THE DISSEMINATION OF SOCIOLOGICAL THOUGHT
Despite its youth, inchoateness, and naïveté, sociological thought is
exerting a vital influence in the world. It is giving a new rating to
all the established values of life, undermining some, strengthening
others, and creating still others.
The chief values in sociological thought are that it constitutes the
center of all worth while thought; it gives balance and proportion to
thinking in any field; it defies race prejudice and social intolerance;
it smites selfish living; it rivets attention to the essentially human
values; it stimulates personal development in harmony with group and
societary welfare. At the same time, it postulates group advancement,
not upon paternalistic or autocratic grounds, but upon a constructive
projection of personalities that harmonizes with unselfish group
service.
For centuries genuine social thinking was confined largely to a few
of the intellectually élite. These few lived, and did even their
social thinking, in a more or less isolated way. It was not until the
first decades of the last centuries that social thought began to be
scientific in character, that is, became sociological. Sociological
thinking, however, was isolated and uncorrelated for many years. In
the last decade of the nineteenth century, sociology began to develop
a considerable body of thinkers and to create a new morale. There
were many disagreements that tended to break the new science asunder.
The opening decades, however, of the twentieth century witnessed
a development of sociological thought that was followed by the
establishment of the teaching of sociology as a profession.
With the rise of professional sociologists, the dissemination of
socialized thought became noteworthy. For a long time sociology was
considered only as a post-graduate study. In the last few years,
however, sociology has been making its way downward in college and
university curricula, until it is being widely taught to college
freshmen and sophomores. In this connection there is a variety of
textbooks that have been written to meet the needs of beginning
students. There are some teachers who would introduce sociology through
anthropological studies, beginning with the origin of man. Others would
give a survey or prospectus of social institutions, processes, and
problems.[XXVIII-1] Still others would deal only with social problems.
Then there are those persons who would build a text-book around a
central theme, tracing it through social relationships. For advanced
work in sociological thought there is a variety of treatises dealing
with systems at once profound, complex, and fundamental.
For high schools, the technique of sociological teaching is in the
beginning stages. The importance in high schools of social science
teaching is generally recognized, but there has been great difficulty
in effecting an agreement among the various social science branches.
Some high school teachers prefer a “social problems” course, although
the demand is growing for a “social science” course, extending
throughout the year, dividing the time more or less evenly between
economics, sociology, and civics. There are other high school
teachers who contend that sociology can be taught best in a general
“citizenship” course. One of the specific difficulties is that the
high school curriculum is full, and that the representatives of none
of the established courses are willing to see the subjects in which
they are interested crowded out. Another difficulty is the power which
the self-culture and self-development concepts possess. The equal
importance of the social culture and social development concepts is
being recognized, but with amazing slowness.
In the grades the teaching of sociology is gaining ground. In the sense
that there is an advanced group of mathematical studies for university
men and women and an elemental mathematics for the grades, so there is
advanced sociology, and also an elemental sociology centering around
the activities of the primary groups, such as the family, play,
neighborhood, and school groups. A child who is old enough to learn
to obey is old enough to begin elemental sociology, in fact, when he
learns to obey, he is already beginning to experience the meaning of a
social, if not a sociological concept. Simple social studies are being
prepared for the grades, even beginning with the first grade.
The dissemination of sociological thought is a practical question to
which in the last score of years special attention has been given.
The universities and colleges began to establish chairs of sociology
in the closing decade of the last century. The movement has acquired
a remarkable momentum in the United States. Normal schools and high
schools have adopted the movement. Many churches are promulgating a
socialized gospel. Literature is gradually assuming an appreciation of
the sociological viewpoint.
From the social proverbs of primitive man to a treatise such as Ross’
_Principles of Sociology_, with its admirable analysis of significant
societal processes, such as equalization, domination, individuation,
socialization--this is the main span of social thought. Social
thought began in the simplest form of observations about social
relationships between individual and individual, between chieftain
and tribal member, between master and servant. It experienced various
stages of denunciation of social wrongs. It produced perspectives of
perfect societies. It moved profoundly forward in the form of social
philosophies. Now it is proceeding either as the investigator of new
social facts, or the psychological interpreter of these facts in terms
of social processes. It is assuming a scientific procedure, although a
portion of the results of its undertakings finds expression in social
philosophy. It is beginning to formulate sociological laws. It is
inaugurating a technique for preventing the maladjustments that produce
social evils; it is establishing a teaching technique. Although the
masses of the human race are beginning to feel blindly the meaning of
social values, they have not yet been able to make their highest social
aspirations rationally articulate. Until that time comes, democracy
will remain an experiment, and world progress a toy of autocratic
forces.
A history of social thought is essentially a review of an irregular
but positive acceptance of social values. Individual after individual,
leader after leader, profession after profession, group after group,
have felt and accepted the challenge of the sociological viewpoint.
They have changed from living selfishly to living socially. They have
even given up the ideal of service for self advancement, setting up in
its place the ideal of service for the welfare of others. In so doing
and living they have found expansion of personality and contributed
to the advancement of society. Since the days of Comte in particular,
the social sciences have been increasing in variety and scope until
they number a score or more, and sociological influence has been
widening until the related sciences are inviting sociology, which is
the scientific study of group phenomena, to define their objectives for
them. In fact, sociological concepts are permeating the farthermost
reaches of personal living and societal control. A history of social
thought is a history of the socializing of human attitudes and
interests, presaging a human society in which personal achievement and
group progress are equally and supremely sought.
FOOTNOTES
CHAPTER II
[II-1] W. I. Thomas, _Source Book for Social Origins_, University of
Chicago Press, 1909, p. 161.
[II-2] Daniel Crawford, _Thinking Black_, Doran, 1913.
[II-3] E. M. Curr, _The Australian Race_, Melbourne, 1883, 1:339.
[II-4] A. M. Howitt, _The Organisation of Australian Tribes_, p. 452.
CHAPTER III
[III-1] _Boulak Papyrus_, trans. by Griffith, p. 5340, _La Moral
Egyptienne_.
[III-2] _“The Instruction of Ptah-Hotep,”_ trans. by Gunn, Wisdom of
the East Series.
[III-3] Code of Hammurapi, Sect. 196.
[III-4] Ibid., Sect. 198.
[III-5] Ibid., Sect. 229.
[III-6] _Shoo King_, 27:3.
CHAPTER IV
[IV-1] C. F. Kent, _The Social Teachings of the Prophets and Jesus_,
Scribner, 1917, p. 4.
[IV-2] Exodus, 3:7, 8.
[IV-3] Amos, 2:6, 7, 8; 3:10; 4:1, 2; 5:7, 15; 6:4.
[IV-4] Isaiah, 1:23.
[IV-5] Isaiah, 3:14, 15.
[IV-6] Micah, 3:2, 3.
[IV-7] Jeremiah, 22:13, 15, 17 (Modern Reader’s Bible).
[IV-8] Louis Wallis, _Sociological Study of the Bible_, University of
Chicago Press, 1912, Ch. VII.
[IV-9] Hosea, 4:11; 9:11, 16.
[IV-10] Exodus, 20:12.
[IV-11] Proverbs, 20:20.
[IV-12] Proverbs, 12:4.
[IV-13] Proverbs, 29:15.
[IV-14] Isaiah, 5:11.
[IV-15] Proverbs, 20:1.
[IV-16] Proverbs, 31:7.
[IV-17] Exodus, 21:13; I Kings, 1:50; 2:28.
[IV-18] Job, 31.
[IV-19] Amos, 9:7.
[IV-20] Isaiah, 9:5; cf., Kent, _The Social Teachings of the Prophets
and Jesus_, p. 112.
CHAPTER V
[V-1] Hesiod, _Work and Days_, trans. by A. W. Mains, Oxford, 1908.
[V-2] _The Works of Hesiod, Callimachus and Theognis_, trans. by Banks,
Bohn’s Classical Library, p. 227.
[V-3] Botsford and Sihler, _Hellenic Civilization_, p. 64.
[V-4] George Rawlinson, translator, _History of Herodotus_, 4 vols.
[V-5] Plutarch’s Pericles, revised by Clough, 1:234 ff.
[V-6] Botsford and Sihler, op. cit., p. 340.
[V-7] _On Air, Water and Places_ in the Genuine Works of Hippocrates,
trans. by Adams, Vol. I.
[V-8] Plato I, 338 C. All references to Plato’s _Dialogues_ in this
chapter or in later chapters are to Jowett’s translation.
[V-9] Adela M. Adam, Plato, _Moral and Political Ideals_, p. 10.
[V-10] The reader will find in Will Durant’s _Philosophy and the Social
Problem_, Ch. I, a unique although ideocentric interpretation of
Socrates.
[V-11] _Laws_, 738.
[V-12] The beginning student of Plato’s social thought should first
read the _Republic_, especially V 472 A to VII 541 B.
[V-13] _Republic_, 369 B.
[V-14] Ibid., 370 B.
[V-15] Ibid., 373.
[V-16] _Laws_, 803.
[V-17] _Statesman_, 308.
[V-18] Ibid., 307.
[V-19] Ibid., 297.
[V-20] _Republic_, 398 E, 412.
[V-21] _Laws_, 731, 732.
[V-22] _Republic_, 412.
[V-23] _Statesman_, 303.
[V-24] _Republic_, 525; cf. _Laws_, 818.
[V-25] Ibid., 537, 539, 540.
[V-26] Ibid., 413.
[V-27] Ibid., 416.
[V-28] Ibid., 416, 417.
[V-29] Ibid., 457 C, 464 C.
