a paste-board shape, and rises to a great height above the head,
frequently diminishing in size towards the top, where it finishes in
a circular form. Two long lappets hang from either side towards the
back, composed often of the finest lace. The bourgoins throughout
Normandy are not alike."--_Mrs. Stothard's Tour in Normandy._
[595] This must have included Honfleur and other surrounding localities.
By a paper on the lace trade (_Mém. concernant le Commerce des
Dentelles_, 1704. Bib. Nat. MSS. F. Fr. 14,294), we find that the
making of "dentelles de bas prix," employed at Rouen, Dieppe, Le
Havre, and throughout the Pays de Caux, the Bailliage of Caen, at
Lyons, Le Puy, and other parts of France, one quarter of the
population of all classes and ages from six to seventy years. These
laces were all made of Haarlem thread. See HOLLAND.
"The lace-makers of Havre," writes Peuchet, "work both in black and
white points, from 5 sous to 30 francs the ell. They are all
employed by a certain number of dealers, who purchase the produce of
their pillows. Much is transported to foreign countries, even to the
East Indies, the Southern Seas, and the islands of America."
[596] _Dictionnaire Géographique._ T. Corneille. 1707.
[597] _Gravures de Modes._ Arch. Nat. M., 815-23.
[598] "1683. Deux housses de toille piquée avec dentelle du Havre deux
camisolles de pareille toille et de dentelle du Havre."--_Inv. fait
après le decedz de Monseigneur Colbert._ Bib. Nat. MSS. Suite de
Mortemart, 34.
[599] "1651. Un tour d'autel de dentelle du Havre."--_Inv. des meubles de
la Sacristie de l'Oratoire de Jesus, à Paris._ Bib. Nat. MSS. F. F.
8621.
"1681. Une chemisette de toile de Marseille picquée garnye de
dentelle du Havre."--_Inv. d'Anne d'Escoubleau de Sourdis, veuve de
François de Simiane._ Arch. Nat. M. M. 802.
[600] "Les ouvriers n'étant apparemment rappelés par aucune possession
dans cette ville, lorsqu'elle fut rétablie, ils s'y sont établis et
ont transmis leur travail à la postérité."--Peuchet.
[601] Point de Dieppe appears among the already-quoted lace boxes of 1688.
[602] _Mémoires pour servir à l'Histoire de la Ville de Dieppe_, composés
en l'année 1761, par Michel-Claude Gurbert. P. 99.
[603] _Mémoires Chronologiques pour servir à l'Histoire de Dieppe_, par M.
Desmarquets. 1785.
[604] _Notices sur Dieppe, Arques_, etc., par P. J. Feret. 1824.
[605] Peuchet, of Dieppe, says: "On ne fait pas la dentelle en roulant les
fuseaux sur le coussin, mais en l'y jetant."
[606] _Almanach de Dieppe pour 1847._
The Author has to express her thanks to Soeur Hubert, of the École
d'Apprentissage de Dentelle, and M. A. Morin, Librarian at Dieppe,
for their communications.
[607] Arch. Nat. X. 10,086.
[608] "The silk came from Nankin by way of London or the East, the black
silk called 'grenadine' was dyed and prepared at Lyons, the thread
was from Haarlem."--Roland de la Platière.
[609] Page 213.
[610] Letter from Edgar McCulloch, Esq., Guernsey.
[611] Blondes appear also to have been made at Le Mans:--
"Cette manufacture qui etoit autrefois entretenue à l'hôpital du
Mans, lui rapportoit un benefice de 4,000 à 5,000 fr. Elle est bien
tombée par la dispersion des anciennes soeurs
hospitalières."--_Stat. du Dép. de la Sarthe_, par le Citoyen L.-M.
Auvray. An X.
[612] The handkerchief of "Paris net" mentioned by Goldsmith.
[613] In the Dép. du Nord, by Jean-Ph. Briatte. "Its fall was owing to the
bad faith of imitators, who substituted a single thread of bad
quality for the double twisted thread of the country."--Dieudonné,
_Statistique de Dép. du Nord_.
In the _Mercure Galant_ for June, 1687, we find the ladies wear
cornettes à la jardinière "de Marly."
[614] _L'Industrie Française depuis la Révolution de Février et
l'Exposition de 1848_, par M. A. Audiganne.
