mentioned, that all the hair of the head, excepting a little over the
forehead and temples, is arranged in plaits, or braids, which hang down
the back. These plaits are generally from eleven to twenty-five in
number; but always of an uneven number: eleven is considered a scanty
number: thirteen and fifteen are more common. Three times the number of
black silk strings (three to each plait of hair, and each three united
at the top), from sixteen to eighteen inches in length, are braided with
the hair for about a quarter of their length; or they are attached to a
lace or band of black silk which is bound round the head, and in this
case hang entirely separate from the plaits of hair, which they almost
conceal. These strings are called “keytáns;” and together with certain
ornaments of gold, etc., the more common of which are here represented,
compose what is termed the “safa.”[651] Along each string, excepting
from the upper extremity to about a quarter or (at most) a third of its
length, are generally attached nine or more of the little flat ornaments
of gold called “bark.” These are commonly all of the same form, and
about an inch, or a little more, apart; but those of each string are
purposely placed so as not exactly to correspond with those of the
others. The most usual forms of bark are Nos. 1 and 2 of the specimens
given on p. 529. At the end of each string is a small gold tube, called
“másoorah,” about three-eighths of an inch long, or a kind of gold bead
in the form of a cube with a portion cut off from each angle, called
“habbeh.” Beneath the másoorah or habbeh is a little ring, to which is
most commonly suspended a Turkish gold coin called “Ruba Fenduklee,”
equivalent to nearly 1_s._ 8_d._ of our money, and a little more than
half an inch in diameter. Such is the most general description of safa;
but there are more genteel kinds, in which the habbeh is usually
preferred to the másoorah, and instead of the Ruba Fenduklee is a flat
ornament of gold, called, from its form, “kummetrë,” or “pear.” There
are also other and more approved substitutes for the gold coin; the most
usual of which is called “shiftish′eh,” composed of open gold work, with
a pearl in the centre. Some ladies substitute a little tassel of pearls
for the gold coin; or suspend alternately pearls and emeralds to the
bottom of the triple strings; and attach a pearl with each of the bark.
The safa thus composed with pearls is called “safa loolee.” Coral beads
are also sometimes attached in the same manner as the pearls.—From what
has been said above, it appears that a moderate safa of thirteen plaits
will consist of 39 strings, 351 bark, 39 másoorahs or habbehs, and 39
gold coins or other ornaments; and that a safa of twenty-five plaits,
with twelve bark to each string, will contain no fewer than 900 bark,
and seventy-five of each of the other appendages. The safa appears to me
the prettiest, as well as the most singular, of all the ornaments worn
by the ladies of Egypt. The glittering of the bark, etc., and their
chinking together as the wearer walks, have a peculiarly lively effect.
[Illustration:
1, 2, 3, 4. BARK. 5. MÁSOORAH. 6. HABBEH. 7. SHIFTISH′EH.
Each, half the real size.
]
Anklets (“khulkhál”), of solid gold or silver, and of the form here
sketched, are worn by some ladies; but are more uncommon than they
formerly were. They are of course very heavy, and, knocking together as
the wearer walks, make a ringing noise: hence it is said in a song, “The
ringing of thine anklets has deprived me of my reason.” Isaiah alludes
to this,[652] or perhaps to the sound produced by another kind of anklet
which will be mentioned hereafter.
[Illustration: ANKLETS—one-fourth the real size.]
The only description of ladies’ ornaments that I have yet to describe is
the “hegáb,” or amulet. This is a writing of one or other of the kinds
that I have described in the eleventh chapter, covered with waxed cloth,
to preserve it from accidental pollution, or injury by moisture, and
enclosed in a case of thin embossed gold, or silver, which is attached
to a silk string, or a chain, and generally hung on the right side,
above the girdle; the string or chain being passed over the left
shoulder. Sometimes these cases bear Arabic inscriptions; such as “Má
sháallah” (“What God willeth [cometh to pass]”) and “Yá kadi-l-hágát”
(“O decreer of the things that are needful!”). I insert an engraving of
three hegábs of gold attached to a string, to be worn together. The
central one is a thin, flat case, containing a folded paper: it is about
a third of an inch thick: the others are cylindrical cases, with
hemispherical ends, and contain scrolls: each has a row of bark along
the bottom. Hegábs such as these, or of a triangular form, are worn by
many children, as well as women; and those of the latter form are often
attached to a child’s head-dress.
The ornaments worn by females of the _lower orders_ must now be
described.
[Illustration: HEGÁBS—one-fourth the real size.]
It is necessary, perhaps, to remind the reader, that the head-dress of
these women, with the exception of some of the poor in the villages,
generally consists of an ’asbeh, which has been described in page 40;
and that some wear, instead of this, the tarboosh and faroodeeyeh.
Sometimes, a string of Venetian sequins (which is called “sheddeh
benád’kah”) is worn along the front of the ’asbeh or rabtah. The
tarboosh is also sometimes decorated with the gold kurs and the
faroodeeyeh, with some other ornaments before described, as the gold
kamarahs, sakiyeh, misht, etc.
The “halak,” or ear-rings, are of a great variety of forms. Some are of
gold and precious stones; but the more common, of brass; and many of the
latter have coloured beads attached to them. A few are of silver.
The “khizám,” or nose-ring, commonly called “khuzám,” is worn by a few
of the women of the lower orders in Cairo, and by many of those in the
country towns and villages both of Upper and Lower Egypt. It is most
commonly made of brass; is from an inch to an inch and a half in
diameter; and has usually three or more coloured glass beads, generally
red and blue, attached to it. It is almost always passed through the
right ala of the nose; and hangs partly before the mouth; so that the
wearer is obliged to hold it up with one hand when she puts anything
into her mouth. It is sometimes of gold. This ornament is as ancient as
the time of the patriarch Abraham;[653] and is mentioned by Isaiah[654]
and by Ezekiel.[655] To those who are unaccustomed to the sight of it,
the nose-ring is certainly the reverse of an ornament.
[Illustration: NOSE-RINGS—half the real size.]
The “’ekd,” or necklace, is generally of a style similar to those which
I have already described. I have before mentioned that the libbeh and
sha’eer are worn by some women of the lower orders; but their necklaces
are most commonly composed of coloured glass beads: sometimes, of a
single string; and sometimes, of several strings, with one or more
larger beads in the centre: or they are made in the form of net-work.
The Egyptian women, being excessively fond of ornaments, often wear two
or three necklaces of the value of a penny each, or less. Some necklaces
are composed of large beads of transparent amber.
Another ornament worn by many of them on the neck is a ring, called
“tók,” of silver or brass or pewter. Little girls, also, sometimes wear
this ornament. Some of the smaller tóks are made of iron.
Finger-rings of silver or of brass are almost universally worn. Brass
rings, with pieces of coloured glass set in them, may be purchased in
Cairo for scarcely more than a farthing each; and many women wear two,
three, or more, of these.
The “asáwir,” or bracelets, are of various kinds. Some are of silver;
and some, of brass or copper; and of the same form as those of gold
before described. Those of brass are the more common. There are also
bracelets composed of large amber beads, and others of bone; and there
is a very common kind, called “ghuweyshát,” of opaque, coloured glass,
generally blue or green, but sometimes variegated with other colours.
These, and the bone bracelets, are drawn over the hand.
Some of the women of the lower orders imitate their superiors in
arranging their hair in several plaits, and plaiting, with each of
these, the black silk strings which are worn by the ladies; but it is
the general practice of the women of these classes to divide their hair
into only two tresses behind, and to plait, with each of these tresses,
three red silk strings, each of which has a tassel at the end, and
reaches more than half-way towards the ground; so that they are usually
obliged to draw aside the tassels before they sit down. These appendages
are called “’okoos.”
“Khulkhál,” or anklets of solid silver, already described, are worn by
the wives of some of the richer peasants, and of the sheykhs of
villages; and small khulkháls of iron are worn by many children. It was
also a common custom among the Arabs, for girls or young women to wear a
string of bells on their feet. I have seen many little girls in Cairo
with small round bells attached to their anklets. Perhaps it is to the
sound of ornaments of this kind, rather than that of the more common
anklet, that Isaiah alludes in chapter iii., verse 16.
-----
Footnote 651:
See, again, the engraving on page 36.
Footnote 652:
Chap. iii. ver. 16.
Footnote 653:
See Genesis xxiv. 47, where in our common version, “ear-ring” is
improperly put for “nose-ring.”
Footnote 654:
Chap. iii. ver. 21.
Footnote 655:
Chap. xvi. ver. 12. Here, again, a mistake is made in our common
version, but corrected in the margin.
APPENDIX B.
EGYPTIAN MEASURES, WEIGHTS, AND MONEYS.
Of the measures and weights used in Egypt, I am not able to give an
exact account; for, after diligent search, I have not succeeded in
finding any two specimens of the same denomination perfectly agreeing
with each other, and generally the difference has been very
considerable: but in those cases in which I have given the _minimum_ and
_maximum_, the former may be received as approximating very nearly to
the just equivalent. The tradesmen in Egypt, from fear of the Mohtes′ib,
mostly have measures and weights a little exceeding the true standards,
though stamped by the government, which takes care to have such measures
and weights employed in the purchases which it makes, and equal care, no
doubt, to use those which are more true in selling.
MEASURES OF LENGTH AND LAND.
The “fitr” is the space measured by the extension of the thumb and first
finger.
The “shibr” is the common span, measured by the extension of the thumb
and little finger.
The “diráa beledee” (or “cubit of the country”—the common Egyptian
cubit), which is used for measuring the linen, etc., manufactured in
Egypt, is equal to 22 inches and two-thirds.
The “diráa hindázeh,” chiefly used for measuring Indian goods, is about
25 inches.
The “diráa Istamboolee” (or “cubit of Constantinople”), which is used
for measuring European cloth, etc., is about 26 inches and a half.
The “feddán,” the most common measure of land, was, a few years ago,
equal to about an English acre and one-tenth. It is now less than an
acre. It is divided into “keeráts” (or twenty-fourth parts); and
consists of 333 square “kasabahs” (or rods) and one-third. The kasabah
was 24 “kabdahs;” but is now 22. The kabdah is the measure of a man’s
fist with the thumb erect, or about 6 inches and a quarter.
