--------------+--------------------+----------------------------------

| Miles. |

Place. +-------------+------+ Description.

|Intermediate.|Total.|

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Addis Abbaba | — | — |

| | |

British | — | — |The British Residency is situated

Residency | | |at the foot of a spur running S.

| | |from the Entotto range, and

| | |bounding the Addis Abbaba valley

| | |on the E. It lies just clear of

| | |the most easterly native huts.

| | |About 600 yards immediately N. of

| | |it is the Russian Agency, and

| | |about the same distance to the

| | |W.N.W. of the latter, on the

| | |opposite side of the stream, is

| | |the Russian doctor’s enclosure

| | |formerly occupied by the Rodd

| | |Mission. For position of other

| | |European missions, &c., _see_

| | |Count Gleichen’s map of Addis

| | |Abbaba (I.D.W.O., 1897).

| | |

| | |The water supply of the British

| | |Residency is drawn from a spring

| | |on the slopes at the back of the

| | |compound, and a surface channel

| | |from the spring supplies a small

| | |tank in the compound for watering

| | |horses, &c.

| | |

| | |The compound is surrounded with a

| | |solid mud wall, surmounted by a

| | |continuous hurdle work fence.

| | |

Gibe (King’s | 1½ | 1½ |Lies pretty well in the centre of

Enclosure) | | |the town, on a long flat spur

| | |running down from Entotto. The

| | |enclosure is formed by a high

| | |wooden palisade, and at the

| | |present time an outer wall,

| | |solidly built in stone, is being

| | |constructed. Inside the palisade

| | |the enclosure is divided by

| | |numerous stone walls and wooden

| | |fences; the buildings are strongly

| | |built, but there are many thatched

| | |buildings and a lot of woodwork.

| | |

| | |Water supply is laid on in iron

| | |mains from Entotto, and there is

| | |an artificial surface channel just

| | |outside the enclosure.

| | |

| | |The town of Addis Abbaba extends

| | |about 3 miles from E. to W., but

| | |the houses are scattered haphazard

| | |and there are no streets; the

| | |tracks running between the houses

| | |are very rough, and the crossings

| | |of the streams are bad, in

| | |particular in the rains. A few

| | |rough narrow bridges exist, but

| | |are not used in the dry season.

| | |

| | |After clearing the town there is a

| | |wide flat spur before the Akaki

| | |(Western) is reached, which would

| | |form a fine camping ground.

| | |

_Akaki_ (1st | 4½ | 6 |Small stream in deep gully.

branch) | | |

| | |

_Akaki_ (2nd | 1 | 7 |Stream, 15 feet wide, 1 foot deep,

branch) | | |rapid, in a deep gully; very steep

| | |on W. side. The col connecting the

| | |Entotto with the Managasha Hills

| | |is a fine manœuvring ground for

| | |troops of all arms, and is, on the

| | |whole, flat and open, though it is

| | |intersected by a few narrow

| | |valleys draining to the Akaki.

| | |Almost all these contain water.

| | |The whole mass of mountains S. of

| | |the road is generally called

| | |Managasha, but this name strictly

| | |applies to the steep round-topped

| | |hill just S. of the road at the

| | |watershed. The main mountain is

| | |called Wochochu by the indigenous

| | |Gallas.

| | |

T. Managasha | 6 | 13 |

| | |

| | |Fitaurari Hapto Gorgis’s house

| | |lies a little N. of the road just

| | |where the descent into the Walata

| | |valley commences, and his

| | |territory stretches S.W. from this

| | |point.

| | |

| | |T. Managasha is well wooded, as

| | |are the steep slopes forming the

| | |escarp connecting G. Managasha and

| | |G. Foweita.

| | |

| | |The road descends this escarp by a

| | |fairly well graded, though steep,

| | |line, crossing several small

| | |streams.

| | |

Kaffa road | 1 | 14 |About 1 mile after commencing the

| | |descent, the road to Kaffa and

| | |Limmu branches off S.W. towards

| | |the sharp cone to Wata Dalecho; to

| | |the left of the road, near the

| | |bottom of the escarp, is the

| | |Abunas house, situated among thick

| | |trees.

| | |

_L. Walata_ | 8 | 22 |At the foot of the escarp the

| | |woody road stops and then enters a

| | |flat grass valley, in the middle

| | |of which is the Walata, a stream

| | |about 20 feet wide and 1 foot

| | |deep.

| | |

_L. Dalota_ | 5 | 27 |Between Walata and Dalota flat

| | |grassland, with a few Galla farms.

| | |L. Dalota, rapid, 20 feet wide, 1

| | |foot deep.

| | |

_Addis Alem_ | 1½ | 28½ |The road rises steeply from the

(British | | |stream to the wooded spur on which

Location) | | |Addis Alem is being built. To the

| | |N. of the road the escarp

| | |commences which marks the

| | |watershed between the Nile and

| | |Hawash, and extends without break

Addis Alem | ½ | 29 |from this point to the River Gude.

Gibe | | |The escarp and spurs running from

| | |it are well wooded and well

| | |watered, the main spurs being

| | |broken up into minor features. The

| | |British and Italian locations are

| | |side by side to the S. of the

| | |stream which runs through the

| | |town; the ground to the S. of them

| | |is flat for 800 yards or so, and

| | |at present fairly thickly wooded.

| | |On the N. it drops very steeply to

| | |the stream about 40 feet.

| | |

| | |No building has yet been commenced

| | |on the British location, but Major

| | |Ciccodicola has built several

| | |large houses of the ordinary Tukl

| | |pattern, and has laid out and

| | |commenced another house of more

| | |European design, the lower story

| | |of which is stone.

| | |

| | |The Gibe is built on a knoll

| | |between two streams, the drop

| | |towards the southern one being

| | |very steep. The main buildings

| | |will be on the N. shoulder of the

| | |knoll. On the northern slope of

| | |the knoll is a sort of park

| | |enclosed by a ditch and palisade.

| | |This is evidently intended for a

| | |defensible camp, as the enclosure

| | |on the top of the knoll is too

| | |small for any considerable force.

| | |

| | |Water supply is not very good for

| | |the town, but a main for the

| | |supply of the Gibe is being laid

| | |from the spur to the N.E.

| | |

_L. Barga_ | 5 | 34 |Road W. of Addis Alem, though not

| | |so well worn as between Addis Alem

| | |and Addis Abbaba, is, on the

| | |whole, well defined and good,

| | |being much used by the traders

| | |from Leka, Lekempti Walega, and

| | |Kelina (Chelim), and the soldiers

| | |of Dejaj Damasi, Dejaj Gumsa

| | |(Gabri Xiavrihir), and Dejaj Goti

| | |(Joti).

| | |

| | |At first it runs along a well-

| | |wooded spur, then crosses the

| | |Barga, which runs in a deep,

| | |steep-sided valley, 20 feet by 1

| | |foot; rapid.

| | |

_L. Jemjem_ | 6 | 40 |Between the Barga and Jemjem are

| | |several small streams with fair

| | |water. The Jemjem is 12 feet wide

| | |and 6 inches deep; rapid. Road

| | |runs at the foot of the spurs in

| | |open country; the escarp to the N.

| | |is steeper and the spurs are

| | |shorter; to the S. is the flat

| | |open grass land of the Hawash

| | |Valley, which would probably be

| | |very swampy during the rains; the

| | |road practically is the boundary

| | |between Ras Mangasha Atakem’s

| | |territory on the N., and Fitaurari

| | |Hapto Giorgis on the S. It

| | |actually lies, however, in Ras

| | |Mangasha’s country.

| | |

_Hawash River_| 6½ | 48½ |Between Jemjem and Hawash the

| | |country is quite open. Three small

| | |muddy streams are crossed. Hawash,

| | |20 feet by 6 inches; rapid,

| | |beautiful water.

| | |

_L. Bagaga_ | 8½ | 57 |A very small stream, draining to

| | |the Gude. No water between it and

| | |the Hawash on the road crossing

| | |the watershed. To the S. are the

| | |Chavo Mountains, and to the N. the

| | |escarp rises to a high shoulder at

| | |G. Ilfata. From this point the

| | |road traverses a succession of

| | |open spurs running N. to the L.

| | |Dabis, a tributary of the Gude. On

| | |the N. of the Dabis the escarp

| | |rises in huge terraced cliffs.

| | |

_L. Meiti or | 3½ | 60½ |Small stream, with good water;

Sellen_ | | |before reaching it a dry

| | |watercourse and two small streams

| | |are crossed.

| | |

| | |W. of the Laga Meiti the country

| | |is everywhere more or less wooded,

| | |though the trees are small, except

| | |by the streams or on the mountain

| | |slopes. This is due to constant

| | |grass fires.

| | |

_L. Hulogka_ | 7 | 67½ |L. Hulogka, 30 feet by 1 foot;

| | |rapid; is a fine stream. About 3

| | |miles N. of the road is a church

| | |and a hot spring. Between the L.

| | |Meiti and L. Hulogka, the L. Awaru

| | |drains a marshy valley.

| | |

_Tulu Dintu_ | 4½ | 72 |Road passes over rather a hilly

| | |bit of country, crossing the

| | |Taltale and Birbissu streams at 2½

| | |and 3½ miles respectively; both

| | |small, with good water.

| | |

| | |Tulu Dintu was formerly residence

| | |of Dejaj Hailo Hariam, brother of

| | |Ras Makunnen. Now few huts are

| | |occupied.

| | |

_River Gude_ | 3½ | 75½ |Flat country between Tula Dintu

Bridge | | |and Gude, thickly wooded near the

| | |latter; two tributaries of the

| | |Gude have to be crossed, both

| | |small streams with good water.

| | |

| | |The Gude is a beautiful stream,

| | |running from one deep rock pool to

| | |another at the bottom of sheer-

| | |sided channel, 30 feet deep.

| | |

| | |A good wooden bridge, 6 feet wide,

| | |on stone abutments, has been

| | |built, evidently under M. Ilg’s

| | |direction.

| | |

| | |The ground near the stream is too

| | |thickly wooded and confined to be

| | |a good camping place.

| | |

| | |The Gude flows N. to the Abai,

| | |cutting through the escarp in a

| | |wonderful canon about a mile wide,

| | |with sheer sides some 2,000 feet

| | |high. Beautiful scenery.

| | |

_L. Kili_ | 10 | 85½ |From the Gude the road rises

| | |steeply and runs round the

| | |northern spurs of the mountain

| | |group which culminates in G.

| | |Ragge. The first ascent is very

| | |steep, but road is fully well

| | |graded, and the conical peak of T.

| | |Befti is left to the right.

| | |

| | |Small streams are crossed at 4,

| | |4½, 7½, and 9 miles. About 4 miles

| | |N. of the road is a deep valley,

| | |running from W. to E. to the Gude,

| | |and on the N. side of it the

| | |escarp rises precipitously. The

| | |spurs of G. Ragge are thickly

| | |wooded, and are divided by steep

| | |valleys.

| | |

| | |L. Kili, a good stream, 15 feet

| | |wide and 6 inches deep, in a

| | |narrow valley.

| | |

_L. Aresu_ | 4½ | 90 |Road rises very steeply from the

| | |Kili over the shoulder of T. Boke,

| | |and descends steeply into the

| | |Humbolsha Valley (stream dries up)

| | |at 2½ miles, then a slight rise

| | |and another steep descent to the

| | |Aresu, a small stream, but with

| | |good water and a good open camping

| | |ground on its W. bank.

| | |

Chelia | 10 | 100 |From the Aresu the road winds

District | | |round the south-western end of the

(Gedda | | |Rafisokili Valley, passing over

village) | | |_numerous_ spurs and _small

| | |streams_. L. Mata Arba, at the

| | |third mile, is western boundary of

| | |Ras Mangasha’s territory, and the

| | |eastern boundary of _Chelia_,

| | |which belongs to Queen Taitu.

| | |Country much broken, and fairly

| | |thickly wooded.

| | |

| | |The village of Gedda, formerly the

| | |residence of Dejaj Desta (Ras

| | |Darge’s son, now dead), is on the

| | |narrow water partly between the

| | |Gude (Blue Nile) and Gibbe (Omo)

| | |basins; there is a considerable

| | |population and a church here.

| | |

_L. Garsa_ | 12 | 112 |After crossing the watershed the

| | |road drops at first very steeply,

| | |and then more gradually, into the

| | |Gibbe Valley; the surface of the

| | |road is good, and level ground is

| | |reached at the end of the third

| | |mile. At 1½ miles a road branches

| | |off to S.W., probably that shown

| | |on the map illustrating movement

| | |of Bonchamps’ mission.

| | |

| | |The L. Ambo, which combines with

| | |other streams to form the Alengo,

| | |is crossed, and the road skirts

| | |along N. of, and parallel to, the

| | |Alengo.

| | |

| | |Several streams are crossed before

| | |reaching the Garan, and the

| | |country is rough.

| | |

| | |From Gedda the escarp trends off

| | |N.W., leaving a wide plain,

| | |bounded on the S. and W. by G.

| | |Kwunchu Sodu and Tuka.

| | |

| | |The Garsa is a sluggish, muddy

| | |stream, running between steep clay

| | |banks. Good camping ground W. of

| | |it.

| | |

_L. Alengo_ | 5 | 117 |Road, after passing a few low

| | |spurs, runs over a flat, clay

| | |valley. The Alengo, 30 feet wide

| | |by 6 inches deep.

| | |

_River Gibbe_ | 6 | 123 |Road continues over flat, open

| | |country, passing close to the low,

| | |rocky hillock, T. Bertuma. The

| | |Gibbe, 45 feet wide, 2 feet deep,

| | |fairly rapid; clay bank, thickly

| | |lined with willow, bottom gravel.

| | |It is a tributary of the Omo, and

| | |the eastern limit of the Queen’s

| | |district of Chelia. Between the

| | |Gibbe and the Wama the country is

| | |Dejaj Damasi’s.

| | |

_Bilo_ | 13 | 136 |After crossing the Gibbe the road

| | |skirts round the northern spurs of

| | |G. Kwunchu, crossing several small

| | |streams and rather rough ground.

| | |Bilo is a considerable market and

| | |Customs post, situated on the W.

| | |side of the L. Tarli, a good-sized

| | |stream running N. to the Gibbe

| | |between clay banks.

| | |

| | |From Bilo the main road to Leka

| | |branches off S.W. between T. Sodu

| | |and J. Soksaw.

| | |

_J. Sodu Pass_| 5 | 141 |The Lekempti road keeps almost due

| | |W., passing just S. of the summit

| | |of Sodu. The ascent is not as bad

| | |as it appears, as the road is well

| | |graded.

| | |

| | |There is a wide open spur just

| | |before the final rise to the pass

| | |begins, which would form a good

| | |camping place. Several small

| | |streams are crossed in the ascent.

| | |

_River Wama_ | 12 | 153 |From the pass, which is a very

| | |narrow saddle, the descent is

| | |steep for 2½ miles; small camping

| | |ground, with limited water supply

| | |at this point. Then road follows a

| | |long spur, falling gradually

| | |towards the Wama. Wooded slopes

| | |and no cultivation. The Wama is a

| | |considerable stream, flowing in

| | |rather marshy ground between clay

| | |banks, but with gravelly bottom,

| | |30 feet wide, 2 feet deep; rapid.

| | |Shown on Michel’s and other maps

| | |as a tributary of the Didessa.

| | |Cattle and sheep plentiful and

| | |good grazing; the river is eastern

| | |limit of Dejaj Kumsa’s country.

| | |

_Nekempti_ | 24 | 177 |After crossing the Wama, the road

| | |runs up a long narrow spur coming

| | |from W. shoulder of G. Tuka. G.

| | |Tuka is thickly wooded and

| | |precipitous, though round-topped.

| | |At 5 miles, a road to Leka

| | |branches W. up a broad valley

| | |formed by another branch of the

| | |Wama. The Leka plateau at the E.

| | |end appears steep-sided and

| | |thickly wooded. Leka is the head-

| | |quarters of Dejaj Damasi, and is

| | |said to be extremely fertile,

| | |producing much coffee. From the

| | |Leka road the track ascends more

| | |steeply; country well cultivated

| | |and thickly inhabited. Long,

| | |narrow, steep-sided spurs run S.

