F.

FALLOW DEER—are the species of _Deer_ bred in parks for the production

of venison, as well for the private use of the great and opulent, as for

sale. The male is called A BUCK; the female, a DOE; the offspring of

both, A FAWN; and they vary some degrees in colour, but consist

principally of a dark dingy brown, inclining to black, or a mottled

sandy dun. The BUCK is furnished with horns, which he sheds yearly: the

DOE has no such weapons for self-defence.

The BUCK sheds his horns from the middle of _April_ through the first

weeks of _May_, which are in part regenerated by the month of

_September_. The DOE generally produces her young in the last week of

_May_, or during the two first of _June_. The season for BUCK VENISON

commences in _July_, and goes out about Michaelmas; when DOE VENISON

comes in, and continues till _January_. The time in which the act of

procreation is carried on (called _rutting time_) commences at the

latter end of _August_, and continues during the greater part of

_September_.

The skins of both buck and doe are manufactured into the article of

leather for breeches, so superior to every other kind for the purpose of

riding, the produce of the whole kingdom is not equal to the demand,

many thousand skins being annually imported from different parts of the

world. For the LAWS relating to DEER, see DEER STEALERS.

BUCK HUNTING was formerly a much more frequent sport than at present;

and a dwarf kind of stag-hound (called _buck-hounds_) were kept for the

purpose. The uncertainty and short duration of the chase, has, however,

at length, nearly obliterated the practice, as there is hardly such a

thing in the kingdom as _a pack_ kept _solely_ for the purpose of

hunting FALLOW DEER.

FALLOW LAND—is land so called when under no immediate cultivation, but

ploughed up, and laid at rest, to acquire, from its exposure to the

elements, additional strength for the production of future crops. Of

these there are both _summer_ and _winter_ fallows; upon the last of

which, if dry, HARES may generally be found in the months of _January_,

_February_, and _March_, if there are any to be seen in the country.

FALCONER.—A FALCONER, whose province it was to _tame_, _manage_, and

look after FALCONS, and other _hawks_, was formerly as great and

conspicuous a character as the most celebrated HUNTSMAN of the present

day. The influence of fashion, and the changes wrought by time, have,

however, so obscured both SPORT and SPORTSMAN in this way, that neither

_hawk_, _falcon_, or _falconer_, are to be seen or heard of, unless in

the northern parts of the kingdom, where it is also nearly buried in

oblivion.

FALSE QUARTER—is a defect in the hoof of a horse, originally sustained

by some injury, producing a destruction of parts; as _quittor_,

_canker_, _wounds_, _treads_, _bruises_, or such _formation of matter_,

by which a part of the hoof has been unavoidably destroyed, or

necessarily taken away. In the regeneration of parts, the incarnation

(from the rigid and horny nature of the hoof) is irregular and

imperfect, forming a sort of _cleft_ (or artificial union) with the

sound part upon the surface, productive of a sensible weakness

underneath. This imperfect and defective junction renders such

_quarter_, as is it called, inadequate to the weight it is destined to

bear; in which case, much judgment is required, and may be exerted, in

the palliation, as _perfect cure_ is not to be expected. Care must be

taken in forming the shoe to relieve the tender part from pressure, by

_hollowing_ it at that particular spot, and letting the bearing be fixed

entirely upon the sound parts. By constant attention in reducing the

prominent edges of the irregular projection with the fine side of the

RASP, and a few occasional impregnations with _fine spermacæti oil_, the

hoof may be sometimes restored to its original formation.

FAMILY.—See BLACK LEGS and BETTING.

FARCY,—except the GLANDERS, is the most unfortunate and destructive

disease to which the horse is subject. It is _infectious_, and may be

communicated from one horse to another, or to the whole stable, where

many stand together. As it frequently attacks different subjects in a

different way, (according to the _state_ and _condition_ of the horse at

the time of attack,) so it has afforded opportunity to the _fertile_ and

_ingenious_ to extend and define it to _various kinds_ of FARCY, though

they are but different shades and gradations of the same disease.

The very first traits of this disorder are too distinguishing to be

mistaken; although the attack may be made either _one_ way or the

_other_. The subject is, in general, _dull_, _heavy_, _sluggish_, and

seemingly oppressed with _lassitude_ and _debility_, for some days

previous to any external symptoms of disease; in a short time after

which, small _purulent pustules_ appear, with a sort of seeming _eschar_

upon the _apex_ of each, running along the veins in a kind of

continuity, bearing no ill affinity or resemblance to a bunch of grapes

a little diversified in size. Upon any of these _eschars_, or _scabs_,

being removed, they are followed by a thin bloody ichor in some; but in

others, by a fœtid, viscid, corrupted matter, not unlike a mixture of

honey and oil, when brought into all possible incorporation.

As the disorder advances to a more inveterate malignity, these pustules

burst, the scab or eschar exfoliates, and each becomes a virulent,

ill-conditioned _ulcer_. In many instances the progress is extended with

incredible rapidity; and the larger vessels, with their inferior

ramifications, are soon universally affected; holding forth a very

unpromising prediction of early extrication. A tolerable opinion may be

formed of the mildness or threatened severity of the disease by the

nature of the attack: if appearances are partial, (that is, attached to

any particular spot,) without a speedy extension to different parts of

the body, or its extremities, the case may be considered in its then

_infantine state_ favourable; and the proper means should not be delayed

to counteract its farther contamination of the blood and juices: on the

contrary, should a daily increase of the eruption be observed, spreading

itself in various directions along the plate-vein, and down the inside

of the fore-arm, under the belly, proceeding on both sides the sheath,

and down the inside of each thigh, a cure may be considered very

_distant_ and _uncertain_; involving a doubt for prudent deliberation,

whether the alternative of DEATH may not be preferable to the _chance_

of _cure_, at an expence (if effected) very, very far exceeding the

value of THE HORSE.

Experience, and attentive observation, tend to justify an opinion, that

when the FARCY makes its first appearance, in the way described, it is

then of the species received by _infection_, and that it has lain

dormant some time in the circulation. When it makes its attack upon one

particular part, in a previous _tumefaction_, and subsequent

_suppuration_, (extending no farther than the quarter in which it

originates,) it may then be considered a degree of the same disorder,

retaining within itself much _less virulence_ than the former, and to

have been produced by the morbid state of the blood, and predominant

tendency to disease; holding forth a well-founded prospect of CURE, if

the case happens to fall into the hands of a judicious and scientific

practitioner, who well knows the peculiar _property_ of _medicine_, upon

which alone the success depends.

Those writers who have industriously _divided_ and _sub-divided_ the

FARCY into so many _different diseases_, have not noticed a disorder (or

rather a complication) partaking of the joint symptoms of both GLANDERS

and FARCY; from which circumstance it has, by the best and most

experienced practitioners, been denominated, FARCY GLANDERS, and is, in

its attack, progress, and termination, precisely as follows. One or more

swellings appear upon some part or parts of the body, where, after

attaining a certain size, they become _indurated_, making no farther

progress toward _maturation_. Here NATURE seems counteracted in her own

efforts, and, by some inexplicable _revulsion_, the head is almost

immediately and severely affected; TUMEFACTIONS appear under the _jaws_;

the SWELLINGS increase in various parts and degrees about the _eyes_ and

_mouth_; a most incredible discharge comes on from the nostrils,

_discoloured_ and _offensive_ beyond description; in which state,

bidding defiance to every interposition of ART, or administration of

MEDICINE, the animal lingers a few days, and, if not previously

dispatched, (as in fact it ought to be,) DIES a _mass_ of complete

_putrefaction_.

FARRIER—is the appellation by which a person is known, whose occupation

it has hitherto been considered to execute the joint office of

furnishing _shoes_ for the PROTECTION of the FEET, and the BODY with

MEDICINE for the _cure of disease_. It has been, from its original

formation as a business, the most _dangerous_, _laborious_, and _least

compensated_, trade (or profession) of any in the kingdom; consequently

none but the most indigent or illiterate (from the _eaves_ of a

_cottage_, or the _walls_ of a _workhouse_) could be prevailed upon to

undertake it. In proof of which, it is a well known fact, that, for a

century past, not more than _one_ in TWENTY of its practitioners, in

either _town_ or _country_, has ever been enabled to leave a _clear

twenty pounds_ to his family at the time of their decease. Recent

circumstances have, however, occurred, to give the PRACTICE of FARRIERY

a new complexion; but, unluckily, in the _extreme_; for the appearance

of "THE GENTLEMAN'S STABLE DIRECTORY" a few years since, and the success

of its author in his indefatigable endeavours, and energetic exertions,

to promote a reformation in the shamefully neglected, _erroneous_, and

_cruel_ system of FARRIERY, constituted such a blaze of national

emulation, that the institution, erection, and establishment, of a

PUBLIC SCHOOL, has rendered practitioners in FARRIERY (newly ycleped

"_Veterinary Surgeons_") as numerous as the necessitous medical

adventurers in almost every town and village of the kingdom. See

VETERINARY COLLEGE.

FARRIERY.—The ART of FARRIERY consists in the peculiar mode of

discovering one disorder from another, by a discrimination of

predominant symptoms, and the administration of medicine particularly

applicable to that peculiar species of disease. It also comprehends and

includes the operations of BLEEDING, CROPPING, DOCKING, NICKING,

BLISTERING, FIRING, &c. as well as the cure of wounds, and the long

train of _ills_ and _accidents_ to which the horse is incident. This ART

(or more properly _science_) now struggling to become respectable, has

hitherto continued in a state of the most _wretched sterility_ for the

reasons so clearly explained under the last head; to which may be added,

the very impressive consideration, that its PROFESSORS have not been

permitted to retain the least personal weight in the scale of society;

on the contrary, have been generally held in the most trifling

estimation, and consequently destined to associate only with the

_lowest_ and least polished classes of every description.

