theory of, 76;
among Lepidoptera, 77;
how it acts as a protection, 80, 81;
of other insects by Lepidoptera, 89;
among beetles, 91;
of other insects by beetles, 95;
of insects by species of other orders, 97;
among the vertebrata, 99;
among snakes, 101;
among tree frogs, 103;
among birds, 103;
among mammals, 107;
objections to the theory of, 108;
by female insects, 110;
among Papilionidae, 179;
never occurs in the male only, 260.
MOMOTIDAE, sexual colouring and nidification of, 241.
MONTROUZIER, M., on butterflies of Woodlark Island, 152.
MORAL sense, difficulty as to the origin of, 352.
MORPHOS, how protected, 73.
MURRAY, Mr. Andrew, objections to theory of mimicry, 108.
MUSCICAPIDAE, sexual colouring and nidification of, 245.
MUSOPHAGIDAE, sexual colouring and nidification of, 242.
NAPEOGENES, all the species are mimickers, 85.
NATURAL selection, the principle stated, 41-43;
general acceptance of the theory of, 46;
tabular demonstration of, 302;
outline of theory of, 307;
its effects on man and animals different, 311;
hardly acts among civilized societies, 330;
what it can not do, 333;
cannot produce injurious or useless modifications, 334.
NECTARINEIDAE, 254.
NECYDALIDAE, mimic Hymenoptera, 96.
_Nemophas grayi_, a Longicorn mimicked by a Longicorn, 95.
NESTS of Birds, why different, 215;
of young birds, how built, 219;
construction of, described by Levaillant, 224;
imperfections in, 229;
influenced by changed conditions and persistent habits, 232;
classification of, according to function, 237.
NEW FORMS, how produced by variation and selection, 286.
NEW GUINEA, relation of the several Papuan islands to, 194.
NOCTURNAL animals, colours of, 51.
NOMADA, 98.
OBEREA, species resemble Tenthredinidae, 96.
_Odontocera odyneroides_, 96.
ODONTOCHEILA, 97.
_Odyncrus sinuatus_, 90.
_Onthophilus sulcatus_, like a seed, 58.
_Onychocerus scorpio_, resembles bark, 56.
ORANGE-TIP butterfly, protective colouring of, 59.
ORCHIS, structure of an, explained by natural selection, 271.
_Orgyia antiqua_ and _O. gonostigma_, autumnal colours of, 62.
ORIOLIDAE, 253.
_Ornithoptera priamus_, 145, 173;
_O. helena_, 173.
_Oxyrhopus petolarius_, _O. trigeminus_, _O. formosus_, 102.
OWEN, Professor, on more generalized structure of extinct
animals, 298.
_Pachyotris fabricii_, 96.
PACHYRHYNCHI, weevils mimicked by Longicorns, 95.
PALEOTHERIUM, 299.
PALOPLOTHERIUM, 299.
PAPILIO, black and red group imitated, 84.
