22 years of age
Albania:
19 years of age
Algeria:
19 years of age
Angola:
18 years of age
Argentina:
20 years of age
Armenia:
18 years of age
Australia:
17 years of age
Austria:
19 years of age
Azerbaijan:
18 years of age
Bahrain:
15 years of age
Belarus:
18 years of age
Belgium:
19 years of age
Belize:
18 years of age
Benin:
18 years of age
Bhutan:
18 years of age
Bolivia:
19 years of age
Bosnia and Herzegovina:
19 years of age
Botswana:
18 years of age
Brazil:
18 years of age
Brunei:
18 years of age
Bulgaria:
19 years of age
Burma:
18 years of age
Burundi:
16 years of age
Cambodia:
18 years of age
Cameroon:
18 years of age
Canada:
17 years of age
Chad:
20 years of age
Chile:
19 years of age
China:
18 years of age
Colombia:
18 years of age
Congo, Republic of the:
20 years of age
Costa Rica:
18 years of age
Cote d'Ivoire:
18 years of age
Croatia:
19 years of age
Cuba:
17 years of age
Cyprus:
18 years of age
Czech Republic:
18 years of age
Denmark:
18 years of age
Dominican Republic:
18 years of age
Ecuador:
20 years of age
Egypt:
20 years of age
El Salvador:
18 years of age
Estonia:
18 years of age
Ethiopia:
18 years of age
Fiji:
18 years of age
Finland:
17 years of age
France:
18 years of age
Gabon:
20 years of age
Georgia:
18 years of age
Germany:
18 years of age
Ghana:
18 years of age
Greece:
21 years of age
Guatemala:
18 years of age
Haiti:
18 years of age
Honduras:
18 years of age
Hong Kong:
18 years of age
Hungary:
18 years of age
India:
17 years of age
Indonesia:
18 years of age
Iran:
21 years of age
Iraq:
18 years of age
Ireland:
17 years of age
Israel:
18 years of age
Italy:
18 years of age
Jamaica:
18 years of age
Japan:
18 years of age
Jordan:
18 years of age
Kazakhstan:
18 years of age
Korea, North:
18 years of age
Korea, South:
18 years of age
Kuwait:
18 years of age
Kyrgyzstan:
18 years of age
Laos:
18 years of age
Latvia:
18 years of age
Libya:
17 years of age
Lithuania:
18 years of age
Luxembourg:
19 years of age
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
19 years of age
Madagascar:
20 years of age
Malaysia:
21 years of age
Mexico:
18 years of age
note: starting in 2000, females will be allowed to volunteer for
military service
Moldova:
18 years of age
Mongolia:
18 years of age
Morocco:
18 years of age
Nepal:
17 years of age
Netherlands:
20 years of age
Netherlands Antilles:
20 years of age
New Zealand:
20 years of age
Nicaragua:
18 years of age
Niger:
18 years of age
Nigeria:
18 years of age
Norway:
20 years of age
Oman:
14 years of age
Pakistan:
17 years of age
Paraguay:
17 years of age
Peru:
20 years of age
Philippines:
20 years of age
Poland:
19 years of age
Portugal:
20 years of age
Qatar:
18 years of age
Reunion:
18 years of age
Romania:
20 years of age
Russia:
18 years of age
Saudi Arabia:
17 years of age
Senegal:
18 years of age
Slovakia:
18 years of age
Slovenia:
19 years of age
South Africa:
18 years of age
Spain:
20 years of age
Sri Lanka:
18 years of age
Sudan:
18 years of age
Sweden:
19 years of age
Switzerland:
20 years of age
Syria:
19 years of age
Tajikistan:
18 years of age
Thailand:
18 years of age
Tunisia:
20 years of age
Turkey:
20 years of age
Turkmenistan:
18 years of age
Ukraine:
18 years of age
United Arab Emirates:
18 years of age
United States:
18 years of age
Uzbekistan:
18 years of age
Venezuela:
18 years of age
Vietnam:
17 years of age
Yemen:
14 years of age
Yugoslavia:
19 years of age
Taiwan:
19 years of age
======================================================================
@Military manpower - reaching military
Military manpower - reaching military age annually
Country profile category: Military
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V Y
Afghanistan:
males: 252,869 (2001 est.)
Albania:
males: 35,792 (2001 est.)
Algeria:
males: 388,939 (2001 est.)
Angola:
males: 103,807 (2001 est.)
Argentina:
males: 335,085 (2001 est.)
Armenia:
males: 34,998 (2001 est.)
Australia:
males: 138,971 (2001 est.)
Austria:
males: 50,580 (2001 est.)
Azerbaijan:
males: 77,099 (2001 est.)
Bahrain:
males: 5,926 (2001 est.)
Belarus:
males: 86,396 (2001 est.)
Belgium:
males: 63,247 (2001 est.)
Belize:
males: 2,847 (2001 est.)
Benin:
males: 70,088
females: 73,618 (2001 est.)
Bhutan:
males: 21,167 (2001 est.)
Bolivia:
males: 90,120 (2001 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina:
males: 29,757 (2001 est.)
Botswana:
males: 19,479 (2001 est.)
Brazil:
males: 1,762,740 (2001 est.)
Brunei:
males: 3,005 (2001 est.)
Bulgaria:
males: 56,104 (2001 est.)
Burma:
males: 470,667
females: 479,691 (2001 est.)
Burundi:
males: 79,360 (2001 est.)
Cambodia:
males: 162,643 (2001 est.)
Cameroon:
males: 174,308 (2001 est.)
Canada:
males: 215,627 (2001 est.)
Chad:
males: 82,003 (2001 est.)
Chile:
males: 136,830 (2001 est.)
China:
males: 10,089,458 (2001 est.)
Colombia:
males: 379,295 (2001 est.)
Congo, Republic of the:
males: 32,350 (2001 est.)
Costa Rica:
males: 39,411 (2001 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire:
males: 188,411 (2001 est.)
Croatia:
males: 30,037 (2001 est.)
Cuba:
males: 79,562
females: 85,650 (2001 est.)
Cyprus:
males: 6,616 (2001 est.)
Czech Republic:
males: 69,393 (2001 est.)
Denmark:
males: 29,212 (2001 est.)
Dominican Republic:
males: 87,404 (2001 est.)
Ecuador:
males: 132,978 (2001 est.)
Egypt:
males: 712,983 (2001 est.)
El Salvador:
males: 68,103 (2001 est.)
Estonia:
males: 11,164 (2001 est.)
Ethiopia:
males: 703,625 (2001 est.)
Fiji:
males: 9,471 (2001 est.)
Finland:
males: 33,883 (2001 est.)
France:
males: 390,064 (2001 est.)
Gabon:
males: 11,304 (2001 est.)
Georgia:
males: 41,561 (2001 est.)
Germany:
males: 482,318 (2001 est.)
Ghana:
males: 213,237 (2001 est.)
Greece:
males: 77,976 (2001 est.)
Guatemala:
males: 140,358 (2001 est.)
Haiti:
males: 87,049 (2001 est.)
Honduras:
males: 72,335 (2001 est.)
Hong Kong:
males: 47,139 (2001 est.)
Hungary:
males: 64,121 (2001 est.)
India:
males: 10,879,384 (2001 est.)
Indonesia:
males: 2,263,706 (2001 est.)
Iran:
males: 823,040 (2001 est.)
Iraq:
males: 274,035 (2001 est.)
Ireland:
males: 32,287 (2001 est.)
Israel:
males: 49,206
females: 53,379 (2001 est.)
Italy:
males: 304,369 (2001 est.)
Jamaica:
males: 27,729 (2001 est.)
Japan:
males: 765,817 (2001 est.)
Jordan:
males: 57,131 (2001 est.)
Kazakhstan:
males: 163,628 (2001 est.)
Korea, North:
males: 179,136 (2001 est.)
Korea, South:
males: 394,397 (2001 est.)
Kuwait:
males: 18,309 (2001 est.)
Kyrgyzstan:
males: 50,590 (2001 est.)
Laos:
males: 64,437 (2001 est.)
Latvia:
males: 19,114 (2001 est.)
Libya:
males: 61,694 (2001 est.)
Lithuania:
males: 28,506 (2001 est.)
Luxembourg:
males: 2,565 (2001 est.)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
males: 17,905 (2001
est.)
Madagascar:
males: 153,856 (2001 est.)
Malaysia:
males: 196,042 (2001 est.)
Mexico:
males: 1,077,536 (2001 est.)
Moldova:
males: 42,268 (2001 est.)
Mongolia:
males: 30,230 (2001 est.)
Morocco:
males: 348,380 (2001 est.)
Nepal:
males: 292,589 (2001 est.)
Netherlands:
males: 96,082 (2001 est.)
Netherlands Antilles:
males: 1,610 (2001 est.)
New Zealand:
males: 26,480 (2001 est.)
Nicaragua:
males: 58,232 (2001 est.)
Niger:
males: 108,993 (2001 est.)
Nigeria:
males: 1,375,112 (2001 est.)
Norway:
males: 27,341 (2001 est.)
Oman:
males: 26,469 (2001 est.)
Pakistan:
males: 1,657,723 (2001 est.)
Paraguay:
males: 58,359 (2001 est.)
Peru:
males: 276,458 (2001 est.)
Philippines:
males: 848,181 (2001 est.)
Poland:
males: 344,781 (2001 est.)
Portugal:
males: 71,404 (2001 est.)
Qatar:
males: 6,797 (2001 est.)
Reunion:
males: 6,243 (2001 est.)
Romania:
males: 179,951 (2001 est.)
Russia:
males: 1,242,778 (2001 est.)
Saudi Arabia:
males: 233,402 (2001 est.)
Senegal:
males: 114,189 (2001 est.)
Slovakia:
males: 45,502 (2001 est.)
Slovenia:
males: 14,513 (2001 est.)
South Africa:
males: 466,399 (2001 est.)
Spain:
males: 281,043 (2001 est.)
Sri Lanka:
males: 193,522 (2001 est.)
Sudan:
males: 398,294 (2001 est.)
Sweden:
males: 51,506 (2001 est.)
Switzerland:
males: 42,597 (2001 est.)
Syria:
males: 200,859 (2001 est.)
Tajikistan:
males: 72,056 (2001 est.)
Thailand:
males: 567,659 (2001 est.)
Tunisia:
males: 105,146 (2001 est.)
Turkey:
males: 674,805 (2001 est.)
Turkmenistan:
males: 48,292 (2001 est.)
Ukraine:
males: 390,823 (2001 est.)
United Arab Emirates:
males: 25,482 (2001 est.)
United States:
males: 2,039,414 (2001 est.)
Uzbekistan:
males: 274,602 (2001 est.)
Venezuela:
males: 246,185 (2001 est.)
Vietnam:
males: 961,124 (2001 est.)
Yemen:
males: 238,690 (2001 est.)
Yugoslavia:
males: 82,542 (2001 est.)
Taiwan:
males: 198,766 (2001 est.)
