under the Norman kings, ii. 104;
under Richard I., i. 264, 350;
under John, 330, 322, 351;
regulated by Great Charter, 351; ii. 105, 145;
under Edward III., 291;
Wolsey's plans of, iii. 245, 246;
character under Elizabeth, iv. 233;
Parliament regains control over, vii. 60, 61;
during the French war, viii. 114, 137;
arbitrary, abolished, v. 352;
indirect, its introduction and growth, ii. 105;
of personal property, i. 257; ii. 105;
of boroughs, 152, 153;
of wool, 107;
of America, schemes for, vii. 311, 326; viii. 3, 4, 14;
papal, of the clergy, ii. 42
Taylor, Jeremy, vi. 134-137, 326
Taylor, Rowland, iv. 92-94
Teignmouth burnt by the French, vii. 76
Temple, Richard Grenville, second Earl, vii. 250, 304, 328, 339
Temple, Sir Peter, v. 323
Temple, Sir William,
ambassador at Brussels, vi. 227;
at the Hague, 249;
Secretary of State, 301;
reorganizes the council, 302-304;
opposes the Exclusion, 307, 311;
retires from politics, 315;
assents to the Exclusion, 319;
his _Memoirs_, 157
Tenchebray, battle of, i. 202
Testament, the New, Erasmus's edition of, iii. 213, 215
Tewkesbury, battle of, iii. 144, 145
Thames entered by northmen, i. 116
Thanes, gild of, at Canterbury, i. 299
Thanet,
Jutes land in, i. 31, 32;
Augustine lands in, 57, 58
Thanet, Thomas Tufton, sixth Earl of, vii. 23
Theatre, first public, in London, v. 22
Thegns, i. 50-52;
of the royal household, 132
Theobald, Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 223;
legate, 225;
his policy, 226, 227;
study of law in his court, 283;
retires from politics, 232;
dies, 234
Theodore, Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 81, 83, 84;
his school at Canterbury, 92
Theology, revived study of, in thirteenth century, ii. 13, 14
"Theow," the, i. 322
Thirty Years' War, its beginning, v. 217, 219;
its end, vi. 113
Thomas of Canterbury, St. _See_ Beket
"Thorough," Stafford's, v. 292
Throckmorton, Sir Nicholas, iv. 175
Thurlow's _State Papers_, v. 73
Thurstan, Archbishop of York, i. 217
Ticonderoga, Fort, vii. 244, 266, 267
Tilbury, muster at, iv. 357, 359
Tillotson, John, vi. 169, 252; vii. 19;
Archbishop of Canterbury, 65
Tilly, Count, v. 232
Tilsit, peace of, viii. 175
Tin,
export of, from Cornwall, iv. 279;
mines, i. 30; ii. 107
Tippermuir, battle of, vi. 23
Tippoo, Sultan of Mysore, viii. 131, 140
Tithes, introduction of, i. 84
Tithing, i. 322
Titus Livius, his _Gesta Henrici V._, ii. 179; iii. 41
Tone, Wolfe, viii. 120
Torbay, William of Orange lands at, vii. 40
Torgau, battle of, vii. 302
"Tories,"
origin of the name, vi. 315;
their policy in 1689, vii. 45, 46;
attack Marlborough, 138;
their helplessness, 166, 167;
withdraw from politics, 167, 168;
return, 299;
oppose the abolition of the slave-trade, viii. 179;
govern during the war with Napoleon, _ib._, 180
Torres Vedras, Wellington's defence of, viii. 190
Torrington, Arthur Herbert, Earl of. _See_ Herbert
Tortulf the Forester, i. 209
Tostig, Earl of Northumbria, 153, 160-162
Toulon, revolt of, viii. 109
Toulouse,
battle of, viii. 202;
war of, i. 233, 234
Touraine
conquered by the Angevins, i. 212;
by Philip Augustus, 269;
ceded to France, ii. 63
Tournaments under Edward III., ii. 251
Tournay besieged by Edward III., ii. 228
Tours
won by Geoffry Martel, i. 212;
by Philip Augustus, 258;
council of, 235
Tourville, Admiral, vii. 75, 78
Towns, English,
their origin, i. 294, 295;
early constitution, 296;
common lands, _ib._;
relation to their lords, _ib._, 297;
administration of justice in, 297, 313;
emancipation, 300-302;
struggle of classes in, 315-318;
their liberties secured by Great Charter, 352;
settlement of Friars in, ii. 10, 11;
support Simon de Montfort, 68, 69;
represented in county court, 73;
representatives of, summoned to Parliament, _ib._;
taxation of, 152, 153;
forced labour in, 257;
strikes and combinations in, 267;
support the House of York, iii. 76;
restriction of franchise in, 99-101;
Charles II.'s dealings with, vii. 3.