The “malakah,” or Egyptian league, is a measure of which I have not been
able to obtain any better definition than this:—That it is the distance
between two villages. It is different in Upper and Lower Egypt; as was
the ancient schœnus, with which it nearly corresponds. In Lower Egypt it
is about an hour’s journey, or from 2½ to 3 miles: in Upper Egypt, about
an hour and a half or from 3¾ miles to 4½, or even more.
CORN MEASURES.
The “ardebb” is equivalent, very nearly, to five English bushels.
The “weybeh” is the sixth of an ardebb.
The “ruba” is the fourth of a weybeh.
WEIGHTS.
The “kamhah” (or grain of wheat) is the 64th part of a dirhem, or fourth
of a keerát; about three-quarters of an English grain.
The “habbeh” (or grain of barley) is the 48th part of a dirhem, or third
of a keerát; equal to 127୵128 of an English grain, or in commerce fully
equal to an English grain.
The “keerát” (or carat), which is 4 kamhahs, or 3 habbehs, as above
mentioned, is the 24th part of a mitkál or from 2123୵128 to three
English grains.
The “dirhem” (or drachm), the subdivisions of which have been mentioned
above, is from 476୵8 to 48 English grains.
The “mitkál” (or the weight of a “deenár”) is a dirhem and a half;—from
717୵16 to 72 English grains.
The “ukeeyeh,” or “wukeeyeh” (the ounce), is 12 dirhems, or the 12th
part of a ratl;—from 571½ to 576 English grains.
The “ratl” (or pound), being 144 dirhems, or 12 ukeeyehs, is from 1 lb.
2 oz. 5ã dwt. to about 1 lb. 2 oz. 8 dwt., Troy; or from 15 oz. 10 dr.
221୵16 grains to nearly 15 oz. 13 dr., Avoirdupois.
The “ukkah,” or “wukkah,” is 400 dirhems (or 2 ratls and
seven-ninths);—from 3 lb. 3 oz. 13¾ dwt. to 3 lb. 4 oz., Troy; or from 2
lb. 11 oz. 8 dr. 18¾ grains to about, or nearly, 2 lb. 12 oz., or 2 lb.
and three-quarters, Avoirdupois.
The “kantár” (or hundred-weight, _i.e._ 100 ratls) is from 98 lb.
_minus_ 200 grains to about 98 lb. and three-quarters, Avoirdupois.
MONEYS.
The pound sterling is now, and is likely to continue for some years,
equivalent to 100 Egyptian piasters: it has risen, in two years, from 72
piasters; which was the rate of exchange for several preceding years.
A “faddah” is the smallest Egyptian coin. It is called, in the singular,
“nuss” (a corruption of “nusf,” which signifies “half”) or “nuss
faddah:” it is also called “meyyedee,” or “meiyedee” (an abbreviation of
“mu-eiyadee”). These names were originally given to the half-dirhems
which were coined in the reign of the Sultán El-Mu-eiyad, in the early
part of the ninth century of the Flight, or of the fifteenth of our era.
The Turks call it “párah.” The faddah is made of a mixture of silver and
copper (its name signifies “silver”); and is the fortieth part of a
piaster; consequently equivalent to six twenty-fifths, or nearly a
quarter, of a farthing.
There are pieces of 5, 10, and 20 faddahs, “khamseh faddah,” “’asharah
faddah,” and “’eshreen faddah” (so called for “khamset ansáf faddah,”
etc.), or “kat’ah bi-khamseh,” “kat’ah bi-’asharah,” and “kat’ah
bi-’eshreen” (_i.e._ “pieces of five,” etc.): the last is also called
“nus kirsh” (or “half a piaster”). These pieces, which are equivalent
respectively to a farthing and one-fifth, two farthings and two-fifths,
and a penny and one-fifth, are of the same composition as the single
faddahs.
The “kirsh,” or Egyptian piaster, has already been shown to be
equivalent to the hundredth part of a pound sterling, or the fifth of a
shilling; that is, two pence and two-fifths. It is of the same
composition as the pieces above mentioned, and an inch and one-eighth in
diameter. On one face it bears the Sultán’s cypher; and on the other, in
Arabic, “duriba fee Misr” (“coined in Misr,” commonly called Masr,
_i.e._ Cairo), with the date of the present Básha’s accession to the
government below (1223 of the Flight, or 1808-9 of our era), and the
year of his government in which it was coined above. The inscriptions of
the other coins are almost exactly similar.
The “saadeeyeh,” commonly called “kheyreeyeh bi-arba’′ah” (_i.e._ “the
kheyreeyeh of four”), or the “small kheyreeyeh,” is a small gold coin,
of the value of four piasters, or nine pence and three-fifths.
The “kheyreeyeh” properly so called, or “kheyreeyeh bi-tis’ah” (_i.e._
“kheyreeyeh of nine”), is a gold coin of the value of nine piasters, or
twenty-one pence and three-fifths.
The above are the only Egyptian coins.
The coins of Constantinople are current in Egypt; but scarce.
European and American dollars are also current in Egypt: most of them
are equivalent to twenty Egyptian piasters: the Spanish pillared dollar,
to twenty-one. The name of “riyál faránsa” is given to every kind; but
the pillared dollar is called “aboo midfa’” (or, “having a cannon”); the
pillars being mistaken for cannons. The others have also distinguishing
names. The Spanish doubloon (called in Arabic “debloon”), the value of
which is sixteen dollars, is likewise current in this country: so also
are the Venetian sequin (called “benduk′ee,” for “bunduk′ee”), and the
English sovereign (which is called “ginyeh,” for guinea).
The “riyál” of Egypt is a nominal money, the value of ninety faddahs, or
five pence and two-fifths. In, or about, the year of the Flight 1185
(A.D. 1771-2), the Spanish dollar passed for ninety faddahs, by order of
’Alee Béy. The dollar was then simply called “riyál;” and from that
period, the above-mentioned number of faddahs has continued to be called
by this name.
The “kees,” or purse, is the sum of five hundred piasters, or five
pounds sterling.
The “khazneh,” or treasury, is a thousand purses, or five thousand
pounds sterling.
----------------------------
APPENDIX C.
PRAYER OF MUSLIM SCHOOL-BOYS.
My friend Mr. Burton (who, in the course of his long residence in Egypt,
has acquired an ample fund of valuable information respecting its modern
inhabitants, as well as other subjects) has kindly communicated to me an
Arabic paper containing the forms of imprecation to which I have alluded
in a note subjoined to page 255 of this work. They are expressed in a
“hezb” (or prayer) which the Muslim youths in many of the schools of
Cairo recite, before they return to their homes, every day of their
attendance, at the period of the “’asr,” excepting on Thursday, when
they recite it at noon; being allowed to leave the school, on this day,
at the early hour of the “duhr,” in consideration of the approach of
Friday, their sabbath and holiday. This prayer is not recited in the
schools that are held within mosques. It is similar to a portion of the
“khutbet en-naat.”[656] I here translate it.
“I seek refuge with God from Satan the accursed![657] In the name of
God, the Compassionate, the Merciful! O God! aid El-Islám, and exalt the
word of truth, and the faith, by the preservation of thy servant, and
the son of thy servant, the Sultán of the two continents,[658] and
Khákán[659] of the two seas,[660] the Sultán, son of the Sultán, the
Sultán [Mahmood[661]] Khán. O God! assist him, and assist his armies,
and all the forces of the Muslims! O Lord of all creatures! O God!
destroy the infidels and polytheists, thine enemies, the enemies of the
religion! O God! make their children orphans, and defile their abodes,
and cause their feet to slip, and give them and their families and their
households and their women and their children and their relations by
marriage and their brothers and their friends and their possessions and
their race and their wealth and their lands as booty to the Muslims! O
Lord of all creatures!”
Not to convey too harsh a censure of the Muslims of Egypt, by the
insertion of this prayer, I should add, that the excessive fanaticism
which it indicates is not to be imputed to this people universally.
-----
Footnote 656:
See p. 75.
Footnote 657:
Or “driven away with stones.”
Footnote 658:
Europe and Asia.
Footnote 659:
Emperor, or monarch.
Footnote 660:
The Mediterranean and Black Seas.
Footnote 661:
The reigning Sultán at the time when the above was written.
----------------------------
INDEX.
’Abáyeh, 25, 27, 289.
’Abbásees, their costume, 28.
’Abd-Er-Rahmán El-Gabartee, 197.
Abdál. _See_ Bedeel.
’Abdalláwee melon, 294, 298.
Ablutions. _See_ Wudoó, Tayemmum, Ghusl, and Death.
Aboo, 115;
-Farrág, 63;
-midfa’, 535;
-Ru-oos, the sheykh Isma’eel, 244;
-Zeyd, romance of, 361.
Abrár, 441, 474.
Adán, or adhán, 60, 72;
manner in which it is chanted, 343.
’A’dileeyeh (The), 370.
Admiration, proper and improper modes of expressing, 229, 230.
Adultery, law respecting, 95;
punishment of men who accuse women of this crime without the
testimony required by law, 96;
manner in which women guilty of this crime are sometimes punished,
107, 179, 279, 280.
’Afeefeeyeh darweeshes, 223.
Afiyoon, and Afiyoonee, 306.
’Agam, 72.
Agathodæmon, modern, 207.
Age, respect paid to, 180, 272.
A’gha of the Police. _See_ Zábit.
Agriculture, 309.
’Ahd, 223.
Ahl-Far’oon, 22.
Ahmad, a name of the Arabian Prophet, 387;
El-Bedawee, the seyyid, 63;
Moolids of, 220, 222.
Ahmar, significations of, 229.
Ahmedeeyeh darweeshes, or Ahmedees, 222.
’Akabeh, 459.
’Akd en-nikáh, 146.
’Akeek, 524.
’Akeekah, 44.
Akhdar, significations of, 229.
’Akkád, 294.
’A’isheh, the occasion of a singular law, 95.
A’látees, or áláteeyeh, 173, 325, 464.
Alchemy, 198, 243.
’Alee Bey, cruelty of a wretch of this name, 112.
’A’lim, 29, 106.
Alláh, or God, _passim_;
kereem, 262.
Alláhu akbar, 63.
Almanac, 201.
’A’l’mehs, or ’Awálim, 151, 173, 325, 463, 464.
Alms-giving, 56, 78;
of Moharram, or the ’Ashr, 392.
Aloe-plant used as a charm, 236.
Aloes-wood. _See_ ’Ood.
Alum, virtue of, 230.
Ambergris, used for fumigation, 185;
used to impart a perfume to coffee, 126.
