Domestication,' vol. i. p. 207.
[451] Sir J. Lubbock, 'The Origin of Civilisation,' 1870, chap.
iii. especially p. 60-67. Mr. M'Lennan, in his extremely
valuable work on 'Primitive Marriage,' 1865, p. 163, speaks of
the union of the sexes "in the earliest times as loose,
transitory, and in some degree promiscuous." Mr. M'Lennan and
Sir J. Lubbock have collected much evidence on the extreme
licentiousness of savages at the present time. Mr. L. H.
Morgan, in his interesting memoir on the classificatory system
of relationship ('Proc. American Acad. of Sciences,' vol. vii.
Feb. 1868, p. 475) concludes that polygamy and all forms of
marriage during primeval times were essentially unknown. It
appears, also, from Sir J. Lubbock's work, that Bachofen
likewise believes that communal intercourse originally
prevailed.
[452] Address to British Association 'On the Social and
Religious Condition of the Lower Races of Man,' 1870, p. 20.
[453] 'Origin of Civilisation,' 1870, p. 86. In the several
works above quoted there will be found copious evidence on
relationship through the females alone, or with the tribe
alone.
[454] Brehm ('Illust. Thierleben,' B. i. p. 77) says
_Cynocephalus hamadryas_ lives in great troops containing twice
as many adult females as adult males. See Rengger on American
polygamous species, and Owen ('Anat. of Vertebrates,' vol. iii.
p. 746) on American monogamous species. Other references might
be added.
[455] Dr. Savage, in 'Boston Journal of Nat. Hist.' vol. v.
1845-47, p. 423.
[456] 'Prehistoric Times,' 1869, p. 424.
[457] Mr. M'Lennan, 'Primitive Marriage,' 1865. See especially
on exogamy and infanticide, p. 130, 138, 165.
[458] Dr. Gerland ('Ueber das Aussterben der Naturvoelker,'
1868) has collected much information on infanticide, see
especially s. 27, 51, 54. Azara ('Voyages,' &c. tom. ii. p. 94,
116) enters in detail on the motives. See also M'Lennan (ibid.
p. 139) for cases in India.
[459] 'Primitive Marriage,' p. 208; Sir J. Lubbock, 'Origin of
Civilisation,' p. 100. See also Mr. Morgan, loc. cit., on
former prevalence of polyandry.
[460] 'Voyages,' &c. tom. ii. p. 92-95.
[461] Burchell says ('Travels in S. Africa, vol. ii. 1824, p.
58), that among the wild nations of Southern Africa, neither
men nor women ever pass their lives in a state of celibacy.
Azara ('Voyages dans l'Amerique Merid.' tom. ii. 1809, p. 21)
makes precisely the same remark in regard to the wild Indians
of South America.
[462] 'Anthropological Review,' Jan. 1870, p. xvi.
[463] 'The Variation of Animals and Plants under
Domestication,' vol. ii. p. 210-217.
[464] An ingenious writer argues, from a comparison of the
pictures of Raphael, Rubens, and modern French artists, that
the idea of beauty is not absolutely the same even throughout
Europe: see the 'Lives of Haydn and Mozart,' by M. Bombet,
English translat. p. 278.
[465] Azara, 'Voyages,' &c. tom. ii. p. 23. Dobrizhoffer, 'An
Account of the Abipones,' vol. ii. 1822, p. 207. Williams on
the Fiji Islanders, as quoted by Lubbock, 'Origin of
Civilisation,' 1870, p. 79. On the Fuegians, King and Fitzroy,
'Voyages of the _Adventure_ and _Beagle_,' vol. ii. 1839, p.
182. On the Kalmucks, quoted by M'Lennan, 'Primitive Marriage,'
1865, p. 32. On the Malays, Lubbock, ibid. p. 76. The Rev. J.
Shooter, 'On the Kafirs of Natal,' 1857, p. 52-60. On the
Bushwomen, Burchell, 'Travels in S. Africa,' vol. ii. 1824, p.
59.
[466] 'Contributions to the Theory of Natural Selection,' 1870,
p. 346. Mr. Wallace believes (p. 350) "that some intelligent
power has guided or determined the development of man;" and he
considers the hairless condition of the skin as coming under
this head. The Rev. T. R. Stebbing, in commenting on this view
('Transactions of Devonshire Assoc. for Science,' 1870)
remarks, that had Mr. Wallace "employed his usual ingenuity on
the question of man's hairless skin, he might have seen the
possibility of its selection through its superior beauty or the
health attaching to superior cleanliness. At any rate it is
surprising that he should picture to himself a superior
intelligence plucking the hair from the backs of savage men (to
whom, according to his own account it would have been useful
and beneficial), in order that the descendants of the poor
shorn wretches might after many deaths from cold and damp in
the course of many generations," have been forced to raise
themselves in the scale of civilisation through the practice of
various arts, in the manner indicated by Mr. Wallace.
[467] 'The Variation of Animals and Plants under
Domestication,' vol. ii. 1868, p. 327.
[468] 'Investigations into Military and Anthropological
Statistics of American Soldiers,' by B. A. Gould, 1869; p.
568:--Observations were carefully made on the pilosity of 2129
black and coloured soldiers, whilst they were bathing; and by
looking to the published table, "it is manifest at a glance
that there is but little, if any, difference between the white
and the black races in this respect." It is, however, certain
that negroes in their native and much hotter land of Africa,
have remarkably smooth bodies. It should be particularly
observed, that pure blacks and mulattoes were included in the
above enumeration; and this is an unfortunate circumstance, as
in accordance with the principle, the truth of which I have
elsewhere proved, crossed races would be eminently liable to
revert to the primordial hairy character of their early
ape-like progenitors.
[469] "Ueber die Richtung der Haare am Menschlichen Koerper," in
Mueller's 'Archiv fuer Anat. und Phys.' 1837, s. 40.
[470] Mr. Sproat ('Scenes and Studies of Savage Life,' 1868, p.
25) suggests, with reference to the beardless natives of
Vancouver's Island, that the custom of plucking out the hairs
on the face, "continued from one generation to another, would
perhaps at last produce a race distinguishable by a thin and
straggling growth of beard." But the custom would not have
arisen until the beard had already become, from some
independent cause, greatly reduced. Nor have we any direct
evidence that the continued eradication of the hair would lead
to any inherited effect. Owing to this cause of doubt, I have
not hitherto alluded to the belief held by some distinguished
ethnologists, for instance M. Gosse of Geneva, that artificial
modifications of the skull tend to be inherited. I have no wish
to dispute this conclusion; and we now know from Dr.
Brown-Sequard's remarkable observations, especially those
recently communicated (1870) to the British Association, that
with guinea-pigs the effects of operations are inherited.
[471] 'Ueber die Richtung,' ibid. s. 40.
[472] On the "Limits of Natural Selection," in the 'North
American Review,' Oct. 1870, p. 295.
[473] The Rev. J. A. Picton gives a discussion to this effect
in his 'New Theories and the Old Faith,' 1870.
INDEX.
A.
ABBOTT, C., on the battles of seals, ii. 240.
ABDUCTOR of the fifth metatarsal, presence of, in man, i. 128.
ABERCROMBIE, Dr., on disease of the brain affecting speech, i. 58.
ABIPONES, marriage-customs of the, ii. 373.
ABOU-SIMBEL, caves of, i. 217.
ABORTION, prevalence of the practice of, i. 134.
ABSTRACTION, i. 62.
_Acalles_, stridulation of, i. 384.
_Acanthodactylus capensis_, sexual differences of colour in, ii. 36.
_Accentor modularis_, ii. 198.
ACCLIMATISATION, difference of, in different races of men, i. 216.
_Achetidae_, stridulation of the, i. 352, 353, 355;
rudimentary stridulating organs in female, i. 359.
_Acilius sulcatus_, elytra of the female, i. 343.
_Acomus_, development of spurs in the female of, ii. 162.
_Acridiidae_, stridulation of the, i. 352, 356;
rudimentary stridulating organs in female, i. 359.
ACTING, i. 232.
_Actiniae_, bright colours of, i. 322.
ADMIRAL butterfly, i. 392.
ADOPTION of the young of other animals by female monkeys, i. 41.
ADVANCEMENT in the organic scale, Von Baer's definition of, i. 211.
AEBY, on the difference between the skulls of man and the quadrumana,
i. 190.
AESTHETIC faculty, not highly developed in savages, i. 64.
AFFECTION, maternal, i. 40;
manifestation of, by animals, i. 40;
parental and filial, partly the result of natural selection, i. 81;
shown by birds in confinement, for certain persons, ii. 110;
mutual, of birds, ii. 108.
AFRICA, probably the birthplace of man, i. 199;
South, crossed population of, i. 225;
South, retention of colour by the Dutch in, i. 242;
South, proportion of the sexes in the butterflies of, i. 310;
tattooing practised in, ii. 339;
Northern, coiffure of natives of, ii. 340.
AGASSIZ, L., on conscience in dogs, i. 78;
on the coincidence of the races of man with zoological provinces,
i. 218;
on the number of species of man, i. 226;
on the courtship of the land-snails, i. 324;
on the brightness of the colours of male fishes during the breeding
season, ii. 13;
on the frontal protuberance of the males of _Geophagus_ and
_Cichla_, ii. 13, 20;
on the slight sexual differences of the South Americans, ii. 323;
on the tattooing of the Amazonian Indians, ii. 342.
AGE, in relation to the transmission of characters in birds, ii. 183;
variation in accordance with, in birds, ii. 213.
_Agelaeus phoeniceus_, ii. 116.
_Ageronia feronia_, noise produced by, i. 387.
_Agrion_, dimorphism in, i. 363.
_Agrion Ramburii_, sexes of, i. 362.
AGRIONIDAE, difference in the sexes of, i. 362.
_Agrotis exclamationis_, i. 369.
AGUE, tertian, dog suffering from, i. 13.