M. Aubry thus divides the lace-makers of Normandy:--
Department of Calvados--
Arrondissement of Caen 25,000
Arr. of Bayeux 15,000
Arr. of Pont-l'Evêque, Falaise,* and Lisieux 10,000
Departments of La Manche and Seine-Inférieure 10,000
------
60,000
The women earn from 50 sous to 25 sous a day, an improvement on the
wages of the last century, which, in the time of Arthur Young,
seldom amounted to 24 sous.
Their products are estimated at from 8 to 10 millions of francs
(£320,000 to £400,000).
* "Falaise, dentelles façon de Dieppe."--Peuchet.
[615] He had run away with the rich heiress of Coadelan.
[616] _Chants populaires de la Bretagne_, par Th. Hersart de la
Villemarqué.
[617] The bringing home of the wedding dress is an event of solemn
importance. The family alone are admitted to see it, and each of
them sprinkles the orange blossoms with which it is trimmed with
holy water placed at the foot of the bed whereon the dress is laid,
and offers up a prayer for the future welfare of the wearer.
[618] French Hainault, French Flanders and Cambrésis (the present Dép. du
Nord), with Artois, were conquests of Louis XIII. and Louis XIV.,
confirmed to France by the treaties of Aix-la-Chapelle (1668) and
Nimeguen (1678).
[619] Photographed in the _Album d'Archéologie Religieuse_. It is supposed
to have been made towards the end of the seventeenth century.
[620] Founded 1630.
[621] "1772. 15 aunes 3-16^{mes} jabot haut de vraie Valencienne, 3,706
livres 17 sous"; and many other similar entries.
[622] "5/8 Bâtarde dito à bordure, à 60 ll., 37 ll. 10 s."--_Comptes de
Madame du Barry._
[623] _Statistique du Dép. du Nord_, par M. Dieudonné, Préfet en 1804.
[624] "Among the various fabrics having the same process of manufacture,
there is not one which produces exactly the same style of lace. The
same pattern, with the same material, whether executed in Belgium,
Saxony, Lille, Arras, Mirecourt, or Le Puy, will always bear the
stamp of the place where it is made. It has never been possible to
transfer any kind of manufacture from one city to another without
there being a marked difference between the productions."--Aubry.
"After the French Revolution, when so many lace-makers fled to
Belgium, Alost, Ypres, Bruges, Ghent, Menin, and Courtrai became the
centres of this industry, and the lace produced in each town has a
distinctive feature in the ground. That made in Ghent is
square-meshed, the bobbins being twisted two and a half times. At
Ypres, which makes a better quality of Valenciennes, the ground is
also square-meshed, but the bobbins are twisted four times. In
Courtrai and Menin the grounds are twisted three and a half times,
and in Bruges, where the ground has a circular mesh, the bobbins are
twisted three times."
[625] In the already quoted _Etat d'un Trousseau_, 1771, among the
necessary articles are enumerated: "Une coëffure, tour de gorge et
le fichu plissé de vraie Valencienne." The trimming of one of Madame
du Barry's pillowcases cost 487 fr.; her lappets, 1,030. The ruffles
of the Duchesse de Modène and Mademoiselle de Charollais are valued
at 200 livres the pair. Du Barry, more extravagant, gives 770 for
hers.
[626] "2 barbes et rayon de vraie valencienne; 3 au. ¾ collet grande
hauteur; 4 au. grand jabot; le tout de la même main, de 2,400
livres."--_Comptes de Madame du Barry._ 1770.
[627] Arthur Young, in 1788, says of Valenciennes: "Laces of 30 to 40
lines' breadth for gentlemen's ruffles is from 160 to 216 livres (£9
9s.) an ell. The quantity for a lady's headdress from 1,000 to
24,000 livres. The women gain from 20 to 30 sous a day. 3,600
persons are employed at Valenciennes, and are an object of 450,000
livres, of which the flax is not more than 1/30. The thread costs
from 24 to 700 livres the pound."
[628] The "barbes pleines" consisted of a pair of lappets from 3 to 5
inches wide each, and half an ell (20 inches) long, with a double
pattern of sprigged flowers and rounded at the ends. A narrow lace 1
½ ell long, called the _Papillon_, with the bande or passe, and the
fond de bonnet, completed the suit.
[629] The fault of the old Valenciennes lace is its colour, never of a
clear white, but inclining to a reddish cast.