Amsheer, 200.
Amulets. _See_ Hegábs, and Charms.
’Anátireh. _See_ ’Anter’ee.
Anatomy, 107, 198.
Angáb. _See_ Negeeb.
Angels, 54, 203, 242;
Attendant, 66.
Anklets, 160, 529.
’Annáb, 134.
’Antar, romance of, 380, 381.
’Anter’ee (a kind of vest), 35;
(a reciter of ’Antar), 380.
Antichrist, 53.
Apostasy punished with death, 96.
’Arab, 22.
’Arafát (Mount), 79.
’Arakeeyeh, 25.
Arba’’a Eiyoob, 452.
Arba’een (El-), 466, 488.
Architecture, 286.
Ardebb, 533.
’Areef, 50.
Arghool, 224, 335, 336.
Arithmetic, 50.
Armenians in Egypt, number of, 19.
’Arooseh, 128, 457.
Arts and manufactures, 286.
Asáwir, 527, 532.
’Asbeh, 40.
’Asha, 129.
As-háb el-Ahzáb, 478;
ed-Darak, 213;
el-Kahf, 228.
Ashbeen, 504.
’A’shoora, customs of, 231, 394.
’Ashr, 392, 487.
’Asr, 60, 200.
Ass, how equipped for riding, for use of men, 127;
for use of ladies, 173;
part performed by one, 222.
Assassin, origin of the word, 306, 379.
Astaghfir Alláh, 258.
Astrolabe, 198.
Astrology, 42, 198, 243.
Astronomy, 198.
’Attár, 294.
Auguration, 239, 453, 454.
A’yát el-hefz, 227;
esh-shifë, 233.
A’yet el-Kursee, 66.
Azhar (El-), Great Mosque, 71, 73, 188, 191;
students of, 191;
studies pursued there, 191;
sheykh of, 192, 193, 196;
professors of, 192, 194;
blind students of, 193.
’A’z’kee, 126.
Báb el-hareem, 9;
sirr, 16;
Zuweyleh, 211.
Bábeh, 199.
Báboog, 37, 39.
Bádingán, 133, 278.
Baghlet el-’Ashr, 393.
Bahluwáns, 356.
Bakhoor el-barr, 126.
Balance in which good and evil works are to be weighed, 54.
Bámiyeh, 133.
Ba-ooneh, 200.
Baráhimeh darweeshes, 223.
Barámikeh, 349, 356.
Bark, 40, 529.
Barmahát, 200.
Barmek’ees. _See_ Barámikeh.
Barmoodeh, 200.
Barrenness considered a curse and reproach, 45.
Barsh, 307.
Básh Kátib of the Kádee, 101;
Rusul, 101;
Turgumán, 101.
Bast, 306.
Bastinading, 95, 99, 164.
Bat, use made of its blood, 35.
Bath, 151, 157, 307.
Batrak, 492.
Batteekh, 134.
Báz, 224, 333.
Beard, mode of trimming the, 23;
few shave it off, 23;
shaven off as a punishment, 23;
respect paid to the, 24;
seldom dyed, 24.
Beasts and birds, language of, 226.
Bed, 139.
Bedawee and Bedaweeyeh, 27, 257.
Bedeel, 210.
Bedouins. _See_ Bedawee.
Beer. _See_ Boozeh.
Beer el-yarakán, 238.
Beetles, singular use made of them, 172, 467.
Beggars, 299.
Beiyoomeeyeh darweeshes, or Beiyoomees, 222, 420.
Bekreeyeh darweeshes, 223.
Bekreg, or bakrag, 125.
Belah meblool, 297.
Beleed, 209.
Belláneh, 149, 314.
Belloor, 524.
Benduk’ee, 535;
musháharah, 236.
Beng, 379.
Benish, or Beneesh, 25.
Benzoin. _See_ Gáwee.
Beshens, 200.
Beybars. _See_ Ez-Záhir.
Beyt, 315, 317;
el-mál, 92;
el-owwal, 310.
Biers, 476, 478, 480.
Bigotry inculcated into the minds of children, 48.
Bint el-Beled, 22;
el-Masr, 22.
Birds, charity to, 434;
and beasts, language of, 226.
Birgás, game of the, 365.
Bisháreen, strange custom of, 268.
Bi-smi-llah, 64, 131, 205.
Blasphemy, law respecting, 97.
Blind, asylum and college for the, 193.
Blindness prevalent in Egypt, 23.
Blood, unlawful food to Muslims, 82;
and to the Copts, 501.
Blood-revenge, 94, 178.
Boatmen and boats of the Nile, 302.
Books, 190;
copying of, 191.
Booksellers, 190.
Boozeh, a kind of beer, 82, 307.
Bowwáb, 70, 121.
Bread, 122;
respect paid to it, 269;
of the seyyid El-Bedawee, 399, 429, 430, 431.
Bribery practised at the Kádee’s court, 101, 103, 104.
Bugs, 3, 140;
charm to exterminate them, 453.
Bunn, 125.
Burckhardt referred to, 148, 153, 156, 159, 264, 268, 405, 504.
Burdeh, 228, 475, 478.
Burhámeeyeh. _See_ Baráhimeh.
Burko’, 38, 39, 41;
of the door of the Kaabeh, 446.
Burnus, or burnoos, 289.
Buying and selling, 293.
Cadi. _See_ Kádee.
Caftan. _See_ Kuftán.
Cairo, or El-Káhireh, now called Masr, 4, 19, 21;
population of, 4, 19;
streets of, 4, 290, 517;
quarters of, 5, 113;
districts of, 113;
private houses of, 5;
the best school of Arabic literature, 188.
Calf, feats performed by a, 225.
Camel, its flesh lawful food to Muslims, 82;
and considered unlawful by the Copts, 501;
its hump a provision against hunger, 400;
litters, 402.
Canal of Cairo, opening of the, 457.
Cats, endowment for the support of, 266.
Ceilings, decorations of, 11.
Chant of the water-carrier, 297;
muëddin, 343;
a shá’er, 361;
men and boys at funerals, 476, 477.
Chanting of the Kur-án, specimen of the, 346;
darweeshes in zikrs, 411, 414.
Character of the Muslim Egyptians, 255;
Copts, 506;
Jews of Egypt, 515.
Charity of the Egyptians, 263.
Charms, 198, 203, 211, 226, 243, 399, 453, 530.
Cheerfulness of the Egyptians, 267.
Chemistry, 198.
Chibook, 122.
Chicken-ovens, 287.
Children, education and general treatment of, 42-47;
how long the mother may retain them under her care, 88;
of foreigners in Egypt seldom live to mature age, 143.
Christians prior to the time of Mohammad held by the Muslims to be true
believers, 54.
Circumcision of the Muslim Egyptians, 47, 153, 469;
a similar custom to, prevailing among them and the Copts, 48, 491;
of the Copts, 491, 495.
Cleanliness of the Egyptians, 270;
practices observed for the sake of, 24, 56.
Climate of Egypt, 2.
Coffee, 122, 125, 304;
disallowed by some Muslims, 82, 304;
when first introduced into Egypt, 304.
Coffee-cups. _See_ Fingán.
Coffee-shops, 305.
Commerce, 289.
Compliments, 182, 186.
Concubinage, laws respecting, 85, 86, 88.
Concubines. _See_ Slaves.
Conscription, 177.
Copts, their number, etc., 19, 489;
political state, 113, 501;
dress, 491;
language, 489, 495, 497;
education, 495;
religion, 491, 496;
patriarch, etc., 113, 492, 506;
churches and church-service, 497;
fasts, etc., 498;
domestic habits, 502;
marriages, 502;
character, 506;
occupations, 506;
funeral ceremonies, 507;
notices of their history under the Muslim domination, 507.
Cosmetics, 171, 467.
Cotton, 20.
Councils of administration, 100.
Courtesy and affability of the Egyptians, 187, 266.
Courts of judicature, 99, 101.
Cowries, virtue of, 230.
Cries of watchmen in Cairo, 108, 262;
the hawkers of vegetables, etc., 294;
beggars, 299;
the persons who announce the daily rise of the Nile, 454, 456, 462;
joy. _See_ Zagháreet;
lamentation. _See_ Welwel’eh.
Cupidity of the Egyptians, 282.
Customs not particularized in this Index, 24, 183, 184, 186, 203, 205,
216, 232.
Dabbeh, 15.
Dakhákhinee, 294.
Dakk, 34.
Dámeh, 315.
Dancing Girls. _See_ Gházeeyehs;
Men and Boys. _See_ Khäwal, and Gink.
Dár, 318.
Darabukkeh, 173, 334.
Darb el-mendel, 243, 247;
er-ramal, 243.
Darweeshes, 209, 210, 220-226, 396, 397, 408, 409;
whirling, 398;
barking, or howling, 420;
dancing. _See_ ’Eesáweeyeh.
Dawáyeh, 26, 190.
Day, Mohammadan, 200.
Days, fortunate and unfortunate, 441.
Dáyeh, 149.
Death, and funeral-rites, 473.
Debleh, 527.
Debloon, 535.
Debtors, law respecting, 92.
Decrees of God, 56, 259, 436.
Deen, 52.
Deenár, 93, 95.
Deewán, 10;
el-Khideewee, 99;
et-Tuggár, 100.
Delhem’eh, romance of, 381.
Dellál, 293.
Delláleh, 144, 174.
Demeereh, 301.
Demirdásheyeh darweeshes, 223.
Depilatories, 35, 314.
Dervises. _See_ Darweeshes.
Destoor, 162, 203.
Devil, and devils in general, 54, 202.
Diet, 122, 133, 171, 174.
Diffeeyeh, 27.
Dikkeh, 24, 69, 464.
Dilk, 208, 225.
Diodorus Siculus referred to, 20, 45, 113.
Diráas, 533.
Dirhem, 78, 93, 534.
Divan. _See_ Deewán.
Divorce, 85, 87;
effects of the facility of, 166.
Dogs, opinions and conduct of Muslims with regard to, 83, 263, 265;
eaten by some Muslims, 270.
Domestic life of Muslim Egyptians of the higher and middle orders
(men), 120;
of women of the same classes, 159;
of the lower orders, 174.
Doors of houses, etc., 5, 11.
Dóraks, 135.
Dóseh, 416, 432, 433, 434.
Dowry, 86, 87, 88, 145, 147, 157, 175.
Dreams, faith in, 194, 241.