======================================================================
@National holiday
Afghanistan:
Independence Day, 19 August (1919)
Albania:
Independence Day, 28 November (1912)
Algeria:
Revolution Day, 1 November (1954)
American Samoa:
Flag Day, 17 April (1900)
Andorra:
Our Lady of Meritxell Day, 8 September (1278)
Angola:
Independence Day, 11 November (1975)
Anguilla:
Anguilla Day, 30 May
Antigua and Barbuda:
Independence Day, 1 November (1981)
Argentina:
Revolution Day, 25 May (1810)
Armenia:
Independence Day, 21 September (1991)
Aruba:
Flag Day, 18 March
Australia:
Australia Day, 26 January (1788)
Austria:
National Day, 26 October (1955); note - commemorates the
passage of the law on permanent neutrality
Azerbaijan:
Founding of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaidzhan, 28
May (1918)
Bahamas, The:
Independence Day, 10 July (1973)
Bahrain:
National Day, 16 December (1971); note - 15 August 1971 is
the date of independence from the UK, 16 December 1971 is the date
of independence from British protection
Bangladesh:
Independence Day, 26 March (1971); note - 26 March 1971
is the date of independence from West Pakistan, 16 December 1971 is
Victory Day and commemorates the official creation of the state of
Bangladesh
Barbados:
Independence Day, 30 November (1966)
Belarus:
Independence Day, 3 July (1944); note - 3 July 1944 was the
date Minsk was liberated from German troops, 25 August 1991 was the
date of independence from the Soviet Union
Belgium:
Independence Day, 21 July (1831)
Belize:
Independence Day, 21 September (1981)
Benin:
National Day, 1 August (1960)
Bermuda:
Bermuda Day, 24 May
Bhutan:
National Day (Ugyen WANGCHUCK became first hereditary king),
17 December (1907)
Bolivia:
Independence Day, 6 August (1825)
Bosnia and Herzegovina:
National Day, 25 November (1943)
Botswana:
Independence Day, 30 September (1966)
Brazil:
Independence Day, 7 September (1822)
British Virgin Islands:
Territory Day, 1 July
Brunei:
National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1 January 1984 was
the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date
of independence from British protection
Bulgaria:
Liberation Day, 3 March (1878)
Burkina Faso:
Republic Day, 11 December (1958)
Burma:
Independence Day, 4 January (1948)
Burundi:
Independence Day, 1 July (1962)
Cambodia:
Independence Day, 9 November (1953)
Cameroon:
Republic Day, 20 May (1972)
Canada:
Independence Day/Canada Day, 1 July (1867)
Cape Verde:
Independence Day, 5 July (1975)
Cayman Islands:
Constitution Day, first Monday in July
Central African Republic:
Republic Day, 1 December (1958)
Chad:
Independence Day, 11 August (1960)
Chile:
Independence Day, 18 September (1810)
China:
Founding of the People's Republic of China, 1 October (1949)
Christmas Island:
NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands:
NA
Colombia:
Independence Day, 20 July (1810)
Comoros:
Independence Day, 6 July (1975)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
Independence Day, 30 June (1960)
Congo, Republic of the:
Independence Day, 15 August (1960)
Cook Islands:
Constitution Day, first Monday in August (1965)
Costa Rica:
Independence Day, 15 September (1821)
Cote d'Ivoire:
Independence Day, 7 August (1960)
Croatia:
Republic Day/Statehood Day, 30 May (1990)
Cuba:
Independence Day, 10 October (1868); note - 10 October 1868 is
the date of independence from Spain, 20 May 1902 is the date of
independence from US administration
Cyprus:
Independence Day, 1 October (1960); note - Turkish Cypriot
area celebrates 15 November (1983) as Independence Day
Czech Republic:
Czech Founding Day, 28 October (1918)
Denmark:
none designated; Constitution Day, 5 June is generally
viewed as the National Day
Djibouti:
Independence Day, 27 June (1977)
Dominica:
Independence Day, 3 November (1978)
Dominican Republic:
Independence Day, 27 February (1844)
Ecuador:
Independence Day (independence of Quito), 10 August (1809)
Egypt:
Revolution Day, 23 July (1952)
El Salvador:
Independence Day, 15 September (1821)
Equatorial Guinea:
Independence Day, 12 October (1968)
Eritrea:
Independence Day, 24 May (1993)
Estonia:
Independence Day, 24 February (1918); note - 24 February
1918 was the date of independence from Soviet Russia, 6 September
1991 was the date of independence from the Soviet Union
Ethiopia:
National Day (defeat of MENGISTU regime), 28 May (1991)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):
Liberation Day, 14 June (1982)
Faroe Islands:
Olaifest, 29 July
Fiji:
Independence Day, second Monday of October (1970)
Finland:
Independence Day, 6 December (1917)
France:
Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
French Guiana:
Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
French Polynesia:
Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Gabon:
Founding of the Gabonese Democratic Party (PDG), 12 March
(1968)
Gambia, The:
Independence Day, 18 February (1965)
Georgia:
Independence Day, 26 May (1918); note - 26 May 1918 is the
date of independence from Soviet Russia, 9 April 1991 is the date of
independence from the Soviet Union
Germany:
Unity Day, 3 October (1990)
Ghana:
Independence Day, 6 March (1957)
Gibraltar:
Commonwealth Day, second Monday of March
Greece:
Independence Day, 25 March (1821)
Greenland:
June 21 (longest day)
Grenada:
Independence Day, 7 February (1974)
Guadeloupe:
Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Guam:
Discovery Day, first Monday in March (1521)
Guatemala:
Independence Day, 15 September (1821)
Guernsey:
Liberation Day, 9 May (1945)
Guinea:
Independence Day, 2 October (1958)
Guinea-Bissau:
Independence Day, 24 September (1973)
Guyana:
Republic Day, 23 February (1970)
Haiti:
Independence Day, 1 January (1804)
Holy See (Vatican City):
Coronation Day of Pope JOHN PAUL II, 22
October (1978)
Honduras:
Independence Day, 15 September (1821)
Hong Kong:
National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's
Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 1 July 1997 is
celebrated as Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Establishment
Day
Hungary:
St. Stephen's Day, 20 August
Iceland:
Independence Day, 17 June (1944)
India:
Republic Day, 26 January (1950)
Indonesia:
Independence Day, 17 August (1945)
Iran:
Republic Day, 1 April (1979)
Iraq:
Revolution Day, 17 July (1968)
Ireland:
Saint Patrick's Day, 17 March
Israel:
Independence Day, 14 May (1948); note - Israel declared
independence on 14 May 1948, but the Jewish calendar is lunar and
the holiday may occur in April or May
Italy:
Republic Day, 2 June (1946)
Jamaica:
Independence Day, first Monday in August (1962)
Japan:
Birthday of Emperor AKIHITO, 23 December (1933)
Jersey:
Liberation Day, 9 May (1945)
Jordan:
Independence Day, 25 May (1946)
Kazakhstan:
Republic Day, 25 October (1990)
Kenya:
Independence Day, 12 December (1963)
Kiribati:
Independence Day, 12 July (1979)
Korea, North:
Founding of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea
(DPRK), 9 September (1948)
Korea, South:
Liberation Day, 15 August (1945)
Kuwait:
National Day, 25 February (1950)
Kyrgyzstan:
Independence Day, 31 August (1991)
Laos:
Republic Day, 2 December (1975)
Latvia:
Independence Day, 18 November (1918); note - 18 November
1918 is the date of independence from Soviet Russia, 18 November
1991 is the date of independence from the Soviet Union
Lebanon:
Independence Day, 22 November (1943)
Lesotho:
Independence Day, 4 October (1966)
Liberia:
Independence Day, 26 July (1847)
Libya:
Revolution Day, 1 September (1969)
Liechtenstein:
Assumption Day, 15 August
Lithuania:
Independence Day, 16 February (1918); note - 16 February
1918 is the date of independence from German, Austrian, Prussian,
and Russian occupation, 11 March 1990 is the date of independence
from the Soviet Union
Luxembourg:
National Day (Birthday of Grand Duchess Charlotte) 23
June
Macau:
National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's
Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is
celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
Uprising Day, 2 August
(1903)
Madagascar:
Independence Day, 26 June (1960)
Malawi:
Independence Day, 6 July (1964)
Malaysia:
Independence Day/Malaysia Day, 31 August (1957)
Maldives:
Independence Day, 26 July (1965)
Mali:
Independence Day, 22 September (1960)
Malta:
Independence Day, 21 September (1964)
Man, Isle of:
Tynwald Day, 5 July
Marshall Islands:
Constitution Day, 1 May (1979)
Martinique:
Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Mauritania:
Independence Day, 28 November (1960)
Mauritius:
Independence Day, 12 March (1968)
Mayotte:
Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Mexico:
Independence Day, 16 September (1810)
Micronesia, Federated States of:
Constitution Day, 10 May (1979)
Moldova:
Independence Day, 27 August (1991)
Monaco:
National Day (Prince of Monaco Holiday), 19 November
Mongolia:
Independence Day/Revolution Day, 11 July (1921)
Montserrat:
Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June
(1926)
Morocco:
Throne Day (accession of King MOHAMED VI to the throne), 30
July (1999)
Mozambique:
Independence Day, 25 June (1975)
Namibia:
Independence Day, 21 March (1990)
Nauru:
Independence Day, 31 January (1968)
Nepal:
Birthday of King GYANENDRA, 7 July (1946)
Netherlands:
Queen's Day (Birthday of Queen-Mother JULIANA in 1909
and accession to the throne of her oldest daughter BEATRIX in 1980),
30 April
Netherlands Antilles:
Queen's Day (Birthday of Queen-Mother JULIANA
in 1909 and accession to the throne of her oldest daughter BEATRIX
in 1980), 30 April
New Caledonia:
Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
New Zealand:
Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British
sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)
Nicaragua:
Independence Day, 15 September (1821)
Niger:
Republic Day, 18 December (1958)
Nigeria:
Independence Day, 1 October (1960)
Niue:
Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British
sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)
Norfolk Island:
Pitcairners Arrival Day, 8 June (1856)
Northern Mariana Islands:
Commonwealth Day, 8 January (1978)
Norway:
Constitution Day, 17 May (1814); note - 17 May 1814 is the
date of independence from Sweden, 7 June 1905 is the date Norway
declared the union with Sweden was dissolved
Oman:
Birthday of Sultan QABOOS, 18 November (1940)
Pakistan:
Republic Day, 23 March (1956)
Palau:
Constitution Day, 9 July (1979)
Panama:
Independence Day, 3 November (1903)
Papua New Guinea:
Independence Day, 16 September (1975)
Paraguay:
Independence Day, 14 May (1811)
Peru:
Independence Day, 28 July (1821)
Philippines:
Independence Day (from Spain), 12 June (1898); note -
12 June 1898 is the date of independence from Spain, 4 July 1946 is
the date of independence from the US
Pitcairn Islands:
Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in
June (1926)
Poland:
Constitution Day, 3 May (1791)
Portugal:
Portugal Day, 10 June (1580)
Puerto Rico:
US Independence Day, 4 July (1776)
Qatar:
Independence Day, 3 September (1971)
Reunion:
Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Romania:
Unification Day (of Romania and Transylvania), 1 December
(1918)
Russia:
Russia Day, 12 June (1990)
Rwanda:
Independence Day, 1 July (1962)
Saint Helena:
Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in
June (1926)
Saint Kitts and Nevis:
Independence Day, 19 September (1983)
Saint Lucia:
Independence Day, 22 February (1979)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon:
Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