The degrading, dirty, and inferior offices to which the _manual_ or

operative FARRIER must incessantly become liable in the course of his

PRACTICE, renders it readily to be believed, that those whose EDUCATION

have been sufficiently liberal to qualify them for a scientific

initiation in the STUDY of PHYSIC and ANATOMY, as well as a perfect

knowledge of the PROPERTY of MEDICINE, cannot be expected to descend to

the _rough_ and _laborious_ business of the FORGE, making, _fitting_ and

_setting_ the SHOES, as well as many other equally difficult and

hazardous operations to which the subordinate must perpetually become

subject in the course of his practice. Hence it is fair to infer, that

the liberal education, and acquired polish, of the VETERINARY SURGEON,

will so ill accord with the sensations of the SHOEING or _black smith_,

that they will be found incompatible with _each other_; and, until a

more extended idea, and generous compensation, is adopted by the public,

to render the MEDICAL MONITOR, (or veterinary surgeon,) and common

_shoeing-smith_ and _operative farrier_, two distinct and separate

branches, the practice of FARRIERY and VETERINARY MEDICINE will never

attain the improvement of which it is so clearly capable.

FAWN—is the young of the BUCK and DOE, called a fawn during the first

year. A fawn is secreted by the dam in the _fern_, or _long grass_, with

great care, during the first weeks, and seldom accompanies the mother

but by night. In royal PARKS and CHACES, a certain number are annually

killed when _fawns_ of about three months old, to prevent the district

from being _overstocked_; this is generally done by COURSING _with_

GREYHOUNDS, which is most excellent sport, the greyhounds being

frequently _beat_.

FEATHER.—The centrical division, and different directions, of the

surrounding hair in a horse's forehead is so called: they are also

frequently seen upon the neck on one or both sides the mane, and

sometimes upon the hind quarters, and are considered natural ornaments:

their similitude to a feather of the first plumage has given them this

appellation.

FEATHER WEIGHT,—in the SPORTING WORLD, signifies the lightest weight

that can be put upon the back of a HORSE, in whatever MATCH he may be

engaged, and totally depends upon the will of the owner; who is not

under the necessity of bringing his RIDER to the _scale_ either _before_

or _after_ the race, in an engagement where "feather weight" is

particularly expressed. On the contrary, when a horse runs for any

PLATE, MATCH, SWEEPSTAKES, or SUBSCRIPTION, at a _fixed weight_,

according to his AGE, HEIGHTH, or QUALIFICATION, his RIDER must be

publicly weighed upon the course _previous_ to _starting_; and at the

termination of _every heat_, if the rider _dismounts_ before his horse

is led up to the SCALES, (generally affixed to the starting-post,) or

when there, not weighing his proper weight, the HORSE is deemed

_distanced_, and can start no more for the prize in question.

FEEDER—is one essential part of a HUNTING ESTABLISHMENT, bearing no ill

affinity to the _bellows-blower_ of an ORGANIST; for if the hounds are

not _well_ and _properly_ fed, they can never be adequate to the

fatigues and difficulties they have to go through. To the FEEDER is

submitted the management of the HOUNDS in kennel; but he is always

subject to the occasional directions of the HUNTSMAN, whose immediate

subordinate he is, and whose dictation he must implicitly obey. He

should not only be _young_, _indefatigable_, and _alert_, but fond of

his employment; as well as _humane_ and _good tempered_, for the comfort

of the poor animals entrusted to his care, who have not the power to

expostulate when _ill used_, or to remonstrate if their _grievances_

stand in need of _redress_.

The department of the FEEDER is of more magnitude than may at first

sight be believed. It is his particular business to keep THE KENNEL

_sweet_ and _clean_, and to execute this part of his trust at stated and

invariable periods. To _boil_, _prepare_, and _mix_ the different kinds

of provision for the HOUNDS, according to the regulations of the

establishment to which he belongs. When disengaged from the concerns of

the kennel, he is expected to assist in _the stables_; as well as to

_exercise_ and _dress_ the spare horses of the HUNTSMAN and WHIPPER-IN,

on hunting days when they are absent. In extensive concerns, and large

packs, two are required to FEED, in which case the HUNTSMAN (as is most

proper) always renders assistance.

FEET.—The FEET of HORSES being the very basis of support upon which the

safety and expedition of the frame entirely depend, they are entitled to

every possible degree of CARE and ATTENTION; more particularly in the

WINTER SEASON, when, from _neglect_, so many ills and inconveniencies

are known to arise. The injuries, accidents, and diseases, to which the

FEET are constantly liable, consist of CRACKS in the _heels_, SCRATCHES

or _lacerations_, STUBS and _bruises_ of the _outer sole_, or upon the

_verge_ of the _coronet_, between _hair_ and _hoof_, CORNS, SANDCRACKS,

THRUSHES, CANKER, QUITTOR, RINGBONE, and FOOT-FOUNDER; exclusive of the

frequent injuries sustained in SHOEING, by the _ignorance_, _indolence_,

or _obstinacy_ of those SMITHS who, having no professional reputation to

support, are too innately confident in their _own ability_ to bear

instruction.

As the DEFECTS thus enumerated will be found individually enlarged upon

under distinct and separate heads, it becomes only necessary here to lay

down such general rules for the regular management of the FEET, as may

(properly attended to) prove the means of prudent prevention; not more

in respect to the _trouble_ and _expence_ of DISEASE, than of the most

mortifying and repentant anxiety. These defects and disquietudes are

seldom found but in the stables where the MASTER rarely or ever

condescends to _obtrude_ his PERSON and commands upon the _tenacious

dignity_ of a self-important groom; the persevering industry of whose

careful endeavours, and the pliability and elasticity of whose joints,

if properly exerted, would prove the truest and most _infallible

preventives_ to SWELLED LEGS and CRACKED HEELS, in preference to all the

_nostrums_ ever yet brought into private practice or public use. And

those who unfortunately encounter _these ills_, may generally, and with

justice, attribute them much more to the _constitutional_ tardiness of

the _professed groom_ (or occasional strapper) than any defect in the

constitution of the horse.

The FEET of different HORSES vary exceedingly in what may be termed the

_texture_ or _property_ of the hoof; and this is, in general, regulated

by the colour of the LEGS and FEET. There are few horses with _white

heels_, but what have _white hoofs_ also, and these are always more

liable to, and susceptible of, DEFECTS and WEAKNESS, than those of an

opposite description. The sound, firm, dark-coloured hoof, of the BAY,

BROWN, or BLACK horse, is seldom found _defective_; but those of other

coloured horses are the most subject to weak, thin soles, displaying a

prominence on each side the frog, occasioned by a too feeble and

inadequate resistance to the force of the membranous mass within; feet

of which description are also frequently found to have the corresponding

concomitant of a _brittle hoof_, the edges of which are incessantly

_splitting_, and throwing out a constant threatening of SANDCRACKS, with

the additional mortification of being subject to inveterate THRUSHES, or

an almost constantly diseased or putrefied state of the frog.

FEET, so exceedingly different in the nature of their construction, must

certainly require as different a mode of treatment, according to such

circumstances as happen to exist. To preserve feet perfectly sound, and

free from the ills to which they are subject, cleanliness is the leading

step. After exercise or use, so soon as the body is drest, the _dirt_ or

_gravel_ should be carefully taken from under the shoes with a PICKER,

the feet well washed, the legs and heels rubbed dry, the bottom stopped

with _cow dung_, and the hoofs oiled with a brush impregnated with

SPERMA CÆTI OIL. Horses left with _wet legs_ and _heels_, after a severe

chace, or long journey, particularly in sharp easterly winds, or during

FROST and SNOW, constitute _cracks_ or _scratches_ to a certainty. So

severe a rigidity is occasioned in the very texture of the integument,

that it becomes partially ruptured or broken in various places, upon

being brought into expeditious action; which, with the _friction_ and

_irritation_ then occasioned by the sharp particles of gravel in dirty

roads, soon produce lacerations of the most painful description.

The state of the SHOES should be constantly attended to. Permitted to

continue _too long_ upon the FEET, the growth of the _hoof_ brings the

shoe forward, rendering it too short at the _heel_, when it begins to

indent, and _sinking_ upon the _foot_, soon presses upon the _outer

sole_, constituting pain or disquietude in some horses, and laying the

foundation of CORNS in others. Horses, in moderate work, require NEW

SHOES once a month upon an average, never varying more than two or three

days from that time: indeed, it is not right they should go longer. The

penurious plan of _removing_ shoes _half worn_ is truly ridiculous; they

never render service adequate to the expence, and the practice only

tends to a more frequent destruction of the hoof. THRUSHES should be

counteracted upon their first appearance, without being permitted to

acquire a corroding virulence. SWELLED LEGS are hardly ever seen in

stables where a proper course of discipline, and regular routine of

business, is observed; they proceed from a visced, sizey state of the

blood, a languor in the circulation, a want of exercise out of the

stable, or a sufficiency of friction, leg-rubbing, care, and attention

within. See GREASE.

FERN—is a plant abounding plentifully in CHACES, BEECHEN WOODS, and

COMMONS, and is a seeming diminutive resemblance of our native bulwark

the hardy oak, not more in the similitude of its growth, than its

appropriation to various purposes of utility. It not only constitutes

excellent bedding for cattle in the winter, but has been considered so

instrumental to the PRESERVATION of GAME, that laws have been _framed_

to prevent its being wantonly destroyed, or unseasonably perverted, to

the interested purposes of private individuals.