Dress, of men, 24;
of females, 35;
new military (or Nizámee), 517.
Drinking-cups, 135, 136, 137.
Drunkenness, how punished, 96.
Duhr, 60.
Dukkah, 122, 175, 499.
Dukkán, 291.
Durah, 301, 302.
Durrah, for Darrah, 167.
Dust, excessive quantity of, 3.
Dysentery, when most prevalent, 2.
Eating, manner and etiquette of, 129.
Ebed, 62, 441.
Ebeeb, 200.
’Eddeh, 87.
Education of boys, 42, 48;
of females, 51;
higher branches of, 191.
’Eed (El-) el-Kebeer, 80, 451;
es-Sugheiyir, 80, 442.
’Eeds of the Copts, 449, 507.
Eemán, 52.
’Eesa. _See_ Jesus Christ.
’Eesáweeyeh darweeshes, 424.
Eezár, 39.
Efendee, 128.
’Efreets, 204, 207.
’Eggeh, 320.
’Egl El-’Azab, 225.
Egypt, its physical character, 1, 20;
its population, 19.
Egyptians. _See_ Muslim Egyptians, and Copts.
Ehrám, 80.
Eiyám en-Nesee, 200.
’Ekd, 525, 531.
Elijah, allusions to, 211.
Embroidery, 172.
Emeer (El-), el-Hágg, 403, 449;
el-Kebeer, anecdote of, 194.
’Enáneeyeh darweeshes, 221.
’Enebeh, 521.
Envious disposition of the Egyptians, 282.
Epileptic fits induced by religious excitement, 415.
’Eree, 26, 140.
’Erk-soos, 297.
’Erk-soosee, 297.
’Eshë, 60, 200.
Eswed, used to signify dark blue, 252.
Eunuchs, 121, 161.
Europeans in Egypt. _See_ Franks.
Evil eye, and modes of counteracting or preventing its effects, 46, 47,
132.
Eyes, modern and ancient modes of ornamenting, with kohl, 30, 31.
’Eyn, 321.
’Eysh bi-lahm, 434.
Faddah, 534.
Fakeers, 225.
Fákihánee, 294.
Falakah, 95.
Fánoos, 138.
Farageeyeh, 25.
Farce-players, 357.
Fard, 59, 84, 294.
Faroodeeyeh, 36.
Farrán, 294.
Faskeeyeh. _See_ Fountain.
Fasting, 56, 75, 79, 394.
_See_ Ramadán.
Fatátiree, 294.
Fateereh, 122.
Fát’hah, 50, _et passim_;
specimen of the mode in which it is chanted, 346.
Fatoor, 122.
Fawátim, costume of the, 28.
Fedáwees, 379.
Feddán, 118, 533.
Fegr, 60.
Felláhah, 22.
Fellahs, or Felláheen, 19, 22;
political condition, 114, 117;
domestic life and occupations, 174, 300.
Fesahah, or Fes-hah, 15, 139.
Festivals, two Grand (or Minor and Great), 59, 79;
periodical public, 391, 421, 451.
_See_ ’Eed.
Festivities, private, 463.
Fetteh, 451.
Fetwa, 102.
Fida, 80.
Fikee, 48, 146, 471.
Fingán, 125.
Firdeh, 119, 501.
Fire, eating of, 221, 426.
Firkilleh, 223.
Fish without scales generally unwholesome in Egypt, 83.
Fitr, 533.
Fleas excessively numerous in Egypt, 3, 140.
Flies extremely annoying in Egypt, 3, 140.
Flight, era of the. _See_ Higreh.
Fool mudemmes, 122;
nábit, 452.
Foot, the right, more honoured than the left, 187.
Foot-rasps, 310.
Footah, 130.
Fornication, law respecting, 95;
manner in which women guilty of this crime are sometimes punished,
107, 179.
Fortune-telling, 355.
Fountains in private houses, 9;
in baths, 308, 311;
public. _See_ Sebeels.
Fowwál, 294.
Franks in Egypt, 113, 255.
Frankincense. _See_ Libán.
Friday, the Sabbath of the Muslims, 59, 67.
_See_ Gum’ah.
Fruits of Egypt, 134.
Fukara. _See_ Fakeers.
Funeral. _See_ Death;
ceremonies after a, 339.
Furn, 17.
Furniture of a room, 10, 15;
of a peasant’s dwelling, 17.
Gád El-Mowla, sermon of, 73.
Gaház, 147.
Galen referred to, 48.
Gambling forbidden, 84.
Gáme’, 61, 67.
Games, 315;
of chance forbidden, 84.
Gánn Ibn-Gánn, 204.
_See_ Ginn.
Gáriyeh, 169.
Garmash’ak, 122.
Gebr el-Bahr, 458.
Gellábs, 170.
Gelleh, 175, 288.
Gemb, 183.
Generosity of the Egyptians, 282.
Genii. _See_ Ginn.
Geography, 201.
Geomancy, 243.
Gereed, game of the, 322.
Geydee. _See_ Keydee.
Gezzár, 294.
Ghada, 129.
Ghagar, or Ghajar, 356.
Gháïsh, 351.
Gháwázee. _See_ Gházeeyehs.
Gházee, 347.
Gházeeyehs, or Gháwázee, 158, 173, 347, 395, 463, 467.
Gheyt el-kuttah, 266.
Ghools, 207.
Ghosts, 207.
Ghubeyra, 452.
Ghung, 171.
Ghusl, 59.
Ghuweyshát, 532.
Ghuzz, 98.
Gibbeh, or Jubbeh, 25.
Gink, 352, 423.
Ginn, Gánn, Ginnees, or Genii, 54, 202, 242;
good, how they pay their alms, 393.
Ginyeh, 535.
Gipsies. _See_ Ghagar.
Gizyeh (or tribute), 501, 512.
Glass, eating of, 221, 427.
God, his absolute unity, 52;
virtues of the fifty-seven names of, 227.
Góhargee, 293.
Gold ornaments disapproved of by Mohammad, 26;
and silver utensils disallowed by many Muslims, 125.
Government of Egypt, 20, 98, 515.
Gózeh, 125.
Gratitude wanting in the Egyptian character, 269.
Grave, torment of the, 55, 483, 485.
_See_ Tomb.
Greeks in Egypt, their number, 19.
Guards, military, in Cairo, 99, 107.
Gumád el-Owwal, 199;
et-Tánee, 199.
Gum’ah (El-), or Friday, 67;
prayers of, 67, 71, 72.
Habarah, 38.
Habbák, 294.
Habbeh, 529.
Hadd, 96.
Hágg, Hájj, or Hájjee, 80, 120, 399.
Hággeh, 120, 128.
Hair, women’s, mode of dressing and ornamenting, 37.
Haláweh, 295.
Halak, 524, 530.
Hamah, 159.
Hambel’ees, 52, 106.
Hamdu li-lláh (El-), 135.
Hammám, 307.
Hanafees, 52, 56, 106.
Hanafeeyeh, 57, 311.
Hand, right, honoured above the left, 187;
left, used for unclean purposes, 134, 187.
Harág, or Haráj, 293.
Harárah, 310.
Harem. _See_ Hareem.
Hareem, 9, 12, 16, 120, 159;
persons admissible into the apartments of the, 160, 162;
customs observed by men on approaching the hareems of others, 162;
generally necessary to qualify a man to be a tenant of a private
house in Cairo, 17, 142.
_See_ also Wives and Women.
Hâris, 313.
Hasa, 315.
Hasan El-’Attár, the sheykh, 196.
Hasaneyn (El-), mosque of, 217, 218, 395, 421, 429.
_See_ Moolid.
Hasheesh, 125, 305, 379.
Hashreeyeh, 477.
Hashshásh, 306.
Hasweh, 315.
Hatching of eggs in ovens, 287.
Hátoor, 200.
Háwees, 353.
Head, woman’s, the upper and back part of it most carefully veiled, 42;
man’s and boy’s, generally shaven, 24, 44.
Hefnáweeyeh darweeshes, 223.
Hegábs, 227, 529.
Hegira. _See_ Higreh.
Hekr, 266.
Hemalees, 296.
Heml of the barber, 47;
kanádeel, 148;
musattah. _See_ Musattah.
Hemp used to induce intoxication, 125, 305;
when first used for this purpose in Egypt, 305.
Heneeän, 132.
Henna, 32, 152, 446, 448, 503.
Herám, 80, 289.
Herodotus referred to, 23, 82, 135 (twice), 180, 478, 488, 492.
Heykel, 497.
Hezám, 445.
Hezbs, 224, 479.
Higreh, or Hijrah, era of the, 199.
Hilál, 522.
Hiláleeyeh, 361.
Hilbeh, 467.
Hoboob, 394.
Hods, 48.
Hogget el-bahr.
Homár ’álee, or —— mughattee, 173.
Hommus, 122.
Hooreeyehs, 55.
Horses, how equipped for riding, 127.
Hoseyn (El-), place of his head, 194.
_See_ Moolid, and ’A’shoora.
Hósh, 8.
Hospitality of the Egyptians, 267.
Houris. _See_ Hooreeyehs.
Hours, Mohammadan, 200.
Houses of Cairo, 417;
of the peasantry, 417.
Howáh. _See_ Háwees.
Hulaleeyeh, 41.
Huroobeh, 158.
Ibn el-beled, or Ibn-Masr, 22;
Hambal, his scrupulosity, 260.
Ibráheem, the patriarch Abraham, 76;
Básha, anecdote of, 501;
the eyyids, Ed-Dasookee, his moolids, 220.
Ibreek, 130, 296.
Idiots, respect paid to, 208.
Idolaters, law respecting, 81.
Ikámeh, 65, 78.
’Ilm en-nugoom, 243;
er-rukkeh, 235.
_See_ Astrology.
’Ilwáneeyeh darweeshes, 221.
’Ilwee, 242.
Images of things that have life forbidden, 84.
Imáms, 70, 84, 192.
Imsák, 439, 442.
Indolence of the Egyptians, 273.
Industry, 285.
Infancy, 42.
Inheritance, laws of, 90.
Ink, 190. _See_ Dawáyeh.
Innovations, late, in Egypt, 515.
Inquisitiveness of the Egyptians, 187.
Inscriptions on doors, etc., 5, 15, 232, 233.
Insha, 196.
Intrigues of Egyptian women, 275.
Irrigation, 300.
Irritable disposition of the Egyptians, 284.
