on the teeming millions of China, only awaiting the chance to overrun
the whole earth, underbid all other laborers, profit by the fruits of
our more liberal governments and nobler religions, and give nothing
in return. A few centuries ago a still more dreadful fear haunted the
nations of Europe that some other Timurlane or Genghis Khan would
lead his countless hordes of merciless Mongolians from the steppes of
Siberia across the cultivated fields of the Danube to wipe out, as with
a sponge, the glorious picture of renascent European culture.
The latter fear no longer disturbs any mind. The mightiest of the
Tartar powers is but a shadow, maintained by the mutual jealousy of
Europeans themselves; the illimitable steppes of Tartary and Mongolia
acknowledge the suzerainty of the Slavonian; and the nomadic hordes of
the steppes and tundras are steadily diminishing under the same baneful
influences of civilization which are blighting the Australian and the
American.
Whether this is true also of the Sinitic stocks, especially of the
Chinese, we have no positive information. It has been rumored that of
late years repeated periods of drought, resulting in disastrous famine,
have materially reduced the population of the interior of China, many
perishing and others removing nearer the coast. As it is only near the
coast that foreigners have the opportunity to observe the people, it
is likely that they bring away an exaggerated notion of the density of
population in the country at large. It is at any rate doubtful if the
Chinese are more than stationary.
Widely different is the vista which appears before us when we
contemplate the Eurafrican race. It goes forth conquering and to
conquer, extending its empire over all continents and to the remotest
islands of the sea. Never has that progress been so rapid as to-day.
Two centuries ago the whole of the white race which could lay claim
to purity of blood numbered not over one hundred millions, or ten per
cent. of the population of the world, and was confined to the limits
of Europe and North Africa; now the European branch of it alone counts
nearly five hundred millions, or one-third of the whole. In the year
1800, the non-resident whites of European descent were ten millions;
now they are over eighty millions. Every navy and every army of any
fighting capacity belong to the European whites and their descendants.
No nation and no race of other lineage dare withstand an attack or
disobey an order from a leading European power. Africa and Asia are
dismembered and parceled out at London, Berlin and St. Petersburg,
and no one dreams of asking the consent of the inhabitants of those
continents.
This astonishing progress is not due alone to the North Mediterranean
branch of the Eurafrican race. The representatives of the South
Mediterranean branch are for a large part in it. In the forefront of
it, whether in the great capitals of Europe or in the pioneer towns
of the frontiers, we find the acute and versatile Semite, full of
energy and knowledge, guiding in councils, his master hand on the
levers of the vastest financial schemes, his subtle policy governing
the diplomacy of statesmen and the decisions of directors. As Prof.
Gerland has well said, there is something in the Semitic character
which is complementary to that of the Aryan,[208] and it is not without
significance that the surprising development of the latter began when
the religious prejudices against the Jews commenced to yield to more
enlightened sentiments. They are now the growing people. Statistics
show that in Europe, while the Aryac population doubles in number in
thirty-four years, the Semites double in twenty-five years, having
more children to a marriage and less infantile mortality.[209] When
bigotry ceases on both sides, and free inter-marriage restores the
Aryo-Semitic stock to its original unity, we may look for a race of
nobler capacities than any now existing.
Still more rapid would that progress be, still more beneficent would
be the sway of European civilization, could the great powers of that
continent lay aside unworthy jealousies, and agree to extend in harmony
the blessings of just government and sound education over other races.
An unreasoning distrust has prevented the removal of the barbaric
Sibiric power which centers at Constantinople; and the excellent
results of the extension of the Slavonian supremacy in Central Asia
have been studiously ignored by British writers.
Reflections such as these teach us how closely the study of
ethnographic science is related to practical politics. Ethnography,
indeed, is the necessary basis of correct history and sound
statesmanship. It offers to history a foundation on natural law; it
explains events by showing their dependence on the physical structure,
the mental pecularities, and the geographic surroundings of the peoples
engaged in them; it presents, in its present pictures of savage life,
the condition of the highest nations in the earlier stages of their
culture.
