1; 29, 2, p. 53). The volunteer service was more attractive than the
regular because it was easier to get rank there and the discipline was
less severe; and something to offset this difference was needed.
9.20. Many of the volunteer regiments were in fact, owing to the
appreciation of a West Point education shown by some of the states,
commanded by trained men (Henry, Camp. Sketches, 127).
9.21. For numerous details on the subject of this paragraph see an
article by the author in _The Military Historian and Economist_, Jan.,
1917, p. 30, note 12.
9.22. The executive staff of the war dept. consisted of Bvt. Brig. Gen.
R. Jones, adj. gen.; Lieut. Col. George Talcott, head of the ordnance
bureau; Maj. Gen. T. S. Jesup, quartermaster gen.; Brig. Gen. N. Towson,
paymaster gen.; Dr. T. Lawson, surgeon gen.; Bvt. Brig. Gen. G. Gibson,
commissary gen. of subsistence; Col. J. G. Totten, chief engineer; Col.
J. J. Abert, chief topog. engineer (Ho. 143; 29, 1. Ho. 60; 30, 1 p.
547).
9.23. The following remark from J. D. McPherson (in "General Grant's
Political Myth"), who was close to Marcy in the war dept., seems worth
quoting: "His massive intellect, his calm wisdom, his uncalculating
integrity, the justness of all his purposes, the purity of his private
life, and the goodness of his heart inspired me with admiration and
reverence." Marcy loved books, too. Still he was, as Welles said, a
keen, wary and adroit politician, well taught by a wide experience
and fully acquainted with human nature of the sort with which he had
to deal. He had faltered at one juncture in his devotion to orthodox
Democratic principles, and probably felt that he could never regain the
position thus lost.
9.24. _Raising and forwarding Volunteers._ =60=Marcy to Giles, May 19,
1846. For the corresp. with govs., May 15-19, see =60=, =61=, =63=.
=63=Marcy to govs. of Ala., etc., June 5. =63=_Id._ to Wright, June 3.
=65=Gen. orders 15, Wash., May 29. Marcy, report, Dec. 5, in Sen. 1;
29, 2. =61=Memo., May 18. Polk (insists upon energy), Diary, May 19;
June 23-4; Sept. 22, 24. (Marcy) Poore, Perley's Remins., i, 333; Wise,
Seven Decades, 235. (Multitudes) =63=Marcy to govs., May 19. =354=Welles
papers. (Motives) Trans. Ills. State Hist. Soc., 1904, p. 283; 1905,
pp. 194-6; 1906, 174-5; Robertson, Remins., 59, 62-7; =146=Caswell,
diary, Jan. 26, 1847; Lyell, Second Visit, ii, 257; =139=Campbell to D.
C, Nov. 9, 1846; Carleton at mtg. of Mex. veterans; Prickett in Madison
_Record_, 1850; Jamieson, Campaign, 73, 78. (High) _Public Ledger_,
May 18, 1846. Quitman in _Cong. Globe_, 35, 1, p. 970. Lyell, Second
Visit, ii, 343-5. N. Y. _Herald_, June 20, 1846. (Song) N. Y. _Globe_,
June 1, 1846. Cameron in _Cong. Globe_, 29, 1, p. 826. =149=L'Hommedieu
to Chase, May 20, 1846. Wash. _Union_, May 27; June 12, 1846. Ohio
Arch. and Hist. Qtrly., 1912, p. 280. Ills. State Hist. Lib. Pubs.,
ix, 38. Ark. Hist. Commission, Bulletin no. 6, p. 181. Perry, Indiana,
4-13, 17. I. Smith, Remins., 5. =239=Kemper to daughter, May 30. St.