_See_ Boroughs
Townshend, Charles, second Viscount,
Secretary of State and Prime Minister, vii. 182, 189;
resigns, 190;
returns to office, 191;
Secretary again under Walpole, 193;
turned out, 203
Townshend, Charles, vii. 247;
takes office under Pitt, 250;
deserts him, 303;
President of Board of Trade, 310;
refuses office under Grenville, 315;
accepts it again under Chatham, 341;
Chancellor of the Exchequer, viii. 3;
death, 4
Townshend's _Journal of Parliamentary Proceedings_, iv. 5
Township, the Old English, i. 11
Towton, battle of, iii. 79, 80
Trade, English,
under Eadgar, i. 138;
growth after Norman Conquest, 177;
regulated by Great Charter, 352;
under Edward I., ii. 106, 107, 122;
Richard's II.'s care for, 355;
increase in fifteenth century, iii. 106;
Edward's IV.'s laws for protection of, _ib._;
growth under Richard III., iv. 282;
under Henry VII., _ib._;
under Elizabeth, 279-283; v. 77;
struggle of the Commons for its freedom, 57, 58;
Parliament gains control over, vii. 63;
foreign, regulated by Statute of Staples, ii. 292;
extension under Charles I., v. 281;
effects of the Continental System on, viii. 177;
effect of the American embargo on, 183;
growth during the French war, 194;
with English colonies in America, monopoly of, vii. 195, 241;
with India, vii. 232;
with Spanish America, 192, 216;
Board of, established, 89.
_See_ Iron, Tin, Wool, Slave
Trade and Plantations, Board for, vii. 240
Trade-gilds, i. 316-318
Trafalgar, battle of, viii. 173
"Trail-bastons," ii. 116
Treasurer, the,
origin of his office, i. 132;
right of appointing, claimed for Great Council, ii. 38
Treaties, commercial,
with Florence, iv. 282;
with France, viii. 79
Trent, Council of, iv. 32, 35, 36;
dispersed, 51;
reassembles, 64;
breaks up again, 65;
reassembled again, 192
Tresham, Francis, v. 159
Tresilian, Chief-Justice, ii. 353
Trevanion, Sir John, vi. 6
Trevisa, John of, ii. 357
Trichinopoly, Clive's relief of, vii. 235
Triploe Heath, meeting of the army at, vi. 52
Tristram,
story of, i. 247;
rimes of, ii. 360
Trivet's _Annals_, i. 274
Trokelowe's _Annals_, ii. 177
Tromp, Martin, vi. 86, 88, 115
Tromp, Cornelius, vi. 277
Troyes, treaty of, iii. 35
Trussel, Sir William, ii. 199
Tudor, Edmund. _See_ Richmond
Tudor, Henry. _See_ Henry VII.
