of this group of Duikers which, although, like the two preceding, of
nearly uniform colour as regards the body, has a distinct black blaze
on the face, in which character it resembles _C. nigrifrons_ of
the West Coast of Africa. So closely allied, however, are all the
Duikers of the present section that, as will be seen from our list
of synonyms, Harvey’s Duiker was associated first of all with _C.
natalensis_ and afterwards with _C. nigrifrons_, before it was
recognized by Thomas as having good claims to constitute an independent
species. Thomas took his characters, which were published in the
‘Annals of Natural History’ in 1893, from a head obtained by Mr. F. J.
Jackson in the Kilimanjaro district some years ago, and subsequently
presented to the British Museum. In his chapter on “Game Districts and
Routes,” in the first volume of ‘Big Game Shooting,’ we find that Mr.
Jackson has mentioned the present species as met with along with the
elephant in the dense and almost impenetrable forests near Taveta. At
Mr. Jackson’s suggestion Thomas appropriately dedicated the present
species to Sir Robert Harvey, whose repeated expeditions to East Africa
have made us so well acquainted with the animals of that district.
[Illustration: Fig. 17.
Head of Harvey’s Duiker.
(From Mr. Jackson’s specimen.)]
On re-examining the specimens at the British Museum, Thomas discovered
that a skin obtained many years ago by Sir John Kirk near Malindi, on
the coast of British East Africa, and previously referred erroneously
to _C. natalensis_ (owing to its having lost the fur off its
face), likewise belongs to this species, which, as Mr. Jackson has
informed us, does occur in a patch of forest about one day south-west
of Malindi.
There can be little doubt also that the Black-fronted Antelope obtained
by Dr. W. L. Abbott near Taveta during his expedition of 1888–89, of
which we have already spoken, and now in the National Museum of the
United States at Washington, should be referred to _C. harveyi_.
Mr. True provisionally determined it as _C. nigrifrons_, not
having specimens of that Antelope from the western coast to compare it
with, and has given us an excellent description of it in his memoir on
Dr. Abbott’s mammals.
More recently, again, this species has been obtained by Capt. Bottego
in South Somaliland, as mentioned in Thomas’s report on the mammals
presented by that sportsman to the Museo Civico at Genoa.
Our figure of Harvey’s Duiker (Plate XVII.) has been prepared by Mr.
Smit from Sir John Kirk’s specimen in the British Museum, the head in
the same collection obtained by Mr. Jackson having been used where Sir
John Kirk’s specimen is imperfect.
_May, 1895._
[Illustration:
THE BOOK OF ANTELOPES, PL. XVIII.
_Smit lith._ _Hanhart imp._
Fig. 1. The Black-fronted Duiker.
CEPHALOPHUS NIGRIFRONS.
Fig. 2. Ogilby’s Duiker.
CEPHALOPHUS OGILBYI.
_Published by R. H. Porter._]
24. THE BLACK-FRONTED DUIKER.
CEPHALOPHUS NIGRIFRONS, GRAY.
[PLATE XVIII. FIG. 1.]
_Cephalophus nigrifrons_, =Gray=, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 578, fig. 6
(skull), pl. xlvi. (animal); =id.= Cat. Rum. B. M. p. 27 (1872);
=id.= Hand-l. Rum. B. M. p. 96 (1873); =Peters=, MB. Ak. Berl.
1876, p. 482 (Cameroons); =Scl.= List Anim. Z. S. (8) p. 147
(1883); =Thos.= P. Z. S. 1892, p. 419; =Lyd.= Horns and Hoofs,
p. 210 (1893).
_Cephalophus aureus_, =Gray=, Ann. Mag. N. H. (4) xii. p. 42
(1873) (jr.); =id.= Hand-l. Rum. B. M. p. 95 (1873).
VERNACULAR NAME:--_Ngolo_ in the Cameroons (_Buchholz_).
Size medium. Colour of body rich chestnut, scarcely or not at all paler
below. Centre of face and crest deep black, contrasting markedly with
the rufous superciliary streaks. Nape browner. Feet and tip of tail
blackish, a few white hairs in the terminal tuft of the latter. Hoofs
apparently longer in proportion than usual; lower edge of the posterior
outer hoof 1·57 inch in length.
Horns, judging only from the cores, decidedly short, and but little
expanded at their base; the cores in an adult male about 1·9 inch long.
