_Dunstable, Annals of_, i. 273
Dunstan, St., i. 120-123;
his struggle with Eadwig, 136;
Archbishop of Canterbury, 137;
policy and rule, _ib._, 138;
fall, 139;
_Lives of_, 6
Durham,
historians of, i. 243;
King John at, 340
Durie, John, v. 138
Eadberht, king of Northumbria, i. 96, 97
Eadgar, King, i. 137, 138;
his Law, 144
Eadgar, king of Scots, i. 197
Eadgar, the Ætheling, i. 154, 165, 168, 170, 197
Eadgyth, wife of Eadward the Confessor, i. 150, 165
Eadmer, i. 173, 243
Eadmund, St., king of East Anglia, i. 104
Eadmund (the Magnificent), King, i. 120, 122, 123
Eadmund Ironside, King, i. 143;
his children, 144, 153
Eadred, King, i. 123, 136
Eadric, ealdorman of Mercia, i. 142-144
Eadward the Elder, King, i. 117-119, 305
Eadward the Martyr, King, i. 139
Eadward the Confessor, King, i, 149-153, 158, 160;
his Laws, 150, 199, 340;
_Life of_, 6
Eadwig, King, i. 136, 137
Eadwig, son of Æthelred II., i. 144
Eadwine, king of Northumbria, i. 62-64, 66
Eadwine, earl of Mercia, i. 160, 165, 167, 170
Eadwulf, earl of Northumbria, i. 146
Ealdorman, the,
his office, i. 48, 49;
becomes a delegate of the king, 131;
rises again to independence, 134;
replaced by the earl, 146
Ealdred, Archbishop of York, i. 166
Earl, the, i. 11, 50;
superseded by the thegn, 51
Earldoms,
the four great, i. 146;
abolished, 185
Earls supersede ealdormen, i. 146
East Anglia,
its conquest, i. 36;
Christianity in, 59;
subject to Mercia, 91;
revolts, 102;
conquered by the northmen, 104;
bridled by Eadward the Elder, 117, 118;
earldom of, 146;
Protestant martyrs in, iv. 96
"Easterlings," i. 303
Eastern Counties, Association of the, vi. 8, 13
East India Company, iv. 284; vii. 63, 232
East-Saxons,
their settlement, i. 35;
conversion, 59
Ebbsfleet, i. 31, 32, 58
Ecclesiastical Courts separated from civil Courts, i. 188
Ecgberht, king of Wessex, i. 101-103
Ecgfrith, king of Northumbria, i. 86-89
Ecgwine, Bishop of Worcester, i. 86
Eddi's _Life of Wilfrid_, i. 4
Edgecote, battle of, iii. 134
Edgehill, battle of, vi. 3
Edinburgh
founded, i. 63;
seat of the Scot kings, 147;
won by Bruce, ii. 191;
burnt by the English, iv. 28;
castle of, besieged by Henry IV., iii. 9;
treaty of, iv. 176;
riot at, against the new Liturgy, v. 328;
the Covenant signed at, 333;
rises against James VII., vii. 50;
"James the Eighth" proclaimed at, 228
_Edinburgh Review_, the, viii. 195
Edington, battle of, i. 107
Edith. _See_ Matilda
Edmund Rich, St., i. 287-289;
Archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 33;
obtains dismissal of Peter des Roches, _ib._;
dealings with Llewelyn ap Jorwerth, 58;
retires to Pontigny, 42
Edmund Crouchback, Earl of Lancaster, son of Henry III., ii. 59, 82,
87, 187, 188
Edmund, Earl of Woodstock, ii. 293
Edward (I.), son of Henry III.,
defeated by the Welsh, ii. 59;
joins Earl Simon, 64, 65;
rejoins Henry, 65;
marches against Llewelyn, 67;
surrenders Windsor, _ib._;
attempts to surprise London, 70;
share in battle of Lewes, _ib._;
prisoner, 71;
escapes, 75;
seizes Gloucester, 76;
defeats the younger Simon, _ib._;
meets Simon at Evesham, 77;
attitude after the battle, 81;
marches against Axholme, 85;
negotiations for peace, _ib._;
captures Adam Gurdon, 87;
effects off his influence, 89;
goes on Crusade, 90;
King, _ib._;
his motto, 41;
his temper, 91-93;
influence of chivalry on, 94, 95;
spirit of legality, 96;
moral temper, 97;
military skill, _ib._, 98;
political genius, 98, 99;
constitutional aspect of his reign, 100, 101;