_Aithurus polytmus_, young of, ii. 220.
AINOS, hairiness of the, ii. 321.
_Alca torda_, young of, ii. 217.
_Alces palmata_, ii. 259.
ALDER and Hancock, MM., on the nudibranch mollusca, i. 326.
ALGEN, Mr., on the stridulation of _Scolytus_, i. 379.
ALLEN, J. A., on the relative size of the sexes of _Callorhinus
ursinus_, ii. 260;
on the mane of _Otaria jubata_, ii. 267;
on the pairing of seals, ii. 279;
on sexual differences in the colour of bats, ii. 286.
ALLEN, S., on the habits of _Hoplopterus_, ii. 48;
on the plumes of herons, ii. 82;
on the vernal moult of _Herodias bubulcus_, ii. 84.
ALLIGATOR, courtship of the male, i. 272, ii. 29;
roaring of the male, i. 331.
AMADAVAT, pugnacity of male, ii. 49.
_Amadina Lathami_, display of plumage by the male, ii. 95.
_Amadina castanotis_, display of plumage by the male, ii. 95.
AMAZONS, butterflies of the, i. 309;
fishes of the, ii. 17.
AMERICA, variation in the skulls of aborigines of, i. 108;
wide range of aborigines of, i. 218;
lice of the natives of, i. 220;
general beardlessness of the natives of, ii. 322.
AMERICA, North, butterflies of, i. 309;
Indians of, women a cause of strife among the, ii. 324;
Indians of, their notions of female beauty, ii. 344, 347.
AMERICA, South, character of the natives of, i. 216;
population of parts of, i. 225;
piles of stones in, i. 233;
extinction of the fossil horse of, i. 239;
desert-birds of, ii. 224;
slight sexual difference of the aborigines of, ii. 323;
prevalence of infanticide in, ii. 361.
AMERICAN languages, often highly artificial, i. 112.
AMERICANS, wide geographical range of, i. 112;
and negroes, difference of, i. 247;
aversion of, to hair on the face, ii. 348;
native, variability of, i. 226.
_Ammophila_, on the jaws of, i. 342.
_Ammotragus tragelaphus_, hairy forelegs of, ii. 282, 285.
AMPHIBIA, affinity of, to the ganoid fishes, i. 204;
vocal organs of the, ii. 331.
AMPHIBIANS, i. 213, ii. 24;
breeding whilst immature, ii. 215.
_Amphioxus_, i. 204.
AMPHIPODA, males sexually mature while young, ii. 215.
AMUNOPH III., negro character of features of, i. 217.
ANAL appendages of insects, i. 342.
ANALOGOUS variation in the plumage of birds, ii. 74.
_Anas_, ii. 180.
_Anas acuta_, male plumage of, ii. 84.
_Anas boschas_, male plumage of, ii. 84.
_Anas histrionica_, ii. 214.
_Anastomus oscitans_, sexes and young of, ii. 217;
white nuptial plumage of, ii. 228.
ANATIDAE, voices of, ii. 60.
_Anax junius_, difference in the sexes of, i. 362.
ANGLO-SAXONS, estimation of the beard among the, ii. 349.
ANIMALS, cruelty of savages to, i. 94;
domesticated, more fertile than wild, i. 132;
characters common to man and, i. 185;
domestic, change of breeds of, ii. 369.
ANNELIDA, i. 327.
ANNULOSA, i. 327.
_Anolis cristatellus_, male, crest of, ii. 32;
pugnacity of the male, ii. 32;
throat-pouch of, ii. 33.
_Anobium tessellatum_, sounds produced by, i. 384.
_Anser canadensis_, ii. 116.
_Anser cygnoides_, ii. 114;
knob at the base of the beak of, ii. 129.
_Anser hyperboreus_, whiteness of, ii. 228.
ANTELOPE, prong-horned, horns of, i. 289.
ANTELOPES, generally polygamous, i. 267;
horns of, i. 289, ii. 245;
canine teeth of some male, ii. 241;
use of horns of, ii. 251;
dorsal crests in, ii. 282;
dewlaps of, ii. 284;
winter change of two species of, ii. 299;
peculiar markings of, ii. 299.
ANTENNAE, furnished with cushions in the male of _Penthe_, i. 343.
_Anthidium manicatum_, large male of, i. 347.
_Anthocharis cardamines_, i. 388, 393, 394;
sexual difference of colour in, i. 409.
_Anthocharis genutia_, i. 393.
_Anthocharis sara_, i. 393.
_Anthophora acervorum_, large male of, i. 347.
_Anthophora retusa_, difference of the sexes in, i. 366.
_Anthus_, moulting of, ii. 83.
ANTHROPIDAE, i. 195.
ANTIGUA, Dr. Nicholson's observations on yellow fever in, i. 245.
ANTICS of birds, ii. 68.
_Antilocapra americana_, horns of, i. 289, ii. 245.
_Antilope bezoartica_, horned females of, ii. 246, 248;
sexual difference in the colour of, ii. 288.
_Antilope Dorcas_ and _euchore_, ii. 245.
_Antilope euchore_, horns of, ii. 251.
_Antilope montana_, rudimentary canines in the young male of, ii. 258.
_Antilope niger, sing-sing, caama_, and _gorgon_, sexual differences
in the colours of, ii. 289.
_Antilope oreas_, horns of, i. 289.
_Antilope saiga_, polygamous habits of, i. 267.
_Antilope strepsiceros_, horns of, i. 289.
_Antilope subgutturosa_, absence of suborbital pits in, ii. 280.
ANTIPATHY, shown by birds in confinement, to certain persons, ii. 110.
ANTS, i. 186;
playing together, i. 39;
memory in, i. 45;
intercommunication of, by means of the antennae, i. 58;
large size of the cerebral ganglia in, i. 145;
soldier-, large jaws of, i. 155;
difference of the sexes in, i. 365;
recognition of each other by, after separation, i. 365.
ANTS, White, habits of, i. 364.
ANURA, ii. 25.
_Apatania muliebris_, male unknown, i. 314.
_Apathus_, difference of the sexes in, i. 366.
_Apatura Iris_, i. 386, 388.
APES, anthropomorphous, i. 196;
difference of the young, from the adult, i. 13;
building platforms, i. 53;
probable speedy extermination of the, i. 201;
Gratiolet on the evolution of, i. 230;
semi-erect attitude of some, i. 142;
mastoid processes of, i. 143;
influence of the jaw-muscles on the physiognomy of, i. 144;
female, destitute of large canines, i. 156;
imitative faculties of, i. 161;
canine teeth of male, ii. 241;
females of some, less hairy beneath than the males, ii. 377.
APES, long-armed, their mode of progression, i. 143.
_Apis mellifica_, large male of, i. 347.
APOLLO, Greek statues of, ii. 350.
APOPLEXY in _Cebus Azarae_, i. 12.
APPROBATION, influence of the love of, i. 86, 92, 164, 165.
APPENDAGES, anal, of insects, i. 342.
_Aprosmictus scapulatus_, ii. 174.
AQUATIC birds, frequency of white plumage in, ii. 229.
_Aquila chrysaetos_, ii. 105.
ARAB women, elaborate and peculiar coiffure of, ii. 353.
ARABS, gashing of cheeks and temples among the, ii. 339.
ARACHNIDA, i. 337.
ARAKHAN, artificial widening of the forehead by the natives of,
ii. 351.
_Arboricola_, young of, ii. 190.
_Archeopteryx_, i. 204.
ARCTIIDAE, coloration of the, i. 396.
_Ardea asha_, _rufescens_, and _caerulea_, change of colour in,
ii. 231, 232.
_Ardea caerulea_, breeding in immature plumage, ii. 214.
_Ardea gularis_, change of plumage in, ii. 232.
_Ardea herodias_, love-gestures of the male, ii. 68.
_Ardea ludoviciana_, age of mature plumage in, ii. 213;
continued growth of crest and plumes in the male of, ii. 216.
_Ardea nycticorax_, cries of, ii. 51.
_Ardeola_, young of, ii. 190.
_Ardetta_, changes of plumage in, ii. 179.
ARGENTEUIL, i. 29.
ARGUS pheasant, ii. 72, 97, 181;
display of plumage by the male, ii. 91;
ocellated spots of the, ii. 134, 141;
gradation of characters in the, ii. 141.
ARGYLL, Duke of, the fashioning of implements peculiar to man,
i. 52;
on the contest in man between right and wrong, i. 104;
on the physical weakness of man, i. 156;
on the primitive civilisation of man, i. 181;
on the plumage of the male Argus pheasant, ii. 91;
on _Urosticte Benjamini_, ii. 151;
on the nests of birds, ii. 167;
on variety as an object in nature, ii. 230.
_Argynnis aglaia_, colouring of the lower surface of, i. 396.
_Aricoris epitus_, sexual differences in the wings of, i. 345.
ARISTOCRACY, increased beauty of the, ii. 356.
ARMS, proportions of, in soldiers and sailors, i. 116;
direction of the hair on the, i. 192.
ARMS and hands, free use of, indirectly correlated with diminution
of canines, i. 144.
ARREST of development, i. 121, 122.
ARROW-HEADS, stone, general resemblance of, i. 233.
ARROWS, use of, i. 232.
ARTERIES, variations in the course of the, i. 108.
ARTERY, effect of tying, upon the lateral channels, i. 116.
ARTHROPODA, i. 328.
ARTS practised by savages, i. 234.
ASCENSION, coloured incrustation on the rocks of, i. 326.
ASCIDIA, affinity of the lancelet to, i. 205;
tadpole-like larvae of, i. 205.
ASCIDIANS, i. 324;
bright colours of some, i. 322.
_Asinus_, Asiatic and African species of, ii. 306.
_Asinus taeniopus_, ii. 306.
ASS, colour-variations of the, ii. 305.
_Ateles_, effects of brandy on an, i. 12;
absence of the thumb in, i. 140.
