FEDERATION PIKE.
_Esox Tredecem Radiatus._--This fish, simply so called because it has no
name among fishermen and sportsmen, is almost unknown to naturalists.
Dr. De Kay doubts its existence, and it is described alone by Dr.
Mitchill. I take, therefore, much pleasure in adding my testimony, so
far as it goes, to its existence, although after all it may be merely a
northern or common pickerel so altered by a change of food and water as
not to be recognizable. There were a large number taken in the Little
Herring Pond, on Cape Cod near Agawam, and the secret of their existence
being kept for years, we had excellent sport before the natives found it
out, and with their spears and guns, fishing through the ice and killing
them on the spawning-beds put a termination to their existence. A few
may remain, and thus determine the question. “We caught large numbers,
taking them of ten pounds’ weight, and readily killing in a few hours a
hundred and twenty-five pounds. The fish were peculiarly beautiful in
appearance, so much so that I made a rough outline which is now before
me, and marked in the colors for the purpose of painting the picture of
one. I afterward found the undertaking difficult, on account of the
dissimilarities of the common pickerel, which I purchased in market and
endeavored to use as a guide. The water of this pond was clear as
crystal, and communicated with the ocean; it was alive with herring,
perch and other small fish, as thick as the gold leaf in a bottle of
_Eau de vie de Dantsic_, and may have had a great effect upon the
coloring and shape of the fish. At the time I was struck with their
appearance, and examined all the works on ichthyology at my command, but
could find no satisfactory description.
The head was that of the pickerel family; of the teeth and fin-rays I
remember nothing accurately; the back was dark brownish green, growing
greener on the sides, where it was interspersed with numerous lilac
spots or scales, and shading off, as it descended on the sides, into
light green with yellow scales; then into yellow with brilliant silvery
scales, terminated on the belly in the purest white. The dorsal fin and
tail were dark green, the anal burnt sienna, the ventral yellow, with, I
believe, the first ray red, and the pectoral yellow and reddish. The
back of the head was dark green, the gill-covers were partially covered
with scales, the iris was yellow shot with pearl; between the eye and
the nostril there was a spot of lighter green; the snout and tip of the
under jaw were dark green; adjoining on the under jaw was a warm lilac
color, becoming purplish as it advanced toward the gill-cover. The lower
part of the fore gill-cover was of a pearly tint, deepening into purple
as it ascended; the gill-rays were a beautiful warm light mother of
pearl, and behind them was a yellow tint. These colors were all
exquisitely brilliant, and bid defiance to my palette. The sides were
variegated with irregular broken horizontal black lines, extending
nearly to the tail, which was forked. Toward the belly these lines
disappeared; and the scales of the whole body were small and numerous.
The depth was unusually large in proportion to the length, made greater
probably by my drawing the outline round the fish as he lay on his side.
I took three outlines; but the best specimen weighed six pounds and a
half, and was twenty-four and a half inches long to the centre of the
tail, and twenty-three to the root, by five and a half deep, the head
having a length of seven and a half inches.
These fish were not only remarkably beautiful, but were excellent on the
table, and differed utterly in both particulars from all other pickerel.
They were taken in Summer among the water lilies, with the belly of a
yellow perch or a piece of themselves, and surrounded as they were by
the most delicious food, visible to our eyes in unlimited quantities,
were naturally dainty.
The above description accords wonderfully with that of Dr. Mitchill, and
there can be no doubt that the fish are identical, although I did not
count the fin-rays, which Dr. Mitchill gives at--
Br. 13; D. 13; P. 13; V. 9; A. 13; C. 21.