[1] _New Cabinet Cyclopædia._
[2] _Archæologia_, vol. iii. 1775.
[3] John Kitto, D. D., _Cyclopædia of Biblical Art_.
[4] John Beckman, _A History of Inventions_.
[5] Carmen XVIII. 26.
[6] Suetonius: “Soleis mularum argenteis.”
[7] Pliny: “Jumentis suis soleas ex auro induere.”
[8] Fosbroke, _Dictionary of Antiquities_.
[9] _Knight’s Mechanical Dictionary._
[10] Alexander Adam, LL. D., _Roman Antiquities_.
[11] _Archæologia_, vol. xlvii.
[12] _Scribner’s Magazine_, November, 1894.
[13] John Beckman, _A History of Inventions_.
[14] Fosbroke, _Archæologia_, vol. iii.
[15] _Notes and Queries_, series 3, vol. v. 1864.
[16] _Leicestershire and Rutland Notes and Queries_, vol. i. 1889-91.
[17] Margaret G. Finch, _The History of Oakham Castle_. Oakham, 1897.
[18] _Chambers’ Journal_, March 10, 1866.
[19] Cameron’s _Across Africa_.
[20] W. Crooke, B. A., _North Indian Folk-Lore_.
[21] Clara Erskine Clement, _Naples_.
[22] George Borrow, _The Zincali_.
[23] A. Certeux and E. Henry Carnoy, _L’Algérie traditionnelle_, tome i.
p. 159.
[24] _Folk-Lore_, June, 1896, p. 148.
[25] Lieutenant-Colonel N. Prejevalsky, _Mongolia_, vol. ii. p. 207.
[26] William M. Thomson, D. D., _The Land and the Book_.
[27] S. S. Thorburn, _Bannú_.
[28] Sir John Bowring, F. R. S., _The Kingdom and People of Siam_, vol.
i. p. 145.
[29] Clara Erskine Clement, _Naples_.
[30] Elworthy, _Evil Eye_, p. 261.
[31] _Popular Science Monthly_, November, 1896.
[32] Goblet D’Alviella, _La migration des symboles_, p. 25.
[33] Rennell Rodd, _The Customs and Lore of Modern Greece_. 1892.
[34] _Revue des traditions populaires_, tome viii. 1892.
[35] _Mélusine_, tome viii. No. 4. 1896.
[36] M’Clintock and Strong’s _Cyclopædia_, art. “Head-Dress.”
[37] Lucy M. J. Garnett, _The Christian Women of Turkey_.
[38] _L’Algérie traditionnelle_, tome i. p. 159. 1884.
[39] H. Clay Trumbull, _The Threshold Covenant_, p. 74.
[40] _Folk-Lore_, March, 1898, p. 10.
[41] _Mélusine_, tome viii. No. 3. 1896.
[42] _L’Algérie traditionelle_, tome i. p. 159. 1884.
[43] Richard Folkard, Jr., _Plant-Lore_.
[44] Rev. Timothy Harley, _Moon-Lore_, p. 192.
[45] Isaiah iii. 18.
[46] _Cornhill_, March, 1877.
[47] Thomas Inman, M. D., _Ancient Faiths embodied in Ancient Names_.
[48] Barclay V. Head, _Historia Numorum_. Oxford, 1887.
[49] _A Dictionary of Roman Coins._ London, 1889.
[50] _Gentleman’s Magazine_, vol. 84. 1814.
[51] _Popular Science Monthly_, November, 1895.
[52] _Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and
Ireland_, vol. 19. 1890.
[53] Bernard de Montfaucon, _L’antiquité expliquée_.
[54] Ph. Charles Berjean, _The Horses of Antiquity, Middle Ages, and
Renaissance_. London, 1864.
[55] Theodore Andrea Cook, B. A., _Old Touraine_.
[56] Professor C. H. Rochholz, _Alt-deutsches Bürgerleben_.
[57] Richard Folkard, Jr., _Plant-Lore_.
[58] Laisnel de la Salle, _Croyances et legendes du centre de la France_.
Paris, 1875.
[59] Merlin, _Book of Charms_.
[60] William A. Craigie, M. A., _Scandinavian Folk-Lore_, p. 396.
[61] Rudolph Keyser, _The Religion of the Northmen_, p. 299.
[62] _Popular Science Monthly_, vol. 44. 1894.
[63] Dr. Karl Sittl, _Archäologie der Kunst_, p. 210. 1895.
[64] Edward B. Tylor, LL. D., _Primitive Culture_.
[65] William S. Walsh, _Handy Book of Literary Curiosities_.
[66] Rev. Justus Doolittle, _Social Life of the Chinese_.
[67] _Rennell Rodd_, p. 165.
[68] William George Black, _Folk-Medicine_. London, 1883.
[69] J. B. Friedrich, _Die Symbolik und Mythologie der Natur_.
[70] F. Nork, _Mythologie der Volkssagen und Volksmärchen_. Stuttgart,
1848.
[71] Paul Sébillot, _Légendes et curiosités des métiers_.
[72] _The Folk-Lore Journal_, vol. vii. 1889.
[73] Jacob Larwood and John C. Hotten, _The History of Signboards_.