Independence Day, 27 October (1979)
Samoa:
Independence Day Celebration, 1 June (1962); note - 1 January
1962 is the date of independence from the New Zealand-administered
UN trusteeship, 1 June 1962 is the date that independence is
celebrated
San Marino:
Founding of the Republic, 3 September (301)
Sao Tome and Principe:
Independence Day, 12 July (1975)
Saudi Arabia:
Unification of the Kingdom, 23 September (1932)
Senegal:
Independence Day, 4 April (1960)
Seychelles:
Constitution Day, 18 June (1993)
Sierra Leone:
Independence Day, 27 April (1961)
Singapore:
Independence Day, 9 August (1965)
Slovakia:
Constitution Day, 1 September (1992)
Slovenia:
Independence Day/Statehood Day, 25 June (1991)
Solomon Islands:
Independence Day, 7 July (1978)
Somalia:
Foundation of the Somali Republic, 1 July (1960)
South Africa:
Freedom Day, 27 April (1994)
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands:
Liberation Day, 14
June (1982)
Spain:
Hispanic Day, 12 October
Sri Lanka:
Independence Day, 4 February (1948)
Sudan:
Independence Day, 1 January (1956)
Suriname:
Independence Day, 25 November (1975)
Svalbard:
NA
Swaziland:
Independence Day, 6 September (1968)
Sweden:
Flag Day, 6 June
Switzerland:
Founding of the Swiss Confederation, 1 August (1291)
Syria:
Independence Day, 17 April (1946)
Tajikistan:
Independence Day, 9 September (1991)
Tanzania:
Union Day (Tanganyika and Zanzibar), 26 April (1964)
Thailand:
Birthday of King PHUMIPHON, 5 December (1927)
Togo:
Independence Day, 27 April (1960)
Tokelau:
Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British
sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)
Tonga:
Independence Day, 4 June (1970)
Trinidad and Tobago:
Independence Day, 31 August (1962)
Tunisia:
Independence Day, 20 March (1956)
Turkey:
Independence Day, 29 October (1923)
Turkmenistan:
Independence Day, 27 October (1991)
Turks and Caicos Islands:
Constitution Day, 30 August (1976)
Tuvalu:
Independence Day, 1 October (1978)
Uganda:
Independence Day, 9 October (1962)
Ukraine:
Independence Day, 24 August (1991)
United Arab Emirates:
Independence Day, 2 December (1971)
United Kingdom:
Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, celebrated on the
second Saturday in June (1926)
United States:
Independence Day, 4 July (1776)
Uruguay:
Independence Day, 25 August (1825)
Uzbekistan:
Independence Day, 1 September (1991)
Vanuatu:
Independence Day, 30 July (1980)
Venezuela:
Independence Day, 5 July (1811)
Vietnam:
Independence Day, 2 September (1945)
Virgin Islands:
Transfer Day (from Denmark to the US), 27 March
(1917)
Wallis and Futuna:
Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Yemen:
Unification Day, 22 May (1990)
Yugoslavia:
Republic Day, 29 November
Zambia:
Independence Day, 24 October (1964)
Zimbabwe:
Independence Day, 18 April (1980)
Taiwan:
Republic Day (Anniversary of the Chinese Revolution), 10
October (1911)
======================================================================
@Nationality
Afghanistan:
noun: Afghan(s)
adjective: Afghan
Albania:
noun: Albanian(s)
adjective: Albanian
Algeria:
noun: Algerian(s)
adjective: Algerian
American Samoa:
noun: American Samoan(s)
adjective: American Samoan
Andorra:
noun: Andorran(s)
adjective: Andorran
Angola:
noun: Angolan(s)
adjective: Angolan
Anguilla:
noun: Anguillan(s)
adjective: Anguillan
Antigua and Barbuda:
noun: Antiguan(s), Barbudan(s)
adjective: Antiguan, Barbudan
Argentina:
noun: Argentine(s)
adjective: Argentine
Armenia:
noun: Armenian(s)
adjective: Armenian
Aruba:
noun: Aruban(s)
adjective: Aruban; Dutch
Australia:
noun: Australian(s)
adjective: Australian
Austria:
noun: Austrian(s)
adjective: Austrian
Azerbaijan:
noun: Azerbaijani(s)
adjective: Azerbaijani
Bahamas, The:
noun: Bahamian(s)
adjective: Bahamian
Bahrain:
noun: Bahraini(s)
adjective: Bahraini
Bangladesh:
noun: Bangladeshi(s)
adjective: Bangladeshi
Barbados:
noun: Barbadian(s) or Bajan (colloquial)
adjective: Barbadian or Bajan (colloquial)
Belarus:
noun: Belarusian(s)
adjective: Belarusian
Belgium:
noun: Belgian(s)
adjective: Belgian
Belize:
noun: Belizean(s)
adjective: Belizean
Benin:
noun: Beninese (singular and plural)
adjective: Beninese
Bermuda:
noun: Bermudian(s)
adjective: Bermudian
Bhutan:
noun: Bhutanese (singular and plural)
adjective: Bhutanese
Bolivia:
noun: Bolivian(s)
adjective: Bolivian
Bosnia and Herzegovina:
noun: Bosnian(s), Herzegovinian(s)
adjective: Bosnian, Herzegovinian
Botswana:
noun: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)
adjective: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)
Brazil:
noun: Brazilian(s)
adjective: Brazilian
British Virgin Islands:
noun: British Virgin Islander(s)
adjective: British Virgin Islander
Brunei:
noun: Bruneian(s)
adjective: Bruneian
Bulgaria:
noun: Bulgarian(s)
adjective: Bulgarian
Burkina Faso:
noun: Burkinabe (singular and plural)
adjective: Burkinabe
Burma:
noun: Burmese (singular and plural)
adjective: Burmese
Burundi:
noun: Burundian(s)
adjective: Burundi
Cambodia:
noun: Cambodian(s)
adjective: Cambodian
Cameroon:
noun: Cameroonian(s)
adjective: Cameroonian
Canada:
noun: Canadian(s)
adjective: Canadian
Cape Verde:
noun: Cape Verdean(s)
adjective: Cape Verdean
Cayman Islands:
noun: Caymanian(s)
adjective: Caymanian
Central African Republic:
noun: Central African(s)
adjective: Central African
Chad:
noun: Chadian(s)
adjective: Chadian
Chile:
noun: Chilean(s)
adjective: Chilean
China:
noun: Chinese (singular and plural)
adjective: Chinese
Christmas Island:
noun: Christmas Islander(s)
adjective: Christmas Island
Cocos (Keeling) Islands:
noun: Cocos Islander(s)
adjective: Cocos Islander
Colombia:
noun: Colombian(s)
adjective: Colombian
Comoros:
noun: Comoran(s)
adjective: Comoran
Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
noun: Congolese (singular and
plural)
adjective: Congolese or Congo
Congo, Republic of the:
noun: Congolese (singular and plural)
adjective: Congolese or Congo
Cook Islands:
noun: Cook Islander(s)
adjective: Cook Islander
Costa Rica:
noun: Costa Rican(s)
adjective: Costa Rican
Cote d'Ivoire:
noun: Ivorian(s)
adjective: Ivorian
Croatia:
noun: Croat(s)
adjective: Croatian
Cuba:
noun: Cuban(s)
adjective: Cuban
Cyprus:
noun: Cypriot(s)
adjective: Cypriot
Czech Republic:
noun: Czech(s)
adjective: Czech
Denmark:
noun: Dane(s)
adjective: Danish
Djibouti:
noun: Djiboutian(s)
adjective: Djiboutian
Dominica:
noun: Dominican(s)
adjective: Dominican
Dominican Republic:
noun: Dominican(s)
adjective: Dominican
Ecuador:
noun: Ecuadorian(s)
adjective: Ecuadorian
Egypt:
noun: Egyptian(s)
adjective: Egyptian
El Salvador:
noun: Salvadoran(s)
adjective: Salvadoran
Equatorial Guinea:
noun: Equatorial Guinean(s) or Equatoguinean(s)
adjective: Equatorial Guinean or Equatoguinean
Eritrea:
noun: Eritrean(s)
adjective: Eritrean
Estonia:
noun: Estonian(s)
adjective: Estonian
Ethiopia:
noun: Ethiopian(s)
adjective: Ethiopian
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):
noun: Falkland Islander(s)
adjective: Falkland Island
Faroe Islands:
noun: Faroese (singular and plural)
adjective: Faroese
Fiji:
noun: Fijian(s)
adjective: Fijian
Finland:
noun: Finn(s)
adjective: Finnish
France:
noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women)
adjective: French
French Guiana:
noun: French Guianese (singular and plural)
adjective: French Guianese
French Polynesia:
noun: French Polynesian(s)
adjective: French Polynesian
Gabon:
noun: Gabonese (singular and plural)
adjective: Gabonese
Gambia, The:
noun: Gambian(s)
adjective: Gambian
Gaza Strip:
noun: NA
adjective: NA
Georgia:
noun: Georgian(s)
adjective: Georgian
Germany:
noun: German(s)
adjective: German
Ghana:
noun: Ghanaian(s)
adjective: Ghanaian
Gibraltar:
noun: Gibraltarian(s)
adjective: Gibraltar
Greece:
noun: Greek(s)
adjective: Greek
Greenland:
noun: Greenlander(s)
adjective: Greenlandic
Grenada:
noun: Grenadian(s)
adjective: Grenadian
Guadeloupe:
noun: Guadeloupian(s)
adjective: Guadeloupe
Guam:
noun: Guamanian(s)
adjective: Guamanian
Guatemala:
noun: Guatemalan(s)
adjective: Guatemalan
Guernsey:
noun: Channel Islander(s)
adjective: Channel Islander
Guinea:
noun: Guinean(s)
adjective: Guinean
Guinea-Bissau:
noun: Guinean (s)
adjective: Guinean
Guyana:
noun: Guyanese (singular and plural)
adjective: Guyanese
Haiti:
noun: Haitian(s)
adjective: Haitian
Holy See (Vatican City):
noun: none
adjective: none
Honduras:
noun: Honduran(s)
adjective: Honduran
Hong Kong:
noun: Chinese
adjective: Chinese
Hungary:
noun: Hungarian(s)
adjective: Hungarian
Iceland:
noun: Icelander(s)
adjective: Icelandic
India:
noun: Indian(s)
adjective: Indian
Indonesia:
noun: Indonesian(s)
adjective: Indonesian
Iran:
noun: Iranian(s)
adjective: Iranian
Iraq:
noun: Iraqi(s)
adjective: Iraqi
Ireland:
noun: Irishman(men), Irishwoman(women), Irish (collective
plural)
adjective: Irish
Israel:
noun: Israeli(s)
adjective: Israeli
Italy:
noun: Italian(s)
adjective: Italian
Jamaica:
noun: Jamaican(s)
adjective: Jamaican
Japan:
noun: Japanese (singular and plural)
adjective: Japanese
Jersey:
noun: Channel Islander(s)
adjective: Channel Islander
Jordan:
noun: Jordanian(s)
adjective: Jordanian
Kazakhstan:
noun: Kazakhstani(s)
adjective: Kazakhstani
Kenya:
noun: Kenyan(s)
adjective: Kenyan
Kiribati:
noun: I-Kiribati (singular and plural)
adjective: I-Kiribati
Korea, North:
noun: Korean(s)
adjective: Korean
Korea, South:
noun: Korean(s)
adjective: Korean
Kuwait:
noun: Kuwaiti(s)
adjective: Kuwaiti
Kyrgyzstan:
noun: Kyrgyzstani(s)
adjective: Kyrgyzstani
Laos:
noun: Lao(s) or Laotian(s)
adjective: Lao or Laotian
Latvia:
noun: Latvian(s)
adjective: Latvian
Lebanon:
noun: Lebanese (singular and plural)
adjective: Lebanese
Lesotho:
noun: Mosotho (singular), Basotho (plural)
adjective: Basotho
Liberia:
noun: Liberian(s)
adjective: Liberian
Libya:
noun: Libyan(s)
adjective: Libyan
Liechtenstein:
noun: Liechtensteiner(s)
adjective: Liechtenstein
Lithuania:
noun: Lithuanian(s)
adjective: Lithuanian
Luxembourg:
noun: Luxembourger(s)
adjective: Luxembourg
Macau:
noun: Chinese
adjective: Chinese
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
noun: Macedonian(s)
adjective: Macedonian
Madagascar:
noun: Malagasy (singular and plural)
adjective: Malagasy
Malawi:
noun: Malawian(s)
adjective: Malawian
Malaysia:
noun: Malaysian(s)
adjective: Malaysian
Maldives:
noun: Maldivian(s)
adjective: Maldivian
Mali:
noun: Malian(s)
adjective: Malian
Malta:
noun: Maltese (singular and plural)
adjective: Maltese
Man, Isle of:
noun: Manxman (men), Manxwoman (women)
adjective: Manx
Marshall Islands:
noun: Marshallese (singular and plural)
adjective: Marshallese
Martinique:
noun: Martiniquais (singular and plural)
adjective: Martiniquais
Mauritania:
noun: Mauritanian(s)
adjective: Mauritanian
Mauritius:
noun: Mauritian(s)
adjective: Mauritian
Mayotte:
noun: Mahorais (singular and plural)
adjective: Mahoran
Mexico:
noun: Mexican(s)
adjective: Mexican
Micronesia, Federated States of:
noun: Micronesian(s)
adjective: Micronesian; Kosrae(s), Pohnpeian(s), Trukese, Yapese
Moldova:
noun: Moldovan(s)
adjective: Moldovan
Monaco:
noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s)
adjective: Monegasque or Monacan
Mongolia:
noun: Mongolian(s)
adjective: Mongolian
Montserrat:
noun: Montserratian(s)
adjective: Montserratian
Morocco:
noun: Moroccan(s)
adjective: Moroccan
Mozambique:
noun: Mozambican(s)
adjective: Mozambican
Namibia:
noun: Namibian(s)
adjective: Namibian
Nauru:
noun: Nauruan(s)
adjective: Nauruan
Nepal:
noun: Nepalese (singular and plural)
adjective: Nepalese
Netherlands:
