ROWLEY'S SHOALS consist of three separate reefs, the westernmost is the

Imperieuse, the middle Clerke's, and the north-easternmost the Mermaid's.

The Imperieuse is ten miles in length from north to south, and its

greatest breadth five miles: it is surrounded by very deep water and near

the eastern edge, in latitude 17 degrees 35 minutes, and longitude 118

degrees 51 minutes, are some dry rocks. Clerke's Shoal (south end in

latitude 17 degrees 28 minutes, longitude 119 degrees 18 minutes) extends

to the north-west, and probably joins the Minstrel's Shoal, which is

described below, and, if this is the case, trends North-North-West 1/2

West for seventeen miles. The south end of Mermaid's Shoal is in 17

degrees 12 minutes South, and 119 degrees 35 minutes East, and extends to

the northward for seven miles; but its termination in that direction was

not seen. The edges of all these reefs are steep to; and no bottom was

obtained with one hundred and eighty fathoms. Within the reefs, however,

there is a bank of soundings of the depth of from one hundred and seventy

to one hundred and twenty fathoms. (See Horsburgh volume 1 page 101.)

MINSTREL'S SHOAL (see Horsburgh's Supp. page 52) its north-east end is in

17 degrees 14 minutes South, and 118 degrees 57 minutes East, or 5

degrees 28 minutes East by chronometer, from the coast of New Holland in

latitude 23 degrees 10 minutes South. The longitude of that part of the

coast by my survey, is 113 degrees 42 minutes; this will make the

Minstrel's Shoal in 119 degrees 10 minutes, which agrees very well with

Clerke's Reef, the centre reef of Rowley's Shoals, of which it is

certainly the north end; so Captain Horsburgh also supposes.

A ship called the LIVELY was wrecked on a coral reef in about 16 degrees

30 minutes South, and 119 degrees 35 minutes East.

RITCHIE'S REEF, or the Greyhound's Shoal. The situation of this reef is

recorded by Captain Horsburgh (see Supp. page 38) to be in latitude 19

degrees 58 minutes, and longitude 114 degrees 40 1/4 minutes; but, by a

letter published in the Sydney Gazette by Lieutenant Ritchie, R.N., the

commander, it would appear to be in 20 degrees 17 minutes 40 seconds,

longitude by lunars 114 degrees 46 minutes 6 seconds.

ROCK OFF VAN DIEMEN'S LAND.

The Russian ship RURICK, in 1822, saw a dry rock above water off the

south-east coast of Van Diemen's Land, in latitude 44 degrees, and

longitude 147 degrees 45 minutes.

A rock was also seen by the ship LORD SIDMOUTH in 1819, in latitude 43

degrees 48 minutes, and longitude 147 degrees 15 minutes.

...

APPENDIX A. SECTION 8.

DIRECTIONS FOR THE PASSAGE WITHIN THE REEFS THROUGH TORRES STRAIT.

INNER ROUTE.

The passage recommended by Captain Flinders for passing through Torres

Strait us by entering the reefs at Murray's Island; by which route a

two-days' passage will carry a ship past all danger: but, as the space

between Wreck Reef and Murray's Island is strewed with dangers, many of

which have been discovered since the publication of his charts, and of

which the greater number have only been recently seen, it cannot be

called a safe navigation. The dangers consist of low coral islands,

surrounded by extensive reefs, upon which in long and dark nights a

vessel is in momentary danger of striking; the result of which must be

the certain destruction of the vessel, and the probable loss of the crew.

The Inner Route was first pursued by Mr. Cripps in the brig Cyclops,

bound from Port Jackson to Bengal, in 1812. It was subsequently followed

by Lieutenant C. Jeffreys, R.N., in the command of the hired armed vessel

Kangaroo, on her passage from Port Jackson to Ceylon, in 1815.* This

officer drew a chart, with a track of his voyage up the coast; which,

considering the shortness of his time, and other circumstances that

prevented his obtaining the necessary data to lay down with accuracy so

intricate and dangerous a passage, does him very great credit; he filled

up the space between Endeavour River and Cape Direction, which Captain

Cook did not see; the only part that had previously been left a blank

upon the chart of New South Wales; his outline was found to be tolerably

correct, and my alterations have only been caused by better

opportunities, and by the greater detail of my operations. The general

feature of the coast has scarcely required correction; the principal

corrections have been in the number, size, and relative bearings of the

coral reefs and islands that front it.

(*Footnote. Horsburgh's Indian Directory volume 2 page 514.)

In describing this route, the whole of the bearings are magnetic; and the

courses are freed from the effect of tide or current, since they are only

temporary, and often of trifling importance.*

(*Footnote. In following these directions, reference should be made to

the description of the coast contained in this Appendix.)

DIRECTIONS.

Having hauled round Breaksea Spit (see Flinders' chart sheet 3) in the

evening, it would perhaps be dangerous to steer on through the night;

after running, therefore, to the West-North-West for five or six leagues,

bring to until daylight: but, if the day is before you, the course from

the extremity of the spit is West-North-West 1/4 West for about a hundred

miles. You will then be about twenty miles from Cape Capricorn: on your

way to which you should pass about three miles within Lady Elliot's

Island, and also within the southernmost islet of Bunker's Group, by

which you will see how the current has affected your course, and you can

act accordingly: if it has set you to the northward, you may pass on

either side of or through the islands without danger. After making Cape

Capricorn, you may leave it at a convenient distance, and, directing your

course about North West by North, pass either within or without the

Peaked and Flat Islands off Port Bowen; then, steering for the Percy

Group, pass between the 2nd and 3rd Northumberland Islands.

After passing the latter, avoid a low dangerous rock, that bears from it

North 8 degrees East five miles and three-quarters, and from 1st Peak

South 85 degrees West. To avoid this in the night, pass close round

Number 3, when, its situation being known, you can easily avoid it.

The channel is safe on either side of the Percy Isles, but that to the

westward of them, being better known, is therefore recommended as the

safest. Then steer either over the Mermaid's or Bathurst's tracks, which

will carry a ship round the projections of the coast as far as Cape

Grafton, as far as which, if the weather is fine, there can be no danger

of proceeding through the night; but it must be recollected, that at Cape

Grafton the coral reefs approach the coast, and, consequently, great care

must be used.

On reaching Fitzroy Island, round it at a mile off shore, and, when its

north end bears West, steer North-West 1/2 North for thirty-five miles;

you will then be a league to the South-East of a group of low isles; if

it should be night when you pass them, come no nearer to them than

fourteen fathoms. In steering this course, great care should be taken,

not to go too much to the eastward to avoid the reef which the Tamar saw.

(See above.)

If the moon is up the islets will be readily distinguished, but otherwise

it would be more prudent to wait for daylight. This course will carry a

ship over two of my tracks, and the soundings will be in seventeen,

eighteen, and nineteen fathoms. From the low isles direct your course for

the Hope Islands, which bear from the former North 18 degrees West

thirty-eight miles, but the course had better be within that line, to

avoid some reefs in latitude 15 degrees 51 minutes: pass, therefore,

within five miles of Cape Tribulation, when a direct course may be

steered either to the eastward or westward of the Hope Isles. The better

route will be within the western Hope, and along its reef at the distance

of three-quarters of a mile, by which you will avoid reef a. When you are

abreast of its north end, steer North by West westerly for twenty-eight

miles; this will carry you to Cape Bedford which you may round at from

one to three or four miles. You will see in your way, at three miles and

a half from the north end of the Hope Reef, reef b; and at fifteen miles

from it you will be abreast of e; and five miles farther on you will pass

Captain Cook's Turtle Reef, which has a dry sand at its north end. These

three reefs will be to the eastward of your course.

The current sets to the North-West, so that your course must be directed

accordingly. In coasting along the shore, you will discern the summits

which are marked on the chart. The high conical hill, on the south side

of the entrance of Endeavour River, is Mount Cook, bearings of which,

crossed with the summit of Cape Bedford, or any of the particularized

summits or points will give the vessel's place, by which the effects of

the current, which is generally very slight, will be perceived: on one

occasion we found a current in the space between the Endeavour Reef and

Turtle Reef of two miles an hour to the North-West.

Being off Cape Bedford, and steering to the North 1/2 West, you will see

the Three Isles ahead: steer between them and the low wooded island; and

direct your course round Cape Flattery and Point Lookout, to anchor under

the Turtle Group, unless you have time before dark to reach the islands

4, 5, or 6, of Howick's Group. Under which anchorage may be found. In

rounding Point Lookout, do not come within two miles and a half of it, to

avoid a reef that is on Captain Cook's chart, but which we did not see;

it lies a mile and a half north from the peaked hill at the extremity of

the point. You may pass without the Turtle Group, or you will find

anchorage under Lizard Island, but this is not recommended, both because

the wind is generally fresher as you increase your distance from the

shore, and because it lengthens the distance.

From the Turtle Group steer North West by West 1/2 West until you see the

hillock at the south-east end of Number 1 of Howick's Group: then pass

inside and within a mile of 2 and 3, and between islet 4 and Cole's

Islands, and inshore of 6 and the dry sands s, t, and u. The Mermaid's

track will direct the course to Cape Melville. If the day is late when

abreast of 6, of Howick's Group, anchorage had better be secured under

it, as there is none to be recommended between it and Cape Flinders.

Upon rounding Cape Melville, the Islands of Flinders' Group will be seen;

and as soon as you have passed round the stony reef that projects off the

Cape (the extremity of which bears from it by compass North West by

North, and from Pipon's Island South-West by West 1/4 West nearly) in

doing which steer within the reef that surrounds Pipon Island, direct the

course for the extremity of the islands, which is Cape Flinders; the

course and distance being West 3/4 South nearly thirteen miles: on this a

low woody island will be left on the starboard hand.

His Majesty's sloop Satellite, in 1822, grounded upon a small reef,

bearing North by East (easterly) from the extremity of the cape, distant

about two miles; but, as a ship may pass within a stone's throw of the

cape, this danger may be easily avoided. The best anchorage here is under

the flat-topped hill, at a third of a mile from the shore, in ten

fathoms, muddy bottom. In hauling round the cape, avoid a shoal which

extends for a short distance from the shore on its western side.

If the day is not far advanced, and you have time to run fifteen miles

further, the ship may proceed to the reef d; but, indeed, anchorage may

be obtained under any of the reefs or islets between this part and Cape

Grenville, for the bottom is universally of mud; and by anchoring with

the body of a reef, bearing South-East, the vessel is sufficiently

sheltered from the sea, which is generally smooth.

On leaving Cape Flinders, steer West 3/4 North for about twenty-three

miles, leaving the reefs c and g to seaward, and d, e, and f to the

southward, of the course; then haul up about North-West 3/4 North, and

steer within the reef l and Pelican Island, and to seaward of the

Claremont Islands 1 and 2, which are low and woody.

When abreast of 2, the south-west end of the reef m will be seen, which

should be passed at from one to two miles, and the course North by West

1/4 West will carry you to 4 and 5, which you may pass on either side of,

the channel between them being quite safe. If you take the latter course,

steer north, within the reef o, and then close within 6, to avoid the low

rock that covers with the tide. Having passed this rock, steer for 7, and

pass within one mile of it, to avoid the shoals that extend off Cape

Sidmouth. Hence the course is North-North-West towards Night Island; and,

when abreast of it, steer North 1/2 West until near the covered shoal v,

when the course may be directed within Sherrard's Islets and reef 10 (on

which there is a sandy islet covered with some bushes) and then steer

round Cape Direction.