| | |from the water parting formed by

| | |the western end of G. Tuka. Water

| | |is plentiful. At 15 miles is a

| | |small village and church. Between

| | |this and Nekempti many small

| | |streams are crossed and ground is

| | |much broken. Nekempti is the

| | |residence of Dejaj Kumsa (called

| | |by Abyssinians Gabra Xiavrihir).

| | |He is a young Galla, a Christian,

| | |and has built himself a church.

| | |His ideas are advanced, and he has

| | |a garden for European plants, and

| | |is trying to improve the native

| | |coffee and cotton. His gibe is new

| | |and well built. There are several

| | |Arab merchants established here.

| | |The chief market is on Thursday,

| | |but there is a daily market.

| | |

| | |Nekempti is on the watershed

| | |between the Wama and Angur, and to

| | |the N. the ground drops steeply to

| | |the wide flat Angur valley.

| | |

_Sasiga_ | 13 | 190 |From Nekempti the road runs W.,

| | |keeping near the watershed, which

| | |connects with the N. end of the

| | |Leka plateau. After about 5 miles

| | |it turns N.W., and several streams

| | |flowing N. are crossed. At the

| | |Sasiga market place on (Friday) G.

| | |Jimata there is a splendid view

| | |looking down into the Didessa

| | |valley, and across the Angur

| | |valley, towards the Limu hills;

| | |the Didessa and Angur valleys

| | |proper were, till recently, great

| | |elephant grounds up to the Abai.

| | |The elephants are now practically

| | |exterminated, and the ground is

| | |being brought under cultivation,

| | |though, as it is unhealthy, the

| | |people continue to live on the

| | |high ground.

| | |

_Didessa R._ | 24 | 214 |From Sasiga there is a very steep

| | |descent of 1,200 feet. Then the

| | |road is generally level, and

| | |crosses several streams before the

| | |L. Arso, where there is a fine

| | |camping ground at the 13th mile;

| | |thence there is a slight rise to

| | |the Tankara ridge, which is the

| | |eastern boundary of the Didessa

| | |ravine.

| | |

| | |From this ridge the descent is

| | |very steep, winding, and rough to

| | |the Didessa, slopes thickly

| | |wooded. The Didessa is 150 yards

| | |(?) wide, 2 feet deep; current 2½

| | |miles, stony bottom, beautiful

| | |water. Good camping place for a

| | |small party in dry season on W.

| | |bank.

| | |

_Merechi_ | 8 | 222 |From the river the ascent of the

| | |W. side of the ravine begins at

| | |once. The road is very rough and

| | |bad, and ground on each side is

| | |covered with bamboo. The ascent is

| | |in three distinct stages, the last

| | |being much the worst, no attempt

| | |being made to grade it. Between

| | |the first and second stage the L.

| | |Jirma is crossed, and a small

| | |tributary of it is passed before

| | |the final stage.

| | |

| | |Merechi, a small village, Saturday

| | |market, and Customs observation

| | |post. It is situated on the top of

| | |a ridge about 2½ miles behind the

| | |edge of the ravine. Between runs

| | |the Laga Jirma, and the valley is

| | |a good camping ground. This is the

| | |beginning of Walega.

| | |

_Gimbi_ | 12 | 234 |The N. end of the Merechi ridge

| | |runs up to the escarp, which now

| | |begins to trend N.W. The plateau

| | |is very undulating and broken by

| | |confused narrow valleys. There is

| | |a considerable population, and the

| | |country is very fertile. At the

| | |10th mile the Garsa ridge, running

| | |N. and S., is fairly well defined;

| | |otherwise the features are very

| | |confused. The Gallel stream, at

| | |9th mile, is a good size, but

| | |water is everywhere plentiful. T.

| | |Jerko, a very sharp cone 30 miles

| | |to the S., is very conspicuous,

| | |and the road to Dejaj Goti’s

| | |country runs N. of it, through the

| | |Siva district. Gimbi is the

| | |residence of Fitaurari Amenti,

| | |uncle of Dejaj Kumsa.

| | |

_Dungoro, L. | 13 | 247 |From Gimbi the general direction

Fincha_ | | |of the road alters and strikes

| | |N.N.W. towards Beni Shangul. The

| | |country continues well watered,

| | |cultivated, and populated, with

| | |the same confusion of narrow

| | |valleys. It passes through the

| | |small districts or townships of

| | |Siban (where Fitaurari Debaba,

| | |another uncle of Dejaj Kumsa, has

| | |a house), Aroji, and Dungoro. This

| | |latter is bounded on the S. by the

| | |L. Fincha, a considerable rocky

| | |stream, which is the last

| | |tributary of the Didessa crossed.

| | |

T. Eriwani | 11 | 258 |Five miles beyond L. Fincha,

| | |skirting the western slopes of T.

| | |Ghinghi, the track is rough and

| | |hilly. Several small streams rise

| | |in this hill and, after uniting,

| | |flow away S. between T. Jerko and

| | |T. Wallel, becoming, lower down,

| | |the Birbiri, which joins the Baro

| | |near Gore. T. Wallel is now very

| | |clearly seen to the S.W. T.

| | |Eriwani forms the watershed

| | |between the head waters of the

| | |Birbiri and the tributaries of the

| | |Yabus. Water is rather scarce

| | |between T. Ghinghi and Eriwani.

| | |Fitaurari Debaba’s second house is

| | |in a very conspicuous position on

| | |the watershed, W. of the road.

| | |

_Najo_ | 10 | 268 |To Najo the road is easy, and

| | |country open. The Lagas, Henna,

| | |and Dilla are crossed, the latter

| | |a considerable stream, in which a

| | |certain amount of gold washing is

| | |done. The sides of its valley are

| | |very steep.

| | |

| | |About 2 miles S. of Najo and 1½

| | |miles E. of the road is M.

| | |Camboul’s house in the midst of

| | |his trial shafts. This is the most

| | |promising part of M. Ilg’s

| | |concession.

| | |

| | |Najo is only a small village, but

| | |Dejaj Kumsa is building a new

| | |house there to be his hunting

| | |head-quarters.

| | |

Guti Mudema | 7 | 275 |Passing Najo the country begins to

| | |fall perceptibly, and is much more

| | |open. The undulations are broader,

| | |lower, and flatter. There is less

| | |cultivation, but many more cattle.

| | |The inhabitants are few, and are

| | |mainly engaged, it is said, in the

| | |gold-washing on the Yabus.

| | |

| | |Guti Mudema is simply a post on

| | |the watershed between the Lagas

| | |Alatu and Genasi and the L. Deivo,

| | |which commands a very extensive

| | |view into Beni Shangul and the

| | |Lega Galla country. The two former

| | |streams flow between clay banks.

| | |All this country was traversed

| | |after a considerable amount of

| | |rain had fallen, so all the

| | |streams were flowing strongly. As

| | |a rule, they would be quite

| | |shallow.

| | |

_L. Deivo_ | 2½ | 277½ |Flows in a deep valley, with very

| | |steep sides.

| | |

_Gori_ | 7 | 284½ |A small village, the residence of

| | |Fitaurari Densa. Road is over an

| | |open plateau with a strongly-

| | |marked escarp falling to the W.;

| | |to the E. a range of low

| | |mountains, running N., marks the

| | |great escarp from the western side

| | |of the Didessa and southern side

| | |of the Abai valley.

| | |

_L. Komiso_ | 3½ | 288 |The ground falls very rapidly into

| | |the Komiso valley, which is bound

| | |by a very steep, high escarp on

| | |the S. Between the Komiso and

| | |Mendi there is a wide broken

| | |valley, with the L. Sache flowing

| | |past T. Wandi, a well-marked hill

| | |2 miles W. of the road. This hill

| | |is the northern limit of Dejaj

| | |Goti’s country, which appears to

| | |extend up in a narrow strip along

| | |the E. side of the Yabus.

| | |

_Mendi_ | 19 | 307 |Mendi lies just S. of the last

| | |rise before the road makes its

| | |final descent into the Yabus. Here

| | |the promontory between the

| | |Didessa, Abai, and Yabus breaks

| | |into two ranges of hills, one

| | |running due N. by Gumbi and one

| | |N.W. towards the Beni Shangul

| | |hills through G. Gunfi. The road

| | |descends by the W. side of the

| | |valley in the fork, and is very

| | |steep and rough, the side of the

| | |valley being, as well, cumbered

| | |with with dense bamboo.

| | |

| | |Mendi is the last Galla village,

| | |and from there to the Yabus water

| | |cannot be counted on.

| | |

_L. Badeisa_ | 12 | 319 |Halfway down the descent there is

| | |generally water in small

| | |quantities, but the camping ground

| | |is uneven, confined, and with no

| | |good feeding when bamboo is out of

| | |leaf.

| | |

| | |W. of the road near Mendi the

| | |ground falls gradually, with

| | |slight undulation, to the Yabus.

| | |There is thick wooding, and till

| | |quite lately the valley was quite

| | |full of elephants, but these are

| | |rapidly being exterminated.

| | |

| | |Buffalo, waterbuck, hartebeest,

| | |and probably greater kudu are

| | |abundant.

| | |

K. Dabeisa | 7 | 326 |This practically marks the end of

| | |the descent, and the road from

| | |here to the Yabus is easy. Black

| | |population (very thin) begins.

| | |Bertas.

| | |

_K. Yabus or | 9 | 335 |Yabus is the Arabic, and Dabus the

L. Dabus_ | | |Galla variant of the name; was

| | |slightly in flood when crossed,

| | |and was then about 100 feet wide

| | |and 3 feet deep at the ford. There

| | |is another crossing further S.,

| | |near where the river breaks

| | |through the connection between the

| | |Gunfi and Beni Shangul mountains.

| | |

| | |N. of the crossing is a wide, flat

| | |valley with some scattered hills.

| | |

_K. Sheira_ | 5 | 340 |Crossing the river the ground soon

| | |begins to rise. There is a little

| | |water in K. Sheira.

| | |

J. Aside | 7 | 347 |A pass over J. Aside leads into

| | |the sub-district of Afodu, which

Afodu | 2 | 349 |is under a woman called Zem Zem.

| | |The village of Afodu is the head-

| | |quarters of a Kanyazmach, the

| | |Abyssinian commandant in Beni

| | |Shangul. Water is drawn from the

_K. Tumat_ | 2 | 351 |Tumat, in which there are always

| | |pools.

| | |

K. Mange | 7 | 358 |Through Beni Shangul there are no

| | |difficulties on the road, though

| | |the going is bad, owing to the

| | |amount of small quartz stones

| | |everywhere. The K. Mange is dry.

| | |N. of it and W. of the road is J.

| | |Fadamo, which is very steep,

| | |rocky, and thickly wooded. Here

| | |Abd el Rahman’s people made their

| | |last stand against the

| | |Abyssinians, and it took 12 days’

| | |fighting to clear the hill, both

| | |sides losing heavily. The final

| | |surrender was only induced by

| | |hunger.

| | |

_Bomo_ | 7 | 365 |At Bomo there is a small village,

| | |but like all those seen in Beni

| | |Shangul, it is half deserted. It

| | |is very difficult to form an idea

| | |of how thickly the country is

| | |inhabited, as the bush completely

| | |shuts in all the villages. A good

| | |many were seen from the top of J.

| | |Fadamo, but it was a very misty

| | |day and it was hard to make them

| | |out distinctly.

| | |

_Belfodio | 5 | 370 |This is the head-quarters of

Khamis_ | | |Fitaurari Mohammed Wad Hojali,

| | |brother of Abd el Rahman (Tur el

| | |Guri), and is generally called

| | |Khamis by the Abyssinians.

| | |

_Famaka_ (Blue| 60 | 430 |Remainder of route in Sudan.

Nile) | | |

--------------+-------------+------+----------------------------------

130.—ROSEIRES TO ABU RAMLA AND DUNKUR.

BY MAJOR C. W. GWYNN, C.M.G., D.S.O., JUNE, 1901.

--------------+--------------------+----------------------------------

| Miles. |

Place. +-------------+------+ Description.

|Intermediate.|Total.|

--------------+-------------+------+----------------------------------

Roseires | — | — |The road to Abu Ramla is a very

(Abramat) | | |narrow track much shut in by thick

| | |bush and grass. After rain the

| | |heavy clay soil produces a

| | |particularly heavy and sticky mud.

| | |

| | |For 5 miles from the river the

| | |bush is very thick and soil very

| | |heavy. From the 5th to 10th mile

| | |the soil becomes more sandy and

| | |the bush is thinner. At 12th mile

| | |3 large adansonias are passed;

| | |soil heavy clay but bush still

| | |open.

| | |

| | |At the 16th mile the road reaches

| | |the El Geri hills and turns

| | |sharply north-east skirting their

| | |foot. These hills are not more

| | |than 200 feet high and are covered

| | |with low trees. They form a

| | |continuous mass though much broken

| | |and rocky. Along the northern

| | |slopes there is a quantity of

| | |bamboo, and road is stony.

| | |Skirting round north and

_El Geri | 23 | 23 |north-east foot of the hills,

(Sheikh’s | | |road comes to a small Hameg

Village)_ | | |village. Water (the first since

| | |Roseires) is obtained up a steep

| | |valley 1 mile south of the

| | |village. Road skirts the hills to

| | |this point, and then strikes off

| | |east again to J. Migin. Ground is

| | |nearly flat and clay very heavy,

| | |bush thick except at the 31st mile

| | |where there is a slight rise and

| | |open ground. Number of giraffe

| | |along the road.

| | |

_J. Migin_ | 14 | 37 |J. Migin is a small rocky hill. At

| | |its northern end is a water hole

| | |in the rocks, which seldom is

| | |emptied, but which does not appear

| | |to be fed by a spring, so should

| | |not be depended on. There are said

| | |to be other water holes on the

| | |hills.

| | |

| | |No water from this to Abu Ramla

| | |except after rain. Khor Madar,

| | |which flows to Khor Zagoli,

| | |crossed first branch at 44th mile,

| | |and second ½ mile further on. Road

J. Abu Ramla | 17 | 54 |passes 1 mile south of J. Withwith

| | |and strikes the Abu Ramla mountain

| | |half-way along its west side,

| | |crossing the large dry Khor Aluk a

| | |mile before. Road then turns north

| | |and skirts round the northern foot

| | |of the mountain.

| | |

_Mek’s | 4 | 58 |Mek Adam Wad Dafeir’s Village is

Village_ | | |at the foot of the north-east

| | |corner of the mountain. Several

| | |other small villages are passed

| | |before reaching. Water is obtained

| | |from wells in Khor Ramla, a mile

| | |east of the mountain, quality not

| | |good, but 100 animals were easily

| | |kept in water.

| | |

| | |Mek is of Fung origin, but the

| | |inhabitants chiefly Gumz.

| | |

| | |From Abu Ramla, the trade road to

| | |Dunkur passes through Abu Mendi my

| | |party left the main track however

| | |at the first point where Dinder is

| | |met, and after that no well

| | |defined track was found till a

| | |couple miles before the Khor

| | |Adabiba.

| | |

| | |Leaving Abu Ramla, road strikes

| | |almost due east. The soil is much

_Khor Ramla_ | 1 | 59 |more sandy, and even in wet

| | |weather fairly good going. Bush

| | |generally very thick, principally

| | |low trees.

| | |

_Khor | 9 | 68 |Large pool in Khor Babeheir; a

Babeheir_ | | |khor about 10 yards wide, rising

| | |in the Bongo Hills and flowing to

_J. Abu Nesag_| 1½ | 69½ |the Dinder. Road skirts north of

| | |J. Abu Nesag, a low rocky hill.

| | |Road stony, and several small dry

| | |khors to cross.

| | |

_Khor Abujar_ | 5 | 74½ |Khor Abujar, sandy bottom, was in

(Abu Holgar) | | |flood when crossed, but would

| | |probably always contain water in

| | |pools or in wells, 50 yards wide,

| | |banks easy.

| | |

_Khor Ainki_ | 4 | 78½ |Khor Ainki was in flood, only just

| | |fordable, gravelly bed, 50 yards

| | |wide; water always obtainable.

| | |Good camping ground, east bank.

| | |Just east of the khor there is a

| | |slight gravelly rise, but bush

| | |still very thick; no view

| | |obtainable. Road turns north-east

| | |to the Dinder.

| | |

_Khor | 5½ | 84 |Khor Barageili. Fair camping

Barageili_ | | |ground; water in pools.

| | |

_Dinder R._ | 1½ | 85½ |Dinder is reached at the foot of

| | |small rocky hill, J. Mogumbi. Main

| | |road to Dunkur appears to skirt

| | |along the bank, but the ground is

| | |very broken and path is almost

| | |invisible. With a view to taking

| | |the most direct road, the

| | |expedition crossed the river—about

| | |100 yards wide, stony, and rocky.

| | |Rapid flow of water, 2 feet deep.

| | |Guides missed the track, which was

| | |said to exist, but of which there

| | |was little or no sign, and when

| | |the Dinder was met again it was

| | |above the ford the guides had been

| | |making for. River was followed to

| | |the mouth of the Khor Abu Gemmeiz,

| | |where it was just fordable. Bush

| | |traversed was very thick;

| | |quantities of water buck, roan

| | |antelope, and other game.

| | |

_Dinder_ and | 14 | 99½ |River forded just above the

Khor | | |junction—100 yards wide. River in

| | |partial flood, 3 feet deep.

| | |Skirted along left bank of Dinder

| | |along a disused track.

| | |

Khor Damu | 5½ | 105 |Khor Damu, 20 yards wide, rocky

| | |with steep banks. Left river and

1st Terrace | 2 | 107 |reached 1st Terrace which marked

| | |the beginning of the foot hills.

| | |Path came in from south apparently

| | |from Abu Mendi.

| | |

_Khor Adabiba_| 1½ | 108½ |Khor Adabiba, small khor with

| | |large pools; water always found.

| | |

_Dunkur_ | 9½ | 118 |The road touches the Dinder at

(Sheikh | | |55th mile, and then turns towards

Nasser’s) | | |the chief village of the Dunkur

| | |district, which lies in undulating

| | |ground about 2½ miles south of the

| | |Dinder. There is a considerable

| | |amount of cotton grown, and

| | |tribute to Kwara is paid in

| | |cotton. The natives are of a mixed

| | |Hamag and Gumz stock. Many of them

| | |can speak Amharic as well as

| | |Arabic. A few Abyssinians are

| | |generally to be found here.