_Papilio achates_, 147;
_P. adamantius_, 171;
_P. aenigma_, 87;
_P. agamemnon_, 141, 158, 170, 171;
_P. agestor_, 180;
_P. alphenor_, 148, 169;
_P. amanga_, 151;
_P. androcles_, 171;
_P. androgeus_, 88, 147, 180, 183;
_P. antiphates_, 141, 171;
_P. antiphus_, 87, 150, 170, 180, 183;
_P. aristaeus_, 171;
_P. arjuna_, 141;
_P. ascalaphus_, 171;
_P. autolycus_, 160;
_P. bathycles_, 141;
_P. blumei_, 171;
_P. brama_, 171;
_P. caunus_, 87, 179;
_P. codrus_, 160, 171;
_P. coeon_, 88, 146, 180, 182;
_P. deiphobus_, 140;
_P. deiphontes_, 171;
_P. delessertii_, 180;
_P. demolion_, 171;
_P. diphilus_, 87, 170, 180, 183;
_P. doubledayi_, 88, 180;
_P. elyros_, 148;
_P. encelades_, 171;
_P. erectheus_, 151;
_P. euripilus_, 160;
_P. evemon_, 159;
_P. gigon_, 171;
_P. glaucus_, 152;
_P. hector_, 87, 150, 180, 183;
_P. helenus_, 160, 171;
_P. hospiton_, 178;
_P. idaeoides_, 180;
_P. jason_, 159, 171;
_P. ledebouria_, 148;
_P. leucothoe_, 171;
_P. leodamas_, 170;
_P. liris_, 87, 180, 184;
_P. macareus_, 179;
_P. machaon_, 178;
_P. melanides_, 148, 150;
_P. memnon_, 88, 140, 146, 147, 152, 180, 183;
_P. milon_, 171;
_P. nephelus_, 140;
_P. nicanor_, 170;
_P. oenomaus_, 88, 180, 184;
_P. onesimus_, 151;
_P. ormenus_, 150, 152, 182;
_P. pammon_, 147, 152, 170, 180;
_P. pamphylus_, 171;
_P. pandion_, 152, 180;
_P. paradoxa_, 87, 179;
_P. peranthus_, 160, 171;
_P. pertinax_, 145;
_P. philoxenus_, 182;
_P. polydorus_, 88, 170, 182;
_P. polytes_, 147, 148;
_P. rhesus_, 171;
_P. romulus_, 87, 148, 150, 183;
_P. sarpedon_, 141, 158, 171;
_P. sataspes_, 171;
_P. severus_, 140, 144;
_P. theseus_, 87, 148, 150, 169, 170, 171, 180, 183;
_P. thule_, 179;
_P. torquatus_, 156;
_P. turnus_, 152;
_P. ulysses_, 140, 160, 173;
_P. varuna_, 88.
PAPILIONIDAE, the question of their rank, 133;
peculiar characters possessed by, 134;
peculiarly diurnal, 136;
compared with groups of mammalia, 138;
distribution of, 140;
large forms of Celebes and Moluccas, 168;
large forms of Amboyna, 169;
local variation of form, 169;
arrangement of, 186;
geographical distribution of, 189;
of Indo-Malay and Austro-Malay regions, 192;
of Java, Sumatra, and Borneo, 193.
PARIDAE, sexual colouring and nidification of, 243.
PASSENGER pigeon, cause of its great numbers, 308.
PATENT inventions, as illustrating classification, 295.
_Phacellocera batesii_, mimics one of the Anthribidae, 94.
_Phalaropus fulicarius_, 115, 251.
PHASMIDAE, imitate sticks and twigs, 64;
females resembling leaves, 112.
PHYLLIUM, wonderful protective colour and form of, 64.
PHYSALIA, 258.
PIERIDAE, local modification of form in, 172.
PIERIS, females only imitating Heliconidae, 112.
_Pieris coronis_, 172;
_eperia_, 172.
_Pieris pyrrha_, 113.
PICIDAE, sexual colouring and nidification of, 242.
PIPRIDAE, sexual colouring and nidification of, 245.
PITTIDAE, 253.
_Pliocerus equalis_, 101;
_P. elapoides, P. euryzonus_, 102.
_Paeciloderma terminale_, 93.
POLARITY, Forbes' theory of, 17, 45.
POLYMORPHISM, 145;
illustration of, 157.
POPULATION of species, law of, 28;
does not permanently increase, 29;
not determined by abundance of offspring, 29;
checks to, 30;
difference in the case of cats and rabbits explained, 32.
PREVISION, a case of, 122.
PRIONITURUS, 196.
PROTECTION, various modes in which animals obtain it, 69-71, 258;
greater need of, in female insects and birds, 113.
PROTECTIVE colouring, theory of, 65.
PSITTACI (Parrots), sexual colouring and nidification of, 242.
PTEROSAURIA, 298.