Hence the course North-North-West 1/4 West will carry you within the

reefs y, z, a, b, and c, and without the rocky islet that lies off

Restoration Island: continuing this course you will, at about five miles

beyond the cape, see the long reef e; steer North-West parallel with its

edge, which extends until you are abreast of Fair Cape, where it

terminates with a very narrow point. Then steer North-West 1/2 North, and

pass between the two easternmost Piper's Islands and the reefs h, i, and

k; then pass on either side of l and m, inshore of Haggerston's Island,

and round the outermost of Sir Everard Home's Group.

The anchorages between Cape Flinders and this are so numerous as not to

require particular mention: the north-west end of every reef will afford

shelter; but the anchor should not be dropped too near, because the tide

sweeps round the edge with greater strength than it does at half a mile

off, within which distance the bottom is generally deeper. If the day is

advanced and the breeze fresh, Night Island should not be passed: because

the anchorages between it and Piper's Islands are rather exposed; and a

vessel getting underweigh from Night Island at daylight will easily reach

Piper's Islands, or Margaret Bay, before dark.

The latter bay is round Cape Grenville; it is fronted by Sunday Island,

which affords good shelter from the wind: it is a safe place to stop at.

In passing round Sir Everard Home's Islands, steer wide from them, to

avoid the tide drifting you towards the group, for it sets to the

North-West across the course. The course is then about North-West 1/4

West to the Bird Isles, and thence, to the reef v, about North West by

North; the better and more direct plan is to pass within v and w (there

is, however, a safe channel between them) and when abreast of the west

end of the latter, the course to Cairncross Island is North by West 1/2

West, and the distance about eighteen miles.

There not being any very good anchorage between this and Cape York, it

would be perhaps better to anchor under it for the night, in about

fourteen or fifteen fathoms, mud, the island bearing South-East, but not

nearer than half a mile, because, within that distance, the bottom is

rocky.

Leaving Cairncross Island, steer North-North-West 1/4 West until Escape

River is abreast of you, when look out for reef x: steer within it about

North West by North, which will take you inside the covered reef z. Your

course then must be round the Albany Islands, and hence North West by

North for a, which is a rocky islet that may be seen from abreast the

Albany Isles.

The passage through the Possession Isles and Endeavour Strait is not to

be recommended for a large ship, on account of the shoal water that

extends from Wallis' Isles towards Shoal Cape; but the route round the

north end of Wednesday and Hammond's Islands is preferable. Upon passing

reef a, Wednesday Island will be seen: in steering towards it, avoid

standing too close to the rocky islet that is abreast of the strait

between it and Horned Hill, as some sunken rocks stretch off it for about

a quarter of a mile: steer round the north point of Wednesday Island at

half a mile, and then West by South 1/4 South which will carry you to the

northward of the rock off Hammond's Island. Having passed this rock,

steer South-West by West; and when abreast of the south-west end of

Hammond's Island, haul towards a reef, to the southward of the course, on

which you will see some dry rocks, which you may pass within half a mile

of: you will then avoid reef d, which is generally, if not always,

covered: the fairway of this channel is seven and eight fathoms deep.

When the summit of Good's Island bears South-West by West, steer West by

South southerly for Booby Island, by which you will avoid Larpent's bank,

and when you have passed it, you are clear of the strait. Hence you may

steer West 3/4 South through the night, on which course you will very

gradually deepen your water.

...

APPENDIX A. SECTION 9.

TABLE: DIP OF THE MAGNETIC NEEDLE, OBSERVED DURING THE MERMAID'S AND

BATHURST'S VOYAGES UPON THE COAST OF AUSTRALIA.

COLUMN 1: DATE.

COLUMN 2: PLACE.

COLUMN 3: LATITUDE SOUTH IN DEGREES MINUTES SECONDS.

COLUMN 4: LONGITUDE EAST IN DEGREES MINUTES SECONDS.

COLUMN 5: DIP OF THE NEEDLE IN DEGREES MINUTES SECONDS.

COLUMN 6: NORTH OR SOUTH END.

COLUMN 7: VARIATION IN DEGREES MINUTES SECONDS.

COLUMN 8: REMARKS.

1817. October 9, November 28 : Port Jackson, East Coast : 33 51 : 151 15

: 62 1 30 : South : 8 42 East : Observed on shore, on the north side of

Sydney Cove.

1819. January : Hobart Town, Van Diemen's Land : 42 54 : 147 27 : 70 7 00

: South : 9 00 East : Observed on shore.

June 16 : Cleveland Bay, East Coast : 19 10 : 146 56 : 44 6 40 : South :

5 12 1/2 East : Two observations made at the extremity of the cape.

July : Endeavour River, East Coast : 15 27 : 145 11 : 38 00 00 : South :

5 27 East : Taken at the tent.

1818. April : Goulburn Island, North Coast : 11 38 : 133 20 : 27 32 30 :

South : 2 0 East : Taken on Bottle Rock, in South-west Bay.

1820. October : Careening Bay, North-west Coast : 15 6 1/4 : 125 0 : 38

44 36 : South : 0 43 1/2 West : Taken at the tent.

Dip of the Needle at Port Louis, Simon's Bay, and various parts of the

Atlantic Ocean, observed upon the Bathurst's return to England.

1821. November : Port Louis, Mauritius : 20 10 : 57 29 East : 51 42 :

South : 12 00 West : On shore.

1823. February : Simon's Bay, Cape of Good Hope : 34 11 2/3 : 18 28 1/2 :

48 23 1/2 : - : 28 to 30 : On shore.

February 9 : False Bay 5 minutes East-South-East of Simon's Bay : - : - :

48 48 : - : 28 to 30 : On the binnacle.

February 14 : At Sea : 27 18 : 8 50 : 37 57 1/2 : - : 24 00 : On the

binnacle.

February 16 : At Sea : 23 47 : 4 2 : 30 10 : - : 24 00 : This observation

is correct to 3/4 degree.

The situation for the above observation bears East 5 degrees North from

the place where the same dip was observed by M. Perouse on the Coast of

Brazil.

February 20 : At Sea : 17 7 : 4 57 West : 15 42 1/2 : - : 21 9 : Correct

to 1/2 degree.

The above situation bears East 16 1/2 degrees North from the place where

Commodore Baudin observed the dip of 15 degrees; and East 14 degrees

North from the observation of 14 degrees by M. Perouse.

February 24 : At Sea, four leagues North-North-West from St. Helena : - :

- : 11 45 : - : 20 35 : Correct to 1/2 degree.

February 26 : At Sea : 14 25 : 7 53 : 7 56 1/4 : - : 18 54 : Correct to

1/2 degree.

1823. February 27 : At Sea : 12 42 South : 9 21 West : 3 6 3/4 : South :

18 28 West : -.

Upon placing the instrument with the end marked 180 degrees in the

direction of North 45 degrees East the needle dipped 4 30.

Upon placing the instrument with the end marked 180 degrees in the

direction of North 67 East the needle dipped 11 30.

Upon placing the instrument with the end marked 180 degrees in the

direction of North 78 East the needle dipped 14 30.

Upon placing the instrument with the end marked 180 degrees in the

direction of North 85 East the needle dipped 18 15.

Upon placing the instrument with the end marked 180 degrees in the

direction of North 88 East the needle dipped 20 0.

Upon placing the instrument with the end marked 180 degrees in the

direction of North 91 East the needle dipped 25 0.

Upon placing the instrument with the end marked 180 degrees in the

direction of North 92 1/2 East it was vertical.

Upon placing the instrument with the end marked 180 degrees in the

direction of North 95 East the needle shifted on the opposite side to 65

0.

Upon placing the instrument with the end marked 180 degrees in the

direction of South 45 East the needle shifted on the opposite side to 3

40.

Upon placing the instrument with the end marked 180 degrees in the

direction of South 45 West the needle shifted on the opposite side to 3

0.

Upon placing the instrument with the end marked 180 degrees in the

direction North 45 West the needle shifted on the opposite side to 5 30.

The mean of the observation, on placing either end North and South was 3

6 3/4 degrees.

The mean of the observation, on placing either end North-East and

South-West was 3 45.

The mean of the observation, on placing either end South-East and

North-West was 4 35.

1823. February 28 : At Sea : 11 44 South : 10 12 West : 1 25 : South : 17

to 18 West : -.

Upon placing the instrument in the direction of North 45 East the needle

dipped 2 10.

Upon placing the instrument in the direction of North 60 East the needle

dipped 2 50.

Upon placing the instrument in the direction of North 70 East the needle

dipped 4 25.

Upon placing the instrument in the direction of North 80 East the needle

dipped 5 15.

Upon placing the instrument in the direction of North 90 East the needle

dipped 8 15.

Upon placing the instrument in the direction of North 92 East the needle

dipped 14 00.

Upon placing the instrument in the direction of South 60 East the needle

shifted.

Upon placing the instrument in the direction of South 45 East the needle

shifted 2 20.

Upon placing the instrument in the direction of South 45 West the needle

shifted 1 40.

Upon placing the instrument in the direction of North 45 West the needle

shifted 1 00.

Mean when placed at North-East and North-East 1 55.

Mean when placed at North-West and South-East 1 40.

February 28 : At Sea : 11 30 1/2 : 10 20 : 0 45 : South : 17 to 18 West :

-.

February 28 : At Sea : 11 5 1/2 : 10 34 : 0 15 : North : 17 to 18 West :

-.

From the above observations, it would appear that the Magnetic Equator

crosses the meridian of 10 1/2 degrees West, in 11 degrees 12 minutes

South latitude. At the latter observation--when the direction of the

instrument was changing, the needle remained quite stationary, the south

end of the needle pointing to the north, until the change was effected;

it remained in this position for two seconds of time, and then suddenly

shifted to the opposite, its proper, direction; its movements were,

however, very sluggish and irregular in its shifting end for end. The day

was so rainy that no observation could be made for the variation of the

compass.

March 1 : At Sea : 10 1 South : 11 31 West : 3 32 1/2 : North : 17 44

West : -.

March 2 : At Sea : 8 21 South : 12 57 : 6 50 : North : 18 00 : -.

March 5 : At Sea : 7 3 South : 15 42 : 11 22 1/2 : North : 16 5 : -.

March 7 : At Sea : 4 17 South : 18 50 : 19 15 : North : 13 18 : -.

March 9 : At Sea : 0 0 1/3 South : 22 6 1/4 : 27 45 : North : 12 51 : -.

March 24 : At Sea : 17 4 North : 35 40 : 54 23 3/4 : North : 11 3 :

Correct to 3/4 degree.

March 31 : At Sea : 29 33 North : 38 35 : 65 25 : North : 10 59 : Correct

to 1 degree.

...

APPENDIX A. SECTION 10.

UPON THE GEOGRAPHICAL POSITIONS OF THE FIXED POINTS OF THE SURVEY.

The observations for determining the longitudes of the various parts of

the coast were taken with a circle and a sextant by Troughton: besides

these valuable instruments we had three chronometers of Arnold's make,

namely, 413 (box) 2054 (pocket) and 394 (pocket); of which the two first

were supplied by the Admiralty. At the end of the fourth year, in

consequence of 394 having stopped, a fourth chronometer, made by

Parkinson and Frodsham (Number 287 box) was purchased in the colony, and

proved to be a most excellent watch.

The situations of the following places, which were either fixed by us or

adapted from other authorities, served as the basis of the chronometrical

determination of the longitudes of the intermediate parts.