[V-30] Ibid., 414, 415.
[V-31] Ibid., 415.
[V-32] Loc. cit.
[V-33] Ibid., 460 C, 461 C.
[V-34] _Statesman_, 310
[V-35] _Laws_, 773.
[V-36] _Statesman_, 310.
[V-37] _Republic_, 422 A; _Laws_, 744, 745.
[V-38] _Republic_, 421.
[V-39] Ibid., 550 D, E; _Laws_, 742, 791.
[V-40] _Republic_, 550.
[V-41] Ibid., 550 C.
[V-42] Ibid., 556.
[V-43] Loc. cit.
[V-44] Ibid., 552 D.
[V-45] Ibid., 552 E.
[V-46] _Laws_, 744, 745.
[V-47] Ibid., 729.
[V-48] Loc. cit.
[V-49] _Republic_, 377, 401.
[V-50] _Laws_, 772.
[V-51] _Statesman_, 294.
[V-52] Ibid., 300.
[V-53] In books, IX-XII.
[V-54] _Laws_, 934.
[V-55] Ibid., 862 ff.
[V-56] Ibid., 936.
[V-57] Ibid., 955.
[V-58] _Republic_, 455, 456; _Laws_, 805.
[V-59] _Republic_, 451.
[V-60] Ibid., 475 A; _Laws_, 814.
[V-61] _Laws_, 759.
[V-62] Ibid., 929, 930.
[V-63] _Republic_, 457 A; _Laws_, 795 ff, 813 ff, 830 ff.
[V-64] Ibid., 410.
[V-65] Ibid., 441.
[V-66] Ibid., 498 B.
[V-67] Ibid., 518.
[V-68] Ibid., 536.
[V-69] Ibid., 425; _Laws_, 643.
[V-70] _Republic_, 537.
[V-71] _Laws_, 729.
[V-72] _Republic_, 435 ff.
[V-73] _Laws_, 903.
[V-74] _Republic_, 545–549.
[V-75] Ibid., 550, 551.
[V-76] Loc. cit.
[V-77] Ibid., 555.
[V-78] Ibid., 564.
[V-79] Ibid., 339; _Laws_, 714.
CHAPTER VI
[VI-1] _Ethics_, trans. by Welldon, II, 2.
[VI-2] _Politics_, trans. by Jowett, I, 2.
[VI-3] Loc. cit.
[VI-4] Ibid., II, 3.
[VI-5] Ibid., II, 5.
[VI-6] Loc. cit.
[VI-7] Ibid., II, 7; VII, 10.
[VI-8] Ibid., II, 4.
[VI-9] Ibid., I, 4.
[VI-10] Ibid., III, 7.
[VI-11] Ibid., III, 15.
[VI-12] Ibid., V, 8; VII, 2.
[VI-13] Ibid., II, 8.
[VI-14] Ibid., V, 8.
[VI-15] Ibid., IV, 11.
[VI-16] Ibid., V, 7.
[VI-17] Ibid., IV, 11.
[VI-18] Ibid., II, 6.
[VI-19] Loc. cit.
[VI-20] Ibid., II, 9.
[VI-21] Ibid., II, 12.
[VI-22] Ibid., V, 1.
[VI-23] Ibid., VII, 14.
[VI-24] Loc. cit.
[VI-25] Ibid., VII, 4.
[VI-26] Ibid., VII, 11.
[VI-27] Ibid., VII, 15.
[VI-28] Ibid., VII, 16.
[VI-29] Ibid., I, 12.
[VI-30] Ibid., VII, 16.
[VI-31] Ibid., VIII, 2.
[VI-32] Ibid., VIII, 3.
[VI-33] Ibid., VIII, 4.
[VI-34] Ibid., VIII, 5.
CHAPTER VII
[VII-1] Lucretius, _Dererum natura_, trans. by Muno, in Bohn’s
Libraries, V. 335 ff., 778 ff.
[VII-2] _De officiis_, trans. by Edmonds, Bohn’s Libraries, I, XVII,
XIV; _De republica_, trans. by Younge, Bohn’s Libraries, I, XXV-XXVI,
XIV.
[VII-3] _Dialogues_, VII, 9.
[VII-4] _Thoughts_, trans. by Long, VII, 31.
[VII-5] Ibid., VI, 7.
[VII-6] Ibid., VIII, 59.
[VII-7] Ibid., IX, 23.
[VII-8] Ibid., VI, 42.
[VII-9] Ibid., XII, 36.
[VII-10] Seneca, _Dial._, IX, 4.
[VII-11] Ibid., VII, 20.
[VII-12] _On Anger._
[VII-13] Loc. cit.
[VII-14] Epictetus, _Discourses_, Book I, Ch. XVIII.
[VII-15] Matthew, V, 44.
[VII-16] _Thoughts_, VII, 22.
[VII-17] Romans, XII, 17.
[VII-18] _Thoughts_, VII, 26; III, 7.
[VII-19] Seneca, _On a Happy Life_.
[VII-20] Loc. cit.
CHAPTER VIII
[VIII-1] Luke 17:20, 21.
[VIII-2] Luke 13:34.
[VIII-3] Matt. 12:48; Mark 3:34.
[VIII-4] Matt. 13:31, 32; Mark 4:30; Luke 13:18, 19.
[VIII-5] Luke 6:36.
[VIII-6] Matt. 5:23; Matt. 18:15; Luke 6:41, 42.
[VIII-7] Matt. 5:44, 46; Luke 6:20, 35.
[VIII-8] Matt. 28:20; 24:14.
[VIII-9] John 12:43; Matt. 6:5.
[VIII-10] Matt. 4:8.
[VIII-11] Luke 9:48; Mark 10:14; Matt. 18:1.
[VIII-12] Matt. 25:31–46.
[VIII-13] Mark 9:41; Matt. 10:42.
[VIII-14] Luke 6:30; 3:11.
[VIII-15] Matt. 23:23–33.
[VIII-17] John 2:13–17; Matt. 21:12, 13; Mark 11:15–17; Luke 19:45, 46.
[VIII-18] Mark 11:18; Luke 19:47.
[VIII-19] Matt. 15:4; 19:19.
[VIII-20] Mark 10:7, 8; Matt. 19:5.
[VIII-21] Mark 9:42.
[VIII-22] Matt. 19:21.
[VIII-23] John 12:8; Mark 14:7; Matt. 26:11.
[VIII-24] Luke 12:16–21.
[VIII-25] Luke 13:14; Matt. 12:2, 10–13.
[VIII-26] Mark 2:27; 3:4.
[VIII-27] Matt. 10:34–39.
[VIII-28] Luke 12:49–53.
[VIII-29] John 18:10; Matt. 26:50–56.
[VIII-30] Matt. 5:39.
[VIII-31] Luke 2:13, 14.
[VIII-32] Acts 15:9; 10:28; Galatians, 3:28.
[VIII-33] Romans 8:16; 32.
[VIII-34] I. Corinthians, Ch. 13.
[VIII-35] Galatians 5:13; Romans 12:10.
[VIII-36] Galatians 6:2; 6:10; Acts 20:35.
[VIII-37] Romans 8:35–39; 12:17; Ephesians 1:21; 2:4; 3:17, 18.
[VIII-38] Romans 12:4–8; cf. I. Corinthians 12:12.
[VIII-39] Romans 14:7.
[VIII-40] Ephesians 5:22–23; Colossians 3:18, 19; I. Corinthians 11:9,
19; I Corinthians 11:9.
[VIII-41] I. Timothy 6:7–10; 17, 18.
[VIII-42] James 1:26, 27.
[VIII-43] Revelation, Ch. 21.
CHAPTER IX
[IX-1] B text, Passus VIII. The manuscripts of _Pier’s Ploughman_
number over forty and fall into three sets: A, B, and C.
CHAPTER X
[X-1] _The Utopia of Sir Thomas More_, Bell and Sons, London, edited by
George Simpson in Bohn’s Classical Libraries, 1910, p. 75.
[X-2] Ibid., p. 104.
[X-3] Ibid., p. 111.
[X-4] Ibid., p. 153.
[X-5] Ibid., pp. 84, 93.
[X-6] Ibid., pp. 135, 84.
[X-7] Ibid., p. 93.
[X-8] Ibid., p. 97.
[X-9] Ibid., p. 92.
[X-10] Ibid., p. 88.
[X-11] Ibid., p. 90.
[X-12] Ibid., p. 96.
[X-13] Ibid., p. 110, cf. Bacon, _The New Atlantis_ in Ideal
Commonwealths, Collier, 1901, p. 125.
[X-14] Ibid., p. 131.
[X-15] Ibid., p. 93.
[X-16] Ibid., p. 115.
[X-17] Ibid., p. 117, cf. Campanella, _The City of the Sun_, in Ideal
Commonwealths, Collier, 1901, p. 157.
[X-18] Ibid., p. 174.
[X-19] Ibid., p. 95.
[X-20] Ibid., p. 101.
[X-21] Ibid., p. 175.
[X-22] Ibid., p. 174.
[X-23] Ibid., pp. 153 ff.
[X-24] Ibid., p. 154.
[X-25] Ibid., p. 103.
[X-26] Ibid., pp. 140, 141.
[X-27] Ibid., p. 67.
[X-28] Bacon, _The New Atlantis_ in Ideal Commonwealths, Collier, 1901,
pp. 135 ff.
[X-29] Bellamy, _Looking Backward_, Grosset and Dunlap, 1898, p. 57.
[X-30] Ibid., p. 88.