Ishárah, 409, 422.
Islám (El-), 52.
Ism el-Aazam (El-), 243.
Isma’eel, or Ishmael, according to the Muslims, the son whom Ibráheem,
or Abraham, designed to sacrifice, 80.
Isráfeel, 55.
Istikhárah, 240.
Jesus Christ, opinions of the Muslims respecting, 53.
Jews of Egypt, their number, etc., 19, 512;
political state of, 113, 512;
domestic life of, 514;
character and occupations of, 515.
Jocular disposition of the Egyptians, 285.
Jubbeh. _See_ Gibbeh.
Jugglers, 355.
Juvenal referred to, 348.
Kaabeh, 80, 444. _See_ Kisweh.
Ká’ah, 12.
Kabdah, 533.
Kádee of Cairo, 101;
court of the, 101;
and bribery practised there, 102, 103.
Kádees in general, 106, 192.
Kádireeyeh darweeshes, or Kádirees, 222, 446.
Káf, mountains of, 201, 202.
Kafal-wood, 135.
Kaffárah, 485.
Kaftán. _See_ Kuftán.
Kahk, 438.
Kahweh, 125, 304, 305.
Kahweg’ee, 305.
Káïm, 408.
Káïm-makám, 114.
Kalás’weh, 494.
Kamarah, 522.
Kamareeyeh, 14.
Kamhah, 533.
Kandeel, 138.
Kánoon, 326, 328.
Kantár, 534.
Kara-gyooz, 359.
Kara-kól, and kárakón, 99.
Kara kooseh, 133.
Karámeh, 210.
Karrás, 190.
Kás, 334.
Kasabah, 533.
Kaseedeh, 156, 197, 412.
Kasees, 493.
Káshif, 114.
Kat’ah bi-khamseh, etc., 534.
Kawárë, 378.
Káwurmeh, 133.
Kebáb, 133, 294.
Keemiya (El-), 243.
Keerát, 92, 533, 534.
Kees, 535; el-hammám, 312.
Keeyem, and Keiyim, 152, 355.
Kefen, 475.
Kelb, 318, 320.
Kemengeh, 326.
Ketb el-kitáb, 146.
Ketkhud’a. _See_ Kikhya.
Keydee, 301.
Keyf, 303.
Keytán, 528.
Khalboos, 464.
Khaleefeh, 28.
Khaleeg, 457. _See_ Canal.
Khaleel El-Medábighee, anecdote of, 204.
Khaltah, 452.
Khalwet’ee, 224.
Khamáseen, 2, 452, 500;
winds, 2.
Khamees el-’Ahd, 552.
Khát’beh, 143.
Khateeb, 70.
Khátim, 25, 527;
Suleymán, 148.
Khatmeh, 113, 148, 217, 258, 427, 444, 464, 475, 488.
Khawágeh, 128.
Khäwals, 158, 351, 467.
Khazneh, 15, 139, 535.
Kheiyát, 293.
Kheyreeyeh, 535.
Khidr (El-), 211.
Khilweh, 314.
Khiyár, 133.
Khizám, 530.
Khoos, 218.
Khudaree, 293.
Khuff, 39.
Khulkhál, 529, 532.
Khurdagee, 293.
Khusháf, 134.
Khutbeh on Mount ’Arafát, 80;
of marriage, 174.
Khutbet el-waaz, 73;
en-naat, 75;
es-Siráfeh, 470.
Khutt, 439.
Khuzam, 530.
Kibleeyeh, 198.
Kibleh, 63, 198.
Kibt, 489.
Kikhya, 99.
Kiládeh, 527.
Kirbeh, 295.
Kirsh, 535.
Kishk, 452, 467.
Kisweh of the Kaabeh, 444;
procession of the, 445;
pieces of the, used as charms, 234.
Kiyahk and Kiyák, 200.
Kohl, 30, 403, 452, 491.
Kubbeh, 195;
wa-t-teyr (El-), 503.
Kubt, 489.
Kuftán, or Kaftán, 24.
Kullehs for water, 135;
for sherbet, 137.
Kulluk, 99.
Kumedyeh, 206.
Kumkum, 150, 184.
Kummetrë, 528.
Kummus, 493.
Kunáfeh, 134.
Kur-án, quoted, _passim_;
printed translations, etc., of the, 53, 234;
taught at schools, 48, 49;
recitation or chanting of the, 63, 155, 258, 434, 475, 478, 485;
specimen of the mode of chanting the, 346;
petition offered up before reciting the, 63, 64 (note);
the chief foundation of the laws, 84;
respect paid to the, 261;
sometimes quoted in jest, 258;
the whole and portions of it used as charms, 227, 233.
Kurbág, 95, 289.
Kureydátee, 357.
Kurs, 37, 519.
Kursee, 130;
el-wiládeh, 466.
Kussah, 521.
Kutb, 210.
Kuttáb, 48.
Kuweysinee (the Sheykh El-), 193, 195.
Labolanum, 172.
Lamps, 138, 149.
Language of the Modern Egyptians, 19, 188.
Lanterns, 138, 149.
Lattice-work of windows, 7.
Laws, 56, 84.
Láwingee, 310.
Leab el-kumár, 315.
Learned men in Egypt, 196.
Learning, decline of, 188, 198, 197;
respect paid to, 198.
Leef, 313, 403.
Leewán, 17, 110.
Leewángee. _See_ Láwingee.
Legacies, law respecting, 90, 91.
Leylet ed-Dukhleh, 147, 153;
el-Henna, 152;
el-Mearág. _See_ Mearág;
en-Nusf min Shaabán, 435;
er-Roo-yeh, 436;
el-Kadr, 442;
en-Nuktah, 453;
es-Saratán, 453;
el-Wahsheh, 485;
el-Wahdeh, 485;
el-Gheetás, 499.
Leymoonáteh, 137.
Leyseeyeh darweeshes, 223.
Libábeh, 467.
Libán, or frankincense, 30, 172, 403;
Shámee, 35.
Libás, 24.
Libbeh, 525.
Libraries, 190.
Lice, 3, 139, 427.
Litám or Lithám, 388.
Literature, 189, 197.
Lock, wooden, 15.
Lodging-houses, 16.
Love of the Egyptians for their country, 272.
Lunatics, 208.
Lute, 330.
Maagoon and Maagungee, 307.
Maamal el-firákh or Maamal el-farroog, 287.
Mád’neh or menaret, 60.
Maghrib, 60.
Maghsil es-Sultán, 237.
Maghtas, 311.
Magic and Magicians, 226, 242, 244.
Magnetic compasses, 198.
Mahdee (the sheykh El-), Muftee of Cairo, 103, 105.
Mahkem’eh, the Great, 101.
Mahkem’ehs, minor, 106.
Mahmal, or Mahmil, 403, 404, 447;
return of the, 403;
grand procession of the, 448.
Mahr, 145.
Mahrookee, the seyyid Mohammad, 103.
Mahshee, 133.
Mahshesh’eh, 307.
Mahzam, 310.
Mak’ad, 11.
Makhba, 16, 282.
Makra, 422.
Makra’′ah, 320.
Makreezee (El-), cited, 458, 496, 507.
Maksoorah, 71, 217.
Malakah, 533.
Málikees, 52, 106.
Malkaf, 15.
M’allim, 128, 308, 506.
M’allim’eh, 51.
Ma-moor, 114.
Mandar’ah, 9.
Mankal, 127.
Mankal’ah, game of the, 315.
Manufactures, 286.
Márid, 204.
Máristán, 278.
Markaz, 211.
Markets of Cairo, 110. _See_ Sooks.
Marriage, laws respecting, 84, 141, 164;
duty of, 141;
when contracted, 143;
how conducted in the case of a virgin, 143;
among the lower orders, 151, 157, 158;
of widows and divorced women, 157;
ceremonies and festivities after, 158, 466.
Martial referred to, 348.
Martyrs, 54.
Má-sháa-lláh, 229.
Másh’tah, 314.
Másoorah, 529.
Masr. _See_ Cairo.
Masree and Masreeyeh, 22.
Mastab’ah, 8, 291, 305, 310.
Mastic, 126, 135.
Mathematics, 198.
Matrán, 493.
Meals, 121, 129, 138.
Mearág, festival of the, 431.
Measures, 532.
Meats, lawful and unlawful, 82;
scrupulosity of Muslims respecting, 270.
Mecca. _See_ Mekkeh.
Meded, 414.
Medicine, 198.
Meglis, 411;
el-Meshwar’ah, 100;
el-Gihádeeyeh, 100.
Megzoob, 209.
Mehráb, 69.
Mekkeh and Mount ’Arafát, the objects of pilgrimage, 79.
Melboos, 415.
Melekees or Melekeeyeh, 491.
Memlooks, 19, 98, 121, 143, 155.
Memrak, 14.
Mendacity of the Egyptians, 283.
Menseg, 172.
Menwar, 409.
Mesh’al, 154.
Mesh-hed of El-Hoseyn. _See_ Hasaneyn.
Meshrebeeyeh, 8.
Meslakh, 308.
Mesloob, 209.
Mey’ah mubárakah, 231, 392.
Meydaäh, 56.
Meyyedee, or Meiyedee, 534.
Mezz, mezd, or mest, 37.
Mibkhar’ah, 135, 150, 184.
Mikattah, 190.
Miláyeh, 27, 40.
Mimbar, 69.
Mina (vulgò Muna), 80.
Ministers of Mosques, 70.
Miracles of saints and darweeshes, 210, 219, 220, 221, 416, 426, 428,
432, 447, 479;
of prophets, 209;
of Mohammad, 215.
Mirwed, 30.
Misht, 524.
Misned’eh, 190.
Misra, 200.
Mistar’ah, 190.
Miswák, 57, 403.
Mitkál, or Mithkál, 78, 534.
Mizágee, 519.
Moagiz’eh, 210.
Mohabbazeen, 357.
Mohaddits, 367.
Mohallil. _See_ Mustahall.
Mohammad, called by the Muslims “God’s Apostle,” and “the Prophet,”
etc., 53;
respect paid to, 53, 98, 259;
regarded and invoked as an intercessor, 78, 259;
appears to Muslims in their sleep, 194, 195;
his miracles, 215;
respect paid to his tomb, 216, 259;
virtues of his 99 names, 228;
virtues of the names of his relics, 228;
virtues of dust from his tomb, 234;
evils counteracted by blessing him, 229, 241;
sworn by, and imitated in trivial matters, 259;
his illiteracy, 436.
