PAPER WORK FOR INFANTS
=Materials.= White paper of any kind that is not too thick and bends
easily, _e.g._ cartridge paper, plain white foolscap, pages from
exercise books. Pieces of coloured paper are introduced into some of
the toys. It is better, however, to encourage the children to colour
the white paper with chalks. One must remember, however, children's
delight in coloured paper and let them have it sometimes. A wall-paper
sample book will provide coloured paper, and gummed coloured squares are
supplied to most schools. These gummed squares are really too thin for
effective toy-making, and there is the temptation to the child to lick
them when making models from them.
=Adhesives.= In many cases the toys can be fastened together by means
of paper-fasteners. Where this is not possible the following adhesives
are recommended. (1) Gloy--this is clean and fastens the paper fairly
securely. (2) Higgins' Vegetable Glue. This has one great advantage
over Gloy: it cannot be spilt. A little of it can be put on a piece of
paper for each child; this is a great convenience in a large class. (3)
Home-made paste of flour and water; this is very clean and wholesome.
PAPER TOYS FROM THE SQUARE
The following toys should be made as _large_ as possible, never from a
square of less than 4 inches each side. The larger the toy the thicker
the paper that can be used and the stronger it is. In the following
diagrams, lines to be cut are drawn, lines to be folded are dotted,
parts to be cut off are shaded.
As soon as possible the child should be shown how to make a large brown
paper envelope to keep his work in.
Model 1. =The Rabbit Hutch.= Fold paper into 16 squares as in Fig. 6.
Cut lines indicated. Draw bars in square A, or fold along T S (Fig. 7)
and cut out the bars; the door is drawn and cut in square =B=. Colour
the whole yellow or brown to represent wood. Gum L over M; N over M; O
over N. The same on the other side. A small paper-fastener makes a good
handle. Rabbits and carrots can be cut out of paper to furnish the hutch
(Fig. 7).
[Illustration: FIG. 6]
From a similar square folded into sixteen squares a =Railway Carriage=
can be made. In this case the door is cut in the middle of C D (Fig.
8). Windows and panels are drawn on the paper. A roll of paper is put
on top for the light, or a small piece of cork can be used. The wheels
are drawn by means of halfpennies, then folded in half; one half is
pasted under the carriage, the other appears as in Fig. 8. Three or four
carriages can be made and fastened by strips of paper.
[Illustration: FIG. 7]
Children delight in chalking the blinds of their carriages in various
colours and labelling them 1st, 2nd, or 3rd Class. The top of the
carriage should be darkened with pencil or chalk, or a piece of black
paper pasted over it.
[Illustration: FIG. 8]
=A Luggage Van or Cattle Truck= (Fig. 9) can be made from a square of
the same size by cutting off oblong E F (Fig. 6) and gumming L over N
and M over L.
The =Basket= (Fig. 10) is a simple model. One quarter of the square is
cut off to form a handle. Cut remaining portion as in Fig. 11, double
over corners _a_, _b_, _c_, _d_, paste corner _d_ over D, _c_ over C,
_b_ over B, _a_ over A.
[Illustration: FIG. 9]
[Illustration: FIG. 10]
The basket should be coloured with yellow chalk to represent straw; the
handle is fastened on with paper-fasteners.
[Illustration: FIG. 11]
Paper fruit, apples and oranges, can be cut out to go in the basket.
=A Wardrobe.= Fold square into sixteen parts and cut as in Fig. 12. Gum
A over C and B over A. Repeat with D E F. Gum a piece of silver paper
on the door for a mirror; square H, with its corners cut off, forms
ornament on top (Fig. 13). A match is gummed inside, on which clothes
are hung. The children can either draw these and cut them out, or cut
them out from old fashion plates.
[Illustration: FIG. 12]
[Illustration: FIG. 13]
[Illustration: FIG. 14]
=An Oak Chest.= Make exactly as for wardrobe, but stand on the long
side. Draw panels and colour light brown (Fig. 14). By cutting off the
lid and making a handle from it a basket can be made. The children
themselves may be able to suggest some of these articles and should be
encouraged to.