[X-31] Ibid., p. 89.
[X-32] Ibid., p. 67.
[X-33] Ibid., p. 192.
[X-34] Ibid., pp. 220 ff.
[X-35] Ibid., pp. 287 ff.
[X-36] H. G. Wells, _Anticipations_, _Mankind in the Making_, and _A
Modern Utopia_. See _A Modern Utopia_, Scribner, 1905, pp. 5, 11.
CHAPTER XI
[XI-1] Machiavelli, _The Prince_, Routledge, London, n.d., p. 53.
[XI-2] Ibid., pp. 104, 105.
[XI-3] Ibid., p. 71.
[XI-4] Ibid., p. 77.
[XI-5] Hobbes, _Leviathan_, Putnam, 1904, Ch. XIII.
[XI-6] Locke, _Two Treatises on Government_, Routledge, n.d., p. 18.
[XI-7] Ibid., p. 193.
[XI-8] Ibid., p. 199.
[XI-9] Ibid., p. 315.
[XI-10] Rousseau, _Contrat social_, Garnier, Paris, p. 240.
[XI-11] Ibid., p. 246.
[XI-12] Ibid., p. 249.
[XI-13] John Winthrop in _Selections from Early American Writers,
1607–1800_, edit. by W. B. Cairns, Macmillan, 1910, p. 52.
[XI-14] _A Treatise of Human Nature_, edit. by Selby-Bigge, Oxford,
1896, II:777, 114, 140, 150.
[XI-15] Ibid., p. 534.
[XI-16] Ibid., p. 546.
[XI-17] Adam Smith, _The Wealth of Nations_, Putnam, 1904, II:114.
[XI-18] Ibid., II:83.
[XI-19] Ibid., II:143.
[XI-20] Ibid., II:203.
[XI-21] Ibid., I:80.
[XI-22] Ibid., I:81.
[XI-23] Ibid., II:203–207.
[XI-24] Ibid., I:11.
[XI-25] Kant, _Theory of Ethics_, trans. by Abbott, p. 9.
[XI-26] Hegel, _Philosophy of Right_, trans. by Dyde, Part III, p. 150.
[XI-27] W. G. Sumner, _What Social Classes Owe to Each Other_, Harper,
1920, p. 12.
[XI-28] Ibid., p 25.
[XI-29] Publications of the American Sociological Society, Vol. XV.
CHAPTER XII
[XII-1] Adam Smith, _Wealth of Nations_, Putnam, 1901, I:81.
[XII-2] Ibid., p. 147.
[XII-3] _An Essay on the Principle of Population_, eighth edit., Reeves
and Turner, 1878, p. 1; cf. W. S. Thompson, _Population: A Study in
Malthusianism_, Columbia University, 1915, Ch. I.
[XII-4] Ibid., p. 2.
[XII-5] Ibid., p. 8.
[XII-6] Ibid., p. 9.
[XII-7] Ibid., p. 13.
[XII-8] Ibid., p. 371.
[XII-9] Ibid., p. 402.
[XII-10] Ibid., p. 416.
[XII-11] Ibid., p. 437.
[XII-12] Ibid., p. 481.
[XII-13] T. N. Carver, _Essays in Social Justice_, Harvard University
Press, 1915, Ch. XIV.
[XII-14] Cf. W. S. Thompson, _Population: A Study in Malthusianism_,
Columbia University Studies, 1915.
CHAPTER XIII
[XIII-1] Auguste Comte, _Positive Philosophy_, trans. by Martineau,
Vol. I, pp. x, xi.
[XIII-2] Ibid., p. xi.
[XIII-3] Ibid., p. xv.
[XIII-4] Ibid., Vol. III, p. 13.
[XIII-5] Ibid., Vol. I, p. 26.
[XIII-6] Ibid., p. 27.
[XIII-7] Ibid., p. 34.
[XIII-8] Ibid., p. 35.
[XIII-9] Ibid., p. 36.
[XIII-10] Ibid., p. 41.
[XIII-11] Ibid., pp. 27 ff.
[XIII-12] Ibid., p. 149.
[XIII-13] Ibid., p. 153, 154.
[XIII-14] Ibid., Vol. II, p. 30.
[XIII-15] Ibid., p. 219.
[XIII-16] Ibid., p. 175.
[XIII-17] Ibid., p. 176.
[XIII-18] Ibid., p. 180.
[XIII-19] Ibid., p. 193.
[XIII-20] Ibid., p. 234.
[XIII-21] Ibid., p. 292.
[XIII-22] Ibid., p. 287.
[XIII-23] Ibid., p. 286.
[XIII-24] Ibid., p. 300.
[XIII-25] Ibid., Vol. III, p. 320.
[XIII-26] Comte, _Positive Polity_, London, 1871, I:1.
CHAPTER XIV
[XIV-1] Proudhon, _What Is Property?_ Twentieth Century Press, 1908.
[XIV-2] Rodbertus, _Overproduction and Crises_, Scribner, 1906
[XIV-3] Lassalle, _Science and the Workingman_, Kerr, 1903.
[XIV-4] Marx and Engels, _Manifesto of the Communist Party_, Kerr, 1902.
[XIV-5] Marx, _Capital_, trans. by Moore and Aveling, Kerr, 1909, I:673
ff., 834 ff.
[XIV-6] Kropotkin, _Mutual Aid; a Factor of Evolution_, Doubleday,
Page, 1902.
[XIV-7] Henry George, _Progress and Poverty_, Doubleday, Page, 1916, p.
9.
[XIV-8] Ibid.
[XIV-9] Ibid., pp. 286, 287.
[XIV-10] Ibid., p. 342.
[XIV-11] Ibid., p. 339.
CHAPTER XV
[XV-1] Jean Bodin, _The Six Bookes of A Commonwealth_, trans. by R.
Knoles, London.
[XV-2] H. T. Buckle, _History of Civilisation in England_, Appleton,
1874, 2 vols., I:14.
[XV-3] Ibid., p. 29.
[XV-4] Ibid., p. 31.
[XV-5] Ibid., p. 32.
[XV-6] Ibid., p. 33.
[XV-7] Ibid., p. 36.
[XV-8] Ibid., pp. 44 ff.
[XV-9] Ibid., p. 52.
[XV-10] Ibid., p. 85.
[XV-11] Ibid., p. 95.
[XV-12] Ibid., p. 96.
[XV-13] Ibid., p. 99.
[XV-14] Ellen Semple, _Influences of Geographic Environment_, Holt,
1911, p. 635.
[XV-15] See Ellsworth Huntington, _Civilization and Climate_, Yale
University Press, 1915.
[XV-16] W. Z. Ripley, _Races in Europe_, Appleton, 1899, p. 571.
CHAPTER XVI
[XVI-1] Charles Darwin, _The Descent of Man_, Appleton, 1904, pp. 229
ff.
[XVI-2] Herbert Spencer, _First Principles_, Appleton, 1900, Section
III-145.
[XVI-3] Spencer, _Principles of Sociology_, Appleton, 1914, I:596, 597.
[XVI-4] Ibid., p. 84.
[XVI-5] Ibid., Part II, Ch. II.
[XVI-6] Ibid., pp. 457 ff.
[XVI-7] Ibid., Part II, Ch. VI-IX.
[XVI-8] Ibid., p. 592.
[XVI-9] John Fiske, _Destiny of Man_, Houghton Mifflin, 1904, p. 12.
[XVI-10] John Fiske, _Outlines of Cosmic Philosophy_, Houghton Mifflin,
1874, Part II, pp. 340 ff.
[XVI-11] Ibid., pp. 360 ff.
[XVI-12] Ibid., pp. 303 ff.
[XVI-13] Paul von Lilienfeld, _Gedanken über die Socialwissenschaft der
Zukunft_, II, pp. viii ff.
[XVI-14] Lilienfeld, _Pathologie Sociale_, 1904.
[XVI-15] J. S. Mackensie, _Outlines of Social Philosophy_, Macmillan,
1918, p. 14.
[XVI-16] Ibid., p. 65.
[XVI-17] Ibid., p. 243 ff.
CHAPTER XVII
[XVII-1] Lester F. Ward, _Dynamic Sociology_, Appleton, 1911, Vol. I,
pp. XXV ff.
[XVII-2] Ibid., p. 22.
[XVII-3] Ibid., pp. 22, 23.
[XVII-4] Ibid., pp. 56, 57.
[XVII-5] Ibid., p. 60; Ward, _Pure Sociology_, Macmillan, 1914, p. 4.
[XVII-6] Lester F. Ward, _Applied Sociology_, Ginn, 1906, pp. 5 ff.
[XVII-7] _Dynamic Sociology_, Vol. I, p. 72.
[XVII-8] Ibid., p. 143.
[XVII-9] Ibid., p. 320.
[XVII-10] Ibid., pp. 408, 409.
[XVII-11] Ibid., p. 464.
[XVII-12] Ibid., p. 452.
[XVII-13] Ibid., p. 467.
[XVII-14] Ibid., p. 474.
[XVII-15] Ibid., p. 486.
[XVII-16] Ibid., p. 497.
[XVII-17] Ibid., p. 516.
[XVII-18] Ibid., pp. 518 ff.
[XVII-19] Ibid., p. 520.
[XVII-20] Ibid., Vol. II, p. 341.
[XVII-21] Ibid., Vol. I, p. 520.
[XVII-22] Ibid., p. 522.
[XVII-23] Ibid., p. 541.
[XVII-24] Ibid., p. 583.
[XVII-25] Ibid., p. 579.