first measures, 102, 103;
progress of art and trade in his reign, 105-107;
brings Llewelyn to submission, 108, 109;
judicial reforms, 109-113;
policy towards the barons, 116, 117;
towards the Church, 118, 119;
conquest of Wales, 119-121;
legislation, 122-124;
visit to Aquitaine, 123;
expels the Jews, 131;
relations with Scotland, 135-140;
quarrel with France, 141, 142;
summons Scotch barons to war in Guienne, 143;
admits burgesses to Parliament, 154;
his scheme for representation of clergy in Parliament, 157;
storms Berwick, 160, 161;
Scotland submits to, 161, 162;
struggle with the clergy, 163;
exactions from merchants, 164;
quarrel with barons, 164, 165;
goes to Flanders, 165;
confirms the Charters, _ib._, 166, 170;
truce with France, 168;
victory at Falkirk, 169;
treaty with France, 170;
second conquest of Scotland, 171;
his "New Custom," 172;
absolved by the Pope from his oath to observe the Charters, _ib._;
his vow on the swan, 173, 174;
death, 174
Edward (II.), son of Edward I., ii. 173, 174;
character and policy, 184-186;
marriage, 186;
relations with Gaveston and the barons, 186-188;
struggle with the Ordainers, 188-191;
marches on Scotland, 191;
defeated at Bannockburn, 192, 193;
accepts the Ordinances, 194;
campaign of 1319, _ib._;
relations with the Despensers, 194, 195;
truce with Scotland, 196;
relations with France, 197, 198;
flies to Lundy Island, 198;
deposed, 199, 200;
murdered, 200;
authorities for his reign, 177
Edward (III.) of Windsor, son of Edward II., ii. 198;
proclaimed king, 199;
arrests Mortimer, 207;
relations with France, 208, 209;
acknowledged as suzerain by Edward Balliol, 211;
takes Berwick, _ib._;
receives Balliol's homage, 212;
declares war on France, 213;
number of his forces, 216;
continental alliances, 216-219;
Vicar-General of the Empire, 219;
negotiations with France, _ib._;
besieges Cambray, 220;
complains of papal exactions, 225;
alliance with Flemish towns, 226, 227;
besieges Tournay, 228;
losses in Scotland, 229, 230;
relations with Parliament, 230-233, 292, 299;
supports John of Montfort in Britanny, 233;
invades Normandy, 235;
marches on Paris, _ib._;
victory at Crécy, 237-239;
causes of his military success, 242, 243;
besieges Calais, 243;
his treatment of the six burgesses, 245-247;
the imperial crown offered to, 248;
his character, 249-251;
founds the Order of the Garter, 252;
rebuilds Windsor Castle, _ib._
alliance with Charles of Navarre, 258;
with David Bruce, 263, 264;
ravages France, 265;
treaty with Burgundy, _ib._;
with the Regent of France, 266;
forbids entry of Papal bulls, 273;
policy in Spain, 287;
truce with Charles V., 288;
his evil rule, 290, 291;
compromise with the Pope, 296;
death, 311
Edward (IV.), Earl of March, iii. 75;
victory at Mortimer's Cross, 78;
King, 80;
his finance, 89, 152;
protection of trade, 106;
his temper, 112, 116-118;
relations with Lewis XI., 120, 121, 123, 124;
marriage, 124;
double-dealing with Lewis and Charles the Bold, 129, 130;
league with Charles, 130;
relations with Warwick, 131-135;
driven out, 139;
returns, 141;
victory at Barnet, 142;
marches against Margaret, 143;
defeats her at Tewkesbury, 144, 145;
new alliance with Charles against Lewis, 148;
invades France, 149;
makes peace with Lewis, 150;
his rule, 151-153;
death, 163
Edward V., King, iii. 163, 167;
More's _Life of_, 83, 218
Edward (VI.), son of Henry VIII.,
born, iii. 326;
scheme for his marriage, iv. 26;
his temper, 67;