PTYCHODERES, 94.
RACES, or subspecies, 160;
of man, origin of, 319.
REDBREAST and woodpigeon, protective colouring of, 53, 54.
REPRESENTATIVE groups, 9;
of Trogons, butterflies, &c., 12.
REPTILES, protective colouring of, 54.
RHAMPHASTIDAE, sexual colouring and nidification of, 242.
RHINOCEROS, 299.
RIVER system, as illustrating self-adaptation, 276.
ROSES, Mr. Baker on varieties of, 165.
RUDIMENTARY organs, 23.
SALVIN, Mr. Osbert, on a case of bird mimicry, 107.
_Saturnia pavonia-minor_, protective colouring of larva of, 63.
SATYRIDAE, probable means of protection of, 176.
SAUROPTERYGIA, 299.
SAVAGES, why they become extinct, 319;
undeveloped intellect of, 339, 341;
intellect of, compared with that of animals, 341, 343;
protect their backs from rain, 346.
SCANSORIAL birds, nests of, 238.
SCAPHURA, 98.
SCISSIROSTRUM, 165.
SCOPULIPEDES, brush-legged bees, 91.
SCUDDER, Mr., on fossil insects, 301.
SCUTELLERIDAE, mimicked by Longicorns, 96.
_Sesia bombiliformis_, 90.
SESIIDAE, mimic Hymenoptera, 90.
SEXES, comparative importance of, in different classes of
animals, 111;
diverse habits of, 156.
SEXUAL SELECTION, 156;
its normal action to develop colour in both sexes, 247;
among birds, 283.
SIDGWICK, Mr. A., on protective colouring of moths, 62.
SIMOCYONIDAE, 300.
SITTA, sexual colouring and nidification of, 243.
SITTELLA, sexual colouring and nidification of, 243.
SNAKES, mimicry among, 101.
SONG of birds, instinctive or imitative, 220.
SPECIES, law of population of, 28;
abundance or rarity of, dependent on the adaptation to
conditions, 33;
definition of, 141, 161;
the range and constancy of, 143;
extreme variation in, 163, 164.
SPEED of animals, limits of, 292.
_Sphecia craboniforme_, 90.
_Sphecomorpha chalybea_, 96.
SPHEGIDAE, mimicked by flies, 97.
SPIDERS, which mimic ants, 98;
and flower buds, 99.
_Spilosoma menthastri_, 88.
STAINTON, Mr., on moths rejected by turkeys, 78, 88.
STALACHTIS, a genus of Erycinidae, the object of mimicry, 84.
STINGING insects generally conspicuously coloured, 72.
STREPTOCITTA, 196.
STURNIDAE, sexual colouring and nidification of, 244.
STURNOPASTOR, 239.
ST. HELENA, 10.
_Streptolabis hispoides_, 93.
STRUGGLE for existence, 28, 33.
SURVIVAL of the fittest, law of, stated, 33;
its action in determining colour, 67.
SWAINSON'S circular and quinarian theory, 45.
SYLVIADAE, sexual colouring and nidification of, 245.
SYNAPTA, 258.
_TACHORNIS phoenicobea_, 228.
_Tachyris hombronii_, 172;
_ithome_, 172;
_lycaste_, 172;
_lyncida_, 172;
_nephele_, 172;
_nero_, 172;
_zarinda_, 172.
TANAGRIDAE, sexual colouring and nidification of, 245.
TAPIR, 299.
TELEPHORI, similar colouring of two sexes, 114.
TEMPERATE and cold climates favourable to civilization, 318.
THECODONTIA, 299.
THERATES, mimicked by Heteromera, 95.
_Thyca descombesi_, 172;
_hyparete_, 172;
_rosenbergii_, 172;
_zebuda_, 172.
TIGER, adaptive colouring of, 52.
TIMES newspaper on Natural Selection, 296.
TOOLS, importance of, to man, 314.
TREE FROGS, probable mimicry by, 103.