Their set parallel to, and a little below, the level of the nasal
profile.
Skull with the frontal region decidedly convex. Muzzle rather narrow
and elongated. Anteorbital fossæ of medium depth. Median posterior
palatine notch some distance (⅓ inch in type) in front of the level of
the lateral notches.
Dimensions:--♂. Approximate height at withers 19 inches, ear 2·3, hind
foot 9·2.
Skull: basal length 6·3 inches, greatest breadth 3·1, muzzle to orbit
3·6.
_Hab._ Coast of Western Africa from Cameroons to Gaboon.
Although the great wood-region of Western Africa has been repeatedly
visited by naturalists since the days of Afzelius in the last century,
and many collections have been formed there, very little has been
recorded respecting the habits of the mammals of this part of the
continent. The reason of this, no doubt, is mainly the impenetrable
nature of the forests and bush which cover the whole country and
which allow much fewer observations to be made upon the habits and
peculiarities of the animals than in the more open and easily traversed
districts of the Ethiopian Region. Of the present and several other
species of this genus of Antelopes, for example, we shall see that
very little information can be given except what results from the
examination of their skins and skulls brought home as specimens for our
museums.
[Illustration: Fig. 18.
Skull of _Cephalophus nigrifrons_.
(P. Z. S. 1871, p. 598.)]
Like Harvey’s Duiker of Eastern Africa, the Black-fronted Duiker, which
is its representative and close ally in the great western wood-region,
carries a coat of a nearly uniform chestnut. Like _C. harveyi_,
also, it has a distinct black blaze down the centre of the face, whence
the appropriate name _C. nigrifrons_ has been bestowed on it.
Its distinctions from Harvey’s Duiker, as pointed out by Thomas, are
that it is of a much more uniform colour all over and hardly paler
below, while in the last-named species the cheeks, sides of the neck,
and throat are of a pale bay, and the chin is white as in _C.
natalensis_. Its most striking characteristic is, however, the fact
that its hoofs are very much longer than is usual in the genus, an
elongation which is probably due to its inhabiting marshy and boggy
regions, where its long hoofs would prevent its sinking so deeply as it
otherwise would into the muddy soil.
The typical specimens of this Duiker formed part of the collection made
by Mr. DuChaillu during his celebrated visit to the Gaboon in 1856 and
the following years, the greater part of which were ultimately acquired
by the British Museum. On reference to the ‘Explorations and Adventures
in Equatorial Africa’ of DuChaillu we can find no reference to it,
unless, as is probable, it is alluded to as one of the “four species
of Gazelle not yet determined,” which are enumerated in the appendix.
When, however, DuChaillu’s specimens came under the experienced eye
of the late Dr. Gray, on the occasion of his preparing a monograph of
the genus _Cephalophus_ (subsequently published in the Zoological
Society’s ‘Proceedings’ for 1871), it was quickly discovered that
amongst them was a representative of a new and distinct species of the
present genus, which was described and figured as _C. nigrifrons_.
In a subsequent communication to the ‘Annals of Natural History’ in
1871, Dr. Gray described a specimen of what he believed to be another
new species of _Cephalophus_ under the name of _C. aureus_.
On this occasion he tells us that the specimens, both of his _C.
nigrifrons_ and of his _C. aureus_, “had been sent home from
Africa by Mr. DuChaillu as materials for stuffing out the skin of a
specimen” of a larger Antelope (_Tragelaphus euryceros_). We
believe it to be the fact that, as Sclater was assured by the late Dr.
Gray, he described four new species of Antelopes from skins found in
the interior of this _Tragelaphus_ when it was unstuffed for the
purpose of being remounted for the collection of the British Museum. As
regards the so-called _C. aureus_, however, a close examination of
the typical specimen, made by Thomas in 1892, convinced him that it was
a very young animal and was probably only an immature individual of the
present species. We may observe, however, that its body is far brighter
and more fulvous than that of the adult, that the withers and shoulders
are browner, and that the caudal tuft is more abundantly mixed with
white.
In 1882, as recorded in the eighth edition of their ‘List of Animals,’
the Zoological Society acquired by purchase of Mr. Cross, of Liverpool,
a living specimen of the Black-fronted Antelope, which lived for about
three months in the Menagerie. Of this it can only be said that, like
most of the smaller Antelopes (if we except the Gazelles), it was shy
and inoffensive in its disposition.