"plan" for the succession, 69, 70;
death, 70;
_Journal_, 3;
Hayward's _Life of_, _ib._;
his Grammar Schools, 62
Edward (the Black Prince)
proposed as Count of Flanders, ii. 233;
exploits at Crécy, 237, 238;
ravages Guienne, 259, 260;
campaign on the Loire, 260;
victory at Poitiers, 261-263;
invested with Aquitaine, 281;
supports Pedro the Cruel, 283;
victory at Navarete, 284;
imposes hearth-tax on Aquitaine, _ib._;
summoned by France to answer the Gascon appeal, 285;
storms Limoges, 286;
marriage, 293;
sickness, 286, 302;
action in the Good Parliament, 305;
death, 306
Edward, son of Henry VI., iii. 71, 137, 140, 145
Egypt
conquered by Buonaparte, viii. 132;
the French driven from, 165, 166
_Eikon Basilike_, vi. 72
Elba, Napoleon at, viii. 205
Eleanor of Castille, wife of Edward I., ii. 93
Eleanor of Poitou, wife of Henry II., i. 226;
her claims on Toulouse, 233;
turns against Henry, 254;
imprisoned, 255;
joins Richard in Sicily, 260;
secures Aquitaine for John, 268;
besieged at Mirebeau, _ib._;
dies, 270
Eleanor of Provence, wife of Henry III., ii. 32, 69, 72, 74
Eleanor, daughter of King John, ii. 36
Eliot, John, v. 195, 248, 249;
attacks Buckingham, 249-252;
sent to the Tower, 253;
released, _ib._;
proposes a Remonstrance, 262;
share in the Avowal, 268;
death, 273
Elizabeth, daughter of Henry VIII., iv. 46;
her classical scholarship, iii. 212;
Thomas Seymour's attempt to marry her, iv. 56;
sent to the Tower, 85, 136;
Parliament refuses to oust her from the succession, 89;
her person, 134;
scholarship, _ib._, 135;
relations with Mary, 136;
Philip's policy towards, 137, 138;
set free, 138;
accession, 146;
religious policy, 148-150, 152, 153;
coronation, 153;
refuses to marry Philip, 154;
relations with Paul IV., 155, 156;
her title acknowledged by Parliament, 156;
restores the Prayer-Book, 158, 159;
drops the title "Head of the Church," 160;
dealings with the clergy, 161, 162;
relations with Parker, 165, 166;
with the Scotch Lords of the Congregation, 170, 172-175;
treaty with Mary and Francis, 176;
character, 177-181;
statesmanship, 182-186;
supports the Huguenots, 189;
temporises with Pius IV., 192;
refuses to send envoys to Trent, 193, 194;
schemes for her marriage, 193, 195, 199;
refuses a safe-conduct to Mary Stuart, 200;
difficulties with Mary, 202-204;
treaty with the Huguenots, 209, 210;
with France, 219;
her changes in the system of the monarchy, 232;
policy in Ireland, 240;
drift of her religious policy, 247, 248;
difficulties with Mary and Alva, 257, 258;
demands Mary's release, 259;
refuses to recognize Murray's government, _ib._;
renews marriage negotiations with Austria, 260;
negotiates for Mary's restoration, 262;
her temporizing policy, 264;
bull of deposition against her, 265, 270;
her relations with England, 274, 275, 287-289;
checks the "liberty of prophesying," 290;
relations with Parliament, 292, 293; v. 56-58;
resists Puritan pressure, iv. 293, 294;
scheme for her marriage with Henry of Anjou, 297;
expels the "water-beggars," 298;
attitude towards the Netherlands, 300;
persecutes the Catholics, 308, 309;
alliance with the Netherlands, 311;
scheme for her marriage with Francis of Anjou, 313, 316, 337, 338;
dealings with the Catholics, 319, 320;
relations with Drake, 334;
confers new powers on the Ecclesiastical Commission, 340;
refuses Protectorate of the Netherlands, 349;
sends them aid, _ib._;
alliance with James VI., 350;
plots against her, _ib._;