Mohammad ’Alee (present Básha of Egypt), his character, policy, etc.,
21, 97, 98, 99, 117, 202, 515;
his revenue, 117.
Mohammad Bey, Deftardár, anecdote of, 115.
Mohammad El-Baháee, anecdote of, 194.
Mohammad Shiháb, the sheykh, 197.
Moharram, 146, 198, 231, 392.
Mohtes’ib, 110;
anecdotes of a, 111.
Money, its value in Cairo, 290, 535.
Moneys of Egypt, 534.
Months, Mohammadan, 198;
Coptic, 199;
sacred, 73.
Moolids of saints, 219.
Moolid of the seyyid Ahmad El-Bedawee, 220;
Ibráheem Ed-Dasookee, 220;
en-Nebee (the Prophet’s Moolid), 408;
of the Sheykh Darweesh El-’Ashmáwee, 410;
El-Hasaneyn, 421, 429;
Es-Sáleh, 428;
of the seyyideh Zeyneb, 430;
of the Imám Esh-Sháfe’ee, 434.
Mooskee, 99.
Mósim el-Khaleeg, 459.
Mosques, 67, 70, 119, 191, 396;
eating, sleeping, etc., allowed in them, excepting at the times of
prayer, 70;
not entered by persons with their shoes on, 71;
ministers and inferior servants of, 70;
thefts committed in, 424.
Mourning, 487.
Móyet zahr, 296.
Muballigh, 72, 112.
Mudám, 137.
Mudnát, 150.
Muëddin, 60, 70.
Mufattak’ah, 467.
Muftee (supreme) of Cairo, 101, 103;
an honest, 106.
Muftees in general, 192.
Mugáwireen, or Mugáwirs, 191.
Mughassil, 475.
Mukeyyisátee, 311.
Mukhallafát en-Nebee, 228.
Muk-hul’ah, 30.
Mukleh, 28, 193.
Mulakkin, 484.
Mumezzezeh, 443.
Munádee en-Neel, 454, 456, 462.
Munkar and Nekeer, 56, 484.
Munshids at zikrs, 410.
Murábit, 209.
Murakkee, 72.
Murder, law respecting, 93.
Mureed, 223.
Muristán, 278.
Musáfir, 267.
Musahhir, his cry, etc., 439, 440, 442.
Musáre’, 322.
Musattah, 402.
Musellikátee, 298.
Mus-haf, 227.
Music, 323. _See_ Chant.
Musical Instruments, 326.
Musicians, 325.
_See_ A’látees.
Muslim, 319.
Muslim Egyptians, their number, origin, and personal characteristics,
19, 21, 22, 29.
For other particulars respecting them, see the Tables of Contents, or
the words, “Dress,” “Infancy,” “Education,” etc., in this Index.
Musquitoes, 3.
Musquito-curtain, 139.
Mustaches, 23.
Mustahall, or Mustahill, 165.
Mustaf’a, a name of the Arabian Prophet, 387;
Káshif, anecdotes of, 111.
Mutawellee (El-), 211.
Muwatwat’ah, 35.
Muweshshah, 155, 412, 469.
Nabk, 475, 480.
Nahhás, 293.
Náïb of the Kádee, 101.
Nakeeb, 210, 472;
el-Ashráf, 106, 221.
Nákir. _See_ Munkar.
Nakkárah, 333.
Nakshibendeeyeh darweeshes, 223.
Naming of children, 42.
Námooseeyeh, 139.
Nárgeeleh, 125.
Náring, 296.
Nasára and Nasránee, 319.
Náshizeh, 88, 157.
Náy, 224, 331.
Názir, 70, 114.
Nebboot, 321.
Nebeed, or Nebeedh, 82, 137.
Neddábeh, 474.
Nedr, 219.
Nefeeseh, the seyyiddeh, tomb of, 217.
Negeeb, 210.
Negefeh, 409.
Newspaper, Egyptian, 516.
Nezleh, feast of the, 403.
Nezlet el-Hágg, 399.
Nifás, 468.
Nile, 1;
its rise, 1, 453;
its fall, 1;
its fertilizing effect, 2;
rise of its bed, 1, 18;
navigation of the, 302.
Nizám troops, 99, 517.
Noorah, 314.
Nórooz, 462.
Nubians, 19, 140, 489, 492.
Nukalee, 294.
Nukl, 438.
Nukoot or largess, 152, 156, 158, 464, 468, 472.
Nuss, or nuss-faddah, 534.
Oath in law courts, 102;
various forms of, 256, 283.
Obstinacy of the Egyptians, 273.
’Okoos, 532.;
Omens. _See_ Auguration.
’Ood (or pipe), 122;
(or lute), 330;
es-saleeb, 524.
Oola, 61, 441.
Ophthalmia, 2, 3, 139;
charms for the cure of, 236.
Opium, use of, 82, 306.
’Orbán, 22.
Ornaments, female, 519.
’Osmánlees, or Turks, their number in Egypt, 19.
Owlád-Masr, or Owlád-el-beled, 22;
’Enán, darweeshes so called, 221;
’Ilwán, darweeshes so called, 221, 447;
Nooh, darweeshes so called, 223.
’Oyoon, 40.
Painters and sculptors of living beings, their future punishment, 84.
Paintings on the walls of rooms, etc., 14, 286.
Palm-trees, tax on, 117, 119.
Panel-work, 11.
Paradise. _See_ Genneh.
Párah, 534.
Parents, respect to, 45, 272.
Pavements, ornamental, 9.
Peasantry. _See_ Felláhs.
Perfumes, 126, 171, 184.
Piaster of Egypt, 535.
Pictures of living beings forbidden, 34.
Pigeon-houses, 17.
Piláv, 134.
Pilgrimage of the Muslims, 56, 79;
Copts, 501.
Pilgrims, return of the, 399;
mode of ornamenting the doors of their houses, 403;
Turkish, their arrival in Egypt, on their way to Mekkeh, 430;
procession of their officers and escort, with the Mahmal, departing
for Mekkeh, 448;
their journey, 450.
Pipe, 26, 122;
different names and kinds of, 122.
Plague, 171;
its ravages in 1835, 3, 4.
Police of Cairo, 107.
Pollution, scrupulosity of the Egyptians respecting, 270, 473.
Polygamy, 84, 121, 163, 165;
influence of, 84;
limited by Mohammad, 85.
Population of Egypt, its present amount, 18;
in ancient times, 19;
late decrease of, 18.
Population of Cairo, 4, 19.
Pottery employed in the construction of pigeon-houses, 17.
Prayer of Muslims, 56, 59, 108, 121, 138, 139, 299;
times of, 60, 200;
calls to, 60, 343;
postures and form of, 63;
of the night of the Middle of Shaabán, 435;
over the dead, 481.
Prayers of Friday, 67, 71, 72;
the marriage night, 154, 156;
at the tombs of saints, 217, 398;
of Ramádan, 439;
of the two grand festivals, 442, 451;
on other occasions, 78.
Prayer-carpet. _See_ Seggádeh.
Predestination, 56, 436;
its influence upon the character of the Muslims, 266.
Presents given on occasions of private festivities, etc., 148, 152,
156, 158, 185, 464, 468, 472;
by servants, 186, 443;
to servants, 140, 185, 443, 451.
Prices of articles of food, etc., in Cairo, 290.
Printing, scruples of the Muslims respecting, 260.
Printing Office at Boolák, 201, 516.
Professors. _See_ Azhar.
Prophets and apostles, 53.
Prostitutes. _See_ Gházeeyehs, 107.
Psylli, 352.
Punishments for various offences, 99;
of dishonest tradesmen, 11;
_See_ “Laws,” “Adultery,” “Fornication,” and “Apostasy.”
Puppets, 359.
Purifications. _See_ “Wudoo,” “Tayemmum,” and “Ghusl.”
Purse, sum of money so called, 103, 535.
Quarters of Cairo, 5, 113.
Quatremère, referred to, 495, 507.
Raaráa, Eiyoob, 452.
Raba, 17.
Rabáb, 332.
Rabeea el-Owwal; et-Tánee, 199.
Rabtah, 37, 519.
Ráhib, 494.
Rahmánee, 242.
Ramadán, 79, 206, 436.
Rasools of the Kádee, 101.
Ratl, 534.
Ráyeh, 455.
Reciters of Romances, 333, 359, 367-380.
Reesheh, 522.
Reffa, 294.
Regeb, 199.
Regm, 205.
Rei (water-skins), 295;
lands, 301.
Rek’ah, 63.
Reland referred to, 48, 56, 59.
Religion of the Muslims, 52;
present state of the, 262.
Religious education of the Muslim Egyptians, 48, 51;
character of the same, 255.
Remedies for diseases, etc., charms used as, 233, 399.
Retaliation for wounds and mutilations, 94.
Revelations, successive, 53.
Rifá’eeyeh darweeshes, or Rifá’ees, 221, 352, 447.
Rikk, 331.
Riwáks. _See_ Azhar.
Riyál, sum of money so called, 535;
Faránsa, 535.
Rope dancers, 356.
Rosary. _See_ Sebhah.
Róshan, 6.
Ruba, 533;
Fenduklee, 528.
Ruzz mufelfel, 134.
Saad and Harám, 178.
Saadeeyeh darweeshes, or Saadees, 220, 222, 352, 416, 419, 450;
(a coin), 535.
Sabáheeyeh, 158.
Sabbágh, 294.
Sabbath of the Muslims. _See_ Friday, and Gum’ah.
Sacrifice performed by the pilgrims, 80;
performed by others on the same day, 80, 81, 451;
at the tombs of saints, 44, 219;
on the burial of the dead, 479, 485;
at a Coptic marriage, 504;
by the Copts at the tombs of their relations, 507.
Sacy, De, 83, 188, 304, 306, 379.
Sadakah, 78.
Sadr, 183.
Sa’eed, 52.
Safa, 37, 528.
Safar, 198.
Ságát, 334.
Sáheb seggádeh, 221.
Sahhár, 246.
Sahlab, 298.
Sahoor, 439, 440.
Sáïgh, 293.
Saints, Muslim, 208, 432, 433;
respect paid to, 98, 208, 216;
regarded and invoked as intercessors, 78, 217;
tombs and cenotaphs of, 216, 220;
the visits to these, 217;
the prayers, sacrifices, votive offerings, and other ceremonies
performed on such visits, 44, 217, 296, 398.