"Any person who shall unlawfully _set fire to_, _burn_, or _destroy_, or

assist in so doing, any _goss_, _furze_, or _fern_, upon any FOREST or

CHASE within England, he shall, on the oath of _one_ witness before a

JUSTICE of the peace, forfeit a sum not exceeding 5l. nor less than 40s.

one moiety to the informer, the other to the poor of the parish. The

same to be levied by distress; in want of which, the offender to be

committed to the house of correction, or county gaol, for a time not

longer than three months, nor less than one." In addition to which act,

there are other MANORIAL rights and _local customs_, respecting FERN

upon _wastes_ and _commons_, restraining those who have right of common

(or other privileges) from cutting fern before HOLYROOD DAY in every

year.

FERRET—is a useful little animal, well known to WARRENERS and

RAT-CATCHERS, by whom they are principally bred, as necessary to their

own occupations. The _ferret_ is of great spirit, strength, and courage,

for its size; is an inveterate enemy to _rabbits_, _rats_, and

_poultry_; in the pursuit of which, it will encounter any difficulty or

danger, when once put upon _the scent_. The body is longer in proportion

to its height, than almost any other animal, the _weazel_ and _stoat_

excepted. The colour frequently varies, even in the young of the same

dam and the same litter; some being black, with white under the belly;

some are of a faint straw-colour yellow, and others of a light sandy

red. The head is, in its formation, not unlike _the mouse_; the eyes are

small, fiery, having the appearance of red-hot iron, and can

consequently distinguish objects in the dark. It has a natural and

instinctive propensity to _burrowing_, and where-ever _the head can

enter_, the rest of the body can easily follow. Whenever the FERRET has

secured the prey he is in pursuit of, he extracts the _blood_ with

extreme pleasure by _suction_, but is totally indifferent to the

_flesh_; with the exception of the head of either RABBIT or RAT, the

skull of which he directly destroys with his teeth, the better to enjoy

an instantaneous and luxurious _feast_ upon the _brains_.

The FERRET usually produces five or six young at each litter, after a

gestation of _forty days_: the offspring continue blind for _thirty

days_, and copulate in six weeks after they can see. They are not

ravenous, (except in pursuit of their prey, after having been long

fasted;) are easily supported upon bread, milk, and similar trifles,

enabled by nature to exist a long time without food, which is in some

degree compensated for by their great enjoyment of sleep. When used in

WARRENS, they are hunted with _muzzles_, that they may alarm the

RABBITS, and drive them from their _burrows_ to the _nets_, without

having the power to injure them; for if they were enabled to seize them

_under ground_, they could never be prevailed upon to leave the earths.

FETLOCK.—The part so called is the next joint below the knee, and is

formed by the union of the shank-bone, at its _bottom_, with the upper

part of the small bone passing from this junction to the coronary bone

at its _top_. The TENDONS (commonly called the _back sinews_) have their

lower seat of insertion at this joint, which is constantly liable to,

and frequently susceptible of, the most serious LAMENESS. As injuries of

this joint are sometimes incurable, particularly when occasioned by a

twist or ligamentary distortion, one precaution may be prudently

retained in memory; that more horses are lamed by _short_, _sudden_, and

_unnatural_ turns in the _narrow stalls_ of an ill-constructed STABLE,

(particularly in the Metropolis,) than by any straitforward means

whatever. TENDINOUS LAMENESS has a much greater chance of early relief,

and permanent cure, than an injury sustained at the _junction of the

bones_; for the relaxed tendons being restored to their original

elasticity by CORROBORATIVE STIMULANTS, BLISTERING, or FIRING,

frequently continue _sound_ during the existence of the horse: on the

contrary, a LIGAMENTARY LAMENESS, however it may be relieved, or

_apparently_ restored, is always more subject to a relapse or repetition.

FEVER,—HORSES are subject to, and frequently attacked with, originating

in various causes, and acting upon different constitutions in a

different way. Judicious discrimination should be made between what is

(_ab origne_) a FEVER within itself, and _symptomatic_ fever, dependent

upon, and arising from, _another_ cause. Extreme pain may produce FEVER,

as in large _formations_ of _matter_, where tumours approach gradually

to suppuration. FEVER may become attendant upon _inflammatory cholic_,

or upon a severe fit of the _strangury_, or spasmodic affection of the

kidnies. In all INFLAMMATIONS of the LUNGS, the fever exceeds

description; but these fevers are called SYMPTOMATIC, as being a

concomitant, or distinguishing trait, of the DISEASE upon which it is

_founded_, rather than a disease within itself.

The predominant symptoms of FEVER are, an agitated lassitude and

debility of the whole frame, with evident disquietude in every position;

quick and strong pulsation; mouth parched and dry, with a burning heat

to the fingers, when placed under the tongue; breath of a fleshy

offensive smell; the eyes red, inflamed and prominent, as if propelled

by internal inflammation; heaving _more_ or _less_ in the flanks,

according to the mildness or severity of the case. Frequent attempts are

made to STALE; the urine is very _red_ in colour, and comes away in

small quantities: the dung is generally hard, voided in single or double

globules, to each of which adheres a _viscid slime_, indicative of much

internal foulness amidst the interstices of the intestinal canal. Loss

of appetite, difficulty of respiration, a refusal of food, and impatient

thirst for water, are amongst the most invariable _diagnostics_ of

_fever_; and as these symptoms are _more_ or _less_ violent, may be

estimated the severity and DANGER of DISEASE.

FIDGET,—the name of a horse of much celebrity, who won as many capital

stakes as most horses of his time. He was bred by MR. VERNON; was got by

_Florizel_; dam by _Matchem_, out of an own sister to _Sweetbriar_. In

the possession of the DUKE of BEDFORD, he became a stallion at Wooburn,

and was the sire of _Augusta_, _Cub_, _Victor_, _Frisky_, _Hamadryad_,

_Nestler_, _Fantail_, _Zemise_, _Granadilla_, _Lady Sarah_, _St. Vitus_;

all winners; as well as a great number of colts and fillies, who won

large stakes at three and four years old, but ran without a name.

FIGGING—is the _sublime art_ of insinuating a profusion of false spirit,

and _artificial fire_, into a horse, when offering him for sale. This is

done by privately introducing a _piece_ of _ginger_ (previously bitten)

within the _sphincter_ of the _anus_, where, by its painful stimulus, it

so irritates the animal, that he seems, by the _cocking_ of his tail,

the instantaneous erection of his ears, and the _deceptive spirit_ he

displays in action, to be a horse of very superior appearance and value

to what he turns out when the _stimulus_ of this _deception_ has

subsided.

FILLETS—are, in more intelligible language, the LOINS of a HORSE, and

seated above the flank, beyond the last rib, and in a transverse line

with the hip-bone. A horse long in the back, narrow across the loins,

and tucked up (greyhound like) in the carcase, is said to be badly made

in the FILLETS, or, in other words, _weak_ in the _loins_.

FILLY,—the female produce of a HORSE and MARE: she is called a FILLY

FOAL the _first_ year; a YEARLING the _second_; and a FILLY till _four_

years old.

FILM—appertains to a certain DEFECT, and properly used, applies only to

a thickening of the _outer_ coat or humour of THE EYE; in which case

relief from external applications may very frequently be obtained: but

where any of the internal coverings are become opaque, (and sometimes

erroneously called films,) success from topical experiments must not be

expected.

FIRETAIL—was a name given to three famous running horses in succession;

the first got by _Childers_, the second by _Squirrel_, and the third by

_Eclipse_.

FIRING—is an operation performed upon different parts of A HORSE for the

promotion of any particular purpose, (according to the degree of injury

sustained,) and in the following way. The horse being safely secured by

_twitches_ and _cords_, according to the methods in general use, the

OPERATOR having his _irons_ in the fire properly heated, and his

_attendant_ ready to supply him with another, as often as the _fire_ of

the previous _iron_ is exhausted, he proceeds with the edge of the

_red-hot iron_ to make longitudinal and transverse strokes in

succession, over the whole part where injury has been sustained, and to

such extent as circumstances may have rendered necessary; the depth and

magnitude of the _operation_ depending upon the severity of the injury,

and the length of time since it was sustained. FIRING is frequently

adopted in _strains_ of the _back sinews_, where the subject is said to

have _broken down_; likewise for BONE and BLOOD SPAVINS, CURBS, SPLENTS,

and partially to prevent a renewal or repetition of SAND-CRACKS, as well

as for RINGBONES, and LAMENESS in the _round-bone_; in the two last,

however, it has hardly ever been known of the least utility.

FIRING-IRON,—the instrument with which the OPERATION of FIRING is

performed. It is a piece of iron about fifteen inches long, with a stem

terminating in a wooden handle at _one_ end, having a blade of three

inches long, and two wide, at the _other_. This blade is forged flat,

and is at the back half an inch in thickness, becoming gradually

_thinner_ towards the _edge_, which is not more than _one third_ what it

is at the back. They are formed of different dimensions for different

occasions, and _three_ or _four_ are kept in the fire, and used to

expedite the operation, where it is carefully and expertly performed.

FISH.—Reasons are adduced under the head "ANGLING," why it has been

thought unnecessary to enter upon so copious a subject in a work of this

kind; but as FISH, FISH PONDS, and FISHERIES, have been found repeatedly

worthy the attention of the legislature, for the preservation of

PROPERTY and PERSONAL RIGHTS, a concise abstract of the LAWS, as they

now stand, respecting those rights, will constitute the whole that can

be required, or thought necessary, upon this subject.