Tudor, Jasper, Earl of Pembroke, iii. 132, 143, 165
Tudor, Owen, iii. 165
"Tulchan-bishops," v. 137
"Tun," the, i. 11, 295
Tunstall, Cuthbert, iii. 256
Turenne, Marshal, vi. 124
Turgot, annalist of Durham, i. 243
Turin, siege of, vii. 131
Turkey, schemes for its partition, viii. 161, 162
Turks capture Constantinople, iii. 189
Turner, Sir James, v. 73
Tyburn, Roger Mortimer beheaded at, ii. 207
Tyler, Walter, ii. 319, 321, 323
Tyndale, William, iii. 258, 259
Tyrconnell, Richard Talbot, first Earl and Duke of, vii. 17, 55-57
Tyrone, rising in, v. 62
Tyrone, Con O'Neill, first Earl of, iv. 110, 240
Udall, John, iv. 343
Ulm, capitulation of, viii. 173
Ulster,
John de Courcy in, ii. 374;
rising in, under Hugh O'Neill, v. 61, 62;
colonization of, 288, 289
Universities,
rise of, i. 282;
their cosmopolitan spirit, 290;
democratic constitution, 291;
relations with the Church, 292, 293;
Friars at, ii. 13;
revival of theology at, _ib._, 14;
English, their decline during Wars of the Roses, iii. 98;
the New Learning at, 201, 202;
Henry VIII.'s appeal to, 291, 292;
decline under Edward VI., iv. 62;
James II.'s dealings with, vii. 24-26
Urban V., Pope, ii. 275
Uriconium burnt by the West Saxons, i. 38
Usher, Archbishop of Armagh, v. 290, 353; vi. 199
Utrecht,
treaty of, vii. 141;
Union of, iv. 312
Uxbridge, negotiations at, vi. 38
Vacarius, i. 283, 285
Valence, Aymer de, Bishop of Winchester, ii. 33
Valence, Aymer de, Earl of Pembroke, ii. 174, 183
Valence, William de, Earl of Pembroke, ii. 33
Val-ès-Dunes, battle of, i. 158
Valois, Charles of, ii. 208
Vane, Sir Harry, the elder, vi. 102
Vane, Sir Harry (the younger),
leader of the Independents, v. 354; vi. 45;
negotiates with Scotland, 14, 108;
opposes ordinance against heresy, 60;
re-creates a navy, 78;
his policy, 86, 89;
attacks the Protectorate, 148;
exempted from pardon, 195;
executed, 204
Vannes, Henry of Lancaster sails from, ii. 373
Varangians, i. 167
Varaville, battle of, i. 158
Vassy, massacre of Protestants at, iv. 208
Vaudois, massacre of, vi. 123
Vendôme, Louis Joseph, Duke of, vii. 134
Venner, leader of Fifth-Monarchy men, vi. 182
Verden, quarrel about, vii. 188, 189
Vere, Robert de (third Earl of Oxford), i. 343
Vere, Robert de (ninth Earl of Oxford), ii. 350, 351, 353;
Duke of Ireland, 377
Vere, Sir Horace, v. 219
Vergil, Polydore, ii. 180
Verneuil, battle of, iii. 39
Verney, Sir Edmund, v. 369
Verney, Sir Ralph, v. 72
Vernon, Admiral, vii. 219, 221
Vervins, treaty of, v. 60, 62
Vesci, Eustace de, i, 335, 347
Vienne, John de, ii. 349
Village, the English, i. 10, 11;
its organization after the Norman Conquest, 322
Villars, Marshal, vii. 134
Villenage
unknown in Kent, ii. 320;
demand for its abolition in the eastern counties, 321;
dies out, 333; iii. 65
Villeneuve, Admiral, viii. 172
Villeins, i. 133, 321-323;
their relations with the lord, 323-325;
rise into yeomen, ii. 240, 241;
attempts to check their enfranchisement, 256, 257, 266, 267, 335;
revolt of, _see_ Peasant Revolt
Villeroy, Duke of, vii. 125, 126
Villiers, George, v. 207-210.
_See_ Buckingham
Vimiera, battle of, viii. 187
Vinegar Hill, battle of, viii. 130
Virginia discovered, iv. 345;
settled, v. 307, 308;
heads resistance to the Stamp Act, vii. 330;
remonstrates against taxation, viii. 14;
adheres to England, 20
Vitoria, battle of, viii. 202
Voltaire, his visit to England, vii. 152
Volunteers, the Irish, viii. 37
Wace, i. 174, 247
Wake, Baldwin, ii. 84, 86
Wakefield, battle of, iii. 78
Walcourt, skirmish at, vii. 50
Walcheren, English expedition to, viii. 188
Walden, Roger, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 371
Wales,
sources of its early history, i. 7;
its struggle with Mercia, ii. 46;
subject to the West Saxon kings, _ib._;
Harold's campaign in, i. 153, ii. 47;
William I.'s, i. 189, ii. 47;
William II.'s, i. 198, ii. 48;
Henry I.'s dealings with, 48;
Henry II.'s campaigns in, i. 232; ii. 53, 54;
Gerald de Barri's account of, i. 245, 274;
John's campaigns in, ii. 54, 55;
national revival in, 49-58;
Edward's first campaign in, 59;
outbreaks in, 65, 66;
Edward I.'s annexations in, 109;
conquest of, 119-121;
incorporated with England, 121;
revolts, 142, 143; iii. 9-12;
students from, at Oxford, i. 291;
Council of, v. 168.