The flagstaff of FORT MACQUARIE on the north-east head of Sydney Cove in

PORT JACKSON (the Cattle Point of Flinders, and otherwise Bennelong

Point) is in latitude 33 degrees 51 minutes 28 seconds South and

longitude 151 degrees 15 minutes 26 East, being, according to the ensuing

table, the mean of all the observations that have been taken.

Latitude (in degrees minutes seconds) observed by:

Captain Flinders, in 1795 and 1802: 33 51 45.6.

De Freycinet in 1802: 33 51 21.

King (reduced) 1817: 33 51 18.

Sir T. Brisbane (reduced) 1822: 33 51 30.

Mean Latitude of Fort Macquarie 33 51 28.

Longitude (in degrees minutes seconds) observed by:

Captain Cook, reduced from his observations at Botany Bay, 1770: 151 11

32.

Captain Hunter, 1788: 151 19 43.

Lieutenant Dawes 1788: 151 18 50.

Lieutenant Bradley: 151 20 38.

Malespina: 151 17 53.

Messrs. Broughton and Crosley, 1795: 151 9 3.

Captain Flinders, 1795-6: 151 17 12.

Ditto 1802: 151 11 49.

Captain De Freycinet, 1802: 151 8 32.

M. D'Espinosa by an eclipse of sun and occultation of Jupiter 1st and 2nd

Satellites, 1793: 151 12 45.

Governor Bligh, 1806, eclipse of sun: 151 17 49.

Captain P.P. King, 1817, eclipse of sun, calculated by Mr. Rumker: 151 17

29.

Sir Thomas Brisbane, 1822 (the mean of six eclipses places his

observatory in 151 degrees 15 minutes 20 seconds): 151 15 32.

Mr. Rumker, eclipse of sun at Parramatta, reduced to Fort Macquarie: 151

17 30.

Mean Longitude of Fort Macquarie 151 15 26.

PERCY ISLAND (Number 2). The longitude of the south-west end of this

island is by Captain Flinders' observation in 150 degrees 13 minutes

East.

ENDEAVOUR RIVER. The observatory, which was placed within a few yards of

the shore on the south side of the entrance (the summit of the highest

bush near the extremity of the opposite sandy beach, bearing by compass

West 3 degrees 40 minutes South) was found to be situated in latitude 15

degrees 27 minutes 4 seconds, and longitude 145 degrees 10 minutes 49

seconds. (See note, Appendix A.)

GOULBURN ISLANDS. The observations were taken upon Bottle Rock, the

largest of two rocky islets at the north end of South-west Bay; but the

results were so doubtful and unsatisfactory, that the longitude

determined by the chronometers was preferred. The following are the

observations that were taken to fix its situation, namely:

Latitude by fourteen meridional altitudes of the sun l. l. on the

sea-horizon, taken in various parts of the bay, and reduced by survey to

Bottle Rock 11 37 24.

The difference of longitude between Bottle Rock and Cassini Island by

chronometers, taken in:

1819: 7 40 47.

1820: 7 40 00.

1821: 7 38 28.

Mean difference between Cassini Island and Bottle Rock: 7 39 45.

Longitude of Cassini Island from Careening Bay, by survey: 125 38 46.

Longitude of Bottle Rock, by chronometer, from Cassini Island: 133 18 31.

The mean of the results of the lunar distances that were taken during the

years 1818 and 1819, gave for the longitude of the rock 133 degrees 31

minutes 58 seconds East. On our last voyage the mean of the Bathurst's

and Dick's watches made it 133 degrees 19 minutes 40 seconds, which was

finally adapted, since it accorded better with the chronometrical

difference between its meridian and that of Cassini Island. I have never

been able to account for this extraordinary disagreement between the

results of the lunar distances and the chronometers, since the former

were taken with the sun on both sides of the moon, and seemed to be very

good.

CAREENING BAY. This place was fixed by a series of observations, in

latitude 15 degrees 6 minutes 18 seconds South, and 125 degrees 0 minutes

46 seconds East. (See Appendix A. in a note.)

KING GEORGE THE THIRD'S SOUND. The longitude of this place was adapted

from the observations and survey of Captain Flinders, as follows; namely:

The tent on the east shore of the entrance of Oyster Harbour. Latitude 35

degrees 0 minutes 17 seconds, and longitude 117 degrees 56 minutes 22

seconds.

The sandy beach under the low part of the land of Bald Head (the first

sandy bay round the head) is in latitude 35 degrees 6 minutes, and

longitude 117 degrees 58 minutes 6 seconds.

COEPANG, in the Island of Timor. The situation of the flag-staff of FORT

CONCORDIA, where our chronometers were rated, is in latitude 10 degrees 9

minutes 6 seconds, and longitude 123 degrees 35 minutes 46 seconds,

according to the observations of Captain Flinders.

...

APPENDIX B.

CONTAINING A LIST AND DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBJECTS OF NATURAL HISTORY

COLLECTED DURING CAPTAIN KING'S SURVEY OF THE INTERTROPICAL AND WESTERN

COASTS OF AUSTRALIA.

Previously to the establishment of the British Colony at Port Jackson, in

the year 1787, the shores of this extensive continent had been visited by

very few navigators who have recorded any account of the productions of

its Animal Kingdom. The first authentic report that we have, is that of

Vlaming, who is celebrated as the first discoverer of that rara avis, the

black swan: next to him followed Dampier, who has handed down to us in

his intelligent, although quaint, style, the account of several of the

productions of the North-western and Western Coasts; but the harvest was

reserved for Banks and Solander, the companions of Cook, whose names are

so well and widely known in the fields of science. These distinguished

naturalists were the first collectors upon the Coast of New South Wales;

and although their labours were not confined to any particular branch of

Natural History, yet Botany appeared to be their chief object, of which

the Banksian Herbarium yields ample proof.

Among the collectors of Natural History, in the neighbourhood of the

colony, since the year 1787, may be recorded the names of White,

Paterson, Collins, Brown, Caley, Lewin, Humphreys, and Jamison; and in

this interval the coasts have been visited by two English and two French

expeditions of discovery; namely, those commanded by Admiral

D'Entrecasteaux, Captains Vancouver and Flinders, and Commodore Baudin.

The first merely touched upon the south coast at the Recherche's

Archipelago, and on the south shores of Van Diemen's Land; and the second

only at King George the Third's Sound, near the South-west Cape; but

these opportunities were sufficient to celebrate the names of

Labillardiere and Menzies as Australian Botanists, notwithstanding they

have been since eclipsed by the more extensive discoveries of Mr. Brown,

whose collections of Natural History upon the voyage of Captain Flinders,

and his pre-eminent qualifications, have justly raised him to the

pinnacle of botanical science upon which he is so firmly and deservedly

elevated.

Peron and Lesueur, in Baudin's voyage, extended their inquiries chiefly

among the branches of zoological research; but in that expedition each

department of Natural History had its separate collector, and the names

of Leschenault de la Tour, Riedle, Depuch, and Bailly, will not be

forgotten. Unfortunately, the Natural History of this voyage has never

yet been given to the world, the death of M. Peron having put a stop to

its publication; a few of the subjects, however, have been taken up by

MM. Lacepede and Cuvier, and other French naturalists, in the form of

monographs, in their various scientific journals; but the greater part is

yet untouched, probably from the want of the valuable information which

died with its collector. M. Peron, in his historical account of that

expedition, notices a few subjects of zoology that were collected by him,

but in so vague a manner, that it is with very great doubt that the

specimens which we procured, and suspect to be his discoveries, can be

compared with his descriptions.

Of the Natural History collections of Captain Flinders and Mr. Brown, no

account has been published, excepting the valuable botanical works of the

latter gentleman.

With respect to the collection which has been formed upon this

expedition, it is to be regretted that the gleanings of the Animal

Kingdom, particularly of quadrupeds and birds, should have been so

trifling in number; and that the students of Natural History should have

suffered disappointment in what might, at first view, be fairly

considered to have arisen from neglect and careless attention to the

subject; but as the principal, and almost the only, object of the voyage

was the survey of the coast, for which purpose a small vessel was justly

considered the most advantageous, accommodation for a zoological

collection was out of the question. The very few specimens that are now

offered to the world were procured as leisure and opportunity offered;

but many interesting and extremely curious subjects were in fact obliged

to be left behind from want of room, and from our not possessing

apparatus for collecting and preserving them.

A botanical collector for the Royal Garden, Mr. Allan Cunningham, was

attached to the expedition; and this gentleman did not fail to make a

very extensive and valuable collection in his department, the whole of

which is preserved at Kew.

In making out the Appendix, every species brought home (excepting three

or four fishes) has been mentioned, for the sake of furnishing materials

for the students of Geographical Zoology. The distribution of animals is

a branch of study that has been very much neglected, which is to be

lamented, as it appears likely to offer a very great assistance to the

systematic Physiologist; and for this reason the species found at the

Isle of France have been added to the list.

For the catalogue and descriptions of the quadrupeds, reptiles, and

shells, I am under obligation to Mr. J.E. Gray, of the British Museum.

Mr. Vigors has kindly assisted me with the use of his collection, and his

valuable advice with respect to the few specimens of birds that were

preserved; and Mr. W.S. MacLeay has furnished me with a very valuable

description of my entomological collection. I am also indebted to Mr.

Cunningham for his remarks upon the botany of the country; to Mr. Brown,

for his description of a new tree from King George the Third's Sound; and

lastly to Dr. Fitton, for his kindness in drawing up for me a very

interesting geological notice from the specimens that have been presented

to the Geological Society of London, of which he is one of the most

active and scientific members.

...

VERTEBRATA.

MAMMALIA.

BY JOHN EDWARD GRAY, ESQUIRE, M.G.S., ETC.

1. Pteropus edwardsii, Desm. Mamm. 109.

Madagascar Bat, Edwards' Birds, t. 108.

Vespertilio vampyrus, Lin. Syst. Nat. 1 45.

Flying Fox, Colonists of Port Jackson.

This specimen, caught at Point Cunningham on the North-west Coast,

appears to agree with Edwards' figure, and with the specimen preserved in

the British Museum. There is also one in the collection of the Linnean

Society from Port Jackson. Large flights of these animals were observed

at Port Keats and in Cambridge Gulf, on the North-west Coast. This bat

seems also to be very abundant on the Friendly Islands, for Forster

describes having seen five hundred hanging upon one casuarina tree.

Forster, page 187.

2. Canis australiae.

Canis familiaris australasiae, Desmarest, Mamm. 191.

Australasian Dog, or Dingo, Shaw's Zool. 1 278, t. 76.

This animal is common in the neighbourhood of Port Jackson, and dogs, to

all appearance of the same species, are found on all parts of the coast.

Captain King presented a living specimen to Sir Everard Home, Bart., who

sent it to Exeter Change.

In considering this species as distinct from the common dog, I am

supported by the opinion of Mr. William MacLeay*. (See Linnean

Transactions 13.)

(*Footnote. No such opinon has been expressed by Mr. W. S. Macleay in the

place alluded to.--P.P.K. [added in "errata"])

Captain King informs me that these dogs never bark, in which particular

they agree with the Linnean account of the American dog; that, in their

appearance and cunning disposition, they resemble the fox; and although

occasionally domesticated in New South Wales, they never lose the sly

habits peculiar to their breed, nor can be prevented from killing poultry

or biting sheep.

This dog, however, seems to be quite a distinct species from that found

in the South Sea Islands, which Forster describes as being "of a singular

race: they mostly resemble the common cur, but have prodigious large

heads, remarkably little eyes, prick ears, long hair, and a short bushy

tail. They are chiefly fed with fruit at the Society Isles; but in the

Low Isles and New Zealand, where they are the only domestic animals, they

live upon fish. They are exceedingly stupid, and seldom or NEVER BARK,

only howl now and then." Forster's Observations, page 189.