noun: Dutchman(men), Dutchwoman(women)
adjective: Dutch
Netherlands Antilles:
noun: Dutch Antillean(s)
adjective: Dutch Antillean
New Caledonia:
noun: New Caledonian(s)
adjective: New Caledonian
New Zealand:
noun: New Zealander(s)
adjective: New Zealand
Nicaragua:
noun: Nicaraguan(s)
adjective: Nicaraguan
Niger:
noun: Nigerien(s)
adjective: Nigerien
Nigeria:
noun: Nigerian(s)
adjective: Nigerian
Niue:
noun: Niuean(s)
adjective: Niuean
Norfolk Island:
noun: Norfolk Islander(s)
adjective: Norfolk Islander(s)
Northern Mariana Islands:
noun: NA
adjective: NA
Norway:
noun: Norwegian(s)
adjective: Norwegian
Oman:
noun: Omani(s)
adjective: Omani
Pakistan:
noun: Pakistani(s)
adjective: Pakistani
Palau:
noun: Palauan(s)
adjective: Palauan
Panama:
noun: Panamanian(s)
adjective: Panamanian
Papua New Guinea:
noun: Papua New Guinean(s)
adjective: Papua New Guinean
Paraguay:
noun: Paraguayan(s)
adjective: Paraguayan
Peru:
noun: Peruvian(s)
adjective: Peruvian
Philippines:
noun: Filipino(s)
adjective: Philippine
Pitcairn Islands:
noun: Pitcairn Islander(s)
adjective: Pitcairn Islander
Poland:
noun: Pole(s)
adjective: Polish
Portugal:
noun: Portuguese (singular and plural)
adjective: Portuguese
Puerto Rico:
noun: Puerto Rican(s) (US citizens)
adjective: Puerto Rican
Qatar:
noun: Qatari(s)
adjective: Qatari
Reunion:
noun: Reunionese (singular and plural)
adjective: Reunionese
Romania:
noun: Romanian(s)
adjective: Romanian
Russia:
noun: Russian(s)
adjective: Russian
Rwanda:
noun: Rwandan(s)
adjective: Rwandan
Saint Helena:
noun: Saint Helenian(s)
adjective: Saint Helenian
Saint Kitts and Nevis:
noun: Kittitian(s), Nevisian(s)
adjective: Kittitian, Nevisian
Saint Lucia:
noun: Saint Lucian(s)
adjective: Saint Lucian
Saint Pierre and Miquelon:
noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women)
adjective: French
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
noun: Saint Vincentian(s) or
Vincentian(s)
adjective: Saint Vincentian or Vincentian
Samoa:
noun: Samoan(s)
adjective: Samoan
San Marino:
noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural)
adjective: Sammarinese
Sao Tome and Principe:
noun: Sao Tomean(s)
adjective: Sao Tomean
Saudi Arabia:
noun: Saudi(s)
adjective: Saudi or Saudi Arabian
Senegal:
noun: Senegalese (singular and plural)
adjective: Senegalese
Seychelles:
noun: Seychellois (singular and plural)
adjective: Seychelles
Sierra Leone:
noun: Sierra Leonean(s)
adjective: Sierra Leonean
Singapore:
noun: Singaporean(s)
adjective: Singapore
Slovakia:
noun: Slovak(s)
adjective: Slovak
Slovenia:
noun: Slovene(s)
adjective: Slovenian
Solomon Islands:
noun: Solomon Islander(s)
adjective: Solomon Islander
Somalia:
noun: Somali(s)
adjective: Somali
South Africa:
noun: South African(s)
adjective: South African
Spain:
noun: Spaniard(s)
adjective: Spanish
Sri Lanka:
noun: Sri Lankan(s)
adjective: Sri Lankan
Sudan:
noun: Sudanese (singular and plural)
adjective: Sudanese
Suriname:
noun: Surinamer(s)
adjective: Surinamese
Swaziland:
noun: Swazi(s)
adjective: Swazi
Sweden:
noun: Swede(s)
adjective: Swedish
Switzerland:
noun: Swiss (singular and plural)
adjective: Swiss
Syria:
noun: Syrian(s)
adjective: Syrian
Tajikistan:
noun: Tajikistani(s)
adjective: Tajikistani
Tanzania:
noun: Tanzanian(s)
adjective: Tanzanian
Thailand:
noun: Thai (singular and plural)
adjective: Thai
Togo:
noun: Togolese (singular and plural)
adjective: Togolese
Tokelau:
noun: Tokelauan(s)
adjective: Tokelauan
Tonga:
noun: Tongan(s)
adjective: Tongan
Trinidad and Tobago:
noun: Trinidadian(s), Tobagonian(s)
adjective: Trinidadian, Tobagonian
Tunisia:
noun: Tunisian(s)
adjective: Tunisian
Turkey:
noun: Turk(s)
adjective: Turkish
Turkmenistan:
noun: Turkmen(s)
adjective: Turkmen
Turks and Caicos Islands:
noun: none
adjective: none
Tuvalu:
noun: Tuvaluan(s)
adjective: Tuvaluan
Uganda:
noun: Ugandan(s)
adjective: Ugandan
Ukraine:
noun: Ukrainian(s)
adjective: Ukrainian
United Arab Emirates:
noun: Emirati(s)
adjective: Emirati
United Kingdom:
noun: Briton(s), British (collective plural)
adjective: British
United States:
noun: American(s)
adjective: American
Uruguay:
noun: Uruguayan(s)
adjective: Uruguayan
Uzbekistan:
noun: Uzbekistani(s)
adjective: Uzbekistani
Vanuatu:
noun: Ni-Vanuatu (singular and plural)
adjective: Ni-Vanuatu
Venezuela:
noun: Venezuelan(s)
adjective: Venezuelan
Vietnam:
noun: Vietnamese (singular and plural)
adjective: Vietnamese
Virgin Islands:
noun: Virgin Islander(s)
adjective: Virgin Islander
Wallis and Futuna:
noun: Wallisian(s), Futunan(s), or Wallis and
Futuna Islanders
adjective: Wallisian, Futunan, or Wallis and Futuna Islander
West Bank:
noun: NA
adjective: NA
Western Sahara:
noun: Sahrawi(s), Sahraoui(s)
adjective: Sahrawian, Sahraouian
Yemen:
noun: Yemeni(s)
adjective: Yemeni
Yugoslavia:
noun: Serb(s); Montenegrin(s)
adjective: Serbian; Montenegrin
Zambia:
noun: Zambian(s)
adjective: Zambian
Zimbabwe:
noun: Zimbabwean(s)
adjective: Zimbabwean
Taiwan:
noun: Chinese (singular and plural)
adjective: Chinese
======================================================================
@Natural hazards
Afghanistan:
damaging earthquakes occur in Hindu Kush mountains;
flooding; droughts
Albania:
destructive earthquakes; tsunamis occur along southwestern
coast; drought
Algeria:
mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; mud slides
American Samoa:
typhoons common from December to March
Andorra:
snowslides, avalanches
Angola:
locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the
plateau
Anguilla:
frequent hurricanes and other tropical storms (July to
October)
Antarctica:
katabatic (gravity-driven) winds blow coastward from the
high interior; frequent blizzards form near the foot of the plateau;
cyclonic storms form over the ocean and move clockwise along the
coast; volcanism on Deception Island and isolated areas of West
Antarctica; other seismic activity rare and weak; large icebergs may
calve from ice shelf
Antigua and Barbuda:
hurricanes and tropical storms (July to
October); periodic droughts
Arctic Ocean:
ice islands occasionally break away from northern
Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland
and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually
ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure
icing from October to May
Argentina:
San Miguel de Tucuman and Mendoza areas in the Andes
subject to earthquakes; pamperos are violent windstorms that can
strike the Pampas and northeast; heavy flooding
Armenia:
occasionally severe earthquakes; droughts
Aruba:
lies outside the Caribbean hurricane belt
Ashmore and Cartier Islands:
surrounded by shoals and reefs that can
pose maritime hazards
Atlantic Ocean:
icebergs common in Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, and
the northwestern Atlantic Ocean from February to August and have
been spotted as far south as Bermuda and the Madeira Islands; ships
subject to superstructure icing in extreme northern Atlantic from
October to May; persistent fog can be a maritime hazard from May to
September; hurricanes (May to December)
Australia:
cyclones along the coast; severe droughts
Austria:
NA
Azerbaijan:
droughts; some lowland areas threatened by rising levels
of the Caspian Sea
Bahamas, The:
hurricanes and other tropical storms that cause
extensive flood and wind damage
Bahrain:
periodic droughts; dust storms
Baker Island:
the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be
a maritime hazard
Bangladesh:
droughts, cyclones; much of the country routinely
inundated during the summer monsoon season
Barbados:
infrequent hurricanes; periodic landslides
Bassas da India:
maritime hazard since it is usually under water
during high tide and surrounded by reefs; subject to periodic
cyclones
Belarus:
NA
Belgium:
flooding is a threat in areas of reclaimed coastal land,
protected from the sea by concrete dikes
Belize:
frequent, devastating hurricanes (September to December) and
coastal flooding (especially in south)
Benin:
hot, dry, dusty harmattan wind may affect north in winter
Bermuda:
hurricanes (June to November)
Bhutan:
violent storms coming down from the Himalayas are the source
of the country's name which translates as Land of the Thunder
Dragon; frequent landslides during the rainy season
Bolivia:
flooding in the northeast (March-April)
Bosnia and Herzegovina:
destructive earthquakes
Botswana:
periodic droughts; seasonal August winds blow from the
west, carrying sand and dust across the country, which can obscure
visibility
Bouvet Island:
NA
Brazil:
recurring droughts in northeast; floods and occasional frost
in south
British Indian Ocean Territory:
NA
British Virgin Islands:
hurricanes and tropical storms (July to
October)
Brunei:
typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are very rare
Bulgaria:
earthquakes, landslides
Burkina Faso:
recurring droughts
Burma:
destructive earthquakes and cyclones; flooding and landslides
common during rainy season (June to September); periodic droughts
Burundi:
flooding, landslides, drought
Cambodia:
monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional
droughts
Cameroon:
recent volcanic activity with release of poisonous gases
Canada:
continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to
development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a
result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and
North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and
snow
Cape Verde:
prolonged droughts; harmattan wind can obscure
visibility; volcanically and seismically active
Cayman Islands:
hurricanes (July to November)
Central African Republic:
hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds affect
northern areas; floods are common
Chad:
hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic
droughts; locust plagues
Chile:
severe earthquakes; active volcanism; tsunamis
China:
frequent typhoons (about five per year along southern and
eastern coasts); damaging floods; tsunamis; earthquakes; droughts
Christmas Island:
the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island
can be a maritime hazard
Clipperton Island:
NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands:
cyclones may occur in the early months of
the year
Colombia:
highlands subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional
earthquakes; periodic droughts
Comoros:
cyclones possible during rainy season (December to April);
Le Kartala on Grand Comore is an active volcano
Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
periodic droughts in south;
volcanic activity
Congo, Republic of the:
seasonal flooding
Cook Islands:
typhoons (November to March)
Coral Sea Islands:
occasional tropical cyclones
Costa Rica:
occasional earthquakes, hurricanes along Atlantic coast;
frequent flooding of lowlands at onset of rainy season and
landslides; active volcanoes
Cote d'Ivoire:
coast has heavy surf and no natural harbors; during
the rainy season torrential flooding is possible
Croatia:
destructive earthquakes
Cuba:
the east coast is subject to hurricanes from August to October
(in general, the country averages about one hurricane every other
year); droughts are common
Cyprus:
moderate earthquake activity; droughts
Czech Republic:
flooding
Denmark:
flooding is a threat in some areas of the country (e.g.,
parts of Jutland, along the southern coast of the island of Lolland)
that are protected from the sea by a system of dikes
Djibouti:
earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances
from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods
Dominica:
flash floods are a constant threat; destructive hurricanes
can be expected during the late summer months
Dominican Republic:
lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and
subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding;
periodic droughts
Ecuador:
frequent earthquakes, landslides, volcanic activity;
periodic droughts
Egypt:
periodic droughts; frequent earthquakes, flash floods,
landslides, volcanic activity; hot, driving windstorm called khamsin
occurs in spring; dust storms, sandstorms
El Salvador:
known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes
very destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity
Equatorial Guinea:
violent windstorms, flash floods
Eritrea:
frequent droughts; locust swarms
Estonia:
flooding occurs frequently in the spring
Ethiopia:
geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts
Europa Island:
NA
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):
strong winds persist throughout
the year
Faroe Islands:
NA
Fiji:
cyclonic storms can occur from November to January
Finland:
NA
France:
flooding; avalanches
French Guiana:
high frequency of heavy showers and severe
thunderstorms; flooding
French Polynesia:
occasional cyclonic storms in January
French Southern and Antarctic Lands:
Ile Amsterdam and Ile
Saint-Paul are extinct volcanoes
Gabon:
NA
Gambia, The:
drought (rainfall has dropped by 30% in the last 30
years)
Gaza Strip:
droughts
Georgia:
earthquakes
Germany:
flooding
Ghana:
dry, dusty, harmattan winds occur from January to March;
droughts
Gibraltar:
NA
Glorioso Islands:
periodic cyclones
Greece:
severe earthquakes
Greenland:
continuous permafrost over northern two-thirds of the
island
Grenada:
lies on edge of hurricane belt; hurricane season lasts from
June to November
Guadeloupe:
hurricanes (June to October); Soufriere is an active
volcano
Guam:
frequent squalls during rainy season; relatively rare, but
potentially very destructive typhoons (especially in August)
Guatemala:
numerous volcanoes in mountains, with occasional violent
earthquakes; Caribbean coast subject to hurricanes and other
tropical storms
Guernsey:
NA
Guinea:
hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during
dry season
Guinea-Bissau:
hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility
during dry season; brush fires
Guyana:
flash floods are a constant threat during rainy seasons
Haiti:
lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to
severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding and
earthquakes; periodic droughts
Heard Island and McDonald Islands:
Heard Island is dominated by a
dormant volcano called Big Ben
Holy See (Vatican City):
NA
Honduras:
frequent, but generally mild, earthquakes; damaging
hurricanes and floods along Caribbean coast
Hong Kong:
occasional typhoons
Howland Island:
the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can
be a maritime hazard
Iceland:
earthquakes and volcanic activity
India:
droughts, flash floods, severe thunderstorms common;
earthquakes
Indian Ocean:
occasional icebergs pose navigational hazard in
southern reaches
Indonesia:
occasional floods, severe droughts, tsunamis,
earthquakes, volcanoes
Iran:
periodic droughts, floods; dust storms, sandstorms;
earthquakes along western border and in the northeast
Iraq:
dust storms, sandstorms, floods
Ireland:
NA
Israel:
sandstorms may occur during spring and summer; droughts
Italy:
regional risks include landslides, mudflows, avalanches,
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding; land subsidence in Venice
Jamaica:
hurricanes (especially July to November)
Jan Mayen:
dominated by the volcano Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg;
volcanic activity resumed in 1970
Japan:
many dormant and some active volcanoes; about 1,500 seismic
occurrences (mostly tremors) every year; tsunamis; typhoons
Jarvis Island:
the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can
be a maritime hazard
Jersey:
NA
Johnston Atoll:
NA
Jordan:
droughts
Juan de Nova Island:
periodic cyclones
Kazakhstan:
earthquakes in the south, mudslides around Almaty
Kenya:
recurring drought in northern and eastern regions; flooding
during rainy seasons
Kingman Reef:
wet or awash most of the time, maximum elevation of
about 1 meter makes Kingman Reef a maritime hazard
Kiribati:
typhoons can occur any time, but usually November to
March; occasional tornadoes; low level of some of the islands make
them very sensitive to changes in sea level
Korea, North:
late spring droughts often followed by severe
flooding; occasional typhoons during the early fall
Korea, South:
occasional typhoons bring high winds and floods;
low-level seismic activity common in southwest
Kuwait:
sudden cloudbursts are common from October to April; they
bring inordinate amounts of rain which can damage roads and houses;
sandstorms and dust storms occur throughout the year, but are most
common between March and August
Kyrgyzstan:
NA
Laos:
floods, droughts, and blight
Latvia:
NA
Lebanon:
dust storms, sandstorms
Lesotho:
periodic droughts
Liberia:
dust-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December
to March)
Libya:
hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to
four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms
Liechtenstein:
NA
Lithuania:
NA
Luxembourg:
NA
Macau:
typhoons
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
high seismic risks
Madagascar:
periodic cyclones
Malawi:
NA
Malaysia:
flooding, landslides
Maldives:
low level of islands makes them very sensitive to sea
level rise
Mali:
hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons;
recurring droughts
Malta:
NA
Man, Isle of:
NA
Marshall Islands:
occasional typhoons
Martinique:
hurricanes, flooding, and volcanic activity (an average
of one major natural disaster every five years)
Mauritania:
hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind blows primarily
in March and April; periodic droughts
Mauritius:
cyclones (November to April); almost completely
surrounded by reefs that may pose maritime hazards
Mayotte:
cyclones during rainy season
Mexico:
tsunamis along the Pacific coast, volcanoes and destructive
earthquakes in the center and south, and hurricanes on the Gulf of
Mexico and Caribbean coasts
Micronesia, Federated States of:
typhoons (June to December)
Midway Islands:
NA
Moldova:
landslides (57 cases in 1998)
Monaco:
NA
Mongolia:
dust and snow storms, grassland and forest fires, drought
and "zud", which is a combination of drought followed by harsh
winter conditions
Montserrat:
severe hurricanes (June to November); volcanic eruptions
(full-scale eruptions of the Soufriere Hills volcano occurred during
1996-97)
Morocco:
northern mountains geologically unstable and subject to
earthquakes; periodic droughts
Mozambique:
severe droughts and floods occur in central and southern
provinces; devastating cyclones
Namibia:
prolonged periods of drought
Nauru:
periodic droughts
Navassa Island:
NA
Nepal:
severe thunderstorms, flooding, landslides, drought, and
famine depending on the timing, intensity, and duration of the
summer monsoons
Netherlands:
flooding
Netherlands Antilles:
Curacao and Bonaire are south of Caribbean
hurricane belt and are rarely threatened; Sint Maarten, Saba, and
Sint Eustatius are subject to hurricanes from July to October
New Caledonia:
cyclones, most frequent from November to March
New Zealand:
earthquakes are common, though usually not severe;
volcanic activity
Nicaragua:
destructive earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, and
occasionally severe hurricanes
Niger:
recurring droughts
Nigeria:
periodic droughts
Niue:
typhoons
Norfolk Island:
typhoons (especially May to July)
Northern Mariana Islands:
active volcanoes on Pagan and Agrihan;
typhoons (especially August to November)
Norway:
rockslides, avalanches
Oman:
summer winds often raise large sandstorms and dust storms in
interior; periodic droughts
Pacific Ocean:
surrounded by a zone of violent volcanic and
earthquake activity sometimes referred to as the "Pacific Ring of
Fire"; subject to tropical cyclones (typhoons) in southeast and east
Asia from May to December (most frequent from July to October);
tropical cyclones (hurricanes) may form south of Mexico and strike
Central America and Mexico from June to October (most common in
August and September); cyclical El Nino/La Nina phenomenon occurs in
the equatorial Pacific, influencing weather in the Western
Hemisphere and the western Pacific; ships subject to superstructure
icing in extreme north from October to May; persistent fog in the
northern Pacific can be a maritime hazard from June to December
Pakistan:
frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in
north and west; flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and
August)
Palau:
typhoons (June to December)
Palmyra Atoll:
NA
Panama:
NA
Papua New Guinea:
active volcanism; situated along the Pacific "Rim
of Fire"; the country is subject to frequent and sometimes severe
earthquakes; mud slides; tsunamis
Paracel Islands:
typhoons
Paraguay:
local flooding in southeast (early September to June);
poorly drained plains may become boggy (early October to June)
Peru:
earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, mild volcanic
activity
Philippines:
astride typhoon belt, usually affected by 15 and struck
by five to six cyclonic storms per year; landslides; active
volcanoes; destructive earthquakes; tsunamis
Pitcairn Islands:
typhoons (especially November to March)
Poland:
NA
Portugal:
Azores subject to severe earthquakes
Puerto Rico:
periodic droughts; hurricanes
Qatar:
haze, dust storms, sandstorms common
Reunion:
periodic, devastating cyclones (December to April); Piton
de la Fournaise on the southeastern coast is an active volcano
Romania:
earthquakes most severe in south and southwest; geologic
structure and climate promote landslides
Russia:
permafrost over much of Siberia is a major impediment to
development; volcanic activity in the Kuril Islands; volcanoes and
earthquakes on the Kamchatka Peninsula
Rwanda:
periodic droughts; the volcanic Virunga mountains are in the
northwest along the border with Democratic Republic of the Congo
Saint Helena:
active volcanism on Tristan da Cunha
Saint Kitts and Nevis:
hurricanes (July to October)
Saint Lucia:
hurricanes and volcanic activity
Saint Pierre and Miquelon:
persistent fog throughout the year can be
a maritime hazard
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
hurricanes; Soufriere volcano on
the island of Saint Vincent is a constant threat
Samoa:
occasional typhoons; active volcanism
San Marino:
NA
Sao Tome and Principe:
NA
Saudi Arabia:
frequent sand and dust storms
Senegal:
lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts
Seychelles:
lies outside the cyclone belt, so severe storms are
rare; short droughts possible
Sierra Leone:
dry, sand-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara
(December to February); sandstorms, dust storms
Singapore:
NA
Slovakia:
NA
Slovenia:
flooding and earthquakes
Solomon Islands:
typhoons, but they are rarely destructive;
geologically active region with frequent earth tremors; volcanic
activity
Somalia:
recurring droughts; frequent dust storms over eastern
plains in summer; floods during rainy season
South Africa:
prolonged droughts
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands:
the South Sandwich
Islands have prevailing weather conditions that generally make them
difficult to approach by ship; they are also subject to active
volcanism
Southern Ocean:
huge icebergs with drafts up to several hundred
meters; smaller bergs and iceberg fragments; sea ice (generally 0.5
to 1 meter thick) with sometimes dynamic short-term variations and
with large annual and interannual variations; deep continental shelf
floored by glacial deposits varying widely over short distances;
high winds and large waves much of the year; ship icing, especially
May-October; most of region is remote from sources of search and
rescue
Spain:
periodic droughts
Spratly Islands:
typhoons; serious maritime hazard because of
numerous reefs and shoals
Sri Lanka:
occasional cyclones and tornadoes
Sudan:
dust storms
Suriname:
NA
Svalbard:
ice floes often block up the entrance to Bellsund (a
transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally
make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic
Swaziland:
NA
Sweden:
ice floes in the surrounding waters, especially in the Gulf
of Bothnia, can interfere with maritime traffic
Switzerland:
avalanches, landslides, flash floods
Syria:
dust storms, sandstorms
Tajikistan:
NA
Tanzania:
flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season;
drought
Thailand:
land subsidence in Bangkok area resulting from the
depletion of the water table; droughts
Togo:
hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during
winter; periodic droughts
Tokelau:
lies in Pacific typhoon belt
Tonga:
cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic
activity on Fonuafo'ou
Trinidad and Tobago:
outside usual path of hurricanes and other
tropical storms
Tromelin Island:
NA
Tunisia:
NA
Turkey:
very severe earthquakes, especially in northern Turkey,
along an arc extending from the Sea of Marmara to Lake Van
Turkmenistan:
NA
Turks and Caicos Islands:
frequent hurricanes
Tuvalu:
severe tropical storms are usually rare, but, in 1997, there
were three cyclones; low level of islands make them very sensitive
to changes in sea level
Uganda:
NA
Ukraine:
NA
United Arab Emirates:
frequent sand and dust storms
United Kingdom:
NA
United States:
tsunamis, volcanoes, and earthquake activity around
Pacific Basin; hurricanes along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico
coasts; tornadoes in the midwest and southeast; mud slides in
California; forest fires in the west; flooding; permafrost in
northern Alaska, a major impediment to development
Uruguay:
seasonally high winds (the pampero is a chilly and
occasional violent wind which blows north from the Argentine
pampas), droughts, floods; because of the absence of mountains,
which act as weather barriers, all locations are particularly
vulnerable to rapid changes in weather fronts
Uzbekistan:
NA
Vanuatu:
tropical cyclones or typhoons (January to April); volcanism
causes minor earthquakes
Venezuela:
subject to floods, rockslides, mudslides; periodic
droughts
Vietnam:
occasional typhoons (May to January) with extensive flooding
Virgin Islands:
several hurricanes in recent years; frequent and
severe droughts and floods; occasional earthquakes
Wake Island:
occasional typhoons
Wallis and Futuna:
NA
West Bank:
droughts
Western Sahara:
hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind can occur
during winter and spring; widespread harmattan haze exists 60% of
time, often severely restricting visibility
World:
large areas subject to severe weather (tropical cyclones),
natural disasters (earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, volcanic
eruptions)
Yemen:
sandstorms and dust storms in summer
Yugoslavia:
destructive earthquakes
Zambia:
tropical storms (November to April)
Zimbabwe:
recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare
Taiwan:
earthquakes and typhoons
======================================================================
@Natural resources
Afghanistan:
natural gas, petroleum, coal, copper, chromite, talc,
barites, sulfur, lead, zinc, iron ore, salt, precious and
semiprecious stones
Albania:
petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, timber,
nickel, hydropower
Algeria:
petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium,
lead, zinc
American Samoa:
pumice, pumicite
Andorra:
hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead
Angola:
petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar,
gold, bauxite, uranium
Anguilla:
salt, fish, lobster
Antarctica:
iron ore, chromium, copper, gold, nickel, platinum and
other minerals, and coal and hydrocarbons have been found in small
uncommercial quantities; none presently exploited; krill, finfish,
and crab have been taken by commercial fisheries
Antigua and Barbuda:
NEGL; pleasant climate fosters tourism
Arctic Ocean:
sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits,
polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals
(seals and whales)
Argentina:
fertile plains of the Pampas, lead, zinc, tin, copper,
iron ore, manganese, petroleum, uranium
Armenia:
small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, alumina
Aruba:
NEGL; white sandy beaches
Ashmore and Cartier Islands:
fish
Atlantic Ocean:
oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and
whales), sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic
nodules, precious stones
Australia:
bauxite, coal, iron ore, copper, tin, silver, uranium,
nickel, tungsten, mineral sands, lead, zinc, diamonds, natural gas,
petroleum
Austria:
iron ore, oil, timber, magnesite, lead, coal, lignite,
copper, hydropower
Azerbaijan:
petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, nonferrous metals,
alumina
Bahamas, The:
salt, aragonite, timber, arable land
Bahrain:
oil, associated and nonassociated natural gas, fish, pearls
Baker Island:
guano (deposits worked until 1891), terrestrial and
aquatic wildlife
Bangladesh:
natural gas, arable land, timber, coal
Barbados:
petroleum, fish, natural gas
Bassas da India:
none
Belarus:
forests, peat deposits, small quantities of oil and natural
gas
Belgium:
coal, natural gas
Belize:
arable land potential, timber, fish, hydropower
Benin:
small offshore oil deposits, limestone, marble, timber
Bermuda:
limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism
Bhutan:
timber, hydropower, gypsum, calcium carbide
Bolivia:
tin, natural gas, petroleum, zinc, tungsten, antimony,
silver, iron, lead, gold, timber, hydropower
Bosnia and Herzegovina:
coal, iron, bauxite, manganese, forests,
copper, chromium, lead, zinc, hydropower
Botswana:
diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal,
iron ore, silver
Bouvet Island:
none
Brazil:
bauxite, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates,
platinum, tin, uranium, petroleum, hydropower, timber
British Indian Ocean Territory:
coconuts, fish, sugarcane
British Virgin Islands:
NEGL
Brunei:
petroleum, natural gas, timber
Bulgaria:
bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber, arable land
Burkina Faso:
manganese, limestone, marble; small deposits of gold,
antimony, copper, nickel, bauxite, lead, phosphates, zinc, silver
Burma:
petroleum, timber, tin, antimony, zinc, copper, tungsten,
lead, coal, some marble, limestone, precious stones, natural gas,
hydropower
Burundi:
nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper,
platinum (not yet exploited), vanadium, arable land, hydropower
Cambodia:
timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates,
hydropower potential
Cameroon:
petroleum, bauxite, iron ore, timber, hydropower
Canada:
iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum,
potash, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural
gas, hydropower
Cape Verde:
salt, basalt rock, pozzuolana (a siliceous volcanic ash
used to produce hydraulic cement), limestone, kaolin, fish
Cayman Islands:
fish, climate and beaches that foster tourism
Central African Republic:
diamonds, uranium, timber, gold, oil,
hydropower
Chad:
petroleum (unexploited but exploration under way), uranium,
natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad)
Chile:
copper, timber, iron ore, nitrates, precious metals,
molybdenum, hydropower
China:
coal, iron ore, petroleum, natural gas, mercury, tin,
tungsten, antimony, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, magnetite,
aluminum, lead, zinc, uranium, hydropower potential (world's largest)
Christmas Island:
phosphate
Clipperton Island:
fish
Cocos (Keeling) Islands:
fish
Colombia:
petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold,
copper, emeralds, hydropower
Comoros:
NEGL
Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
cobalt, copper, cadmium,
petroleum, industrial and gem diamonds, gold, silver, zinc,
manganese, tin, germanium, uranium, radium, bauxite, iron ore, coal,
hydropower, timber
Congo, Republic of the:
petroleum, timber, potash, lead, zinc,
uranium, copper, phosphates, natural gas, hydropower
Cook Islands:
NEGL
Coral Sea Islands:
NEGL
Costa Rica:
hydropower
Cote d'Ivoire:
petroleum, natural gas, diamonds, manganese, iron
ore, cobalt, bauxite, copper, hydropower
Croatia:
oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium,
natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, hydropower
Cuba:
cobalt, nickel, iron ore, copper, manganese, salt, timber,
silica, petroleum, arable land
Cyprus:
copper, pyrites, asbestos, gypsum, timber, salt, marble,
clay earth pigment
Czech Republic:
hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay, graphite, timber
Denmark:
petroleum, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone, stone,
gravel and sand
Djibouti:
geothermal areas
Dominica:
timber, hydropower, arable land
Dominican Republic:
nickel, bauxite, gold, silver
Ecuador:
petroleum, fish, timber, hydropower
Egypt:
petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, manganese,
limestone, gypsum, talc, asbestos, lead, zinc
El Salvador:
hydropower, geothermal power, petroleum, arable land
Equatorial Guinea:
oil, petroleum, timber, small unexploited
deposits of gold, manganese, uranium
Eritrea:
gold, potash, zinc, copper, salt, possibly oil and natural
gas, fish
Estonia:
shale oil (kukersite), peat, phosphorite, amber, cambrian
blue clay, limestone, dolomite, arable land
Ethiopia:
small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash, natural
gas, hydropower
Europa Island:
NEGL
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):
fish, wildlife
Faroe Islands:
fish, whales, hydropower
Fiji:
timber, fish, gold, copper, offshore oil potential, hydropower
Finland:
timber, copper, zinc, iron ore, silver
France:
coal, iron ore, bauxite, zinc, potash, timber, fish
French Guiana:
bauxite, timber, gold (widely scattered), cinnabar,
kaolin, fish
French Polynesia:
timber, fish, cobalt, hydropower
French Southern and Antarctic Lands:
fish, crayfish
Gabon:
petroleum, manganese, uranium, gold, timber, iron ore,
hydropower
Gambia, The:
fish
Gaza Strip:
arable land, natural gas
Georgia:
forests, hydropower, manganese deposits, iron ore, copper,
minor coal and oil deposits; coastal climate and soils allow for
important tea and citrus growth
Germany:
iron ore, coal, potash, timber, lignite, uranium, copper,
natural gas, salt, nickel, arable land
Ghana:
gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish,
rubber, hydropower
Gibraltar:
NEGL
Glorioso Islands:
guano, coconuts
Greece:
bauxite, lignite, magnesite, petroleum, marble, hydropower
potential
Greenland:
zinc, lead, iron ore, coal, molybdenum, gold, platinum,
uranium, fish, seals, whales, hydropower, possible oil and gas
Grenada:
timber, tropical fruit, deepwater harbors
Guadeloupe:
cultivable land, beaches and climate that foster tourism
Guam:
fishing (largely undeveloped), tourism (especially from Japan)