The existence of _C. nigrifrons_ in the Cameroons has been
recorded by Peters, who published in 1876 an account of the collection
of Mammals made by Dr. Reinhold Buchholz in this and other localities
in Western Africa. Buchholz, when at the Cameroons, obtained a specimen
of the Black-fronted Duiker from the natives who had captured it alive
when swimming across a river. He remarks on the prominent appearance
of the inguinal glands, and says that the horns are very short and
conical, and almost covered by the frontal hairs. The native name of
these _Cephalophi_ in the Cameroons is said to be “Ngolo.”
Our figure of this Bush-Duiker (Plate XVIII. fig. 1) was prepared by
Mr. Smit under the direction of the late Sir Victor Brooke. It was
probably taken from the specimen in the British Museum, but of this we
are not quite sure.
_May, 1895._
25. THE WHITE-BELLIED DUIKER.
CEPHALOPHUS LEUCOGASTER, GRAY.
_Cephalophus leucogaster_, =Gray=, Ann. Mag. N. H. (4) xii.
p. 43 (1873); =Thos.= P. Z. S. 1892, p. 420; =Lyd.= Horns and
Hoofs, p. 211 (1893).
Size medium. General colour dull chestnut-rufous, with a black dorsal
band. Face rufous, darker down the centre; crest mixed rufous and
black. Nape browner. Dorsal stripe commencing in front of the withers,
not pure black, but grizzled with rufous, and not at all sharply
defined laterally; posteriorly, however, on the tail it becomes
abruptly very narrow and sharply defined, not covering the whole
breadth of the tail, but bordered on each side with rufous or white.
End of tail with a large mixed black and white tuft. Under surface of
body from chin to anus, inner sides of forearms and hips, and also a
line passing down the anterior side of the metatarsi, whitish or pure
white; no trace of a darker sternal patch. Posterior faces of buttocks
also pure white, very different from the deep chestnut of this part in
_C. dorsalis_.
Horns of type (apparently ♀) conical, sharply pointed.
Skull, so far as can be gathered from a young and very imperfect
example, with a slender narrow muzzle like that of _C. dorsalis
castaneus_, quite unlike the short conical one of _C. d.
typicus_.
Dimensions of the type (an immature specimen):--Height at withers 15
inches, ear 2·5, hind foot 7·9.
_Hab._ Gaboon.
The White-bellied Duiker is another discovery of Dr. Gray’s, made, as
in the case related in the former article, on a specimen obtained from
the interior of a stuffed example of _Tragelaphus euryceros_,
received from Mr. DuChaillu. We may therefore fairly put down the
locality of the specimen as Gaboon, to which district of Western Africa
both of Mr. DuChaillu’s great journeys were confined. As in the former
case also, the present species was described in the ‘Annals of Natural
History’ for 1873, in a supplementary paper to Dr. Gray’s revision of
the species of the present genus published in 1871. To what extent,
however, the present is different from the allied species must remain
uncertain until further specimens have been obtained, which, so far as
we are aware, has not yet been the case.
The typical example of _Cephalophus leucogaster_ is probably a
female and is quite immature, with the milk-molars still in position
and the third molar still below the bone, and it is difficult to arrive
at a definite conclusion from such a specimen. At the same time, as
Thomas has shown in his article on the genus _Cephalophus_,
published in 1892, it is not possible, in the present state of our
knowledge, to refer the specimen to any described species. The black
dorsal band distinguishes it from _C. nigrifrons_ and other
preceding species, and the white hams and under surface from all the
forms of the next following species--_C. dorsalis_--to which,
perhaps, it most closely approximates. On the whole, therefore, we can
at present only say that _C. leucogaster_ has been established on
a young specimen of a species of which the adult form is not yet known
to us.
_May, 1895._
[Illustration:
THE BOOK OF ANTELOPES. PL. XIX.
_Smit lith._ _Hanhart imp._
Fig. 1. The Red-flanked Duiker.
CEPHALOPHUS RUFILATUS.
Fig. 2. The Bay Duiker.
CEPHALOPHUS DORSALIS
_Published by R. H. Porter._]
26. THE BAY DUIKER.
CEPHALOPHUS DORSALIS, GRAY.
[PLATE XIX. FIG. 2.]