3. Otaria cinerea, Peron et Lesueur. Voyage aux Terres Austral. ij. 75.

The head of a species, agreeing with the short description of Peron, was

brought home by the expedition, but that it is the one intended by these

authors, there is great room to doubt. I am informed that specimens of

Peron's animal are in the Paris Museum, but Desmarest and Frederic

Cuvier, who have both lately written upon seals, have only copied the

very short specific character given by Peron. The head of our specimen is

gray, covered with rather short, rigid, hairs, and without any woolly

fur. The ears are short, conical.

It is very distinct from the Otaria Falklandica of Desmarest (the Phoca

falklandica* of Shaw) by the want of the woolly substance under the hair

(called fur by the seal-fishers) and by the length of the ear, which in

the latter species, described by Shaw, is long and awl-shaped.

(*Footnote. The specimen in the Museum, which I take for this species,

was brought by Captain Peake from New South Shetland: it differs from

Pennant's, and consequently from all succeeding descriptions that are

taken from him, in having five instead of four claws and toes to the hind

foot.)

Captain King in his manuscript observes, that this seal is found at

Rottnest Island on the West Coast, and at King George the Third's Sound.

It appeared also to be the same species that frequents Shark's Bay; and,

if it is M. Peron's Otaria cinerea, it is also found as far to the

eastward as Kangaroo Island.

The head is deposited in the Linnean Society's collection.

4. Petaurista sciurea, Desm. N. Dict. H.N. 25 403.

Didelphis sciurea, Shaw's Zool. 1 t. 113.

Sugar Squirrel, Colonists of Port Jackson.

A well preserved natural skeleton of this animal was brought home and

deposited in the British Museum.

5. Acrobata pygmaea, Desm. Mamm. 270.

Didelphis pygmaea, Shaw's Gen. Zool. 1 t. 114.

Phalangista pygmaea, Geoffr. manuscripts.

Petaurus pygmaeus, Desm. N. Dict. H.N. 25 405.

Opossum Mouse, Colonists at Port Jackson.

This little animal, the smallest and most beautiful of the opossum tribe,

is exceedingly numerous in the vicinity of Port Jackson. It was first

described by Dr. Shaw in his Zoology of New Holland. There are several

specimens in the Linnean Society's collection. The above is placed in the

British Museum.

6. Delphinorhynchus pernettensis ?

Delphinus pernettensis, Blainville.

Delphinus delphis, var. Bonnaterre, Ency. Cetol. 21.

Dauphin, Pernetty, Voyage aux Isles Malouines, 99. t. 2. f. 1.

A head, apparently belonging to this species, was brought home and

deposited in the collection of the British Museum. This animal is very

common upon the northern coasts of New Holland.

Captain King, in his manuscript, remarks, that the coasts of New South

Wales, and the north-western side of New Holland, abound in cetaceous

animals. Upon the North-east Coast, within the reefs, the sea is crowded

with Balaena physalis, Linn., or fin-backed whales, as they are called by

the whalers, who pay little attention to them, on account of the danger

of approaching them. His boats were sometimes placed in critical

situations from these animals suddenly rising to the surface of the water

close to them, and lashing the sea with their tremendous fins, and their

occasionally leaping out of the water, and falling down with a crushing

weight. Their colour is generally of a cinereous hue, but a few were

noticed that were variegated black and white. The whales of the

North-west Coast appeared to be of the same species, but of a darker

colour. At one of the anchorages, near Cape Leveque (volume 2 page 91)

the brig was for a whole night surrounded by these enormous fish, and the

crew in momentary dread of their falling on board, the consequence of

which would have been very disastrous. The noise of their fall in the

water, on a calm night, was as loud as the report of a cannon.

...

AVES.

THIS COLLECTION HAS BEEN PRESENTED TO THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, IN WHOSE

CABINETS THEY ARE NUMBERED ACCORDING TO THE ORDER IN WHICH THEY ARE HERE

INSERTED.

1. Halcyon sacra. Swainson.

Alcedo sacra, Ind. Orn. 1 250.

Sacred Kingfisher, Latham, 4 25.

This bird was taken at sea, in the neighbourhood of Cambridge Gulf, on

the North-west Coast, having probably been blown off by a strong land

wind.

2. Barita tibicen. Cuvier.

Coracias tibicen, Ind. Orn. sup. 27.

Piping roller, Latham, 3 86.

3. Barita varia. Cuvier.

Coracias varia, Ind. Orn. 1 173.

Pied roller, Latham, 3 86.

This appears to be a young specimen.

4. Centropus phasianus. Illiger.

Cuculus phasianus, Ind. Orn. Sup. 30.

Polophilus phasianus, Leach, Zool. Misc. plate 46.

Pheasant Cuckoo, Latham, 3 240.

This bird is found upon all parts of the coast of New South Wales north

of Port Jackson, as well as upon the eastern part of the North-west

Coast. Its habitat in Australia is known to extend as wide as twenty-four

degrees of latitude, and twenty-six degrees of longitude. This specimen

was taken at Endeavour River, on the East Coast. There is also another

specimen of this bird in the Linnean Society's collection, that was taken

in the neighbourhood of Port Jackson.

5. Meliphaga corniculata. Lewin.

Merops corniculata, Ind. Orn. 1 276.

Knob-fronted Honey-eater, Latham, 4 161.

This bird is found upon the whole extent of the Eastern Coast.

The next bird in the collection has been arranged by Dr. Latham in the

Linnean genus Gracula, but appears to me to agree in no respect with that

genus, as originally characterized by Linnaeus, much less with it as it

has been modified by modern ornithologists. Whether we consider,

according to M. Cuvier,* that the type of Gracula is the Paradisea

tristis, Linn., or, according to M. Temminck, that it is the Gracula

religiosa, Linn.,** in which latter opinion I feel rather disposed to

acquiesce, my bird agrees with the group in none of its essential

characters. In fact, the Linnean genus Oriolus is that to which it bears

the closest resemblance in its general appearance; particularly by a

similar disposition of its colours, and in the structure of its bill,

wings, and legs. I would at once refer it to that genus, but that I have

some reason to think that it belongs to the meliphagous birds, which are

so abundant in New Holland, and which have been observed to assume the

appearance of almost every group in the Insessores. Indeed, some birds of

that country, which have been decided to be

meliphagous, such as the Meliphaga cyanops, Lewin,*** [Graculine

Honey-eater, Lath. Syn. 4 166. sp. Ed. 2da.] and others allied to it, and

which differ little from the bird before us, have so many external

relations with the Orioles, that they probably would be found to arrange

themselves in the same family with them, were it not for the totally

different structure of their tongue, and the consequent difference in

their habits of life. Of the tongue, or mode of feeding of the bird at

present before us, I can myself say nothing decisively, not having had

leisure or opportunity, as I have already observed, of attending to the

more interesting details of Natural History during the expedition. But

general opinion places this bird among the groups that feed by suction;

and as I have a second species hitherto undescribed, which is closely

allied to it, I prefer forming both provisionally into a new genus, to

referring them to one, from which, although they agree with it in

external appearance, they may be totally remote, in consequence of their

internal anatomy and habits of life. The error at least will not be so

great, and may be easily retrieved. If the tongue of my birds be found to

accord with that of the Orioles, and not of the Honey-suckers, my group

of course must fall.

(*Footnote. Regne Anim. 1 360.)

(**Footnote. Analyse d'un Syst. Gen. d'Orn. page 52.)

(***Footnote. Birds of New Holland plate 4.)

Genus MIMETES.*

(*Footnote. Mimetes, from Greek, imitator; [assuming the appearance of a

different group.])

Rostrum forte, subarcuatum, subcultratum, mandibulis utrisque apice

emarginatis; naribus basalibus, lateralibus, subovalibus, membrano partim

tectis.

Lingua ad sugendum idonea ?

Alae mediocres, rotundatae; remige 1ma brevissima; 2da et 6ta aequalibus;

3tia et 4ta fere aequalibus; longissimis; 5ta his paulo breviori: remigum

3tiae ad 6tam inclusam pogoniis externis in medio gradatim productis.

Pedes subbreves; acrotarsiis scutellatis, scutis quinque; paratarsiis

integris.

Cauda mediocris, fere aequalis.

6. VIRIDIS. M. olivaceo-viridis, subtus albidus nigro guttatim striatus;

alis caudaque nigro-fuscis, illis albido-marginatis, hac apice albo.

Gracula viridis. Lath. Ind. Orn. supp. page 28.

Caput dorsumque olivaceo-viridia, plumis in medio longitudinaliter

fusco-lineatis. Tectrices superiores nigro-fuscae, ad apicem

albido-marginatae; inferiores albido nigroque variegatae. Remiges supra

fuscae, ad marginem externum apicemque leviter albido-notatae; subtus

pallide fuscae. Rectrices nigro-fuscae, subtus pallidiores, omnibus,

duabus mediis exceptis, apice albo-maculatis. Rostrum flavum. Pedes

nigri. Longitudo* corporis, 10 1/4; alae a carpo ad remigem 3tiam, 5

7/10; caudae, 4 4/5; tarsi, 17/20; rostri ad frontem, 1 2/10, ad rictum,

1 3/10.

(*Footnote. My measurement is in inches, and their component parts.)

7. FLAVO-CINCTUS (n.s.) M. flavo-viridis, subtus pallidior, capite

dorsoque fusco-lineatis, alis caudaque nigris viridi flavoque variegatis.

Capitis, gulae, dorsique plumae flavo-virides, in medio fusco-lineatae,

hujus lineis latioribus. Tectrices superiores nigrae, apice

flavo-marginatae, pteromatum margine flavo, alis clausis, fasciam

conspicuam formante; inferiores flavee, ad basin nigro-notatae. Remiges

supra nigrae, subtus fuscae; primariis anguste, secondariis late, apice

flavo-marginatis; pogoniis externis anguste, internis late,

flavo-marginatis. Rectrices supra nigrae flavo-viridi marginatae; subtus

pallidiores, omnibus, duabus mediis exceptis, macula flava lata apicali

notatis. Rostrum flavum, paulo altius, et magis carinatum, quam rostrum

M. viridis. Pedes nigri.

The dimensions of this bird are nearly the same as those of M. viridis:

the bill only slightly differing in being somewhat higher, and more

carinated. The above descriptions will point out the specific differences

between the two birds, which are strongly apparent, not merely by the M.

flavo-cinctus being marked with yellow where the other bird is white, but

by the general distribution of the colours. In this respect, M.

flavo-cinctus resembles more closely the true Orioles, particularly in

the yellow fascia which is formed on the wing, when closed by the

junction of the apical spots on the quill coverts.

8. Rallus philippensis. Lin. Syst. 1 263.7. Ind. Orn. 756. Bris. 5 163.

t. 14. f. 1. Plate Enl. 774.

This bird was found upon Booby Island, near Cape York (the north

extremity of New South Wales) and agrees with a specimen already in the

Linnean Society's collection, that was taken in the neighbourhood of Port

Jackson. My bird, being of smaller size than most of those with which I

have compared it, is probably a young specimen. The rufous band on the

breast is narrower than is usual in the species, originating probably

from the same circumstance: otherwise it agrees precisely.

Rallus philippensis was originally found in the Philippine Islands. It

appears to have a very extensive range, as it inhabits lands both in the

North and South Pacific, as well as in the Indian Ocean.

