in the Society’s Gardens.
At about this date also there were several examples of the
“_Philantomba_” as it is commonly called in Zoological Gardens,
living in the Derby Menagerie at Knowsley. In Waterhouse Hawkins’s
drawings of the animals in this splendid collection, which were
subsequently edited by Gray, Maxwell’s Duiker appears to have been
mentioned under three different names--first as _C. maxwelli_
(plate xi. _a_), secondly as _C. punctulatus_ (p. 11), and
thirdly as _C. whitfieldi_ (plate xi. fig. 2). So far as we can
tell all these names must refer to the present species, which seems to
vary considerably between youth and age.
Many living specimens of this Duiker have also been received by the
Zoological Society of London, besides those mentioned by Mr. Ogilby.
Although in nature shy and retiring it does well in captivity, and
becomes very tame when petted. It has frequently bred in the Society’s
Menagerie, and specimens are registered as having been born there in
1867, 1871, 1872, 1873, and 1874. It is also well known in several of
the Zoological Gardens on the Continent. Of late years there have been
many examples of this little Antelope in the Zoological Gardens at
Amsterdam, and there are at present two males in that Collection.
[Illustration: Fig. 20.
Skull of _Cephalophus maxwelli_.
(P. Z. S. 1871, p. 600.)]
It has been stated by some authors that the female of this species is
hornless, but of those in the Zoological Society’s Collection it is
certain that both males and females have carried horns, though these
appendages are usually rather smaller in the latter sex. As regards
the specimens in the Zoological Gardens at Amsterdam, Mr. F. E. Blaauw
likewise assures us that all the females have had horns, sometimes
larger and sometimes smaller. We therefore regard the absence of horns
in adult females of this species as an exceptional occurrence.
Maxwell’s Duiker appears to extend from Senegal and Gambia all along
the West Coast of Africa to the mouths of the Niger. From Senegal,
as already mentioned, it has been received in Paris, and from the
Gambia living specimens were brought by Whitfield for the Derby
Menagerie. From Sierra Leone there is a specimen in the British Museum
presented by Colonel Sabine, R.E., which is the type of _Cephalophus
punctulatus_. In Liberia, Mr. Büttikofer tells us, Maxwell’s
Duiker is unquestionably the commonest species. It is known to the
Liberians under the name of “_Fulintongue_,” of which no doubt
“_Philantomba_” is a corruption. Mr. Büttikofer tells us that it
lives in small troops in the bush, but is very shy and difficult for
the hunter to approach, so that it is generally captured in snares.
Proceeding farther westwards we find that specimens of this Antelope
have been transmitted to the Leyden Museum from Dabacrom, on the Gold
Coast, by Pel, and to the British Museum from Fantee by the native
collector Aubinn. As we are kindly informed by Herr Matschie, there are
examples of this species in the Berlin Museum collected in Togo-land by
Herr Baumann.
Our figure of this Antelope (Plate XXI. fig. 2) was prepared by Mr.
Smit many years ago under the directions of Sir Victor Brooke. It was
probably taken from one of the specimens in the British Museum, but we
have unfortunately no certain knowledge on this subject
_August, 1895._
33. THE BLACK-RUMPED DUIKER.
CEPHALOPHUS MELANORHEUS, GRAY.
Subspecies _a_. C. MELANORHEUS TYPICUS.
_Cephalophus melanorheus_, =Gray=, Ann. Mag. N. H. (1) xviii. p.
167 (1846); =id.= Knowsl. Men. p. 11, pl. x. (1850); =id.= P.
Z. S. 1850, p. 125; =id.= Cat. Ung. B. M. p. 88 (1852); =Temm.=
Esq. Zool. Guin. pp. 194, 236 (1853); =Fitz.= SB. Wien, lix.
pt. 1, p. 166 (1869); =Gray=, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 600; =id.= Cat.
Rum. B. M. p. 28 (1872); =id.= Hand-l. Rum. B. M. p. 98 (1873);
=Peters=, Monatsb. Ac. Berl. 1876, p. 482 (Gaboon); =Matsch.=
Arch. f. Nat. 1891, pt. 1, pp. 353, 354; =Thos.= P. Z. S. 1892,
p. 426; =Lyd.= Horns and Hoofs, p. 212 (1893).
_Antilope (Cephalolophus) melanorheus_, =Wagn.= Schr. Säug.,
Suppl. v. p. 428 (1855).
_Cephalophus anchietæ_, =Bocage=, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 743 (Angola).
_Cephalophus maxwelli_, =Noack=, Zool. JB., Syst. iv. p. 121
(1889) (Banana, Congo) (_nec_ H. Sm.).