signs the death-warrant of Mary Stuart, 352;
her victory over party disunion, 364, 365;
sends an expedition to Portugal, 367;
help to Henry IV., 371;
league with France and the Netherlands, v. 60;
her loneliness, 63;
waning popularity, 64, 65;
last days, 65, 66;
death, 67;
materials for her history, iv. 3-5
Elizabeth, Czarina of Russia, vii. 246, 306
Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV., iii. 133, 167, 168, 170, 171;
marries Henry VII., 175
Elizabeth, daughter of James I., v. 210
Elizabeth Woodville. _See_ Woodville
Elizabeth of France, wife of Philip II. of Spain, iv. 372
Ellandun, battle of, i. 102
Elliott, General, viii. 31, 41
Elmet conquered by Eadwine, i. 63
Elmham's _Life of Henry V._, ii. 179
Ely
burnt by northmen, i. 104;
Cnut at, 145;
the Ætheling Ælfred blinded at, 148;
surrenders to William, 170;
seized by the Disinherited, ii. 88
Emma of Normandy, wife of Æthelred II., i. 141, 156
"Emperor's men," the, i. 303
Empson, Sir Richard, iii. 199
Engla-land, i. 138
England, Old, i. 9
England,
character of its settlement, i. 44-48;
work of the northmen in, 129;
first use of the name, 138;
its peace under Cnut, 146;
prosperity under Eadward and Harold, 153;
effects of foreign rule on, 176-178, 278;
fusion of Normans and English in, 200, 281;
invaded by Robert of Normandy, 200, 201;
civil war in, 219, 220;
anarchy in, 220, 221;
revival of national feeling in, 280, 281;
Norman immigration to, 302;
effects of loss of Normandy on, 325, 326;
under Interdict, 330, 331;
Friars arrive in, ii. 11;
Provençals and Poitevins in, under Henry III. 32, 33;
early finance, 103;
relations with the Papacy, 26-28, 218, 219, 221-223, 225, 273-275,
303;
social changes after the Black Death, 254, 255;
social strife in, 266-268, 289, 316, 317;
sufferings under Edward III., 290, 291;
constitutional, its beginnings, 100;
its freedom established, iii. 85;
moral and intellectual decay during Wars of the Roses, 97, 98, 115;
social condition in fifteenth century, 104-107;
agricultural changes in, 107, 108;
evictions and enclosures in, 109, 110;
definition of its foreign policy, 128;
intellectual progress under Edward IV., 153, 154;
the New Learning in, 191-196, 201;
relations with the Papacy under Henry VIII., 288, 289, 299, 300,
302;
rejects Papal jurisdiction, 305;
foreign Protestants in, iv. 51, 58, 59, 305;
condition under Somerset, 54, 55;
religious disorder in, 61;
condition under Northumberland, 66;
religious changes in, under Mary, 75;
submits to Rome, 88, 89;
effects of the Reformation on, 121, 122;
attitude in Mary's later years, 134, 138, 139;
condition at her death, 146, 147;
religious chaos under Elizabeth, 162-165;
becomes Protestant, 166, 167, 247, 248;
its importance to the Papacy, 253, 254;
parties in, 263;
social condition under Elizabeth, 274-277, 283-287;
religious condition, 289-291, 302-305;
volunteers from, in the Netherlands, 324;
unites against the Armada, 358;
effect on, of the fight with Spain, 364;
its maritime warfare with Spain, 370, 371;
intellectual developement under Elizabeth, v. 1-11;
condition at her death, 75, 76;
growth of wealth and social advance, 77;
rise of the squires, 78;
growth of national spirit in, _ib._, 79;
growth of the religious spirit in, 81;
foreign rule of the Stuarts in, 148, 149;
James I.'s proposal for its union with Scotland, 154;
change in its attitude towards the crown, 171, 172, 183, 184;
condition under Charles I., 280-282, 315, 316;