_Ateles beelzebuth_, ears of, i. 23.
_Ateles marginatus_, colour of the ruff of, ii. 291;
hair on the head of, ii. 109;
on the recognition of a dog by a turkey, ii. 110;
on the selection of a mate by female birds, ii. 307.
_Ateuchus_, stridulation of, i. 384.
_Ateuchus cicatricosus_, habits of, i. 376.
_Athalia_, proportions of the sexes in, i. 314.
ATTENTION, manifestations of, in animals, i. 44.
AUDOUIN, V., on a hymenopterous parasite with a sedentary male,
i. 273.
AUDUBON, J. J., on the pugnacity of male birds, ii. 43, 48;
on _Tetrao cupido_, ii. 50;
on _Ardea nycticorax_, ii. 51;
on _Sturnella ludoviciana_, ii. 51;
on the vocal organs of _Tetrao cupido_, ii. 56;
on the drumming of the male _Tetrao umbellus_, ii. 61;
on sounds produced by the nightjar, ii. 63;
on _Ardea herodias_ and _Cathartes jota_, ii. 68;
on the spring change of colour in some finches, ii. 86;
on _Mimus polyglottus_, ii. 116;
on the turkey, ii. 119, 121;
on variation in the male scarlet tanager, ii. 126;
on the habits of _Pyranga aestiva_, ii. 167;
on local differences in the nests of the same species of birds,
ii. 171;
on the habits of woodpeckers, ii. 175;
on _Bombycilla carolinensis_, ii. 180;
on young females of _Tanagra aestiva_ acquiring male characters,
ii. 180;
on the immature plumage of thrushes, ii. 185;
on the immature plumage of birds, ii. 186 _et seq._;
on birds breeding in immature plumage, ii. 214;
on the growth of the crest and plumes in the male _Ardea
ludoviciana_, ii. 216;
on the change of colour in some species of _Ardea_, ii. 231;
on the speculum of _Mergus cucullatus_, ii. 291;
on the musk-rat, ii. 298.
AUDUBON and Bachman, MM., on squirrels fighting, ii. 239;
on the Canadian lynx, ii. 267.
AUSTEN, N. L., on _Anolis cristatellus_, ii. 32, 33.
AUSTRALIA, half-castes killed by the natives of, i. 220;
lice of the natives of, i. 220;
not the birthplace of man, i. 199;
prevalence of female infanticide in, ii. 364.
AUSTRALIA, South, variation in the skulls of aborigines of, i. 108.
AUSTRALIANS, colour of newborn children of, ii. 318;
relative height of the sexes of, ii. 320;
women a cause of war among the, ii. 323.
AXIS deer, sexual difference in the colour of the, ii. 290.
AYMARAS, measurements of the, i. 119;
no grey hair among the, ii. 320;
hairlessness of the face in the, ii. 322;
long hair of the, ii. 348.
AZARA, on the proportion of men and women among the Guaranys,
i. 302;
on _Palamedea cornuta_, ii. 48;
on the beards of the Guaranys, ii. 322;
on strife for women among the Guanas, ii. 324;
on infanticide, ii. 344, 364;
on the eradication of the eyebrows and eyelashes by the Indians
of Paraguay, ii. 348;
on polyandry among the Guanas, ii. 366;
celibacy unknown among the savages of South America, ii. 367;
on the freedom of divorce among the Charruas, ii. 372.
B.
BABBAGE, C., on the greater proportion of illegitimate female births,
i. 302.
BABIRUSA, tusks of the, ii. 264.
BABOON, employing a mat for shelter against the sun, i. 53;
manifestation of memory by a, i. 45;
protected from punishment by its companions, i. 78;
rage excited in, by reading, i. 42.
BABOON, Cape, mane of the male, ii. 267;
Hamadryas, mane of the male, ii. 267.
BABOONS, effects of intoxicating liquors on, i. 12;
ears of, i. 23;
manifestation of maternal affection by, i. 41;
using stones and sticks as weapons, i. 51;
co-operation of, i. 75;
silence of, on plundering expeditions, i. 79;
diversity of the mental faculties in, i. 110;
hands of, i. 139;
habits of, i. 141;
variability of the tail in, i. 150;
apparent polygamy of, i. 266;
polygamous and social habits of, ii. 362.
BACHMAN, Dr., on the fertility of mulattoes, i. 221.
BAER, K. E. von, on embryonic development, i. 14.
BAGEHOT, W., on the social virtues among primitive men, i. 93;
on the value of obedience, i. 162;
on human progress, i. 166;
on the persistence of savage tribes in classical times, i. 239.
BAILLY, E. M., on the fighting of stags, ii. 252;
on the mode of fighting of the Italian buffalo, ii. 250.
BAIN, A., on the sense of duty, i. 71;
aid springing from sympathy, i. 77;
on the basis of sympathy, i. 82;
on love of approbation, &c., i. 86;
on the idea of beauty, ii. 354.
BAIRD, W., on a difference in colour between the males and females
of some Entozoa, i. 321.
BAKER, Mr., observation on the proportion of the sexes
in pheasant-chicks, i. 306.
BAKER, Sir S., on the fondness of the Arabs for discordant music,
ii. 67;
on sexual difference in the colours of an antelope, ii. 289;
on the elephant and rhinoceros attacking white or grey horses,
ii. 295;
on the disfigurements practised by the negroes, ii. 296;
on the gashing of the cheeks and temples practised in Arab
countries, ii. 339;
on the coiffure of the North Africans, ii. 340;
on the perforation of the lower lip by the women of Latooka,
ii. 341;
on the distinctive characters of the coiffure of central African
tribes, ii. 342;
on the coiffure of Arab women, ii. 353.
"BALZ" of the Black-cock, ii. 45, 100.
BANTAM, Sebright, i. 259, 294.
BANTENG, horns of, ii. 247;
sexual differences in the colours of the, ii. 289.
BANYAI, colour of the, ii. 346.
BARBARISM, primitive, of civilised nations, i. 181.
BARBS, filamentous, of the feathers, in certain birds, ii. 74.
BARR, Mr., on sexual preference in dogs, ii. 272.
BARRINGTON, Daines, on the language of birds, i. 55;
on the clucking of the hen, ii. 51;
on the object of the song of birds, ii. 52;
on the singing of female birds, ii. 54;
on birds acquiring the songs of other birds, ii. 55;
on the muscles of the larynx in song-birds, ii. 55;
on the want of the power of song by female birds, ii. 163.
BARROW, on the widow-bird, ii. 98.
BARTLETT, A. D., on the tragopan, i. 270;
on the development of the spurs in _Crossoptilon auritum_, i. 290;
on the fighting of the males of _Plectropterus gambensis_, ii. 46;
on the knot, ii. 82;
on display in male birds, ii. 87;
on the display of plumage by the male _Polyplectron_, ii. 89;
on _Crossoptilon auritum_ and _Phasianus Wallichii_, ii. 93;
on the habits of _Lophophorus_, ii. 121;
on the colour of the mouth in _Buceros bicornis_, ii. 129;
on the incubation of the cassowary, ii. 204;
on the Cape Buffalo, ii. 250;
on the use of the horns of antelopes, ii. 251;
on the fighting of male wart-hogs, ii. 266;
on _Ammotragus tragelaphus_, ii. 282;
on the colours of _Cercopithecus cephus_, ii. 291;
on the colours of the faces of monkeys, ii. 310;
on the naked surfaces of monkeys, ii. 377.
BARTRAM, on the courtship of the male alligator, ii. 29.
BASQUE language, highly artificial, i. 61.
BATE, C. S., on the superior activity of male crustacea, i. 272;
on the proportions of the sexes in crabs, i. 315;
on the chelae of crustacea, i. 330;
on the relative size of the sexes in crustacea, i. 332;
on the colours of crustacea, i. 335.
BATES, H. W., on variation in the form of the head of Amazonian
Indians, i. 111;
on the proportion of the sexes among Amazonian butterflies, i. 309;
on sexual differences in the wings of butterflies, i. 345;
on the field-cricket, i. 353;
on _Pyrodes pulcherrimus_, i. 367;
on the horns of Lamellicorn beetles, i. 370, 371;
on the colours of _Epicaliae_, &c., i. 388;
on the coloration of tropical butterflies, i. 391;
on the variability of _Papilio Sesostris_ and _Childrenae_, i. 402;
on male and female butterflies inhabiting different stations,
i. 403;
on mimickry, i. 411;
on the caterpillar of a _Sphinx_, i. 416;
on the vocal organs of the umbrella-bird, ii. 58;
on the toucans, ii. 227;
on _Brachyurus calvus_, ii. 309.
BATOKAS, knocking out two upper incisors, ii. 340.
BATRACHIA, ii. 25;
eagerness of male, i. 272.
BATS, sexual differences in the colour of, ii. 286.
BATTLE, law of, i. 182;
among beetles, i. 375;
among birds, ii. 40;
among mammals, ii. 239 _et seq._;
in man, ii. 323.
BEAK, sexual difference in the forms of the, ii. 39;
in the colour of the, ii. 72.
BEAKS, of birds, bright colours of, ii. 227.
BEARD, development of, in man, ii. 317;
analogy of the, in man and the quadrumana, ii. 319;
variation of the development of the, in different races of men,
ii. 321;
estimation of, among bearded nations, ii. 349;
probable origin of the, ii. 379.
BEARDS, in monkeys, i. 192;
of mammals, ii. 282.
BEAUTIFUL, taste for the, in birds, ii. 108;
in the quadrumana, ii. 296.
BEAUTY, sense of, in animals, i. 63;
appreciation of, by birds, ii. 111;
influence of, ii. 338, 343;
variability of the standard of, ii. 370.
BEAVAN, Lieut., on the development of the horns in _Cervus Eldi_,
i. 288.
BEAVER, instinct and intelligence of the, i. 37, 38;
voice of the, ii. 277;
castoreum of the, ii. 279.