_See_ also Moolids, and Miracles.
Sáïs, 121, 140.
Sakkas, 121, 295.
Sakka sharbeh, 295;
el-’ashr, 393.
Sakeefeh, 517.
Sákiyeh, 301, 524.
Salah, 59, 155.
_See_ Prayer.
Sale referred to, or quoted, 53, 69, 91, 95, 442;
his translation of the Kur-án, 53.
Saleeb, festival of the, 462.
Salk, 157.
Saltah, 36.
Salubrity of Egypt, 2.
Salutations, 179.
Samoom, 2.
Sáneeyeh. _See_ Seeneeyeh.
Santeer, 332.
Sáree, 408.
Sarráf, 515.
Sarrág báshee, 461.
Satreng, 315.
Schools of the Muslims, 48, 119;
Copts, 495;
for needle-work, 51.
Schoolmasters, 49, 56, 192.
Sciences, 191.
Scorpions, feats performed with, 222, 419.
Scripture, references to the following texts of:—
Gen. xvi. 4, 167;
xxiii. 11, 293;
xxiv., 143;
_ibid._ 47, 531;
_ibid._ 65, 39;
xxix. 26, 144;
_ibid._ 27, 466;
xli. 42, 26;
l. 3, 488.
Exod. i. 16, 466;
iii. 5, 10;
xxii. 26 and 27, 141;
xxxix. 30, 26.
Lev. xi. 9-12, 83;
_ibid._ 22, 172;
xii. 2-5, 468;
xix. 32, 272;
xx. 10, 95;
_ibid._ 13-15, 96.
Num. xi. 5, 174.
Deut. xix. 15, 102;
xxi. 17, 90;
xxiv. 1, 87.
Josh. v. 15, 10.
Judg. xiv. 12, 466.
Ruth ii. 14, 133.
2 Sam. x. 4, 23.
1 Kings xviii. 12, 212.
2 Kings ii. 9-16, 212;
ix. 30, 31;
xvii. 4-6, 212.
2 Chron. xxxv. 25, 474.
Ps. lviii. 4 and 5, 352.
Eccles. x. 11, 352.
S. Song, _passim_, 412.
Isa. iii. 16, 529, 532;
_ibid._ 21, 531;
_ibid._ 23, 39;
xlix. 22, 44.
Jer. viii. 17, 352;
ix. 17, 474;
xxii. 14, 11;
xxxvii. 21, 291.
Ezek. ix. 2, 3, and 11, 26;
xvi. 12, 531;
xxiii. 40, 31.
Matt. ix. 23, 474;
xiv. 6 and 7, 349;
xxiii. 29, 220;
xxvi. 23, 133.
Mark vi. 22 and 23, 349;
vii. 3, 130.
John iii. 33, 26;
vii. 15, 436;
viii. 4 and 5, 95;
xiii. 26, 133.
Acts xv. 20 and 29, 501.
1 Cor. xi. 10, 39.
Eph. v. 19, 465.
Rev., _passim_, 55.
Scriptures, Jewish and Christian, held, by the Muslims, to be almost
totally corrupted, 54.
Sculptors. _See_ Painters.
Seal-rings, 26.
Sebeels, or public fountains, 48, 119, 263.
Sebhah, 67, 403;
ceremony of the, 486.
Sebleh, 37.
Sebt en-Noor, 452, 500.
Sects of Muslims, four great, 52, 106.
Seega, 318, 320.
Seemiya, 242, 243.
Seeneeyeh, or sáneeyeh, 130.
Seeret Aboo-Zeyd, etc. _See_ Aboo-Zeyd, Ez-Záhir, ’Antar, and
Delhem’eh.
Seewán, 408.
Seggádeh, 59, 127, 173, 221, 289.
Sehr, 243.
Sekeeneh, the seyyideh, 217.
Selám to the Prophet, 71, 72, 441.
Selámát, 181.
Sensuality of the Egyptians, 274.
Sermon in a mosque, 73.
Serpents, eating of, 220, 222, 419.
Serpent-charmers, 222, 352.
Servants, 23, 113, 121, 140, 182, 183, 443;
female, 170.
Seven Sleepers, virtues of the names of the, 228.
Seyf Zu-l-Yezen, romance of, 381.
Seyfee, 301.
Seyrefee, 245.
Seyyib, 146.
Seyyid, or Seyd, 120;
Ahmad El-Bedawee. _See_ Ahmad; and for other seyyids, see their
proper names.
Seyyideh Zeyneb. _See_ Zeyneb; and for other seyyidehs, see their
proper names.
Seyyidna, 53.
Shaaban, 199;
Leylet en-Nusf min, 435.
Shaaráweeyeh darweeshes, 222.
Shádoof, 300.
Sha’eer, 525.
Sha’eereeyeh, 358.
Shá’ers, 333, 360.
Sháfe’ee, the Imam Esh-, his tomb, 217, 218;
his Moolid, 434.
Sháfe’ees, 52, 106.
Sháhad, use of this word, 272.
Sháh-bandar, 100.
Shahháteh, 237.
Sháhids of the Kádee’s court, 102;
of biers, and of tombs, 480, 484.
Sháleesh, 433.
Shara Allah, 164.
Sharákee, 301.
Sharbát, 137.
Sharbetlee, 294, 297.
Sháteh, 521.
Shaving the head, etc., 23, 44.
Shawáteh, 521.
Sháweesh, el-Hágg, 399.
Sházilees, 224.
Shealeg’ee, and Shealeh, 108.
Shedd el-weled, 473.
Sheddeh benád’kah, 530.
Sheeh, 231.
Sheehah, 380.
Sheera, 306.
Sheesheh, 124.
Shemm en-Neseem, 452, 453.
Shemmás, 494.
Shems el-Kebeereh (Esh-), 220.
Sherbet, 137;
cups, or kullehs, 137, 297.
Shereefs, 25, 120, 128, 221.
Sheykh, 29, 48, 120, 128, 209;
former and present condition of a literary, 193;
of each of the four great sects, 106;
el-Hárah, 113;
et-Tumn, 113;
of a trade or manufacture, 113;
of servants, 113;
of thieves, 113;
el-Beled, 114;
el-Bekree, 221;
es-Sádát, 221;
of darweeshes, 221, 223.
Sheytánee, 242.
Shibr, 533.
Shibreeyeh, 402.
Shibuk, 122.
Shibukshee, 294.
Shiftish’eh, 509.
Shiháb, 204.
Shinnáweeyeh darweeshes, 222.
Shintiyán, 35.
Shitawee, 301.
Shiya’ees, 52.
Shóbash, 464.
Shoes taken off before entering a mosque, or stepping on a mat or
carpet, etc., 10, 71, 292.
Shoosheh, 24.
Shops, 290, 291, 517.
Showwál, 199.
Shureyk, 443.
Sidr, 435, 475.
Silk clothing forbidden to men, 24.
Silver. _See_ Gold.
Siráfeh, 469.
Sirát (Es-), 54.
Sitt, 120.
Slaughtering of animals for food, how performed, 83.
Slaves, 19, 85, 88, 121, 141, 160, 161, 168, 177;
emancipation of, 89, 169;
rights of, 89, 170.
_See_ Memlooks.
Slave-traders. _See_ Gellábs.
Sleeping, 139.
Smoking, 121, 123, 171, 175.
Sneezing, custom observed on, 186.
Social usages, 179.
Soil of Egypt, 286, 300;
produce of the, 20, 301;
insufficient cultivation of the, 19, 20.
Sóms, or fasts, of the Copts, 499.
Songs, 257, 336;
at zikrs, 411.
Soobiya, 298.
Sooks, 291, 293, 517.
Soul, state of the, between death and the judgment, 485, 486.
Star, falling or shooting, superstition respecting, 204.
Strabo referred to, 48.
Strangled animals, their flesh unlawful as food to the Muslims, 82;
and to the Copts, 501.
Streets of Cairo, 4, 291, 517.
Students. _See_ Azhar.
Subh, 60.
Subooa after a birth, 362, 466, 467;
after a marriage, 466;
after return from pilgrimage, 403.
Sudeyree, 24.
Suffeh, 10.
Suflee, 242.
Sufrah, 130.
Suleymán, preadamite kings so named, 204;
A’gha, Silahdár, anecdote of, 114.
Sultán, a title given to some eminent saints, 399.
Sunnees, 52.
Sunneh, 60, 84.
Superstitions, 194, 202, 226, 453, 467, 471.
Surgery, 198.
Surnames, 43, 115.
Swearing by God, the Prophet, etc., 23, 37, 102, 256, 283.
Swine’s flesh forbidden to the Muslim, 82;
not eaten by the Copts, 501.
Sword used by the Khateeb on Friday, and why, 72, 73.
Syrians in Egypt, their number, 19.
Táb, game of, 317.
Tabbákh, 94.
Tabls, 333.
Tablat el-musahhir, 440.
Táboot, 216, 301.
Tafaddal, 131.
Tágir, 293.
Tá-Há, a name of the Arabian Prophet, 387.
Tákeeyeh, 25.
Takhtabósh, 11.
Takht’rawán, 402.
Talák reg’ee, 87.
Talkeen of the dead, 484.
Tamboor, 332.
Tár, 173, 334, 474.
Taráweeh prayers, 439.
Tarboosh, 25, 289.
Tareekah, 209.
Tarhah, 37, 39.
Tarkeebeh, 216, 484.
Tarskháneh, 100.
Tartoor, 223.
Tattooing, 24, 33, 491.
Táwulah, 315.
Taxes, 117, 119, 501.
Tayemmum, 59.
Tebweez, 316.
Teeb. _See_ Táb.
Teen meblool, 297.
Teiyibeen, 181, 183.
Tekbeer, 63, 482.
Tekleel, 504.
Tekyees, 301.
Temperance of the Egyptians, 269.
Temperature of the climate of Egypt, 2.
Tesbeel, 297.
Testimony. _See_ Witnesses.
Teymeeneh, 181.
Tezyeereh, 37.
Theatrical performances in London, described by an Algerine, 206.
_See_ Farce-players.
Theft, laws respecting, 94.
Thieves, 113.
Thousand and One Nights referred to, 109, 136, 203, 275, 303, 413;
recitations of the, 381.
Tikkeh. _See_ Dikkeh.
Tirmis, 94.
Tób, 37, 41.