[XVII-26] Ibid., p. 594.
[XVII-27] Ibid., pp. 606 ff.
[XVII-28] Ibid., p. 615.
[XVII-29] _Pure Sociology_, p. 403.
[XVII-30] _Dynamic Sociology_, Vol. I, p. 641.
[XVII-31] _Pure Sociology_, Ch. XV.
[XVII-32] Ibid., p. 420.
[XVII-33] Lester F. Ward, _Psychic Factors of Civilisation_, Ginn,
1906, Ch. XXXIV.
[XVII-34] _Dynamic Sociology_, Vol. I, pp. 669, 670.
[XVII-35] Ibid., pp. 473, 474.
[XVII-36] _Pure Sociology_, p. 438.
[XVII-37] Ibid., pp. 457 ff.
[XVII-38] Ibid., p. 469.
[XVII-39] Ibid., pp. 231 ff.
[XVII-40] Ibid., p. 237.
[XVII-41] Ibid., pp. 79 ff.
[XVII-42] Lester F. Ward, “Eugenics, Euthenics, and Eudemics,” _Amer.
Jour. of Sociology_, 18; 737–54.
CHAPTER XVIII
[XVIII-1] H. F. Osborn, _Men of the Old Stone Age_, Scribner, 1918, Ch.
I.
[XVIII-2] W. G. Sumner, _Folkways_, Ginn, 1907, p. 43.
[XVIII-3] Ibid., p. 13.
[XVIII-4] Ibid., p. 266.
[XVIII-5] Ibid., pp. 343, 362.
[XVIII-6] Ibid., p. 378.
[XVIII-7] W. I. Thomas, _Sex and Society_, p. 51.
[XVIII-8] Ibid., p. 182.
[XVIII-9] Ibid., p. 41.
[XVIII-10] Ibid., p. 40.
[XVIII-11] Ibid., p. 41.
[XVIII-12] Ibid., p. 54.
[XVIII-13] Ibid., p. 61.
[XVIII-14] Ibid., p. 65.
[XVIII-15] Ibid., Ch. II.
[XVIII-16] Ibid., p. 76.
[XVIII-17] Ibid., p. 201.
[XVIII-18] Ibid., p. 418; cf. W. I. Thomas, _Sex and Society_,
University of Chicago Press, 1907, pp. 201–220.
[XVIII-19] Ibid., p. 629.
[XVIII-20] A. G. Kellor, _Societal Evolution_, Macmillan, 1915.
[XVIII-21] Edward Westermarck, _The Origin and Development of the Moral
Ideas_, Macmillan, 1906, I:159.
[XVIII-22] Ibid.
[XVIII-23] Ibid., p. 160.
[XVIII-24] Ibid., Vol. II. p. 740.
[XVIII-25] Ibid., II:745.
[XVIII-26] L. T. Hobhouse, _Morals in Evolution_, Holt, 1919, p. 1.
[XVIII-27] Ibid., p. 2.
[XVIII-28] Ibid.
[XVIII-29] Ibid., p. 43; cf. Hobhouse, _Social Evolution and Political
Theory_, Lemcke, 1911, pp. 128 ff.
[XVIII-30] Ibid., p. 60.
[XVIII-31] Ibid., p. 64.
[XVIII-32] _Social Evolution and Political Theory_, p. 148.
[XVIII-33] _Morals in Evolution_, pp. 130, 71.
[XVIII-34] William Wundt, _Elements of Folk Psychology_, trans. by
Schaub, Macmillan, 1916, p. 1.
[XVIII-35] Ibid., p. 478.
[XVIII-36] Ibid., p. 514.
[XVIII-37] Ibid., p. 515.
[XVIII-38] Ibid., p. 516.
[XVIII-39] Franz Boas, _The Mind of Primitive Man_, Macmillan, 1911, p.
102.
[XVIII-40] Hobhouse, _Social Evolution and Political Theory_, p. 39.
[XVIII-41] W. I. Thomas, _Source Book for Social Origins_, University
of Chicago Press, 1909, p. 18.
[XVIII-42] Ibid., p. 20.
[XVIII-43] Ibid., p. 14.
[XVIII-44] Thomas, _Sex and Society_, p. 51.
[XVIII-45] Thomas and Znaniecki, _The Polish Peasant in Europe and
America_, University of Chicago Press, 1918, I:22.
CHAPTER XIX
[XIX-1] Francis Galton, _Hereditary Genius_, Macmillan, 1914.
[XIX-2] _Inquiries into the Human Faculty_, Dutton, 1908.
[XIX-3] See C. W. Saleeby, _The Progress of Eugenics_, Funk and
Wagnalls, 1914, pp. 1 ff.
[XIX-4] Karl Pearson, _The Grammar of Science_, Black, 1911, p. 1.
[XIX-5] Ibid., p. 6.
[XIX-6] See Saleeby, _The Progress of Eugenics_, Ch. II.
[XIX-7] See C. B. Davenport, _Heredity in Relation to Eugenics_, Holt,
1911.
[XIX-8] See Popenoe and Johnson, _Applied Eugenics_, Macmillan, 1918.
[XIX-9] Ibid., p. 213.
[XIX-10] Ibid., pp. 218, 231.
[XIX-11] Ibid., Ch. XVI.
[XIX-12] Ibid., p. 381.
[XIX-13] Ibid., p. 380.
[XIX-14] Saleeby, _The Progress of Eugenics_, p. 65.
[XIX-15] Popenoe and Johnson, op. cit., p. 387.
[XIX-16] Hobhouse, _Social Evolution and Political Theory_, Lemcke,
1911, p. 45.
[XIX-17] Popenoe and Johnson, op. cit., p. 292.
CHAPTER XX
[XX-1] Ludwig Gumplowicz, _Der Rassenkampf_, Innsbruck, 1883, p. 64.
[XX-2] Gumplowicz, _Grundriss der Sociologie_, tr. by Moore, 1885, p.
134.
[XX-3] Gumplowicz, _Sociologie und Politik_, p. 94.
[XX-4] Friedrich Nietzsche, _Genealogy of Morals_, New York, 1897, p.
46.
[XX-5] Nietzsche, _The Will to Power_, 1889, pp. 90, 269, 660 ff.
[XX-6] S. N. Patten, _A Theory of Social Forces_, 1896, Ch. IV.
[XX-7] T. N. Carver, _Essays in Social Justice_, Harvard University
Press, 1915, pp. 30, 34.
[XX-8] Ibid., p. 46.
[XX-9] Ibid., pp. 49, 50.
[XX-10] Ibid., p. 56.
[XX-11] Ibid., p. 77.
[XX-12] Op. cit.
[XX-13] T. N. Carver, _Principles of Political Economy_, Ginn, 1919,
pp. 37 ff. Also see _Essays in Social Justice_, p. 86.
[XX-14] _Essays in Social Justice_, p. 86.
[XX-15] Ibid., p. 108.
[XX-16] _Principles of Political Economy_, p. 43.
[XX-17] J. Novicow, _War and its Alleged Benefits_, trans. by Seltzer,
Holt, 1911.
[XX-18] E. A. Ross, _Principles of Sociology_, Century, 1920, p. 167.
[XX-19] Ibid., p. 183.
[XX-20] Ibid., pp. 207, 206.
CHAPTER XXI
[XXI-1] Cf. S. H. Swinny, “Giambatista Vico,” _Sociological Review_,
Jan. 1914, pp. 50–57.
[XXI-2] Peter Kropotkin, _Mutual Aid; a Factor in Evolution_,
Doubleday, Page, 1902, p. 3.
[XXI-3] Ibid., p. VII; cf. Kropotkin, _Fields, Factories and
Workshops_, Putnam, 1901, Ch. 1.
[XXI-4] “_The State; Its Historic Role_,” London, 1898--reproduced in
_Man or the State_ by W. R. Browne, Huebsch, 1919, p. 21.
[XXI-5] Gustav Ratzenhofer, _Die sociologische Erkenntniss_, Leipzig,
1898, Sect. 22; see A. W. Small. _General Sociology_, University of
Chicago Press, 1905, Ch. XIII.
[XXI-6] _Soziologie_, Leipzig, 1907, pp. 13–17.
[XXI-7] _Die sociologische Erkenntniss_, p. 233.
[XXI-8] Albion W. Small, _General Sociology_, ibid., p. 196.
[XXI-9] Ibid., pp. 433 ff.
[XXI-10] Ibid., pp. 201 ff.
[XXI-11] Ibid., p. 217.
[XXI-12] Ibid., p. 325.
[XXI-13] Ibid., pp. 389, 390.
[XXI-14] _Between Eras, From Capitalism to Democracy_, Inter-Collegiate
Press, 1913, Ch. XXIII.
[XXI-15] E. A. Ross, _Principles of Sociology_, Century, 1920, p. 121.
[XXI-16] Ibid., p. 135.
[XXI-17] _The Function of Socialization in Social Evolution_, Univ. of
Chicago Press, 1916.
[XXI-18] Ross, op. cit., pp. 257 ff.
[XXI-19] Ibid., p. 395.
[XXI-20] Ibid., p. 405.
[XXI-21] L. T. Hobhouse, _Social Evolution and Political Theory_,
Lemcke, 1911, p. 127.
[XXI-22] C. H. Cooley, _Social Process_, Scribners, 1918, p. 38.
CHAPTER XXII
[XXII-1] David Hume, _A Treatise of Human Nature_, edit. by
Selby-Bigge, Oxford, 1896, p. 363.
[XXII-2] Ibid., p. 362.
[XXII-3] Ibid., pp. 499, 500.