To the statesman it offers those facts about the capacities and
limitations of peoples which should guide his dealings with them;
it comes with no vague theory of optimism or pessimism, such as
doctrinaire philosophers love to air, but with the admonition that each
people, each race, must be studied by itself, free from bias, free from
bigotry, and with the conviction that no matter what metaphysics say,
any nation, as any man, may lift itself by the recognition of those
indefeasible and universal elements of the mind, the “I,” the “ought,”
and the “can”--the reverence of self, the respect for duty, and the
devotion to freedom.
“Man who man would be,
Must rule the empire of himself; in it
Must be supreme, establishing his throne
On vanquished will, quelling the anarchy
Of hopes and fears, being himself alone.”
INDEX OF AUTHORS.
Abel, C., 150.
Achelis, T., 95.
Allen, H., 27.
Andree, R., 45.
Avienus, R. F., 122.
Barth, R., 116, 119, 122.
Bartels, M., 40.
Bastian, A., 95, 237, 243, 266.
Beddoe, J., 31, 146.
Beauregard, O., 231.
Berendt, C. H., 267.
Bergaigne, A., 170.
Berthelot, S., 116, 117.
Bertin, G., 132.
Bissuell, H., 126.
Bleicher, Dr., 90.
Blumentritt, F., 225, 226, 295.
Boas, F., 258.
Bonaparte, R., 213.
Borsari, F., 117.
Brinton, D. G., 54, 61, 71, 75, 122, 124, 255, 262, 266.
Broca, P., 30, 117, 120, 143, 292.
Brugmann, K., 151.
Brühl, G., 273.
Bunsen, 123.
Brugsch, 124.
Callimachus, 117.
Candolle, A. de, 39, 109, 147.
Cartailhac, E., 90.
Castelnau, F. de, 224.
Chantre, E., 172.
Chudzinski, 30.
Clark, S. N., 293.
Collignon, R., 90, 118.
Cope, E. D., 27.
Curr, E. N., 241.
Curtius, 159.
Dall, W. H., 215.
Dallas, J., 226.
Dally, 284.
Darwin, C., 20, 43, 85, 86, 95, 219, 284, 293.
Delattre, A. L., 130.
Delisle, F., 192.
Delitzsch, 126.
Deniker, J., 215.
Doughty, 134.
Du Chaillu, 178, 296.
Duncker, Max, 159, 160.
Duveyrier, 126.
Earl, G. W., 237, 240.
Ella, L., 228.
Emin Bey, 178.
D’Escayrac de Lauture, 201, 203, 216.
Faidherbe, 117, 120.
Faurot, L., 132.
Finsch, O., 221, 227, 228, 234, 238.
Fletcher, A., 294.
Fligier, Dr., 123, 139, 148, 159.
Flower, W. H., 27, 226.
Fornander, 236.
Fritsch, N., 179.
Gaudry, A., 85.
Geiger, L., 148.
Gerland, G., 191, 299.
Glaser, E., 133.
Gooch, W. D., 91.
Habel, S., 266.
Haeckel, E., 32, 223.
Hahn, T., 180.
Hale, H., 61, 229, 237, 240.
Halevy, 125, 126.
Haliburton, R. G., 132.
Hamy, 233, 240.
Harris, W. B., 117.
Haughton, S., 94.
Haynes, W. W., 129.
Herodotus, 121, 166.
Hervé, G., 160, 165, 217, 232, 280, 284.
Hobbes, 76.
Holden, L., 20, 29.
Hooker, J., 126.
Hopkins, S. W., 256.
Hovelacque, A., 160, 217, 232.
Humboldt, W., 122, 150.
Huxley, 89.
Kant, E., 59.
Keane, A. H., 213, 233.
Kölliker, A., 29.
Kollman, J., 108.
Krause, A., 258.
Kulischer, M., 59.
Kuun, G., 166.
Lang, R. H., 160.