--------------+-------------+------+----------------------------------

131.—DUNKUR TO GALLABAT.

BY MAJOR C. W. GWYNN, JUNE, 1901.

--------------+--------------------+----------------------------------

| Miles. |

Place. +-------------+------+ Description.

|Intermediate.|Total.|

--------------+-------------+------+----------------------------------

Dunkur | — | — |

| | |

_Dinder_ | 2½ | 2½ |About 100 yards wide, 3 feet deep;

| | |stream 3 miles an hour (but this

| | |was after rain). Banks easy, bed

| | |stony; a good deal of limestone in

| | |the river bed.

| | |

_Khor Ajban_ | 3½ | 6 |Country on north bank fairly open.

| | |Pool of good water in Khor Ajban.

| | |

_Sheikh | 1½ | 7½ |Sheikh Hassan’s Village small, and

Hassan’s_ | | |many of inhabitants have moved to

| | |Gallabat. At the first village, ½

| | |mile beyond Khor Ajban, road

| | |branches east to Kwara.

| | |

Dardakara | 6½ | 14 |Road stony, and crosses a number

| | |of khors—some dry, but most with

| | |good pools—before reaching the

| | |practically deserted village of

| | |Dardakara.

| | |

Adzko | 1 | 15 |Adzko also deserted.

| | |

_Khor Adzko_ | 1½ | 16½ |Large pool of good water in khor:

| | |road, very rough, skirting north

| | |side of J. Wadrabah.

| | |

| | |Site of old Dunkur village in

| | |hills to east of road.

| | |

_Khor Gelagu_ | 4 | 20½ |Village of Gelagu, on south side

| | |of khor, only contains 3 or 4

| | |families. Khor is 20 yards wide;

| | |unlimited water supply, though

| | |little stream is apparent.

| | |

| | |From Gelagu there is a road round

| | |the Umzenidi hill, but the more

| | |direct road is over the pass N.E.

| | |of the village—this is stony but

| | |fairly easy.

| | |

El Gulut | 6½ | 27 |El Gulut is a considerable Kunjara

(_Khor Afar_) | | |village on the Khor Afar (a good

| | |sized khor with water in pools).

| | |From Gulut there is a road to

| | |Kwara. A good deal of cotton is

| | |grown in neighbourhood. There is a

| | |direct route from El Gulut to the

| | |Khor Dibaba, near J. Bayisa, but a

| | |more easterly route through

Magumbal | 5 | 32 |Magumbal (a deserted village)

| | |avoids the cotton soil.

| | |

_Khor Dibaba_ | 6½ | 38½ |Khor Dibaba, 30 yards wide with

| | |large pools, is crossed about 1

| | |mile west of J. Bayisa. A very

| | |large wild fig tree at the

| | |crossing.

| | |

_Seraf | 9½ | 48 |Up to this point water is

Ardeiba_ | | |plentiful, but none is met with

| | |crossing the watershed between

| | |Rahad and Dinder. Road is well

| | |marked and good. Very little water

| | |in the Seraf Ardeiba. Road

| | |skirting this khor is rough.

| | |

_Rahad R._ | 5 | 53 |Rahad about 50 yards wide, very

| | |slight flow of water between large

| | |pools. Bed stony. Many crocodiles

| | |in pools. Good camping grounds

| | |either bank.

| | |

Khor Andeiogo | 4 | 57 |On north bank of Rahad there is

| | |cotton soil, trees not so thick

| | |but more grass. Khor Andeiogo

| | |would generally be dry but there

| | |is a small pool east of the road.

| | |J. Dagarish, a low wooded hill,

| | |lies on the road at 59th mile.

Khor Tair | 6½ | 63½ |Khor Teir is a large dry khor.

| | |

| | |No water obtainable.

| | |

| | |Shortly after crossing Khor Teir,

| | |ascent of the escarp, extending

| | |from J. Madbura to J. Belula, and

| | |forming the watershed between

| | |Rahad and Atbara, begins.

| | |

| | |The ascent of the lower spurs of

| | |J. Belula is pretty steep.

| | |

New Shangal | 9½ | 73 |New Shangal is on the watershed

| | |and has only recently been built.

| | |

_Shangal_ | 1½ | 74½ |Shangal Khor is the first place

| | |after passing the Rahad that water

| | |can be relied on.

| | |

Gallabat | 4½ | 79 |On the top of the escarp,

| | |cultivation begins and extends at

| | |intervals to Gedaref.

--------------+-------------+------+----------------------------------

132.—FAZOGLI TO KIRIN.

BY LIEUTENANT JACKSON, R.E., JANUARY, 1900.

--------------+--------------------+----------------------------------

| Miles. |

Place. +-------------+------+ Description.

|Intermediate.|Total.|

--------------+-------------+------+----------------------------------

Fazogli | — | — |Follow Kukuru road for ½ mile,

| | |then keep to right and follow road

| | |leading about N.N.W. in the

| | |direction of Famaka. Gradual

| | |ascent to crest of ridge forming

| | |watershed parallel to Fazogli

| | |ridge, along which road runs.

| | |Numerous small khors run down on

| | |either side to join the river on

| | |the N., or the K. Akluli on the S.

| | |

| | |Some tukls forming part of the

| | |village of Fazogli.

| | |

Khor Mogo | ¼ | 1¼ |Road descends abruptly and crosses

| | |the Khor Mogo, and shortly

Khor Kulili | ¼ | 1½ |afterwards the Khor Kulili. Both

| | |these khors about 15 feet wide

| | |with steep rocky banks.

| | |

| | |Road now rises and crosses the

| | |outlying spurs of J. Fazogli.

| | |Extremely rough going and ground

| | |covered with large boulders and

| | |rocks. River only about 200 yards

| | |off in places, with Famaka plainly

| | |visible on opposite bank. Left

| | |bank of river here consists of

| | |perpendicular rock from 10 to 30

| | |feet high.

| | |

(Forked Roads)| 1½ | 3 |Road continues extremely hilly and

| | |difficult until third mile, where

| | |road divides, that on the right

| | |leading to Deshalu and Abu

| | |Shaneina.

| | |

| | |The road now takes a S.W.

| | |direction and descends gradually

| | |into a flat bush. Road good, and

| | |level except where it crosses

| | |khors.

| | |

Khor Annis | ¾ | 3¾ |Fifteen yards broad, high banks.

Sanganni | | |On the further side cultivation

| | |begins and continues with a few

| | |intervals of bush the whole way to

| | |Masarkum. Dura is the chief

| | |product and is of all three kinds.

| | |The crop appears to be a very fine

| | |one.

| | |

Ainyet (not | 1¼ | 5 |Road on right leading to Ainyet

visited) | | |(not visited). Said to be a large

| | |village.

| | |

Khor (?) | 1 | 6 |Small khor, 5 yards wide, low

| | |banks.

| | |

| | |For the next mile the cultivation

| | |appears to be particularly good

| | |and the bush begins and continues

| | |almost without interruption until

Ragreig | 3¾ | 9¾ |within ½ mile of Ragreig—small

Village | | |village—scattered tukls.

| | |

Khor (?) | ¼ | 10 |Much cultivation. Small khor with

| | |sandy bottom. Road follows bed for

| | |250 yards.

| | |

Ragreig | 1½ | 11½ |Straggling village on low ridge

Village | | |running N. and S., at present

| | |uninhabited, Tukls in a bad state

| | |of repair, and the whole place

| | |overgrown with grass.

| | |

Abu Gara | ¾ | 12¼ |Compact and well kept. The

| | |residence of the brother of the

| | |Mek of Fazogli.

| | |

Khor Tumat | ½ | 12¾ |Quarter mile further on through

| | |the dura fields the Khor Tumat is

| | |reached. About 200 or 300 yards

| | |broad here. Very shallow level

| | |bed, sandy. Road goes straight on,

| | |crossing it diagonally to where it

| | |is joined by the Khor Masarkum.

| | |Some pools of very dirty stagnant

_Khor | ¼ | 13 |water here. Better water to be

Masarkum_ | | |obtained about ¼ mile up the Khor

| | |Masarkum from the holes dug in the

| | |bed of the khor by the inhabitants

| | |of this place. The water also is

| | |very bad however and full of mud.

| | |

_Masarkum | ¼ | 13¼ |A fair sized village, surrounded

(Sheikh | | |by dura fields. Rest house. Sheep,

Bikori)_ | | |eggs, and milk (cows) readily

| | |obtained. There is (1900) only one

| | |cow however in the town, the

| | |remainder having been looted by

| | |Dervishes.

| | |

| | |Leaving Masarkum the road runs

| | |south-west along a ridge or

| | |plateau on the left bank of the

| | |Khor Masarkum. The ground on this

| | |side of the khor is much smoother,

| | |and there is little thorn as far

| | |as J. Burgan. On the opposite side

| | |the bush appears to be thick.

| | |There is a quantity of

| | |cultivation; dura grown to a great

| | |height and producing fine ears.

| | |All soil appears good. Several

| | |villages are visible on the north

| | |side of the road. All go by the

| | |name of Ragreig which is probably

| | |the word for the class of slaves

| | |or serfs that inhabit them. Road

| | |very good.

| | |

J. Burgan | 4¾ | 18 |A low hill south of road marks the

| | |limit of cultivation, and from

| | |this the bush is thicker, though

| | |there is little thorn, chiefly low

| | |large leaved trees, like young

| | |oaks, and thin grass.

| | |

_Khor | 1¼ | 19¼ |Khor Masarkum is crossed four

Masarkum_ (1st| | |times. It is here known as Khor

crossing) | | |Timsah. At the first crossing

| | |water still in natural pools, and

_3rd crossing_| 2¼ | 21½ |at third crossing obtainable by

| | |digging. It is about 20 feet wide,

| | |with sandy bottom, and vertical

| | |banks 12 feet high. Probably

| | |unfordable in flood.

| | |

| | |After fourth crossing a dry and

| | |waterless country is entered.

| | |Hardly any khors, and these

| | |extremely small. One patch of

| | |cultivation surrounded by a zeriba

| | |about ½ mile beyond last crossing.

| | |Otherwise thin bush and grass.

| | |Road good on the whole, but there

| | |is a good deal of loose stone.

| | |

J. Farfira | 4 | 25½ |Road runs along foot of this jebel

(Pass) | | |for some distance, and then

| | |crosses it by a pass about 200

| | |feet high. Ascent and descent

| | |rough and stony, but not very

| | |difficult for donkeys. Rest house

| | |here.

| | |

| | |Road now keeps close to the foot

| | |of J. Farfira, and keeping its

| | |original direction, leaves J.

| | |Gamella on the right.

| | |

| | |South of J. Gamella there are more

| | |traces of water, and the khors

| | |become more frequent and larger.

| | |Country undulating.

| | |

_Khor El | 8¾ | 34¼ |Khor with hard shingle bed about

Hassan_ | | |30 yards broad. High steep banks.

| | |Rest house here. Water good and

| | |plentiful, but only by digging.

| | |Tributary of the Khor Tumat

| | |flowing northwards.

| | |

| | |After crossing khor, country again

| | |flat and waterless, and covered

| | |with thin bush and grass.

| | |

J. Gami | 3½ | 37¾ |Road skirts northern spur and then

| | |runs in a south easterly direction

| | |towards centre of J. Ragreig.

| | |Ground now becomes uneven and much

| | |intersected by small khors flowing

| | |from the neighbouring hills to

| | |join Khor Shikatar. This khor

| | |rises in J. Ragreig and is at this

| | |point about 10 yards broad. Rocks

| | |and gravel in bed. Low banks.

| | |

| | |The hills comprising J. Ragreig

| | |form a horseshoe, up the central

| | |valley between the horns of which

| | |the road runs. After crossing the

| | |Khor Shikatar for the first time,

| | |the road gradually ascends a spur

| | |running down from the main or

| | |western ridge of J. Ragreig. About

| | |¼ mile further on it gradually

| | |returns to the valley, and

| | |crossing the Khor Shikatar it

| | |rises to the pass between the main

| | |peak of Ragreig and the conical

| | |peak immediately east of it.

| | |

| | |Road follows course of Khor

| | |Shikatar roughly. Ascent nowhere

| | |very steep, but rough and stony.

| | |Thick bush and trees in the

| | |valley.

| | |

J. Ragreig | 4½ | 42¼ |The pass over which the road runs

| | |is roughly 250 feet high. Nothing

| | |can be seen to the north without

| | |ascending one of the two peaks on

| | |either side, owing to trees; to

| | |the south a good view of the

| | |country can be seen, especially J.

| | |Keili, distant about 7 miles. This

| | |pass forms the boundary between

| | |Fazogli and Keili. Guides state

| | |that ridge west of road belonged

| | |to Fazogli, and that east of road

| | |to Keili. Jebel was originally

| | |inhabited, but is now deserted.

| | |Inhabitants have gone, some to

| | |Fazogli, some to Keili, forming

| | |the various Ragreig villages which

| | |are scattered about. Descent from

| | |pass on south side much steeper

| | |than ascent on north. Road zigzags

| | |at first, and then runs straight

| | |down, passing between two small

| | |jebels. Very rough and stony.

| | |Jebel on right inhabited by

| | |Ragreig people, no name

| | |obtainable.

| | |

| | |Country now very level again with

| | |slope downwards towards J. Keili.

| | |Thin bush and grass. Road good.

| | |

Khor Magansor | 2½ | 44¾ |Thirty yards wide. Rocky bed. High

| | |banks. No water at present.

| | |

_Khor Ofat_ | ½ | 45¼ |Twenty yards wide. Bed here full

| | |of rocks. Water plentiful. Pools

| | |still remaining, but water

| | |stagnant, and it is necessary to

| | |dig to obtain good water (Jan.

| | |1900).

| | |

| ½ | 45¾ |Cultivation now begins opposite

| | |northern extremity of J. Keili,

| | |but only in patches, which are

| | |enclosed in thorn zaribas. Chiefly

| | |dura.

| | |

| | |Road runs through centre of level

| | |ground lying between J. Keili on

| | |the right and Jebels Anguba and

| | |Fashola on the left.

| | |

| 1½ | 47¼ |Cultivation becomes continuous,

| | |extending to foot of jebels on

| | |either side of road. Large trees

| | |scattered about, especially near

_Keili_ (camp | 1 | 48¼ |jebels. Mek’s house lies at the

under J. | | |foot of J. Keili, opposite J.