BEAVERS, battles of male, ii. 239.
BECHSTEIN, on female birds choosing the best singers among the males,
ii. 52;
on rivalry in song-birds, ii. 53;
on the singing of female birds, ii. 54;
on birds acquiring the songs of other birds, ii. 55;
on pairing the canary and siskin, ii. 115;
on a sub-variety of the monk pigeon, ii. 132;
on spurred hens, ii. 162.
BEDDOE, Dr., on causes of difference in stature, i. 115.
BEE-EATER, ii. 56.
BEES, i. 73;
destruction of drones and queens by, i. 82;
pollen-baskets and stings of, i. 155;
female, secondary sexual characters of, i. 254;
difference of the sexes in, i. 365.
BEETLE, luminous larva of a, i. 345.
BEETLES, i. 366;
size of the cerebral ganglia in, i. 145;
dilatation of the fore tarsi in male, i. 343;
blind, i. 367;
stridulation of, i. 378.
BELGIUM, ancient inhabitants of, i. 237.
BELL, Sir C, on emotional muscles in man, i. 5;
"snarling muscles," i. 127;
on the hand, i. 141.
BELL, T., on the numerical proportion of the sexes in moles, i. 305;
on the newts, ii. 24;
on the croaking of the frog, ii. 27;
on the difference in the coloration of the sexes in _Zootoca
vivipara_, ii. 36;
on moles fighting, ii. 239.
BELL-BIRD, sexual difference in the colour of the, ii. 79.
BELL-BIRDS, colours of, ii. 228.
BENEVOLENCE, manifested by birds, ii. 109.
BENNETT, A. W., on the habits of _Dromoeus irroratus_, ii. 205.
BENNETT, Dr., on birds of paradise, ii. 89.
_Bernicla antarctica_, colours of, ii. 228.
BERNICLE gander pairing with a Canada goose, ii. 114.
BETTONI, E., on local differences in the nests of Italian birds,
ii, 171.
BHOTEAS, colour of the beard in, ii. 319.
_Bhringa_, disciform tail-feathers of, ii. 83.
_Bibio_, sexual differences in the genus, i. 349.
BICHAT, on beauty, ii. 354.
BILE, coloured, in many animals, i. 323.
BIMANA, i. 190.
BIRDS, imitations of the songs of other birds by, i. 44;
dreaming, i. 46;
language of, i. 55;
sense of beauty in, i. 63;
pleasure of, in incubation, i. 79;
male, incubation by, i. 210;
and reptiles, alliance of, i. 213;
sexual differences in the beak of some, i. 255;
migratory, arrival of the male before the female, i. 259;
apparent relation between polygamy and marked sexual differences in,
i. 270;
monogamous, becoming polygamous under domestication, i. 270;
eagerness of male in pursuit of the female, i. 272;
wild, numerical proportion of the sexes in, i. 306;
secondary sexual characters of, ii. 38;
difference of size in the sexes of, ii. 43;
fights of male, witnessed by females, ii. 49;
display of male, to captivate the females, ii. 50;
close attention of, to the songs of others, ii. 52;
acquiring the song of their foster-parents, ii. 55;
brilliant, rarely good songsters, ii. 56;
love-antics and dances of, ii. 68;
coloration of, ii. 74 _et seqq._;
moulting of, ii. 80 _et seqq._;
unpaired, ii. 103;
male, singing out of season, ii. 106;
mutual affection of, ii. 108;
in confinement, distinguish persons, ii. 110;
hybrid, production of, ii. 113;
European, number of species of, ii. 124;
variability of, ii. 124;
gradation of secondary sexual characters in, ii. 135;
obscurely coloured, building concealed nests, ii. 169;
young female, acquiring male characters, ii. 180;
breeding in immature plumage, ii. 214;
moulting of, ii. 214;
aquatic, frequency of white plumage in, ii. 229;
vocal courtship of, ii. 331;
naked skin of the head and neck in, ii. 377.
_Birgus latro_, habits of, i. 334.
BIRKBECK, Mr. on the finding of new mates by Golden Eagles, ii. 105.
BIRTHPLACE of man, i. 199.
BIRTHS, numerical proportions of the sexes in, in animals and man,
i. 263, 265;
male and female, numerical proportion of, in England, i. 300.
BISCHOFF, Prof., on the agreement between the brains of man and
of the Orang, i. 11;
figure of the embryo of the dog, i. 15;
on the convolutions of the brain in the human foetus, i. 16;
on the difference between the skulls of man and the quadrumana,
i. 190.
BISHOP, J., on the vocal organs of frogs, ii. 28;
on the vocal organs of corvine birds, ii. 55;
on the trachea of the _Merganser_, ii. 60.
BISON, American, mane of the male, ii. 267.
BITTERNS, dwarf, coloration of the sexes of, ii. 179.
_Biziura lobata_, musky odour of the male, ii. 38;
large size of male, ii. 43.
BLACKBIRD, sexual differences in the, i. 268;
proportion of the sexes in the, i. 307;
acquisition of a song by a, ii. 55;
colour of the beak in the sexes of the, ii. 72, 227;
pairing with a thrush, ii. 113;
colours and nidification of the, ii. 170;
young of the, ii. 219;
sexual difference in coloration of the, ii. 226.
BLACK-BUCK, Indian, sexual difference in the colour of the, ii. 288.
BLACKCAP, arrival of the male, before the female, i. 259;
young of the, ii. 219.
BLACK-COCK, polygamous, i. 269;
proportion of the sexes in the, i. 306;
pugnacity and love-dance of the, ii. 45;
call of the, ii. 60;
moulting of the, ii. 83;
duration of the courtship of the, ii. 100;
sexual difference in coloration of the, ii. 226;
crimson eye-cere of the, ii. 227;
and pheasant, hybrids of, ii. 113.
BLACK-GROUSE, characters of young, ii. 185, 194.
BLACKWALL, J., on the speaking of the magpie, i. 59;
on the desertion of their young by swallows, i. 84;
on the superior activity of male spiders, i. 272;
on the proportion of the sexes in spiders, i. 314;
on sexual variation of colour in spiders, i. 337;
on male spiders, i. 338.
BLADDER-NOSE Seal, hood of the, ii. 278.
BLAINE, on the affections of dogs, ii. 270.
BLAIR, Dr., on the relative liability of Europeans to yellow fever,
i. 243.
BLAKE, C. C., on the jaw from La Naulette, i. 126.
BLAKISTON, Capt., on the American snipe, ii. 64;
on the dances of _Tetrao phasianellus_, ii. 69.
BLASIUS, Dr., on the species of European birds, ii. 124.
_Bledius taurus_, hornlike processes of male, i. 374.
BLEEDING, tendency to profuse, i. 292.
BLENKIRON, Mr., on sexual preference in horses, ii. 272.
BLENNIES, crest developed on the head of male, during the breeding
season, ii. 12.
_Blethisa multipunctata_, stridulation of, i. 379.
BLOCH, on the proportions of the sexes in Fishes, i. 308.
BLOOD, arterial, red colour of, i. 323.
BLOOD-PHEASANT, number of spurs in, ii. 46.
BLUEBREAST, red-throated, sexual differences of the, ii. 195.
BLUMENBACH, on Man, i. 111;
on the large size of the nasal cavities in American aborigines,
i. 119;
on the position of man, i. 190;
on the number of species of man, i. 226.
BLYTH, E., observations on Indian crows, i. 77;
on the structure of the hand in species of _Hylobates_, i. 140;
on the ascertainment of the sex of nestling bullfinches by pulling
out breast-feathers, ii. 24;
on the pugnacity of the males of _Gallinula cristata_, ii. 41;
on the presence of spurs in the female _Euplocamus erythropthalmus_,
ii. 46;
on the pugnacity of the amadavat, ii. 49;
on the spoonbill, ii. 60;
on the moulting of _Anthus_, ii. 83;
on the moulting of bustards, plovers, and _Gallus bankiva_, ii. 84;
on the Indian honey-buzzard, ii. 126;
on sexual differences in the colour or the eyes of hornbills,
ii. 129;
on _Oriolus melanocephalus_, ii. 178;
on _Palaeornis javanicus_, ii. 179;
on the genus _Ardetta_, ii. 179;
on the peregrine falcon, ii. 180;
on young female birds acquiring male characters, ii. 180;
on the immature plumage of birds, ii. 185;
on representative species of birds, ii. 190;
on the young of _Turnix_, ii. 202;
on anomalous young of _Lanius rufus_ and _Colymbus glacialis_,
ii. 211;
on the sexes and young of the sparrows, ii. 212;
on dimorphism in some herons, ii. 214;
on orioles breeding in immature plumage, ii. 214;
on the sexes and young of _Buphus_ and _Anastomus_, ii. 217;
on the young of the blackcap and blackbird, ii. 219;
on the young of the stonechat, ii. 220;
on the white plumage of _Anastomus_, ii. 229;
on the horns of _Antilope bezoartica_, ii. 246;
on the horns of Bovine animals, ii. 247;
on the mode of fighting of _Ovis cycloceros_, ii. 249;
on the voice of the Gibbons, ii. 276;
on the crest of the male wild goat, ii. 282;
on the colours of _Portax picta_, ii. 287;
on the colours of _Antilope bezoartica_, ii. 288;
on the development of the horns in the Koodoo and Eland antelopes,
i. 289;
on the colour of the Axis deer, ii. 290;
on sexual difference of colour in _Hylobates hoolock_, ii. 291;
on the hog-deer, ii. 303;
on the beard and whiskers in a monkey becoming white with age,
ii. 319.
BOAR, wild, polygamous in India, i. 267;
use of the tusks by the, ii. 256;
fighting of, ii. 263.
BOITARD and Corbie, MM., on the transmission of sexual peculiarities
in pigeons, i. 283;
on the antipathy shown by some female pigeons to certain males,
ii. 118.