9. Haematopus picatus (n.s.)

H. ater; corpore subtus, fascia alarum, uropygio, caudaeque basi, albis;

remigibus primoribus totis nigris.

Rostrum pedesque rubri; collum totum nigrum; tectrices inferiores

primores fuscae, secondariae albae, ad carpum et ad marginem exteriorem

nigro-variegatae; fascia alarum angusta; remiges primores supra nigrae,

subtus fuscae; uropygium album parce nigro variegatum.

Longitudo corporis ab apice rostri ad apicem caadae, 22; alae a carpo ad

remigem primam, 11; rosri, 3 3/10; tarsi, 2 3/10; caudae, 5.

Besides the common Oyster-Catcher of Europe, two species have lately been

added to the genus, namely, H. palliatus, Temm., a native of Brazil, and

H. niger, Cuv., from New Holland. The bird above described approaches

more closely to the European species (H. ostralegus) than to the other

two; but may be distinguished from it by the following characters,

namely:

In its dimensions it exceeds the length of the European bird by six

inches, and the other parts in proportion; it wants the white collar

round the neck, which is a very distinctive character of H. ostralegus;

the fascia on the wing is confined to the extremity of the secondary

quill feathers alone, whilst in the other bird it extends to some of the

wing coverts: the primary quill feathers also are entirely black; whereas

the other has them partially variegated with white: the under wing

coverts also differ, the primary ones being fuscous, and the outer

secondary partially marked with black; whilst the whole of the under wing

coverts in H. ostralegus are white. The uropygium also, which in the

European bird is entirely white, is in our specimen partially variegated

with black. The marginal webs of the toes are much more dilated. The

whitish lunular mark under the eye of H. ostralegus, is entirely wanting

in our species, of which the margin of the eye seems to be of a reddish

tinge, of the same colour as the bill. This bird is common upon the

shores of the continent generally; it is called by the colonists the Red

Bill.

10. Aptenodytes minor. Gmel. Syst. 1 558.

The Little Penguin, Latham.

This bird is common in all parts of the Southern Ocean. The above

specimen was found at King George the Third's Sound near the south-west

extremity of New Holland. There are two specimens in the collection

marked 9 a, and 9 b.

11. Tachypetes aquila. Vieillot.

Pelecanus Aquila, Gmel. Lin. 1 572.

Frigate Bird.

This specimen was obtained at Ascension, and is common in all parts of

the Atlantic within or near the Tropic.

12. Sterna fuliginosa. Gmel. Lin. 1 605. Ind. Orn. 2 804.

Egg Bird, Forst. Voyage 1 115. Cook, Voyage 1 66, 275.

Noddy, Dampier, 3 pt. 1 99., table page 85. figure 5. Hawkesworth's Coll.

of Voyages, 3 652.

Sooty Tern, Gen. Syn. 6 352. Arc. Zool. 2 Number 447.

There are two specimens of this bird in the collection, marked 12 a, and

12 b.

13. Sterna pelecanoides (n.s.)

S. alba; capitis vertice nigro albo-variegato; dorso, alis, caudaque

canis; remigibus fusco-atris, rhachibus albis.

Colli latera parce cano-maculata; tectrices secundariae primoribus

obscuriores; remiges fusco-atrae, pogoniis internis fere ad apicem

albo-marginatis; rectrices externae fuscae basi apiceque albis; rostrum

subflavum; pedes nigri.

Longitudo corporis, 19 1/4; alae a carpo ad remigem primam, 13 1/2;

caudae, 6 3/4; rostri, ad frontem, 2 1/3, ad rictum, 3 1/6; tarsi, 1 1/6.

The hallux, or hind toe, of this bird appears to be more closely united

to the fore toes, and to be situated more in front than is usual among

the Terns: it is also to be observed, that the side of the nail of the

middle toe is considerably dilated, although not serrated, similar to

what is observed among the Pelecanidae. These characters offer a

corroboration of the affinity of the Sternae to the family of the

Pelecanidae, and particularly to the genus Phaeton, which approaches the

Terns more closely than any other group of that family, in the smaller

size of the membrane that unites the toes (see Linnean Transactions 14

505). It may also be stated on the other hand, that the same membrane of

the Sterna pelecanoides deviates from its own genus, and approaches the

Pelecanidae, in its being more dilated than usual. The wings are longer

than the tail for a considerable extent, by which our bird also evinces

another character, in common with the long-winged Tachypetes, or Frigate

bird.

14. Larus georgii (n.s.)

L. albus, dorso alisque nigris; rectricibus albis, fascia media atra.

Rostrum flavum, apice rubro; mandibulae inferioris gonide maxime

angulata; remiges primores atrae, secundariae supra nigrae apice albo,

infra albae; tectrices inferiores albae; pedes flavi.

Longitudo corporis, 28; alae, a carpo ad remigem primam 18 3/4;

mandibulae, superioris ad frontem, 2 1/3, ad rictum, 3 1/6; tarsi, 2

11/12; caudae, 8 1/2.

This bird was found at King George the Third's Sound, on the South-west

Coast, in the vicinity of Seal Island.

...

REPTILIA.

BY JOHN EDWARD GRAY, ESQUIRE, M.G.S.

Genus CHLAMYDOSAURUS. Gray.

Capite depresso; membrana tympani aperta.

Gula pennulis plicatis ornata.

Pedibus quatuor.

Digitis quinque, elongatis, simplicibus.

Cauda elongata, subcylindrica.

Animal scaly; the head depressed; the nostrils placed on the side, midway

between the eyes and the end of the head; the drum of the ear naked; the

front teeth conical, awl-shaped (eight in the upper, and four in the

lower jaw); the hinder ones largest; the side or cheek teeth compressed,

short, forming a single ridge, gradually longer behind; tongue short,

fleshy, with an oval smooth disk at each side of the lower part of its

front part; neck rather long, furnished on each side with a large plaited

frill, supported above by a crescent-shaped cartilage arising from the

upper hinder part of the ear, and, in the middle, by an elongation of the

side fork of the bone of the tongue; body compressed; legs rather long,

especially the hinder ones; destitute of femoral pores; feet four, with

five toes, the first having two, the second three, the third four, the

fourth five, and the little finger and toe three joints; claws

compressed, hooked; tail long, nearly round, scaly.

This genus appears to be nearly allied to the Agamae, but differs from

them in the peculiar frill that is appended to the neck.

1. Chlamydosaurus kingii (n.s.)

C. corpore luteo, nigro, variegato; squamis carinatis; pennula antice

serrata; cauda corpore duplo longiore.

Chlamydosaurus kingii, Gray manuscripts.

Icon. Table A. Natural size.

Inhabits Port Nelson, north-west coast of Australia.

The colour yellowish-brown variegated with black: the head depressed,

with the sides erect, leaving a blunt ridge on the upper part, in which

the eyes are placed: the ridge over the eyes covered with larger scales

than those over the head; eyes rather small, with a fleshy ridge above

them; eye-lids covered with minute, and surrounded by a delicate serrated

ridge of small upright scales: the lips surrounded by a row of oblong,

four-sided scales, arranged lengthways, the front scale of the upper lip

being the largest: the chin covered with narrow mid-ribbed scales, with a

five-sided one in the centre, and several of larger size just over the

front of the fork of the lower jaw: nostrils, surrounded by rather a

large orbicular scale, situated nearly mid-way between the eye and the

end of the upper jaw, the tubes pointing forwards: the side of the face

has a very obscure ridge extending from the angle of the mouth to the

under part of the ear: neck covered with small scales: frill arising from

the hinder part of the head, just over the front of the ears, and

attached to the sides of the neck and extending down to the front part of

the chest, supported above by a lunate cartilage arising from the hinder

dorsal part of the ear, and in the centre by a bone, which extends about

half its length: this bone appears to be an elongation of the side fork

of the bone of the tongue, but it could not be determined with certainty

without injuring the specimen; each frill has four plaits, which converge

on the under part of the chin, and fold it up on the side, and a fifth

where the two are united in the centre of the lower part of the neck; the

front part of its upper edge is elegantly serrated, but the hinder or

lower part is quite whole; the outer surface is covered with keeled

scales, which are largest towards its centre; the inner surface is quite

smooth. The scales of the back are oval, smoothish; those of the lower

part of the body and upper part of the legs acutely mid-ribbed, and of

the sides and joints of the limbs minute. The tail is twice as long as

the body, roundish, covered with acutely mid-ribbed scales, which towards

the end form six rows, so as to render it obscurely six-sided; the end is

blunt: the toes long, very unequal, varying in joints, as stated in the

generic character (which includes also the claw joint) compressed, scaly;

the claws hooked, horn-coloured.

Length of the tail: 12 inches.

Length of the body: 5 inches.

Length of the head: 5 1/2 inches.

Breadth of the head over the eyes: 1 inch.

Length of the thigh: 1 9/10 inches.

Length of the foot and sole: 2 2/10 inches.

Length of the outer edge of the frill: 10 inches.

This interesting lizard was found by Mr. Allan Cunningham, who

accompanied the expedition as His Majesty's Botanical Collector for Kew

Gardens, on the branch of a tree in Careening Bay, at the bottom of Port

Nelson. (See volume 1.) It was sent by him to Sir Everard Home, by whom

it was deposited in the Museum of the College of Surgeons,* which

precluded my examination of its internal structure.

(*Footnote. Upon application to the Board of Curators of the College, I

was permitted to have a drawing made of this curious and unique specimen

for the Appendix of my work. The plate was engraved by Mr. Curtis, from

an exceedingly correct drawing made by my friend, Henry C. Field,

Esquire. P.P.K.)

Respecting this remarkable Lizard, Mr. Cunningham's journal contains the

following remarks. "I secured a lizard of extraordinary appearance, which

had perched itself upon the stem of a small decayed tree. It had a

curious crenated membrane like a ruff or tippet round its neck, covering

its shoulders, and when expanded, which it was enabled to do by means of

transverse slender cartilages, spreads five inches in the form of an open

umbrella. I regret that my eagerness to secure so interesting an animal

did not admit of sufficient time to allow the lizard to show by its alarm

or irritability how far it depended upon, or what use it made of, this

extraordinary membrane when its life was threatened. Its head was rather

large, and eyes, whilst living, rather prominent; its tongue, although

bifid, was short and thick, and appeared to be tubular." Cunningham

manuscripts.

Captain King informs me, that the colour of the tongue and inside of the

mouth was yellow.

2. Uaranus varius, Merrem.

Lacerta varia, White, Journal of a Voyage to New Holland, 253, t. 38.

Shaw, Nat. Misc. t. 83.

Tupinambis variegatus, Daud. Rept. iij. 76.

Monitor bigarre, Cuv. Reg. Anim. ij. 24.

This species, better known to English Dealers under the name of The Lace

Lizard, is peculiar in having the two series of the scales, placed on the

upper part of the centre of the tail, raised into a biserrated ridge, and

in the outer toe, or rather thumb, of the hinder-foot being long, and

reaching to the penultimate distal joint of the first or longest toe; the

claws are compressed, sharp.

Genus PHELSUMA. Gray.

Pedes quatuor, digitis fere aequalibus, totis lobatis, muticis; poris

femoralibus distinctis.

Caput et truncus supra tesserulis minutis, infra squamis minimis, tecti.

This genus, which appears to be confined to the Isle of France, differs

from the rest of the Geckonidae, by the toes being dilated the whole

length, and entirely clawless, and covered beneath with transverse

scales; by the thumb being very small and indistinct, and by the thighs

being furnished with a series of minute pores.