Fashola) | | |Fashola.

| | |

| | |There is no regular village, as

| | |the tukls are scattered round at

| | |the foot of the hills. All the

| | |centre part of the valley is more

| | |or less under water during the

| | |rains.

| | |

| | |Rest house here. Supplies of all

| | |kinds except vegetables and fruit

| | |are plentiful. I counted one herd

| | |of 20 fine cows on first entering

| | |valley. Natives will take Egyptian

| | |money, but seem to prefer empty

| | |bottles or necklaces, soap would

| | |probably go well. Donkeys are

| | |scarce, and it is difficult to

| | |hire or buy.

| | |

| | |Road on leaving valley skirts J.

| | |Fashola closely, and then heads

| | |nearly due south for J. Kamye.

| | |

| | |Towards south and west there is a

| | |stretch of apparently unbroken

| | |flat bush to the horizon.

| | |Cultivation ceases almost

| | |directly.

| | |

Khor Gulbis | 1½ | 49¾ |Ten yards wide, said to flow into

| | |Blue Nile near Abu Shaneina.

| | |

| | |At 2 miles from Keili there is a

| | |knoll on some high ground, with a

| | |large and prominent tree, which

| | |forms a good landmark when

| | |approaching from the north.

| | |

J. Kamye | — | — |A low lying range of round-topped

| | |hills. No rock showing, grass

| | |right up to summit. Road passes

| | |through outlying spurs and knolls

| | |of this jebel on the western side.

| | |Come cultivation on northern

| | |slopes, and a great deal (chiefly

| | |dura) on the south-west.

| | |

| | |Leaving J. Kange on right, road

| | |passes through some low ground

Khor Dunga | 4 | 53¾ |covered with bamboo, probably

| | |swampy in rainy season, crossing

| | |Khor Dunga, 10 yards wide.

| | |

| | |Road now crosses a succession of

| | |small khors, all running west to

| | |join the Khor Timsah. Low ridges

| | |between khors.

| | |

Khor Umburri | 3¾ | 57 |Ten yards wide, steep banks, sandy

| | |bed, bush becomes thicker beyond

| | |this khor.

| | |

Khor Ahemir | 1¾ | 58¾ |Five yards wide, low banks where

| | |road crosses; joins Khor Timsah

| | |about ¾ mile further west.

| | |

_Khor Timsah_ | ¼ | 59 |Twenty yards wide, very rocky bed,

| | |steep banks; flows about due west

| | |where crossed by road, but turns

| | |north about ¼ mile further down

| | |stream. Probably joins Khor

| | |Gulbis.

| | |

| | |One large and deep pool of water

| | |at present, where road crosses,

| | |supply considerable, and fish can

| | |be caught in it; very muddy water,

| | |but appears to be good.

| | |

| | |Road becomes more level now, and

| | |fewer small khors to cross.

| | |

J (?) | 2¼ | 61¼ |Low hills, thickly covered with

| | |grass and bush.

| | |

| | |Road runs up a central spur.

| | |Ascent gradual and road fairly

| | |good. Descent on north side also

| | |along spur, but steeper; road not

| | |so good, and covered with loose

| | |stones.

| | |

Khor Gummi | 2¾ | 64 |Twelve yards wide; stones in bed.

| | |

Khor Mingil | ½ | 64½ |A small shall khor. Hills (J.

| | |Mingil) now begin on either side.

| | |Road good, no steep gradients.

| | |Bush all over the hills, very

| | |thick in the valleys, but thinner,

| | |and long grass on top.

| | |

J. Kurmuk | 3¾ | 68¼ |Gradual descent to foot of J.

| | |Kurmuk. Tukls scattered round

| | |jebel, but probably not very many

| | |inhabitants.

| | |

| | |Latter all fled at our approach,

| | |and very little information could

| | |be obtained. No water near road,

| | |but a little is said to be

| | |procurable further round jebel.

| | |Apparently nothing for sale.

| | |

| | |Road to Dul now turns off in a

| | |more easterly direction, and takes

| | |a straight course towards the

| | |jebel, which is plainly visible.

| | |Country quite flat and shallow

| | |until Khor El Dahab is reached.

| | |Bush thick. Probably wet and boggy

| | |during rains.

| | |

Khor Wirta | ½ | 68¾ |Five yards wide, sandy bed. Just

| | |after this khor a road branches

| | |off to right, which, according to

| | |the guides, is used as an

| | |alternative road to Dul in wet

| | |weather, it rejoins the main road

| | |further on.

| | |

_Khor el | 3½ | 72¼ |Twenty yards wide, banks steep,

Dahab_ | | |about 20 feet high, sandy bed.

| | |Winds very much in and out amongst

| | |these bends for some distance

| | |before actually crossing it. Good

| | |water obtainable here at present,

| | |also at a place about 200 yards

| | |before that, at which the road

| | |crosses khor. Gold found here

| | |about ¼ mile before crossing khor;

| | |there are a number of circular

| | |shaft about 3 feet in diameter,

| | |and some about as much as 20 feet

| | |deep, from which the earth is

| | |taken. This is the first important

| | |khor in the basin of the White

| | |Nile.

| | |

Khor Goshindo | 2¾ | 75 |Small khor with steep banks.

| | |

| | |Road now becomes hilly, and

| | |follows edge of high ground, the

| | |ground on the left falling away

| | |rapidly to khor in valley below.

| | |

Dul | 2¼ | 77¼ |No actual town, but a number of

| | |tukls scattered about outlying

| | |spurs of Dul, also on north side

| | |of valley, and khor, which runs

| | |down in a north-westerly direction

| | |from the hills.

| | |

| | |The natives depend entirely upon

| | |the gold which they find, and

| | |import all supplies from Gomasha.

| | |Nothing seems to be grown in this

| | |country. They are an idle and very

| | |unintelligent people, and are

| | |unwilling to be of any assistance.

| | |They seem to be genuinely afraid

| | |of the Abyssinians. Water

| | |plentiful and fairly good obtained

| | |in khor.

| | |

| | |Road now takes a southerly

| | |direction and skirts the eastern

| | |slopes of J. Dul, winding in and

| | |out amongst its spurs. Road rough

| | |in places and stony, but on the

| | |whole good. Tukls on all the high

| | |ground.

| | |

Khor Biberis | 1½ | 78¾ |Small khor with rocky bed.

| | |

Khor Adunga | ½ | 79¼ |Small shallow khor. Gold pits

| | |along banks.

| | |

Arakuba | ¼ | 79½ |A collection of a few tukls on the

| | |main jebel.

| | |

Khor Udanduk | 1¼ | 80¾ |Actual channel 5 yards wide, it

| | |has low banks, and evidently

| | |overflows its banks. Road crosses

| | |it just beyond the south-western

| | |spur of J. Dul, and heads direct

| | |for J. Mindon.

| | |

Khor Gensogala| ¼ | 81 |Five yards wide, sandy bed.

| | |

(Forked roads)| ¼ | 81¼ |Road divides; that on right going

| | |to Kirin _viâ_ Kumfo, and Jebels

| | |Beldoesu and Fana Gamenta; that on

| | |the left _viâ_ Goha, Asosa, and

| | |Fadasi.

| | |

| | |The former is a direct road, and

| | |could easily be made fairly good

| | |by clearing bamboo and levelling.

| | |It is very little used, however,

| | |and there are no villages along

| | |it. Water is somewhat scarce. The

| | |latter, as far as we went, is a

| | |very bad hilly road; but a great

| | |trade route and very much used.

| | |Probably good when once the

| | |watershed is crossed.

| | |

| — | 81¼ |Take right hand road at fork (left

| | |to Gomasha). Road crosses a number

| | |of small khors. Ground between

| | |low-lying, and would probably be

| | |mostly under water during rains. A

| | |great deal of bamboo. Road

| | |difficult to find.

| | |

_Khor Ageheni_| ¾ | 82 |Broad shallow khor with low banks

| | |and sandy bed. Road followed by us

| | |did not cross khor at this point,

| | |but took us some distance more to

| | |the west before doing so. We were

| | |without guides, however, and the

| | |road is difficult to follow.

| | |Probably we made an unnecessary

| | |detour. Plenty of water just below

| | |the surface. Natives were washing

| | |gold just below where we crossed;

| 1¼ | 83¼ |their tukls are scattered all

| | |about here.

| | |

J. Kumfo | 1¾ | 85 |Small jebels with tukls on them; a

| | |little cultivation; road passes

| | |west of them.

| | |

Khor (?) | 1 | 86 |Road passes between jebels,

| | |crossing small khor, very rough

| | |and rocky, and sides of khor

| | |steep. Road runs now along eastern

| | |slopes of hills. Very rough and

| | |covered with bamboo, which brings

| | |rate of progress of caravan down

| | |to about 2 miles per hour. From

| | |here to the camp by the small khor

| | |S. of Khor Delligi.

| | |

Khor Belligi | 1¼ | 87¼ |Twenty five yards broad, very

| | |shallow, sandy bed. No water.

| | |

_Khor_ (?) | 1 | 88¼ |Small khor with very rocky bed and

| | |difficult crossing for Hamla. Two

| | |large pools of very good water

| | |(Jan. 1900).

| | |

| | |Road continues in a south-easterly

| | |direction. Bush on both sides, but

| | |a small patch of cultivation on

| | |the right at one place.

| | |

(Forked roads)| 1 | 89¼ |Road divides; take right hand

| | |branch, leading straight towards

| | |J. Beldoesu.

| | |

| 1 | 90¼ |Two small shallow khors, 15 yards

| | |wide, sandy.

| | |

_Khor_ (?) | 1¼ | 91½ |Khor 20 yards wide, a little water

| | |on digging.

| | |

J. Beldoesu | — | — |Road now keeps along western

| | |slopes of J. Beldoesu. Numerous

| | |small deep khors to cross, and

| | |ground exceedingly rough and

| | |difficult for Hamla. On leaving J.

| | |Beldoesu road improves and runs up

| | |and across valley between J.

| | |Fanaoge and J. Fanagamenta.

| | |

_K. Zalan_ | 5¼ | 96¾ |A large quantity of excellent

| | |water in pools in the rock. Best

| | |place for Hamla to cross is by a

| | |sandbank, just above the rock.

| | |

| | |Beyond Khor Zalan the road is

| | |fairly good, but progress of Hamla

| | |is very much hampered by the

| | |bamboo.

| | |

(Pass) | 6¼ | 103 |Road gradually ascends, and

| | |finally runs over a low and easy

| | |pass between J. Fanaoge and J.

| | |Fanagamenta. Pass about 200 feet

| | |high. Descent on south side along

| | |eastern slopes of valley. Khors

| | |are numerous and very deep, but no

| | |water. Road extremely rough and

| | |hilly.

| | |

_Khor Ahrakad_| 5¼ | 108¼ |Small khor with stony bed. A

| | |little water on digging, but

| | |supply salty and very limited.

| | |This khor is not actually crossed

| | |by the road at the point where

| | |best water is found, but lies a

| | |short distance to the east.

| | |

J. Taza | — | — |A fair sized jebel with two peaks

| | |and extremely steep sides. Road

| | |passes west of it.

| | |

Khor Lashe | ¾ | 109 |Small khor with steep banks.

| | |

| ¾ | 109¾ |Road forks; keep to right.

| | |

Khor Turus(or | ½ | 110¼ |Broad khor with stony bed.

Yander) | | |

| | |

J. Belsuri | — | — |Road now passes between J. Belsuri

| | |on left and J. Hode on right.

| | |Rather hilly and rough.

| | |

J. Hode | — | — |These hills are inhabited, and

| | |there is some cultivation.

| | |

| 1¼ | 111½ |Forked roads in open space; keep

| | |to left.

| | |

| | |In the valley, through which road

| | |now runs, there is a great deal of

| | |cultivation. Flat bush as far as

| | |the eye can reach towards south

| | |and south-west.

| | |

_Khor Gaduk_ | 3 | 114½ |Small khor with steep banks, a

| | |little muddy water still left

| | |above ground (Jan. 1900).

| | |

Agani | 1½ | 116 |A few tukls; a considerable

| | |quantity of cultivation, chiefly

| | |dura.

| | |

(Forked roads)| 1 | 117 |Forked roads; keep to right.

| | |

(Forked roads)| 1½ | 118½ |Forked roads—keep to left.

| | |

Khor (?) | ¼ | 118¾ |Small khor 10 yards wide—south

| | |bank steep.

| | |

Ashuli | ¼ | 119 |A few tukls surrounded by

| | |cultivation. Road turns to left

| | |and then bears round to right, and

| | |skirts the southern slopes of J.

J. Gushu | — | — |Gushu; rough in places, but good

| | |on the whole.

| | |

_Khor Shugalu_| ¾ | 119¾ |Large khor with high steep banks,

(Khor Befar) | | |sandy bed. Good water plentiful;

| | |much cultivation along banks,

| | |including onions, water-melons,

| | |&c.

| | |

| | |After crossing khor, ground rather

| | |uneven and grass and bush rather

| | |thick, until you get close to J.

| | |Kirin. Open ground along its base.

| | |

_Kirin_ | 1½ | 121¼ |Tukls scattered all round the

(Sheikh | | |jebel, but most of the big men

Hamed’s House)| | |seem to live close to this place.

| | |

| | |Open ground at base of hill, and

| | |very good place for camp at

| | |present, but might be wet during

| | |rainy season. Water taken from

| | |wells in sand about ¼ mile away,

| | |rather muddy, and of a thick white

| | |colour like milk. Supply scanty at

| | |present, and our party finally

| | |took their water from Khor

| | |Shugalu. Inhabitants most

| | |friendly. Sheep, pigs, chickens,

| | |eggs, and dura in overwhelming

| | |quantities, were sent as presents.

| | |Onions and milk (goats) can be

| | |obtained, but supply is limited.

| | |

| | |People are ready to sell for gold

| | |(native, in rings), beads, soap,

| | |old bottles, tins, &c. Beads (blue

| | |or red) seem to be the chief thing

| | |required. Salt is also good. We

| | |got rid of a few fasses, but iron

| | |does not seem to be in request.

| | |Spear heads are no good. Cloth of

| | |the most brilliant colours

| | |possible would probably also go

| | |well. Sheikh Hamed has large

| | |stores of dura in tukls on the

| | |hill, and sold it to us at 3 gold

| | |rings (each worth about 45

| | |piastres) the ardeb. There is a

| | |small quantity of semsem (5 rings

| | |the ardeb) and lubia.

| | |

| | |From Kirin the road runs straight

| | |on nearly due south. Some bad

| | |rocky places, until the spurs of

| | |the mountain are all left behind,

| | |the road then level and fairly

| | |good, passing through bush of

| | |varying thickness, but with very

| | |little thorn in it, and patches of

| | |bamboo along the banks of the

| | |khors.

--------------+-------------+------+----------------------------------

133.—KIRIN TO KODOK.

BY MAJOR C. W. GWYNN, APRIL, 1903.

A mixed Hamla—mules, donkeys and camels—was taken from Kirin to

Kodok, April, 1903.

No rain had fallen, but more water was found in the neighbouring

country than in previous years, so that conditions of water may be

assumed normal for middle of dry season, but more favourable than

usual for extreme end of dry season.

There was no recognised track, and no guides could be obtained from

Kirin, nor would it have been possible to obtain Dinka guides to make

the journey in the reverse direction.

The route followed is not necessarily the best, as probably deflections

were made by guides owing to inter-village fighting or for other

reasons.