Lapouge, G. de, 129, 147.
Latham, R. G., 146.
Leclerc, 179.
Lenormant, 122.
Lesson, 236.
Lubbock, J., 67, 90.
Lumholtz, C., 55, 240, 241.
Lyman, B. S., 217.
Mackenzie, J., 192.
Mallery, G., 293.
Man, E. H., 225.
Mantegazza, 197.
Martinet, 236.
Martins, von, 270.
Matthews, W., 23.
Maury, 239.
Meyer, A. B., 227.
Meyer, K., 42.
Michel, F., 252.
Montaigne, 58.
Montano, J., 226.
Morgan, L. H., 58, 101.
Morse, E. S., 34, 94.
Mortillet, G., 85, 89.
Müller, Fr., 115, 122, 188, 210, 214, 230, 232, 239.
Müller, M., 83, 144.
Müller, Dr. M., 124.
Nansen, F., 294.
Newman, 122.
Nordenskiold, N. A. E., 214.
D’Omalius, d’Halloy, 93, 146, 148, 166.
Orgeas, J., 279, 283.
Packard, A. T., 249.
Palgrave, G., 132.
Penka, C., 147, 162.
Peschel, O., 20, 223.
Petitot, E., 251.
Pitt-Rivers, 129.
Ploix, M., 181.
Pösche, T., 147.
Potocki, 167.
Pruner Bey, 118.
Quatrefages, A. de, 95, 143, 172, 177, 191, 239, 282.
Quedlinfeldt, 118.
Radde, Dr., 30.
Ratzel, F., 233, 239, 296.
Rawlinson, 118, 126.
Reclus, E., 44, 243.
Reiss, W., 129.
Ribbe, F. C., 22.
Riccardi, P., 35.
Ritter, 116.
Rittich, A. F., 171, 208, 214, 215.
Roskof, G., 67.
Rousselet, L., 168.
St. Vincent, B. de, 122.
Sayce, A. H., 115, 126, 147.
Schliemann, H., 160.
Schmidt, E., 22.
Schneider, W., 53, 55, 67.
Schrader, O., 147, 162.
Schweinfurth, K., 179.
Scylax, 117.
Seeland, N., 211.
Spencer, H., 56, 67.
Steinen, K. von den., 268, 270.
Stone, J. H., 116.
Strabo, 117.
Suess, E., 88, 89, 222.
Tautain, L., 184, 193.
Taylor, I., 110, 112, 143, 146, 149, 159, 162.
Ten Kate, Dr., 256.
Testut, L., 33.
Thompson, A., 235.
Tiele, C. P., 42.
Topinard, P., 31, 36.
Tubino, Dr., 144.
Verneau, Dr., 116.
Virchow, R., 27, 31, 80, 109, 128, 129, 145, 148, 163, 172, 229.
Wagner, M., 20, 44, 221.
Waitz, Th., 20, 40, 186, 286.
Wake, C. S., 239.
Wallace, A. R., 89, 196, 227.
Wharton, 151.
Whitman, W., 177.
Whitney, W. D., 162.
Wilson, D., 75.
Winkler, H., 144, 212, 215.
Woldrich, J. N., 84.
Zampa, R., 159.
Zeisberger, D., 290.
Zittel, C., 90.
INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
Abyssinians, 135.
Acclimation, 278.
Adals, 131.
Aetas, 35, 224.
Afars, 131.
Affection, 55.
Africa, derivation, 122.
Agaonas, 131.
Agathyrsi, 166.
Agriculture, 72.
Ainos, 33, 216.
Afghans, 168.
Akka, 178, 179.
Albanians, 152, 158.
Albinism, 45.
Aleutians, 216, 250.
Alfurese, 233, 234.
Alemanni, 163.
Algonkins, 252.
Allophyllic stocks, 114.
Amalgamation, 283.
Amhara, 135.
American Indians, 71, 247, 293.
American religions, 71.
American race, 247, 281, 293.
Amorites, 126.
Amoshagh, 122.