=A Sedan Chair= can be made in the same way as the wardrobe (see Fig.
12). Loops of paper are gummed on at A and B (Fig. 15), through which
the shafts pass; a window can be cut by folding the door C D G H in half
along K L. A piece of coloured paper can be gummed inside the window for
a blind; some sort of ornament can be gummed at the top along C D and E
F. Panels, etc., can be drawn.
[Illustration: FIG. 15]
=A Market Basket= (Fig. 16). Fold square as for wardrobe (Fig. 12), cut
off the quarter K L M H. Gum A to B and C to A--the same with D E F. To
make lids, halve the quarter K L M H. Gum K to A (outside) and L forms
one lid; gum H to D and M forms the other lid. Paper-fasteners may be
put in each lid for handles. The handle of basket must be made from
another strip of paper. The basket should be suitably coloured before
being gummed together.
[Illustration: FIG. 16]
=A Cradle= (Fig. 17). Begin with a square (each side four times the
diameter of a penny). Fold and gum together as for basket. Cut two
round discs of stiff paper the size of a penny. Fold these in half. Gum
one half of each disc on to bottom of cradle; the other half forms the
rocker. These halves must be made less round by being cut as in Fig. 18,
so that the cradle will rock. By means of the penny portions A and B can
be cut to form top and bottom of cradle, a strip of paper C D E can be
gummed across one end (round A) to form a hood (Fig. 17).
[Illustration: FIG. 17]
[Illustration: FIG. 18]
[Illustration: FIG. 19]
[Illustration: FIG. 20]
=A Settee.= Fold a square as for wardrobe (Fig. 12), cut off one
quarter, K L M H. Gum A to B, D to E for arms. Cut arms as in Fig. 20.
For back legs of settee use portion K L M H; gum K to F and H to C
(Fig. 19). To strengthen the settee gum a piece of paper over N O and
M L. Coloured paper can be pasted on back, sides and seat as shown in
drawing. The legs may either be cut out or simply drawn on the paper as
in illustration (Fig. 20). The settee will prove a really strong piece
of doll's furniture. The children should be allowed to furnish a doll's
house with the various articles described in this book. When they have
had some practice in making them each child can be allowed to make one
piece of furniture for a school doll's house.
[Illustration: FIG. 21]
[Illustration: FIG. 22]
=Table.= Top of table is a square of white cartridge paper. Make the
legs from a double square, each square the same size as top of table.
Fold and cut the double square as in Fig. 21. Bend flaps A B C D
carefully along _a b_. Gum A to B, C to B, D to A to form legs. Gum
square top on to A B C D. A square of coloured paper can be gummed on to
top of table as in drawing (Fig. 22). Leg E can be gummed to F by means
of a paper hinge, or a flange may be provided, as in Fig. 1.
[Illustration: FIG. 23]
[Illustration: FIG. 24]
To make a =Chair= to go with the table. Take a double square the same
size as that used for legs of table. Fold into eight as in Fig. 24. Cut
in half along _a b_. Squares A, B, C form front legs, seat and back of
chair respectively. Square F is gummed to B, so that E forms back legs.
The chair must be strengthened by gumming H to C and G to E. Coloured
squares can be gummed to seat and back; the rest of the chair can be
chalked to represent wood (Fig. 23). A dining-room suite may be made in
this way.
=Side-board.= Begin with two equal squares. Cut and fasten one square
together as for rabbit hutch (Fig. 6), but cut two doors. One quarter of
the second square must be cut and gummed on to back to form a mirrored
top (Fig. 25). A piece of silver paper may be gummed on to back for a
mirror. From the rest of the second square plates and dishes can be cut
and coloured to go on top and inside sideboard.