[630] "Les dentelières avaient adopté un par-dessus de calamande rayée, un
bonniquet de toile fine plissé à petits canons. Une médaille
d'argent, pendue au cou par un petit liseré noir, complétait leur
costume, qui est arrivé jusqu'à nous; car nous l'avons vu, il n'y a
pas trente ans."--_Hist. de Lille_, par V. Derode. Paris et Lille,
1848.
[631] _Mémoires sur l'Intendance de Flandre._--MS. Bib. de Lille.
[632] Period of the peace of Utrecht when Lille, which had been retaken by
Prince Eugène, was again restored to France.
[633] _Histoire Populaire de Lille._ Henri Brunet. Lille, 1848; and
_Histoire de Lille._ V. Derode.
[634] _Report of the Commissioners for 1851._
[635] As late as 1761 Lille was considered as "foreign" with respect to
France, and her laces made to pay duty according to the tariff of
1664.
In 1708 (31st of July) we have an Arrest du Conseil d'Estat du Roy,
relative to the seizure of seventeen cartons of lace belonging to
one "Mathieu, marchand à l'Isle." Mathieu, in defence, pretends that
"les dentelles avoient esté fabriquées à Haluin (near Lille), terre
de la domination de Sa Majesté."--Arch. Nat. Coll. Rondonneau.
[636] See FLANDERS (WEST), _treille_.
[637] In 1789, thread was 192 francs the kilogramme.
[638] Describing her trousseau, every article of which was trimmed with
Angleterre, Malines, or Valenciennes, she adds: "A cette époque
(1800), on ignorait même l'existence du tulle, les seules dentelles
communes que l'on connût étaient les dentelles de Lille et d'Arras,
qui n'étaient portées que par les femmes les plus
ordinaires."--_Mém. de Madame la Duchesse d'Abrantès._ T. iii.
Certainly the laces of Lille and Arras never appear in the
inventories of the "grandes dames" of the last century.
[639] Dieudonné.
[640] Peuchet states much "fausse Valenciennes, très rapprochée de la
vraie," to have been fabricated in the hospital at Lille, in which
institution there were, in 1723, 700 lace-workers.
[641] A piece of Lille lace contains from 10 to 12 ells.
[642] "L'Abbaye du Vivier, etablie dans la ville d'Arras," Poëme par le
Père Dom Martin du Buisson, in _Mémoires et Pièces pour servir a
l'Histoire de la Ville d'Arras_.--Bib. Nat. MSS., Fonds François,
8,936.
[643] Bib. Nat. MSS., Fonds François, 8,936.
[644] We find in the Colbert Correspondence (1669), the directors of the
General hospital at Arras had enticed lace-workers of point de
France, with a view to establish the manufacture in their hospital,
but the jealousy of the other cities threatening to overthrow their
commerce, they wrote to Colbert for protection.
[645] Gt. Ward. Acc. Geo. I. 1714-15 (P. R. O.), and Acc. of John, Duke of
Montagu, master of the Great Wardrobe, touching the expenses of the
funeral of Queen Anne and the coronation of George I. (P.R.O.)
In 1761 an Act was passed against its being counterfeited, and a
vendor of "Orrice lace" (counterfeit, we suppose) forfeits her
goods.
[646] _Statistique des Gens de Lettres._ 1808. Herbin. T. ii.
[647] A museum of lace has been established at Bailleul.
[648] In 1788, Bailleul, Cassel, and the district of Hazebrouck, had 1351
lace-makers. In 1802 the number had diminished; but it has since
gradually increased. In 1830 there were 2,500. In 1851 there were
already 8,000, dispersed over twenty communes.
[649] Haute-Loire, Cantal, Puy-de-Dôme, and Loire.
[650] 1640.
[651] 1833 and 1848.
[652] By Médecis.
[653] They represent to the king that the laces of the "diocèse du Puy, du
Vélay et de l'Auvergne, dont il se faisait un commerce très
considérable dans les pays étrangers, par les ports de Bordeaux, La
Rochelle et Nantes," ought not to pay the import duties held by the
"cinq grosses fermes."--_Arrest du Conseil d'Estat du Roy_, 6
August, 1707. Arch. Nat. Coll. Rond. They ended by obtaining a duty
of five sous per lb., instead of the 50 livres paid by Flanders and
England, or the ten livres by the laces of Comté, Liège, and
Lorraine.
[654] 1715 and 1716.
[655] See MILAN.
[656] Roland de la Platière.