Guatemala:
petroleum, nickel, rare woods, fish, chicle, hydropower
Guernsey:
cropland
Guinea:
bauxite, iron ore, diamonds, gold, uranium, hydropower, fish
Guinea-Bissau:
fish, timber, phosphates, bauxite, unexploited
deposits of petroleum
Guyana:
bauxite, gold, diamonds, hardwood timber, shrimp, fish
Haiti:
bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble, hydropower
Heard Island and McDonald Islands:
none
Holy See (Vatican City):
none
Honduras:
timber, gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, iron ore,
antimony, coal, fish, hydropower
Hong Kong:
outstanding deepwater harbor, feldspar
Howland Island:
guano (deposits worked until late 1800s),
terrestrial and aquatic wildlife
Hungary:
bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils, arable land
Iceland:
fish, hydropower, geothermal power, diatomite
India:
coal (fourth-largest reserves in the world), iron ore,
manganese, mica, bauxite, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas,
diamonds, petroleum, limestone, arable land
Indian Ocean:
oil and gas fields, fish, shrimp, sand and gravel
aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules
Indonesia:
petroleum, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite,
copper, fertile soils, coal, gold, silver
Iran:
petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, iron ore,
lead, manganese, zinc, sulfur
Iraq:
petroleum, natural gas, phosphates, sulfur
Ireland:
zinc, lead, natural gas, barite, copper, gypsum, limestone,
dolomite, peat, silver
Israel:
timber, potash, copper ore, natural gas, phosphate rock,
magnesium bromide, clays, sand, oil
Italy:
mercury, potash, marble, sulfur, natural gas and crude oil
reserves, fish, coal, arable land
Jamaica:
bauxite, gypsum, limestone
Jan Mayen:
none
Japan:
negligible mineral resources, fish
Jarvis Island:
guano (deposits worked until late 1800s), terrestrial
and aquatic wildlife
Jersey:
arable land
Johnston Atoll:
guano deposits worked until depletion about 1890,
terrestrial and aquatic wildlife
Jordan:
phosphates, potash, shale oil
Juan de Nova Island:
guano deposits and other fertilizers
Kazakhstan:
major deposits of petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron
ore, manganese, chrome ore, nickel, cobalt, copper, molybdenum,
lead, zinc, bauxite, gold, uranium
Kenya:
gold, limestone, soda ash, salt barites, rubies, fluorspar,
garnets, wildlife, hydropower
Kingman Reef:
terrestrial and aquatic wildlife
Kiribati:
phosphate (production discontinued in 1979)
Korea, North:
coal, lead, tungsten, zinc, graphite, magnesite, iron
ore, copper, gold, pyrites, salt, fluorspar, hydropower
Korea, South:
coal, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum, lead, hydropower
potential
Kuwait:
petroleum, fish, shrimp, natural gas
Kyrgyzstan:
abundant hydropower; significant deposits of gold and
rare earth metals; locally exploitable coal, oil, and natural gas;
other deposits of nepheline, mercury, bismuth, lead, and zinc
Laos:
timber, hydropower, gypsum, tin, gold, gemstones
Latvia:
minimal; amber, peat, limestone, dolomite, hydropower,
arable land
Lebanon:
limestone, iron ore, salt, water-surplus state in a
water-deficit region, arable land
Lesotho:
water, agricultural and grazing land, some diamonds and
other minerals
Liberia:
iron ore, timber, diamonds, gold, hydropower
Libya:
petroleum, natural gas, gypsum
Liechtenstein:
hydroelectric potential, arable land
Lithuania:
peat, arable land
Luxembourg:
iron ore (no longer exploited), arable land
Macau:
NEGL
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
chromium, lead, zinc,
manganese, tungsten, nickel, low-grade iron ore, asbestos, sulfur,
timber, arable land
Madagascar:
graphite, chromite, coal, bauxite, salt, quartz, tar
sands, semiprecious stones, mica, fish, hydropower
Malawi:
limestone, arable land, hydropower, unexploited deposits of
uranium, coal, and bauxite
Malaysia:
tin, petroleum, timber, copper, iron ore, natural gas,
bauxite
Maldives:
fish
Mali:
gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, hydropower
note: bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper deposits are
known but not exploited
Malta:
limestone, salt, arable land
Man, Isle of:
none
Marshall Islands:
phosphate deposits, marine products, deep seabed
minerals
Martinique:
coastal scenery and beaches, cultivable land
Mauritania:
iron ore, gypsum, fish, copper, phosphate, diamonds, gold
Mauritius:
arable land, fish
Mayotte:
NEGL
Mexico:
petroleum, silver, copper, gold, lead, zinc, natural gas,
timber
Micronesia, Federated States of:
forests, marine products,
deep-seabed minerals
Midway Islands:
wildlife, terrestrial and aquatic
Moldova:
lignite, phosphorites, gypsum, arable land
Monaco:
none
Mongolia:
oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin,
nickel, zinc, wolfram, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron, phosphate
Montserrat:
NEGL
Morocco:
phosphates, iron ore, manganese, lead, zinc, fish, salt
Mozambique:
coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum,
graphite
Namibia:
diamonds, copper, uranium, gold, lead, tin, lithium,
cadmium, zinc, salt, vanadium, natural gas, hydropower, fish
note: suspected deposits of oil, coal, and iron ore
Nauru:
phosphates
Navassa Island:
guano
Nepal:
quartz, water, timber, hydropower, scenic beauty, small
deposits of lignite, copper, cobalt, iron ore
Netherlands:
natural gas, petroleum, arable land
Netherlands Antilles:
phosphates (Curacao only), salt (Bonaire only)
New Caledonia:
nickel, chrome, iron, cobalt, manganese, silver,
gold, lead, copper
New Zealand:
natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower,
gold, limestone
Nicaragua:
gold, silver, copper, tungsten, lead, zinc, timber, fish
Niger:
uranium, coal, iron ore, tin, phosphates, gold, petroleum
Nigeria:
natural gas, petroleum, tin, columbite, iron ore, coal,
limestone, lead, zinc, arable land
Niue:
fish, arable land
Norfolk Island:
fish
Northern Mariana Islands:
arable land, fish
Norway:
petroleum, copper, natural gas, pyrites, nickel, iron ore,
zinc, lead, fish, timber, hydropower
Oman:
petroleum, copper, asbestos, some marble, limestone, chromium,
gypsum, natural gas
Pacific Ocean:
oil and gas fields, polymetallic nodules, sand and
gravel aggregates, placer deposits, fish
Pakistan:
land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum,
poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone
Palau:
forests, minerals (especially gold), marine products,
deep-seabed minerals
Palmyra Atoll:
terrestrial and aquatic wildlife
Panama:
copper, mahogany forests, shrimp, hydropower
Papua New Guinea:
gold, copper, silver, natural gas, timber, oil,
fisheries
Paracel Islands:
none
Paraguay:
hydropower, timber, iron ore, manganese, limestone
Peru:
copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal,
phosphate, potash, hydropower
Philippines:
timber, petroleum, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, salt,
copper
Pitcairn Islands:
miro trees (used for handicrafts), fish
note: manganese, iron, copper, gold, silver, and zinc have been
discovered offshore
Poland:
coal, sulfur, copper, natural gas, silver, lead, salt,
arable land
Portugal:
fish, forests (cork), tungsten, iron ore, uranium ore,
marble, arable land, hydro power
Puerto Rico:
some copper and nickel; potential for onshore and
offshore oil
Qatar:
petroleum, natural gas, fish
Reunion:
fish, arable land, hydropower
Romania:
petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal,
iron ore, salt, arable land, hydropower
Russia:
wide natural resource base including major deposits of oil,
natural gas, coal, and many strategic minerals, timber
note: formidable obstacles of climate, terrain, and distance hinder
exploitation of natural resources
Rwanda:
gold, cassiterite (tin ore), wolframite (tungsten ore),
methane, hydropower, arable land
Saint Helena:
fish
Saint Kitts and Nevis:
arable land
Saint Lucia:
forests, sandy beaches, minerals (pumice), mineral
springs, geothermal potential
Saint Pierre and Miquelon:
fish, deepwater ports
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
hydropower, cropland
Samoa:
hardwood forests, fish, hydropower
San Marino:
building stone
Sao Tome and Principe:
fish, hydropower
Saudi Arabia:
petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, copper
Senegal:
fish, phosphates, iron ore
Seychelles:
fish, copra, cinnamon trees
Sierra Leone:
diamonds, titanium ore, bauxite, iron ore, gold,
chromite
Singapore:
fish, deepwater ports
Slovakia:
brown coal and lignite; small amounts of iron ore, copper
and manganese ore; salt; arable land
Slovenia:
lignite coal, lead, zinc, mercury, uranium, silver,
hydropower
Solomon Islands:
fish, forests, gold, bauxite, phosphates, lead,
zinc, nickel
Somalia:
uranium and largely unexploited reserves of iron ore, tin,
gypsum, bauxite, copper, salt
South Africa:
gold, chromium, antimony, coal, iron ore, manganese,
nickel, phosphates, tin, uranium, gem diamonds, platinum, copper,
vanadium, salt, natural gas
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands:
fish
Southern Ocean:
probable large and possible giant oil and gas fields
on the continental margin, manganese nodules, possible placer
deposits, sand and gravel, fresh water as icebergs, squid, whales,
and seals - none exploited; krill, fishes
Spain:
coal, lignite, iron ore, uranium, mercury, pyrites,
fluorspar, gypsum, zinc, lead, tungsten, copper, kaolin, potash,
hydropower, arable land
Spratly Islands:
fish, guano, undetermined oil and natural gas
potential
Sri Lanka:
limestone, graphite, mineral sands, gems, phosphates,
clay, hydropower
Sudan:
petroleum; small reserves of iron ore, copper, chromium ore,
zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold, hydropower
Suriname:
timber, hydropower, fish, kaolin, shrimp, bauxite, gold,
and small amounts of nickel, copper, platinum, iron ore
Svalbard:
coal, copper, iron ore, phosphate, zinc, wildlife, fish
Swaziland:
asbestos, coal, clay, cassiterite, hydropower, forests,
small gold and diamond deposits, quarry stone, and talc
Sweden:
zinc, iron ore, lead, copper, silver, timber, uranium,
hydropower
Switzerland:
hydropower potential, timber, salt
Syria:
petroleum, phosphates, chrome and manganese ores, asphalt,
iron ore, rock salt, marble, gypsum, hydropower
Tajikistan:
hydropower, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown
coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten, silver, gold
Tanzania:
hydropower, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds,
gemstones, gold, natural gas, nickel
Thailand:
tin, rubber, natural gas, tungsten, tantalum, timber,
lead, fish, gypsum, lignite, fluorite, arable land
Togo:
phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land
Tokelau:
NEGL
Tonga:
fish, fertile soil
Trinidad and Tobago:
petroleum, natural gas, asphalt
Tromelin Island:
fish
Tunisia:
petroleum, phosphates, iron ore, lead, zinc, salt
Turkey:
antimony, coal, chromium, mercury, copper, borate, sulfur,
iron ore, arable land, hydropower
Turkmenistan:
petroleum, natural gas, coal, sulfur, salt
Turks and Caicos Islands:
spiny lobster, conch
Tuvalu:
fish
Uganda:
copper, cobalt, hydropower, limestone, salt, arable land
Ukraine:
iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulfur,
graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber,
arable land
United Arab Emirates:
petroleum, natural gas
United Kingdom:
coal, petroleum, natural gas, tin, limestone, iron
ore, salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, lead, silica, arable land