Subspecies _b_. C. MELANORHEUS SUNDEVALLI.
_Sylvicapra pygmæa_, var., =Sund.= Pecora, K. Vet.-Ak. Hand-l.
1845, p. 321 (1847); =id.= Hornschuch’s Transl., Arch. Skand.
Beitr. ii. p. 313; Reprint, p. 133 (1848).
_Cephalophus pygmæus sundevalli_, =Fitz.= SB. Wien, lix. pt. 1,
p. 166 (1869) (_ex_ Sund.).
VERNACULAR NAME:--“_Nshiri_” at Dongila, Gaboon (_Buchholz_).
Similar in all respects to _C. maxwelli_, except that it is rather
smaller, and that the brown colour of the back darkens to black on and
at each side of the base of the tail, below which there is an abrupt
change to white on the backs of the hams. Female with horns.
Horns short, but almost as long in the female as in the male, placed in
the same straight line as the nasal profile, slightly incurved: those
of male about 1½ inch long, their basal diameter going about 2½ times
in the length; those of female about 1¼ inch long, basal diameter
going about 3 times in the length.
Dimensions:--Height much as in _C. monticola_, length of ear 1·6
inch, hind foot 6·1.
Skull (♂): basal length (c.) 4·6 inches, greatest breadth 2·4, anterior
edge of orbit to muzzle 2·5.
_Hab._ Africa south and east of the Niger, extending from the
Cameroons to Angola and eastwards to the coast opposite Zanzibar.
To the east and south of the Niger Delta, Maxwell’s Duiker appears to
be represented by the present species, which, as we have explained
above, is of the same size and closely resembles it in most particulars.
The Black-rumped Duiker was first described by Gray in an article
on new species of this group, published in the ‘Annals and Magazine
of Natural History’ for 1846, from specimens in the British Museum,
transmitted from Fernando Po by James Thompson, one of Lord Derby’s
collectors. Shortly afterwards it was figured in the ‘Knowsley
Menagerie ’ by Waterhouse Hawkins from living specimens brought home by
the same traveller.
We will now endeavour to give some idea of the range of this still
imperfectly-known species. Beginning on the north, we find skins of
it in the British Museum obtained in the wooded district of Cameroons
and transmitted to the British Museum by the late Captain Burton and
by Crossley, besides the typical specimens received from Fernando Po,
which were probably originally obtained from the adjoining mainland.
Herr Matschie, in an article on the Mammals of the Cameroons, published
in 1891, likewise records the occurrence of this species in the Wuté
district of that country, as testified by a skull sent to Berlin by
Lieut. Morgen. From Gaboon there is a skin of an adult male in the
British Museum, obtained by Mr. DuChaillu, and a specimen in the Berlin
Museum procured by Buchholtz. To the south of the Congo this Duiker
has been obtained at Capangombé in Angola by the well-known Portuguese
collector Anchieta. M. de Bocage in 1878 based a new species on these
specimens and proposed to dedicate it to M. d’Anchieta, having been
misled by the indifferent figure and imperfect description of _C.
melanorheus_ given in the ‘Knowsley Menagerie.’ But there appears
to be no reasonable doubt that they may be properly referred to _C.
melanorheus_.
How far the Black-rumped Duiker extends over the forests of the Congo
basin is, as yet, quite uncertain. The authorities of the Congo Free
State have, up to the present time, persistently neglected to obtain
any accurate information of the zoology of the great region which they
have occupied. The little we know of the animals of this wide area
is based upon fragmentary specimens obtained by passing explorers.
It is very probable, however, that _C. melanorheus_ may range
over nearly the whole of the great woody basin of the Congo and its
tributaries. But when we come to the eastern slope of Africa, from
various parts of which specimens referred to this species have been
received, we meet, as Sundevall has pointed out, with a slightly
different form, which for the present it is proposed to regard as
a subspecies (following Fitzinger) as _Cephalophus melanorheus
sundevalli_.
The fact is that, as regards these small Duikers, a far better series
from the various points of their range must be rendered accessible
before we can come to any accurate determination as to their systematic
arrangement and distribution. Herr Matschie informs us that some
specimens received in Berlin from Dar-es-Salaam, in German East Africa,
rather more resemble _C. monticola_ than _C. melanorheus_; so
here is another riddle yet unsolved.
_August, 1895._
34. THE UGANDA DUIKER.
CEPHALOPHUS ÆQUATORIALIS, MATSCH.
_Antilope grimmia_, =Schweinf.= Herz. v. Afrika, i. p. 267 (fig.
of head), ii. p. 535 (1874).
_Cephalolophus æquatorialis_, =Matsch.= SB. Ges. nat. Freund.