Tobacco, 124, 175, 303;
disallowed by some Muslims, 82, 98;
when first introduced into the East, 303.
Tók, 531.
Tombs, 162, 443, 451, 483, 488.
Toobeh, 200.
Toot, 199.
Tooth-ache prevalent in Egypt, 23.
Trades, 293;
sheykhs of, 113;
customs on admission into, 472.
Tradesmen, 138, 292.
Traditions of the Prophet, 84.
Treasure, custom of hiding, 16, 282.
Tribes of Egyptian peasantry, 22, 178.
Tufeylees, 268.
Tukeyseh, 335.
Tumbák, 124.
Turban, 25, 28, 29;
different colours of, distinguishing different classes, 28, 491, 493,
509, 510, 512;
green, when first assumed by shereefs as distinctive of their race,
28;
black and blue, when first worn by Christians, 509;
of the ’Ulama, 28;
much respected, 28;
ladies’, 37.
Tureiya, 148.
Turks. _See_ ’Osmánlees.
Tyranny of officers of the government, 111, 112, 114, 115.
Ukeeyeh, 534.
Ukkah, 534.
’Ulama, 28, 106, 192, 196;
bribed in law proceedings, 104.
Unbelievers, Muslims ordered to wage war with, 81, 255;
Muslims in Egypt often taught to hate, 48, 255, 536;
general conduct of Muslims to, 99, 255.
Urquhart, Mr., referred to, 45, 81, 95, 140.
Uskuf, 493.
Usury forbidden, 84.
Veil, head-, 37, 39;
face, 37, 39, 159;
antiquity of the, 39;
importance and obligation of the, 42, 44, 160;
men in whose presence it is not required, 86, 160, 161, 162.
Vermin, 3, 140.
Villages, 18.
Visits, 182, 443, 451;
of women, 172, 173.
Wahhábees, or Wahabees, 97.
Wakf, 119.
Wálee, 107.
Wa-llah, or wa-lláhi, 256.
War against unbelievers, 81, 259.
Warak mahshee, 133.
Washing before and after meals, 130, 135;
clothes, 272.
Watchmen in Cairo, 108, 262.
Water of the Nile, 1, 135;
gratuitous distribution of, 297;
-bottles, 135;
-carriers. _See_ Sakkas.
Watwát, 35.
Wefa en-Neel, or Wefa el-Bahr, 455, 458.
Weights, 533.
Wekálehs, 17, 290.
Wekeel, 86, 145.
Welees, 63, 194, 209, 243, 479.
Weleeds, 55.
Welwel’eh, 474.
Weybeh, 533.
Wilád el-layálee, 155.
Wilwál, 474.
Winds, hot, 2.
Windows of lattice-work, 6-8;
of coloured glass, 14.
Wine forbidden to Muslims, 82;
drunk in secret by many persons, 82, 136;
by some openly, 82;
allowed in paradise, 55.
Wird es-sahar, 224.
Witnesses, 88, 102.
Wives, lawful number of, 85;
their rights to dowry, etc., 86;
with regard to the nurture of their children, 88;
rebellious, law respecting, 88;
their feelings with regard to the restraint or seclusion to which
they are subject, 163, 281.
_See_ Marriage, Divorce, and Adultery.
Women not destitute of souls, nor excluded from paradise, according to
the Muslims, 55;
not admitted into mosques during the regular times of prayer, 69;
seldom pray even at home, 69;
whom a man is allowed to see unveiled, 86, 160, 168;
guilty of capital crimes, how put to death, 94;
when marriageable, 143;
their domestic life, condition, and habits, 159, 175.
_See_ Wives, Hareem, and Veil.
Writing, manner of, and apparatus for, 49, 50, 190.
Wudoó, 51, 56.
Wukkah, and Wukeeyeh, 534.
Yaakoobes, or Ya’ákibeh, 491.
Yahood, 512.
Yakhnee, 133.
Yá Sátir, 162.
Yá-Seen, a name of the Arabian Prophet, 387.
Yawning, custom observed on, 186, 187.
Year, Mohammadan, 198;
Coptic, 199.
Yelek, 35.
Yemeneeyeh, 476.
Zaaboot, 26.
Zaatar, 122.
Zábit, 99, 107, 108.
Zaghábeh, 361.
Zagháreet, 150, 151, 156, 479.
Záhir (Ez-), romance of, 367.
Záhireeyeh, 367.
Záïrgeh, 239.
Zarf, 125.
Záwiyeh, 294.
Záwiyet el-’Omyán, 193.
Zebeeb, 137, 297.
Zeffehs (festive parades or processions), i. 78, 150, 151, 153, 155,
157, 158, 469, 504.
Zeiyát, 294.
Zekah, 78, 392.
Zemr, 333.
Zemzem, water of, 237, 403.
Zeyneb, seyyideh, mosque of, 217, 218, 430.
_See_ Moolid.
Zikkeer, 410.
Zikrs, i. 149, 220, 234, 258, 331, 336, 396, 423, 432, 439, 465;
particular descriptions of, 398, 409, 418, 420.
Zináteeyeh, 361.
Zóba’ah, 203.
Zughbeeyeh, 361.
Zu-l-Heggeh, 199.
Zu-l-Himmeh. _See_ Delhem’eh.
Zu-l-Kaadeh, 199.
Zummárah, 336.
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Butler & Tanner, The Selwood Printing Works, Frome, and London.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transcriber’s Note
The phrase ‘ground floor’ appears on occasion as ‘ground-floor’, with no
preponderance of either. Both are kept as found. ‘Daybreak’ and
‘day-break’ are used interchangeably as well.
The first complete footnote on p. 8 refers to styles of latticework.
However, the anchor in the text is missing. It has been added at the end
of the paragraph, presuming that the discussion is now about ‘inferior
houses’, but the placement is otherwise arbitrary.
Lapses of punctuation in the Index have been corrected without comment.
The index entries for ‘Paradise’ and ‘Benzoin’ cross-reference ‘Genneh’
and ‘Gáwee’, respectively. However, neither entry exists. The index
entry for ‘Hogget el-bahr’ has no page reference, nor does the phrase
appear in the text. The page reference for ‘Jugglers‘ was transposed
from ‘355’ to ‘553’. The page reference for ‘Copts’, under the
‘Pilgrimage’ item was incorrectly as ’561’, rather than ‘501’. An
apparently specious (because out-of-order) reference regarding printed
translations of the Ku-rán should be ‘234’ rather than ‘44’. The page
reference for the virtues of Mohammed’s ninety-nine names is missing,
and p. 228 has been provided as the most likely.
Other errors deemed most likely to be the printer’s have been corrected,
and are noted here. The references are to the page and line in the
original.
xi.19 to witness any Muslim ri[ght/te] Replaced.
xvi.11 said he, [“]the salutation Added.
17.21 are mere hovels[.] Added.
17.35 or of millet-stalks, etc.[,] Added.
52.33 called by the Arabs “El-Islám.[”] Added.
54.20 in the bridge “Es-Sirát[”] Added.
76.17 greet him with a salutation![”/’] Replaced.
77.1 ’A’[i/ï]sheh, the mother of the faithful Replaced.
80.36 [‘/“]el-’Eed el-Kebeer,” Replaced.
82.21 chiefly [a/o]n account of Replaced.
89.42 who is a Muslim’eh[./,] or a Christian Replaced.
93.40 the homicide is a member[.] Added.
100.18 The “Meglis el-Meshwar′ah[”] Added.
119.35 Mustaf[’]a Káshif Inserted.
127.10 (or prayer-carpet[)] Added.
137.16 as its name implies[;] Added.
149.6 the “belláneh[”] Added.
187.4 of the present company[;/,] Replaced.
189.17 the literary and vulga[r] Restored.
206.31 peal of thunder was heard[;/,] Replaced.
214.40 but some per[s]ons assert Inserted.
217.10 Imá[n/m] ’Alee Replaced.
217.11 Imá[n/m] El-Hoseyn Replaced.
228.19 [(]or the vessel Added.
229.22 “What God willeth [cometh to pass![”]]/[]”) Transposed.
229.25 “M[a/á] sháa-lláh!” Replaced.
230.37 are especially consid[er]ed preservatives Inserted.
235.28 the sheyk[h] Ibráheem Added.
244.23 in [in] this place Repeated.
245.2 took the latter[;/,] Replaced.
263.20 “God is all-knowing[”] Added.
295.7 and [to ]give them Removed.
309.2 a small kind of stall, for coffee[.] Added.
333.37 They are placed upon[ ]a camel Inserted.
369.32 The We[ez/ze]er Sháheen Transposed.
370.5 The We[ez/ze]er Sháheen Transposed.
370.9 ’Aláy-ed[./-]Deen Replaced.
370.21 The We[ez[ze]er said to him Transposed.
371.26 The King answered[./,] Replaced.
377.33 He exclaimed[,] Added.
379.12 The Sult[a/á]n answered, Replaced.
387.31 to the fortress of Esh[ /-]Shamta Replaced.
392.17 required[ by] their law Inserted.
398.40 relatively few persons collec[t]ed Inserted.
413.29 and not feared the watchmen?[’] Added.
415.19 Yá ’amme[e] ’Ashmáwee! Added.
432.33 have been carr[r]ied from Removed.
435.33 “Soorat Yá-Seen Yá-Seen[”] Added.”“
451.4 “El-’Eed el-Kebeer;[”] Added.
465.17 and so on[.] Added.
472.13 w[f/i]th one or two Replaced.
483.23 “Soorat el-Bakarah el-Bakarah[”] Added.
514.8 to spare his life[.] Added.
546.21 For other particulars [r]especting> them Added.
The errors below appear in footnotes and are referenced by page upon
which the note begins, the original note number, and the line within it.
x.2.24 There is one wor[d/k] Replaced.
27.1.1 (called “miláyeh”[)] Added.
28.1.1 or [‘/“]Khalif.” Replaced.
54.2.2 is, however, disputed[.] Added.
65.1.3 the “ikámeh[”] Added.
122.1.1 I believe it is maple[.] Added.
126.1.2 (for “’ázikee[”]) Added.
133.3.2 the same[.] Added.
150.1.1 [“]From the verb ‘adna,’ [“]he brought,” etc. Misplaced.
227.1.1 to return to E[u/n]gland Inverted.
229.2.1 “Yá selá[n/m],” Replaced.
312.1.1 “kees el-hammán el-hammán[,]” Added.