[XXII-4] Ibid., p. 521.
[XXII-5] Ibid., pp. 575 ff.
[XXII-6] Ibid., p. 535.
[XXII-7] Gabriel Tarde, _The Laws of Imitation_, tr. by Parsons, Holt,
1903, p. XVII.
[XXII-8] Ibid., p. 59.
[XXII-9] Ibid., p. 146.
[XXII-10] Ibid., p. 74.
[XXII-11] Ibid., p. 78.
[XXII-12] Ibid., p. 87.
[XXII-13] Ibid., p. 114.
[XXII-14] Ibid., p. 39.
[XXII-15] Ibid., p. 141 ff.
[XXII-16] Ibid., p. 213; cf. Tarde, _Social Laws_, trans. by Warren,
Macmillan, 1907, p. 65.
[XXII-17] _The Laws of Imitation_, p. 225.
[XXII-18] Ibid., p. 111.
[XXII-19] Ibid., p. 14.
[XXII-20] Ibid., p. 288.
[XXII-21] Ibid., pp. 341 ff.
[XXII-22] Ibid., p. 369.
[XXII-23] Ibid., p. 30.
[XXII-24] _Social Laws_, p. 132.
[XXII-25] _Laws of Imitation_, p. 169.
[XXII-26] _Social Laws_, p. 195.
[XXII-27] Ibid., p. 204.
[XXII-28] Ibid., p. 171; cf. Tarde, _La logique sociale_, Paris, 1898,
Ch. IV.
[XXII-29] _Laws of Imitation_, p. 87.
[XXII-30] Ibid., p. 138.
[XXII-31] Ibid., p. 344.
[XXII-32] Ibid.,
[XXII-33] Ibid., p. 387.
[XXII-34] E. A. Ross, _Social Psychology_, Macmillan, 1908, p. viii.
[XXII-35] M. M. Davis, Jr., _Psychological Interpretations of Society_,
Longmans, Green, 1909.
[XXII-36] Tarde, _L’opinion et la foule_, Paris, 1901, pp. 177 ff. Cf.
Sighele, _Psychologic des sectes_, Paris, 1898, pp. 45 ff.
[XXII-37] F. H. Giddings, _Principles of Sociology_, Macmillan, 1896,
p. 17.
[XXII-38] Ibid., pp. 71, 126 ff.
[XXII-39] Ibid., pp. 101 ff. Cf. Giddings, _Descriptive and Historical
Sociology_, Macmillan, 1911, Ch. III.
[XXII-40] _Principles of Sociology_, p. 109; _Descriptive and
Historical Sociology_, pp. 157 ff.
[XXII-41] _Principles of Sociology_, p. 138.
[XXII-42] Ibid., pp. 141 ff.
[XXII-43] Ibid., pp. 147 ff.
[XXII-44] _Descriptive and Historical Sociology_, p. 541. Cf. Giddings,
_Inductive Sociology_, Macmillan, 1914, Part III.
[XXII-45] _American Journal of Sociology_, Vol. XXV, p. 387.
[XXII-46] Ibid., p. 388.
[XXII-47] J. M. Baldwin, _Social and Ethical Interpretations_,
Macmillan, 1906, p. 15.
[XXII-48] Ibid., p. 18.
[XXII-49] Ibid., pp. 529 ff.
CHAPTER XXIII
[XXIII-1] C. H. Cooley, _Social Organization_, Scribner, 1909, p. 5.
[XXIII-2] C. H. Cooley, _Human Nature and the Social Order_, Scribner,
1902, p. 3.
[XXIII-3] Ibid., p. 5.
[XXIII-4] Ibid., pp. 152 ff.
[XXIII-5] _Social Organization_, ibid., p. 11.
[XXIII-6] Ibid., p. 12.
[XXIII-7] Ibid., p. 26.
[XXIII-8] Ibid., p. 28.
[XXIII-9] Ibid., p. 37.
[XXIII-10] Ibid., p. 61.
[XXIII-11] Ibid., p. 63.
[XXIII-12] Ibid., p. 80.
[XXIII-13] Ibid., p. 103.
[XXIII-14] Ibid., p. 121.
[XXIII-15] Cooley, _Social Process_, Scribner, 1918, pp. 68 ff.
[XXIII-16] _Social Organization_, ibid., Chs. XVIII, XXV-XXVII.
[XXIII-17] Ibid., p. 320; cf. _Social Process_, 297 ff.
[XXIII-18] _Introduction to Social Psychology_, Luce, 1914, pp. 23 ff.
[XXIII-19] Ibid., pp. 268, 322, 279.
[XXIII-20] E. A. Ross, _Principles of Sociology_, Century, 1920, Chs.
XXXIV, XXXV. Cf. Ross, _Social Control_, Macmillan, 1910, Chs. VII,
VIII.
[XXIII-21] _Social Control_, ibid., pp. 49 ff.
[XXIII-22] Ibid., Chs. X ff.
[XXIII-23] Ibid., pp. 257 ff.
[XXIII-24] Ibid., pp. 411 ff.
[XXIII-25] Ibid., Ch. XXXI.
[XXIII-26] Ross, _Social Psychology_, Macmillan, 1908, Ch. II.
[XXIII-27] Ibid., p. 70. Cf. McDougall, _Introduction to Social
Psychology_, ibid., Ch. IV.
[XXIII-28] Ross, _Social Psychology_, Ch. XVIII.
[XXIII-29] See Chapter XVIII of this book.
[XXIII-30] Ross, _Principles of Sociology_, Ch. XLII.
[XXIII-31] Ibid., Ch. XXXVI.
[XXIII-32] Ibid., Ch. XXXVIII.
[XXIII-33] Ibid., pp. 549 ff.
[XXIII-34] Ibid., p. 564.
[XXIII-35] Ibid., p. 590.
[XXIII-36] Ibid., p. 626.
[XXIII-37] Ibid.
[XXIII-38] Ibid., p. 632.
[XXIII-39] Ibid., p. 652.
[XXIII-40] Ibid., p. 653.
[XXIII-41] Ibid., p. 693.
[XXIII-42] Graham Wallas, _The Great Society_, Macmillan, 1914, p. 11.
[XXIII-43] Ibid., p. 276.
[XXIII-44] Ibid., p. 319.
[XXIII-45] Ibid., p. 368.
[XXIII-46] C. A. Ellwood, _Sociology in its Psychological Aspects_,
Appleton, 1912, Ch. IX.
[XXIII-47] Ibid., p. 100.
[XXIII-48] Ibid., p. 117.
[XXIII-49] G. H. Mead, “Social Consciousness and the Consciousness of
Meaning,” _Psychological Bulletin_, VII: 405.
[XXIII-50] Ellwood, _Sociology in its Psychological Aspects_, p. 153.
Cf. _Introduction to Social Psychology_, p. 149.
[XXIII-51] Ellwood, _Sociology in its Psychological Aspects_, p. 138.
[XXIII-52] Ellwood, _Introduction to Social Psychology_, p. 149.
[XXIII-53] Ibid., p. 147.
[XXIII-54] Ibid., p. 151.
[XXIII-55] Ibid., p. 170.
[XXIII-56] Ellwood, _The Social Problem_, Macmillan, 1919, p. 2.
[XXIII-57] Ibid., p. 4.
[XXIII-58] E. C. Hayes, _Introduction to the Study of Sociology_,
Appleton, 1915, p. 586.
[XXIII-59] Ibid.
[XXIII-60] Ibid., pp. 586 ff.
[XXIII-61] Ibid., pp. 664 ff.
[XXIII-62] Ibid., p. 669.
[XXIII-63] T. Veblen, _The Theory of the Leisure Class_, Macmillan,
1912, p. 31.
[XXIII-64] Ibid., p. 169.
[XXIII-65] Ibid., p. 68.
[XXIII-66] Ibid., p. 38.
[XXIII-67] Veblen, _The Instinct of Workmanship_, Macmillan, 1914, p.
349.
[XXIII-68] _The Theory of the Leisure Class_, p. 15.
[XXIII-69] Ibid., p. 17.
[XXIII-70] Publications of the American Sociological Society, Vol. XII,
p. 2.
[XXIII-71] Ibid., p. 27.
[XXIII-72] Ibid., p. 59.
[XXIII-73] Ibid., p. 68.
[XXIII-74] Ibid., p. 3.
[XXIII-75] Ibid., p. 6.
[XXIII-76] Ibid., p. 10.
CHAPTER XXIV
[XXIV-1] For example, see C. R. Henderson, _Modern Methods of Charity_,
Macmillan, 1904.
[XXIV-2] See Webb, _The Prevention of Destitution_, Longmans, Green,
1912.
[XXIV-3] See Devine, _Misery and its Causes_, Macmillan, 1913; also
Devine, _The Principles of Relief_, Macmillan, 1904.
[XXIV-4] Also, see Amos G. Warner, _American Charities_, Crowell, 1919,
3rd. edit.
[XXIV-5] Henry George, _Progress and Poverty_, Doubleday, Page, 1916.
[XXIV-6] Lombroso, _Crime, Its Causes and Remedies_, Little, Brown,
1911.
[XXIV-7] Wines and Lane, _Punishment and Reformation_, Crowell, 1919,
Ch. X.
[XXIV-8] T. M. Osborne, _Society and Prisons_, Yale University Press,
1916.
[XXIV-9] Burleigh and Bierstadt, _Punishment_, Holt, 1916.
[XXIV-10] See G. B. Mangold, _Problems of Child Welfare_, Macmillan,
1914.