[74] William Mackay, _Urquhart and Glenmoriston_, p. 434.
[75] Daniel Wilson, _The Archæology and Prehistoric Annals of Scotland_.
[76] Thomas Keightley, _The Fairy Mythology_, p. 352.
[77] F. S. Bassett, _Sea Phantoms_.
[78] James W. Mackinlay, _Folk-Lore of Scottish Lochs and Springs_, p. 6.
[79] William Jones, _Credulities Past and Present_.
[80] Giuseppe Pitré, _Usi e costumi, credenze, e pregiudizi del popolo
Siciliano_. Palermo, 1889.
[81] A. Wuttke, _Der deutsche Volksaberglaube_, p. 92.
[82] _Cornhill_, N. S. vol. xix. 1892.
[83] Dr. H. Ploss, _Das Kind in Brauch und Sitte der Völker_, p. 122.
[84] A. Wuttke, _Der deutsche Volksaberglaube_, p. 336.
[85] _Natural History_, book xxviii. ch. 81.
[86] Dr. G. Lammert, _Volksmedizin in Bayern_, p. 120.
[87] Campbell.
[88] W. Crooke, B. A., _Popular Religion and Folk-Lore of Northern India_.
[89] Letter to the writer from H. Clay Trumbull.
[90] _The Folk-Lore Journal_, vol. vi. p. 77.
[91] Jones and Kropf, _Folk-Tales of the Magyars_, p. 410, note.
[92] Thomas Keightley, _The Fairy Mythology_, p. 148.
[93] Moise Schuhl, _Superstitions et coutumes populaires du Judaisme_.
[94] John Gregorson Campbell, _The Fians_, p. 52.
[95] Fräulein Helene Raff.
[96] _L’Initiation_, 19ᵉ volume, April, 1893.
[97] J. C. Brown, LL. D., _People of Finland in Archaic Times_, p. 112.
[98] W. A. Craigie, _Scandinavian Folk-Lore_.
[99] T. F. Thiselton Dyer, M. A., _British Popular Customs_, p. 424.
[100] _Mélusine_, tome iv. p. 367.
[101] R. G. Haliburton, _The Dwarfs of Mount Atlas_.
[102] Dr. Ludwig Beck, _Die Geschichte des Eisens_, p. 879.
[103] A. Wuttke, _Der deutsche Volksaberglaube_, p. 263.
[104] For this legend, and for other information regarding the traditions
and customs of the Bavarian and Tyrolese peasantry, the writer is
indebted to Fräulein Helene Raff, of Munich.
[105] Crooke, p. 199.
[106] Gregor, _Scotch Folk-Lore_, p. 45.
[107] E. Daumas, _The Horses of the Sahara_, pp. 150 _et seq._
[108] Rev. James Macdonald, _Religion and Myth_, p. 92.
[109] Dr. O. Schrader, _Prehistoric Antiquities_.
[110] Richard Andree, _Ethnographische Parallelen und Vergleiche_, p. 155.
[111] Chambers’ _Encyclopædia_.
[112] Banier, _Mythology_, vol. ii. p. 570.
[113] Brinton, _Religions of Primitive Peoples_, p. 142.
[114] Henry Yule, _Cathay and the Way Thither_.
[115] _Gentleman’s Magazine_, vol. 281, p. 514. 1896.
[116] _The Comical Pilgrim’s Pilgrimage into Ireland_, 1723, p. 92.
[117] Dyer, _British Popular Customs_, p. 322.
[118] W. K. Kelly, _Curiosities of Indo-European Tradition and
Folk-Lore_, p. 48.
[119] Campbell, p. 24.
[120] Campbell, p. 318.
[121] L. Maria Child, _The Progress of Religious Ideas_, vol. i. p. 276.
[122] Theophilus Hahn, Ph. D., _Tsuni-Goam_, p. 77.
[123] The Werner Company, _Art Treasures from the World’s Fair_. Chicago,
1895.
[124] _All the Year Round_, N. S. vol. xxxix. 1887.
[125] _Indian Antiquary_, vol. xv. 1886.
[126] _Cornhill Magazine_, vol. xix. 1869.
[127] E. G. Squier, A. M., _The Serpent Symbol_.
[128] Sir John Lubbock, _The Origin of Civilization_.
[129] Marc Monnier, _Les contes populaires en Italie_.
[130] _Grosses Universal Lexicon._
[131] Astley, _Collection of Voyages_.
[132] Dr. Friedrich S. Krauss, _Sréca, Glück und Schicksal im
Volksglauben der Südslaven_. Wien, 1886.
[133] A. W. Buckland, _St. Paul’s Magazine_, vol. i. 1874.
[134] _Amer. Antiq._, vol. xviii. p. 141. 1896.
[135] Lucy M. J. Garnett, _The Christian Women of Turkey_.
[136] _Popular Science Monthly_, vol. 35. 1889.
[137] _Mélusine_, tome viii. No. 2. 1896.
[138] _The Myths of the New World_, p. 132.
[139] John Newton, _Notes and Queries_, 7th series, vol. iii. April, 1887.