declared a Commonwealth, vi. 68, 69;
scheme of union with Holland, 81;
with Scotland, 85;
with Ireland, 86;
war with Holland, _ib._, 88;
condition under Cromwell and the major-generals, 106-108;
progress of the Puritan ideal in, 125-128;
scientific movement in, 131-133;
Latitudinarians in, 133-137;
modern, its beginnings, 160-161;
intellectual progress after the Restoration, 163-171;
union with Scotland and Ireland dissolved, 180;
Restoration settlement of, 196-198;
quarrel with the Dutch, 223, 224;
war with Holland, 225-226, 238, 239, 261;
attitude towards Lewis XIV., 228;
its diplomacy under Charles II., 247, 248;
declares war against Lewis XIV., vii. 49;
alliance with Holland, 102, 104, 105;
Union with Scotland, 127, 128;
its European position after the Revolution, 147, 148;
its European policy, 149-151;
its intellectual influence, 151-153;
character of political controversy in, 161;
strength and weakness of public opinion in, 162-164;
social condition under the Georges, 170, 171;
alliance with France and Holland, 187;
condition under Walpole, 195-198;
alliance with France and Prussia, 199;
quarrel with Spain for trade in America, 216, 217;
declares war, 218;
intercourse with India, 232;
relations with America, 240, 241, 243, 244;
treaty with Frederick II., 247, 248;
war with France, 248, 249, 264;
becomes a world-power, 274-277;
annexations in the Pacific, 278, 279;
its empire, 279;
relations with America after the Seven Years' War, 280-283;
results of the Revolution in, 286, 287;
intellectual advance in the eighteenth century, 292, 293;
war with Spain, 306;
conquests in the West Indies, 307;
its gains by the treaty of Paris, _ib._;
English and American theories of its relation to America, 321-325;
growing influence of public opinion in, viii. 1, 2, 10, 11;
war with America, 22-26, 32, 41;
relations with Ireland, 33;
position after the American war, 45;
religious movement in, 46, 47;
industrial progress, 53-60;
growing influence of the trading class in, 61;
its condition as compared to the rest of Europe, 80;
alliance with Prussia and Holland, 85;
attitude towards the French Revolution, 87, 88, 93-95;
panic in, 103-106;
war with France, 108, 109;
its colonial acquisitions in 1795, 112;
condition during the French war, 114;
its dogged temper, 115, 116;
effects of the war on its industry and trade, 157, 158;
League of Neutrals against her, 159, 160;
declares war against Buonaparte, 170;
effects of the Continental System on its industry and trade, 177;
condition during the French war, 192-195;
war with America, 198, 203-205;
last strife with Napoleon, 207-211.
_See_ English People
Engle, the,
their early home, i. 9, 10;
settle in East Anglia and the north, 36;
conquer Bernicia, 52.
_See_ English, Mercians, South-Engle
English people,
their life in Old England, i. 10-22;
religion, 22-24;
temper, 24-26;
love of the sea, 27;
character of their conquests, 39-44;
of their settlement, 44-48;
changes in organization after the conquest, 48-52;
tendencies towards unity, 53-55, 61, 83, 130;
union under Ecgberht, 103;
fusion of northmen with, 126, 127;
effects of struggle with the northmen on, 129, 130;
tendencies towards disintegration, 133, 134;
effects of foreign rule on, 176-178;
fusion of Normans with, 200, 281;
support William Rufus, 191, 192;
support Henry I., 201, 202;
revival of national feeling, 280, 281;
attitude under George III., vii. 312-314;
new life in America, viii. 43, 44.