[XXIV-11] A. W. Small, _Between Eras, From Capitalism to Democracy_,
Inter-Collegiate Press, 1913.
[XXIV-12] See W. H. Beveridge, _Unemployment_, Longmans, Green, 1912.
[XXIV-13] George Elliott Howard, _A History of Matrimonial
Institutions_, University of Chicago Press, 1904.
[XXIV-14] Edward Westermarck, _History of Human Marriage_, Macmillan,
1902.
[XXIV-15] A. W. Calhoun, _A Social History of the American Family_,
Clark, 1917–1919.
[XXIV-16] Helen Bosanquet, _The Family_, Macmillan, 1915.
[XXIV-17] Willystine Goodsell, _A History of the Family as a Social and
Educational Institution_, Macmillan, 1915.
[XXIV-18] Booker T. Washington, _Up from Slavery_, Doubleday, Page,
1901.
[XXIV-19] W. E. B. DuBois, _Darkwater_, Harcourt, Brace and Howe, 1920.
[XXIV-20] Peter Roberts, _The Problem of Americanization_, Macmillan,
1920.
[XXIV-21] J. K. Hart, _Community Organization_, Macmillan, 1920.
[XXIV-22] M. C. Elmer, _Technique of Social Surveys_, World Co.,
Lawrence, Kansas, 1917.
CHAPTER XXV
[XXV-1] _Democracy and Education_, Macmillan, 1916, p. 6.
[XXV-2] Ibid., p. 16.
[XXV-3] Ibid., p. 19.
[XXV-4] Ibid., pp. 26, 27.
[XXV-5] Ibid., p. 41.
[XXV-6] Cf. ibid., p. 416.
[XXV-7] See M. V. O’Shea, _Social Development and Education_, Houghton
Mifflin, 1909; David Snedden, _Sociological Determination of Objectives
in Education_, Lippincott, 1921; W. R. Smith, _Educational Sociology_,
Macmillan, 1917; Irving King, _Social Aspects of Education_, Macmillan,
1912; also King, _Education for Social Efficiency_, Appleton, 1913;
F. R. Clow, _Principles of Sociology with Educational Applications_,
Macmillan, 1920; G. H. Betts, _Social Principles of Education_,
Scribner, 1913; S. T. Dutton, _Social Phases of Education_, Macmillan,
1907.
[XXV-8] Smith, _Educational Sociology_, p. 669.
[XXV-9] Snedden, _American Journal of Sociology_, 25:132 ff.; see also,
Snedden, _Sociological Determination of Objectives in Education_,
Lippincott, 1921, p. 15.
[XXV-10] Snedden, _Sociological Determination of Objectives in
Education_, p. 94.
[XXV-11] Ibid., pp. 97, 107.
[XXV-12] Ibid., pp. 109, 267.
[XXV-13] Ibid., p. 228.
CHAPTER XXVI
[XXVI-1] Gladden, _Social Facts and Forces_, Putnam, 1897, p. 37.
[XXVI-2] Ibid., p. 152.
[XXVI-3] Ibid., p. 81.
[XXVI-4] Ibid.
[XXVI-5] Gladden, _Social Salvation_, Houghton Mifflin, 1902, p. 14.
[XXVI-6] Ibid., p. 7.
[XXVI-7] Ibid., p. 136; cf. Rauschenbusch, _A Theology for the Social
Gospel_, Macmillan, 1918, pp. 8, 91.
[XXVI-8] Strong, _The New Era_, Baker and Taylor, 1893, p. 121.
[XXVI-9] Ibid., p. 124.
[XXVI-10] Ely, _Social Aspects of Christianity_, Crowell, 1889, p. 17.
[XXVI-11] Ibid., p. 65.
[XXVI-12] Ibid., p. 73.
[XXVI-13] See Peabody, _Jesus Christ and the Social Question_,
Macmillan, 1900.
[XXVI-14] See Mathews, _The Social Teachings of Jesus_, Macmillan,
1897; _The Church and the Changing Order_, Macmillan, 1907; _The Gospel
and the Modern Man_, Macmillan, 1910.
[XXVI-15] See Rauschenbusch, _Christianity and the Social Crisis_,
Macmillan, 1913; _Christianizing the Social Order_, Macmillan, 1912; _A
Theology for the Social Gospel_, Macmillan, 1918.
[XXVI-16] See Batten, _The Social Task of Christianity_, Revell, 1911.
[XXVI-17] See Ward, _The New Social Order_, Macmillan, 1919.
[XXVI-18] See H. A. Atkinson, _The Church and the People’s Play_,
Pilgrim Press, 1915.
[XXVI-19] See John Ryan, _Distributive Justice_, Macmillan, 1910; and
_Social Reconstruction_, Macmillan, 1920.
[XXVI-20] See Charles Stelzle, _The Workingman and Social Problems_,
Revell, 1903.
[XXVI-21] See _Religion in Social Action_, Dodd, Mead, 1913.
[XXVI-22] _Christianity and the Social Crisis_, supra, p. xiii.
[XXVI-23] Ibid., p. 145.
[XXVI-24] Ibid., p. 147.
[XXVI-25] Ibid., p. 149.
[XXVI-26] Ibid., pp. 201 ff.
[XXVI-27] Ibid., p. 33.
[XXVI-28] Ibid., p. 91.
[XXVI-29] Ibid., p. 74.
[XXVI-30] Ibid., p. 342.
[XXVI-31] Ibid., p. 386.
[XXVI-32] _Christianizing the Social Order_, p. 1.
[XXVI-33] Ibid., p. 2.
[XXVI-34] Ibid., p. 125.
[XXVI-35] Ibid., p. 320.
[XXVI-36] Ibid., pp. 113, 114.
[XXVI-37] Ibid., pp. 121, 122.
[XXVI-38] _A Theology for a Social Gospel_, pp. 4, 5, 48.
[XXVI-39] Ibid., p. 182.
[XXVI-40] “Social Reconstruction,” Nat’l Catholic War Council,
Washington, 1919, p. 22.
[XXVI-41] Loc. cit.
[XXVI-42] Ibid., p. 24.
[XXVI-43] Ward, _The New Social Order_, p. 74.
[XXVI-44] Ibid., p. 112.
[XXVI-45] Ibid., p. 114.
[XXVI-46] Ibid., p. 121.
[XXVI-47] Ibid., p. 125.
[XXVI-48] Loc. cit.
[XXVI-49] Ibid.
[XXVI-50] Ibid., p. 143.
[XXVI-51] Ibid., p. 159.
[XXVI-52] Ibid., p. 287.
[XXVI-53] Ibid., p. 363.
[XXVI-54] Ibid., p. 21.
[XXVI-55] Ibid., p. 25.
[XXVI-56] Coe, _Psychology of Religion_, University of Chicago Press,
1916, p. xiv.
[XXVI-57] Coe, _A Social Theory of Religious Education_, Scribner,
1917, pp. 59, 58.
CHAPTER XXVII
[XXVII-1] De Greef, _Introduction a la Sociologie_, Paris, 1911, T. I.,
pp. 189, 202.
[XXVII-2] _General Sociology_, pp. 718 ff.
[XXVII-3] Ibid., p. 442.
CHAPTER XXVIII
[XXVIII-1] Blackmar and Gillin’s _Outlines of Sociology_ is one of the
best textbooks in sociology.
INDEX
A
Abstract thinking, 14.
Achievement, 299.
Acquisitiveness, 286.
Adaptation, 377.
Addams, Jane, 424, 429.
Aeschylus, 76.
African social proverbs, 23 ff.
Aggregation, 383.
Alcoholism, 333.
Amaurote, island of, 160.
American Sociological Society, 419.
Americanization, 438.
Amos, 59, 68, 71, 72.
Amusements, 439.
Anarchism, 240.
Anthropology, 301.
Anticipation, principle of, 404.
Aquinas, Thomas, 150.
Applied sociology, 423 ff.
Arabian social proverbs, 31.
Aristophanes, 78.
Aristotle and social thought, 74, 101 ff., 203, 476.
Association, laws of, 219, 338, 383.
Associations, productive, 233.
Assyrian social thought, 42 ff.
Astronomy, 218.
Augustine, Saint, 146.
Aurelius, Marcus, 116.
Australian social proverbs, 27.
B
Babeuf, 229.
Babylonian social thought, 29 ff.
Bacon, Francis, 167, 174, 175 ff.
Bagehot, 380.
Bakunin, 239.
Balance, principle of, 405.
Baldwin, J. M., 386.
Beccaria, 427.
Behavior, pluralistic, 386.
Bellamy, Edward, 169.
Bentham, 194.
Berkeley, George, 368.
Biology, 219.
Birth control, 207.
Birth rate, 250, 330.
Blackmar and Gillin, 503.
Blackstone, 91.
Blanc, 228.
Boas, Franz, 321.
Bodin, 246, 368.
Bolshevism, 238, 403, 434, 469.
Bosanquet, 436.
Brinton, D. G., 353.
British Labor Party, 469.
Brockway, 428.
Brotherhood of man, 122.
Bücher, 482.
Buckle, 246 ff.
Buddhism, 42.
Bulgarian social proverbs, 30.
Burgess, E. W., 363.
Burke, Edmund, 191.
Business, theory of, 169.
C
Caesar, Julius, 115.
Calculus, 217.
Calhoun, A. W., 436.
Callicles, 78.
Cameralism, 188 ff.
Campanella, 168.
Canons, social, 415 ff.
Capital punishment, 94.
Capitalism, 236, 433, 435, 451, 457, 451.