[140] W. Crooke, B. A., _Popular Religion and Folk-Lore of Northern
India_.
[141] Jacob Grimm, _Deutsche Mythologie_.
[142] Friedrich Creuzer, _Symbolik und Mythologie der alten Völker_, vol.
iv. p. 380.
[143] _Das Kloster_, vol. ix. p. 97.
[144] Friedrich, p. 454.
[145] L. Austine Waddell, M. B., _The Buddhism of Tibet_, p. 413.
[146] Campbell, p. 457.
[147] Schuyler, _Turkistan_, p. 30.
[148] _Mélusine_, tome viii. No. 1, p. 17. 1896.
[149] Max Jähns, _Ross und Reiter_, i. 371.
[150] _Ulster Journal of Archæology_, vol. vii. p. 69.
[151] _Cornhill Magazine_, article on “Comparative Folk-Lore,” vol. lxxvi.
[152] Thomas A. Wise, M. D., _History of Paganism in Caledonia_.
[153] Mallet, _Northern Antiquities_, p. 154.
[154] _Gentleman’s Magazine_, vol. 278, p. 417. 1895.
[155] Fräulein Helene Raff.
[156] Professor Dr. Sepp, _Die Religion der alten Deutschen_, p. 340.
1890.
[157] Jähns, i. pp. 294-296.
[158] Wuttke, p. 185.
[159] Wuttke, p. 423.
[160] Richard Andree, _Braunschweiger Volkskunde_, p. 128.
[161] Grimm, vol. i. p. 47.
[162] S. Baring-Gould, M. A., _Strange Survivals_.
[163] J. Scheible, _Das Kloster_, Band ix. p. 101; Thomas Carlyle, _Early
Kings of Norway_, p. 8.
[164] Dr. Karl Weinhold, _Altnordisches Leben_, p. 145. 1856.
[165] Brand, vol. ii. p. 664.
[166] Fräulein Helene Raff.
[167] J. B. Friedrich, _Die Symbolik und Mythologie der Natur_.
[168] E. Rolland, _Faune populaire de la France_, tome iv.
[169] C. G. Leland, _Gypsy Sorcery_.
[170] Gerald Massey, _A Book of Beginnings_.
[171] _Folk-Lore_, vol. iv. p. 6. 1893.
[172] _Mélusine_, tome viii. No. 1, p. 17. 1896.
[173] Professor Dr. Sepp, _Die Religion der alten Deutschen_, p. 263.
1890.
[174] Jähns, vol. i. p. 373.
[175] _Das Buck der ritterlichen Reutterkunst._
[176] Heinrich von Wlislocki, _Aus dem Volksleben der Magyaren_, pp. 9,
10.
[177] Heinrich von Wlislocki, _Volksglaube und religiöser Brauch der
Zigeuner_.
[178] M’Clintock and Strong’s _Encyclopædia_, art. “Shamanism;” E. B.
Tylor, _Primitive Culture_, vol. ii. p. 142.
[179] _Gentleman’s Magazine._ 1867.
[180] Rev. T. Thiselton Dyer, _Domestic Folk-Lore_.
[181] _Museum of Foreign Literature_, vol. xxvi. 1835.
[182] The Rev. E. Cobham Brewer, LL. D., _Dictionary of Phrase and Fable_.
[183] Robert Ford, _Thistledown_.
[184] _Boston Transcript_, May 9, 1898.
[185] Turner’s _Anglo-Saxons_.
[186] John Brooks Felton, _The Horse-Shoe_, a Poem. Cambridge, 1849.
[187] James Napier in _Folk-Lore_.
[188] H. Clay Trumbull, _The Threshold Covenant_, chap. i.
[189] Ralston, _Songs of the Russian People_, p. 136.
[190] Bonami, _Nineveh and its Palaces_, p. 159.
[191] _Popular Science Monthly_, vol. 44, p. 520. February, 1894.
[192] C. G. Leland, _Etruscan Roman Remains_, p. 282.
[193] Petersen, _Hufeisen_, p. 7.
[194] Waddell, p. 484.
[195] Edmond O’Donovan, _The Merv Oasis_, vol. ii. p. 141.
[196] A. Featherman, _Social History of Mankind_.
[197] Rev. Charles Rogers, D. D., _Social Life in Scotland_, vol. iii. p.
229.
[198] Robert Ford, _Thistledown_, p. 262.
[199] Gregor, _Scotch Folk-Lore_.
[200] A. Wuttke, _Der deutsche Volksaberglaube_. Berlin, 1869.
[201] Robert Thorne, M. A., _A Dictionary of Rare and Curious
Information_.
[202] _The Denham Tracts._
[203] _Fortnightly Review._
[204] Sidney Oldall Addy, M. A., _Household Tales_. 1895.
[205] Edward W. B. Nicholson, M. A., _Golspie_. Edinburgh, 1897.
[206] _Notes and Queries_, 5th series, vol. ix. p. 65. January, 1878.
[207] Rev. James Macdonald, _Religion and Myth_, p. 92.
[208] _Novellenzeitung_, sechster Jahrgang, No. 51, p. 812.
[209] C. G. Leland, _Etruscan Roman Remains_.