[657] Three-fourths were consumed in Europe in time of peace:--Sardinia
took 120,000 francs, purchased by the merchants of Turin, once a
year, and then distributed through the country: Florence and Spain,
each 200,000; Guyenne exported by the merchants of Bordeaux 200,000;
500,000 went to the Spanish Indies. The rest was sold in France by
means of colporteurs.--Peuchet.
[658] In Auvergne lace has preserved its ancient names of "passement" and
"pointes," the latter applied especially to needle-made lace. It has
always retained its celebrity for passements or guipures made in
bands. The simplicity of life in the mountains has doubtless been a
factor in the unbroken continuity of the lace-trade.
[659] Le Puy in recent years has named some of its coarse patterns
"guipure de Cluny," after the museum in Paris--a purely fanciful
name.
[660] Savinière d'Alquie.
[661] Savary. Point d'Aurillac is mentioned in the _Révolte des
Passemens_.
[662] _Histoire du point d' Alençon_, Madame Despierres.
[663] "Voile de toile d'argent, garni de grandes dentelles d'or et argent
fin, donné en 1711 pour envelopper le chef de S.
Gaudence."--_Inventaire du Monastère des Bénédictines de St.
Aligre._
[664] In the convents are constantly noted down "point d'Espagne d'or et
argent fin," while in the cathedral of Clermont the chapter
contented itself with "dentelles d'or et argent faux."
[665] "1773. 6 au. de grande entoilage de belle blonde à poix."
[666] "16 au. entoilage à mouches à 11 l., 1761."--_Comptes de Madame du
Barry._
[667] "7 au. de tulle pour hausser les manchettes, à 9 l., 63 l."--1770.
_Cptes. de Madame du Barry._
[668] _Souvenirs de la Marquise de Créquy._
[669] In an old geography we find, "Tulle, Tuille three hundred years
ago."
The word Tule or Tuly occurs in an English inventory of 1315, and
again, in "Sir Gawayn and the Green Knight"; but in both cases the
word seems not to indicate a stuff but rather a locality, probably
Toulouse.--Francisque Michel.
In Skelton's _Garland of Lawrell_, we find, "A skein of tewly silk";
which his commentator, the Rev. A. Dyce, considers to be "dyed of a
red colour."
[670] As early as 1615 there appears to have been a traffic with Italy in
laces, the painter Claude Lorraine being taken to Italy in that year
by his uncle, a carrier and dealer in laces.
[671] Neufchâteau.
[672] The trader who purchases the lace is called "peussemotier."
[673] The Lorraine laces could only enter France by the bureau of
Chaumont, nor could they leave the country without a formal permit
delivered at Monthureux-le-Sec.--Arch. Nat., Coll. Rondonneau.
[674] In a catalogue of the collection of objects of religious art,
exhibited at Mechlin in 1864, we find noticed, "Dentelle pour
rochet, point de Nancy," from the church of St. Charles at Antwerp,
together with various "voiles de bénédiction," laces for rochets and
altar-cloths, of "point de Paris."
[675] The _Tableau Statistique du Dép. des Vosges_, by Citoyen Desgoulles,
An X, says: "Mirecourt is celebrated for its lace fabrics. There are
twenty lace merchants; but the workers are not attached to any
particular house. They buy their own thread, make the lace, and
bring it to the merchants of Mirecourt to purchase. The women follow
this occupation when not engaged in field work; but they only earn
from 25 to 40 centimes a day. Before the Revolution, 7/8 of the
coarse lace was exported to Germany towards Swabia. Of the fine
qualities, France consumed 2/3. The remainder went to the colonies."
[676] So are those of Courseulles (Calvados).
[677] Savary. Sedan was ceded to Louis XIII. in 1642.
[678] "Eidem pro 6 divi[=t] Sedan et Itali[=e] colaris opere scis[=s] et
pro 62 purles opere acuo pro 6 pa[=r] mani[=c] lintea[=r] eisdem,
£116 6s."--Gt. Ward. Acc. Car. I., ix. to xi. P. R. O.
[679] "Eidem pro 6 divi[=t] Pultenarian Sedan de opere scis[=s] colaris et
pro 72 purles divi[=t] opere acuo pro mani[=c] lintea[=r] eisdem,
£106 16s."--Gt. Ward. Acc. Car. I., xi. to xii.
[680] In 1700 there were several lace manufacturers at Charleville, the
principal of whom was named Vigoureux.--_Hist. de Charleville._
Charleville, 1854.
[681] Savary. Ed. 1726.
[682] _Description de la France._ Ed. 1752.
[683] Savary.