BOLD, Mr., on the singing of a sterile hybrid canary, ii. 53.
BOMBET, on the variability of the standard of beauty in Europe,
ii. 370.
_Bombus_, difference of the sexes in, i. 366.
BOMBYCIDAE, coloration of, i. 394;
pairing of the, i. 401.
_Bombycilla carolinensis_, red appendages of, ii. 179.
_Bombyx cynthia_, i. 346;
proportion of the sexes in, i. 309, 313;
pairing of, i. 401.
_Bombyx mori_, difference of size of the male and female cocoons of,
i. 346;
pairing of, i. 401.
_Bombyx Pernyi_, proportion of sexes of, i. 313.
_Bombyx Yamamai_, i. 346;
M. Personnat on, i. 310;
proportion of sexes of, i. 313.
BONAPARTE, C. L., on the call-notes of the wild turkey, ii. 60.
BOND, F., on the finding of new mates by crows, ii. 104.
BONE, implements of, skill displayed in making, i. 138.
BONER, C., on the transfer of male characters to an old female chamois,
ii. 245;
on the antlers of the red deer, ii. 252;
on the habits of stags, ii. 259;
on the pairing of red deer, ii. 269.
BONES, increase of, in length and thickness, when carrying a greater
weight, i. 116.
BONNET monkey, i. 192.
BOOMERANG, i. 183.
_Boreus hyemalis_, scarcity of the male, i. 314.
BORY St. Vincent, on the number of species of man, i. 226;
on the colours of _Labrus pavo_, ii. 16.
_Bos gaurus_, horns of, ii. 247.
_Bos primigenius_, ii. 240.
_Bos sondaicus_, horns of, ii. 247;
colours of, ii. 289.
BOTOCUDOS, i. 181;
mode of life of, i. 247;
disfigurement of the ears and lower lip of the, ii. 341.
BOUCHER de Perthes, J. C. de, on the antiquity of man, i. 3.
BOURBON, proportion of the sexes in a species of _Papilio_ from,
i. 310.
BOURIEN, on the marriage-customs of the savages of the Malay
Archipelago, ii. 373.
BOVIDAE, dewlaps of, ii. 284.
BOWER-BIRDS, ii. 102;
habits of the, ii. 69;
ornamented playing-places of, i. 63, ii. 112.
BOWS, use of, i. 232.
BRACHIOPODA, i. 329.
BRACHYCEPHALIC structure, possible explanation of, i. 148.
_Brachyscelus_, second pair of antennae in the male, i. 337.
BRACHYURA, i. 332.
_Brachyurus calvus_, scarlet face of, ii. 309.
BRAIN, of man, agreement of the, with that of lower animals, i. 10;
convolutions of, in the human foetus, i. 16;
larger in some existing mammals than in their tertiary prototypes,
i. 51;
relation of the development of the, to the progress of language,
i. 57;
disease of the, affecting speech, i. 58;
influence of development of mental faculties upon the size of the,
i. 145;
influence of the development of, on the spinal column and skull,
i. 146;
difference in the convolutions of, in different races of men,
i. 216.
BRAKENRIDGE, Dr., on the influence of climate, i. 115.
BRAUBACH, Prof., on the quasi-religious feeling of a dog towards
his master, i. 68;
on the self-restraint of dogs, i. 78.
BRAUER, F., on dimorphism in _Neurothemis_, i. 363.
BRAZIL, skulls found in caves of, i. 218;
population of, i. 225;
compression of the nose by the natives of, ii. 352.
BREAK between man and the apes, i. 200.
BREAM, proportion of the sexes in the, i. 308.
BREEDING, age of, in birds, ii. 214.
BREEDING season, sexual characters making their appearance in the,
in birds, ii. 80.
BREHM, on the effects of intoxicating liquors on monkeys, i. 12;
on the recognition of women by male _Cynocephali_, i. 13;
on revenge taken by monkeys, i. 40;
on manifestations of maternal affection by monkeys and baboons,
i. 41;
on the instinctive dread of monkeys for serpents, i. 42;
on a baboon using a mat for shelter from the sun, i. 53;
on the use of stones as missiles by baboons, i. 51;
on the signal-cries of monkeys, i. 57;
on sentinels posted by monkeys, i. 74;
on co-operation of animals, i. 75;
on an eagle attacking a young _Cercopithecus_, i. 76;
on baboons in confinement protecting one of their number from
punishment, i. 78;
on the habits of baboons when plundering, i. 79;
on the diversity of the mental faculties of monkeys, i. 110;
on the habits of baboons, i. 141;
on polygamy in _Cynocephalus_ and _Cebus_, i. 266;
on the numerical proportion of the sexes in birds, i. 306;
on the love-dance of the Black-cock, ii. 45;
on _Palamedea cornuta_, ii. 48;
on the habits of the Black-grouse, ii. 49;
on sound produced by Birds of Paradise, ii. 63;
on assemblages of grouse, ii. 101;
on the finding of new mates by birds, ii. 106;
on the fighting of wild boars, ii. 263;
on the habits of _Cynocephalus hamadryas_, ii. 362.
BRENT, Mr., on the courtship of fowls, ii. 117.
BRESLAU, numerical proportion of male and female births in, i. 301.
BRIDGMAN, Laura, i. 57.
BRIMSTONE butterfly, i. 393;
sexual difference of colour in the, i. 409.
BRITISH, ancient, tattooing practised by, ii. 339.
BROCA, Prof., on the occurrence of the supra-condyloid foramen in
the human humerus, i. 28;
on the capacity of Parisian skulls at different periods, i. 146;
on the influence of natural selection, i. 152;
on hybridity in man, i. 220;
on human remains from Les Eyzies, i. 237;
on the cause of the difference between Europeans and Hindoos,
i. 240.
BRODIE, Sir B., on the origin of the moral sense in man, i. 71.
BRONN, H. G., on the copulation of insects of distinct species,
i. 342.
BRONZE period, men of, in Europe, i. 160.
BROWN, R., sentinels of seals generally females, i. 74;
on the battles of seals, ii. 240;
on the narwhal, ii. 242;
on the occasional absence of the tusks in the female walrus,
ii. 242;
on the bladder-nose seal, ii. 278;
on the colours of the sexes in _Phoca groenlandica_, ii. 287;
on the appreciation of music by seals, ii. 333;
on plants used as love-philters, by North American women, ii. 344.
BROWN-SEQUARD, Dr., on the inheritance of the effects of operations
by guinea pigs, ii. 380.
BRUCE, on the use of the elephant's tusks, ii. 249.
BRULERIE, P. de la, on the habits of _Ateuchus cicatricosus_, i. 376;
on the stridulation of _Ateuchus_, i. 384.
BRUENNICH, on the pied ravens of the Feroe islands, ii. 126.
BRYANT, Capt., on the courtship of _Callorhinus ursinus_, ii. 269.
_Bubas bison_, thoracic projection of, i. 372.
_Bucephalus capensis_, difference of the sexes of, in colour, ii. 29.
_Buceros_, nidification and incubation of, ii. 169.
_Buceros bicornis_, sexual differences in the colouring of the casque,
beak, and mouth in, ii. 129.
_Buceros corrugatus_, sexual difference in the beak of, ii. 72.
BUECHNER, L., on the origin of man, i. 4;
on the want of self-consciousness, &c., in low savages, i. 62;
on the use of the human foot as a prehensile organ, i. 142;
on the mode of progression of the apes, i. 142.
BUCKLAND, F., on the numerical proportion of the sexes in rats,
i. 305;
on the proportion of the sexes in the trout, i. 308;
on _Chimaera monstrosa_, ii. 12.
BUCKLAND, W., on the complexity of crinoids, i. 61.
BUCKLER, W., proportion of sexes of Lepidoptera reared by, i. 313.
BUCKINGHAMSHIRE, numerical proportion of male and female births in,
i. 300.
_Bucorax abyssinicus_, inflation of the neck-wattle of the male,
during courtship, ii. 72.
_Budytes Raii_, i. 260.
BUFFALO, Cape, ii. 250.
BUFFALO, Indian, horns of the, ii. 247.
BUFFALO, Italian, mode of fighting of the, ii. 250.
BUFFON, on the number of species of man, i. 226.
BUGS, i. 349.
BUIST, R., on the proportion of the sexes in salmon, i. 308;
on the pugnacity of the male salmon, ii. 3.
BULBUL, pugnacity of the male, ii. 41;
display of under tail-coverts by the male, ii. 96.
BULL, mode of fighting of the, ii. 250;
curled frontal hair of the, ii. 282.
BULLFINCH, sexual differences in the, i. 269;
piping, ii. 52;
female, singing of the, ii. 54;
courtship of the, ii. 94;
widowed, finding a new mate, ii. 105;
attacking a reed-bunting, ii. 111;
nestling, sex ascertained by pulling out breast-feathers, ii. 214.
BULLFINCHES distinguishing persons, ii. 110;
rivalry of female, ii. 121.
BULLS, two young, attacking an old one, i. 75;
wild, battles of, ii. 240.
BULL-TROUT, male, colouring of, during the breeding season, ii. 14.
BUNTING, reed, head feathers of the male, ii. 95;
attacked by a bullfinch, ii. 111.
BUNTINGS, characters of young, ii. 184.
_Buphus coromandus_, sexes and young of, ii. 217;
change of colour in, ii. 231, 232.
BURCHELL, Dr., on the zebra, ii. 302;
on the extravagance of a Bushwoman in adorning herself, ii. 344;
celibacy unknown among the savages of South Africa, ii. 367;
on the marriage-customs of the Bushwomen, ii. 374.
BURKE, on the number of species of man, i. 226.
BURMESE, colour of the beard in, ii. 319.
BURTON, Capt., on negro ideas of female beauty, ii. 346;
on a universal ideal of beauty, ii. 351.
BUSHMEN, i. 157.
BUSHWOMAN, extravagant ornamentation of a, ii. 344.