By the 5th Eliz. c. xxi. s. 2, it is provided, That if any person shall

unlawfully BREAK or DESTROY any _head_ or _dam_ of a FISH POND, or shall

wrongfully fish therein, with intent to _take_ or _kill fish_, he shall,

on conviction at the ASSIZES or sessions, at the suit of the King, or

the party injured, be imprisoned _three months_, and pay treble damages;

and after the expiration of the said three months, shall find sureties

for good behaviour for SEVEN YEARS to come.

By 31st Henry Eighth, c. ii. s. 2, If any _evil-disposed persons_ shall

fish in the day-time, from six in the morning till six in the evening,

in any PONDS, STEWS, or MOATS, with _nets_, _hooks_, or _bait_, against

the will of the owners, they shall, on conviction thereof, at the suit

of the King, or the party aggrieved, suffer imprisonment for the space

of three months, and find security for their good behaviour.

By 22d and 23d Charles Second, c. xxv. s. 7, it is enacted, That if _any

person_ shall, at _any time_, use any _casting-net_, _drag-net_,

_shove-net_, or _other net whatever_; or any _angle_, _hair_, _noose_,

_troll_, or _spear_; or shall lay any _wears_, _pots_, _nets_,

_fish-hooks_, or _other engines_; or shall _take_ any fish by _any means

whatsoever_, in any RIVER, STEW, MOAT, POND, or other water, _or shall

be aiding_ thereunto, without the consent of the OWNER of the WATER, and

be convicted thereof before a JUSTICE, by confession, or the OATH of

_one_ witness, within _one month_ after the offence committed, such

offender shall give to the party injured such satisfaction as the

JUSTICE shall appoint, not exceeding _treble damages_; and shall, over

and above, pay down presently unto the OVERSEERS of the POOR, such sum,

not exceeding 10_s._ as the JUSTICE shall think fit: and in _default_ of

_payment_, the said penalties to be LEVIED by DISTRESS; and for want

thereof, the offender to be committed to the _house of correction_, for

a term not exceeding _one month_, unless the party offending enter into

bond, with surety, to the party injured, in a sum not exceeding 10_l._

never to offend in like manner.

JUSTICES are also authorized to _take_, _cut_ in _pieces_, and

_destroy_, all such articles as before recited and adapted to the taking

of fish, as may be found in the possession of OFFENDERS when taken.

Persons aggrieved may _appeal_ to the QUARTER SESSIONS, whose judgment

shall be _final_. Although this power is vested in a MAGISTRATE, yet the

owner of the _water_, or _fishery_, cannot justify such a measure, but

can only take them _damage feasant_, as is particularly expressed in

various clauses of different acts of Parliament upon this subject. And

by the 4th and 5th William and Mary, it is enacted, That no person

(except makers and sellers of nets, owners of a river or fishery,

authorized fishermen, and their apprentices) shall _keep_ any net,

angle, leap, pike, or other engine for taking of FISH.

The proprietor of any river or fishery, or persons by them authorized,

may seize, and keep to his own use, any _engine_ which shall be found in

the custody of any person fishing in any _river_ or _fishery_, without

the CONSENT of the OWNER or OCCUPIER. And such owner, occupier, or

person, authorized by _either_, sanctioned by the consent of any

JUSTICE, in the day-time, may search the houses, or other places, of any

person prohibited to keep the same, who shall be suspected to have such

nets, or other engines, in his possession, and the same to seize, and

keep to their own use, or _cut in pieces_ and _destroy_.

By the 5th George Third, c. xiv. s. 1, it is enacted, That if any person

shall enter into any PARK or PADDOCK inclosed, or enter into any

_garden_, _orchard_, or _yard_, belonging to, or adjoining to, any

dwelling-house, wherein shall be any _river_, _pond_, _moat_, or other

_water_, and, by any means whatsoever, (without the consent of the

owner,) _steal_, _kill_, or _destroy_, any FISH, bred, kept, or

preserved therein, or shall be assisting therein, or shall _receive_ or

_buy_ any such fish, knowing them to be such, shall, upon conviction, be

_transported_ for _seven years_. Persons making _confession_ of such

offence, and giving evidence against an accomplice, who, in pursuance

thereof, shall be convicted, will be entitled to a free pardon.

And by the same Act, s. 3, it is enacted, That if any person shall take,

kill, or destroy, or ATTEMPT to take, kill, or destroy, any fish in any

_river_ or _stream_, _pool_, _pond_, or _other water_, (not being in any

park or paddock enclosed, or in any garden, orchard, or yard, belonging

or adjoining to a dwelling-house, but in any other enclosed ground,

_being private property_,) such person, being thereof convicted by

confession, or the oath of _one witness_ before a JUSTICE, shall forfeit

_five pounds_ to the owner of the fishery of such river or other water;

and in default thereof, shall be committed to the house of correction

for a time not exceeding _six months_.

STEALING FISH in _disguise_ is made FELONY by the 9th George the First,

c. xxii. If any person _armed_ and _disguised_, shall unlawfully

_steal_, or _take away,_ any FISH, out of any river, or pond, or

(whether armed or not) shall unlawfully and _maliciously_ break down the

head or mound of any FISH-POND, whereby the fish shall be _lost_ and

_destroyed_, or shall rescue any person in custody for any such offence,

or procure any other to join him therein, he shall be guilty of FELONY,

without _benefit_ of _clergy_.

FISTULA.—Any ulcer having a SINUS or pipe of uncertain termination, the

inside of which has acquired _callosity_, and from whence a matter or

bloody sanies flows, or may be pressed out, is called a FISTULA. In its

more immediate application, it appertains principally to the injury

sustained upon the WITHERS of HORSES; _pinched_ by the _saddle_, or

_bruised_ by the _harness_; in long and severe chases or journies with

_one_, or long continued weight and friction with the _other_. A

repetition of the _first cause_ generally lays the foundation of great

trouble; some expence, and no small share of anxiety: attended to upon

the _first injury_, the inflammation frequently submits (and _sometimes

speedily_) to the mildest class of REPELLENTS: a fomentation of hot

vinegar _twice_ or _thrice_, for ten minutes each time, or a few

applications of strong VEGETO MINERAL, incorporated with a proportion of

camphorated spirits, will generally prevent any farther cause of

disquietude.

There is no one _disease_, or _injury_, to which THE HORSE is incident,

more perplexing to the VULCANIANS of the _old school_ or VETERINARIANS

of the _new_, than a FISTULA; the formation and process of which is

precisely thus. A repetition of the bruise and friction, or painful

pressure upon the wither, having excited inflammation, NATURE makes an

_effort_ in her _own_ favour; tumefaction or swelling ensues, and

suppuration follows of course. From the bony structure of this

particular part, a copious secretion of matter is in the first instance

never obtained, or, indeed, to be expected. From the great difficulty of

securing poultices so as to retain their situation, the PROGRESS of

MATURATION is always tardy, and ultimately both _partial_ and imperfect:

the aperture, if _self-made_, is always exceedingly small, from which

may be immediately traced with the probe, _one_ or _more_ pipes or

SINUSSES in different directions, becoming more and more _callous

internally_, according to the length of their standing, or the

injudicious mode in which they may have been treated.

Various modes of treatment, and different directions for a certainty of

cure, have been laid down by successive writers upon FARRIERY, and

frequently with _little_ success. THEORY, it must be admitted, is _one_

thing; the execution in PRACTICE is _another_. The VOLUME of EXPERIENCE

opens to the mind of rumination, and professional emulation, a _new

page_ every day; that page now demonstrates the _fact_, that the most

inveterate and long-standing FISTULA is to be firmly and infallibly

cured, and the parts perfectly restored, by a mode easy in execution,

and invariable in effect. Let a silver probe be passed in every possible

direction, that the SINUSSES may be precisely ascertained; this done,

let the probe be properly _armed_ with _lint_, then plentifully

impregnated with BUTTER of ANTIMONY, and carefully introduced in such

state into _each distinct sinus_, (whichever way they divide or ramify;)

when there, give the probe a turn, that every part may be equally

affected; artificial inflammation will succeed, the internal CALLOSITY

will be _destroyed_, and slough off in a few days from the sound parts.

The _vacuum_ may then be cleansed with equal parts of FRIAR'S BALSAM,

and TINCTURE of MYRRH, by a long-necked syringe, once in three or four

days; and the WOUND being daily dressed with the _precipitate digestive

ointment_, insinuated with _lint_ rolled round the _probe_, and when

properly inserted, slipt off with the force of the finger and thumb into

the wound, and covered with a sticking plaister to keep it firm,

incarnation will be gradually promoted, and COMPLETE CURE certainly

follow.

FLANK OF A HORSE—is the part lying between the last RIB and the HIND

QUARTER, reaching from the part of the LOINS nearest the _hip-bone_, to

the bottom of the belly nearest the STIFLE. If a horse is well ribbed

up, his flank not _hollow_, but circularly prominent, and his BACK

SHORT, he is then called a "good barrelled horse," and is very seldom

deficient in other respects which constitute attraction.

FLEAM, the well-known instrument used for BLEEDING HORSES. Lancets are

preferred by some with _thin-skinned_ and blood-horses. Different kinds

of SPRING-FLEAMS have been invented also; but no one has been produced

of sufficient merit or utility to entirely supersede the established

custom.