--------------+--------------------+----------------------------------

| Miles. |

Place. +-------------+------+ Description.

|Intermediate.|Total.|

--------------+-------------+------+----------------------------------

Kirin | — | — |From Kirin there are several

| | |tracks leading west to the farm

| | |village belonging to Ahmed Wad

| | |Yimr.

| | |

_Khor Yabus_ | 13 | 13 |Water is obtainable at several

at junction | | |places, _vide_ Map.

with Khor | | |

Serekoli | | |

| | |

| | |The Khor Yabus known to the Gallas

| | |as Ayaya, and to the Khomas as

| | |Kizi, is a strong flowing stream

| | |40 feet wide and 1 foot deep,

| | |rocky bottom and wooded banks.

| | |Soil in neighbourhood mostly sandy

| | |and firm. Stream full of fish,

| | |which many Kirin people come to

| | |catch and dry. Fishing places do

| | |not extend more than 20 miles west

| | |of Kirin.

| | |

| | |As I had been told the Khor Yabus

| | |took a sharp bend S. after

| | |clearing the hills I chose the

| | |left bank, so as to avoid missing

| | |the turn. The ground near the khor

| | |was stony and broken by side

| | |khors, so marched well clear of

| | |stream. Ground firm and bush not

| | |thick enough to be an obstacle. If

| | |grass had not been burnt going

| | |would have been difficult.

| | |

_Khor Mia_ | 13 | 26 |Went to Yabus for water at its

| | |junction with a large khor

| | |(probably Khor Mia), coming from

| | |the Khoma mountains. The character

| | |of the Yabus had changed, and now

| | |ran over a level sandy bed, water

| | |6 inches deep, banks cotton soil,

| | |marshy and high grass jungle.

| | |Country on either side almost

| | |entirely open, but large trees by

| | |the khor. Country from this point

| | |to the beginning of Burun villages

| | |swarms with game—buffalo and

| | |elephant. Hunting parties from

| | |Kirin, with rifles, constantly

| | |about.

| | |

Khor | 5 | 31 |Kept clear of banks of khor again,

| | |which were swampy and had thick

| | |jungle in places. Country away

| | |from river open and slightly

| | |undulating.

| | |

_J. Belshingi_| 1 | 32 |Cotton soil, but fair going. Khor

and Jebel | | |passes between Jebel Belshingi on

Belatoma | | |N. bank and J. Belatoma on S. A

| | |rocky outlying knoll of latter

| | |close to stream gives a fair

| | |camping ground at its base. A wide

| | |marshy khor comes from the south

| | |just before reaching this knoll.

| | |

| | |The Yabus winds round the south

| | |end of J. Belshingi and spreads

| | |out into two marshy lakes, a small

_Knoll_ | 3 | 35 |rocky knoll forming the extreme

| | |south end of J. Belshingi (though

| | |on opposite side of khor) lying

| | |between the lakes.

| | |

| | |The north bank of Yabus is wooded,

| | |but country to south is open. Bed

| | |of stream winds through wide

| | |marshy belt. Skirting the marsh,

| | |game tracks gave good going.

| | |

Village | 4 | 39 |First Burun village was deserted.

(deserted) (?)| | |Found it had been raided by Kirin

Mago | | |people two months before, and

| | |Sheikh Digga had been killed.

| | |Village had evidently been

| | |occupied since. From this village

| | |found a good track, and, after 3

| | |miles, bush became thick; many dom

| | |palms.

| | |

_N’yunka_ | 4 | 43 |N’yunka, a collection of villages

| | |among dom thickets. No men at

| | |first to be seen, but surprised

| | |some women who shortly induced men

| | |to appear. Latter very frightened

| | |at first. All armed with long

| | |bows, wooden pointed featherless

| | |arrows and generally a spear, and

| | |quite naked.

| | |

| | |A good track ran through wooded

| | |country S. of the Yabus, passing

| | |the villages of Toma, N’dinga,

| | |Bane Bugga, Ote, Onka and the

| | |villages of Sheikh Washa. At these

| | |latter crossed the Yabus, which

_Yabus | 9 | 52 |from this point turns S.W. The

crossing_ | | |Buruns could not give me any clear

| | |account of where it went to, but

| | |thought it discharged into Sobat.

| | |I believe it opens out into a

| | |swampy lake which also receives

| | |the Sonka, and part of the water

| | |from this may make its way to the

| | |Sobat near Nasser and part into

| | |the Khor Adar. When last seen

| | |there was a good flow of water.

| | |The country to S.W. appeared to be

| | |thickly wooded, and I could not

| | |ascertain to what extent it was

| | |inhabited.

| | |

| | |Track continued to be good, and

| | |passed through villages of Kanje

| | |and Loma, almost deserted owing to

| | |distance from Walu to Bangaia.

| | |

_Bangaia_ | 7 | 59 |Hafirs. The village is small and

| | |the hafirs are in a marshy

| | |overflow from a khor ½ mile S.E.

| | |of village. These Burun hafirs are

| | |generally dug in marshy spots, and

| | |sometimes are merely reservoirs,

| | |sometimes really gammams. They are

| | |carefully covered in with sticks,

| | |and grass and water is generally

| | |clean and good. At Bangaia very

| | |good and plentiful.

| | |

_Tuer_ | 3 | 62 |Small village with hafir—several

| | |deserted villages between it and

| | |Bangaia.

| | |

Beio | 5½ | 67½ |Track good, country fairly open.

| | |Small village.

| | |

Hillock | 1 | 68½ |Very small hillock with few huts.

| | |

Kyela | 2½ | 71 |Kyela is a group of several

| | |villages with wide track of

| | |cultivation. Inhabitants gone away

| | |for water.

| | |

| | |After 4 miles track ceases, and

| | |guides took us N.W., avoiding a

| | |piece of badly broken cotton soil.

| | |

_K. Yungen_ | 9 | 80 |Lot of giraffe and ostrich. A

| | |gammam with some very bad water in

| | |Khor Yungen.

| | |

_Nyeda_ | 3 | 83 |Nyeda, a village with 300 to 400

| | |people on Khor Murga (probably the

| | |same as Khor Yungen). Poor water

| | |in gammams in khor. These are 6

| | |feet deep and fill slowly; barely

| | |gave water enough for 50 animals

| | |and 50 men.

| | |

| | |From here a good number of people

| | |know a little Arabic or Dinka. The

| | |Sheikh is Dar El Sagia, and he has

| | |been fighting with the surrounding

| | |villages.

| | |

| | |The whole district is called Dar

| | |El Imam and was under a Sheikh

| | |called Wad Regab Wad Ali. This man

| | |was murdered some four years ago,

| | |and Dar El Sagia claims to be his

| | |successor, but is not recognised

| | |by most of the villages. This is

| | |about the limit of the raiding of

| | |the Beni Shangul people.

| | |

| | |Khor Murga is said to be a branch

| | |of the big khor which formed from

| | |the khors between Jebel Kurmuk and

| | |Jebel Fanagamenta, passes close to

| | |J. Jumjum under the name of Khor

| | |Tumbakh.

| | |

| | |J. Jumjum lies south of J. Mofwa

| | |and is the southern limit of Idris

| | |Wad Regab’s influence at present.

| | |Khor Tumbakh appears to split up

| | |into branches, and one probably

| | |reaches Khor Adar near Rengachuk.

| | |

_Hafirs_ | 4 | 87 |Two good hafirs. Track bad over

| | |broken cotton soil.

| | |

Nyeda (Sh. | 8 | 95 |After passing hafirs track becomes

Tukani) camp | | |very good and goes through a

| | |number of villages whose

| | |inhabitants had gone to water.

| | |About two miles short of camp

| | |entered on a wide stretch of

| | |cultivation, cotton soil.

| | |Scattered villages. No defined

| | |khor, but probably the whole under

| | |water in the rains from overflow

| | |of Khor Tumbakh. There were many

| | |gammams, but water very bad and

| | |muddy.

| | |

_Dinko Wad | 7 | 102 |Bad going over cotton soil. Dinko

Dageig_ | | |Wad Dageig was last Burun village.

| | |It is situated in a grove of dom

| | |palms, dry sandy soil. Water from

| | |gammam 10 feet deep, plentiful and

| | |good. This village is in about 10°

| | |10′ and 30° 10′ E.

| | |

Tibn | 13 | 115 |There is no defined track west of

| | |this, but hunting parties

| | |frequently go to El Tame. Passed

| | |over open country; cotton soil,

| | |rather rough going. Passed the

| | |Debba of Tibn lying ¼ mile to

| | |right just before entering a track

| | |of park land; heglig trees.

| | |

| | |Tibn was the most outlying of the

| | |Dinka villages, but had been

| | |deserted since the beginning of

| | |the Mahdia. Water used to be

| | |stored in hafirs, but now none.

| | |

| | |A second debba was seen about four

| | |miles further W.

| | |

_El Tame_ | 10 | 125 |Heglig trees last for eight miles,

| | |and cotton soil is bad. El Tame is

| | |a marshy lake, or rather two large

| | |pools in a khor, which, however,

| | |does not appear to connect to

| | |anything.

| | |

| | |Water is plentiful, but muddy and

| | |fouled by game. There are no trees

| | |or anything to mark the position

| | |of the water except flocks of

| | |birds. Game very abundant, and

| | |both Buruns and Dinkas come to

| | |hunt. The latter are very much

| | |afraid of the Buruns.

| | |

Khor Adar | 15 | 140 |Kept S.W. for 15 miles. Cotton

| | |soil and fairly good going;

| | |country generally open with a few

| | |clumps of heglig. Struck Khor Adar

| | |at some feriks belonging to Sheikh

| | |Wal Awal at about the point where

| | |Captain Wilson’s reconnaissance

| | |ended. This point is about 40

| | |miles due east of Kodok. The

| | |Dinkas, however, in going to Kodok

| | |always follow the Khor Adar to

| | |Rengachuk and thence across to the

| | |Nile at Mialek, which makes a

| | |journey at least 20 miles longer

Kodok | 60 (?) | 200 |and involves several crossings of

| | (?) |the Khor Adar.

--------------+-------------+------+----------------------------------

134.—KHOR BOSUK[43], _viâ_ KHOR EINE TO GOHA.

BY MAJOR G. DE H. SMITH, FEBRUARY, 1904.

--------------+--------------------+----------------------------------

| Miles. |

Place. +-------------+------+ Description.

|Intermediate.|Total.|

--------------+-------------+------+----------------------------------

Camp (Khor | — | — |

Bosuk) | | |

| | |

Cavalry Camp | 12 | 12 |The road runs along the foot of

(Khor Bosuk) | | |the N. slopes of J. Beldoesu; a

| | |new road now made along other side

| | |of valley and along course of

| | |stream which is much better going.

| | |

| | |From Cavalry Camp, where there is

| | |a lot of water (running in khor),

| | |the road goes up a slope up the

| | |Shanendo valley, also called

| | |Fanishuman (name of old village).

| | |The ascent up the valley is easy

| | |at first, but afterwards up steep

| | |slopes with rocks. Water is met

| | |with twice on way up—at one place

| | |a running stream. There is a bad

| | |bit of road just at this stream,

| | |difficult even to make it safe for

| | |horses and mules. For camels the

| | |road would require zigzaging and

| | |grading. There are flat places on

| | |the tops of the spurs where halts

| | |can be made.

| | |

_Khor Eine_ | 7 | 19 |From top of pass the road goes

| | |along the plateau in an easterly

| | |direction till Khor Eine is

| | |reached, where there is a flowing

| | |stream, good shade and grazing,

| | |and camping ground.

| | |

Camp at Goha | 3 | 22 |From Khor Eine good road round

| | |spur leads into Goha, about 2

| | |miles before reaching which road

| | |branches off to Asosa, going in a

| | |southerly direction. The tukls are

| | |on the foot of slope of J. Goha

| | |and also all over the top of the

| | |hill. J. Goha is a series of

| | |broken, rocky hills, and is in

| | |reality a spur projecting from the

| | |higher plateau.

| | |

| | |There is a fair amount of

| | |cultivation in patches in the open

| | |valley. There is a running stream

| | |at foot of Goha Hill on N. side,

| | |which is fed by many tributaries,

| | |most of which contain running

| | |water. There is a good camping

| | |ground across this stream on low

| | |hills facing the lower N. slopes

| | |of J. Goha, water and grazing

| | |plentiful. Supplies of dura

| | |apparently got from Asosa. There

| | |were only about 20 cattle to be

| | |seen, and no sign of any trade

| | |going on or Gallabas about. This

| | |may be due to the disturbed state

| | |of the country and the roads being

| | |closed.

| | |

| | |

| | |(NOTE.—A small party of cavalry

| | |marched along this road at the

| | |rate of 3 to 4 miles per hour.)

--------------+-------------+------+----------------------------------

135.—GOHA, _viâ_ K. BARSU TO BOSUK.

BY MAJOR G. DE H. SMITH, FEBRUARY, 1904.

--------------+--------------------+----------------------------------

| Miles. |

Place. +-------------+------+ Description.

|Intermediate.|Total.|

--------------+-------------+------+----------------------------------

Camp Goha | — | — |Left Camp Goha in a north-westerly

| | |direction—road leads across the

| | |plateau and crosses some khors.

| | |This is a good road and apparently

| | |much used by Gallabas, as their

| | |camping places at intervals on the

| | |khors were passed—where there is

| | |the usual pool or trickling

| | |stream. The road comes to top of

| | |pass marked 4,670 feet. From here

| | |an extensive view is obtained of

| | |Dul, J. Jerok, etc.

| | |

| | |The descent of the pass is steep,

| | |although the road is well defined.

| | |There is only one real good

| | |halting place on a spur before

| | |descending into the Barsu valley.

| | |

_K. Barsu_ | 9 | 14 |The road crosses the khor at a

| | |conspicuous Gemmeiza tree where

| | |there is water in small

| | |quantities. Further on the stream

| | |runs in places and disappears

| | |again. A good camping ground is

| | |reached a 5 hours from camp at

| | |Goha which is used by Gallabas.

| | |

Camp Khor | 8 | 22 |The road leads along the khor,

Bosuk | | |water running at intervals of 45

| | |minutes; from this point the roads

| | |separate to Dul Jerok and towards

| | |Mindok. Taking the last one khor

| | |under J. Agadi is reached—good

| | |grazing and water here, and

| | |vegetables cultivated—from here

| | |camp Bosuk is one hour and half

| | |along the broken ground at foot of

| | |slopes of the Beldoesu valley.

| | |

| | |

| | |(NOTE.—A small party of Cavalry

| | |marched along this route at an

| | |average rate of 2¾ miles per

| | |hour.)

--------------+-------------+------+----------------------------------

136.—CAMP ON KHOR BOSUK[44] TO ASOSA.

BY MAJOR G. DE H. SMITH, MARCH, 1904.

--------------+--------------------+----------------------------------

| Miles. |

Place. +-------------+------+ Description.

|Intermediate.|Total.|

--------------+-------------+------+----------------------------------

_Camp Khor | — | — |The road runs along the foot of

Bosuk_ | | |the N. slopes of J. Beldoesu. A

| | |new road has now been made along

| | |the other side of valley and along

| | |course of stream, which is much

| | |better going.

| | |

_Cavalry Camp | 12 | 12 |From Cavalry Camp, where there is

(Khor Bosuk)_ | | |a lot of water (running in khor).

| | |The road goes up a slope up the

| | |Shanendo valley, also called

| | |Fanishuman (name of old villages).

| | |The ascent up the valley is easy

| | |at first, afterwards up steep

| | |slopes with rocks. Water is met

| | |with twice on way up, at one place

| | |a running stream. There is a bad

| | |bit of road just at this stream,

| | |difficult even to make it safe for

| | |horses and mules. For camels the

| | |road would require zigzaging and

| | |grading. There are flat places on

| | |the top of the spurs where halts

| | |can be made.

| | |

_Khor Eine_ | 7 | 19 |From top of pass the road goes

| | |along the plateau in an easterly

| | |direction till Khor Eine is

| | |reached, where there is a flowing

| | |stream, good shade, grazing and

| | |camping ground.

| | |

| | |From Khor Eine good road round

| | |spur into Goha. About 2 miles out

| | |on this road Goha-Asosa track

| | |strikes it in a southerly

| | |direction, goes up parallel to N.

| | |slopes of Goha hills, crossing

| | |pass on to top of plateau; water-

| | |course on N. side of road, water

| | |also. Nearly at once cross a khor

| | |on top of plateau with water which

| | |flows down in direction Khor

| | |Zalan. Road rocky in few places,

| | |but on whole good. Good camp at

_Khor Afaferi_| 13 | 32 |Khor Afaferi, 13 miles.

| | |

| | |Good road crosses a marsh near

| | |Abdel Rahman Wad Khojali’s

| | |village, which is passed after 2½

| | |hours’ march. Asosa comes in view

| | |across a wide valley which takes

| | |over 1 hour to get round; a water

| | |course passed. Convenient to water

| | |here before going into Asosa, as

| | |water some distance off village.

| | |

_Asosa_ | 15 | 47 |Asosa is a collection of villages

| | |on a large spur which is part of

| | |the plateau and juts out over a

| | |valley.

| | |

| | |There are three rocky hills, all

| | |with houses on them. People

| | |prosperous and well to do. A

| | |certain amount of cultivation

| | |near, but chief cultivation near a

| | |small hill E. of Asosa. Sheikh

| | |Hamed apparently a very determined

| | |ruler and looks after his people.

| | |There is an Abyssinian post here

| | |of about 15 to 20 men.

| | |

| | |

| | |(NOTE.—A troop of Sudanese regular

| | |cavalry and a party of mounted

| | |irregulars marched by this route

| | |at the rate of 3 miles per hour,

| | |forced marching.)