Ancestral worship, 56, 68.
Andaman islands, 224.
Angles, 163.
Anglo-American, 164.
Animals, domestic, 72.
Animism, 68.
Annamese, 206.
Apaches, 251.
Apes, extinct, 84.
Aquitanians, 143.
Arabia Felix, 134.
Arabians, 125, 133.
Arameans, 137.
Araucarians, 275.
Arawaks, 268.
Architecture, 72.
Areas of characterization, 94.
Armenians, 167.
Armorican, 154.
Arms, length of, 28.
Arnauts, 158.
Arrow releases, 34.
Aryac stock, 144.
Aryac migration, 153.
Aryans, origin of, 144.
Aryo-Semitic stock, 150, 299.
Ashanti, 185.
Asia, 89.
Asian race, the, 195, 281.
Assyrians, 126, 130, 150.
Athapascans, 251.
Atlas mountains, 89, 112.
Attila, 210.
Austafrica, 89.
Austafrican race, 98, 173, 296.
Australians, 33, 35, 43, 46, 53, 55, 239, 240.
Auvergnats, 107.
Avars, 171, 210.
Avesta, the, 145, 167.
Aymaras, 272.
Aztecs, 259.
Baber, 209.
Bactrians, 167.
Bambaras, 184.
Baniuns, 183.
Bantu group, 189.
Barabras, 187.
Barbari, 121.
Baris, 181.
Basques, 107, 111, 112, 142, 143.
Battaks, 233, 234.
Batuas, 178.
Bedawins, 133.
Bechuanas, 189, 192.
Bedjas, 131.
Berbers, 112, 116, 118, 121, 157, 183.
Beluchis, 168.
Bertas, 187.
Bhillas, 244.
Bhotan, 205.
Biddumas, 182.
Bilins, 131.
Birmans, 205.
Birthplace of species, 82.
Black Caribs, 285.
Blondes, 147, 163.
Boadicea, 107.
Bohemians, 165.
Boru Island, 236.
Brahmans, 153, 169.
Brahmanism, 170.
Brahui, 243.
Brains, size of, 26.
Brebres, 121.
Bretons, 107, 155.
Briges, 167.
Bretons, 107.
Bronze, Asian, 145.
Brunettes, 147, 163.
Buddhism, 69, 70, 170, 201.
Bugis, 233.
Bulgarians, 165, 210.
Burgundians, 163.
Bushmen, 177, 179, 214.
Caddoes, 255.
Caffres, 189.
Cafusos, 33, 284.
Caledonians, 107.
Calf of leg, 33.
Cambodia, 170.
Cambodians, 206.
Canaanites, 126.
Canarese, 244.
Canon of proportion, 36.
Cantabrians, 121, 143.
Carians, 159.
Caribs, 268, 285.
Carthaginians, 120, 125, 130.
Caste, 170.
Caucasic stock, 170.
“Caucasian” race, 172.
Caucasus, 105, 112.
Celt-Indic stock, 144.
Celtic peoples, 154.
Celtic type, 107.
Celts, 107, 111, 150, 151.
Celtiberians, 121.
Ceylon, 222.
Chaco, the, 271.
Chaldeans, 137, 199.
Changallas, 181.
Chata-Muskokis, 254.
Chepewyans, 251.
Chibchas, 271.
Chilluks, 181.
Chinese, the, 198.
Chinos, 285.
Chiriqui, 267.
Chukchis, 214, 215.
Circassians, 171.
Civilization, 101, 288.
Climate, 40.
Cochin-China, 205.
Color in race, 29.
Color of skin, 30.
Color of eyes, 32.
Color sense, 36.
Comanches, 257.
Commerce, pre-historic, 75.
Communal marriage, 53.
Confucius, 202.
Congo, the, 177, 178, 189, 190.
Coptic, 120, 127, 150.
Cossacks, 210.
Craniology, 19.
Creeks, 255.
Criteria of superiority, 47.
Croatians, 165.
Culture defined, 101.