FLESHY-FOOTED.—A horse is said to be FLESHY FOOTED, when that part of

the _bottom of the foot_ on each side the FROG (called the OUTER SOLE)

is preternaturally prominent, constituting a convexity above the _wall_

or _crust_ of the HOOF, where the shoe should have its proper bearing

upon the FOOT of the HORSE. In feet of this description, the outer sole,

from repeated bruising and battering in constant work upon hard roads,

or from an injudicious and destructive _paring away_ with the butteris,

are so exceeding thin as to indent with the slightest impression, and

being too weak to resist the membranous expansion within, compulsively

submit to the internal propulsion, and are thrown into the projecting

form already described. Great care is required in shoeing horses with

this defect: the inner part of the web of the shoe should be so

completely hollowed as not to admit the least chance of bearing upon the

prominent part; if it does, tenderness and disquietude (if not lameness)

must inevitably ensue. In cases of this kind, neither the _butteris_ or

_drawing-knife_, should be permitted in hand; they only render the

REMEDY worse than the DISEASE.

FLORIZEL—was a horse of much _celebrity_ upon the TURF, beating most

horses of his time; and was afterwards a stallion in great repute for

many years. He was got by _Herod_, dam by _Cygnet_; bred by Mr. C.

BLAKE, and foaled in 1768. He was the sire of _Berwick_, _Crookshanks_,

_Diomed_, _King William_, _Experiment_, _Fox_, _Ulysses_, _Bustler_,

_Dash_, _Fidget_, _Fortunio_, _Hope_, _Lee Boo_, _May Fly_, _Mouse_,

_Mulberry_, _Nimble_, _Pig_, _Prizefighter_, _Tongs_, _Hope_,

_Spendthrift_, _Tick_, _Tickle_, _Wonder_, _Brother to Fidget_, (who won

2000 guineas in 1791,) _Eager_, _Hopeful_, _Lilliput_, _Nameless_,

_Quick_, _Terror_, _Tartar_, _Hermia_, and _William_; all winners;

exclusive of others too numerous to recite.

FOAL—is the produce of HORSE and MARE in a general sense, including both

male and female; but when a more particular description is required, it

is customary to say either a COLT, or a FILLY foal.

FOAM.—See FROTH.

FODDER.—The winter provender for HORSES and CATTLE is so called, and

consists of _barley_ and _oat straw_, _peas haum_, the short _rakings_

of the _barn floor_ after threshing the corn, and _previous_ to cleaning

it; all which, with good shelter in the most severe and dreary part of

the season, constitute no _ill_ accommodation; particularly those

FARMYARDS in the country that are well managed, from whence HORSES,

after a _winter's run_, frequently come up FIRM in FLESH, and not very

_foul_ in _condition_. On the contrary, those who are advocates for the

STRAW-YARDS within _ten_ or _fifteen_ miles of the METROPOLIS, had

better _cut the throats_ of their HORSES than make the experiment:

they barely exist in a state of wretched starvation, are brought up in

the months of April and May objects of dreadful emaciation, and commonly

occasion more expence to generate flesh, and render them fit for use,

than they are afterwards worth. An insufficiency of sweet, good, and

healthy FODDER, or even a profusion of _stinking oats_, or _musty hay_,

will inevitably impoverish the blood, and lay the foundation of SURFEIT,

MANGE, FARCY, and other disorders.

FOIL,—a term used in HARE HUNTING. When, during the chase, a hare, after

a _head_ or _double_, runs over the ground she has _ran before_, she is

then said to be _running the foil_, and with strict truth, for nothing

can so much _foil_ the HOUNDS as a chase of this description. OLD HARES,

who have speed enough to break away, and get considerably a-head, almost

invariably throw themselves out to the _right_ or _left_, _double_, and

QUAT; particularly if a _hedge-row_, _hedge_, _fern_, _furze_, or any

_kind of covert_ presents itself favourably for the purpose. The HOUNDS

continuing to run the scent to the spot where she made her head,

_over-run the hare_, and having no continuance of scent, are of course

_at fault_; during which delay of _trying forward_, _trying back_,

making a cast to _the right_, then a cast to _the left_, the HARE slips

into her _foil_; by repeatedly running of which with the same

instinctive sagacity, she as repeatedly saves her life; without which,

and many similar _innate shifts_ to avoid their numerous enemies, there

would not long be a HARE left in the country.

FOLDING-NET.—See BAT FOWLING.

FOMENTATION—is, perhaps, the most generally useful of all external

applications in a great variety of cases, and cannot of course be too

well known, or too much encouraged. It is a process but little

_prescribed_ or _practised_ by FARRIERS or VETERINARIANS; either because

its efficacious property is very little known; or the persevering

patience required in the act, is too great for _constitutional

indolence_. In all inflammatory _tumours_ and _enlargements_ arising

from STRAINS, BLOWS, BRUISES, and various other injuries, the efficacy

of hot and persevering FOMENTATION can only be known to those who have

repeatedly experienced its salutary effects. In fact, its properties are

_twofold_, in as much as it assists NATURE in whichever is her most

predominant effort, either for _absorption_ or _suppuration_.

FOMENTATIONS are prepared by boiling three or four double handsful of

the different kinds of _aromatic_ garden herbs in _six quarts_ or _two

gallons_ of water, occasionally stirring them for a quarter of an hour;

then let the part affected be patiently FOMENTED with _sponges_ or

_flannels_, alternately dipped in the DECOCTION, as hot as it can be

consistently used without _injury_ to the _hair_. If the TUMOUR, or

enlargement, does not threaten _suppuration_, the absorption may be

assisted by a gentle persevering friction in _hand-rubbing_, previous to

the application of such REPELLENT as may be thought applicable to the

case: on the contrary, should a formation of matter have evidently taken

place, the intention of nature cannot be too expeditiously promoted; an

EMOLLIENT POULTICE should _instantly_ follow the FOMENTATION, and both

be repeated _once_ or _twice_ a-day, according to the magnitude of the

emergency.

The herbs chiefly in use for FOMENTATIONS (and from which any three or

four may be selected) are ROMAN and COMMON WORMWOOD, MALLOWS and

MARSHMALLOWS, LAVENDER leaves and flowers, ROSEMARY leaves, CAMMOMILE

flowers, ELDER flowers, and BAY leaves. These are articles not always to

be readily obtained; and as they are in all HUNTING establishments

likely to be wanted upon the most sudden emergencies, GENTLEMEN in the

country will find the convenience of giving orders for an _annual_

supply to be provided, and properly dried, in the summer, that no

disappointment may be experienced in the winter, when their use is more

likely to be required. They are kept ready mixed at the BOTANICAL SHOPS

in the _different markets_ of the Metropolis, and may always be had in

any quantity under the denomination of FOMENTATION HERBS.

FOOT.—The foot of a horse extends from the FETLOCK-JOINT to the OUTER

SOLE at the bottom of the _hoof_: it includes the CORONARY-BONE, the

NUT-BONE, the COFFIN-BONE, and the inner sole, (or membranous mass,) in

which it is deposited; as well as the _frog_ and the _wall_ or _hoof_

surrounding and supporting the whole.—See FEET.

FOOT-FOUNDERED.—A horse is said to be FOOT-FOUNDERED when there is an

evident defect in action, and a palpable tenderness, which prevents him

from putting his feet _freely_ and _boldly_ to the ground. This malady

seems never to have been clearly comprehended, or perfectly explained,

by any of those who have written upon the subjects included in the

general practice of FARRIERY. It is to be observed, that HORSES

labouring under this _infirmity_, have become gradually _contracted_ in

the _hoof_, and proportionally _narrowed_ at the _heels_, putting their

feet before each other with as much fear and caution, as if they were

moving upon a _sheet of red-hot iron_; the RIDER of any such horse,

being constantly in the _happy_ expectation of the horse's _pitching_

upon his _head_, and probably breaking the rider's own neck.

The very few reasons hitherto assigned for the origin of this defect,

"as being watered when _too hot_, then setting the horse upon _cold_

planks without _litter_;" "heats and colds, which disorder the body, and

excite malignant humours, that inflame the blood, melt the grease, and

make it descend downward to the feet, where it settles, and causes a

numbness in the hoofs;" are so truly nugatory, that they are not for a

single moment entitled to SCIENTIFIC disquisition. The only two RATIONAL

CAUSES which can be assigned for this disorder (if it can with propriety

be so termed) seem never to have attracted professional observation or

reflection. That it has its foundation in _long_ and _hard_ riding (or

drawing) upon the _hard_ and _hot_ roads in the summer months, will not

admit of a single doubt; which foundation once laid, is not only

increased by every _repetition_ of the original cause, but a formidable

addition made to it by the _shameful_ and _destructive_ practice of

fitting _red-hot shoes_, from THE FORGE, to the _foot_ of _the horse_;

an unrelenting act of cruelty, constantly and obstinately persevered in

at almost every _shoeing-shop_ in the kingdom, by which infernal act

alone, _hundreds_ of horses are annually FOOT-FOUNDERED; to crush which

evil, THE LEGISLATURE would not find itself _degraded_, by enacting a

prohibitory LAW, any more than by _condescending_ to protect the persons

of the outside passengers upon a STAGE COACH.

To justify what is advanced upon the subject of FOOT-FOUNDER, let it be

recollected, that persevering _friction_ will produce _fire_; of which

we have repeated proofs in the number of carriages known to have taken

fire upon the roads, and to have been totally consumed. We are convinced

a piece of _cold iron_, struck with a hammer five or six times in

succession upon an anvil, will quickly afford a communication of _fire_

to a _match_; this being reduced to an incontrovertible certainty, what

must be the excess of _heat_ produced by the EFFECT of ATTRITION between

the _shoe_ of _a horse_ and the _hardness_ of the _road_ in the summer

months, the animal going a FIFTEEN or TWENTY miles stage, at the rate of

_twelve_ or _fourteen_ miles an hour?