_See_ Welsh
Walker, Obadiah, vii. 25
Wall, the Roman, i. 30
Wallace, William, ii. 167-169, 171
Wallenstein, v. 274
Waller, Edmund, vi. 325
Waller, Sir William,
defeated at Lansdowne Hill and Roundway Down, vi. 6;
his reception by the Parliament, 13;
joins Essex, 18, 19;
defeated at Cropredy bridge, 22;
retires, 35
Wallingford, treaty of, i. 227
Wallington, Nehemiah, v. 72, 73, 94
Wallis, Dr. John, vi. 132
Wallis, Captain, vii. 277
Walloons, fugitive Protestant, in England, iv. 51, 58
Walpole, Robert, vii. 134;
his temper, 178;
policy, 179-181;
in the Townshend ministry, 182;
resigns, 190;
defeats the Peerage Bill, 191;
returns to office, _ib._;
head of the Government, 192, 193;
his peace policy, 193, 194;
finance, 195, 196;
his policy of inaction, 197;
towards Catholics and Nonconformists, 198;
relations with George II., 200;
Excise Bill, 195, 201-203;
his jealousy of his colleagues, 203;
strives to avoid war, 215, 217;
loss of his power, 218;
consents to war with Spain, _ib._;
plans of alliance with Russia and Prussia, 220;
fall, 222;
rejects the project for an American Excise, 241
Walsingham, Sir Francis, iv. 119; v. 63
Walsingham's _History_, i. 274; ii. 177, 179; iii. 98
Walter of Coutances, Archbishop of Rouen, i. 260, 261, 266
Walter of Coventry, i. 273
Walters, Lucy, vi. 176
Walworth, William, ii. 312, 323
Wanborough, battle of, i. 90
Warbeck, Perkin, iii. 180, 181, 184, 185, 187
Ward, Dr. Seth, vi. 132
Wareham, northmen encamp at, i. 106
Warenne, William, sixth Earl of, i. 345
Warenne and Surrey, John, seventh Earl of, ii. 117
Warenne and Surrey, John, eighth Earl of, ii. 162, 168
Warham, William, Archbishop of Canterbury,
his patronage of the New Learning, iii. 196-198;
protects Colet, 204;
helps Erasmus, 212, 215;
the seals offered to, 289;
death, 303
Warner's _Albion's England_, v. 35
Warwick, Guy Beauchamp, second Earl of, ii. 187, 190
Warwick, Thomas Beauchamp, fourth Earl of, ii. 353, 370, 371
Warwick, John Dudley, Earl of (_see_ Lisle), iv. 47;
puts down revolt in Norfolk, 56;
Protector, 57.
_See_ Northumberland
Warwick, Richard Neville, Earl of, iii. 73, 75;
defeated at St. Albans, 79;
victor at Towton, _ib._, 80;
his greatness, 112, 113, 118;
character, 114, 115;
policy, 119, 122;
negotiations with Lewis XI., 123, 124;
rivalry with the Woodvilles, 127;
mission to France, 129;
estranged from Edward, 131;
submits to him, 132;
intrigues with Clarence, 133;
revolts, 134, 135;
repulsed from Calais, 135;
difficulties with Burgundy, 136;
alliance with the Lancastrians, 137;
lands at Dartmouth, 138;
restores Henry VI., 139;
slain, 142
Warwick, Edward Plantagenet, Earl of, iii. 175, 187
Warwick, Robert Rich, second Earl of,
resists a forced loan, v. 255;
plans to emigrate, 319;
put in command of the fleet, 378
Warwick, Sir Philip, v. 72
Washington, George,
his attack on Duquesne, vii. 243;
takes it, 266;
his influence in Virginia, viii. 15;
his character, 21, 22;
his defence of Boston, 23;
evacuates New York, etc., 24;
his campaign of 1777, 25;
forces Cornwallis to surrender, 32
Washington city burnt by the English, viii. 204
"Water-beggars," the, iv. 298
Waterford besieged by Cromwell, vi. 77
Waterloo, battle of, viii. 208-211
Watling Street, i. 120
Watt, James, viii. 58
_Waverley, Annals of_, i. 273
Waynflete, Bishop of Winchester, iii. 66
Weald, iron-mines in the, ii. 107
Wearmouth,
Benedict Biscop's abbey at, i. 91, 92;
plundered by northmen, 101
Weavers,
gild of, i. 317;
Flemish, in England under Edward III., ii. 226
Wedmore, Peace of, i. 107
Weights, uniformity of, enacted by Great Charter, i. 352
Welles, Sir Robert, iii. 135
Wellesley, Sir Arthur,
his campaigns in Spain and Portugal, viii. 186, 188.