Cuneiform writing, 126.
Cyclopean walls, 160.
Cymri, 108, 112.
Cymric, 107, 155.
Cypriotes, 130.
Cyprus, 159.
Czechs, 165.
Dacians, 158, 166.
Daghestan, 171.
Dahomey, 185.
Dakotas, 254.
Dalmatians, 165.
Danakils, 131.
Danes, 163.
Dayaks, 233, 234.
Deluge myth, 114, 144.
Destiny of Races, 292.
Dinkas, 181.
Disease in races, 39.
Djats, 169.
Djurjura, 111, 119.
Dravidians, 169, 239, 243, 284.
Dryopithecus, the, 84.
Easter Island, 236, 238.
Egypt, stone age, 129.
Egyptians, 42, 120, 121, 123, 127.
Ehkilis, 133, 134.
Eranic peoples, 166.
Eskimos, 21, 54, 215, 249.
Esthonians, 212.
Ethical standards, 58.
Ethics, primitive, 59.
Ethiopia, 177.
Ethiopians, 135.
Ethnic psychology, 52.
Ethnographic scheme, 99.
Etruscans, 124, 130, 155, 156.
Eurafrica, 89.
Eurafrican Race, 97, 103, 298.
Eurasia, 89, 196.
Eurasians, 107, 112.
Euskaric stock, 142.
Euskaric type, 159.
Evolution, 80, 81.
Exogamy, 43, 46.
Eyes, orbits of, 23; color, 31.
Facial angle, 24.
Fans, 188.
Fanti, 185.
Fellahs, 188.
Fellata, 183.
Fetichism, 68.
Fine arts, 73.
Finnic group, 211.
Finns, 212.
Finno-Ugric, 206.
Flatheads, 23.
Folk-lore, 82.
Food, 40.
Formosa, 224.
Franks, 163.
French, 156.
Friendship, 55.
Fuegians, 53, 271.
Fundjas, 187.
Gaelic, 154.
Gando, 183.
Gallas, 131.
Gauls, 107.
Geez, 135.
Genghis Khan, 209.
Gens, 56, 57.
Geographical provinces, 95.
Georgians, 171.
Germany, 157.
Germans, 163.
Getulians, 116.
Ghadames, 116.
Ghanata, 176.
Ghiliaks, 215.
Glacial age, 91.
Gondwana, 222.
Goths, 112, 125, 163.
Great Mogul, 209.
Greek language, 160.
Greeks, 45.
Gaunches, 116, 117, 122, 130.
Guinea, 184.
Gypsies, 169.
Hadramaut, 134, 136.
Haidahs, 257.
Hair, the, 32.
Hamitic stock, 115.
Harrari, 135.
Haussas, 182.
Heart line, 29.
Hebrews, 139.
Heel, in negroes, 28.
Hellenic peoples, 159.
Heterogenesis, 81.
Himyarites, 133, 186.
Hindoos, 169.
Hittites, 126, 214.
Hottentots, 35, 177, 179.
Hovas, 233.
Huns, 210.
Hunzas, 169.
Iarbas, 122.
Iberi, 121, 122, 143.
Iberian peninsula, 121, 157.
Illyrians, 152, 158.
Illyric peoples, 158.
Inca bone, 23.
“Indians,” 247.
Indo-Chinese, 205.
Indo-Eranic peoples, 166.
Innuit, 249.
Irish, 107, 154.
Iroquois, 254.
Ishmaelites, 133.
Islam, 69, 70, 203.
Israelites, 137.
Italians, 156.
Italic peoples, 155.
Jakout, 210.
Jalin, 136.
Japyges, 158.
Japanese, 216.
Japetus, 105.
Javanese, 234.
Jaws, shape of, 24.
Jews, 139, 299.
Joktanides, 136.
Kabyles, 111, 116, 117, 118, 128.
Kanembus, 182.
Kanoris, 182.
Kavi, 234.
Kalihari desert, 179.
Kalmucks, 208.