_See_ England
Episcopacy
abolished in Scotland, v. 140;
restored, 143, 166, 167;
again abolished, 335;
proposal to abolish it in England, 354
Erasmus, Desiderius, iii. 193, 194;
his relations with Warham, 196, 212;
teaches Greek at Cambridge, 201;
protests against war, 211;
his _Praise of Folly_, 199, 219;
edition of St. Jerome, 212, 213;
of the New Testament, 213, 215;
his theology, 214;
defends the New Learning against Luther, 256
Eric, king of Sweden, i. 128
Essayists, the English, vii. 158-160
Essex
settled by the East Saxons, i. 35;
submits to Wulfhere, 85;
peasant revolt in, ii. 321;
Protestantism in, under Mary, iv. 144;
royalist rising in, vi. 59
Essex, Arthur Capel, first earl of,
commissioner of the Treasury, vi. 301;
supports Shaftesbury and the Exclusion, 315, 319;
plots with Monmouth, etc., 336;
death, 337
Essex, Robert Devereux, second earl of, v. 43, 62, 63
Essex, Robert Devereux, third earl of,
marries Frances Howard, v. 190;
divorced, 191;
resists a forced loan, 255;
captain-general of the Parliamentary army, vi. 1;
movements in 1642, 2, 3;
captures Reading, 5;
his inactivity, 6, 8-10;
retires to Uxbridge, 12;
relieves Gloucester, 13, 14;
movements in 1644, 19, 22, 23;
retires, 35
Essex, Earls of. _See_ Fitz-Peter, Mandeville
Essex, Frances, Countess of. _See_ Howard
Estates of the realm, various groupings of, in Parliament, ii. 202,
203
Etherege, Sir George, vi. 157
Eugene of Savoy, Prince, vii. 118, 120, 121, 131, 134
Euphuism, v. 5
Eustace, Count of Boulogne, i. 152, 167
Eustace, son of King Stephen, i. 226, 227
Eustace the Monk, ii. 2
Eva, daughter of Dermod of Leinster, i. 252
Evelyn's _Diary_, vi. 157
Evesham
founded, i. 86;
battle of, ii. 77, 78
Evreux, Charles of, ii. 315
Exchange, the Royal, founded, iv. 280
Exchequer, Court of, i. 206; ii. 109;
Richard Fitz-Neal's _Dialogue_ on, i. 174, 244;
closed, vi. 261
Excise,
Walpole's scheme of, vii. 195, 201, 202;
revived by Pitt, viii. 77
Exeter,
northmen at, i. 106;
Welsh driven from, 120;
subdued by William I., 167, 168;
tailors' gild at, 318;
William of Orange received at, vii. 40
Exeter, Henry Holland, duke of, iii. 140, 142
Exeter, John Holland, duke of (Earl of Huntingdon), iii. 7, 8
Exeter, Edward Courtenay, marquis of, iii. 322, 348, 350
Exton, Sir Piers, iii. 8
Exclusion Bill, the, vi. 307, 308, 319, 320
Eylau, battle of, viii. 175
Fabyan's _Chronicle_, ii. 179
Fairfax, Edward, his version of Tasso, v. 2
Fairfax, Ferdinando, second Lord, vi. 4
Fairfax, Sir Thomas,
his victory at Nantwich, vi. 18;
commander-in-chief of the New Model army, 35, 36;
victory at Naseby, 40, 41;
in the west, 41;
marches on Oxford, 46;
suppresses royalist rising in Kent, 61;
Colchester surrenders to, 64;
marches on London, 65;
suppresses mutiny, 75;
superseded by Cromwell, 79;
joins Monk, 151
Falaise,
birthplace of William the Conqueror, i. 157;
treaty of, ii. 140;
reduced by Henry V., iii. 33
Falconberg, William Neville, Lord, iii. 113
Falkirk, battles of, ii. 168, 169; vii. 229
Falkland, Lucius Cary, second viscount,
his plans of Church reform, v. 354;
abandons Strafford's impeachment, 356;
his political position, 368;
becomes Charles's minister, 375;
joins Charles at York, 378;
death, vi. 14;
influence on religious thought, 133
Family Compact, the, vii. 215
"Farm" of a borough, ii. 152
Farmer, Anthony, vii. 25