Louis weekly _Reveille_, May 10. Everett, Recolls., 194-9. McCormack,
Koerner, i, 495-7. Wallace, Autob., 114. Davis, Autob., 94-5. Iowa
adj. gen., Roster, vi, 788-9. Quisenberry, Taylor, 22. =216=Heiman,
Services. Ex-gov. Porter of Tenn. to the author. Memphis _Eagle_, May
15. _Niles_, June 13, p. 227; July 4, p. 288; July 18, p. 313. Scharf,
St. Louis, i, 362-8. =206=Graham, Message, Nov. 17. =14=Fair to Martin,
June 4. =14=Martin to Marcy, May 31. =61=Bullock to war dept., May
8. =14=Placard, May 7. =29=Brown to Duffield, May 11; to Marcy, June
3. Claiborne, Quitman, i, 223-4, 228. =63=Marcy to Brown, June 16.
=225=Cooke to Holt, May 17. (The drums) Poem by W. R. Benjamin, by
permission. Polk, Diary, May 26. =189=Evans, letter. =110=Barbour,
diary. Bishop, Journal, _passim_. For additional details see _The
Military Historian and Economist_, Jan., 1917, p. 32, note 14.
As was natural, many complications arose in preparing the regiments
for the field. The volunteers themselves, as a rule, did not know what
they needed nor even what they wanted. They were ignorant and helpless
regarding all military matters. Such officers as understood the business
were compelled to work almost night and day. Everything had to be
provided, and many of the things had to be made; and the men were
usually ahead of the supplies. Two Tennessee regiments were able to move
south about June 1, but it was not until about July 23 that the last
Illinois regiments advanced in that direction.
9.25. _To Brazos Island._ =300=Prickett, letter, July 30. Robertson,
Remins., June 11, 17, 23. =332=Tennery, diary, Aug. 13. Houstoun, Texas
(1845), 68, 91-2, 147, 255-6. Oswandel, Notes, 31, 38, 44-8. =190=Ewing,
diary, July 12, 19, 21. Perry, Indiana, 83. Everett, Recolls., 197-8.
=274=Neeld, letter. French, Two Wars, 33. =272=Memoir of Gen. Morgan.
=110=Barbour, diary, July 23. Bishop, Journal. =193=Foster to mother,
June 16.
"Brazos Island" is the name on the U. S. Coast Survey map. Gens. Butler,
Marshall, Quitman, Pillow and Shields left New Orleans on the steamer
_New York_, and arrived at the island Aug. 4 (Claiborne, Quitman,
i, 239). The strait between Brazos Id. and Padre Id. on the north
was called the Brazos de Santiago (Giddings, Sketches, 27). Gaines's
proceedings led to great expense, and embarrassed the government very
much. He kept on even after he knew of Taylor's victories, and the total
number called out by him perhaps exceeded 12,000. For most of these
forces there was no place under the law of May 13, and the government
did not regard them as necessary. A few who had actually left their
states were accepted for three months under a law of 1795; but the
requisitions were countermanded, Gaines was peremptorily ordered (May
28) to suspend his operations in this regard, was relieved of his
command, and was placed before a court of inquiry. His intentions were
unquestionably good, and hence the court recommended that no further
action should be taken. The best information on this subject is given
in the record of the court (=68=judge advocate general's office) and in
=65=gen. orders no. 39, Washington, Aug. 20, 1846, which presents the
facts, the conclusions of the court, and the remarks of the President
thereon. See also Polk, Diary, June 5, 20; Aug. 15. =63=Marcy to govs.,
June 5, 1846. =69=_Id._ to Gaines, May 28. Ho. 60; 30, 1, p. 308. Docs.
in Sen. 378; 29, 1, pp. 50-81. Gaines to Marcy, June 7: Sen. 402; 29, 1.
Sen. 415; 29, 1. =65=Gen. orders (Wash.) 16, 23. =63=Marcy to Taylor,
May 23. Wash. _Union_, June 9. Sen. proceeds., June 24. Gaines was
succeeded by General Brooke. The headquarters of this military dept.
were at New Orleans.