Kamschatkans, 215.
Karelians, 212.
Khamers, 131.
Khmers, 206.
Khonds, 244.
Kiks, 181.
Kimos, 179.
Kioways, 256.
Kirghis, 211.
Kists, 171.
Kohls, 244.
Koraks, 215.
Koreans, 218.
Kurdistan, 167.
Kurgans, 165.
Ladakis, 205.
Ladinish, 156.
Ladins, 107.
Lamuts, 208.
Language, 60-66.
Languages, scheme of, 64.
Laos, 206.
Lao-tse, 202.
Latin peoples, 156.
Latins, 152, 155.
Lapps, 35, 212.
Leleges, 159.
Lemuria, 223.
Lemurian reversion, 271.
Lesghians, 171.
Lettic peoples, 162.
Letto-Slavs, 152.
Leucæthiopes, 116.
Lhasa, 204.
Libyan group, 115.
Libyans, 116, 117.
Libyo-Teutonic type, 106, 118.
Ligurians, 150, 155.
Linguistic stocks, 61.
Lipans, 251.
Lithuanian language, 149, 162.
Livoanians, 212.
Loan words, 65.
Lolo, 198.
Lombards, 163.
Loochoo Islands, 218.
Love words, 54.
Luristan, 167.
Macassars, 234.
Macedonians, 158.
Madagascar, 179, 222.
Magna Grecia, 161.
Magyars, 212.
Malayalas, 244.
Malays, 230, 232, 239.
Mallinki, 184.
Manchus, 207.
Mandingoes, 183, 184, 193.
Mangues, 266.
Mantras, 224.
Manx, 107, 154.
Maoris, 236.
Marghis, 182.
Masiti, 190.
Massagetes, 164.
Mauritanians, 116.
Mayas, 263.
Mazimbas, 189.
Megalithic structure, 120.
Melanesians, 227, 228.
Melanism, 45.
Melle, 176, 193.
Menephtah inscription, 123.
Metissage, 45, 47.
Miaotse, 198.
Micronesians, 245.
Migrations, early, 74.
Mincopies, 224.
Mingling of races, 45.
Mingrelians, 171.
Mixtecs, 262.
Modesty, 59.
Mohammedanism, 70.
Monbuttus, 187.
Monogenism, 79.
Montenegrins, 165.
Mois, 224.
“Mound Builders,” 255.
Mundas, 244.
Muscular habits, 33.
Mzabites, 116, 133.
Nabotheans, 133.
Namollos, 215.
Nasal index, 23.
Navajos, 251.
Negrillos, 177.
Negritos, 223.
Negroes, the, 181.
Negroids, the, 185.
Negus, the Grand, 137.
Nepalese, 205.
Niger, the, 175, 176, 182.
Nile, the, 175, 185.
Nile, valley, 91, 129.
Ninevites, 126.
Norsemen, 163.
Nose, shape of, 24.
Nubians, 45.
Nubus, 187.
Nuers, 181.
Numidians, 116.
Nyam-Nyams, 187.
Oases, 176.
Obongos, 178.
Old Prussian, 162.
Orbital index, 23.
Oscans, 151, 155.
Osmanlis, 210.
Ossetes, 167.
Palæolithic implement, 84, 90.
Pali, 169.
Pamir plateau, 195, 198, 210.
Papuas, 227, 229.
Parsees, 112, 167.
Pawnees, 256.
Pelasgians, 214.
Pelvic index, 28.
Permians, 212.
Personal loyalty, 56.
Persians, 167.
Phenicians, 126, 138, 160.
Phonetic laws, 64.
Phratries, 57.
Phrygians, 159.
Physical ideal, 41.
Picts, 114, 143.
Po, plain of, 111.
Poles, 165.
Polyandry, 53.
Polygenism, 79.
Polynesians, 235.
Portuguese, 156, 157.
Prakrit, 169.
Proto-Aryac language, 148.
Proto-Hellenes, 160.
Proto-Semitic languages, 119.
Puls, 188.