Farmers, rise of, ii. 240
Farne, islet of, i. 71
Fastolfe, Sir John, iii. 46, 162
Fawkes, Guido, v. 158, 159
Feckenham, Abbot of Westminster, iv. 106
Felton, John, v. 264, 265
Ferdinand (I.), Archduke of Austria, iii. 208, 243; iv. 19;
Emperor, 98; v. 174, 175
Ferdinand (II.), Archduke of Austria, v. 213;
king of Bohemia, 216;
Emperor, 217
Ferdinand V., king of Aragon, iii. 186, 187, 207;
forms the Holy League, 209;
seizes Navarre, _ib._;
dies, 234
Ferdinand VII., king of Spain, viii. 185
Ferrar, Bishop of St. David's, iv. 91
Ferrars, Robert, fourth earl of Derby, i. 254
Ferrars, Robert, eighth earl of Derby, ii. 87
Feudalism,
tendency to, in England after Danish wars, i. 133, 135, 136;
the Conqueror's dealings with, 181-185;
antagonism of the universities to, 289-291;
revives under Henry III., ii. 4, 5;
its military basis, 239;
ruin, iii. 92-94
Fielding, Henry, vii. 297
Fifth-monarchy men, vi. 182
Filmer, Sir Robert, vi. 171
Finance,
early English, ii. 103;
William I.'s system of, i. 186
Finch, Sir John,
Chief-Justice, v. 331;
Lord Keeper, 351
First of June, battle of the, viii. 111
Fisher, John, Bishop of Rochester, iii. 201;
his reply to Luther, 257:
quarrel with the Commons, 290;
sent to the Tower, 319;
beheaded, 321
Fitzgerald, Lord Edward, viii. 121, 128
Fitzgerald, Lord Thomas, iii. 328
Fitz-Hamo, Robert, ii. 48
Fitzharris, Edward, vi. 323
Fitz-Maurices, the, Earls of Desmond, ii. 377
Fitz-Maurice, James, iv. 315
Fitz-Neal, Richard, bishop of London and treasurer, i. 174, 223;
his _Dialogue on the Exchequer_, 174, 244
Fitz-Osbern, Roger, i. 189
Fitz-Osbern, William, i. 167, 168, 183
Fitz-Peter, Geoffry, Earl of Essex and justiciar, i. 267, 338, 339,
341
Fitz-Ralf, Richard, Chancellor of Oxford, ii. 295
Fitz-Stephen, Robert, i. 252
Fitz-Urse, Reginald, i. 241
Fitz-Walter, Robert,
captain of the Londoners, i. 305;
conspires against John, 335;
leader of the barons, 343;
"Marshal of the Army of God and Holy Church," 346;
counsels alliance with France, 355;
besieges Lincoln, ii. 2
Fitz-Warenne or Fitz-Warin, Fulk (the third), i. 343; ii. 42
Fitz-Warenne, Fulk (the fifth), ii. 116
Fitzwilliam, William, fourth Earl, viii. 104, 120
Five Boroughs, the, i. 117, 120
"Five members," the, v. 373-376
Flambard, Ranulf, i. 192, 199.
Flamsteed, John, vi. 166
Flanders,
its wool trade with England, ii. 107, 226;
interdict in, 219, 224;
alliance with Edward III., 226, 227;
civil strife in, 233;
joins Edward again, 244;
struggle with France, 349;
English gild of Merchant Adventurers in, iii. 155;
decay of its trade, iv. 281;
refugees from, in England, 305, 323;
attacked by France, vi. 124
Flanders, Lewis le Mâle, Count of, ii. 244, 286
Flanders, Margaret of, ii. 286
Fleet, English,
created by Ælfred, i. 116;
successes under John, 333, 337;
under Hubert de Burgh, ii. 2, 3;
repulsed from Abermenai, 54;
reduces Anglesea, 109;
victory at Sluys, 228;
defeated by Spaniards, 313;
harries the coast of Britanny, iii. 16;
Henry VIII.'s, iv. 28, 29;
Elizabeth's, 360;
its fight with the Armada, 361, 362;
declares for Charles I., vi. 59;
re-created by Vane, 78;
increased under William III., vii. 105, 107;
blockades Cadiz and threatens Naples, 223;
its share in the war with France, viii. 111, 127, 133;
blockades Malta, 162, 165;
attacks Copenhagen, 163, 180
Fleetwood, General, vi. 121, 145, 150