9.26. Scott, a Whig, testified that Polk was "in great alarm" (Coleman,
Crittenden, i, 244). =256=Marcy privately called the state of things
"adverse" (to Wetmore). Holmes of South Carolina said the administration
was prostrated (=210=to Hammond, May 10). Charleston _Mercury_, May 19:
At the first symptom of actual fighting our government is taken all
aback. Had Polk sent Taylor to the Rio Grande to bring on a war, he
would have been rejoicing.
9.27. Polk, whose principal interview with Scott occurred on May 14, did
not at that time believe that 20,000 volunteers would be needed (Diary).
9.28. Scott's information about the region was derived from Anthony
Butler, formerly our minister to Mexico, and Gen. J. T. Mason (Scott
in Sen. 378; 29, 1, p. 11), both of whom had been on the ground, and
it led him to think the inactive season somewhat longer than it really
was. Although Taylor with competent engineers had been for about seven
months, while at Corpus Christi, in touch with a stream of traders
and other persons from Matamoros, and might have sent out spies and
reconnoitring parties, and had been on the river nearly two months,
he does not seem to have supplied, despite urgent requests from the
war dept. (_e.g._ Ho. 60; 30, 1, pp. 87, 88, 90, 91, 92), any adequate
ideas about conducting a campaign in that quarter or even to have formed
any for himself. Marcy, May 28, 1846 (_ibid._, 282), said, "I wish to
be favored with your views as to what should be the future operations
of the army on the Rio Grande." In submitting such views the General
would have had to present information regarding topographical and other
conditions, about which he seems to have left the government in the dark.
9.29. One should not be in haste to condemn the administration and the
Democratic politicians, for ours is a party system and Scott was in
politics. He should have realized that, standing at the head of the
army, he was bound to serve the country as a whole, and should have
refrained from seeking party honors that evidently might (as they now
did) interfere with the fulfilment of that prime duty.
9.30. _The question of general-in-chief._ (It is believed that later
events render a somewhat full treatment of this topic desirable.)
=191=Fairfield to wife, Apr. 14. Stanwood, Presidency, 195. (Politics)
=13=Pakenham, no. 74, June 13. =253=Peters to McLean, June 26.
Gaines, Sept. 10, 1845 in Sen. 378; 29, 1, p. 38. _So. Advocate_,
Apr. 3 (Sanderson). Gaines, June 7 in Sen. 402; 29, 1. (Scott's
personality) Scott, Mems., _passim_; F. Lee, Lee, 49; =354=Welles
papers; =252=Mackall, Dec. 29, 1847; _Mag. of Amer. Hist._, xiv, 562
(Scammon, one of Scott's aides, here says that he never knew a man of
the world less given to vanity than Scott); Mass. Hist. Soc. Proceeds.,
1st ser., ix, 234-9; Sedgwick, Corresp., i, 182; Corwin to Follett,
Mar. 13, 1845, in Ohio Hist. and Phil. Soc. Publics., July-Sept., 1914;
Semmes, Service, 280-1; Grant, Mems., i, 41, 139; Grone, Briefe, 80;
Keyes, Fifty Years, 1-82; =335=Trist on Scott. Sen. 378; 29, 1, pp.
2-4. Richardson, Messages, iv, 448. Wash. _Union_, May 18. Scott-Marcy
correspondence in Sen. 378; 29, 1, pp. 4-18; and in =256=. =60=Scott,
memoranda for gen. staff. Coleman, Crittenden, i, 243-4. Polk, Diary,
Mar. 28; May 13, 14, 19, 21-3, 25-6, 1846; Apr. 1, 1847. _Niles_, June
6, 1846, p. 214. _Nat. Intelligencer_, Aug. 29. Grant, Mems., i, 119. N.
Orl. _Commerc. Bulletin_, June 18. Watson, Taylor, 121. Boston _Atlas_,
June 12. N. Y. _Herald_, June 13. Welles papers. N. Orl. _Picayune_,
June 17. =253=Reed to McLean, Oct. 26. Boston _Courier_, June 15.