--------------+-------------+------+----------------------------------

137.—ASOSA TO KHOR BOSUK, _viâ_ KHOR SURGALLA AND KHOR ZALAN.

BY MAJOR G. DE H. SMITH, MARCH, 1904.

--------------+--------------------+----------------------------------

| Miles. |

Place. +-------------+------+ Description.

|Intermediate.|Total.|

--------------+-------------+------+----------------------------------

Asosa | — | — |Leaving Asosa by road to Goha and

| | |march for an hour along it. Then

| | |branch off W. and drop off plateau

| | |on to a succession of small hills,

| | |with villages, going along crest

| | |of their spurs. A few steep and

_K. Dadeferi_ | 10 | 10 |rocky places in crossing khors—to

| | |Khor Dadeferi—running stream with

| | |village above it, not much room

| | |for camp.

| | |

| | |Ascent out of khor steep to

| | |village; steep ascents and

| | |descents, passing cultivated

| | |clearings and villages (all

| | |Hamed’s).

| | |

_Khor | 8 | 18 |Reach Khor Sirekoli (Surgalla),

Sirekoli_ | | |good running stream, pretty open

(Surgalla) | | |ground here, good camp, grass

| | |plentiful. Road now rises

| | |abruptly.

| | |

| | |Road, after rising abruptly out of

| | |valley over hill, goes W., very

| | |steep and rocky track. Apparently

| | |not been much used lately; passes

_Khor Akori_ | 6 | 24 |over low rocky hills, a constant

| | |up and down, S. of J. Fanoje and

| | |then turns N. along foot of Fanoje

| | |hills, crosses Khor Akori, water

| | |here by digging, good grass.

| | |

_Khor Zalan_ | 6 | 30 |After a mile strike Kirin road,

| | |along this to Khor Zalan; water

| | |plentiful, also grass.

| | |

_Camp Bosuk_ | 6 | 36 |Go along track for 3 miles, then

| | |strike off to W., cross khor with

| | |water into camp.

--------------+-------------+------+----------------------------------

138.—GORE TO ABWONG (ON SOBAT).

BY CAPTAIN H. H. WILSON, FEBRUARY TO MARCH, 1904.

NOTE.—The route described in this report, after crossing the Baro

at 52½ miles from Gore, follows the left bank of that river as far

as Itang, thence the right bank to Nasser, thence the left bank of

the Sobat to Abwong. From Gambela, 64½ miles from Gore, the best

track westwards lies along the right bank. There is no difficulty in

travelling by this route during the driest season, _i.e._, February

to May. Practically no supplies can be relied on.

--------------+--------------------+----------------------------------

| Miles. |

Place. +-------------+------+ Description.

|Intermediate.|Total.|

--------------+-------------+------+----------------------------------

Gore | | |Gore is described elsewhere. It is

| | |surrounded by hills, some of which

| | |appear to be of nearly equal

| | |height. Country thickly wooded,

| | |but being cleared for cultivation.

| | |

| 2½ | 2½ |Track from here gets bad, going

| | |through forest and over a khor,

| | |east bank of which is very steep

| | |and difficult.

| | |

| 3½ | 6 |Forest gets very thick and

| | |tangled, roots and fallen trees

| | |lying across track. Hills very

| | |steep.

| | |

| 3 | 9 |Forest gets thinner, and glimpses

| | |of Gore can be had. Villages also

| | |appear in the open clearings. Some

| | |of the rivers hereabouts are

| | |bridged, but the bridges are very

| | |bad and dangerous for animals,

| | |which can in dry season cross by

| | |fording.

| | |

Rest house | 3¼ | 12¼ |House where travellers generally

| | |stop first march out from Gore, or

| | |last march in.

| | |

| 1⅛ | 13⅜ |Rocky river bed to cross. Route

| | |for next 6 miles is hilly and

| | |thickly wooded; several rivers to

| | |cross, mostly with rocky bottoms.

| | |

| 5⅝ | 19 |Beginning of Bure district;

| | |country much more open and thickly

| | |populated and cultivated; track

| | |much less hilly and wider.

| | |

| 5⅞ | 24⅞ |Market place on top of a hill;

| | |market twice a week.

| | |

Ato Melka’s | 4⅝ | 29½ |Track much better here and hills

house | | |not difficult, country cleared of

| | |trees to great extent and much

| | |cultivated.

| | |

| 1 | 30½ |Market place.

| | |

Ato Takallé’s | 5⅞ | 36⅜ |Situated on a hill. River to cross

house | | |just before reaching it. Takallé

| | |is governor of all Bure, and is

| | |charged with guarding the pass at

| | |Goma, which leads up from the Baro

| | |country.

| | |

Guard | 4 | 40⅜ |Guard house on hill (tukls and a

| | |“hosh”). Officer stationed here

| | |with about 30 men to guard the

| | |pass and report all arrivals and

| | |departures to the Ras.

| | |

Goma | 6 | 46⅜ |Rest houses on the top of pass.

| | |Descent for first two miles very

| | |difficult, track winding amongst

| | |boulders and large rocky slabs. It

| | |is necessary to use one’s hands

| | |and knees in getting up some of

| | |the places.

| | |

| 2⅛ | 48½ |Enter forest and cross mountain

| | |torrent, which would probably be

| | |impassable after heavy rains. From

| | |here down to the Baro ford is not

| | |difficult, though tiring, and,

| | |except for one or two bad ravines,

| | |loaded animals can get along

| | |without much difficulty.

| | |

River Baro | 4 | 52½ |Baro Ford spanned by a very

(ford) | | |ricketty wooden bridge, which is

| | |no longer safe. Animals and men

| | |cross river-bed in dry season: 3-4

| | |feet of water. Crossing very

| | |difficult owing to rocky uneven

| | |bottom and strong current, river

| | |here being succession of rapids.

| | |After crossing Baro, track leaves

| | |river and runs round hill, joining

| | |river again about 4 miles further

| | |on, from whence track follows

| | |river more or less closely as far

| | |as

| | |

Gambela | 12 | 64½ |Long scattered district, villages

| | |mostly on R. bank; a few small

| | |villages hidden in the forest on

| | |L. bank, inhabitants of which fled

| | |on appearance of Abyssinians.

| | |Recognised ferry here, two dug-

| | |outs. River, however, fordable for

| | |animals (January 14). Thick forest

| | |both banks. River full of hippos

| | |and crocodiles. Track leaves river

| | |here and runs about a mile inland

| | |as far as

| | |

R. Bonga | 1½ | 66 |10 yards wide, 10 feet banks, and

| | |1 to 2 feet water. Sandy bottom

| | |and passage easy. The regular

| | |track westwards from Gambela is on

| | |R. bank. I, however, followed L.

| | |bank to investigate. Gambela is

| | |called by the Anuaks Egelo. Track

| | |from here very bad, almost

| | |nonexisting, it being necessary to

| | |hew a way through the jungle in

| | |places. Ground very rocky at foot

| | |of small hills.

| | |

River Ichok | 11 | 77 |

| | |

River Wonkai | 1½ | 78½ |

| | |

River Wangd | 1 | 79½ |

Wong | | |

| | |

River Wanten | ¾ | 80¼ |All above dry (February, 1904).

| | |Width from 20 to 50 yards. Sandy

| | |bottoms and steep banks. Must be

| | |quite impassable after heavy

| | |rains, but Anuaks say that they

| | |quickly drain off.

| | |

Ile de | ½ | 80¾ |Series of rapids and small islands

Faidherbe | | |in dry season. Site where steamer

| | |was stranded marked by huge stone

| | |like a tomb-stone, 10 feet high,

| | |on a grass-covered island, which

| | |is submerged at high Nile. Anuaks

| | |and Abyssinians say the Faidherbe

| | |was carried away about three

| | |months after being left there, in

| | |three pieces, by Joti’s and

| | |Tesemma’s men, 200 to 300 men

| | |carrying a section on a tree

| | |trunk. Traces of broad track

| | |cleared for this purpose on river

| | |bank noticeable now. Small village

| | |right, track on left very bad,

| | |runs through long grass and forest

| | |to beginning of

| | |

Finkio | 7¾ | 88½ |Finkio; natives pronounce it

(Penkio) (site| | |Finkio, not Penkio. Villages,

of Trading | | |_i.e._, clusters of huts or

Station) | | |homesteads all along river here

| | |onwards. Names of villages marked

| | |on map are misleading, as the name

| | |applies to a district perhaps 10

| | |miles long. A shorter track exists

| | |from near Ogara to Itang, but I

| | |could not take it, as it was past

| | |mid-day, and I had to halt on

Nyokwar | 14½ | 103 |water. Track on to Itang from

| | |Nyokwar very bad, as it follows

| | |all bends of river except in one

| | |place, and ground is a succession

| | |of small deep gullies that are

| | |impassable for transport unless

| | |ramped, or marched round.

| | |

Ideni | 14½ | 117½ |Beginning of district of Ideni R.

| | |and Itang L.

| | |

Itang | 3 | 120½ |Eastern boundary of Itang Enclave.

| | |Sheikh Gelo, brother-in-law of

| | |Sheikh Nagor, of Ideni. Gelo is

| | |much feared by Anuaks, who

| | |approach his presence on all

| | |fours. Baro fordable here

| | |(February), 2 to 3 feet deep. Fine

| | |Gemmeiza trees at Itang, and good

| | |forest of fuel trees in vicinity.

| | |

| | |Most of these distances will not

| | |compare with the map, as there is

| | |no regular track on left bank.

| | |Owing to swampy nature of country

| | |in rains, track continually

| | |changes as fresh ground becomes

| | |passable and country dries up and

| | |gets burnt. Track in places

| | |dangerous, as it runs through

| | |dense long grass, within a foot of

| | |a 10 to 15 feet drop into river.

| | |Cows and transport animals fell

| | |over this on several occasions.

| | |

| | |Track between Itang and Gambela

| | |must be followed on right bank,

| | |that on left is too bad. Cross

| | |river at Itang. One mile on is

| | |village, part of district of

| | |Pangmala, village being under

Ajuoto | 1 | 121½ |Sheikha Ajuoto. This village is

| | |situated in a dense rubber forest,

| | |and the rubber vines are found all

| | |along the river in the Anuak

| | |country. Nobody collects the

| | |rubber. All approaches to this

| | |village were closed with thorn

| | |“abattis,” owing to the presence

| | |of Abyssinians.

| | |

| 1 | 122½ |Cross a small khor, which is sandy

| | |and fordable for animals at this

| | |point only at this time of year.

| | |There is a shorter track, which

| | |leaves the Sheikha’s village on

| | |the right, but leads to a wide

| | |part of the khor, impassable to

| | |animals owing to deep mud. Track

| | |now runs along edge of dense

| | |forest right and broad khor left,

| | |with forest beyond.

| | |

| 3 | 125½ |Forest left ceases and khor runs

| | |into open plain. Track crosses

| | |khor several times; liable to be

| | |muddy and difficult.

| | |

| 2 | 127½ |Big khor runs down from forest on

| | |right to river, passable only

| | |close up to forest.

| | |

| 1 | 128½ |Another big khor to cross, similar

| | |to above; mouth of this khor very

| | |deep and steep, impassable for

| | |animals, which must cross up by

| | |forest. Track now inland, 1 to 2

| | |miles from river.

| | |

| 11½ | 140 |Big khor to cross with lake

| | |inland, about 1 mile from river.

| | |

Kaich | 1 | 141 |Large Nuer village marked as

| | |Kaich, but name not recognised.

| | |Track from here uniformly good,

| | |passing over a broad grass plain

| | |which lies beyond the belt of

| | |trees that fringe the Baro and the

| | |forest further inland. The plain

| | |is burnt in January and becomes

| | |passable; it is under water during

| | |the rains. Several Nuer dry season

| | |villages along the plain, but

| | |these people all go off in the

| | |rains inland; probably a few small

| | |villages remain, that are built on

| | |small mounds. Game abounds in the

| | |forest inland here.

| | |

| 3 | 144 |Track strikes a big khor and runs

| | |along N. bank of it for 1½ miles,

| | |and then crosses it. Villages

| | |dotted all along khor.

| | |

| 2 | 146 |Cross khor again near its junction

| | |with river near big round island.

| | |River round this island (S.

| | |channel) is very rapid and

| | |difficult. Villages all along

| | |here, track runs inland and passes

Kaig | 5 | 151 |big village shown on map as Kaig,

| | |which name is not recognised.

| | |Nuers have mostly left this

| | |village since traders arrived.

| | |

R. Adura | 1 | 152 |Balamkun, or Kwemnum, eastern

| | |junction of Adura with Baro. Adura

| | |mouth dry (2nd January), but water

| | |in large reach further along. Good

| | |gemmeiza trees all along Baro up

| | |to here for last few miles, but no

| | |trees met with after this until

| | |Ajungmir (mile 216).

| | |

K. Chaich | 4½ | 156½ |Khor Chaich, not shown on map.

| | |

R. Baitiok | 3⅞ | 160⅜ |Khor Baitiok dry (February), 10

| | |yards wide, shallow; track has

| | |followed this khor for last three

| | |miles.

| | |

K. Jokau | ½ | 160⅞ |Khor Jokau, 2 to 2½ feet of water,

| | |very strong current, waterway 20

| | |feet wide. Natives all say that

| | |this is the only mouth of Garre

| | |and that Khor Machar does not

| | |communicate with Garre. Villages

| | |of Baitiok, or Chanchai opposite

| | |on left bank. Cultivation—both

| | |banks and huts. These Nuers come

| | |from Garjak where their wet-season

| | |villages are.

| | |

| 3 | 163⅞ |Big shallow khor, full of weeds

| | |but nearly dry. Track all along

| | |here is excellent, several miles

| | |inland from river; burnt grass

| | |plain.

| | |

Kwe | 6¾ | 170⅝ |Large winter village of Nuers,

| | |Kwe; very friendly; track now

| | |descends to the river at

| | |

K. Machar | 3 | 173⅝ |Only a winter (dry season)

| | |residence; groups of these

| | |temporary villages are dotted

| | |about. Khor Machar dried up.

| | |Natives say it does not discharge

| | |water, but only fills up from the

| | |Baro. The mouth of Khor Machar is

| | |much bigger than that of Jokau.

| | |

| 5⅝ | 179¼ |Big khor runs E. and W. with water

| | |in it. There is no track here at

| | |all (February, 1904), and way had

| | |to be forced through jungle of

| | |rank unburnt grass.

| | |

Kamkiri (E.) | 6⅞ | 186⅛ |E. end of island of Kamkiri.

| | |Village ¾ mile inland. River

| | |called Mainyal; only temporary.

| | |Distances from Machar are probably

| | |all too long, owing to winding

| | |about through the grass; under

| | |similar circumstances however they

| | |will not be found to be much less.