3. Phelsuma ornata (n.s.).

P. supra plumbea macula, fasciaque rufa ornata, subtus albida.

Icon. --

Inhabits Isle of France.

Head depressed, truncated in front, covered with minute ovate scales; the

front of the upper part lead-coloured, with a rather broad red band a

little before the eyes, and a white crescent-shaped spot on each side

immediately behind it, and then some obscure red shades just behind that;

the back lead-coloured and blue, with six longitudinal series of

irregular-sized red spots; belly whitish; tail rather longer than the

body. Body one inch and five-eighths, head half an inch, tail two inches

and a half long.

This animal is very interesting, as being the second species of a genus

recently established, which only consisted of P. cepedia, the Gecko

cepedien of Peron; Cuv. Reg. Anim. 2 46. and 4 t. 5. f. 5.; which has

somewhat the manner of colouring, but is very distinct from the Gecko

ocellatus of Oppel.

Genus TILIQUA. Gray.

Pedes quatuor pentadactyli, poris femoralibus nullis.

Caput scutatum; dentes in palato nulli.

Truncus regulariter squamosus.

This genus is distinguished from the true Skinks by the want of Palatine

teeth, the shorter body, and the holes of the ears being furnished on

their front part with a fringe. It differs from the succeeding Genus,

Trachysaurus, in the head being covered with distinct flat plates, and

the whole of the body with cut hexangular scales; the scales are harder

than those of the true Skink, but not so distinctly bony as those of the

Trachysaurus.

4. Tiliqua tuberculata. Gray.

Lacerta scincoides. Shaw, Nat. Misc.

Lacerta occidua. var. Shaw, Zool. iij. 289.

Scincus tuberculatus, Merrem. Syst. Amph. 73.

Scincoid, or Skink-formed Lizard, White, Journal 242.

Icon. White, l. c. t. 30. Shaw, N. M. t. 179; Zool. iij. t. 81.

This Lizard, which was first described in the excellent journal of Mr.

White, does not appear to be uncommon on the coast of Australia, as there

are several specimens both in the British Museum and in the collection of

the Linnean Society, that were probably taken in the neighbourhood of the

colony; the specimen before me was caught at Seal Island, in King George

the Third's Sound.

The scales of the whole of the body are broad, hexangular, with five or

six longitudinal, slightly-raised ridges, which gradually taper, and are

lost just before they reach the margin. The legs are short, thick; the

toes of the fore-feet are rather short, the outer reaching to the middle

of the second, the second and third equal; the fourth reaching to the

last joint of the third, and the little one to the second joint of the

fourth finger. In the hind foot the first and third toe are nearly equal,

and only half as long as the second; the fourth only half as long as the

third; and the fifth about half the length of the fourth toe.

Genus TRACHYSAURUS. Gray.

Pedes quatuor pentadactyli.

Caput sub-scutatum, dentes in palato nulli.

Truncus supra sqoamis crassis elongatis subspinosis, infra hexagonis

membranaceis imbricatis, tectus.

Cauda brevis, depressa.

This genus is at once distinguished from the former, and indeed from the

whole of the Scincidae, by the large hard scales that cover the back of

the body and head; which are formed of distinct triangular long plates,

rough on the outside, and covered with a membranaceous skin. The body

shields of the head pass gradually into the dorsal plates. The teeth

short, thick, and conical; the palate toothless. The belly and lower

surface of the tail are covered with large six-sided scales, like the

other genera of the family. The head is rather large, triangular. The

legs short, weak; the toes very short, covered only with as many scales

as there are joints; the outer and innermost being about half as long as

the three central toes, which are nearly of equal length; claws short,

conical, channelled beneath. The tail short, depressed.

5. Trachysaurus rugosus (n.s.)

T. squamis dorsi rugosis, caudae subspinosis; cauda brevissima.

The body nearly uniform, chestnut brown; the head depressed with the

scales convex, and more nearly of an equal size than usual: those round

the eyes and mouth large; the three anterior scales on the edge of the

lower jaw larger than those which cover the lower surface of the head,

body, and tail, which are uniform, distinct, large, and membranaceous:

the scales of the back are nearly of equal size with those covering the

commencement of the tail; they are furnished with a prominent midrib, and

end in a point. The legs very short, compressed, covered with nearly

smooth, rather thin, scales. The toes very short; claws rather thick, and

short. The tail about half the length of the body.

Head, three inches long.

Body, seven inches.

Tail, four inches.

Only one specimen of this exceedingly interesting animal was brought home

by Captain King, but the spirits in which it had been preserved had

unfortunately evaporated, so that it was considerably injured; there is,

however, a specimen, apparently of the same animal, in the collection of

the Linnean Society, which wants the end of its tail.

The above specimen was found at King George the Third's Sound, and is

preserved in the Museum.

6. Agama muricata. Daud.

Lacerta muricata, Shaw, in White's Journal of a Voyage to New South

Wales, 244.

Lacerta Agama, var. ? Shaw, Gen. Zool. iij. 211.

Muricated Lizard, Shaw.

Icon. Shaw, Gen. Zool. t. 65, and White's Journal t. 31. f. 2.

This lizard was first described in Mr. White's Journal, by the late Dr.

Shaw, who paid particular attention to that class of animals; but he was

afterwards inclined to consider it as only a variety of the common

Lacerta agama, or American Galeote, from which, however, it is quite

distinct.

It appears to be a young specimen, since its length is only seven inches,

whilst that described by Dr. Shaw was more than a foot in length; and

some have been caught even of a much larger size. The Doctor's figure is

remarkably good, but rather more spinous than the specimen under

examination, which is probably another proof of its youth. It was taken

and preserved by Mr. James Hunter, R.N., who accompanied Captain King as

surgeon during the Mermaid's third voyage, and has been presented by him

to the British Museum.

7. Disteira doliata. Lacepede, Ann. de Museum, D'Hist. Nat. 4 199. 210.

Enhydris doliatus, Merrem, Syst. Amph. 140.

Icon. Lacep. Ann. Mus. 4 t. 57. f. 2.

The series of small hexagonal shields on the abdomen of this curious

animal appears to be formed of two series of scales united laterally. The

length of the specimen brought home by Captain King exceeds four feet.

The figure by M. Lacepede seems to be too short, but his description

agrees admirably with our specimen, which has been presented to the

British Museum.

8. Leptophis* punctulatus (n.s.).

N. squamis laevibus apice uni-indentatis, spinae dorsalis triangularibus;

cauda quadrantali, tenui, squamis aequalibus.

(*Footnote. I have adopted Mr. Bell's manuscript name for this genus

since his paper was read at the Zoological club of the Linnean Society,

before the publication of my genera of Reptiles in the Annals of

Philosophy, where I erroneously considered it as synonymous with Dr.

Leach's genus Macrosoma instead of my Ahaetulla. J.E.G.)

Scales uniform, pale brown, with a minute black dot impressed on the

apex: body slender, compressed: abdominal scutae rather broad. The series

of scales on the side next to the ventral plates ovate and blunt; those

on the sides narrow, linear, in five series; the series of scales along

the centre of the back long, triangular. This arrangement of the scales

gradually assumes a uniform appearance on the neck close to the head,

where they are ovate. Head rather long with nine plates, frontal plate

being divided; the snout very blunt, truncated; the upper central labial

scale octangular, with a deep concavity on the labial margin; the

anterior and posterior mental scales long. The tail one-fourth the length

of the body, covered with uniform ovate quadrangular scales. Length, four

feet.

This species appears to have a considerable affinity to the genus named

Macrosoma by Dr. Leach, but not described by him, and is very much like

Coluber decorus of Shaw. It belongs to the group called by English

Zoologists, Whip Snakes.

The specimen above described was taken by Mr. James Hunter, at Careening

Bay, on the north coast, and presented by him to the British Museum.

9. Leptophis spilotus.

Coluber spilotus, Lacepede, Ann. Mus. iv 209.

A specimen of this snake was brought home by Captain King, agreeing very

well with the short description given by Lacepede, in his account of some

new species of animals from New Holland. It has not been taken notice of

in the modern works on Reptiles. It may, perhaps, be distinct from it;

but upon considering that upwards of two hundred species of this genus

have been already described, I thought it best not to increase the number

without very good reason. This species forms a second section in the

genus Leptophis, on account of the form of its scales, particularly those

of the throat.

Captain King has informed me that turtles of two or three kinds are

common on the coasts of Australia, particularly within the tropic; and

Alligators were seen, in great abundance, in the rivers of the northern

and north-western coasts, particularly in those that empty themselves

into the bottom of Van Diemen's Gulf; but as no specimens of either of

these animals were preserved, no further notice can be taken of them.*

(*Footnote. The turtle that frequents the North-east Coast, in the

neighbourhood of Endeavour River, is a variety of the Testudo mydas. See

Banks and Solander manuscripts.)

...

PISCES.

BY JOHN EDWARD GRAY, ESQUIRE, M.G.S.

1. Tetraodon argenteus. Lacepede, Ann. Mus. 4 203.

Icon. Ann. Mus. l.c. t. 58. f. 2.

2. Chironectes tuberosus, G. Cuvier, Mem. Mus. 3 432.

Icon. --

There are two other species of this genus in Captain King's collection,

which appear to be new.

3. Balistes australis. Donovan. Naturalist. Repos. 26.

Icon. l.c.

4. Teuthis australis (n.s.).

T. fusca, fasciis sexta transversis nigro-fuscis, cauda truncata.

Icon. --

Body brown, paler beneath, with six transverse blackish-brown bands; the

first placed across the eye and front angle of the gill flap; the second

obliquely across the pectoral fin, and the three next, nearly

equidistant, straight across the body, the last band placed between the

spine and the base of the rays of the tail; and with a black longitudinal

line between the eyes. Teeth flat, rather broad, rounded at the end, and

denticulated. The gills flat, unarmed; pectoral fin subacute, triangular;

ventral fin triangular, supported by a very strong first ray; dorsal and

anal fins rounded. Tail truncated, spine on the side of the tail very

distinct, imbedded in a sheath.

Pectoral fin, fifteen rays, first very short: Ventral fin, five rays, one

very strong, short. Dorsal fin, thirty-one; anterior very strong, first

short. Anal fin, twenty-three; two first very strong and short. Caudal

fin, sixteen rays, divided.

Body 3; tail 1 1/4 inches long. Body 2 3/4 high; dorsal fin 3/4; pectoral

fin 1 1/4 inches long.

This fish belongs to the Genus Acanthurus of Bloch, adopted by Shaw

(Harpurus, of Forster) but as that genus is apparently formed from the

type of Linnaeus' Genus, Teuthis, I have adopted the latter name for

those Chetodons which have one spine on each side of the tail, and

Acanthurus for those that have two. They are usually called Lancet-fish,

from the curious structure of the sub-caudal spines.

Captain King has presented to the Museum seven or eight other sorts of

fish, in spirits, and several interesting drawings, which I have not

hitherto been enabled to find in any of the works on Ichthyology, but so

little is known of the genera and species of this department of Natural

History, that I am not inclined to describe them as new, for fear of

increasing the confusion at present existing.

Among the unnamed fish, there is one exactly similar to a species found

by my late friend Mr. Cranch, in the South Atlantic.

5. Squalus ocellatus. Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1494.

Squalus oculatus. Banks and Solander, manuscripts.

6. Squalus glaucus.

Captain King observes, this fish is frequently found in the neighbourhood

of the coast.