Why, the effect is precisely this; that, by the time the horse has

travelled a _few miles_, the RIDER dismounting, will find, upon

_instantaneous_ examination, the shoe has acquired (by the attrition

already described) a _degree_ of _heat_ beyond his power to bear with

his hand, without being seriously burned. The effect of heat _without_,

being the same _within_, acts so powerfully (in proportion to the

continuation of the journey, and the state of the road) upon the foot of

the horse, particularly those of the weakest texture, and the most

susceptible, that the INNER SOLE (or membranous mass in which the

_coffin-bone_ is lodged) becomes _in time_, and by _repetition_,

partially divested of its moisture, the very source of sensation; upon

which contraction of the _internal_ parts, the HOOF losing its means and

support of _expansion_, contracts in a corresponding degree,

constituting the _impoverished appearance_, _brittle-hoof_, and _narrow

heel_, previously described.

Those who have been so exceedingly sparing, or so accidentally

_sterile_, in respect to the _causes_ of this DEFECT, have,

nevertheless, been sufficiently liberal in directing A CURE. "First,

pare all the horse's soles so thin that you may see the quick; then

bleed him well at every toe; after which stop the vein with tallow and

resin melted together; and having tacked some hollow shoes slightly on

his feet, stop them with bran, tar, and tallow, melted together, and

poured into the feet as hot as can well be born; repeat this every other

day for a week or nine days, after which give him proper exercise daily;

or, what is still better, turn him out for six weeks, if it is a proper

season for so doing."

Whether this mode, so strenuously recommended, and copied by _one_

writer from _another_, is likely to effect a cure, every reader will

enjoy the privilege of judging for himself: it is, however, most likely

that those who rely upon any professional exertions for total

obliteration, will be disappointed, and that occasional palliation is

all that can be reasonably expected. There is, however, no doubt, but

frequent and plentiful impregnations of the _whole hoof_, and _bottom_

of the _foot_, with SPERMA CÆTI OIL, made warm over the fire, will

contribute as much to the expansion of the hoof, and the regeneration of

membranous moisture in its contents, as any other means whatever.

FOREHAND—implies that part of A HORSE extending from the _ears_ to the

_withers_; which, to be handsome, should be long, and rise gradually

from the upper point of the shoulder-blade to the very extremity of the

ear. A FOREHAND of this description adds greatly to the majestic

appearance and value of the horse. But a horse _low before_, with a

_short forehand_, and _indented crest_, can never become an object of

attraction.

FOREHEAD.—The forehead is the front of the horse's head; to observe the

_form_ and _effect_ of which, it will be necessary to get before him. It

is the space extending from the _roots_ of the _ears_, and between the

eyes, which being BROAD and FLAT, having a _feather_ or _star_ in the

center, constitutes a degree of beauty, and may be supposed to have a

cross of THE ARABIAN in the blood. If a horse, having a wide flat

forehead, has the advantage of a full prominent spirited eye, they at

the first approach afford no small indication of excellence; and, upon

nearer inspection, a corresponding symmetry is expected to follow.

FORE-LEGS.—The fore-legs of a horse begin at the lower extremity of the

SHOULDER-BLADE before, and the ELBOW behind: they consist of what are

termed the ARMS, (or fore thighs,) which extend to each KNEE; the

_shank-bone_ from the knee to the FETLOCK JOINT; the fetlock-bone is

continued from thence to the CORONARY-BONE, into which it is _inserted_;

the coronary-bone in part fills the cavity, or box of the hoof, being

lodged in the COFFIN-BONE, supported by the _nut-bone_ behind; these

last are deposited in the membranous mass denominated the INNER SOLE;

the whole being terminated by the bottom of the _hoof_, the _frog_, and

the _outer sole_. The FORE-LEGS, to be uniform, (in a front view,)

should be _wide_ at the upper part next the _breast_, strong and broad

in the ARM, bony below the KNEE, free from SPLENTS, a broad sound HOOF,

firm SOLE, and a FROG without _thrushes_.

FOREST.—A FOREST is a large tract of land in pasture, many miles in

extent and circumference, the property of THE CROWN, mostly well stocked

with timber, (from whence the navy is supplied,) as well as with a

variety of _underwood_, _furze_, _fern_, &c. for the breeding and

preservation of both VENISON and GAME. Forests are of great antiquity,

and their immunities are protected by laws peculiarly and solely adapted

to their preservation; the execution of which are lodged in principal

officers, and their subordinates, as follows; JUSTICES in EYRE, CHIEF

WARDENS, VERDERERS, REGARDERS, FORESTERS, WOODWARDS, AGISTORS, RANGERS,

BEADLES, and KEEPERS.

A FOREST has its foundation under a commission bearing the great seal of

England, and when proclaimed through the county in which the land so

appropriated lies, "that it is A FOREST, and to be governed by the LAWS

OF A FOREST," it then becomes a forest upon _record_, and the OFFICERS

before mentioned are appointed. A forest has its "BOUNDARIES," its

"PURLIEUS," its "PROPERTIES," its "COURTS," with a variety of

regulations equally uninteresting and unentertaining, except to those

who are resident within its precincts; to whom a variety of enlarged

particulars will be useful, and may be found in "DANIELS' RURAL SPORTS,"

a recent publication of merit and celebrity.

There are said to have been SIXTY-NINE FORESTS in England, of which the

NEW FOREST, WINDSOR FOREST, SHERWOOD FOREST, and the FOREST OF DEAN,

have always been considered the principal. His Majesty's STAG HOUNDS are

kept at the kennel upon _Ascot Heath_, in WINDSOR FOREST, where he has

for some years enjoyed the pleasures of the chase.

The beasts of forest, in all ancient records, were denominated "BEASTS

OF VENERY," and consisted of the _Hart_, _Hind_, _Hare_, _Boar_, and

_Wolf_: the complete extinction of the two latter has, however, long

since rendered the term unnecessary, if not entirely _obsolete_, and the

whole is generally comprehended under the appellation of GAME, and the

LAWS enacted to prevent its destruction.

FOREST LAWS—are the laws framed for the protection of VERT and VENISON

within the precincts of a forest. It is the business, and the duty, of

all _subordinate_ officers, to apprehend offenders of whatever

description, and present them to the FOREST COURTS, in order to their

being punished according to the magnitude of the offence they may have

committed.

FOREST COURTS—are the courts occasionally held for executing the FOREST

LAWS. The principal of which is, the Court of the CHIEF JUSTICE in EYRE;

this is a court of _record_, and is held only once in _three years_. The

Court of SWAINMOTE consists of the verderers, who, in some degree, are

the JUDGES; as they receive presentments, and hear evidence, as well as

enquire of _offences_ to _convict_, but cannot pass judgment, that power

being reserved to the Court of the CHIEF JUSTICE (called "JUSTICE SEAT")

alone. The Court of Swainmote can only be held _three times a year_. The

COURT OF ATTACHMENT is likewise a meeting of the VERDERERS, and held

once in _six weeks_, being called the "FORTY DAYS COURT."

During the time of the great camp upon _Bagshot Heath_, the DUKE of

RICHMOND having taken up his temporary residence at the _Rose Inn_,

_Wokingham_, in WINDSOR FOREST, where the courts were occasionally held,

and seeing the regulations respecting the COURT of ATTACHMENT fixed in

the room, his Grace wished to obtain some information upon the subject;

but finding none to be derived from the waiter, he desired "a person

might be sent up who knew _something of the matter_." In a few minutes

appeared the son of the landlady, who most _sagaciously_ informed the

DUKE, that the "_Forty Days Court_ was an ANNUAL MEETING, held every

_six weeks_;" with which very clear and explanatory account, his Grace

condescendingly expressed himself "perfectly satisfied."

FORM—is the spot in which the HARE takes her _seat_ at the dawn of day,

to secrete herself, after making her various work in the night (or

rather in the early part of the morning) to avoid discovery. When found

_sitting_, she is said to be in her FORM. If _shot_ as she sits, without

being previously disturbed, she is then said to have been _shot in her

form_. HARES vary their sitting according to the _season_, the _sun_,

and the _wind_. Soon after harvest they are found in wheat, barley, and

oat stubbles, as well as in rushy grassy moors; after these get bare,

they retire to _coverts_, _banks_, _hedges_, and _hedge-rows_. After

Christmas, and in the spring months, _dry fallows_, particularly those

laying towards the sun with an ascent, are seldom without hares, if

there are any in the neighbourhood.

FOUL-FEEDERS—See APPETITE.

FOWL.—FOWL, properly arranged, may be classed under three distinct

heads; as DOMESTIC FOWL, consisting of cocks, hens, geese, and ducks.

WILD FOWL, comprehending, in the general sporting acceptation, only

birds of flight and passage, as sea-gulls and geese, wild ducks,

widgeon, teal, curlews, plover, woodcocks, and snipes. GAME FOWL, in the

earliest Acts of Parliament, for its preservation, were extended to a

very long list, including even the "Heron," the "Mallard," the "Duck,"

and the "Teal:" these, however, seem to be buried in a legal oblivion,

and the whole at present to centre in the PHEASANT, the PARTRIDGE, the

GROUSE, or red game, and the HEATH FOWL, or black game; the laws

respecting which individually, will be found under their distinct and

separate heads.