_See_ Wellington
Wellesley, Richard, Marquis (_see_ Mornington), viii. 140;
his devotion to Pitt, 71;
words on Pitt's death, 174;
Foreign Secretary, 189
Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, first Viscount and Duke of (_see_
Wellesley),
his campaigns in Spain and Portugal, viii. 190, 191, 199, 200, 202;
enters France, 202;
campaign in Belgium, 207-211
Welsh, the,
defeated by Cenwealh, i. 87;
by Offa, 97;
league with Scots and Cumbrians against Æthelstan, 119;
rise against Æthelred II., 139;
subdued by Harold, 153; ii. 47;
rise against William I., i. 167;
against John, 333, 334; ii. 55;
national revival, 49-58;
ravage Shropshire, iii. 19;
Oxford students join Owen Glyndwr, 11;
North, tributary to Æthelstan, i. 119, 120;
West, become vassals of Æthelstan, i. 120;
driven from Exeter, _ib._
_See_ Britons, Wales
Welwood's _Memoirs_, vi. 158
Wendover, Roger of, i. 273; ii. 43
Wentworth, Paul, iv. 238
Wentworth, Peter, v. 56
Wentworth, Thomas,
member for Yorkshire, v. 195, 260, 282-284;
policy and character, 285-287;
Deputy in Ireland, 290;
his rule there, 290-292, 364, 365;
returns, 338.
_See_ Strafford
Wenzel of Bohemia, king of the Romans, ii. 348
Wesley, Charles, vii. 207
Wesley, John, vii. 207-210
Wessex,
its power under Ceawlin and Cuthwulf, i. 56;
fall, _ib._;
attacked by Eadwine, 63;
subdued, 64;
greatness under Ine, 89, 90;
civil strife in, 90;
subject to Mercia, _ib._, 91;
rises against Æthelbald, 96;
anarchy in, 97;
greatness under Ecgberht, 102;
attacked by northmen, 103, 105, 106;
revival under Ælfred, 107, 112, 113;
submits to Swein, 143;
to Cnut, _ib._;
its Golden Dragon standard, 96, 163;
earldom of, 146.
_See_ West Saxons
Westfold, Harald of, i. 128
West Indian Company, vi. 223
West Indies, English conquests in, vii. 307
Westminster, Eadward the Confessor's abbey at, i. 149;
rebuilt by Henry III. ii. 25;
completed under Edward I., 106;
William I. crowned at, i. 166;
the Scotch coronation stone removed to, ii. 162;
refounded by Mary, iv. 106;
Henry VII.'s chapel in, iii. 174;
Assembly of Divines at, vi. 30;
Caxton's press at, iii. 156;
chapel of St. Stephen at, ii. 290;
Chaucer's home at, 366;
the Jerusalem Chamber at, iii. 25;
Parliament fixed at, ii. 158;
Provisions of, 62;
Statutes of, 103, 122, 124
"Westminster, Matthew of," ii. 43
Westmoreland, Ralph Neville, first Earl of, iii. 14, 18
Westmoreland, Ralph Neville, fourth Earl of, iii. 323
Westmoreland, Henry Neville, fifth Earl of, iv. 162
Westmoreland, Charles Neville, sixth Earl of, iv. 268, 269
Weston, Lord Treasurer, v. 265;
Earl of Portland, 276;
revives monopolies, 279;
success of his financial measures, 280;
death, 315
Westphalia,
kingdom of, viii. 185;
treaty of, vi. 113, 187
West Saxons,
foundation of their kingdom, i. 34;
defeated by Arthur, _ib._;
defeated in a raid upon Chester, 38;
take Old Sarum, 37;
conquer Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire, _ib._;
victory at Deorham, 38, 61;
burn Uriconium, 38;
driven back across Thames, 85;
advance to south-west, 87;
defeated at Bensington, 98.