=139=W. B. Campbell to D. C., July 3, 1846. =256=Marcy to Wetmore, April
22, 1847.
La Bruyère said, "There is in some men a certain mediocrity of mind that
helps to make them wise." This was not at all true of Scott. It was
characteristic of him that he blamed Marcy for only a want of candor and
nerve, regarding him as merely the instrument of the party (Coleman,
Crittenden, i, 244-6).
Rives (U. S. and Mexico, ii, 204) remarks that the private note of
Scott (addressed to Senator Archer) "was enough to rouse the meekest
of Presidents." But (1) the note charged only what was charged
commonly--that the administration was making its appointments in a
partisan, political way; (2) it was private; and (3) Scott had a
legitimate reason for writing it--to explain why he did not intend to
recommend men for commissions, as Archer probably expected him to do.
In taking cognizance of a private note Polk acted as an eavesdropper,
and he should have recalled the saying, "Eavesdroppers never hear
anything good of themselves." Rives says also (ii, 413) that "for more
than fourteen months before war was actually declared it was evident to
every observer that war was highly probable, but Scott made no plans,
collected no information, and did nothing to prepare for the coming
strain upon the head-quarters organization of the army." But (1) war
was not deemed highly probable, as Rives states, by the President, the
Cabinet, Congress, Wall Street, Taylor or competent observers in general
(see p. 133, etc.); (2) it is a rather bold assertion that Scott "did
nothing to prepare," etc., and the present author, who intended to
examine every war dept. paper relating to the subject, saw no proof of
it; (3) as Rives states (ii, 582), the army had no intelligence bureau,
and Scott possessed no authority to establish one; (4) to collect
reliable data regarding Mexico and our frontier even informally would
have cost a great deal, and the government was so economical that it
would not provide even a pontoon train that was asked for (see p. 177);
(5) before Jan. 13, 1846, Scott had studied the frontier and planned
for Taylor's advance to the Rio Grande (p. 153); (6) May 14 he was
ready with plans so elaborate and far-reaching that Polk thought him
"scientific and visionary," and the next day he issued orders to the
chiefs of the general staff (p. 199). Such plans and orders implied
knowledge.
9.31. May 30, Taylor was brevetted major general and assigned to duty
with that rank (Ho. 119; 29, 2, p. 12. Also Ho. 60; 30, 1, p. 283).
9.32. Anti-slavery theorizers represented (see Lalor, Cyclopædia,
iii, 1091) that Polk brought the Oregon issue to the verge of war so
that Mexico should dare--with the expectation of having England for
an ally--to fight us, and when hostilities had begun, made peace with
England at a sacrifice of our claim; but this view has little or nothing
except its ingenuity for support, and has a great number of facts
against it.
9.33. _The Oregon affair._ =206=J. Graham to Gov. G., Jan. 4, 1846. Dr.
Bacon: "The ascendancy of the West is a fact" (_New Englander_, v, 319).
(Cass) =1=---- to Allen, Sept. 1, 1846. =210=Hammond, diary, Feb. 19.
Jameson, Calhoun Corresp., 653, 697-8. Polk, Diary, Oct. 21-3, 1845;
Feb. 24-5; Apr. 18; June 3, 1846. Lodge, Webster, 260. =256=Marcy to
Wetmore, Apr. 30, 1845. Johnson, Douglas, 105. (Cabinet) =354=Welles
papers. A. Smith, Remins., 41. Garrison, Extension, 170. _Polit. Sci.
Qtrly._, xxvi, 443-61 (Schuyler). _Amer. Hist. Rev._, xvi, 298-9
(Schafer). Reeves, Amer. Diplom., 243-64. London _Times_, Jan. 26, 1846.
Hume in Ho. Commons, Jan. 23.
9.34. For Santa Anna's banishment see vol. i, p. 53. In May it was
believed at Mexico that Santa Anna's return would mean peace (=56=W. S.