[210] Thomas A. Wise, M. D., _History of Paganism in Caledonia_.
[211] _The Scottish Gallovidian Encyclopædia._ London, 1824.
[212] Petersen, _Hufeisen_, p. 8.
[213] Camden’s _Britannia_.
[214] Thorpe’s _Northern Mythology_.
[215] Francis Parry, F. R. G. S., _The Sacred Symbols and Numbers of
Aboriginal America in Ancient and Modern Times_.
[216] _The American Antiquarian_, vol. xii. p. 356; vol. xiii. p. 58.
[217] Leopold Wagner, _Manners, Customs, and Observances_.
[218] S. H. Killikelly, _Curious Questions_.
[219] _Leicestershire and Rutland Notes and Queries_, vol. ii. 1891-93.
[220] Grimm, p. 34.
[221] J. Scheible, _Das Kloster_, vol. ix. p. 422.
[222] Arnold Frost, _The Ballad of the Wind, the Devil, and Lincoln
Minster_. Lincoln, 1897.
[223] J. W. Wolf, _Beiträge zur deutschen Mythologie_, p. 91.
[224] Ignaz V. Zingerle, _Sitten, Bräuche und Meinungen des tiroler
Volkes_. Innsbruck, 1857.
[225] Herman Schmid and Karl Stieler, _The Bavarian Highlands and the
Salzkammergut_.
[226] Anton Birlinger, _Sagen, Legenden und Volksaberglauben_, vol. i. p.
49.
[227] _Belgravia_, vol. iv. 1887.
[228] _Yule-Tide Stories_, edited by Benjamin Thorpe. London, 1853.
[229] J. Scheible, _Das Kloster_.
[230] Thorpe’s _Northern Mythology_, vol. ii. p. 190.
[231] Ernst Meier, _Deutsche Sagen, Sitten und Gebräuche aus Schwaben_.
Stuttgart, 1852.
[232] Friedrich Panzer, _Bayerische Sagen und Bräuche_, vol. i. p. 127.
[233] _Cyclopædia of Arts._ Philadelphia.
[234] F. Allègre, _Étude sur la déesse grecque Tyché_. Paris, 1889.
[235] Plutarch’s _Opinions of Philosophers_.
[236] Lyon, _Nouveau dictionnaire historique_. 1804.
[237] _History of Rome._
[238] George Crabb, _English Synonymes_.
[239] Andrew Tooke, A. M., _The Pantheon_. Dublin, 1792.
[240] Anthon’s _Classical Dictionary_.
[241] F. Noel, _Dictionnaire de la fable_. Paris, 1803.
[242] P. Galtruchius, _History of the Heathen Gods_. 1671.
[243] Daniel Watson, A. M., _A History of the Gods and Goddesses_.
[244] Plutarch’s _Roman Questions_.
[245] Roscher, _Lexicon der griechischen und römischen Mythologie_, p.
1523.
[246] _The Antiquarian Repertory_, vol. iv. p. 256. London, 1784.
[247] Basil H. Chamberlin, _Things Japanese_.
[248] L. Austine Waddell, B. A., _The Buddhism of Tibet_, p. 512.
[249] _Mythology and Monuments of Ancient Athens._
[250] Rodolfo Lanciani, _Pagan and Christian Rome_.
[251] Thomas Wright, _The Celt, the Roman, and the Saxon_.
[252] Read at the Annual Meeting of the American Folk-Lore Society, New
York, December 29, 1896.
[253] Banier’s _Mythology_. London, 1739.
[254] Bancroft, _Native Races_, vol. ii. p. 353.
[255] J. J. L. Ratton, M. D., M. C., _A Hand-Book of Common Salt_.
[256] J. B. Friedrich, _Die Symbolik und Mythologie der Natur_.
[257] Calmet’s _Dictionary of the Holy Bible_.
[258] Philemon Holland, _The Morals or Miscellane Works of Plutarch_.
[259] Horst, _Dæmonomagie_. Frankfurt, 1818.
[260] Richalmus, _Liber Revelationum de Insidiis et Versutiis Dæmonum
adversus Homines_.
[261] Dr. Heinrich von Wlislocki, _Volksglaube und religiöser Brauch der
Magyar_, p. 151.
[262] W. Mannhardt, _Germanische Mythen_. Berlin, 1858.
[263] W. Crooke, B. A., p. 147.
[264] Alexander Adam, LL. D., _Roman Antiquities_.
[265] _Grosses Universal Lexicon._ Leipzig and Halle, 1742.
[266] John Borrow, F. R. S., _Travels in China_.
[267] _Natural History_, book xxxi. ch. 41.
[268] Elias Artista Hermetica, _Das Geheimniss vom Salz_.
[269] _Il a répandu le sel à pleines mains dans ses écrits._
[270] Baret, 1580.
[271] Brewer’s _Dictionary of Phrase and Fable_.
[272] _Edinburgh Monthly Magazine_, June, 1817.
[273] Chevalier d’Arvieux, _Memoir_. Paris, 1735.
[274] J. J. Manley, M. A., _Salt and Other Condiments_, p. 90.