Carlyle, 425.
Carver, T. N., 207, 345.
Caucasian, 235.
Catholic War Council, 462.
Censorship, 93.
Chapin, F. S., 419.
Chemistry, 218.
Chinese social thought, 45 ff.
Chinese social proverbs, 49 ff.
Chivalry, 149.
Christianity, social, 121 ff., 232, 423, 441.
Church fathers, the, 146.
Cicero, 114, 115.
Cingalese social proverbs, 32.
Cities of refuge, 69.
Citizenship, 447, 491.
City planning, 160.
Civilization, 248, 287, 310, 385.
Classes, 287, 311, 370, 381, 405, 457.
Class conflict, 251, 457.
Classification of the sciences, 216.
Cleisthenes, 76.
Climate, 248.
Code of Hammurapi, 40.
Coe, G. A., 472.
Colbert, 187.
Commercialization, 401.
Commercialized religion, 129.
Communication, 391, 409.
Communism, 103, 111.
Communist manifesto, 234.
Comte, Auguste, 209 ff., 282, 485.
Concrete thinking, 14.
Conation, 297.
Conflict of races, 305.
Conflict theories, 338 ff., 383.
Confucius, 45 ff.
Conjugal love, 290.
Consanguineal love, 291.
Consciousness, 390.
Consciousness of kind, 365, 381.
Control, concept of, 323.
Cooley, C. H., 324, 365, 389 ff., 445, 446.
Co-operation, 170, 259 ff., 354.
Crawford, Daniel, 25.
Crime, 414, 425.
Crises, 323, 342.
Crusades, the, 148.
Custom imitation, 376.
Customs, control of, 22, 94.
D
Danish social proverbs, 30, 31.
Darwin, 258, 315.
Davenport, C. B., 326.
Deception, 286.
Definition of social thought, 13.
De Greef, 484.
Delinquency, 26, 430.
Deluge, account of, 42.
Democracy, 69, 70, 99, 198, 375, 420, 467.
Democratization of social thought, 11.
Desire, 284.
Determinism, 346.
Deuteronomic Code, 64, 65.
Devine, E. T., 425.
Dewey, John, 444, 446.
Dickens, 424.
Discussion, 400.
DuBois, W. E. B., 438.
Duprat, G. L., 381.
E
Earliest social thought, 20 ff.
Early Christian social thought, 121 ff.
Education, 73, 93 ff., 110, 163, 224, 299, 393, 415, 421.
Educational sociology, 447, 449.
Efficiency, 466.
Egyptian social thought, 36 ff.
Ellwood, C. A., 407 ff.
Elmira reformatory, 428.
Ely, R. T., 415, 455.
Engels, 482.
English social proverbs, 33 ff.
Environment, 336, 444.
Epaminondas, 78.
Epicurus, 112.
Epictetus, 119.
Equality, 465.
Equality of races, 303.
Ethnocentrism, 307.
Ethnology, 303.
Esthetic forces, 293.
Eugenics, 109, 325, 342.
Euripides, 77.
Evolution, 262, 301.
F
Family, the, 131, 141, 163, 223, 403, 415, 430.
Fashion imitation, 160, 376.
Fear, 310.
Federal Council of the Churches, 461.
Feminism, 204, 309, 332, 436.
Ferguson, 186.
Fetishism, 213.
Feudalism, 148.
Fichte, 193.
Filipino social proverbs, 27, 28.
Fiske, John, 215, 268.
Folk psychology, 319.
Folk thinking, 21 ff.
Folkways, 306.
Food supply, 201, ff.
Fourier, 227.
Francis, Saint, 149, 424.
Froebel, 443.
Functional analogies, 272.
G
Galton, 325.
Genealogy, 335.
Genius, 298.
Geographic social thought, 246 ff.
George, Henry, 61, 241, 425.
Giddings, F. H., 381, 411, 446.
Gladden, Washington, 451.
God, kingdom of, 122 ff., 132, 454.
Godwin, William, 198.
Golden Rule, the, 124.
Goodsell, W., 436.
Government, 103 ff., 283.
Gaunt, John, 480.
Great Society, the, 406.
Grecian social thought, 74 ff.
Gregariousness, 219, 269.
Grotius, 354.
Group loyalty of Hebrews, 58.
Groups, 381.
Guardians, Plato’s, 83, 86 ff.
Guild socialism, 403.
Gumplowicz, 339.
H
Habit, 323.
Hammurapi, 40 ff.
Harrington, 168.
Hayes, E. C., 414.
Hebrew social thought, 54 ff.
Hegel, 193.
Henderson, C. R., 423.
Heredity, 298, 328, 336.
Herodetus, 76.
Hesiod, 75.
High school sociology, 49.
Hippocrates, 78.
History of social movement, 13.
Hobbes, 177, 368.
Hobhouse, 316 ff., 322, 334, 364.
Hosea, 65, 71.
Housing problems, 437.
Howard, George Elliott, 418, 436.
Howard, John, 427.
Humanitarianism, 225.
Humboldt, 247.
Hume, 165, 247, 368.
Huntington, E., 255.
I
Ibn Khaldun, 151.
Ideals, 313, 344, 420.
Illegitimacy, 424.
Imitation, laws of, 272, 399, 409.
Immigration, 437.
Immorality, 66, 314.
Individualism, 170, 173 ff., 389, 478.
Individualization, 405.
Individual responsibility, 448.
Industry, 473.
Industrial democracy, 362.
Industrial thought, 16, 170.
Industrial Workers of the World, 239.
Innovation, 297.
Instinct, 396.
Insurance, social, 434.
Institutions, social, 312, 394, 467.
Intellectual forces, 294.
Interest, 359, 486.
Intemperance, 68.
Intermarriage of races, 304.
Internationalism, 71, 275, 283, 460.
Invention, 373.
Iron law of wages, 233.
Isaiah, 60, 68, 72.
J
Jahweh, 58, 70 ff.
James, the apostle, 142.
Japanese social proverbs, 27.
Jeremiah, 63.
Jesus, 121 ff., 454, 471, 476.
Job, 71.
John, the apostle, 143.
Justice, 58, 73, 99 ff.
Juvenile court, 431.
Juvenile delinquency, 26.
K
Kant, 192.
Kellor, A. G., 315.
Kelsey, Carl, 419.
Kent, C. F., 72.
Kingdom of God, 122 ff., 132.
Kropotkin, 240, 355.
L
Labor conditions, 163, 233, 248, 432.
Labor strikes, 57.
Laissez faire theories, 195, 196, 266, 277.
Lamarck, 257.
Land equalization, 102, 147, 242.
Langland, William, 152.
Language, 391, 409.
Lao-tse, 48.
Lassalle, 233.
Law, 142, 159, 197, 319.
Lazarus and Steinthal, 371.
League of Nations, 469.
Le Bon, 381.
Legal science, 119.
Leisure, 416.
Le Play, 481.
Lewes, George Henry, 212.
Liebknecht, 236.
Lilienfeld, von, 270.
Lindsey, Ben B., 429.
Locke, John, 79.
Lombroso, 427.
Love, 24, 73, 123 ff., 290, 366.
Lucretius, 114.
Luke, Saint, 124.
Luxury, 162.
Lycurgus, 75.
M
Machiavelli, 173 ff.
Mackenzie, J. S., 273.
Maine, Henry, 195.
Malthus, 200 ff.
Malthusianism, 32, 199 ff., 230, 243.
Mann, Horace, 144.
Marcus Aurelius, 166.
Manu, laws of, 42.
Marriage, institutions of, 65, 202, 289, 330.
Plato’s conception of, 90.
Aristotle’s conception of, 109.
Jesus’ conception of, 131, 132.
Marx, 234 ff.
Martineau, Harriet, 212.
Materialism, 222.
Mathematics, 217.
Maternal love, 291.
McDougall, William, 395.
Mead, G. H., 409.
Meliorism, 293.
Mencius, 49.
Mendelian laws, 327.
Mental defectiveness, 430.
Mercantilism, 187 ff.
Metaphysics, 215.
Methodology, 487.
Micah, 61, 72.
Middle classes, the, 107, 465.
Militarism, 215.
Mill, James, 194.
Mill, John Stuart, 194, 212.
Miscegenation, 334.
Monasteries, 150.
Money, love of, 162.
Money-making, 287.
Monotheism, 213.
Montesquieu, 184, 247.
More, Thomas, 155 ff., 173, 367, 476.
Morris, William, 168.
Moses, 55.
Moral restraint, 208, 430.
Morality, 293, 342.
Mores, 313.
Morley, John, 212.
Motives, 307.
Mutation, 328.
N
Natural selection, 259, 410.
Newton, Isaac, 368.
Nietzsche, 193, 341.
Negro, 335, 438, 472.
Novicow, 249.
O
Old Testament social thought, 55 ff.
Oligarchy, 98.
Opposition, 373, 377.
Orano, P., 381.
Organic analogies, 365 ff., 478.
Organization, 363, 386, 406.
Osborne. T. M., 429.
Owen, Robert, 230, 354.
P
Pain economy, 344.
Paine, T., 187.
Parental negligence, 431.
Patten. S. N., 343.
Patriotism, Hebrew, 71.
Paul, Saint, 138 ff.
Peace, universal, 72.
Penn, William, 428.
Penology, 166.
Pearson, Karl, 326.
Pericles, 77.
Personality, 336, 353, 392, 467.
Persian social thought, 52 ff.
Pestalozzi, 442.
Petrarch, 173.
Pharaoh, 57.
Philosophical thought, 16.