1892, p. 112 (Chagwè); =Scott-Elliot=, P. Z. S. 1895, p. 341.
_Cephalophus æquinoctialis_, =Lyd.= Horns and Hoofs, p. 209
(1893).
VERNACULAR NAME:--“_Mtelaganya_” in Uganda (_O. Neumann_).
Similar to _C. melanorheus_ in almost all respects, but the under
surface only little lighter than the upper, and the female, at least in
all the three specimens known, entirely without horns.
Dimensions (from Matschie):--“Height at shoulder 10–12 inches, height
on rump 12–13.”
Skull (♀): basal length 4·14 inches, greatest breadth 2·16, muzzle to
orbit 2·34.
Horns of a male 1¼ inch long, half an inch thick at the base
(_Matschie_).
_Hab._ Uganda.
The representative of the Black-rumped Duiker in Uganda has recently
been separated by Herr Matschie from _C. melanorheus_ under the
name of _C. æguatorialis_ on account of its darker belly, which
is stated to be of a bright isabella-brown colour, “nearly of the tint
which Mr. Ridgway, in his ‘Nomenclature of Colours’ (tab. iii. no. 21),
calls écru drab, and scarcely lighter in colour than the back.” The
species was based upon five specimens obtained by Stuhlmann in Chagwè,
Uganda, in the month of December. Dr. Stuhlmann’s note is that this
Antelope lives in the forests of Uganda, and that its skins are brought
in numbers to the market at Mengo. A living example of this species, we
are informed by Herr Matschie, was in 1892 in the Zoological Garden of
Berlin.
On examining two skins of adult females of what we suppose to be
the same Antelope, obtained by Capt. W. H. Williams in Uganda, and
presented to the British Museum in April 1893, we do not find the
character, assumed by Herr Matschie as distinctive of the species,
to be quite constant. The bellies of the two specimens just referred
to are scarcely darker than in West-African specimens of _C.
melanorheus_. Moreover, two examples of the latter species from
Cameroons, collected together, differ markedly in the coloration of
their bellies. We should therefore not have been inclined to admit
_C. æquatorialis_ as a distinct species were it not for the
fact that the perfect skull of one of the specimens in the British
Museum shows no traces of horns. This is also stated to be the case
in two female specimens in the Berlin Museum upon which Herr Matschie
established the species. In _C. melanorheus_, as already stated,
the horns are always present in both sexes. Under these circumstances
it is better to keep _C. æquatorialis_, provisionally at least, as
distinct, until further information is obtained.
Mr. Scott Elliot during his recent adventurous journey to Mount
Ruwenzori obtained a single specimen (now in the British Museum) of
this Duiker in Uganda, and has favoured us with the following note upon
it:--
“The _Cephalophus_ of which I brought home the skin was obtained
from some natives at Kampala, Uganda, in February 1894. It was a
female. I believe it was found on the highlands bordering Lake Victoria
Nyanza, at an elevation of from 3900 to 4100 feet.”
_August, 1895._
35. THE BLUE DUIKER.
CEPHALOPHUS MONTICOLA (THUNB.).
[PLATE XXI. FIG. 1.]
_Capra monticola_, =Thunb.= Resa, ii. p. 66 (1789); =id.= Engl.
Transl. ii. p. 58 (1793).
_Antilope monticola_, =Thunb.= Mém. Ac. Pétersb. iii. p. 314
(1811); =Afz.= N. Act. Ups. vii. p. 220 (1815).
_Antilope pygmæa_, =Schinz=, Cuv. Thierr. i. p. 393 (1821);
=Burchell=, List Quadr. pres. to B. M. p. 6 (1825) (Uitenhage);
=Licht.= Darst. d. Säug. pl. xvi. fig. 1 (animal) (1828);
=Fischer=, Syn. Mamm. p. 469 (1829); =Smuts=, Enum. Mamm. Cap.
p. 86 (1832); =Waterh.= Cat. Mamm. Mus. Z. S. (2) p. 41 (1838);
=Laurill.= Dict. Univ. d’H. N. i. p. 623 (1839); =Wagn.= Schr.
Säug. Suppl., iv. p. 452 (1844), v. p. 429 (1855); =Schinz=,
Syn. Mamm. ii. p. 417 (1845); =Pet.= Säug. Mozamb. p. 184
(1854); =Gieb.= Säug. p. 322 (1859).
_Antilope (Cephalophus) cærula_, =Ham. Sm.= Griff. An. K. iv. p.
268, v. p. 348 (1827); =Less.= H. N. Mamm. (Compl. Buff.) x. p.