[275] Karl Baedeker, _The Eastern Alps_, p. 124. 1895.
[276] _Spectator_, vol. 66. 1891.
[277] _Gentleman’s Magazine_, part i. 1833.
[278] Felix Liebrecht, _Die Symbolik und Mythologie der Natur_.
[279] Owen on _Serpents_.
[280] The writer is indebted for this translation to John P. Hopkinson,
Esq.
[281] Felix Liebrecht, _Zur Volkskunde_. 1877.
[282] Shakespeare refers to this subject in several passages, and among
them the following:—
How came her eyes so bright? Not with salt tears.
_Midsummer Night’s Dream._
With tears as salt as sea.
_2 Henry VI._
[283] _Current Superstitions_, edited by Fanny D. Bergen.
[284] Clifton Johnson, _What they say in New England_, p. 92. 1896.
[285] M. J. Schleiden, _Das Salz_, p. 73.
[286] _The Study of Sociology_, p. 5.
[287] _Revue des traditions populaires_, tome i. 1886.
[288] _A Theological and Philosophical Treatise of the Nature and
Goodnesse of Salt._ Imprinted by Felix Kyngston for Richard Boyle at
London, 1612.
[289] James Napier, _Folk-Lore_, p. 33.
[290] Pitré, vol. iv. p. 102.
[291] R. T. Hampson, _Medii Ævi Kalendarium_. London, 1841.
[292] Pitré, vol. ii. p. 161.
[293] Dr. Heino Pfannenschmid, _Das Weihwasser im heidnischen und
christlichen Cultus_.
[294] _Notes and Queries_, 6th series, vol. ix. p. 428. May, 1884.
[295] _Century Dictionary._
[296] Francis Grose, _Popular Superstitions_.
[297] Spenser’s _Faerie Queene_.
[298] Clara Erskine Clement, _Naples_.
[299] Grimm’s _Teutonic Mythology_.
[300] _The Folk-Lore Journal_, vol. vii. 1889.
[301] _Journal of American Folk-Lore_, No. xviii. 1892.
[302] _The Washington Post_, November 27, 1894.
[303] William Henderson, _Notes on the Folk-Lore of the Northern
Countries of England_.
[304] _Journal of American Folk-Lore_, No. 19. 1892.
[305] Keightley’s _Fairy Mythology_.
[306] Giuseppe Pitré, _Usi e costumi, credenze e pregiudizi del popolo
Siciliano_, vol. iii. p. 426. Palermo, 1889.
[307] _Leechdoms, Wortcunning, and Starcraft_, edited by Rev. Oswald
Cockayne. London, 1865.
[308] Rev. Charles Rogers, LL. D., _Scotland, Social and Domestic_.
[309] _Journal of American Folk-Lore_, No. 13. 1891.
[310] James M. Campbell, _Notes on the Spirit-Basis of Belief and Custom_.
[311] Lady Wilde, _Ancient Legends, Mystic Charms, and Superstitions of
Ireland_.
[312] _Revue des traditions populaires_, tome vi. p. 43. 1891.
[313] _Zeitschrift für deutsche Mythologie und Sittenkunde_, Band iv.
[314] _Sitzungberichte der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften._
[315] Abraham Fornander, _An Account of the Polynesian Race_, vol. i.
[316] _Aus dem Volksleben der Magyaren_, p. 111.
[317] William Elliot Griffis, A. M., _The Mikado’s Empire_.
[318] Rogers, vol. iii. p. 288.
[319] Henderson, p. 217.
[320] Burkhardt’s _Nubia_.
[321] M. J. Schleiden, _Das Salz_.
[322] Waldron’s _History_.
[323] Pitré.
[324] M. J. Schleiden, _Das Salz_, p. 71.
[325] _The Leisure Hour_, vol. xliii. p. 805. 1894.
[326] _The Book of Ser Marco Polo._ London, 1874.
[327] Lieutenant-Colonel N. Prejevalsky, _Mongolia_, vol. i. p. 122.
[328] J. J. Manley, M. A., _Salt and Other Condiments_.
[329] J. J. Manley, p. 13.
[330] _Nares’ Glossary_, vol. ii. p. 763.
[331] _Cosmopolitan_, vol. xx. p. 94. 1894.
[332] _Contemporary Review_, vol. xxxi.
[333] R. H. Busk, _Roman Legends_.
[334] Schleiden, p. 73.
[335] M. Dacier, _The Life of Pythagoras_, p. 60. London, 1707.
[336] Feu M. Jean François Buddeus, _Traité de l’athéisme et de la
superstition_.
[337] Thomas Wright, _A History of Domestic Manners in England during the
Middle Ages_.
[338] Richard Boyle. 1612.
[339] Chambers’s _Book of Days_.
[340] Emily S. Holt, _Ye Olden Time_, p. 130.
[341] Fosbroke, _Encyclopædia of Antiquities_.
[342] _Leges Curiales Regis Canuti; apud Bartholin_, p. 583; J. S.
Forsyth, _The Antiquary’s Portfolio_. London, 1825.
[343] Elizabeth Hodges, _Some Ancient English Homes_.
[344] Rogers, vol. i. p. 233.