United States:
coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, uranium,
bauxite, gold, iron, mercury, nickel, potash, silver, tungsten,
zinc, petroleum, natural gas, timber
Uruguay:
arable land, hydropower, minor minerals, fisheries
Uzbekistan:
natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver,
copper, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum
Vanuatu:
manganese, hardwood forests, fish
Venezuela:
petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, bauxite, other
minerals, hydropower, diamonds
Vietnam:
phosphates, coal, manganese, bauxite, chromate, offshore
oil and gas deposits, forests, hydropower
Virgin Islands:
sun, sand, sea, surf
Wake Island:
none
Wallis and Futuna:
NEGL
West Bank:
arable land
Western Sahara:
phosphates, iron ore
World:
the rapid using up of nonrenewable mineral resources, the
depletion of forest areas and wetlands, the extinction of animal and
plant species, and the deterioration in air and water quality
(especially in Eastern Europe, the former USSR, and China) pose
serious long-term problems that governments and peoples are only
beginning to address
Yemen:
petroleum, fish, rock salt, marble, small deposits of coal,
gold, lead, nickel, and copper, fertile soil in west
Yugoslavia:
oil, gas, coal, antimony, copper, lead, zinc, nickel,
gold, pyrite, chrome, hydropower, arable land
Zambia:
copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal, emeralds, gold, silver,
uranium, hydropower
Zimbabwe:
coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel, copper, iron
ore, vanadium, lithium, tin, platinum group metals
Taiwan:
small deposits of coal, natural gas, limestone, marble, and
asbestos
======================================================================
@Net migration rate
Afghanistan:
11.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Albania:
-3.69 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Algeria:
-0.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
American Samoa:
3.58 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Andorra:
6.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Angola:
-0.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Anguilla:
17.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda:
-6.27 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Argentina:
0.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Armenia:
-3.87 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Aruba:
NEGL
Australia:
4.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Austria:
2.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Azerbaijan:
-5.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Bahamas, The:
-2.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Bahrain:
1.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Bangladesh:
-0.76 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Barbados:
-0.32 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Belarus:
2.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Belgium:
0.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Belize:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Benin:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Bermuda:
2.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Bhutan:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Bolivia:
-1.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina:
8.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Botswana:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Brazil:
-0.03 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
British Virgin Islands:
11.39 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Brunei:
4.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Bulgaria:
-4.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Burkina Faso:
-0.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Burma:
-1.84 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Burundi:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Cambodia:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Cameroon:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) NA
migrant(s)/1,000 population
Canada:
6.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Cape Verde:
-12.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Cayman Islands:
12.58 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
note: major destination for Cubans trying to migrate to the US
Central African Republic:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Chad:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Chile:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
China:
-0.39 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Christmas Island:
NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Cocos (Keeling) Islands:
NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Colombia:
-0.33 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Comoros:
NEGL migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
0.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population
(2001 est.)
note: one million refugees fled into Zaire (now called the
Democratic Republic of the Congo or DROC) in 1994 to escape the
fighting between the Hutus and the Tutsis; fighting in the DROC
between rebels and government forces in October 1996 caused 875,000
refugees to return to Rwanda in late 1996 and early 1997; an
additional 173,000 Rwandan refugees disappeared in early 1997 and
are assumed to have been killed by Zairian forces; fighting between
the Congolese government and Uganda- and Rwanda-backed Congolese
rebels spawned a regional war in DROC in August 1998, which left 1.8
million Congolese displaced in DROC and caused 300,000 Congolese
refugees to flee to surrounding countries
Congo, Republic of the:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Costa Rica:
0.53 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire:
1.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
note: after Liberia's civil war started in 1990, more than 350,000
refugees fled to Cote d'Ivoire; by the end of 1999 most Liberian
refugees were assumed to have returned
Croatia:
13.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Cuba:
-1.36 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Cyprus:
0.44 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Czech Republic:
0.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Denmark:
1.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Djibouti:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Dominica:
-20.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Dominican Republic:
-3.81 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Ecuador:
-0.55 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Egypt:
-0.24 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
El Salvador:
-3.95 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Equatorial Guinea:
NEGL migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Eritrea:
7.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
note: according to the UNHCR, about 150,000 Eritrean refugees in
Sudan have registered for voluntary repatriation, following the
restoration of diplomatic relations between Eritrea and Sudan in
January 2000
Estonia:
-0.76 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Ethiopia:
0.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
note: repatriation of Ethiopians who fled to Sudan for refuge from
war and famine in earlier years is expected to continue for several
years; small numbers of Sudanese and Somali refugees, who fled to
Ethiopia from the fighting or famine in their own countries,
continue to return to their homes
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):
NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Faroe Islands:
2.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Fiji:
-3.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Finland:
0.61 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
France:
0.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
French Guiana:
10.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
French Polynesia:
3.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Gabon:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Gambia, The:
2.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Gaza Strip:
1.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Georgia:
-2.48 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Germany:
4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Ghana:
-0.83 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Gibraltar:
NEGL migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Greece:
1.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Greenland:
-8.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Grenada:
-15.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Guadeloupe:
-0.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Guam:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Guatemala:
-1.84 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Guernsey:
3.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Guinea:
-2.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
note: as a result of civil war in neighboring countries, Guinea is
host to almost half a million Liberian and Sierra Leonean refugees
Guinea-Bissau:
-1.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Guyana:
-8.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Haiti:
-2.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Honduras:
-2.12 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Hong Kong:
7.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Hungary:
0.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Iceland:
-2.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
India:
-0.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Indonesia:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Iran:
-4.51 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Iraq:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Ireland:
4.69 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Israel:
2.85 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Italy:
1.73 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Jamaica:
-7.52 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Japan:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Jersey:
2.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Jordan:
7.18 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Kazakhstan:
-6.43 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Kenya:
-1.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
note: according to UNHCR, by the end of 1999 Kenya was host to
223,700 refugees from neighboring countries, including: Somalia
141,000 and Sudan 64,250
Kiribati:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Korea, North:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Korea, South:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Kuwait:
14.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Kyrgyzstan:
-2.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Laos:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Latvia:
-1.27 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Lebanon:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Lesotho:
-0.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Liberia:
-11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
note: by the end of 1999, all Liberian refugees, who had fled the
domestic strife, were assumed to have returned
Libya:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)