Subspecies _a_. C. D. TYPICUS.
_Cephalophus dorsalis_, =Gray=, Ann. Mag. N. H. (1) xviii. p.
165 (1846); =id.= List Ost. Sp. B. M. p. 146 (1847); =id.=
Knowsl. Men. p. 10, pl. vii. (animal) (1850); =id.= P. Z. S.
1850, p. 123; =id.= Cat. Ung. B. M. p. 84 (1852); =Temm.= Esq.
Zool. Guin. pp. 194, 218 (1853); =Scl.= P. Z. S. 1869, p. 594,
pl. xlvi.; =Murie=, P. Z. S. 1869, p. 595 (anatomy); =Fitz.=
SB. Wien, lix. pt. 1, p. 166 (1869); =Gray=, P. Z. S. 1871, p.
597, pl. xlv. (animal); =id.= Cat. Rum. B. M. p. 27 (1872);
=id.= Hand-l. Rum. B. M. p. 96 (1873); =Scl.= List Anim. Z. S.
(8) p. 147 (1883); =Jent.= N. L. M. x. p. 20 (1887) (Liberia);
=id.= Cat. Ost. Leyd. Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, ix.) p. 132 (1887);
=Büttikofer=, Reisebild. Liberia, ii. p. 377 (1890); =Jent.=
Cat. Mamm. Leyd. Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, xi.) p. 162 (1892);
=Thos.= P. Z. S. 1892, p. 420; =Matsch.= Mitth. deutsch.
Schutz-geb. vi. p. 81 (1893); =Lyd.= Horns and Hoofs, p. 211
(1893).
_Antilope (Cephalophus) dorsalis_, =Wagn.= Schr. Säug. Suppl. v.
p. 424 (1855).
_Cephalophus dorsalis typicus_, =Thos.= _l. s. c._
_Cephalophus badius_, =Gray=, Cat. Ung. B. M. p. 84 (1852);
=Gerr.= Cat. Bones Mamm. B. M. p. 236 (1862); =Gray=, P. Z. S.
1871, p. 595; =id.= Cat. Rum. B. M. p. 26 (1872); =id.= Hand-l.
Rum. B. M. p. 94 (1873).
_Cephalophus breviceps_, =Gray=, P. Z. S. 1866, p. 202, pl. xx.
(animal).
Subspecies _b_. C. D. CASTANEUS.
_Cephalophus dorsalis castaneus_, =Thos.= P. Z. S. 1892, p. 421.
Subspecies _a_. C. D. TYPICUS.
Size medium. Ears extremely short and broad. General colour bright
chestnut-rufous, with a dark mesial stripe running from the nose to the
tail, only interrupted at the crest, which is sometimes rufous. Centre
line of face brown; superciliary streaks bright rufous. Crest variable,
either black, mixed black and rufous, or wholly rufous. Dorsal stripe
becoming absolutely black on the back, sometimes sharply defined
throughout, sometimes broadening out on the withers into an ill-defined
band passing down the shoulders towards the fore legs. Under surface,
inner sides of limbs, and back of hams rufous like the sides; a black
or blackish longitudinal patch present in the sternal region. Fore
limbs brown, from the shoulder downwards, hind limbs from just above
the heel. Tail black above throughout, the black covering nearly the
whole breadth of the tail, white beneath terminally.
Horns placed about in the same straight line as the nasal profile,
those of male about 2·8 inches long, slender, tapering, not thickened
or roughened basally, the basal diameter going nearly five times in the
length.
Skull with a remarkably short conical muzzle, the distance from the
anterior rim of the orbit to the muzzle less than the zygomatic
breadth. Anteorbital fossæ of medium depth. Mesial notch of palate
about ⅕ inch in advance of the lateral ones.
Dimensions:--♀ (not fully adult). Height at withers 15 inches, ear 1·8,
hind foot 6·7.
Skull: basal length (c.) 5·5 inches, greatest breadth 3·2, orbit to
muzzle 3.
_Hab._ West Africa, from Sierra Leone to the Gold Coast,
replaced in the Cameroons by _C. d. castaneus_.
Subspecies _b_. C. D. CASTANEUS.
Rather larger than _C. d. typicus_, and ears apparently rather
longer. Colour deep chestnut all over, the dorsal line deep black,
the metacarpals and metatarsals brown. Superciliary stripe chestnut,
indistinct, far less bright than in _C. d. typicus_, and the
general colour of the head darker and duller.