| | |

Kamkiri (W.) | 3½ | 189⅝ |W. end of island of Kamkiri. Not a

| | |tree visible anywhere, and no

| | |shade available. Grass unburnt

| | |(21st February), and going very

| | |difficult.

| | |

| 10½ | 200⅛ |Khor with half a foot of water in

| | |it.

| | |

K. Loinkildom | 4¼ | 204⅜ |Khor muddy, steep banks, probably

| | |that shown on map as Loinkildom,

| | |which name was not recognised.

| | |

| ¼ | 204⅝ |Another khor similar to above.

| | |

K. Makeir | ⅝ | 205¼ |Khor Makeir and village right,

| | |very big khor, 15 feet deep, 40 to

| | |50 yards. Wide sandy bottom, dry

| | |and passable in places (February).

| | |Water in deep pools.

| | |

| 6 | 211¼ |Going as bad as before. Thin bush

| | |starts right.

| | |

| 1¾ | 213 |Khor with water in it; muddy

| | |bottom, 3 feet wide, 3 feet deep.

| | |

K. Nyakol | 2 | 215 |Ten yards wide, 6 feet deep, 3

| | |feet of water with mud; very

| | |perpendicular banks; this was a

| | |very bad obstacle, even the

| | |saddles having to be taken off

| | |mules’ backs (February 22).

| | |

Ajungmir | 1½ | 216½ |Village on right bank, trees near.

| | |

| 3¼ | 219¾ |Track cuts across corner and

| | |strikes river again at

| | |

Nyariau | 1¾ | 221½ |Village of Nyariau, in 3 parts; 1

| | |small part on bank of river, and 1

| | |large and 1 small about 10 yards

| | |inland. Track runs inland through

| | |bush and forest, and strikes river

| | |at mile

| | |

| 2 | 223½ |Very thick gemmeiza trees left

| | |bank, bush right. River fordable

| | |here (February, 1904).

| | |

| 3⅛ | 226⅝ |Beginning of Anuak, part of

| | |Taufot, right bank. Track cuts

| | |across here to

| | |

Taufot | 1¼ | 227⅞ |Taufot (Nuer), very big compact

| | |village; stands back. Latest map

| | |shows big island near Taufot, but

| | |it is non-existent.

| | |

Khor Wakau | 2¼ | 230⅛ |Thirty yards wide at mouth, but

| | |opens out to nearer 150 yards

| | |higher up. Muddy bottom; 20 feet

| | |deep in rains, 3 to 5 feet in dry

| | |season. Big village of Kadbeg

| | |short way up Wakau.

| | |

Nasser | 3 | 233⅛ |Nasser left, Kwoinlualtong, right

| | |bank, for the last 2 miles

| | |upstream from Nasser. River not

| | |fordable here (February), but

| | |animals swam over at lower end of

| | |island, opposite Nasser, without

| | |difficulty.

| | |

| 1 | 234⅛ |Track enters forest (heglig and

| | |talh), track bad; cracked cotton

| | |soil.

| | |

Tolor | 5 | 239⅛ |Khor and fishing village of Tolor;

| | |khor 60 yards wide, and 3 to 5

| | |feet deep, muddy. Track follows

| | |khor down right bank, and crosses

| | |it at junction with river at mile

| | |

| 2¼ | 241⅜ |Crossing 3 feet deep, artificial

| | |channel for catching fish. Track

| | |now follows river for 1½ miles,

| | |then cuts across corner for

| | |Manajok.

| | |

| 3⅝ | 245 |Khor with 2 feet of water in it;

| | |good crossing.

| | |

Manajok | 2⅞ | 247⅞ |Manajok, Nuer part of village;

| | |swamp between village and river,

| | |few trees.

| | |

| ¼ | 248⅛ |Anuak part of village on bank,

| | |good Meshra, thin bush behind.

| | |

Nyakoik | 1⅝ | 249¾ |

| | |

| ⅜ | 250⅛ |Thin heglig forest. Huts all along

| | |from Nyakoik.

| | |

Tuargai | ⅝ | 250¾ |

| | |

Shillup | 6½ | 257¼ |Good heglig forest left most of

| | |the way, and plenty of shade

| | |trees, though none shown on map. A

| | |khor 3 feet deep, just before

| | |reaching Shillup. Track follows

| | |river till

| | |

Nyanglang | 2⅝ | 259⅞ |And then cuts across corner

| | |through forest to Fauwel.

| | |

Fauwel | 2¼ | 262⅛ |Large scattered village, running

| | |back into the woods; good shade

| | |trees and meshra and camping

| | |ground. Track all along bank.

| | |

K. Nyandieng | 2⅞ | 265 |Very broad mouth, 1½ miles wide;

| | |main discharge about 1 mile

| | |further on, deep and artificially

| | |deepened for fishing; crossed by

| | |two rough bridges. This khor is

| | |said to connect with Nerol (Khor

| | |Filus). Some Nuers say it does,

| | |and some not.

| | |

Manchom | 3⅝ | 268⅝ |Shown on map as Sholwaga.

| | |

Shwol | 3 | 271⅝ |Shown on map as Fugah. Track from

| | |here on edge of forest, swamp

| | |between it and river.

| | |

Gaiyat | 2⅛ | 273¾ |Shown on map as Abong. Nuers would

| | |not accept three names above as

| | |per map. A lot of these Nuer and

| | |Anuak villages have two or more

| | |names, and people who use one name

| | |pretend not to know other.

| | |

Patiyam | 2 | 275¾ |Thick forest behind swamp; few

| | |good shade trees on bank. Track

| | |runs along edge of forest some

| | |distance from river.

| | |

Gohinya | 3¼ | 279 |Scattered village hidden in

| | |forest.

| | |

Fanyang | 3 | 282 |Scattered village in heglig

| | |forest. Track from here runs over

| | |dry swamp. A track exists at

| | |certain seasons of the year,

| | |generally when grass is burnt,

| | |from Nyangdeng to near Fanyang,

| | |saving a big round by the river. A

| | |track also exists from Fanyang to

| | |Wigin in a direct line, but was

| | |reported to be still choked with

| | |grass (3rd March, 1904).

| | |

Malwal | 3¾ | 285¾ |Track leaves river within sight of

| | |Malwal, then runs through long

| | |grass to near Fedwil, then along

| | |edge of khor and through bush to

| | |

Wigin | 4⅛ | 289⅞ |Small village 20 yards back from

| | |river, with deep swamp between

| | |village and bank (dry marsh), 2

| | |poor shade trees in village. Track

| | |gets on to river bank at 291st

| | |mile.

| | |

| 1⅛ | 291 |Good shade trees and thick bush;

| | |thick forest right bank ½ mile

| | |inland; end of Nuer country,

| | |though all along from Nasser the

| | |country is populated with Nuers

| | |and Anuaks mixed, Nuers

| | |predominating and letting Anuaks

| | |live on suffrance. From here

| | |onwards path is through bush to

| | |

Shwai | 1 | 292 |Long scattered Anuak village.

| | |

Fatiwanyang | 4 | 296 |In thick bush. From here to

| | |Yakwoik broad swamp between bush

| | |and river. Track in dry season

| | |runs over swamp.

| | |

| 2⅝ | 298⅝ |Khor with 2 feet water; several

| | |other khors to cross, marching

| | |along this swamp.

| | |

Yakwoik | 3 | 301⅝ |Anuak village on river bank. No

| | |bush, only grass plain round

| | |village.

| | |

| 1½ | 303⅛ |Junction of road that cuts across

| | |to Gnok with river track. Good

| | |meshra at junction; thick bush

| | |left. Bush and few trees right.

| | |One mile inland. From here track

| | |cuts across country to a debba on

Debba Dishin | 13 | 316⅛ |the river (Debba Dishin), where

| | |Yuzb. Abdel Rahim Eff. Nur El

| | |Gawab was buried in 1902, having

| | |died on the way to Nasser. From

| | |here track follows river, crossing

| | |two khors.

| | |

Abwong[45] | 6⅝ | 322¾ |A very big and important khor

| | |flows into the Sobat at Abwong,

| | |called Wangnait; this runs inland

| | |past Fanathiang, and is said to

| | |join khor Filus at Nerol. Two feet

| | |of water in Wangnait (March,

| | |1904), and running water. Abwong

| | |on sandy ground, good meshra;

| | |upstream limit of Dinka country.

| | |Serut flies were very bad, all

| | |through the thick bush country

| | |from Fauwel to Yakwoik.

--------------+-------------+------+----------------------------------

139.—GONDOKORO TO UGANDA (AND MOMBASA).

(_Compiled by the Editor._)

* * * * *

_Gondokoro and neighbourhood._ (_Vide_ also end of Chapter II in

Vol. I.)

BY CAPTAIN DUGMORE, 1901.

[Sidenote: Country.]

Near Gondokoro the country is perfectly flat and 30 feet above the

river, covered with borassus palm near the station, sidr, sunt,

and a few tamarinds and sycamore. Due E. lie the hills of Belinian

(about 11 hours’ march). The surface soil is sandy and the sub-soil

clay. There are many very fertile islands in the Nile covered with

cane-like reed, very like papyrus. Natives prefer to live on and

cultivate these islands, as they are not subject to white ants,

grasshoppers, caterpillars, and blight, with all of which cultivation

has to contend on the mainland. Flocks of small birds do great damage

to grain crops. At high Nile these islands are subject to inundation;

the natives then go over to the mainland.

The station now occupied at Gondokoro occupies the site of the old

Egyptian post—a good many of the old trenches and parapets still

exist. The old buildings, &c., have long ago fallen into the river,

which is said to be twice (?) as wide now as it was in Baker’s

time. Baker’s old camp (“Ismailia”) is in a swampy, low-lying

piece of ground, about 2 miles N. of the old Egyptian station. Two

date palms, 11 lemon trees, and two custard apple trees, still remain

at Gondokoro.

Rain percolating and the river washing away cause continual falls of

the bank.

[Sidenote: Garrison.]

One company of Uganda Rifles (Sudanese), under a British Captain,

Lieutenant, and Sergeant-Instructor. A small number of Police or

Constabulary have been added, and are under the control of the Civil

Authority, viz.: a Collector.

[Sidenote: Supplies.]

At present nearly all stores, ammunition, and clothing, come from

Mombasa, India, and England, _viâ_ Kampala. Food is obtained by

purchase from the natives.[46]

Natives grow red dura and maize chiefly, also a small amount of semsem,

telabun, ful (ground nut), and lubia (small pea or bean). The ground

nut does particularly well in the sandy soil. The sweet potato requires

irrigation, and the natives do not take kindly to such laborious work.

[Sidenote: Climate.]

The climate is fairly good, the rainy season at its commencement

being the worst time of the year. Temperature:—

Average maximum during the hot months is 99° in the shade.

„ minimum „ „ 85° „

„ maximum during the rest of the year is 88° in the shade.

„ minimum „ „ 74° „

[Sidenote: Seasons.]

Hot weather commences middle of November and lasts till end of

March. Rains commence (or should do so) last week in March and last

till middle of June, they commence again middle of July and last till

middle of October.

The rains are erratic, there being sometimes a drought and sometimes

too much rain.

[Sidenote: Products.]

Dura, maize, semsem, ground nuts, beans, and fish. A small quantity

of ivory. Salt from the left bank. Ostrich feathers from the

Latuka. (N.B.—According to recent game regulations, it is forbidden

to buy feathers unless it can be shown that they were pulled from a

tame bird.)

[Sidenote: Cattle.]

In the Nile province generally, the goats and sheep are small

(much smaller than those of the Sudan), and have little to recommend

them. The cattle (the few that are left) are also small, but are good

milkers on the whole.

[Sidenote: Game.]

Elephant, hippopotami and rhinoceros plentiful, especially the two

former, a few zebras and giraffe, hartebeeste (? Jackson’s),

waterbuck, bush buck, cobus Thomasi (Uganda cob), and dig-dig

abound. Buffalo and warthog may be met with. Lion, leopard, and wild

cat are fairly plentiful. (N.B.—During the dry weather months the

game is found near the river in quantities; when the grass is high and

there is water inland, it is not so easy to see much). Guinea fowl,

greater and lesser bustard, quail snipe, ducks, geese, and other

waterfowl and partridges are nearly always to be shot.

(_a._)—GONDOKORO TO WADELAI.

BY CAPTAIN DUGMORE, 1901.

--------------+--------------------+----------------------------------

| Miles. |

Place. +-------------+------+ Description.

|Intermediate.|Total.|

--------------+-------------+------+----------------------------------

Gondokoro | — | — |A good road, though apt to be

| | |swampy in the rains.

| | |

River Kit | 12 | 12 |Cross River Kit; a sandy river

| | |about 180 yards wide, which is

| | |easily crossed except after very

| | |heavy rain (it subsides quickly).

| | |On the E. Lokoya’s chain of hills,

| | |about 11 hours march; greatest

| | |height about 1,500 feet. Road

| | |through dense thorn scrub, sidr

| | |very plentiful. Soil changes after

| | |passing Kit to a clayey formation

| | |in places, and stones and rocky

| | |kopjes become abundant. A rose

| | |quartz, very similar to the

| | |Rhodesian gold-bearing quartz in

| | |appearance, is plentiful. Most of

| | |the kopjes appear to be of

| | |volcanic origin. Ground rises in

| | |undulating folds from the Kit to

| | |opposite Dufile.

| | |

Fort Berkeley | 10 | 22 |From Fort Berkeley (=

| | |Bedden—abandoned), two roads lead

| | |S., one inland on the high ground

| | |for use during the wet season.

| | |

Adam Madi | 8 | 30 |The river road follows the river

| | |as far as Adam Madi’s,[47] and is

| | |used when no water is obtainable

| | |on upper road. Fine scenery, very

| | |rocky ground, sandy; plentiful

| | |remains of old Bari villages. Near

| | |Adam Madi’s-beautiful park-like

| | |country, with very large timbers,

| | |both tamarind and (?) sycamore.

| | |Country now becomes more hilly and

| | |is more thickly populated.

| | |

| | |The Khor Um or Uma is the real

| | |southern boundary of the Bari

| | |tribe, but the district is

| | |supposed to extend to the

| | |

Khor Assua | 69 | 99 |Khor Assua (mouth 94 miles from

| | |Gondokoro measured along the

| | |river) and, consequently, includes

| | |a few villages of Madi and Shuli

| | |tribes.

| | |

| | |The road used to go some little

| | |way from the river to Affuddu (a

| | |few miles S. of Nimule, now

| | |abandoned), but since the

| | |occupation of Nimule, the road

| | |from Adam Madi’s almost follows

| | |the course of the river, which

| | |flows through high, almost

| | |precipitous banks.

| | |

Nimule | 17 | 116 |Garrison at Nimule, two companies

| | |of Sudanese (124 strong each), and

| | |the same number of British

| | |officers each as at Gondokoro. Is

| | |headquarters of Nile military

| | |district, situated on N. bank of

| | |Unyama river at its junction with

| | |the Nile. Between Nimule and

| | |Wadelai the road is good.

| | |

| | |Lamogi, in the Shuli country, 16

| | |miles W. of Fatiko, and 50 miles

| | |S.S.E. of Nimule, is now

| | |abandoned; rains about 9 months in

| | |the year.

| | |

Wadelai | 77 | 193 |Wadelai, on the right bank, is the

| | |head-quarters of the Nile Province

| | |Civil Administration, some police

| | |or constabulary are posted here.

| | |River only 200 yards wide here.

| | |There is a road from here to Fajao

| | |(Murchison Falls), 46 miles, not

| | |used now.

| | |

| | |As one goes S., the climate

| | |generally becomes cooler than at

| | |Gondokoro. It should also be

| | |healthier, but there has been a

| | |lot of sickness among the British

| | |officers in the past, perhaps due

| | |to bad quarters. Country S. of

| | |Khor Assua is more fertile and

| | |much more thickly populated than

| | |the Bari district.

--------------+-------------+------+----------------------------------

NOTE.—See also report by Mr. F. Pordage, Public Works Department,

Uganda, in Uganda Intelligence Report, No. 15; and Handbook of Uganda,

pp. 52-57.

(_b._)—GONDOKORO TO WADELAI.[48]

---------+----------------------------+--------------------------------

| Miles and Hours.[49] |

+----------------------------+

Place. |Intermediate. | Total. | Description.