BUSHWOMEN, hair of, i. 216;
marriage-customs of, ii. 374.
BUSK, Prof. G., on the occurrence of the supra-condyloid foramen
in the human humerus, i. 28.
BUSTARD, throat-pouch of the male, ii. 58;
humming noise produced by a male, ii. 65;
Indian, ear-tufts of a, ii. 73.
BUSTARDS, occurrence of sexual differences and of polygamy among the,
i. 269;
love-gestures of the male, ii. 68;
double moult in, ii. 81, 83.
BUTLER, A. G., on sexual differences in the wings of _Aricoris epitus_,
i. 345;
on the colouring of the sexes in species of _Thecla_, i. 389;
on the resemblance of _Iphias glaucippe_ to a leaf, i. 394;
on the rejection of certain moths and caterpillars by lizards and
frogs, i. 417.
BUTTERFLY, noise produced by a, i. 387;
Emperor, i. 386, 388;
meadow brown, instability of the ocellated spots of, ii. 132.
BUTTERFLIES, proportion of the sexes in, i. 309;
forelegs atrophied in some male, i. 344;
sexual difference in the neuration of the wings of, i. 345;
pugnacity of male, i. 386;
protective resemblances of the lower surface of, i. 392;
display of the wings by, i. 396;
white, alighting upon bits of paper, i. 400;
attracted by a dead specimen of the same species, i. 400;
courtship of, i. 400;
male and female, inhabiting different stations, i. 403.
BUXTON, C., observations on macaws, i. 76;
on an instance of benevolence in a parrot, ii. 109.
BUZZARD, Indian honey-, variation in the crest of, ii. 126.
C.
CABBAGE butterflies, i. 393.
CACHALOT, large head of the male, ii. 242.
CADENCES, musical, perception of, by animals, ii. 333.
CAECUM, i. 27;
large, in the early progenitors of man, i. 206.
_Cairina moschata_, pugnacity of the male, ii. 43.
_Callianassa_, chelae of, figured, i. 330.
_Callionymus lyra_, characters of the male, ii. 7.
_Callorhinus ursinus_, relative size of the sexes of, ii. 260;
courtship of, ii. 269.
_Calotes nigrilabris_, sexual difference in the colour of, ii. 36.
CAMBRIDGE, O. Pickard, on the sexes of spiders, i. 315.
CAMEL, canine teeth of male, ii. 241, 257.
CAMPBELL, J., on the Indian elephant, i. 267, 268;
on the proportion of male and female births in the harems of Siam,
i. 303.
_Campylopterus hemileucurus_, i. 307.
CANARIES distinguishing persons, ii. 110.
CANARY, polygamy of the, i. 270;
change of plumage in, after moulting, i. 294;
female, selecting the best singing male, ii. 52;
sterile hybrid, singing of a, ii. 53;
female, singing of the, ii. 54;
selecting a greenfinch, ii. 115;
and siskin, pairing of, ii. 115.
CANESTRINI, G., on rudimentary characters and the origin of man, i. 4;
on rudimentary characters, i. 17;
on the movement of the ear in man, i. 20;
on the variability of the vermiform appendage in man, i. 27;
on the abnormal division of the malar bone in man, i. 124;
on abnormal conditions of the human uterus, i. 124;
on the persistence of the frontal suture in man, i. 125;
on the proportion of the sexes in silk-moths, i. 309, 311.
CANINE teeth in man, i. 126;
diminution of, in man, i. 144;
diminution of, in horses, i. 144;
disappearance of, in male ruminants, i. 144;
large, in the early progenitors of man, i. 206.
CANINES, and horns, inverse development of, ii. 257.
CANOES, use of, i. 137, 234.
_Cantharis_, difference of colour in the sexes of a species of,
i. 367.
CAPERCAILZIE, proportion of the sexes in the, i. 306;
pugnacity of the male, ii. 45;
pairing of the, ii. 49;
autumn meetings of the, ii. 54;
call of the, ii. 61;
duration of the courtship of, ii. 100;
behaviour of the female, ii. 121;
inconvenience of black colour to the female, ii. 154;
sexual difference in coloration of the, ii. 226;
crimson eye-cere of the male, ii. 227;
polygamous, i. 269.
CAPITAL, i. 169.
CAPITONIDAE, colours and nidification of the, ii. 171.
_Capra aegagrus_, ii. 249;
crest of the male, ii. 282;
sexual difference in the colour of, ii. 289.
_Capreolus Sibiricus subecaudatus_, ii. 298.
CAPRICE, common to man and animals, i. 65.
_Caprimulgus_, noise made by the males of some species of, with their
wings, ii. 62.
_Caprimulgus virginianus_, pairing of, ii. 49.
CARABIDAE, bright colours of, i. 367.
CARBONNIER, on the natural history of the pike, i. 308;
on the relative size of the sexes in fishes, ii. 7.
_Carcineutes_, sexual difference of colour in, ii. 173.
_Carcinus maenas_, i. 331, 333.
_Carduelis elegans_, sexual differences of the beak in, ii. 39.
CARNIVORA, marine, polygamous habits of, i. 268;
sexual differences in the colours of, ii. 286.
CARP, numerical proportion of the sexes in the, i. 308.
CARR, R., on the peewit, ii. 48.
CARRIER pigeon, late development of the wattle in the, i. 293.
CARRION beetles, stridulation of, i. 378.
CARUS, Prof. V., on the development of the horns in merino sheep,
i. 289.
CASSOWARY, sexes and incubation of the, ii. 204.
CASTOREUM, ii. 279.
_Casuarius galeatus_, ii. 204.
CAT, convoluted body in the extremity of the tail of a, i. 30;
sick, sympathy of a dog with a, i. 77.
CATARACT in _Cebus Azarae_, i. 12.
CATARRH, liability of _Cebus Azarae_ to, i. 11.
CATARRHINE monkeys, i. 196.
CATERPILLARS, bright colours of, i. 415.
_Cathartes aura_, ii. 116.
_Cathartes jota_, love-gestures of the male, ii. 68.
CATLIN, G., on the development of the beard among North American
Indians, ii. 322;
on the great length of the hair in some North American tribes,
ii. 348.
CATON, J. D., on the development of the horns in _Cervus virginianus_
and _strongyloceros_, i. 288;
on the presence of traces of horns in the female wapiti, ii. 245;
on the fighting of deer, ii. 252;
on the crest of the male wapiti, ii. 282;
on the colours of the Virginian deer, ii. 288;
on sexual differences of colour in the wapiti, ii. 289;
on the spots of the Virginian deer, ii. 303.
CATS, dreaming, i. 46;
tortoise-shell, i. 283, 285, 293;
enticed by valerian, ii. 281;
colours of, ii. 299.
CATTLE, domestic, sexual differences of, late developed, i. 293;
rapid increase of, in South America, i. 135;
domestic, lighter in winter in Siberia, i. 282;
horns of, i. 289, ii. 247;
numerical proportion of the sexes in, i. 305.
CAUDAL vertebrae, number of, in macaques and baboons, i. 150;
basal, of monkeys, imbedded in the body, i. 151.
_Cebus_, maternal affection in a, i. 40;
gradation of species of, i. 227.
_Cebus Azarae_, liability of, to the same diseases as man, i. 11;
distinct sounds produced by, i. 53;
early maturity of the female, ii. 318.
_Cebus capucinus_, polygamous, i. 266;
sexual differences of colour in, ii. 290;
hair on the head of, ii. 307.
_Cebus vellerosus_, hair on the head of, ii. 307.
CECIDOMYIDAE, proportions of the sexes in, i. 314.
CELIBACY, unknown among the savages of South Africa and South America,
ii. 367.
CENTIPEDES, i. 339.
CEPHALOPODA, absence of secondary sexual characters in, i. 325.
_Cephalopterus ornatus_, ii. 58, 59.
_Cephalopterus penduliger_, ii. 59.
_Cerambyx heros_, stridulant organ of, i. 380.
_Ceratophora aspera_, nasal appendages of, ii. 34.
_Ceratophora Stoddartii_, nasal horn of, ii. 34.
_Cerceris_, habits of, i. 364.
_Cercocebus aethiops_, whiskers, &c., of, ii. 308.
_Cercopithecus_, young, seized by an eagle and rescued by the troop,
i. 76;
definition of species of, i. 227.
_Cercopithecus cephus_, sexual difference of colour in, ii. 291, 311.
_Cercopithecus cynosurus_ and _griseo-viridis_, colour of the scrotum
in, ii. 291.
_Cercopithecus Diana_, sexual differences of colour in, ii. 291, 311,
312.
_Cercopithecus griseo-viridis_, i. 75.
_Cercopithecus petaurista_, whiskers, &c., of, ii. 308.
CERES, of birds, bright colours of, ii. 227.
_Ceriornis Temminckii_, swelling of the wattles of the male during
courtship, ii. 72.
_Cervulus_, weapons of, ii. 257.
_Cervulus moschatus_, rudimentary horns of the female, ii. 245.
_Cervus alces_, i. 288.
_Cervus campestris_, odour of, ii. 279.
_Cervus canadensis_, traces of horns in the female, ii. 245;
attacking a man, ii. 253;
sexual difference in the colour of, ii. 289.
_Cervus elaphus_, battles of male, ii. 240;
horns of, with numerous points, ii. 252.
_Cervus Eldi_, i. 288.
_Cervus mantchuricus_, ii. 303.
_Cervus paludosus_, colours of, ii. 290.
_Cervus strongyloceros_, i. 288.
_Cervus virginianus_, i. 288;
horns of, in course of modification, ii. 255.
_Ceryle_, male black-belted in some species of, ii. 173.
CETACEA, nakedness of, i. 148.
CEYLON, frequent absence of beard in the natives of, ii. 321.
CHAFFINCH, proportion of the sexes in the, i. 306, 307;
courtship of the, ii. 94.