[684] John Roberts, of Burgundy, eight years in England, "a knitter of
knotted wool."
Peter de Grue, Burgundian, "knitter of cauls and sleeves."
Callys de Hove, "maker of lace," and Jane his wife, born in
Burgundy.--State Papers, Dom., Eliz. Vol. 84. P.R.O.
[685] M. Joseph Garnier, the learned Archiviste of Dijon, informed Mrs.
Palliser that "les archives de l'hospice Sainte-Anne n'ont conservé
aucune trace de la manufacture de dentelles qui y fut établie. Tout
ce qu'on sait, c'est qu'elle était sous la direction d'un sieur
Helling, et qu'on y fabriquait le point d'Alençon."
[686] _Descr. du Dép. de la Vienne_, par le Citoyen Cochon. An X.
[687] "Ce n'est pas une grande chose que la manufacture de points qui est
établie dans l'hôpital de Bourdeaux."--Savary. Edit. 1726.
[688] Table of the Number of Lace-workers in France in 1851. (From M.
Aubry.)
Manufacture of Chantilly
and Alençon:--
Orne }
Seine-et-Oise }
Eure } 12,500
Seine-et-Marne }
Oise }
Manufacture of Lille, Arras,
and Bailleul:--
Nord }
Pas-de-Calais } 18,000
Manufacture of Normandy,
Caen, and Bayeux:--
Calvados }
Manche } 55,000
Seine-Inférieure }
Manufacture of Lorraine,
Mirecourt:--
Vosges }
Meurthe } 22,000
Manufacture of Auvergne,
Le Puy:--
Cantal }
Haute Loire } 130,000
Loire }
Puy-de-Dôme }
Application-work at Paris}
and Lace-makers } 2,500
-------
Total 240,000
-------
In his _Report on the Universal Exhibition of 1867_, M. Aubry
estimates the number at 200,000--their average wages from 1 to 1½
francs a day of ten hours' labour; some earn as much as 3½ francs.
Almost all work at home, combining the work of the pillow with their
agricultural and household occupations. Lace schools are being
founded throughout the northern lace departments of France, and
prizes and every kind of encouragement given to the pupils by the
Empress, as well as by public authorities and private individuals.
[689] In the Census of 1571, giving the names of all strangers in the city
of London, we find mention but of one Dutchman, Richard Thomas, "a
worker of billament lace."
[690] In 1689 appears an "Arrest du Roi qui ordonne l'exécution d'une
sentence du maître de poste de Rouen, portant confiscation des
dentelles venant d'Amsterdam."--Arch. Nat. Coll. Rondonneau.
[691] 1685.
[692] We have frequent mention of dentelle à la reine previous to its
introduction into Holland.
1619. "Plus une aulne ung tiers de dentelle à la
reyne."--_Trésorerie de Madame, Soeur de Roi._ Arch. Nat. K. K. 234.
1678. "Les dames mettent ordinairement deux cornettes de Point à la
Reyne ou de soie écrue, rarement de Point de France, parce que le
point clair sied mieux au visage."--_Mercure Galant._
1683. "Deux Aubes de toille demie holande garnis de point à la
Reyne."--_Inv. fait apres le decedz de Mgr. Colbert._ Bib. Nat. MSS.
Suite de Mortemart, 34.
[693] C. Weisse. _History of the French Protestant Refugees from the Edict
of Nantes._ Edinburgh, 1854.
[694] Grandson of Simon Châtelain. See Chap. VI.
[695] In the paper already referred to (see NORMANDY) on the lace trade,
in 1704, it is stated the Flemish laces called "dentelles de haut
prix" are made of Lille, Mons and Mechlin thread, sent to bleach at
Haarlem, "as they know not how to bleach them elsewhere." The
"dentelles de bas prix" of Normandy and other parts of France being
made entirely of the cheaper thread of Haarlem itself, an Act, then
just passed, excluding the Haarlem thread, would, if carried out,
annihilate this branch of industry in France.--_Commerce des
Dentelles de Fil._ Bib. Nat. MSS. F. Fr. 14,294.
[696] And. Yarranton. 1677.
[697] "Flax is improved by age. The saying was, 'Wool may be kept to dust,
flax to silk.' I have seen flax twenty years old as fine as a
hair."--_Ibid._
[698] _Commerce de la Hollande._ 1768.
[699] _Edinburgh Amusement._
[700] _Six Weeks in the Court and Country of France._ 1691.