_See_ Wessex
Wexford, massacre at, vi. 77;
revolt at, viii. 129
Wharton, Philip, fourth Lord, v. 343; vi. 288;
member of the Junto, viii. 85;
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 133;
death, 181
Whethamstede, Abbot of St. Albans, iii. 40
"Whiggamore Raid," vi. 62
"Whigs,"
origin of the name, vi. 62, 315;
their policy in 1689, vii. 45;
struggle with Marlborough and Anne, 132, 133;
refuse peace, 136;
dismissed from office, 139;
invite Marlborough's aid, 145;
their relations with the Church, 169;
with the Crown, 172, 174;
with Parliament, 175, 176;
fidelity to the principles of the Revolution, 177;
relations with public opinion, 289;
with Pitt, 301;
the "Old," viii. 104;
in Scotland, their outrages, vii. 16
White, Sir Thomas, iv. 157
Whitefield, George, vii. 205, 209
Whitehall built, iii. 236
Whitelock, Bulstrode, v. 306, 322, 323;
his _Memoirs_, 72
_White Ship_, wreck of the, i. 207, 208
Whitby (Streoneshealh),
Hild's abbey at, i. 77;
synod of, 79, 80;
its effect on England, 80, 81
Whitgift, Archbishop of Canterbury, iv. 341, 343; v. 58;
his Articles, iv. 341, 342; v. 115, 116;
Strype's _Life of_, iv. 4
Whittingham, Dean of Durham, iv. 127
Wight, Isle of, annexed to Sussex, i. 85
Wilberforce, William, viii. 48, 52
Wilfrid, St., i. 79, 92;
Eddi's _Life of_, 4
Wilkes, John, vii. 249;
his services to the Constitution, 313;
attacks the Government in the _North Briton_, 314, 317, 318;
arrested, 318;
prosecuted for libel, _ib._;
flies to France, _ib._;
returned for Middlesex, viii. 5;
imprisoned, 6;
struggle with the Government, 7;
with the House of Commons, _ib._, 8;
his proposal for Parliamentary reform, 75
Wilkins, Dr. John, vi. 132, 166
William the Conqueror,
duke of Normandy, i. 157;
visits England, 158;
subdues Maine and Britanny, _ib._;
his claim on England, 160;
lands at Pevensey, 162;
exploits at Senlac, 163, 164;
chosen king, 165;
crowned, 166;
returns to Normandy, 167;
risings against him, _ib._, 168;
his vengeance on the north, 168, 169;
march on Chester, 169, 179;
master of England, 170;
receives the Scot king's fealty, _ib._;
his character, 178, 179;
rule, 179-181;
dealings with feudalism, 181-185;
with Old English judicial and administrative organization, 185;
finance, 186;
dealings with the Church, 187, 188;
with Wales, 189; ii. 47;
suppresses slave-trade at Bristol, i. 250;
last war and death, 190
William the Red,
king, i. 191;
revolts against him, _ib._, 192;
his rule, 192;
dealings with the barons, 193;
with the Church, _ib._;
with Anselm, 196;
with Normandy and Scotland, 197;
with Wales, 198; ii. 48;
death, i. 198
William III.,
Prince of Orange, vi. 225;
his youth, 269;
repels the French invasion of Holland, 270, 277;
his diplomatic success, 277;
plans for his marriage, 283;
defeated at Cassel, 289;
marriage, 290;
plans the Grand Alliance, 317;
policy in England, _ib._, 318;
visits England, 334;
shelters Monmouth, vii. 8;
forbidden to visit England, 12;
relations with James II., 26-28;
invited to England, 35;
his preparations, 37;
lands at Torbay, 40;
his advance, 42;
enters London, 44;
calls a Convention, _ib._;
declines to be Regent, 46;
the Crown offered to, 47;
he accepts it, 48;
his foreign aims, _ib._;
dealings with Scotland, 51;
signs the warrant for the massacre of Glencoe, 53;
relations with Parliament, 62, 63, 66, 69;
campaign in Ireland, 71;
goes to Flanders, 76;
defeated at Steinkirk, 79;
struggle with the Commons, 81, 82;
treaty with Lewis, 90, 91;
policy as to the Spanish succession, 92, 93;
his unpopularity, 95;
forced to send home his Dutch guards, 97;
forms a new Grand Alliance, 107;
his relations with Marlborough and Anne, 110;
death, 112
William the Ætheling, i. 207
William the Lion, king of Scots, i. 255, 259; ii. 134
William Longsword, duke of Normandy, i. 155
William, son of Robert of Normandy, i. 203, 208, 213, 214
William of Jumièges, i. 6
William of the Long Beard, i. 319, 320
Williams, Bishop of Lincoln, v. 255, 353, 371
Williams, Roger, v. 312, 313
Willis, Thomas, vi. 166
Willoughby, Hugh, iv. 282; v. 9
Wiltshire, rising in, iii. 67
Wiltshire, Thomas Boleyn, Earl of, iii. 291.