Skull with the muzzle of the ordinary slender elongate shape, the
distance from the anterior edge of the orbit to the muzzle exceeding
the zygomatic breadth. Teeth decidedly larger than in the typical form.
Dimensions of the type, an immature female:--Height at withers 19
inches, ear 2·4, hind foot 8.
Skull: basal length (c.) 6 inches, greatest breadth 3·3, orbit to
muzzle 3·5.
This subspecies is based on a female specimen referred by Gray[13] to
“_Cephalophus badius_”; its skull has been figured by him under
that name. Thomas has, however, shown that the skull of this specimen
differs so much from that of typical _C. dorsalis_ that, in spite
of its external resemblance, it should be looked upon as representing
a distinct subspecies; and this view we have accepted in the present
work. Additional specimens will, however, be needed before its position
can be satisfactorily determined. For the present, therefore, we
publish all that is known about it, and trust that further specimens
from different localities will clear up the precise relationship it
bears to the true _C. dorsalis_, and also to its close ally _C.
leucogaster_.
_Hab._ Cameroons.
The Bay Duiker, as this Antelope has long been called, is better known
than the species which we have last spoken of and appears to have a
wider distribution. At the same time it varies a good deal in the
colour of its fur, both according to age and in the various localities
in which it is found. Gray, who was an habitual species-maker, has, as
was pointed out by Sclater in 1869, described it under three different
names, based on age-changes and on slight variations in colour.
Commencing in 1846, Gray established his _Cephalophus dorsalis_
on a specimen in the British Museum, which had been brought to this
country alive by Mr. Whitfield from Sierra Leone and had died in the
Surrey Zoological Gardens. In 1850 he figured the same species in
the ‘Knowsley Menagerie’ from a drawing made by Waterhouse Hawkins.
This drawing was probably taken from living specimens in the Knowsley
Collection, also procured by Whitfield, who was a collector employed
by Lord Derby. In 1852 Dr. Gray seems to have come to the conclusion
that the animal figured in the ‘Knowsley Menagerie’ was not the same
as the true _Cephalophus dorsalis_ originally described from
Mr. Whitfield’s specimen, and, accordingly, in his list of Ungulata
Furcipeda in the British Museum, named the former _Cephalophus
badius_, retaining the name _Cephalophus dorsalis_ for the
latter. Dr. Gray, however, did not state exactly how the two species
are to be distinguished, and he afterwards united them under one
heading. The typical specimen of _C. breviceps_ was described when
alive in the Zoological Gardens, and, as noticed by Gray himself,
“assumed all the appearance, as it grew up, of _C. badius_”
As recorded by Temminck in his ‘Esquisses Zoologiques sur la Côte de
Guinée,’ the well-known Dutch collector Pel met with this Antelope in
Ashantee and Sierra Leone, where he states that it is found, although
somewhat rarely, in the littoral forests, showing itself only at night.
Two other collectors from Holland, Büttikofer and Stampfli, obtained
specimens of this species on the Junk River in Liberia, which were
likewise transmitted to the Leyden Museum.
Examples of this species in the British Museum were procured in Fantee
by the native collector Aubinn; and we may therefore state confidently
that the typical form of _C. dorsalis_ inhabits the whole
coast-region of Western Africa from Liberia to the mouth of the Niger.
When, however, we pass southwards of the delta of the Niger and arrive
at the higher ground of the Cameroons the typical _C. dorsalis_
seems to be replaced by a slightly different local form, which Thomas
in 1892 characterized as a subspecies, _C. dorsalis castaneus_.
This Antelope is rather larger than the typical form and the ears
are apparently rather larger. The chestnut superciliary stripe is
indistinct, far less bright than in the typical form, and the general
colour of the head is darker and duller. The typical specimen of
this subspecies, which is in the collection of the British Museum,
is a female obtained by Crossley in the Cameroons. Besides the
colour-differences just mentioned the form of the skull, which is
figured in the ‘Hand-list of Ruminants’ as that of _C. badius_
(_op. cit._ pl. xxx. fig. 1), is likewise peculiar. But further
specimens and more information are necessary before we can decide
whether it will be advisable to give the Cameroons animal the full rank
of a species.