294 (1836); =id.= N. Tabl. R. A., Mamm. p. 178 (1842); =Schinz=,
Syn. Mamm. ii. p. 422 (1845).
_Antilope (Cephalophus) perpusilla_, =Ham. Sm.= Griff. An. K.
iv. p. 269, v. p. 348 (1827); =A. Sm.= S. Afr. Quart. J. ii. p.
217 (1834); =Less.= H. N. Mamm. (Compl. Buff.) x. p. 294 (1836);
=id.= N. Tabl. R. A., Mamm. p. 178 (1842).
_Cephalophus cæruleus_, =A. Sm.= S. Afr. Quart. J. ii. p.
216 (1834); =Harr.= W. Anim. S. Afr. (fol.) pl. xxvi. fig. 2
(animal) (1840); =Jent.= Cat. Ost. Leyd. Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas,
ix.) p. 133 (1887); =id.= Cat. Mamm. Leyd. Mus. (op. cit. xi.)
p. 163 (1892).
_Tragelaphus pygmæus_, =Rüpp.= Verz. Senck. Mus. p. 37 (1842).
_Cephalophus cæruleus_, =Gray=, List Mamm. B. M. p. 163 (1843).
_Antilope minuta_, =Forst.= Descr. Anim. p. 383 (1844).
_Sylvicapra pygmæa_, =Sund.= Pecora, K. Vet.-Ak. Hand-l. 1844,
p. 190 (1846); =id.= Hornschuch’s Transl., Arch. Skand. Beitr.
p. 142; Reprint, p. 66 (1848).
_Cephalophus monticola_, =Gray=, Ann. & Mag. N. H. (1) xviii. p.
167 (1846); =id.= Knowsl.
Men. p. 11 (1850); =id.= P. Z. S. 1850, p. 124; =Turner=, P.
Z. S. 1850, p. 170; =Blyth=, Cat. Mus. As. Soc. p. 168 (1863);
=Bocage=, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 743 (Benguella); =Thos.= P. Z. S.
1892, p. 427; =Nicolls & Egl.= Sportsm. S. Afr. p. 29, pl. iv.
fig. 11 (head) (1892); =Lyd.= Horns and Hoofs, p. 207 (1893);
=Rendall=, P. Z. S. 1895, p. 361 (Transvaal).
_Cephalophus pygmæus_, =Gray=, Cat. Ung. B. M. p. 87 (1852);
=Scl.= P. Z. S. 1861, p. 209; =Gerr.= Cat. Bones Mamm. B. M. p.
237 (1862); =Fitz.= SB. Wien, lix. pt. 1, p. 166 (1869); =Gray=,
P. Z. S. 1871, p. 599; =id.= Cat. Rum. B. M. p. 28 (1872);
=Gray=, Hand-l. Rum. B. M. p. 97 (1873); =Garrod=, P. Z. S.
1877, p. 4 (anatomy); =Scl.= List Anim. Z. S. (8) p. 146 (1883);
=Jent.= Cat. Ost. Leyd. Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, ix.) p. 153 (1887);
=id.= Cat. Mamm. Leyd. Mus. (_op. cit._ xi.) p. 164 (1892);
=Bryden=, Kloof and Karroo, p. 301 (1889).
_Cephalophus bicolor_, =Gray=, P. Z. S. 1862, p. 263, pl. xxiv.
(animal); =id.= P. Z. S. 1871, p. 600; =id.= Cat. Rum. B. M. p.
29 (1872); =id.= Hand-l. Rum. B. M. p. 98 (1873).
_Cephalophus pygmæus caffer_, =Fitz.= SB. Wien, lix. pt. 1, p.
166 (1869).
_Cephalophus maxwelli_, =Crawshay=, P. Z. S. 1890, p. 661
(Nyasaland).
VERNACULAR NAMES:--_Numitji_, _Blaauw-bokje_, and _Kleine
Blaauw-bok_ of Dutch colonists (_Burchell_); _Petee_ of Natal
colonists (_Selous_); _Lumsa_ of Achikundas in Zambesia
(_Crawshay_); _Impiti_ of Zulus; _Inhlingwaan_ of Shangaans
(_Rendall_).
Size and characters of horns as in _C. melanorheus_. Colour as
in _C. maxwelli_, except that the legs from the elbows and knees
downwards are bright rufous.
Dimensions:--♀. Height at withers 13 inches, ear 1·6, hind foot 6·1.
Skull: basal length 4·3, greatest breadth 2·2, anterior edge of orbit
to muzzle 2·4.
_Hab._ South Africa, wooded districts of the Cape Colony,
extending westwards to Benguela and eastwards to Nyasaland.