_See_ Boleyn
Wiltshire, William Scrope, Earl of, iii. 18
Winceby, skirmish at, vi. 33
Winchelsey, Archbishop of Canterbury,
opposes Edward I., ii. 163, 165, 170;
head of the "Ordainers," 188
Winchester
surrendered to William the Conqueror, i. 165;
welcomes Stephen, 215;
battle at, 220;
pillaged by the younger Simon de Montfort, ii. 82;
marriage of Philip and Mary at, iv. 86;
Ælfred's abbey at, i. 113;
Wykeham's college at, ii. 307;
the royal hoard at, 180, 188;
Parliament at, ii. 66, 80, 82
Winchester, William Paulet, first marquis of, iv. 65
Winchester, John Paulet, fifth marquis of, vi. 42
Winchester, Charles Paulet, sixth marquis of, vii. 37
Windebank, Secretary of State, v. 351
Windham, William, viii. 104, 156, 171
Windsor Castle
seized by John, i. 261;
surrendered by Edward to the barons, ii. 67;
rebuilt by Edward III., 252
Winter, Admiral De, viii. 127
Winthrop, John, v. 311, 313
Winwæd, battle of, i. 72, 73
Wippedsfleet, battle of, i. 33
Wishart, George, iv. 112
Witchcraft,
belief in, v. 105;
statute against, 105, 106;
Puritan action against, 106, 107
Witenagemot, the, i. 19, 132, 134, 135
Wither, George, v. 303
Witt, John de, vi. 242, 249, 268, 269
Wolsey, Thomas,
his rise, iii. 230;
policy, 231;
greatness, 236;
his industry, 237;
legate, 238;
negotiations with Francis and Charles, 240, 243;
hopes of the Papacy, 240, 241, 249;
revives benevolences, 244, 251;
demands a forced loan, 244;
struggle with the Commons, 245;
with the clergy, 246;
his power shaken, 253;
attitude towards Lutheranism, 261, 263;
founds Cardinal College, 202, 263;
action in the king's divorce, 269, 270;
embassy to France, 271;
negotiations with the Pope, _ib._, 272;
his unpopularity, 273;
commissioner for the divorce, 272;
his fall, 279, 280;
suppresses monasteries, 311;
arrested, 292;
death, 293;
Cavendish's _Life of_, 83
Woodstock, Edmund, earl of, ii. 293
Woodstock, Thomas of, ii. 293.
_See_ Gloucester
Woodville, Elizabeth, wife of Edward IV., iii. 124, 167, 168, 171, 176
Woodville, Sir Richard, iii. 124.
_See_ Rivers
Woodward, John, vi. 167
Wool,
grants of, by Parliament to the king, ii. 230;
taxation of, 107, 164, 298;
trade in, under Edward I., 107;
under Edward III., 226;
monopolized by him, 229;
in the eighteenth century, viii. 53
Woolsack, the Lord Chancellor's, ii. 226
Worcester,
rising at, under Harthacnut, i. 148;
threatened by Owen Glyndwr, iii. 18
Worcester, Thomas Percy, earl of, iii. 13, 14
Worcester, John Tiptoft, earl of, iii. 162
Worcester, William of, ii. 179; iii. 40
Worcestershire, salt springs in, ii. 107
Wordsworth, William, viii. 135
Worms,
diet at, iii. 254;
Tyndale at, 260
Worsted trade, iv. 279
Wriothesley, Lord Chancellor, iv. 46.
_See_ Southampton
Wulfhere, king of Mercia, i. 78, 85-87
Wulfstan, St., bishop of Worcester, i. 192, 250
Wulfstan explores the coast of Esthonia, i. 113
Wurmser, General, viii. 123
Wyatt, Sir Thomas, the elder, iv. 42
Wyatt, Sir Thomas, the younger, iv. 82, 84, 85
Wycherly, William, vi. 157, 163