CHAFFINCHES, ii. 53;
new mates found by, ii. 105.
_Chalcophaps indicus_, characters of young, ii. 185.
_Chalcosoma atlas_, sexual differences of, i. 368.
_Chamaeleon_, sexual differences in the genus, ii. 34.
_Chamaeleon bifurcus_, ii. 34, 35.
_Chamaeleon Owenii_, ii. 34, 36.
CHAMELEONS, ii. 32.
CHAMOIS, danger-signals of, i. 74;
transfer of male characters to an old female, ii. 245.
_Chamaepetes unicolor_, modified wing-feather in the male, ii. 64.
CHAPUIS, Dr., on the transmission of sexual peculiarities in pigeons,
i. 283;
on streaked Belgian pigeons, i. 294, ii. 157.
CHAR, male, colouring of, during the breeding season, ii. 14.
CHARACTERS, male, developed in females, i. 280;
natural, artificial exaggeration of, by man, ii. 351;
secondary sexual, transmitted through both sexes, i. 279.
_Charadrius hiaticula_ and _pluvialis_, sexes and young of, ii. 216.
CHARDIN on the Persians, ii. 356.
CHARMS, worn by women, ii. 344.
CHARRUAS, freedom of divorce among the, ii. 372.
_Chasmorhynchus_, difference of colour in the sexes of, ii. 79;
colours of, ii. 228.
CHASTITY, early estimation of, i. 96.
CHATTERERS, sexual differences in, i. 269.
CHEIROPTERA, absence of secondary sexual characters in, i. 268.
CHELAE of crustacea, i. 330, 336.
CHELONIA, sexual differences in, ii. 28.
_Chenalopex aegyptiacus_, wing-knobs of, ii. 46.
_Chera progne_, ii. 84, 120.
CHEST, proportions of, in soldiers and sailors, i. 117;
large, of the Quechua and Aymara Indians, i. 119.
CHEVROTAINS, canine teeth of, ii. 257.
_Chiasognathus_, stridulation of, i. 384.
_Chiasognathus Grantii_, mandibles of, i. 377.
CHILDREN, legitimate and illegitimate, proportion of the sexes in,
i. 302.
CHILOE, lice of the natives of, i. 220;
population of, i. 225.
_Chimaera monstrosa_, bony process on the head of the male, ii. 12.
CHIMAEROID fishes, prehensile organs of male, ii. 1.
CHIMPANZEE, ii. 323;
ears of the, i. 21;
representatives of the eyebrows in the, i. 25;
platforms built by the, i. 36;
cracking nuts with a stone, i. 51;
hands of the, i. 139;
absence of mastoid processes in the, i. 143;
direction of the hair on the arms of the, i. 192;
supposed evolution of the, i. 230;
polygamous and social habits of the, ii. 362.
CHINA, North, idea of female beauty in, ii. 344.
CHINA, Southern, inhabitants of, i. 246.
CHINESE, use of flint tools by the, i. 183;
difficulty of distinguishing the races of the, i. 215;
colour of the beard in, ii. 319;
general beardlessness of the, ii. 321;
opinions of the, on the appearance of Europeans and Cingalese,
ii. 345, 347;
compression of the feet of, ii. 352.
CHINSURDI, his opinion of beards, ii. 341, 349.
_Chlamydera maculata_, ii. 70.
_Chloeon_, pedunculated eyes of the male of, i. 341.
_Chloephaga_, coloration of the sexes in, ii. 178.
_Chlorocoelus Tanana_ (figured), i. 355.
CHORDA DORSALIS, i. 207.
CHOUGH, red beak of the, ii. 227.
CHROMIDAE, frontal protuberance in male, ii. 13;
sexual differences in colour of, ii. 20.
_Chrysemys picta_, long claws of the male, ii. 28.
_Chrysococcyx_, characters of young of, ii. 185.
_Chrysomela cerealis_, bright colours of, i. 367.
CHRYSOMELIDAE, stridulation of, i. 379.
_Cicada pruinosa_, i. 351.
_Cicada septendecim_, i. 351.
CICADAE, songs of the, i. 350;
rudimentary sound-organs in females of, i. 359.
CICATRIX of a burn, causing modification of the facial bones, i. 147.
_Cichla_, frontal protuberance of male, ii. 13.
CIMETIERE du Sud, Paris, i. 28.
_Cincloramphus cruralis_, large size of male, ii. 43.
_Cinclus aquaticus_, ii. 170.
CINGALESE, Chinese opinion of the appearance of the, ii. 345.
CIRRIPEDES, complemental males of, i. 255.
CIVILISATION, effects of, upon natural selection, i. 170;
influence of, in the competition of nations, i. 239.
CLANGING of Geese, &c., ii. 51.
CLAPAREDE, E., on natural selection applied to man, i. 137.
CLARKE, on the marriage-customs of the Kalmucks, ii. 373.
CLASSIFICATION, i. 188.
CLAUS, C., on the sexes of _Saphirina_, i. 336.
CLEFT-PALATE, inherited, i. 121.
_Climacteris erythrops_, sexes of, ii. 206.
CLIMATE, i. 115;
cool, favourable to human progress, i. 167;
power of supporting extremes of, by man, i. 237;
want of connexion of, with colour, i. 241.
CLOACA, existence of a, in the early progenitors of man, i. 207.
CLOACAL passage existing in the human embryo, i. 16.
CLUB, origin of the, i. 234.
CLUCKING of fowls, ii. 51.
_Clythra 4-punctata_, stridulation of, i. 379.
COBRA, ingenuity of a, ii. 31.
_Coccus_, i. 186.
COCCYX, i. 29, 30;
in the human embryo, i. 16;
convoluted body at the extremity of the, i. 30;
imbedded in the body, i. 151.
COCHIN-CHINA, notions of beauty of the inhabitants of, ii. 345, 347.
COCK, game, killing a kite, ii. 44;
blind, fed by its companions, i. 77;
comb and wattles of the, ii. 98;
preference shown by the, for young hens, ii. 121;
game, transparent zone in the hackles of a, ii. 136.
COCK of the rock, ii. 100.
COCKATOOS, ii. 226, 228, 230;
nestling, ii. 109;
black, immature plumage of, ii. 188.
COELENTERATA, absence of secondary sexual characters in, i. 321.
COFFEE, fondness of monkeys for, i. 12.
COLD, supposed effects of, i. 116;
power of supporting, by man, i. 237.
COLEOPTERA, i. 366;
stridulant organs of, discussed, i. 381.
COLLINGWOOD, C., on the pugnacity of the butterflies of Borneo,
i. 386;
on butterflies being attracted by a dead specimen of the same
species, i. 400.
COLOMBIA, flattened heads of savages of, ii. 340.
COLONISTS, success of the English as, i. 179.
COLORATION, protective, in birds, ii. 223.
COLOUR, supposed to be dependent on light and heat, i. 115;
correlation of, with immunity from certain poisons and parasites,
i. 242;
purpose of, in lepidoptera, i. 399;
relation of, to sexual functions, in fishes, ii. 14;
difference of, in the sexes of snakes, ii. 29;
sexual differences of, in lizards, ii. 36;
influence of, in the pairing of birds of different species, ii. 115;
relation of, to nidification, ii. 167, 172;
sexual differences of, in mammals, ii. 286, 294;
recognition of, by quadrupeds, ii. 295;
of children, in different races of man, ii. 318;
of the skin in man, ii. 381.
COLOURS, admired alike by man and animals, i. 64;
bright, due to sexual selection, i. 322;
bright, among the lower animals, i. 322, 323;
bright, protective to butterflies and moths, i. 395;
bright, in male fishes, ii. 7, 13;
transmission of, in birds, ii. 159.
COLQUHOUN, example of reasoning in a retriever, i. 48.
_Columba passerina_, young of, ii. 188.
_Colymbus glacialis_, anomalous young of, ii. 211.
COMB, development of, in fowls, i. 295.
COMBS and wattles in male birds, ii. 98.
COMMUNITY, preservation of variations useful to the, by natural
selection, i. 155.
COMPOSITAE, gradation of species among the, i. 227.
COMTE, C., on the expression of the ideal of beauty by sculpture,
ii. 380.
CONDITIONS of life, action of changed, upon man, i. 113;
influence of, on plumage of birds, ii. 196.
CONDOR, eyes and comb of the, ii. 129.
CONJUGATIONS, origin of, i. 61.
CONSCIENCE, i. 91, 104;
absence of, in some criminals, i. 92.
CONSTITUTION, difference of, in different races of men, i. 216.
CONSUMPTION, liability of _Cebus Azarae_ to, i. 12;
connexion between complexion and, i. 244.
CONVERGENCE, i. 230.
COOING of pigeons and doves, ii. 60.
COOK, Capt., on the nobles of the Sandwich Islands, ii. 356.
COPE, E. D., on the dinosauria, i. 204;
on the origin of genera, ii. 215.
_Cophotis ceylanica_, sexual differences of, ii. 32, 36.
_Copris_, i. 370.
_Copris Isidis_, sexual differences of, i. 369.
_Copris lunaris_, stridulation of, i. 380.
CORALS, bright colours of, i. 322.
CORAL-SNAKES, ii. 31.
_Cordylus_, sexual difference of colour in a species of, ii. 36.
CORFU, habits of the chaffinch in, i. 307.
CORNELIUS, on the proportions of the sexes in _Lucanus Cervus_,
i. 313.
CORPORA WOLFFIANA, i. 207;
agreement of, with the kidneys of fishes, i. 16.
CORRELATED variation, i. 130.
CORRELATION, influence of, in the production of races, i. 247.
CORSE, on the mode of fighting of the elephant, ii. 257.
_Corvus corone_, ii. 104.
_Corvus graculus_, red beak of, ii. 227.
_Corvus pica_, nuptial assembly of, ii. 102.
_Corydalis cornutus_, large jaws of the male, i. 342.