TRICONDYLA, 97.
TRIMEN, Mr., on rank of the Papilionidae, 136.
TRISTRAM, Rev. H., on colours of desert animals, 50.
_Trochilium tipuliforme_, 90.
TROGONIDAE, sexual colouring and nidification of, 241.
TROPICAL birds often green, 52.
TROPICS, most favourable to production of perfect adaptation among
animals, 68;
not favourable to growth of civilization, 318.
TROPIDORHYNCHUS mimicked by orioles, 104.
TRUTHFULNESS of some savages, 353;
not to be explained on utilitarian hypothesis, 354.
TURDIDAE, sexual colouring and nidification of, 245.
TURNIX, 115, 251.
TYNDALL, Professor, on origin of consciousness, 361.
UPUPIDAE, sexual colouring and nidification of, 241.
USEFUL and useless variations, 34.
UTILITY, importance of the principle of, 47, 127.
VARIABILITY, simple, 144.
VARIATIONS, useful and useless, 34;
laws of, 143, 266;
as influenced by locality, 166;
of size, 168;
universality of, 287-291;
are there limits to, 291;
of domestic dogs, 293;
of pigeons, 293.
VARIETIES, instability of, supposed to prove the permanent
distinctness of species, 26;
if superior will extirpate original species, 36;
its reversion then impossible, 37;
of domesticated animals may partially revert, 38, 40;
inconvenience of using the term, 161.
VERTEBRATA, mimicry among, 99.
VOICE of man, not explained by natural selection, 350.
VOLUCELLA, species of mimic bees, 75, 98.
WALSH, Mr., on dimorphism, of _Papilio turnus_, 153.
WEAPONS and tools, how they affect man's progress, 314.
WEEVILS often resemble small lumps of earth, 58.
WEIR, Mr. Jenner, on a moth refused by birds, 89;
on beetles refused by birds, 93;
on caterpillars eaten and rejected by birds, 119.
WESTWOOD, Professor, objections to theory of mimicry, 108.
WHITE colour in domesticated and wild animals, 66.
WILD and domesticated animals, essential differences of, 38-41.
WILL really exerts force, 367;
probably the primary source of force, 368.
WOOD, Mr. T. W., on orange-tip butterfly, 59.
WOODCOCKS and Snipes, protective colouring of, 53.
WOODPECKERS, why scarce in England, 32.
_XANTHIA_, autumnal colours of these moths, 62.
ZEBRAS, 299.
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| Transcriber's Notes & Errata |
| |
| The following entries were added to the Table of Contents. |
| |
| In Chapter IV.--_The Malayan Papilionidae, or Swallow-tailed |
| Butterflies, as illustrative of the Theory of Natural |
| Selection._: |
| |
| Arrangement and Geographical Distribution of the Malayan |
| Papilionidae |
| |
| Range of the Groups of Malayan Papilionidae |
| |
| |
| In Chapter VI.--_The Philosophy of Birds' Nests._: |
| |
| How young Birds may learn to build Nests. |
| |
| |
| Missing page number 94 supplied for the entry "_Phacellocera |
| batesii_, mimics one of the Anthribidae," in the index. |
| |
| The following words were found in both hyphenated and |
| unhyphenated forms (incidence in parentheses). |
| |
| |Co-existing (2) |Coexisting (1) | |
| |Fly-catcher (1) |Flycatcher (2) | |
| |sea-weed (2) |seaweed (1) | |
| |bull-dog (1) |bulldog (1) | |
| |
| The following typographical errors have been corrected: |
| |
| |Error |Correction | |
| | | | |
| |sparrrow |sparrow | |
| |unwieldly |unwieldy | |
| |it |its | |
| |Perphaps |Perhaps | |
| |confimation |confirmation | |
| |Pharoahs |Pharaohs | |
| |receptable |receptacle | |
| |occured |occurred | |
| |that that |than that | |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+