+------+-------+------+------+

|Miles.| Hours.|Miles.|Hours.|

---------+------+-------+------+------+--------------------------------

Gondokoro| — | — | — | — |Path good.

| | | | |

Laung | 11 | 3½ | 11 | 3½ |Path good, river Gomoro (Kit) is

| | | | |at times bad to cross.

| | | | |

Camp | 13 | 4½ | 24 | 8 |Path good.

| | | | |

Camp | 15 | 5 | 39 | 13 |Path good.

| | | | |

Fagiri | 12 | 4 | 51 | 17 |Path good; rocky in places.

| | | | |Large village; considerable

| | | | |supplies of food.

| | | | |

Keri | 13 | 5 | 64 | 22 |Path bad for 2 miles, remainder

| | | | |good.

| | | | |

Arabu | 16 | 5½ | 80 | 27½ |Path very bad.

| | | | |

Junction | 13 | 4½ | 93 | 32 |Path bad. River Assua difficult

Camp | | | | |to cross. When in flood about 80

| | | | |yards wide and 14 feet deep,

| | | | |with a swift current; when not

| | | | |in flood the river is fordable.

| | | | |Crossing is at all times

| | | | |dangerous on account of the

| | | | |numerous crocodiles.

| | | | |

Nimule | 14 | 4½ | 107 | 36½ |Path good. River Unyama at times

| | | | |bad to cross.

| | | | |

Zaipi | 18 | 4 | 125 | 40½ |Path good.

| | | | |

Boreli | 10 | 4 | 135 | 44½ |Path good.

| | | | |

Acho | 16 | 5½ | 151 | 50 |Path good. River Zoka at times

| | | | |bad to cross.

| | | | |

Pranga | 16 | 6 | 167 | 56 |Path good.

| | | | |

Avoi | 13 | 4 | 180 | 60 |Path good. River Chorr is at

| | | | |times bad to cross.

| | | | |

Wadelai | 19 | 6 | 199 | 66 |

---------+------+-------+------+------+--------------------------------

NOTE.—A small supply of food can usually be supplied at each of

the above camps, with the exception of the Junction Camp. Water is

obtainable at all camps. At many places fish can be bought. Trade goods

are brass, wire, small white beads, candles, matches, bottles, and some

cloth. Tarbushes are much appreciated by the chiefs. Hippo. abound

in the Nile, and elephants between Nimule and Gondokoro. Lions are

seen occasionally.

See also reports by Col. Coles, D.S.O., “Nimule to Gondokoro,

and Gondokoro to Nimule,” in Uganda Intelligence Report, No. 19.

The following short account of the country between Nimule and Gondokoro

is given by Sir C. Eliot (July, 1902), from _Geographical Journal_,

December, 1902:—

“Immediately after Nimule begin the rapids, which render the river

unnavigable up to Bedden, about 30 miles above Gondokoro. This

latter station and Nimule are connected by two roads, neither of

them good. One keeps close to the Nile, and was impracticable when I

made the journey, as it was under water owing to recent rains;[50]

the other runs further inland. It cannot be said to offer adequate

means for communicating between two Government stations, or for the

transport of any sort of goods. For a great part of its course is

obstructed by marshes, thorn bushes, or grass 6 feet high; but here

and there it passes through pleasant open meadows, studded with large

trees. Part of it consists of precipitous paths cut in the rock, and

it is crossed by many rivers, at least three of which, the Assua,

the Karpata (?), and the Kit (or Kiti), present serious obstacles

to foot passengers when in flood, as I found them. The first is

crossed on rafts made of ambach, a very light wood. The natives

show considerable skill in guiding these rafts across the torrent,

but the passenger or load is generally half submerged. The two other

rivers have to be crossed by wading, and are about 4 feet deep. The

Kit was about 150 yards wide. The whole journey took me 7 days, that

is to say, 6 night camps. The distance is between 110 and 120 miles.”

THROUGH COMMUNICATIONS WITH MOMBASA.

(COMPILED FROM OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS, &c.)

Plenty of notice must be given by the intending traveller, in order

to secure the use of porters, boats, mules, and carts.

[Sidenote: Nimule to Butiaba.]

From Nimule onwards the traveller can generally make use of Government

boats. Between Nimule and Wadelai ([51]93 miles) the usual craft is a

small steel rowing boat, and from Wadelai to Butiaba ([51]72 miles),

(the Uganda Government Depôt on the E. shore of Lake Albert), a large

steel boat which goes best under sail. The usual time occupied between

Nimule and Butiaba is 10 to 12 days up stream, and 5 to 8 days down

stream. A steam launch will shortly be placed on the river between

these points.

[Sidenote: Butiaba to Kampala.]

At Butiaba is a pier and landing stage. From Butiaba _viâ_ Hoima

to Kampala, 157 miles (telegraph), the road is fairly suitable for

driving. The distance has been done in 4½ days, but the usual time

taken is 8 days (driving) to 12 days (marching, with porters). The

Stages are:—

MILES.

1. Wachi 6

2. Kajura 9

3. Hoima[52] 13

4. Kigonna 10

5. Kikonda 8½

6. Yilo 17

7. Kigoma[53] 9

8. Kiboga 5½

9. Kisingo 9½

10. Kative 15½

11. Kabula Mnbiro 9

12. Nkvanuna 11

13. Kikandwa 13½

14. Kisimbiri 11

15. Kampala 9½

Most of the main roads pass through Kampala.

[Sidenote: Kampala to Entebbe.]

From Kampala to Entebbe, the capital, situated on the Victoria Nyanza,

is 23 miles along a good cart road.

[Sidenote: Entebbe to Port Florence.]

From Entebbe there is a fortnightly steamer across the lake to Kisumu,

or Port Florence, the terminus of the railway to Mombasa. The crossing

takes 2 to 3 days per steamer, and up to 10 or 15 days by sailing dhow.

[Sidenote: Port Florence to Mombasa.]

From Port Florence to Mombasa there is a weekly train (or more)—fare,

109½ rupees; the distance, 584 miles, is traversed in about 2¼ days.

There is a monthly service from Mombasa, both by British India and

by German steamers.

RECAPITULATION.

-------------------------+---------+------------------------

Journey. | Days. | Transport.

-------------------------+---------+------------------------

Gondokoro to Nimule | 7 to 8 |March on foot. Carriers.

| |

Nimule to Wadelai | 6 | „ „

| |

„ „ | 6 to 8 |Row-boat.

| |

Wadelai to Butiaba | 4 to 6 |Sailing boat.

| |

„ „ | 3 |Steam launch.

| |

Butiaba to Kampala | 4 to 8 |Mule cart.

| |

„ „ |10 to 12 |March. Carriers.

| |

Kampala to Entebbe | 1 |Mule cart.

| |

„ „ | 2 |March. Carriers.

| |

Entebbe to Port Florence | 2 to 3 |Steamer.

| |

„ „ „ | 8 to 15 |Sailing boat.

| |

Port Florence to Mombasa | 2½ |Train.

-------------------------+---------+------------------------

Record possible, Gondokoro to Mombasa: 25½ days.

140.—ROADS IN THE LADO ENCLAVE.

[Sidenote: Roads.]

A road runs from Kiro to Rejaf direct, at some distance from the

river bank, with a branch road to Lado.

The road from Rejaf as far as Faraji—170 miles to the S.W.—is

about the same width as a good English high road. It has many bridges

over streams, small khors, &c. They are made of wood and are not at

all strong. There is a project to run automobiles[54] over this road,

but the bridges are not at present (June, 1903) strong enough. One

automobile will probably run between Rejaf and Yei station (94 miles),

and another from Yei to Dongu (62 miles), as there is no bridge over

the Yei. The Yei and Dongu are 40 to 60 yards broad and very deep

during the rains.

There are some parts of the road which are worse than others, and it

is proposed to have small stations at which bullocks will be kept in

order to pull the automobiles over them.

There are rest-house stations every two or three hours the whole way

from Rejaf to Dongu and Ibembo (_v._ below). At each of these stations

there are houses for Europeans, and at a great number of them bananas,

pawpaws, fowls, eggs, &c., are now obtainable.

Vegetables, bananas, &c., are being planted at all the stations.

Each station is in charge of one or more soldiers.

[Sidenote: Loka or Loki.]

Loka (called also Gumbiri).—Four days (62 miles) from Rejaf. A white

officer in charge, and one or two N.C.O.’s. Surrounded by a wooden

stockade. About six good brick buildings with grass roofs.

[Sidenote: Yei.]

Yei.—Close to the Nile-Congo watershed. Two days (37 miles)

from Gumbiri. Large fortified station, but not yet completed,

situated on high ground, from which good view of the surrounding

country is obtained. A far larger station than Lado. About ten

white officers and a doctor. None of the Belgian Nile stations in

any way compare with this one. All white men’s houses are outside

the fortifications. About 12 good brick buildings with grass roofs;

very healthy.

[Sidenote: Aba.]

Aba.—Three days (32 miles) from Yei. Wooden stockade. Four brick

houses and a large one being built for the Commandant. The latter

outside stockade. One white officer and one N.C.O.

[Sidenote: Faraji.]

Faraji.—Four days (38 miles) from Aba, on left bank of River

Dongu. Brick wall about 6 feet high. Ditch outside; earth from ditch

thrown up against the wall. Good brick buildings. Three white officers.

[Sidenote: Dongu, &c.]

Dongu.—Five or six days from Faraji; at junction of Rivers Dongu

and Kibali. Brick buildings.

Stations beyond Dongu, towards the Congo, on the automobile road,

are:—

Niangara.

Surunga.

Amadi.

Bomokandi.

Mbima.

Buta.

Ibembo.

A road also leads from Mbima to Jabbir and Gembele.

[Sidenote: Bofaki.]

Bofaki, or Wando.—Important post, and garrison. Healthy. Large

rubber and coffee plantations.

[Sidenote: Rejaf.]

Rejaf: on the Nile.—Small post. Bullock carts take 20 days along

the sandy road from Yei; usual time 7 days by march route.

[Sidenote: Dufile.]

Dufile.—Small post. There is a railway-track ready made from here

to Stanleyville on the Congo; not ready for traffic yet.

At all the posts mentioned there are cattle, fowls, bananas,

vegetables, &c.

Mails leave Lado for Ibembo on the 1st and 15th of every month.

From Rejaf a road is being made to New Dufile, thence to Mahaji. This

road is joined at Kaji Kaji, about 60 miles S. of Rejaf, by a road

from Loka.

From Yei a road runs down the Yei River to Amadi.

* * * * *

LONDON: PRINTED FOR HIS MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE, BY HARRISON

AND SONS, ST. MARTIN’S LANE.

[Footnote 36: The position of this, described by Lieut.-Col. Colvile,

is doubtful. Some Arabs state that Shebba is 8 hours’ march E. of

Terfawi (?).]

[Footnote 37: Lieutenant Stuart-Wortley makes Selima to Lagia 140

miles; Captain Hodgson makes it 148, but left the regular track.]

[Footnote 38: Captain Hodgson did it (February, 1903) in under 5 days,

including 42½ hours actual riding—nearly 4 miles per hour.]

[Footnote 39: Though Bir Sultan to J. Meidob appears to be the shortest

route, the route to J. Anka is stated to be the one generally used.]

[Footnote 40: Conditions may have changed for the better since the

delimitation of the Sudan-Eritrea frontier.]

[Footnote 41: For continuation of this route to Sofi on Atbara, _vide_

Route 13.]

[Footnote 42: For more recent report Lake Tsana to Gallabat _vide_

Routes 126 and 127.]

[Footnote 43: About 7 miles S. of J. Jerok.]

[Footnote 44: About 7 miles S. of J. Jerok.]

[Footnote 45: About 64 miles from Kodok, _vide_ routes 47 and 48.]

[Footnote 46: Cows, £5 to £7; oxen and bulls, £2 to £4; sheep

and goats, 5s. to 10s. each; eggs, 8 for 1s.; fowls, 6d.; labourer,

10s. a month. (Mr. F. Spire, Collector, Gondokoro, August, 1903.)]

[Footnote 47: Another account places Adam Madi’s at 42 miles from

Gondokoro, and some distance inland.]

[Footnote 48: Taken from “Précis of Information concerning the

Uganda Protectorate.”—I.D.W.O.]

[Footnote 49: Distances by time for men travelling light; 25% to be

added for Caravans.]

[Footnote 50: I am told by Mr. Pordage that the halting places on

this road are as follows:—“(1) Assua river, 11¼ miles; (2)

Rake village, 11 miles; (3) Mruli, 12 miles; (4) Lokoya, 12½ miles;

(5) Tambur, 12¼ miles; (6) Kogi, 9¾ miles; (7) Nagua, 10 miles;

(8) Fort Berkeley, 12 miles; (9) Ibrahim’s village, 12 miles;

(10) Gondokoro, 10 miles.” (Total, 112¾ miles.)]

[Footnote 51: By water.]

[Footnote 52: Government Station.]

[Footnote 53: Rest house.]

[Footnote 54: They now (1904) run over a section of the road between

Rejaf and Yei.]

[Illustration: THE ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN]

Transcriber's note:

pg 6 Changed "Rock grouse aud doves" to: "and"

pg 11 Changed "Hormaneb Well" and "Bir Hormaneb" to: "Hormareb"

pg 20 Changed "and than a N.N.E. direction" to: "then"

pg 36 Changed "and Wada Sangareh" to: "Wadi"

pg 42 Changed "kittr, laot, talh and saut" to: "sant"

pg 44 Changed "Debaina village and residence" to: "Debania"

pg 61 Changed "popula-lation about 1,000" to: "population"

pg 69 Changed "Selim and Dar Agil Haggaras" to: "Baggaras"

pg 72 Changed "Water suppy scanty" to: "supply"

pg 72 Changed "J. Kumuk is left to the W." to: "Kurmuk"

pg 76 Changed "few Baggara “rakukas.”" to: "rakubas"

pg 83 Changed "khor is of greater dinensions" to: "dimensions"

pg 97 Changed "right bank of tae river Ba" to: "the"

pg 102 Changed "runs close under this hilll" to: "hill"

pg 119 Changed "Um Sedeika (Rest house)" to: "Sedeira"

pg 120 Changed "This is a Kurtan villlage" to: "village"

pg 126 Changed "passing Village Eilatun" to: "Eilafun"

pg 126 Changed "mosquitoes and sand fles" to: "flies"

pg 141 Changed "cross an open pleateau" to: "plateau"

pg 142 Changed "buidings on J. Sukunja" to: "buildings"

pg 145 Changed "25 to 30 feet drip" to: "deep"

pg 146 Changed "Beni Fadi village named Shallo" to: "Fadl"

pg 152 Changed "the hills crowne with many Nuba" to: "crowned"

pg 162 Changed "and poor water upply" to: "supply"

pg 167 Changed "probaby 100 years old" to: "probably"

pg 172 Changed "low hills on on right" to: "low hills on right"

pg 186 Changed "I flows out near Ambukol" to: "It flows out"

pg 187 Changed "Bayuda Weels" [Above J. Hawashawi] to: "Bayuda Wells"

pg 196 Changed "no detailed imformation" to: "information"

pg 198 Changed "reaching Azleklesan" to: "Azteklesan"

pg 216 Changed "Kkor Damu, 20 yards wide" to: "Khor"

pg 219 Changed "Bad here full of rocks" to: "Bed"

pg 220 "Khor Gulbis" and its corresponding Miles moved up one row

from "At 2 miles from [. . .]" to "Ten yards wide [. . .]".

pg 220 Changed "¼ mile before crosing khor" to: "crossing"

pg 221 Changed "good obtained in hkor" to: "khor"

pg 222 Changed "in tukls on the hilll" to: "hill"

pg 229-231 Several instances of ²⁄₈, ⁴⁄₈ and ⁶⁄₈ were changed

to ¼, ½ and ¾ respectively.

pg 229 Changed "Bato fordable here" to: "Baro"

pg 229 Changed "R. Baitick" to: "Baitiok"

pg 230 Changed "however they they will not be" to: "however

they will not be"

Minor changes in punctuation have been done silently.

Other spelling inconsistencies have been left unchanged.