[345] P. H. Ditchfield, M. A., F. S. A., _Old English Customs_. 1896.
[346] Martin Schoock, _De Sternutatione Tractatus Copiosus_. Amsterdam,
1664.
[347] Joh. Gerhardus Menschen, _Disquisitio Philologica de Ritu Salutandi
Sternutantes_. Kiloni, 1704.
[348] John Potter, D. D., _Antiquities of Greece_.
[349] Francis Rous, _Archæologiæ Atticæ_. London, 1685.
[350] _Encyclopédie méthodique._ Paris, 1788.
[351] U. S. _Literary Gazette_, vol. iv. 1826.
[352] Eustace Neville Rolfe, B. A., _Pompeii, Popular and Practical_.
London, 1888.
[353] Gerald Massey, _The Natural Genesis_, vol. i. pp. 83-85.
[354] Henderson, p. 128.
[355] _Mélusine_, vol. iv. 1888-89.
[356] William Jones, _Credulities_.
[357] John Beaumont, Gent., _A Treatise of Spirits_. London, 1705.
[358] _Twelfth Annual Report of the Thirteen Club of New York_, January,
1894. The writer has also consulted the original manuscript.
[359] Grimm’s _Teutonic Mythology_.
[360] A. Featherman, _The Social History of the Races of Mankind_.
[361] R. H. Codrington, D. D., _The Melanesians_.
[362] _Notes and Queries_, 1st series, vol. xii.
[363] Rev. Charles Rogers, LL. D., F. S. A., _Scotland, Social and
Domestic_.
[364] Alexandre Desrousseaux, _Mœurs populaires de la Flandre française_.
[365] _Gentleman’s Magazine_, vol. 252, p. 237. January, 1882.
[366] Wuttke, p. 243.
[367] _Philadelphia Inquirer_, February 24, 1898.
[368] Eugene Schuyler, _Turkistan_, p. 29.
[369] Griffis, _Japan_, p. 187.
[370] _Journal of American Folk-Lore_, vol. x. p. 272. 1897.
[371] Henderson, p. 206.
[372] Vol. 73, pp. 41, 42. 1896.
[373] _Cornhill Magazine_, vol. 76.
[374] Lecture by Dr. D. G. Brinton, at the Lowell Institute, Boston,
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[375] Elijah M. Haines, _The American Indian_, p. 416.
[376] D. G. Brinton, _Myths of the New World_, p. 307.
[377] Andree, _Ethnographische Parallelen_, p. 177.
[378] Herbert Spencer, _Principles of Sociology_, vol. iii. p. 186.
[379] Rev. William Wyatt Gill, B. A., _Myths and Songs from the South
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[380] L. Maria Child, _The Progress of Religious Ideas_, vol. i. p. 276.
[381] Schuyler, _Turkistan_, p. 29.
[382] Isabella L. Bishop, _Among the Tibetans_, p. 104.
[383] Rev. J. A. Graham, M. A., _On the Threshold of Three Closed Lands_,
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[384] G. Maspero, _The Dawn of Civilization_. 1894.
[385] Professor E. P. Evans, _Popular Science Monthly_, November, 1895.
[386] W. Crooke, B. A., _Popular Religion and Folk-Lore of Northern
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[387] S. Baring Gould, _Legends of the Patriarchs and Prophets_.
[388] _The Catholic World_, vol. iii. 1866.
[389] Brand’s _Popular Antiquities of Great Britain_.
[390] _Encyclopædia of Arts and Sciences._ Philadelphia, 1798.
[391] Pedro Mexio, _The Treasurie of Auncient and Moderne Times_. 1613.
[392] _Legends of Iceland_, collected by Jón Arnason, 2d series, p. 646.
[393] Edward B. Tylor, _Primitive Culture_.
[394] _Temple Bar_, vol. 43. 1875.
[395] _Dictionnaire des sciences occultes._
[396] William S. Walsh, _Handy-Book of Literary Curiosities_.
[397] Edward William Lane, _The Modern Egyptians_.
[398] James Owen Dorsey, “A Study of Siouan Cults,” _Eleventh Annual
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[399] Lady Wilde’s _Ancient Cures, Charms, and Usages of Ireland_.
[400] M. l’Abbé Bertram, _Dictionnaire de toutes les religions_.
[401] _Cornhill Magazine_, vol. 76.
[402] Brand, vol. i. p. 361.
[403] C. F. Gordon-Cumming, _At Home in Fiji_, p. 105.
[404] E. Henry Carnay, _Litterature orale de la Picardie_. Paris, 1883.
[405] Ernst Meier, _Deutsche Sagen, Sitten und Gebräuche aus Schwaben_.
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[406] François Lenormant, _Chaldean Magic_.
[407] Adolf Erman, _Life in Ancient Egypt_, p. 351.
[408] F. Chabas, _Le calendrier des jours fastes et néfastes et de
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[409] M. Court de Gebelin, _Monde primitif_, vol. iv. Paris, 1776.
[410] Jean Baptiste Thiers, _Traité des superstitions_. Paris, 1679.
[411] _Historia litteraria_, vol. ii. London, 1731.