7. Squalus. Captain King in his manuscripts observes, that a species of

shark was observed commonly near the shores, having a short nose, with a

very capacious mouth; the body was of an ash grey colour, marked with

darker spots, of a round shape, and about two inches in diameter. This

shark was usually ten or eleven feet long.

...

ANNELIDES.

1. Leodice gigantea. Savigny Syst. des Annel. page 49. Lam. 5 322.

Eunice gigantea, Cuv. Reg. Anim. 2 524.

Nereis aphroditois, Pall. Nov. Act. Petrop. 2 229. table 5. figure 1.7.

Terebella aphroditois, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 3114.

The specimen brought by Captain King is nearly five feet long, and was

procured at the Isle of France.

...

ANNULOSA.

CATALOGUE OF INSECTS, COLLECTED BY CAPTAIN KING, R.N.

BY WILLIAM SHARP MACLEAY, ESQUIRE, A.M., F.L.S.

The collection consists of one hundred and ninety-two species, of which

one hundred and thirty belong to the class Mandibulata, fifty-eight to

Haustellata, and four to the Arachnida. Eighty-one of the species are

new, and the extent to which each order of winged insects has been

collected, will be best understood from the following summary.

COLUMN 1: MANDIBULATA.

COLUMN 2: HAUSTELLATA.

108 Coleoptera : 40 Lepidoptera.

8 Orthoptera : 2 Homoptera.

5 Neuroptera : 8 Hemiptera.

9 Hymenoptera : 8 Diptera.

Total 188 Species.

This number is, of course, not sufficient to allow any general remarks to

be founded on the collection, and the following Catalogue is, therefore,

merely descriptive.

CLASS MANDIBULATA.

Order COLEOPTERA.

1. Panagaeus quadrimaculatus. Oliv. Enc. Meth. Hist. Nat.

Obs. There is a wretched figure of this insect given in the fourth volume

of Cuvier's Regne Animal.

2. Paecilus kingii (n.s.) P. atronitidus, antennis tomentosis obscuris,

basi et apice piceis, labri margine antico palpisque rufo-piceis, thorace

linea media longitudinali vix marginem

posticum attingente fossulaque utrinque postica, elytris striatis vix

atro-aeneis tibiis ad apicem tarsisque atro-piceis.

3. Gyrinus rufipes. Fab. Syst. Eleuth. page 276. 13.

Obs. The description of this species, as given by Fabricius is very

vague; but as it applies tolerably well to the insect collected by

Captain King, I have not thought proper to give it a new name.

4. Silpha lacrymosa. Schreiber, in Linnean Transactions 6 194. t. 20, f.

5.

5. Creophilus erythrocephalus.

Staphylinus erythrocephalus. Fab. Syst. Eleuth. 2 593. 19.

6. Hister cyaneus. Fab. Syst. Eleuth. 1 page 88. 13.

7. Hister. speciosus. Dej. Cat. page 48.

8. Passalus polyphyllus (n.s.) P. ater depressiusculus, antennis

sex-lamellatis, vertice tuberculis tribus, intermedio majore compressa

linearum superiorem duarum elevatarum transversarum dissecante, thoracis

lateribus rufo-ciliatis, elytrorum striis lateralibus punctatis.

9. Passalus edentulus (n.s.) P. ater convexiusculus antennis triphyllis,

verticis cornu elevato incurva canaliculato apice emarginato, tuberculo

utrinque acuto, elytrorllm striis subpunctatis, mandibulis concavis extus

dentatis.

Obs. This insect is much less in size than the former, and is more

convex.

10. Lamprima aenea. Horae Entom. 1 page 101. 3.

11. Dasygnathus dejeanii. Horae Entom. 1 page 141. 1.

12. Trox alternans (n.s.) T. capite antice linea angulati elevata

marginato, thorace lineis quatuor mediis elevatis, exterioribus

interruptis tuberculisque utrinque duobus inaequalibus, elytris

tuberculis striatim dispositis, striis alternatim majoribus.

13. Melolontha festiva. Fab. Syst. Eleuth. 2 171. page 63.

Obs. This most beautiful insect ought to be considered as the type of a

new genus near to Serica.

14. Diphucephala sericea. Kirby, in Linnean Transactions 12 page 463.

Obs. This genus I had named Agrostiphila in my manuscripts, but M. Dejean

has since published it under the name of Diphucephala.

15. Diphucephala splendens (n.s.). D. viridis nitidissima antennis

palpisque nigris, capite antice thoracisque lateribus subpunctatis, media

canaliculato, elytris punctis rugosis seriatim dispositis, corpore subtus

hirsutie incano.

An Melolontha colaspidoides, Schon. App. 101. ?

16. Cetonia variegata. Fab. Syst. Eleuth. 2 page 157. 112.

C. luctuosa. Lat. in Cat. Mus. Gall.

Obs. This insect is an inhabitant of the Isle of France, and was probably

collected by Captain King during his stay in that island.

17. Cetonia australasiae. Donov. Ins. of New Holland, table 1.

18. Cetonia dorsalis. Donov. Ins. of New Holland, table 1.

19. Anoplognathus viridiaeneus. Horae. Ent. 1 page 144. 1.

20. Anoplognathus viriditarsis. Leach. Zool. Miscel. 2 44.

21. Anoplognathus rugosus. Kirby, Linnean Transactions 12 405.

22. Anoplognathus inustus. Kirby, Linnean Transactions 12 405.

23. Repsimus aeneus.

Melolontha aenea. Fab. Syst. Eleuth. 2 page 166. 30.

24. Repsimus dytiscoides. Horae. Entom. 1 page 144. 2.

25. Buprestis macularis.

Buprestis macularia. Don. Ins. of New Holland, table 8.

26. Buprestis imperialis. Fab. Syst. Eleuth. 2 page 204. 98.

27. Buprestis suturalis. Don. Ins. of New Holland, table 8.

28. Buprestis variabilis. Don. Ins. of New Holland, table 7.

29. Buprestis kingii (n.s.) B. elytris striatis nigro-violaceis

testaceo-quadrifasciatis haud bidentatis, thorace punctato nigro-aeneo

lateribus testaceis.

Obs. This species comes perhaps too near to some of the darker varieties

of B. variabilis, of the true appearance of which scarcely any idea can

be formed from the figures of Donovan. Our insect bears a remarkable

similarity to a Surinam Buprestis, with serrated elytra.

30. Buprestis bimaculata. Lin. Syst. Nat. 2 662. 16. Oliv. Ins. 2 32,

table 12, figure 140.

Obs. This is an East Indian Insect; and, as Captain King collected a few

species in the Isle of France, this is probably one of them.

31. Buprestis fissiceps. Kirby, in Linnean Transactions 12 page 458,

table 23, figure 4.

32. Buprestis lapidosa (n.s.) B. cuprea scabrosa thorace lineis duabus

parallelis longitudinalibus elevatis, elytris integris subacuminatis

substriatis inter tuberculos punctatis, corpore subtus aeneo.

33. Elater xanthomus (n.s.) E. ater antennis apicem versus dilatatis

serratis, thorace punctato canaliculato, elytris punctatis striatis

pubescentibus basi late auratis dimidiatis.

Obs. This insect is about four lines long, and entirely black, except the

upper half of the elytra.

34. Elater nigro-terminatus (n.s.) E. luteus cavite antennisque atris,

thorace convexo macula longitudinali sub-acuminata a margine antico ultra

medium attingente, elytris punctato~striatis apice late nigris, anoque

nigro.

Obs. This insect is about the same length with the former, having its

feet and underside entirely yellow, excepting the head and a black anal

spot, something like the letter V.

35. Lycus serraticornis. Fab. Syst. Eleuth. volume 2 1ll. 6.

36. Lycus septemcavus (n.s.) L. ater thorace parabolico fossulis septem,

quatuor anticis fere aequalibus, posticarum media angusta lanciformi,

duabus lateralibus latis antice emarginatis. Scutello quadrato nigro;

elytrls rubris marginatis lineis quatuor elevatis, interstitiis duplici

serie punctorum transversorum crenatis.

37. Lycus rhipidium (n.s.) L. ater antennis fiabellatis; thorace angulis

porrectis obtusis, fossulis septem, posticarum trium media longitudinali

lanciformi; scutello quadrato nigro; elytris rubris marginatis lineis

novem elevatis, quatuor alternatim majoribus, interstitiis crenatis.

38. Telephorus pulchellus (n.s.) T. capite thoraceque nigro-nitidis,

hujus margine postico late rufo, elytris viridi-caeruleis tomentosis

punctatis ad suturam marginatis, corpore pedibusque nigris abdomine

subtus rufo.

39. Malachius verticalis, (n.s.) M. rufo-testaceus vertice antennisque

apice nigro-nitidis, thorace testaceo. elytris fascia humerali mediaque

violaceis, postpectore pedibus anoque nigris.

40. Clerus cruciatus (n.s.) C. testacea tomentosa, capite thoracis

lateribus elytrorumque maculis duabus longitudinalibus, quarum postica

latiori, nigris, elytris striato-punctatis apice rufescentibus, antennis

piceis. pedibus palpisque pallidis.

41. Oedemera livida. Oliv. Ins. 50, table 1 figure 2.

Dryops livida. Fab. Syst. Eleuth. 2 68. 3.

42. Oedemera lineata. Oliv. Ins. 50, table 1 figure 4.

Dryops lineata. Fab. Syst. Eleuth. 2 68. 4.

Obs. I suspect this insect to be merely a variety of the former species.

43. Oedemera punctum (n.s.) Oe. flavo-nitida antennis obscuris, fronte

puncto atro-nitido impresso, thorace lunula utrinque atro-nitida

impresso, scutello flavo, elytris nigro-fuscis limbo et sutura testaceis,

geniculis tibiis tarsisque nigris.

44. Lagria tomentosa. Fab. Syst. Eleuth. volume 2 page 70. 9.

45. Lagria rufescens. Dej. Cat. 72.

46. Cistela securigera (n.s.) C. subtus picea supra brunnea pubescens,

antennis apice palporumque articulo ultimo securiformi nigris, elytris

punctis crenatis striatis.

47. Amarygmus tristis.

Cnodulon triste. Fab. Syst. Eleuth. 2 page 13. 4.

Obs. The characters of this genus are given by Fabricius under the head

of Cnodulon, but the true Cnodulon of M. Latreille is a native of St.

Domingo, and a different genus of which the characters are to be found in

the Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum. The genus has, however, been of

late more accurately investigated by Dalman, in his Analecta

Entomologica, and he has given it the name of Amarygmus.

48. Amarygmus viridicollis (n.s.) A. convexiusculus capite thoraceque

viridi-caeruleis, elytris cupreis striato-punctatis, corpore subtus

chalybeo pedibusque nigris.

49. Amarygmus velutinus (n.s.) A. atro-nitidus glaberrimus labri margine

rubro, elytris nigro-aeneis punctorum striis minutissimis.

Obs. This beautiful insect is one of the largest of a genus which

contains a great number of species.

50. Adelium calosoioides. Kirby, in Linnean Transactions 12 page 420. 57.

table 22. figure 2.

51. Adelium caraboides. Kirby, in Linnean Transactions 12 page 466. 17.

52. Phalidura mirabilis.

Curculio mirabilis. Kirby, in Linnean Transactions 12 469. 21. table 23,

figure 9.

Obs. The characters of this most singular genus Phalidura are chiefly to

be found in the broken clavate antennae, short thick rustrum, connate

elytra, and singular anal forceps of the male.