FOWLING—is a term in some degree PROVINCIAL, being used in a different

sense in _one_ county to what it is in _another_. In fenny countries,

FOWLING applies generally to the pursuit of _water fowl_, and the act of

obtaining or taking them with either NET or GUN. In other parts, FOWLING

appertains only to the sport of taking partridges with a NET and SETTING

DOG. With FARMERS, and the middling class of rustics, particularly in

remote parts, _fowling_ and _shooting_ are synonimous terms.

FOWLING-BAG, OR NET.—A bag or net is so called, which hangs by the side

of a SPORTSMAN, suspended from a leathern belt passing round the neck

over his shoulder, for the purpose of receiving such GAME as he may be

able "_to bag_," or "bring to _net_."

FOWLING-PIECE—has been generally used to imply a GUN of _any_

description, so far as it was applicable to the purpose of killing GAME,

or, in fact, WILD FOWL of _any_ kind. It is, however, now more properly

applied to those of _five_ or _six_ feet in the _barrel_, principally

made use of for killing SEA and WATER FOWL, as _Wild_ or _Solan Geese_,

_Wild Ducks_, _Widgeon_, _Teal_, &c.

FOX.—The FOX is that well-known native animal of this country whose

instinctive _cunning_ has rendered it proverbial: they are common in

most parts of the kingdom, (as well as in Scotland,) but vary so much in

_size_, that a late writer has extended his description to three

different and _distinct_ kinds. He says, "There are three varieties of

fox with us, differing in form, but not in colour, except the _cur_ FOX,

whose tip of the tail is black: they are distinguished by the names of

the GREYHOUND FOX, which is the tallest and boldest, and is chiefly

found in the mountainous parts of England and Scotland, and will attack

a well-grown sheep. The MASTIFF FOX is less, but his limbs more strongly

formed. The CUR FOX is the least, the most common, and is the most

pernicious to GAME, approaches nearer to the habitations of mankind,

lurks about the out-houses of the FARMER, and destroys all the POULTRY

it can get at."

Without descending to a minute examination of this "VARIETY," which

probably may arise from the force of a too fertile imagination, or the

different _growth_ of FOXES in _different counties_, where the

_deficiency_ of food, or the _difficulty_ of _obtaining_ it, may

occasion as great and proportional a variation in the _size_ of the

ANIMAL, as may be observed with the HORSES of SCOTLAND and WALES, when

brought into competition with those produced in a more fertile part of

the kingdom; it must suffice to explain his natural history as of _one

species_ only.

The FOX, when _tamed_, and subject to nice inspection, is one of the

most beautifully formed animals in the creation; and when that _form_ is

critically surveyed, the _possibility_ of his persevering _speed_ before

such immense bodies of _fleet_ pursuers, for so great a length of time,

becomes matter of the greatest admiration. Foxes are in colour of a

yellowish red, or rather yellow brown, having on the forehead, the

shoulders, as far as the root of the tail, and the outside of the hind

legs, a tinge of dirty white or ash colour: the edges of the lips, the

cheeks, and the throat, are white; and a stripe of the same runs along

the under side of the legs: the breast and belly are a lightish grey:

the tips of the ears and feet (sportingly termed PADS) are black: the

tail (called BRUSH) reddish yellow, with a blackish hue upon the

surface; the tip itself pure white.

The fox in formation has great resemblance to the DOG, but with some

variations; his head is larger in proportion to his body; his ears are

shorter; his tail thicker, and the hair longer: he has a broad flat

forehead, narrowing to a picked nose; ears erect, and sharp at the

point; eyes small, and fiery in aspect, by which are easily observed

whether he is influenced by AFFECTION, ANGER, or FEAR. His sense of

smelling is so instinctively exquisite, that he can _wind_ either his

_prey_ or his enemy at a very considerable distance.

The sagacity of this animal, in the pursuit of his prey, as well as his

various modes of obtaining it, are almost beyond description: his

favourite objects are GAME of every kind, RABBITS, POULTRY without

exception, BIRDS, and the smaller quadrupeds. In extreme hunger he will

eat _mice_, _frogs_, _snails_, and _insects_: some kinds of fruits and

berries also are not refused. HONEY he is remarkably fond of; and, it is

said, will even attack the HIVES, and hazard the event of _a battle_,

rather than relinquish the chance of so luxurious and delicious a

repast. The same sagacity regulates all his proceedings in respect to

bodily safety: when laying above ground, it is generally in the most

sequestered and unfrequented places, and the most difficult of access;

when _at earth_, it is generally in the strong hold of hard ground,

exceedingly deep, of which some BADGER has been dispossessed, (by the

FOX'S cunning of depositing his excrement there,) or under the roots of

trees, by the diverse ramifications of which he is shielded from every

chance of extermination.

In his nocturnal depredations, he is in some degree _systematic_,

frequently selecting for his concealment those small grassy-bottomed

COVERTS near the small _hovels_ and _thatched cottages_ of the labouring

poor, where his lurking-place is the least suspected. Here, in his

recluse KENNEL, he enjoys the various cackling of the different kinds of

poultry, and exultingly anticipates the intentional devastation. When

unrestrained, and in a state of liberty, he seizes POULTRY with a

rapturous eagerness, and ravenous rapacity, absolutely incredible; his

joy in possession is demonstrated by the most inexpressible _twistings_

and _flirtings_ of the TAIL, with other wanton _gesticulations_,

indicative of the highest possible gratification. The first and most

pressing sensations of present _hunger_ being satisfied, he prudently

provides for the _uncertainty_ of the _future_: after the annihilation

(or safe deposit) of a _first_, he returns for the _second_; that safely

secured, either in a hole dug for its reception, and covered with earth,

or secreted in his _kennel_, he comes for _a third_, which is concealed

in a similar manner, but not in the same place, well knowing the

impolicy of placing _all_ his _treasure_ in ONE BANK, wisely

recollecting, that should BANKRUPTCY happen in _one place_, it can prove

no _bad maxim_ to have EFFECTS in another.

FORTUNE not always favoring him at the _same points_, he has his

ALTERNATIVES: as it is the _misfortune_ annexed to his very NATURE to

afford _sport_ to _others_, so, with all the retaliation in his power,

he frequently finds _sport_ for _himself_. To the helpless, inoffensive

LEVERETS, during the early part of the season, he frequently gives

chase, particularly on moon-light nights, with too much success. In this

pursuit he vents a sensation of pleasure, partaking more of a _yelping

whimper_ than a distinct _bark_: he seizes old HARES in their _forms_;

perseveringly digs _rabbits_ out of their _burrows_; is indefatigable in

the search after, and discovery of, PHEASANTS and PARTRIDGES upon their

_nests_, which he instantly destroys. The fatigue he undergoes by night

in quest of prey, occasions him to sleep _much_, and sometimes

exceedingly _sound_, by DAY: instances have been frequent of HOUNDS

drawing up to, and killing them _in kennel_, without _a drag_; as well

as of their being found sleeping in the sunny banks of hedge-rows, and

shot by FARMERS, (basking as they lay,) without being previously

disturbed.

The naturally rank and offensive smell of the FOX renders it a rich

_scent_ to HOUNDS, which they evidently evince when it _lays well_, and

they are running BREAST HIGH; at which time the _crows_, _magpies_, and

_jays_, (who consider him an invincible and cruel enemy,) give clamorous

proofs of his presence, by hovering over him with their screams of

exultation at his impending fate, so long as they can keep him _in

view_. They copulate (or go to _clicket_, as it is called) in the

winter, and produce cubs during the month of April, and the first week

in May: they have but one litter a year; an OLD VIXEN frequently

bringing from _six_ to _nine_ cubs; a VIXEN of the _first_ or _second_

year not so many. They are known to grow for eighteen months, and to

live, even in a _tame state_, for fourteen or fifteen years.

Doubts have arisen, and opposite opinions have been strenuously

supported, upon the question whether the FOX and DOG will generate an

OFFSPRING to which the _prolific_ powers shall continue in successive

perpetuity: this seems to be positively ascertained in the AFFIRMATIVE,

with one exception, which is, that the act of copulation will be

effected only by the DOG FOX with a _bitch_ of the CANINE SPECIES.

Instances of the extreme _cunning_, and innate _sagacity_, of FOXES,

when hunted, and in returning _twenty_ and _thirty_ miles to the coverts

where they have been first found, are upon record, and almost

innumerable. Their COURAGE, as well as the _strength_ of their _jaws_,

are beyond conception: they defend themselves to the last extremity; no

blows deter them from their hold: their bite is severe and dangerous, as

they make their teeth meet through a strong and thick hand. When caught

by the HOUNDS, they are silently resolute even in DEATH; for

revengefully _seizing_ upon the _first_ assailant, their hold is never

relinquished but with the last gasp.

FOX-HUNTING—has been for time immemorial a favourite sport with the

natives of this kingdom, particularly in the prime of life; the pleasing

exercise, and bodily exertion, contributing greatly to the PRESERVATION

of HEALTH; but the _fatigue_ and _danger_ render it but ill-adapted to

the AGED, the INFIRM, and the VALETUDINARIAN. The persevering speed and

fortitude of the GAME, the constantly improving high mettled excellence

of the HOUNDS, the invincible spirit of the HORSES, and the unrestrained

ardour of their RIDERS, have given it a decided superiority over every

other FIELD SPORT ever yet known to the people of this country. Its

salutary effect upon both the BODY and MIND, has established its

enjoyment upon a basis too broad ever to be shaken, even by time itself:

the superlative pleasure of every scene, the diversities of the

aggregate, and the extacy with which the whole is embraced by its

infinity of devotees, have reduced the sport to a system of perfection

never before known; and in this some of the most LEARNED, the most

EMINENT, and the most OPULENT characters are principally and personally

engaged in nearly _every county_, from one extremity of the kingdom to

the other.