[412] Monsieur Danet, _A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities_.
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[413] Chabas, p. 124.
[414] Rev. Edward Cockayne, M. A., _Leechdoms, Wortcunning, and Starcraft
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[415] Brand’s _Popular Antiquities_.
[416] Dr. C. Edward Sachan, _The Chronology of Ancient Nations_. London,
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[417] Israel Abrahams, M. A., _Jewish Life in the Middle Ages_, p. 184.
[418] Bowring, _Siam_, vol. i. p. 158.
[419] Mallet’s _Northern Antiquities_.
[420] Mallet, p. 426.
[421] Clifford Howard, _Sex Worship_, p. 119.
[422] Mélusine, tome iv. 1888-89.
[423] Cockayne, vol. iii. p. 163.
[424] “Popular Superstitions,” _Gentleman’s Magazine Library_, vol. i.
[425] William Jones, _Credulities Past and Present_.
[426] T. F. Thiselton Dyer, _British Popular Customs_.
[427] Isaac Disraeli, _Curiosities of Literature_, vol. i. p. 280.
[428] Sir William Muir, K. C. S. I., _The Life of Mahomet_.
[429] John J. Pool, _Studies in Mohammedanism_, p. 103.
[430] M. l’Abbé Bertrand, _Dictionnaire universel de toutes les
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[431] Thomas Patrick Hughes, B. D., M. R. A. S., _A Dictionary of Islam_.
[432] S. S. Thorburn, _Bannú_.
[433] Israel Abrahams, M. A., _Jewish Life in the Middle Ages_, p. 186.
[434] Gerald Massey, _The Natural Genesis_, vol. ii. p. 298.
[435] Moritz Busch, _Deutscher Volksglaube_.
[436] Rogers, vol. iii. p. 278.
[437] Lady Wilde, _Ancient Legends, Mystic Charms, and Superstitions of
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[438] Lady Wilde, _Ancient Cures, Charms, and Usages of Ireland_.
[439] P. G. Heims, _Seespuk_, p. 135.
[440] Wilhelm Kolbe, _Hessische Volks-Sitten und Gebräuche_.
[441] _Shropshire Folk-Lore_, p. 260.
[442] “Wily Beguiled,” Hawkins’s _English Drama_, vol. iii. p. 356.
[443] Dr. Adolf Wuttke, _Der deutsche Volksaberglaube_. Berlin, 1869.
[444] E. L. Rochholz, _Alt-deutsches Bürgerleben_, pp. 52, 53.
[445] Wlislocki, _Aus dem Volksleben der Magyaren_, p. 68.
[446] _Zeitschrift des Vereins für Volkskunde_, vol. iv. p. 307. 1894.
[447] Giuseppe Pitré, _Usi e costumi, credenze e pregiudizi del popolo
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[448] M. Jean-François Bladé, _Contes populaires de la Gascogne_. Paris,
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[449] M. l’Abbé Migne, _Dictionnaire des superstitions populaires_.
[450] Giuseppe Pitré, _Il venerdi nelle tradizioni popolari italiane_.
[451] Busch, _op. cit._
[452] _A World of Wonders_, edited by Albany Poyntz.
[453] _Zeitschrift für deutsche Mythologie_, iv. 147.
[454] _Boston Herald_, May 1, 1898.
[455] W. R. S. Ralston, M. A., _Russian Folk-Tales_.
[456] Larousse, _Grand dictionnaire universel_.
[457] M. D. Conway, _Demonology and Devil-Lore_.
[458] Fr. Noel, _Dictionnaire de la fable_.
[459] Danet’s _Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities_. London, 1700.
[460] Andrew Lang, _Custom and Myth_.
[461] Ermete Pierotti, _Customs and Traditions of Palestine_.
[462] _Journal of American Folk-Lore_, vol. x. No. 39, p. 274. 1897.
[463] Leland’s _Gypsy Sorcery_.
[464] Brewer’s _Dictionary of Miracles_.
[465] Rev. Walter Gregor, M. A., _Notes on the Folk-Lore of the Northeast
of Scotland_.
[466] Hulme, _Natural History Lore and Legend_, p. 241.
[467] Thorpe, ii. p. 84.
[468] Schuyler, _Turkestan_, p. 30.
[469] Edward Jewitt Robinson, _Tales and Poems of South India_, p. 378.
[470] E. Rolland, _Faune populaire de la France_. Paris, 1877.
[471] Wuttke, p. 118.
[472] Wuttke, p. 276.
[473] Dr. Joseph Virgil Grohmann, _Aberglauben und Gebräuche aus Böhmen
und Mähren_, p. 232.
[474] _Encyclopédie theologique_, tome, “Sciences occultes.”
[475] John Thrupp, _The Anglo-Saxon Home_. London, 1852.
[476] _Leechdoms, Wortcunning, and Starcraft_, edited by the Rev. Oswald
Cockayne.
[477] Francis Lenormant, _Chaldean Magic and Sorcery_.
[478] Francis Rous, _Archæologiæ Atticæ_. London, 1635.
[479] Grohmann, _Apollo Smintheus_, p. 60.
[480] Grohmann, _Aberglauben_, vol. i. p. 59.