[701] Treillis d'Allemagne is early mentioned in the French inventories:--
1543. "Pour une aulne deux tiers trillist d'Allemagne."--_Argenterie
de la Reine_ (_Eléonore d'Autriche_). Arch. Nat. K. K. 104.
1557. "Pour une aulne de treilliz noir d'Allemagne pour garnir la
robbe de damars noir ou il y a de la bizette."--_Comptes de
l'Argentier du Roi_ (_Henry II._). Arch. Nat. K. K. 106.
[702] "At a meeting of the Society of Polite Arts, premiums were given to
a specimen of a new invention imitating Dresden work. It is done
with such success as to imitate all the various stitches of which
Dresden work is composed, with such ingenuity as to surpass the
finest performance with the needle. This specimen, consisting of a
cap and a piece for a long apron, the apron, valued by the
inventress at £2 2s., was declared by the judges worth
£56."--_Annual Register._ 1762.
[703] "Smash go the glasses, aboard pours the wine on circling laces,
Dresden aprons, silvered silks, and rich brocades." And again, "Your
points of Spain, your ruffles of Dresden."--_Fool of Quality._ 1766.
[704] _Caledonian Mercury._ 1760.
[705] Letter from Koestritz. 1863.
[706] In 1713.
[707] Weisse.
[708] Dated Oct. 29, 1685.
[709] Anderson.
[710] Arch. Nat. Coll. Rondonneau.
[711] "Commissions and Privileges granted by Charles I., Landgrave of
Hesse, to the French Protestants, dated Cassel, Dec. 12, 1685."
[712] Peuchet.
[713] Anderson.
[714] _La France Protestante_, par M. M. Haag. Paris 1846-59.
[715] "Item. Dix carrez de tapisserye a poinctz de Hongrye d'or, d'argent
et soye de differends patrons."--1632.
_Inv. après le decès du Maréchal de Marillac._ Bib. Nat. MSS. F. Fr.
11,424.
[716] Hungary was so styled in the seventeenth century. In a _Relation of
the most famous Kingdoms and Common Weales through the World_,
London, 1608, we find "Hungerland."
[717] "City Madam." Massinger.
[718] _Pictures of German Life in the Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and
Seventeenth Centuries_, by Gustaf Freytag.
[719] _Merveilleux Amusements des Bains de Bade._ Londres, 1739.
[720] Bishop of Salisbury. "Letters." 1748-9.
[721] _Modelbuch in Kupfen gemacht._ Nürnberg, 1601.
[722] Poppenreuth is about a German mile from Nuremberg.
[723] "Austria."--_Report of the International Exhibition of 1862._
[724] As quoted in Lefébure's _Embroidery and Lace_.
[725] Haag. _La France Protestante._
[726] The Neufchâtel trade extended through the Jura range from the valley
of Lake Joux (Vaud) to Porentruy, near Bâle.
[727] _Statistique de la Suisse._ Picot, de Genève. 1819.
[728] A curious pattern-book has been sent to us, belonging to the
Antiquarian Society of Zurich, through the kindness of its
president, Dr. Ferd. Keller. It contains specimens of a variety of
narrow braids and edgings of a kind of knotted work, but only a few
open-work edgings that could be called lace.
[729] On her marriage, 1515.
[730] "1619. Sept. 11. Paid for a lace, 63 rixd. 11 skillings.
"1620. Oct. 11. Paid to a female lace-worker, 28 rixd.
"Nov. 4. Paid 10 rixd. to a female lace-worker who received her
dismissal.
"Nov. 11. Paid 71 specie dollars to a lace-seller for lace for the
use of the children.
"Paid 33 specie dollars and 18 skill. Lubec money, to the same man
for lace and cambric.
"1625. May 19. Paid 21 rixd. for lace.
"Dec. 20. Paid 25 specie dollars 15 skill. Lubec money, for taffetas
and lace."
[731] 1639.
[732] _Rawert's Report upon the Industry in the Kingdom of Denmark._ 1848.
[733] "The Great Recess."
[734] Two-thirds of a yard.
[735] Dated 1643.
[736] "Tönder lace, fine and middling, made in the districts of Lygum
Kloster, keeps all the peasant girls employed. Thereof is exported
to the German markets and the Baltic, it is supposed, for more than
100,000 rixdollars (£11,110), and the fine thread must be had from
the Netherlands, and sometimes costs 100 rixdollars per
lb."--_Pontoppidan. Economical Balance._ 1759.