FOX-HUNTING seems to be possessed of a _charm_, or magical inspiration,

within itself, that even the most serious, the most cynical, and the

most singular, cannot, with all the firmness of their resolves, summon

resolution to withstand. It is the very kind of rapturous gratification

to which every effort of the pen becomes inadequate in its attempts at

description; it must be _seen_ to be _understood_; it must be FELT to be

ENJOYED. A FOX-HUNTING ESTABLISHMENT consists, in general, of what it

has done for the last century past, at least with those PACKS most

celebrated for the EMINENCE and OPULENCE of their OWNERS. The principal

and second HUNTSMAN, the first and second WHIPPER-IN, three horses kept

for _each_ of the _first_, and two _each_ for _both_ the _last_; from

TWENTY-FIVE to THIRTY-FIVE couple of HOUNDS, _terriers_, _helpers_,

_earth-stoppers_, _dog-feeders_, and a long list of _et ceteras_, too

numerous for minute description. Those who wish to acquire a

_systematic_ knowledge of the SPORT, (so far as it can be obtained from

THEORY,) will do well to peruse attentively "MR. BECKFORD'S Thoughts

upon Hunting, in a Series of familiar LETTERS TO A FRIEND."—They are so

truly the effusions of sound judgment, and so replete with the useful

remarks of an experienced sportsman, that there is no room for any thing

NEW or ADDITIONAL to be introduced upon the subject.

FREE WARREN.—A FREE WARREN is a term totally distinct from FOREST,

CHACE, PARK, MANOR, or WARREN; it is a _franchise_ derived originally

from THE CROWN; and the person having a grant of free warren over

certain lands, possesses a SOLE RIGHT of _pursuing_, _taking_, and

_killing_ GAME of every kind within its limits; although there may be no

_one acre_ of land his _own property_ through the whole district where

he is possessed of this right. There are instances where a variety of

circumstances render manorial rights and privileges so complex, and

_seemingly_ indefinite, as to produce litigation without personal

enmity, but merely that the RIGHT shall be LEGALLY ascertained. It

appears that where MANOR LANDS are situate in, and surrounded by, a FREE

WARREN, the owner of such lands may _kill game_ within his _own_ manor,

but he cannot introduce even a qualified person to KILL GAME there

_also_, without the consent of the owner or possessor of the privilege

of FREE WARREN over the whole; if so, the person introduced _killing

game_, will be liable to an action for trespass, which action will lie.

A curious cause came on to be tried before a jury at the summer assizes

of the present year, 1802, held at ABINGDON, for the county of BERKS,

wherein JOHN WESTBROOK, Gent. of the parish of BRAY, (situate in Windsor

Forest,) was PLAINTIFF, and a Game-keeper of his Majesty's the

DEFENDANT. The action was brought to try the RIGHT of the DEFENDANT, as

one of his Majesty's keepers, to KILL GAME within the _enclosed grounds_

of the PLAINTIFF, situate in, and surrounded by, the _wastes_,

_commons_, and within the boundaries of the said FOREST. When, without

adverting to the LAWS relative to forests _only_, (with which the

question was totally unconnected,) the Court held it good, that THE

KING, possessing a FREE WARREN over the WHOLE, possessed likewise the

privilege of appointing a KEEPER to kill game upon _any_, and within

_every_, part of the said FREE WARREN, without the least exception as to

_enclosed lands_, the property of _others_; when the jury instantly

found for the DEFENDANT, by which the right is fully confirmed.

This being a question of _privilege_, tried on the part of an individual

against the prerogative of THE CROWN, it might be fairly considered

conclusive upon the subject of FREE WARREN; but as it cannot be too

clearly understood, for the prevention of ill neighbourhood, and

expensive litigation, another decision is subjoined, which took place

about the same time, though in a different county.

On the 12th of July, in the same year, a writ of inquiry was executed

before the Under Sheriff at Hertford, in an action wherein HENRY BROWNE,

of North Mimms, Esq. was PLAINTIFF, and THOMAS GREENWOOD, the Younger,

DEFENDANT. The action was brought for a trespass committed by the

DEFENDANT, in _shooting game_ within the FREE WARREN belonging to the

PLAINTIFF, who is LORD of the MANOR of North Mimms, and entitled to free

warren through the whole of the Manor. It appeared, that the land on

which the trespass was committed, and the _game killed_, by the

DEFENDANT, was _not, in point of fact_, the land of the PLAINTIFF, but,

on the contrary, belonged to JUSTINIAN CASAMAJOR, Esq. However, as it

was proved to be within the Manor of North Mimms, and the right of free

warren extending over the whole of the Manor, THE JURY, after

considering the circumstances of the case, and the defendant's conduct,

who persisted in shooting _after being warned to the contrary_, gave a

verdict of TEN POUNDS with costs.

FRET.—The disorder which (in the country) is called by this name, is the

FLATULENT CHOLIC, and occasioned from a retention of wind, and a

rarefaction of air in the intestinal canal. It is immediately

discoverable by the fulness and extreme tension of the carcase, the

agonizing pain of the horse, the rumbling of the confined air, the

partial and very trifling expulsions of wind, the laboured respiration,

frequent groaning, suddenly laying down, and as hastily rising, constant

looking back to the flank on one side or the other, as if soliciting

relief from those who surround him. The great and leading object is, to

promote a plentiful EXPULSION of WIND: this is in general followed by

excrementitious discharges, by which ease is obtained, and the disorder

near at an end. Warm, spicy, aromatic CARMINATIVES, blended with

ANODYNES, are the medicines best adapted to this species of CHOLIC, and

to which it speedily submits; more particularly if plenty of ASSISTANTS

are at hand to bestow the necessary portion of _flank rubbing_, (and

belly wisping,) to an unceasing perseverance in which, success is

_equally_ to be depended upon with the administration of MEDICINE; as in

most cases little is to be expected from one without collateral aid from

the other.

FROG,—in HORSES, is the centrical soft kind of horny substance at the

bottom of the foot, spreading wide from the heel, having a cleft in the

middle, and terminating in a point toward the toe. To the internal parts

the lower extremity of the TENDONS are attached, and the FROG is the

basis by which their _elasticity_ is supported, and from whence is

derived the _deceptive_ reasoning, that the FROG must indispensibly (in

action) _touch_ the _ground_. The frog is subject to a defect, called

the FRUSH, or THRUSH, and this, when become virulent, is termed _running

thrush_: it sometimes arises from internal heat, by standing too much

upon _foul hot litter_, (particularly in the livery stables of the

Metropolis,) as well as from a STAGNANT state of the FLUIDS in the

extremities, for want of _proper exercise_, leg rubbing, and keeping the

feet clean.

FROTH.—A HORSE displaying a profusion of FROTH when champing upon the

BIT, either in _action_ upon the _road_, or in the FIELD with HOUNDS,

may be considered a distinguishing, and almost invariable sign of both

good spirit and sound bottom; for a _dull jade_, or a HORSE of the

_sluggish cart breed_, is very rarely to be seen with this appearance.

It is also no inferior criterion of HEALTH, and may, in general, be

considered truly indicative of CONDITION: few, if any, horses of this

description _flag_ upon a journey, or _tire_ in the field.

FRUSH.—A disorder or defect in the centrical cleft of the FROG, at the

bottom of the foot, was formerly so called; but is now more generally

known under the denomination of THRUSH, which SEE.

FUMIGATION—is a most useful PROCESS in all cases where the DISEASES of

HORSES particularly affect the HEAD. In recent _colds_, obstinate

_coughs_, glandular _tumefactions_ under the _jaws_, STRANGLES,

INFLAMMATION of the LUNGS, low fevers, and even in dulness,

over-fatigue, or when a horse is off his appetite, and refuses food, it

is very frequently of perceptible utility. HORSES may be fumigated by

boiling ROSEMARY, LAVENDER, MARSHMALLOW LEAVES, and CAMMOMILE FLOWERS,

in a few quarts of water over the fire for a quarter of an hour, then

straining off the liquor, and strewing the _hot herbs_ from one end of

the manger to the other, fastening the horse's head up with the _rack

rein_, by which means he cannot evade the EFFLUVIA. In want of these, or

where they are difficult to obtain, a mash made of GROUND MALT, with

boiling water, is a very substantial and proper substitute, into which

stir two ounces of aniseed, and two ounces of carraway seeds, both

fresh, and previously beaten to powder in a mortar. This mash most

HORSES will afterwards EAT, when sufficiently _cold_ for the purpose;

which, with the effect of the _fumes_ upon the THROAT, the NOSTRILS, the

GLANDS, and the HEAD, in general will promote a discharge, and relieve

the subject.

FUNGUS—is the too-fast shooting granulations of new flesh during the

incarnation of WOUNDS, particularly in HORSES, with whom it is

invariably exuberant, and requires some degree of judgment in the

suppression: it is too frequently attempted by _Roman vitriol_,

_corrosive sublimate_, and other caustics; but they are only productive

of disappointment, in constituting _an eschar_ upon the surface, and

leaving the cure at a more remote and uncertain distance, than before

their application. Slight scarifications, both transverse and

longitudinal, with a LANCET or BISTORY, is a far preferable mode of

treatment, and that followed by a dressing of lint covered with proper

digestives.

FURNITURE HORSE.—In many parts of the United Kingdom, the SADDLE,

BRIDLE, CLOTHS, and every other part appertaining to the body of the

horse, passes under the denomination of _horse furniture_.