Punt, the land, 176.
Pygmies, 177.
Qquichuas, 272.
Quaternary, geography, 86.
Quimos, 179.
Races, development, 92.
Races, classification, 97.
Races, subdivisions, 98.
Rajpoots, 169.
Rapanui, 238.
Red hair, 45.
Religion, 67.
Rifians, 116, 125.
Rig Veda, 169.
River drift men, 84, 91.
Romance languages, 156.
Romany, 169.
Roumanians, 156, 157.
Russians, 165.
Ruthenians, 165.
Sabeans, 133.
Sahaptins, 258.
Sahara, the, 87, 88, 116, 173, 176.
Sakaies, 224.
Sakulavas, 189.
Sakya Muni, 69.
Samaritans, 137.
Sambaquis, 269.
Samnites, 155.
Samoyeds, 212.
Sandehs, 187.
Sansandig, 183.
Sanscrit, 145, 160, 168.
Santals, 244.
Sarmatians, 164.
Savai, 236.
Saxons, 163.
Scotch, the, 154.
Scythians, 164.
Senegal, 183, 184.
Semangs, 224.
Semites, cradle of, 132.
Sereres, 183.
Serkus, 116.
Servians, 165.
Sex relations, 37.
Sexual impulse, 53.
Sexual preference, 43.
Shamanism, 68.
Sheba, Queen of, 133.
Shilhas, 116.
Shintoism, 217.
Shoshonees, 256.
Siagosch, 112.
Siamese, 206.
Sibiric Branch, 206.
Sicily, 161.
Simiadæ in Europe, 85.
Sinhalese, 235.
Sinitic Branch, 197.
Skulls, shape of, 21.
Skypetars, 158.
Slavonic peoples, 164.
Sokoto, 183.
Somalis, 132.
Sononki, 184.
Spaniards, 156.
Spanish Americans, 45.
Special senses, 36.
Steatopygy, 35.
Stone age, 91.
Stone age in Egypt, 129.
Suahelis, 189.
Sudan, the, 181, 182.
Suevi, 112.
Suomi, 212.
Susians, 224.
Sutures of skull, 22.
Swedes, 163.
Syrians, 126, 137, 161.
Sygyni, 166.
Taboo, 237.
Tadchiks, 168.
Tagalas, 232, 233.
Tamerlane, 209.
Tamils, 244.
Tanganyika Lake, 190.
Tapuyas, 270.
Tarascos, 262.
Tartar or Tatar, 209.
Tasmanians, 240.
Tavastes, 212.
Tchad, Lake, 175, 182.
Teeth, the, 26.
Telugus, 244.
Teutonic peoples, 163.
Thai, 206.
Thibetans, 204.
Thracians, 158, 167.
Tibbus, 116, 183.
Tibia, shape of, 28.
Tigres, 135.
Timbuctoo, 183.
Tinneh, 251.
Tlinkit, 257.
Tonkinese, 206.
Todas, 183, 244.
Tonga, 236.
Totem, the, 56.
Touaregs, 122.
Transylvania, 166.
Tribal religions, 69.
Tuariks, 116, 125.
Tungus, 207.
Tunisia, 90, 119, 120.
Tupis, 269.
“Turanian,” 213.
Turcomans, 210.
Turks, 161, 209, 210.
Types of white race, 106.
Ugrians, 212.
Umbrians, 151, 156.
Ural-Altaic, 206.
Utes, 43.
Vandals, 112, 125, 163.
Vans, 114, 153.
Veddahs, 230, 235.
Volapük, 67.
Volscians, 155.
Vouatouas, 178.
Waganda, 190.
Wallachians, 156.
Walloons, 107.
War, 76-78.
Watuta, 190.
Welsh, 107, 154.
Wends, 165.
White Nile, 176, 181, 182.
Wolofs, 183, 184.
Woman, 38, 58.
World religions, 69.
Zambesi river, 189.
Zapotecs, 262.
Zend, 145, 167.
Zulus, 189.