_Cosmetornis_, ii. 181.
_Cosmetornis vexillarius_, elongation of wing-feathers in, ii. 73, 97.
COTINGIDAE, sexual differences in, i. 269;
coloration of the sexes of, ii. 177;
resemblance of the females of distinct species of, ii. 192.
_Cottus scorpius_, sexual differences in, ii. 9.
COUNTING, origin of, i. 181;
limited power of, in primeval man, i. 234.
COURAGE, variability of, in the same species, i. 40;
universal high appreciation of, i. 95;
importance of, i. 162;
a characteristic of men, ii. 328.
COURTSHIP, greater eagerness of males in, i. 272;
of fishes, ii. 2;
of birds, ii. 50, 100.
COW, winter change of the, ii. 299.
CRAB, devil, i. 332.
CRAB, shore, habits of, i. 331.
_Crabro cribrarius_, dilated tibiae of the male, i. 343.
CRABS, proportions of the sexes in, i. 315.
CRANZ, on the inheritance of dexterity in seal-catching, i. 117.
CRAWFURD, on the number of species of man, i. 226.
_Crenilabrus massa_ and _C. melops_, nests built by, ii. 19.
CREST, origin of, in Polish fowls, i. 284.
CRESTS, of birds, difference of, in the sexes, ii. 189;
dorsal hairy, of mammals, ii. 282.
CRICKET, field-, stridulation of the, i. 353;
pugnacity of male, i. 360.
CRICKET, house-, stridulation of the, i. 352, 354.
CRICKETS, sexual differences in, i. 361.
CRIOCERIDAE, stridulation of the, i. 379.
CRINOIDS, complexity of, i. 61.
CROAKING of frogs, ii. 27.
CROCODILES, musky odour of, during the breeding season, ii. 29.
CROCODILIA, ii. 28.
CROSSBILLS, characters of young, ii. 184.
CROSSES in man, i. 225.
CROSSING of races, effects of the, i. 241.
_Crossoptilon auritum_, ii. 93, 166, 196;
adornment of both sexes of, i. 290;
sexes alike in, ii. 178.
CROTCH, G. R., on the stridulation of beetles, i. 379, 382;
on the stridulation of _Heliopathes_, i. 383;
on the stridulation of _Acalles_, i. 384.
CROW Indians, long hair of the, ii. 348.
CROW, young of the, ii. 209.
CROWS, ii. 226;
vocal organs of the, ii. 55;
living in triplets, ii. 106.
CROWS, carrion, new mates found by, ii. 104.
CROWS, Indian, feeding their blind companions, i. 77.
CRUELTY of savages to animals, i. 94.
CRUSTACEA, amphipod, males sexually mature while young, ii. 215;
parasitic, loss of limbs by female, i. 255;
prehensile feet and antennae of, i. 256;
male, more active than female, i. 272;
parthenogenesis in, i. 315;
secondary sexual characters of, i. 328;
auditory hairs of, ii. 333.
CRYSTAL worn in the lower lip by some Central African women, ii. 341.
CUCKOO fowls, i. 294.
CULICIDAE, i. 254, 349.
CULLEN, Dr., on the throat-pouch of the male bustard, ii. 58.
CULTIVATION of plants, probable origin of, i. 167.
CUPPLES, Mr., on the numerical proportion of the sexes in dogs, sheep,
and cattle, i. 304, 305;
on the Scotch deerhound, ii. 261;
on sexual preference in dogs, ii. 271, 272.
CURCULIONIDAE, sexual difference in length of snout in some, i. 255;
hornlike processes in male, i. 374;
musical, i. 378, 379.
CURIOSITY, manifestations of, by animals, i. 42.
CURLEWS, double moult in, ii. 80.
CURSORES, comparative absence of sexual differences among the, i. 269.
CURTIS, J., on the proportion of the sexes in _Athalia_, i. 314.
CUVIER, F., on the recognition of women by male quadrumana, i. 13.
CUVIER, G., views of, as to the position of man, i. 190;
on instinct and intelligence, i. 37;
on the number of caudal vertebrae in the mandrill, i. 150;
on the position of the seals, i. 190;
on _Hectocotyle_, i. 325.
_Cyanecula suecica_, sexual differences of, ii. 195.
_Cyanalcyon_, sexual difference in colours of, ii. 173;
immature plumage of, ii. 188.
_Cychrus_, sounds produced by, i. 382.
_Cycnia mendica_, sexual difference of colour in, i. 398.
_Cygnus ferus_, trachea of, ii. 59.
_Cygnus olor_, white young of, ii. 211.
_Cyllo Leda_, instability of the ocellated spots of, ii. 133.
_Cynanthus_, variation in the genus, ii. 125.
CYNIPIDAE, proportions of the sexes in, i. 314.
_Cynocephalus_, difference of the young, from the adult, i. 13;
male, recognition of women by, i. 13;
polygamous habits of species of, i. 266.
_Cynocephalus chacma_, i. 41.
_Cynocephalus gelada_, i. 51.
_Cynocephalus hamadryas_, i. 51;
sexual difference of colour in, ii. 291.
_Cynocephalus leucophoeus_, colours of the sexes of, ii. 292.
_Cynocephalus mormon_, colours of the male, ii. 292, 296, 310.
_Cynocephalus porcarius_, mane of the male, ii. 267.
_Cypridina_, proportions of the sexes in, i. 315.
CYPRINIDAE, proportion of the sexes in the, i. 308.
CYPRINIDAE, Indian, ii. 17.
CYPRINODONTIDAE, sexual differences in the, ii. 7, 9.
_Cyprinus auratus_, ii. 16.
_Cyprinus phoxinus_, spawning of, ii. 15.
_Cypris_, relations of the sexes in, i. 315.
_Cystophora cristata_, hood of, ii. 278.
D.
_Dacelo_, sexual difference of colour in, ii. 174.
_Dacelo Gaudichaudi_, young male of, ii. 188.
DAL-RIPA, a kind of ptarmigan, i. 306.
_Damalis albifrons_, peculiar markings of, ii. 301.
_Damalis pygarga_, peculiar markings of, ii. 300.
DAMPNESS of climate, supposed influence of, on the colour of the skin,
i. 116, 242.
_Danaidae_, i. 387.
DANCES of birds, ii. 68.
DANCING, i. 232.
DANIELL, Dr., his experience of residence in West Africa, i. 245.
DARFUR, protuberances artificially produced in, ii. 339.
DARWIN, F., on the stridulation of _Dermestes murinus_, i. 379.
_Dasychira pudibunda_, sexual difference of colour in, i. 398.
DAVIS, A. H., on the pugnacity of the male stag-beetle, i. 375.
DAVIS, J. B., on the capacity of the skull in various races of men,
i. 146;
on the beards of the Polynesians, ii. 322.
DEATH-RATE higher in towns than in rural districts, i. 175.
DEATH-TICK, i. 384.
DE CANDOLLE, Alph., on a case of inherited power of moving the scalp,
i. 20.
DECLENSIONS, origin of, i. 61.
DECORATION in birds, ii. 71.
_Decticus_, i. 355.
DEER, spots of young, ii. 184, 303;
horns of, ii. 243, 248;
use of horns of, ii. 252, 263;
size of the horns of, ii. 259;
female, pairing with one male, whilst others are fighting for her,
ii. 269;
male, attracted by the voice of the female, ii. 276;
male, odour emitted by, ii. 279;
development of the horns in, i. 288;
horns of a, in course of modification, ii. 255.
DEER, Axis, sexual, difference in the colour of the, ii. 290.
DEER, fallow, different coloured herds of, ii. 295.
DEER, Mantchurian, ii. 303.
DEER, Virginian, ii. 303;
colour of the, not affected by castration, ii. 288;
colours of, ii. 289.
DEERHOUND, Scotch, greater size of the male, i. 293, ii. 260.
DEFENSIVE organs of mammals, ii. 263.
DE GEER, C., on a female spider destroying a male, i. 339.
DEKAY, Dr., on the bladder-nose seal, ii. 278.
DEMERARA, yellow fever in, i. 243.
_Dendrocygna_, ii. 185.
_Dendrophila frontalis_, young of, ii. 220.
DENNY, H., on the lice of domestic animals, i. 219.
_Dermestes murinus_, stridulation of, i. 379.
DESCENT traced through the mother alone, ii. 359.
DESERTS, protective colouring of animals inhabiting, ii. 224.
DESMAREST, on the absence of suborbital pits in
_Antilope subgutturosa_, ii. 280;
on the whiskers of _Macacus_, ii. 283;
on the colour of the opossum, ii. 286;
on the colours of the sexes of _Mus minutus_, ii. 286;
on the colouring of the ocelot, ii. 287;
on the colours of seals, ii. 287;
on _Antilope caama_, ii. 289;
on the colours of goats, ii. 290;
on sexual difference of colour in _Ateles marginatus_, ii. 291;
on the mandrill, ii. 293;
on _Macacus cynomolgus_, ii. 318.
DESMOULINS, on the number of species of man, i. 226;
on the musk-deer, ii. 281.
DESOR, on the imitation of man by monkeys, i. 44.
DESPINE, P., on criminals destitute of conscience, i. 92.
DEVELOPMENT, embryonic, of man, i. 14, 16;
correlated, ii. 130.
DEVIL, not believed in by the Fuegians, i. 67.
DEVIL-CRAB, i. 332.
DEVONIAN, fossil insect from the, i. 360.
DEWLAPS, of cattle and antelopes, ii. 284.
_Diadema_, sexual differences of colouring in the species of, i. 388.
_Diadema anomala_, mimickry by the female of, i. 413.
_Diadema bolina_, i. 413.
DIAMOND-BEETLES, bright colours of, i. 367.
DIASTEMA, occurrence of, in man, i. 126.
DIASTYLIDAE, proportion of the sexes in, i. 315.
DIODORUS, on the absence of beard in the natives of Ceylon, ii. 321.