Parrott, June 4, 9); and as late as July 31 and August 12 =166=Pommarès,
a secret agent of Conner at Vera Cruz, said that such was the prevalent
opinion there.
9.35. Atocha, Statement. _Nat. Intelligencer_, June 10, 1845.
=13=Bankhead, no. 41, 1846. =73=Bermúdez de Castro, no. 444, res., 1847.
_Monitor Repub._, Feb. 16, 1847.
9.36. Apparently Conner was to obey this order or not as the
circumstances of the moment should render expedient. Consul Campbell of
Havana was directed in June to write often to Conner and express his
opinion on the propriety of allowing Santa Anna to enter Mexico (=166=to
Conner, July 9); at the time Santa Anna sailed for Vera Cruz Campbell
wrote (=166=Aug. 7) to Conner arguing that he should be permitted to
land; and Conner, in a =162=letter to his wife (Aug. 19), explained why
he had thought it best to let him pass. The _Journal des Débats_ (Oct.
6, 1846) believed that the American government had reason to count upon
Santa Anna's intentions though not upon his word; this was no doubt
Polk's view. Those who, in the usual fashion, have charged that Polk's
Message of Dec. 8, 1846, lied about his relations with Santa Anna have
failed to observe that it referred exclusively to the events preceding
the order of May 13 to Conner (Richardson, iv, 491-2). Before Mackenzie
was sent to Havana stronger and more definite information to the effect
that Santa Anna was likely to regain power was received--particularly
from Consul Black (Sen. 1; 29, 2, p. 34).
9.37. The United States appears (Consul Campbell, May 25, 1846) to
have sent an earlier agent, who passed at Havana by the name of Brown,
and was commonly said there to have brought proposals to Santa Anna.
Mackenzie's ostensible mission--real enough, too, probably--was to
ascertain whether privateers had been commissioned in Cuba (Polk, Diary,
Jan. 8, 1848). He spoke Spanish fluently. Santa Anna took care to put
out an explanation of Mackenzie's visit.
9.38. _The negotiation with Santa Anna._ Polk, Message, Dec. 8
(Richardson, iv. 492). London _Times_, Oct. 6, 1845; Jan. 31; July
6, 1846. Semmes, Service, 117-8. =52=Dimond, nos. 324-6, 329, 1846.
=52=Campbell, June 9, 1846; April 9, 1847. =166=Campbell to Conner,
May 10. Von Holst, U. S., iii, 282-3. =52=Slidell, Mar. 18; April
2. =166=Dimond to Conner, Sept. 14, 1845. =166=Pommarès to Conner,
July 2; Aug. 12. Chase, Polk Admin., 163. _Monitor Repub._, Feb. 20,
1846. Wash. _Union_, June 21, 1847. _Scribner's Monthly_, xvii, 299.
_Constitutionnel_, Sept. 20, 1846. =73=Bermúdez de Castro, no. 441,
1847. Polk, Diary, Feb. 13, 14, 16, 1846; Jan. 8, 1848. _Id._ to Ho.
Repres., Jan. 12, 1848 (Richardson). =46=Bancroft to Conner, May 13,
1846. =297=Mackenzie to Buchanan, July 7, 11; Aug. 15, 1846. =335=_Id._
to Trist, Jan. 2; June 8; Aug. 17, 1846. _Courrier des Etats Unis_, Aug.
11, 1846. (Conspicuous) Benton, View, ii, 680. _Journ. Milit. Serv.
Instit._, xli, 105. Meade, Letters, i, 116.
Polk stated in his diary, Jan. 8, 1848, that Mackenzie "wholly exceeded
his authority" by writing out his recollection of the conversation
with Polk and giving this to S. Anna as a message from the President.
Mackenzie's report reached Washington Aug. 3, and was immediately
followed up by Polk with a request for two million dollars to facilitate
a settlement with Mexico (chap, xxvii).
X. THE LEADERS ADVANCE
10.1. Comanches were making raids near Reynosa (=69=Worth to Bliss,
July 28), and the freebooter and cut-throat, Canales, was living on the
country not far away with a band that he said consisted of more than 600
mounted men (June 16).