Zuñis, 258.
FOOTNOTES:
[1] The cranial indices on one of these islands varied from 70 to 83.
The excessive claims of craniometry have been severely but justly
rebuked by Moriz Wagner, in his thoughtful work, _Die Entstehung der
Arten durch räumliche Sonderung_, s. 528, sq. (Basel, 1889), and more
forcibly censured by Waitz, _Anthropologie der Naturvölker_, Bd. I.,
ss. 84-88. The French school of anthropologists have been especially
one-sided in their devotion to this one element of the science. Among
other great naturalists, Charles Darwin was careful to point out the
variability of the skull as an anatomical part. (_The Descent of Man_,
p. 26.)
[2] Darwin, _The Descent of Man_, p. 56. The anatomical cause of
elongated or short skulls is the earlier union of either the transverse
or longitudinal sutures, thus forcing the growth to be in the other
direction. (L. Holden, _Human Osteology_, p. 127). Of course, this
begins in fœtal life; and Pruner Bey had observed children with
different forms of the skull born of the same mother. (Oscar Peschel,
_Völkerkunde_, s. 80).
[3] See Dr. Emil Schmidt, _Anthropologische Methoden_, s. 221. This is
a valuable handbook for the student of anthropology.
[4] An interesting study of this subject has been made by Dr. F. C.
Ribbe, _L’Ordre d’Obliteration des Sutures du Crane dans les Races
Humaines_ (Paris, 1885).
[5] For a careful paper on this point see Dr. Washington Matthews, in
the _American Anthropologist_, Oct., 1889.
[6] Instead of these terms the Germans use:
_Chamaekonch_ = orbital index below 80
_Mesokonch_ = “ “ 80-85.
_Hypsikonch_ = “ “ above 85.
The French expressions are preferable.
[7] W. H. Flower, in _Journal of the Anthropological Institute_, Vol.
XIV., p. 183.
[8] The “Lemurian reversion” in human dentition brought forward some
years ago as a racial indication by Professor E. D. Cope has been
largely negatived by the later researches of Dr. Harrison Allen.
_See Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society_, 1890; also,
Virchow, _Verhandlungen der Berliner Anthrop. Gesellschaft_, 1886, s.
400, sq.
[9] L. Holden, _Human Osteology_, pp. 188, 189.
[10] More accurately, the pigment cells in man are in the deeper
layer of the _rete mucosum Malpighii_. Cf. A. Kölliker, “Ueber die
Entstehung des Pigments in den Oberhautgebilden,” in the _Zeitschrift
für wissensch. Zoölogie_, Bd. XLV., s. 713 sq.
[11] This was the result of numerous autopsies during the American
civil war. Some dissections reported by M. T. Chudzinski seem to show
that the liver of the negro is smaller than that of the white. (_Revue
d’Anthropologie_, 1887, p. 275). But its relative size to the lungs is
the question at issue. The comparative splanchnology of the different
races has yet to be worked out.
[12] Dr. John Beddoe in England, Topinard in France, and Virchow in
Germany, have been especially active in obtaining these statistics.
[13] L. Testut, in _L’Homme_, 1884, p. 377.
[14] In _Archivio per l’Antropologia_, 1885.
[15] See Topinard, “Le Canon des Proportions du Corps de l’Homme
Européen,” in _Revue d’Anthropologie_, 1889, p. 392.
[16] An instructive article on this subject is that of Alphonse de
Candolle, “Les Types brun et blond au point de vue de la Santé,” in the
_Revue d’Anthropologie_, May, 1887.
[17] A number of striking instances have been collected by Waitz,
_Anthropologie der Naturvölker_, Bd. I., s. 141. Dr. Max Bartels, in
the _Zeitschrift für Ethnologie_, 1888, s. 183, establishes this rule:
“The higher the race, the less the tolerance of surgical disease; and
in the same race, the lower the culture, the greater the tolerance.”
[18] _Solomon’s Song_, Chap. VII., v. 4, etc.