53. Phalidura kirbii (n.s.) P. nigro-fusca clypeo subfurcato utrinque

canaliculato, thorace confertim noduloso, elytris lineis elevatis

interstitiis crenatis lateribusque punctato-striatis.

54. Phalidura draco (n.s.) P. atrofusca vertice concavo cruce impresso,

clypeo emarginato, thorace depresso utrinque dilatato dentato margine

antico tuberculato tuberculourmque lineis quatuor duabus mediis

longitudinalibus, elytris punctis elevatis scabrosis utrinque dentibus

acutis seriatim armatis, lateribus seriatim nudulosis medioque linea

tuberculorum sub-duplici instructo.

Obs. This and the following species are not true Phalidurae; at least

neither appears to have the anal forceps, but as they come close in

affinity to the genus Phalidura, I have not for the present ventured to

give them a new generic name.

55. Phalidura marshami. Kirby, in Linnean Transactions 12 436. 77.

Obs. This insect appears to be a Chrysolopus in M. Dejean's Catalogue.

56. Hybauchenia nodulosa (n.s.) H. atra capite laevi vel punctis

minutissimis impresso, clypeo canaliculato, thorace irregulariter

noduloso, elytris sutura laeviori punctis que elevatis striatis striis

duabus a sutura alternatim majoribus.

Obs. I regret that I am not able to give the detailed characters of this

genus at present. I shall merely, therefore, say that it has the broken

clavate antennae of Phalidura, only they are here longer than the head

and thorax taken together. The body is very convex:, having the thorax as

wide as the abdomen, subquadrate, with very convex sides. Abdomen joined

to thorax by a distinct peduncle. Elytra very convex, with almost

perpendicular sides. Feet long, with rather incrassated femora.

57. Chrysolopus spectabilis.

Curculio spectabilis. Fab. Syst. Eleuth. 2 537. 184.

58. Chrysolupus echidna (n.s.) C. atrofuscus vertice trilineato, thorace

punctis scabro medio concavo subcarinato lineis utrinque elevatis,

elytris crenatis seriebus spinarum duabus interiori anum versus

abbreviata; spinis anticis depressis obtusis, posticis acutis.

C. echidna. Dej. Cat. 88.

59. Chrysolopus tuberculatus (n.s.) C. fuscus vertice lineato, thorace

punctis scabro medio canaliculato, elytris punctis seriatim impressis,

tuberculorumque seriebus tribus minutis interiori abbreviata; tuberculo

postico suturali maximo.

60. Chrysolopus quadridens.

Curculio 4-dens. Fab. Syst. Eleuth. 2 536. 175.

Obs. The three last species can scarcely be considered to belong to the

same genus with C. spectabilis; but I follow M. Dejean until the whole

family be more accurately investigated.

61. Gastrodus crenulatus.

Curculio crenulatus. Fab. Syst. Eleuth. 2 518. 64.

62. Gastrodus albolineatus (n.s.) G. niger thorace scabriusculo rugis

transversis duabus lineaque laterali alba, elytris nigris

striato-punctatis sutura striaque media elevatis laevibus linea laterali

alba haud apicem attingente, apice rufescente albo-punctato.

63. Festus rubripes (n.s.) F. niger capite linea transversa constricto;

vertice lineis quatuor elevatis clypeoque tribus, antennis piceis clava

obscura, thorace punctis elevatis scabro: elytris punctis impressis

striatis, punctis conspicuis argenteo-squamigeris pedibus rufis geniculis

obscuris.

Obs. I am doubtful whether this insect truly belongs to Megerle's genus

Festus. The antennae are much shorter than in Pachygaster.

64. Cenchroma lanuginosa. Dej. Cat. page 95.

65. Cenchroma obscura (n.s.) C. nigra squamis cinereis asperga clypeo

lineis duabus mediis approximatis elevatis lateribus albis, thorace

canaliculato, elytris punctis impressis striatis squamisque cinereis

subaureis praesertim ad latera aspersis, corpore subtus ad latera

pedibusque albo-squamosis.

66. Curculio cultratus. Fab. Syst. Eleuth. 2 586. 173.

Oliv. Ins. 83. figure 157.

Obs. This is a new genus of the Curculionidae, but as I am not able in

this place to give the characters of it, I prefer to cite the insect

under its Fabrician title.

67. Rhynchaenus cylindrirostris. Fab. Syst. Eleuth. 2 463. 125.

Oliv. Ins. 83, figure 128.

Obs. This insect is altogether as different from the true Rhynchaeni, as

the preceding one is from the true Curculiones.

68. Rhynchaenus bidens. Fab. Syst. Eleuth. 2 457. 96.

Oliv. Ins. 83. figure 113.

Obs. This is also not a true Rhynchaenus, but is a very singular insect

in appearance, as the acute spine, which rises from each elytron, appears

to be its peculiar defence against entomological collectors.

69. Eurhinus scabrior. Kirby. in Linnean Transactions 12 page 428. 65.

70. Rhinotia haemoptera. Kirby, in Linnean Transactions 12 page 426.

71. Orthorhynchus suturalis (n.s.) O. nigro-fuscus punctis impressus

vertice ad oculos albo-bilineato, thorace fossula postica media alba,

elytris ad suturam linea pilis alba, corpore subtus lateribus albis.

72. Carpophagus banksiae (n.s.) C. nigro-fuscus pilis albis aspersus

capite thoraceque punctatis linea media glabra divisis, scutello cinereo,

elytris rugosis lineis quatuor subelevatis, corpore subtus pedibusque

cinereo-sericeis.

Table B. figure 1.

Obs. This curious insect is said to be found on the Banksia, and would

probably, with Linnaeus, have been a Bruchus. The following are the

characters of this new genus.

CARPOPHAGUS (novum genus.)

Antennae ante oculos insertae filiformes articulo basilari crassiori,

secundo subgloboso brevissimo, ultimo apice conico acuto,

Labrum semicirculare margine antico integro rotundato ciliato.

Mandibulae validae corneae arcuatae, intus apicem versus subsinuatae

edentulae basin versus ciliatae vel submembranaceae.

Maxillae basi corneae processubus duobus membranaceis apicem versus

instructae, lobo externo vel apicali ovali extus ciliato; interno

tenuiori lanciformi apice acuto.

Palpi maxillares breves crassi vix ultra maxillarum apicem extensi,

quadriarticulati articulo stipitali vix conspicuo secundo obconico tertio

subgloboso breviori ultimo ovali obtuso.

Palpi labiales triarticulati articulo stipitali minimo, secundo obconico

longiore, ultimo crassiori ovato, apice truncato.

Labium obcordatum basi corneum angustius apice membranaceum medio

emarginatum ciliatum lobo utrinque rotundato.

Mentum semicirculare antice rotundatum medio emarginato sive edentulo.

Caput porrectum oculis prominulis thorace angustiua clypeo quadrato

vertice inter oculos fossulis duabus antice convergentibus. Thorax haud

marginatus lateribus haud rotundatis subcylindricus antice angustius,

postice sublobatus. Scutellum tuberculare mucronatum. Abdomen thorace

duplo latius. Elytra convexa humeris eminentibus postice divergentia

rotundata. Pedes pentameri articulis tribus tarsorum primis ciliatis

pulvillatis dilatatis, tertio bilobo, quarto brevissimo et quinto

tenuibus obconicis, hoc biunguiculato. Femora postica valde incrassata

intus unidentata; dente magno. Tibiae posticae compressae apice

dilatatae.

73. Megamerus kingii (n.s.) M. nigro-fuscus labro palpisque piceis

thorace vix punctato postice rugoso, elytris rugis vel punctis

confluentibus substriatis fossula ad humeros profunda lineaque suturali

impressis, corpore subtus pilis sub-sericeo pedibusque concoloribus.

Table B. figure 2.

Obs. This singular insect has an affinity to Sagra, but differs from that

genus in having setiform antennae, porrect mandibles, and securiform

palpi. Its habit is also totally different from that of a Sagra, and more

like that of some of those insects which belong to the heterogeneous

magazine called Prionus. It is, undoubtedly, the most singular and novel

form in Captain King's collection, and forms a new genus, of which the

characters are as follow.

MEGAMERUS (novum genus).

Antennae inter oculos insertae filiformes vel potius setaceae articulo

basilari crassiori secundo subgloboso brevissimo apicali acuto.

Labrum transverso-quadratum antice submembranaceum tomentosum

subemarginatum.

Mandibulae exertae porrectae supra convexiusculae lunulatae vel

falciformes dorso subsinuatae apice vel extus oblique truncatae

acutissimae.

Maxillae basi corneae processubus duobus submembranaceis apicem versus

instructae, lobo externo vel apicali ovali extus ciliato, interno

tenuiori apice subacuto margineque interno vix unidentato.

Palpi maxillares quadriarticulati, articulo stipitali minimo inconspicuo,

secundo obconico longo duobus ultimis simul sumptis longitudine fere

aequali, tertio obconico crassiori, ultimo securiformi compressa.

Palpi labiales triarticulati articulo stipitali minimo inconspicuo,

secundo longo obconico setis quibusdam ad apicem instructo, tertio

triangulari compresso vel securiformi.

Labium membranaceum cordatam antice bilobum, lobis elongatis ciliatis

interno latere rectilineari extus ad apicem rotundatis.

Mentum semicirculare antice rotundatum margine antico emarginato.

Caput porrectum oculis prominentibus thorace haud angustius. Thorax

convexus antice posticeque marginatus lateribus rotundatis haud

marginatis. Scutellum triangulare subacutum. Abdomen thorace fere duplo

latius. Elytra humeris eminentibus marginatis, lateribus parallelis.

Pedes pentameri articulis tribus tarsorom primis ciliatis pulvillatis

dilatatis, penultimo bilobo, ultimo tenui biunguiculato. Femora postica

valde incrassata intus unidentata. Tibiae posticae compressae apice

dilatatae angulo externo acuto.

Obs. The structure of the tarsus in this genus, so near in affinity to

Carpophagus and Sagra, has led me to investigate more minutely the tarsus

in the tetramerous and trimerous insects of the French entomologists, and

the result has been that the arrangement given in the third volume of M.

Cuvier's Regne Animal, is discovered to be as erroneous in point of

description, as it is inconsistent with natural affinities.

74. Prionus bidentatus. Don. Ins. of New Holland, table 6.

75. Prionus fasciatus. Don. Ins. of New Holland, table 6.

76. Prionus spinicollis (n.s.) P. piceus antennis filiformibus basi

nigris articulo ultimo vix crassiore, capite fusco tomentoso, thorace

nigro-fusco punctis scabroso, lateribus spinulosus, in medio postice

carina laevi tuberculoque utrinque magno compressa scabro; scutello piceo

nigro-marginato, elytris testaceis punctulatis substriatis apice

unidentatis, pectoris lateribus rufo-tomentosis.

77. Distichocera maculicollis. Kirby, in Linnean Transactions 12.

78. Distichocera ? rubripennis (n.s.) D. rufo-testacea subtomentosa,

capitis lateribus oreque nigris, vertice canaliculato, antennis nigris

articulis vix biramosis ramis sinistris brevissimis, thorace atro vitta

utrinque rufotestacea, scutello nigro, elytris rufo-testaceis tomentosis

apice obtusis dehiscentibus, corpore cuneiformi subtus villo argenteo

micante, abdomine utrinque nigro maculato, pedibus nigris.

Obs. This insect may be considered a Molorchus with elytra as long as its

wings; and it, therefore, evidently connects this genus with

Distichocera.