Physical education, 96, 110.
Physics, 218.
Physiocrats, 181.
Pittsburg Survey, 483.
Plato, 74 ff., 203, 367, 476.
Pleasure economy, 344.
Pluralistic behavior, 386.
Polybius, 112.
Polygamy, 38.
Polytheism, 213.
Poor-laws, 204.
Popenoe, P., 326.
Population theories, 199 ff., 250.
Portuguese social proverbs, 31.
Positivism, 214, 477.
Pound, Roscoe, 197.
Poverty, 59 ff., 91 ff., 107, 108, 133, 155, 190, 423, 425, 442.
Practicalism, 12.
Prevision, 222.
Priestcraft, 288.
Primitive people, 20 ff.
Prisons, 428.
Profitism, 402, 434.
Progress, 281, 299.
Proletariat, 237.
Property, 102, 132, 229, 232, 234, 285.
Proudhon, 229.
Proverbs, Book of, 169.
Proverbs, social, 23 ff.
Psychology, 319.
Public health, 109, 160, 438.
Public opinion, 393.
Punishment, 94, 166, 429.
Pure sociology, 28.
Q
Quetelet, 480.
R
Race equality, 303, 321, 334, 340.
Racial conflicts, 305, 438.
Racial intermarriage, 303.
Rationalism, 213.
Rauschenbusch, 455 ff.
Ratzel, 254.
Ratzenhofer, 350, 357.
Reform, social, 402.
Religion, 97, 353.
Religious education, 164, 472.
Religious thought, 15.
Renaissance, 173.
Republic, Plato’s, 74.
Reproductive forces, 289.
Revolution, social, 108, 412.
Ripley, 255.
Rochdale pioneers, the, 355.
Rodbertus, 232.
Roman social thought, 114 ff.
Roosevelt, 24.
Ross, E. A., 62, 350, 363, 380, 395, 400, 403, 415.
Rousseau, 182 ff.
Russia, 238.
S
Sabotage, 239.
Saleeby, C. W., 326, 333.
Salvation, social, 73.
Schaeffle, 271 ff.
Schmidkunz, H., 380.
Scholasticism, 150 ff.
Sciences, classification of, 216.
Scientific management, 449.
Selection, natural, 259, 328, 411.
Self, 387, 389.
Self interest, 340.
Semple, E. C., 78, 254.
Seneca, 116.
Sentiments, 397.
Service, 138.
Sex, 296, 308, 332, 436.
Sex immortality, 66.
Sex inequality, 292.
Sighele, 381.
Simulation, 404.
Sin, 130, 140.
Single tax, 241.
Slavery, 232, 464.
Slums, 453.
Small, A. W., 350, 359, 433, 486.
Smith, Adam, 89, 199, 308, 370.
Smith, W. R., 447.
Snedden, D., 448.
Sociability, 353.
Social anthropology, 334.
Social case work, 441.
Social centers, 160.
Social change, 409.
Social Christianity, 121 ff., 232, 454, 472.
Social control, 104, 398, 414, 419.
Social delinquency, 26.
Social democracy, 130, 233.
Social dynamics, 200, 280, 296.
Social evolution, 224, 284.
Social improvement, 222.
Social injustice, 73, 129.
Social institutions, 311.
Social insurance, 334.
Social laws, 221.
Social process, 357, 393, 395, 487.
Social progress, 299.
Social proverbs, 23 ff.
African, 24 ff.
Arabian, 31.
Australian, 27.
Bulgarian, 30.
Chinese, 49.
Cingalese, 32.
Danish, 30, 31.
English, 33 ff.
Filipino, 27, 28.
Social psychology, 324, 380, 397.
Social reconstruction, 402, 454.
Social reform, 441, 454.
Social responsibility, 68.
Social revolution, 108.
Social salvation, 73.
Social service, 138, 463.
Social service director, 473.
Social statics, 200, 280.
Social technology, 423, 425, 440.
Social telesis, 108, 277, 298, 441.
Social thought,
Japanese, 28.
Mexican, 32.
Portuguese, 31.
Assyrian, 42.
Babylonian, 29 ff.
Chinese, 45 ff.
Christian, 121 ff.
Confucian, 46 ff.
Definition of, 13.
Demands upon, 17.
Democratization of, 11.
Earliest, 20 ff.
Early Christian, 121 ff.
Egyptian, 36 ff.
Eugenic, 325 ff.
Grecian, 74 ff.
Hebrew, 54 ff.
Individualistic, 173 ff.
Nature of, 14.
Primitive, 20 ff.
Persian, 52 ff.
Roman, 114 ff.
Scope of, 18.
Stoic, 112, 115 ff.
Vedic, 42.
Social values, 223.
Social variations, 223.
Socialization, 361, 363.
Socialism, 206, 226 ff., 244, 403.
Sociocracy, 299.
Sociology, 209, 361.
Applied, 423 ff.
Educational, 447, 449.
Sociological investigation, 475 ff.
Socrates, 75, 79 ff.
Soil fertility, 248.
Solidarity, 468.
Solon, 75.
Sophists, 75.
Sorel, 239.
Sparta, 111.
Spencer, Herbert, 195, 214, 258 ff., 339, 371.
Spencer and Gillen, 27.
Spinoza, 178, 354.
Standards, 402.
State, doctrine of, 193, 357.
Statistics, 482.
Stoicism, 112, 115 ff.
Strong, Josiah, 451, 454.
Suggestion, 399, 409.
Sumner, W. G., 196, 306.
Superman, 342.
Success, 416.
Sympathy, 185, 369.
Syndicalism, 239.
Syphogrants, 157.
T
Tainted money, 452.
Tarde, 350, 372 ff., 400.
Teaching sociology, 489 ff.
Telesis, social, 108, 277, 298, 441.
Theocracy, 70.
Theory, need of, 12.
Thomas, W. I., 301, 322.
Thrasymachus, 78.
Timocracy, 98.
Traditions, 384.
Trotter, W., 397.
Tuberculosis, 333, 439.
U
Unemployment, 435.
Universal peace, 72.
Utilitarianism, 192.
Utopia, More’s, 156 ff.
V
Values, social, 311, 324.
Vanity, 310.
Veblen, 285, 415 ff.
Vedic social thought, 44.
Venereal disease, 333.
Vice, 369.
Vico, 351.
Vocational education, 449.
W
Wages fund theory, 232.
Wallas, Graham, 406.
War, 108, 164, 165, 283, 331, 347, 356, 358, 417, 420.
Ward, H. F., 461, 463 ff., 478.
Ward, Lester F., 196, 267, 277 ff., 371, 409, 479.
Washington, B. T., 438.
Wealth, 91, 133, 142, 161, 250, 416.
Webbs, the, 425.
Webster, Hutton, 419.
Weismann, 329.
Wells, H. G., 171.
Westermarck, 316.
Western civilization, 411, 436.
Wisdom teachers, 67.
Woman, 309, 432.
Work, 285.
Workmanship, 418.
World empire, 320.
World peace, 72.
World war, 412.
Worms, Renê, 273.
Wundt, 319.
Z
Zephaniah, 63.
Zoroaster, 52.
Transcriber’s Notes
Punctuation, hyphenation, and spelling were made consistent when a
predominant preference was found in the original book; otherwise they
were not changed.
Simple typographical errors were corrected; unbalanced quotation
marks were remedied when the change was obvious, and otherwise left
unbalanced.
Incorrect page references in the Table of Contents were corrected.
The index was not checked for proper alphabetization or correct page
references.
Page 78: “fifty century” probably is an error for “Fifth century”.
Page 287: Quotation beginning “the spur of all” has no ending quotation
mark.
Footnote numbers in this eBook were made unique by prefixing the
original Arabic numbers with the Roman chapter numbers.
FOOTNOTE ERRATA
There are many mismatches and omissions between the footnote anchors in
the text and the footnotes themselves. Some of them remain unresolved;
the Transcriber changed these:
Page 94: “2” ➝ “53”
Page 99: “78” ➝ “76”
Page 137: added “30”
Page 166: “25” ➝ “26”
Page 223: “32” ➝ “23”
Page 402: “12” ➝ “32”
Page 403: “38” ➝ “37”
Page 450: “14” ➝ “13”
Page 460: first “37” ➝ “36”
Page 462: “50” ➝ “40”
Page 466: second “43” ➝ “44”
These anchors appear to be either deliberate duplicates or
uncorrectable typographical or placement errors:
Page 27: “5” refers to a non-existent Footnote
Page 70: “8”
Pages 175 and 177: duplicate “4”
Page 285: “23”; page 288 is missing “23”
Pages 459 and 460: “35” and “34” occur in reversed order
Page 460: “37”
These anchors are missing and no likely positions for them could be
identified:
Chapter IV: “7”, “9”
Chapter V: “11”
Chapter VIII: “5”
Chapter XI: “10”
Chapter XIII: “11”
Chapter XIV: “9”
Chapter XVI: “8”, “11”
Chapter XVII: “20”, “39”
Chapter XVIII: “20”, “26”, “35”, “44”
Chapter XIX: “8”
Chapter XXIII: “11”
Chapter XXVI: “38”
Chapter XXVII: “1”
These apparent footnote errors were corrected:
Page 498, Chapter XIII: second Footnote “14” ➝ “15”
Page 499, Chapter XVI: second Footnote “16” ➝ “17”
Page 503, Chapter XXVI: first Footnote “16” ➝ “15”
This footnote error was uncorrectable:
Page 501, Chapter XXII: Footnote 32 is missing a page reference.