We have already mentioned the existence of a living specimen of this
Duiker in the Derby Menagerie. Living specimens of it have also been
received on more than one occasion by the Zoological Society of London.
In 1861 an example was purchased of a dealer in Liverpool and lived
more than two years in the Society’s Gardens. A second specimen,
quite immature on its arrival, was purchased in February 1866 and was
shortly afterwards described by Gray as _Cephalophus breviceps_.
This was a female, and, being placed in the same compartment of the
Gazelle-sheds as a male of the allied species _C. rufilatus_,
bred with it when adult. It produced a young one in January, 1869,
and died soon afterwards. A third specimen of the same Antelope was
brought home from the Gold Coast and presented to the Society by Mr.
C. B. Mosse, Staff-Surgeon, R.N., in October, 1869. This specimen was
figured in the Zoological Society’s ‘Proceedings’ for that year (_op.
cit._ pi. xlvi.). Mr. Mosse presented another from the same district
in 1874. Since that period six other specimens of this Antelope have
been acquired at different dates.
_May, 1895._
27. OGILBY’S DUIKER.
CEPHALOPHUS OGILBYI, WATERH.
[PLATE XVIII. FIG. 2.]
_Antilope ogilbyi_, =Waterh.= P. Z. S. 1838, p. 60, 1842, p. 129
(Fernando Po); =id.= Ann. Mag. N. H. (1) ii. p. 472 (1839), xii.
p. 57 (1843); =Fraser=, Zool. Typ. pi. xix. (animal) (1849).
_Cephalophorus ogilbyi_, =Gray=, Ann. Mag. N. H. x. p. 267
(1842); =id.= List Mamm. B. M. p. 163 (1843).
_Antilope (Tragelaphus) ogilbyi_, =Less.= N. Tabl. R. A., Mamm.
p. 181 (1842).
_Antilope (Cephalophus) ogilbyi_, =Wagn.= Schr. Säug. Suppl. iv.
p. 446 (1844), v. p. 423 (1855).
_Cephalophus ogilbyi_, =Gray=, Ann. Mag. N. H. (1) xviii. p.
165 (1846); =id.= Knowsl. Men. p. 10, pl. viii. fig. 2 (1850);
=id.= P. Z. S. 1850, p. 122; =id.= Cat. Ung. B. M. p. 83 (1852);
=Temm.= Esq. Zool. Guin. pp. 194, 217 (1853); =Gerr.= Cat. Bones
Mamm. B. M. p. 236 (1862); =Fitz.= SB. Wien, lix. pt. 1, p. 167
(1869); =Gray=, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 595; =id.= Cat. Rum. B. M. p.
26 (1872); =id.= Hand-l. Rum. B. M. p. 98 (1873); =Jent.= N. L.
M. x. p. 20 (1887) (Liberia); =Büttikofer=, Reisebild. Liberia,
ii. p. 377 (1890); =Matsch.= Arch. f. Nat. 1891, pt. i. p. 353
(Cameroons); =Jent.= Cat. Mamm. Leyd. Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, xi.)
p. 162 (1892); =Thos.= P. Z. S. 1892, p. 422; =Lyd.= Horns and
Hoofs, p. 211 (1893); =Matsch.= MT. deutsch. Schutz-geb. vi. p.
81 (1893).
_Sylvicapra ogilbyi_, =Sund.= Pecora, K. Vet.-Ak. Hand-l. 1844,
p. 191 (1846); =id.= Hornschuch’s Transl., Arch. Skand. Beitr.
ii. p. 143; Reprint, p. 67 (1848).
Size medium. General colour bright orange, becoming rather more rufous
on the hindquarters. Nose brown, but otherwise the face is of the same
colour as the body. Nape and sides of neck brown or blackish, but
the hairs here so thin and short that the skin shows through and the
general colour is but little affected. Hinder back with a marked black
central dorsal streak, commencing vaguely at the withers, becoming
narrower and more sharply defined posteriorly, and running on to the
tail. Limbs dull yellowish, except on the phalanges, where they are
brown or black.
Horns in the direct line of the nasal profile; those of male about four
inches long, conical, slightly incurved, much broadened basally, their
greatest basal diameter going 2½ or 3 times in their length. Female
about an inch and a half in length, conical, smooth, broad at base,
pointed terminally, their length not twice their basal diameter.