10.2. Taylor to daughter, June 9, in _Autograph_, July-Aug., 1912. _Nat.
Intelligencer_, Sept. 16, 1848. =76=Berlandier to Mejía, June 9, 1846.
(Reynosa) Ho. 60; 30, 1, pp. 299, 305, 306, 397, 522-3, 550; Henry,
Camp. Sketches, 117; =76=Mejía, June 20; Smith, To Mexico, 57; Henshaw
narrative; Meade, Letters, i, 98; =76=Spanish consul, Matamoros, June
7, 1846; =76=Canales, May 20; June 4, 7, 16, 1846. (McCulloch) Reid,
Scouting Expeds., 43; _Picayune_, June 24; Aug. 15; Ho. 60; 30, 1, p.
551. =139=Campbell to D. C, July 3; Aug. 9. =224=Larnard to Hitchcock,
June 13. Weed, Autobiog., 573. Taylor, Letters (Bixby), 4, 6-10, 13-15,
17-20, 31. =370=_Id._ to ----, June 18 (draft): The war dept. has
been "mean and contemptable to the last degree." =375=_Id._ to E. G.
W. Butler, July 1: Madigan, catalogue no. 2, 1914. (Disliked) Meade,
Letters, i, 103. Scott, May 18 in Sen. 378; 29, 1, p. 17. This letter
was acknowledged by Taylor July 2 (Ho. 60; 30, 1, p. 329). He wrote
the substance of it to Dr. Wood on June 12 (Bixby). By May 28 U. S.
newspapers stating that 30,000 volunteers were coming reached the Rio
Grande (Meade, Letters, i, 95). "Licking" so many volunteers into shape
involved an immense amount of work, but Taylor did not have to do this
personally.
10.3. The laws recognized only the regulars, the militia (who could
be required to serve but three months: Ho. 60; 30, 1, p. 282) and the
twelve-months volunteers. The six-months men, therefore, had to join
one of the other classes or be discharged. Marcy enforced this plain
legal requirement and was roundly abused for so doing. For the case of
the Louisiana men see Ho. 60; 30, 1, pp. 307, 309, 311, 315-20; Taylor,
Letters (Bixby), 176-7; _La. Courier_, Aug. 6; gen. orders 61 (_Niles_,
Aug. 15); N. Orl. _Bee_, Aug. 3. For the St. Louis men see Scharf, St.
Louis, i, 377.
One has to be extremely careful here about making assertions regarding
dates and numbers. Affairs were in such confusion that even headquarters
would seem to have been to a considerable extent in the dark. Marcy,
June 8, did not know how many troops Taylor had (Ho. 60; 30, 1, p. 323),
and the statements that one finds are nearly always wanting in precision
or completeness. The facts given in the text are believed, however, to
be adequate for the history of the operations. One may refer also to:
Taylor, Letters (Bixby), 13; Matamoros _News_, July 8; =76=Parrodi, July
8; Hamer in Wash. _Union_, Aug. 18; and Ho. 60; 30, 1, p. 547.
The facts about the Texan troops are particularly confused, but it is
plain that while unexpectedly late--none arriving until on or about
June 10--a regiment of foot, under Albert Sydney Johnston, and two
regiments of horse finally appeared in response to Taylor's call for
four regiments. Henderson, who commanded these men, claimed the rank of
a major general, and--apparently because mounted men were particularly
needed--his claim was allowed. See Ho. 60; 30, 1, pp. 299, 307, 321-2;
Henry, Camp. Sketches, 118; Rose, McCulloch, 69; Henshaw narrative;
Johnston, Johnston, 133; Meade, Letters, i, 104. Scott (Ho. 60; 30, 1,
p. 325) supposed that Taylor would receive about 16,280 twelve-months
volunteers and enough recruits for the regular regiments to make his
aggregate 23,070, besides the three-months and six-months men who would
engage for a longer term. June 14 Meade (Letters, i, 105) thought
Taylor had 10,000 men. By July 30 substantially all the twelve-months
foot intended for Taylor, except those from Illinois and Missouri, had
arrived (Ho. 60; 30, 1, p. 401).