[481] Grohmann, _Aberglauben_, vol. i. p. 61.
[482] Thomas Gage, _A New Survey of the West Indies_. London, 1677.
[483] Rev. Hilderic Friend, _Flowers and Flower-Lore_, p. 554.
[484] John Henry Gray, M. A., LL. D., _China_, p. 169.
[485] Martin Frederick Blumber, _A History of Amulets_.
[486] Richard Folkard, Jr., _Plant-Lore_, p. 160.
[487] _The Buddhism of Tibet._
[488] _The Nation._ June 15, 1866.
[489] R. T. Hampson, _Medii Ævi Kalendarium_. See, also, article by W. W.
Newell in _Journal of American Folk-Lore_, vol. v. No. 14.
[490] Anthon’s _Classical Dictionary_.
[491] Garnett, p. 340.
[492] Lucy M. J. Garnett, _The Women of Turkey_, p. 286.
[493] Jean Frederic Bernard, _Superstitions anciennes et modernes_, tome
i. p. 101. 1733.
[494] Scot’s _Discoverie of Witchcraft_.
[495] _The Folk-Lorist_, vol. i. July, 1893.
[496] William Jones, _Credulities Past and Present_.
[497] J. B. Thiers, _Traité des superstitions_.
[498] W. Crooke, B. A., _North Indian Folk-Lore_.
[499] _Folk-Lore._ June, 1896.
[500] W. W. Newell, _Journal of American Folk-Lore_, No. 16. 1892.
[501] M. D. Conway, _Demonology and Devil-Lore_.
[502] James M. Campbell, _Notes on the Spirit Basis of Belief and Custom_.
[503] _Bulletin de la societé d’ethnographie._ July, 1887.
[504] Rev. J. G. Wood, M. A., _The Uncivilized Races of Men_.
[505] _The Occult Sciences_, from the French of Eusebe Salverte.
[506] _Journal of American Folk-Lore_, No. 13. 1891.
[507] L. Lalanne, _Curiosités des traditions_. Paris, 1847.
[508] E. P. Evans, _Atlantic Monthly_, vol. 54. 1884.
[509] W. Lander Lindsay, M. D., _Mind in the Lower Animals_.
[510] Banier’s _Mythology_.
[511] J. B. Thiers, _Traité des superstitions_.
[512] Louis Duval, _Rôle des croyances populaires dans la protection des
animaux_. 1889.
[513] _The Student and Intellectual Observer_, vol. iii. 1869.
[514] Rev. G. Oliver, D. D., _The Pythagorean Triangle_.
[515] Pliny, _Natural History_, book xxviii.
[516] _Century Dictionary._
[517] Sir John Bowring, F. R. S., _The Kingdom and People of Siam_, vol.
i. p. 139.
[518] Mallet’s _Northern Antiquities_, p. 112.
[519] Folkard, p. 377.
[520] Robert Vilvain, of Excester, _Enchiridium Epigrammatum_, p. 148.
1654.
[521] T. Wain, _The Wonderful Number Seven_.
[522] Charles De B. Mills, _The Tree of Mythology_.
[523] _The International Cyclopædia_, vol. xiii. p. 360.
[524] Smith’s _Dictionary of the Bible_, art. “Seven.”
[525] F. Lenormant, _Chaldean Magic and Sorcery_.
[526] _Enchiridium Epigrammatum_, p. 141. 1654.
[527] T. Wain, _The Wonderful Number Seven_.
[528] S. Pancoast, M. D., _The Kabbala_, p. 247.
[529] _The National Review_, vol. xxi. p. 199. 1893.
[530] D. Person, _Varieties_.
[531] _All the Year Round_, vol. iii. 1870.
[532] Cockayne, vol. ii. p. 335.
[533] Crooke, p. 199.
[534] Campbell, _Spirit Basis of Custom and Belief_, p. 208.
[535] _Times’ Whistle._
[536] Fräulein Helene Raff.
[537] _Leechdoms, Wortcunning, and Starcraft_, edited by the Rev. Oswald
Cockayne.
[538] _Archæologia_, vol. xxx. p. 427. 1844.
[539] _Celtic Magazine_, vol. viii. p. 252.
[540] William G. Black, _Folk-Medicine_.
[541] _Social Life in Scotland_, vol. iii. p. 227.
[542] C. G. Leland, _Gypsy Sorcery_.
[543] _Das Kloster_, Band xii. p. 771; Thorpe’s _Northern Mythology_,
vol. i. p. 227; Grimm’s _Teutonic Mythology_, vol. i. pp. 272 _et seq._
[544] Gerald Massey, _Luniolatry_, p. 17.
[545] J. B. Salgues, _Des erreurs et des préjuges_.
[546] _Zeitschrift des Vereins für Volkskunde_, vol. iv. p. 250. 1894.
[547] _Boston Transcript_, December 30, 1897.
[548] Surgeon-General Edward Balfour, _The Encyclopædia of India_.
[549] _Journal of American Folk-Lore_, No. 17. April, 1892.
[550] Brewers’ _Dictionary of Phrase and Fable_.
[551] _The Century Dictionary._