10.4. Meade, Letters, i, 114-5. =224=Bliss to Hitchcock, June 7.
Robertson, Remins., 76. =139=Campbell to D. C, July 3. =308=Shields to
R. J. Walker, Aug. 3. Ho. 60; 30, 1, pp. 301, 305, 307, 315, 320-1,
329, 550 (Taylor). Taylor, Letters (Bixby), 176-7. Marcy, report, Dec.
5, 1846 in Sen. 1; 29, 2, p. 46. Nearly 1000 Louisiana vols. arrived at
Brazos Id. or Pt. Isabel on May 13 (Conner in Ho. 1; 30, 2, p. 1162).
10.5. Later (Sen. 1; 30, 1, p. 546) Boca Chica was bridged.
10.6. Camp Lomita, a hill of about eight acres in extent, was five miles
by water above Burrita; and above that lay Camp Patterson. Camp Palo
Alto was on elevated ground near what was called Arista's Crossing.
There was also a Camp Lane. Few troops were quartered at Matamoros. It
is hard to understand why the well-behaved regulars were not permitted
to occupy the many vacant houses there (_Picayune_, July 9, 14, 1846).
This town, which looked attractive from the opposite side of the Rio
Grande, dated from 1820. It had prospered for a time, but had been
greatly injured by a hurricane in 1844, and was now falling to pieces
(Meade, Letters, i, 86; "Matamoros" in Diccionario Univ.; =60=Irons,
April 20; _República de Rio Grande_, June 27; Robertson, Remins., 104-6;
=217=Henshaw papers; London _Times_, Oct. 16, 1844; Smith, Remins.,
34-5).
10.7. _The camps and soldier life._ _Picayune_, Apr. 7; May 30; June 14,
24; July 9, 26. Perry, Indiana, 84-5, 87, 97, 100-2. Ho. 60; 30, 1, p.
697 (Thomas). Brackett, Lane's Brigade, 18, 22, 33. Robertson, Remins.,
76-97. Giddings, Sketches, 27, 36-40. =254=McClellan to sister, Oct. 8.
=274=Neeld, letter. =139=Campbell to D. C, July 11, 19, 29, 31; Aug. 9.
=280=Nunelee, diary, July 5; Dec. 10. Meade, Letters, i, 59 (nine feet
of water on Brazos bar; six feet to Pt. Isabel). =218=Henshaw narrative.
Ho. 60; 30, 1, p. 571 (Jesup). =332=Tennery, diary, Aug. 12; Sept. 18.
=190=Ewing, diary, July 21-Aug. 17. Wash. _Union_, June 10; Aug. 3, 18;
Sept. 1 (letters). =322=W. B. Smith, diary. Special orders 71 in Ho. 60;
30, 1, p. 528. Reid, Scouting Expeditions, 20. I. Smith, Remins., 9, 25,
34. Matamoros _News_, July 8. =69=Shields, Aug. 28. _Niles_, July 4, p.
288; Sept. 12, pp. 21, 22. (Funds) Ho. 60; 30, 1, pp. 560-1. Taylor,
Letters (Bixby), 176. =61=Carlin to Polk, May 19. Henry, Sketches, 121.
_Nat. Intelligencer_, Aug. 3. Sedgwick, Corresp., i, 4. =69=Miller to
sister. =291=C. Cushing to Pierce, May 4, 1847. Bishop, Journal. Allen,
Pencillings, 25.
10.8. In the N. Y. _Sun_ of Dec. 12, 1915, Major William Wallace showed
why time is needed to make a soldier.
10.9. Hamer was, however, a man of strength and sound judgment, and for
this reason proved very useful to the volunteers.