[Illustration: FIG. 25]
[Illustration: FIG. 26]
[Illustration: FIG. 27]
=An Arm-chair.= Begin with square folded into sixteen parts (Fig. 26),
cut off one quarter D H N S, again cut off one quarter O P R. Cut
remaining square as in diagram. Gum E to A and G to C. Cut these squares
to form arms. Gum O to K and R to M to form back legs and sides. To
strengthen chair cut off N from D H. Gum H to P and D to B. The corners
of B are rounded. Coloured paper can be pasted over the arms and in the
middle of back, seat and sides (Fig. 27). Legs can be chalked on P, L, K
and M, or cut out as shown in the figure. If preferred the arms are not
folded over but cut round. This arm-chair is a strong one and will hold
a heavy doll.
[Illustration: FIG. 28]
[Illustration: FIG. 29]
=A Bed.= Fold a double square as in Fig. 28. Cut portions indicated. Gum
A B C D to E F G H, the same the other side. Bend up M and N to form
head and foot of bed. These can be cut any shape, or simply be coloured
to represent beams. Legs can be drawn on or cut out of sides F H K L and
B O D P (Fig. 29).
[Illustration: FIG. 30]
[Illustration: FIG. 31]
[Illustration: FIG. 32]
=A Coal Scuttle.= Begin with a 4-inch square, fold into sixteen parts,
cut off a quarter, cut off a quarter again; cut remaining portion as in
Fig. 30. Gum A over B, C over B. For the stand take the smallest quarter
(Fig. 32), fold and cut as in diagram. Gum A to bottom of coal scuttle,
B and C form the supports; a handle can be cut and gummed on as in Fig.
31.
The children can cut a shovel out of paper to slip in a little paper
band at the back (Fig. 31). The coal scuttle should be coloured black,
with yellow to represent brass.
[Illustration: FIG. 33]
[Illustration: FIG. 34]
=A Drawing-room Cabinet.= Fold and cut square as in Fig. 33. Gum B over
A, C over D. Bend E and K down and cut corners off to form shelves as
in Fig. 34. G H can be cut round, or in any way to make suitable top
for cabinet. Silver paper can be pasted on where desired for mirrors,
doors cut or drawn, etc. From Fig. 33 the children will be able to make
a number of simple and effective articles of doll's furniture--namely,
doll's dresser, oak settee for hall, dressing-table, wash-stand,
writing-case. These the children must be allowed to suggest and think
out themselves.
[Illustration: FIG. 35]
=A Shop or Stall.= This will hold together without the use of gum. Fold
and cut as in Fig. 35. Fold together so that square E N G M covers
square G M K T; the same the other side. Bend back C S G Q along S Q to
form side (Fig. 36); the same the other side. Fold B F D H along F H for
roof, fold B V D W down as in Fig. 36; this portion should have name of
shop written on it. Fold A B F C along R S, so that A C coincides with
B F. Fold down R B X V so that top of C S G Q lies between R B X V and
A R X Z; the same the other side; this folding keeps the shop together.
Gum can be used if greater strength is desired. From paper the children
can cut materials to furnish their stall. From a similar square a piano
can be made as in Fig. 37. A piece of paper must be gummed to V B W D to
close up the hollow; the sides S C G Q must not be bent back but cut as
in Fig. 37 to represent the sides of a piano.
[Illustration: FIG. 36]
[Illustration: FIG. 37]
[Illustration: FIG. 38]
=Some Simple Tents.= A good imitation of an "A" tent can be made by
little ones from a square. Several of these make an excellent encampment
for toy soldiers. Fold and cut square as in Fig. 38. To fasten it
together paste square 1 to square 2; this forms the back of the tent;
edges P O, K L, etc., rest along the ground. Corners L and M must be
bent back to form the entrance. Pieces of cotton are fastened along F M
and F L for straps for lacing up the entrance (see Fig. 39).
[Illustration: FIG. 39]
[Illustration: FIG. 40]
Fig. 40 shows a drawing of a real "A" tent spread out flat upon the
ground. It is made of strips of canvas, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12 sewn together. Children can imitate this in paper.
[Illustration: FIG. 41]
=A Triangular Tent.= This is very simple. Fold and cut as in Fig. 41.
Paste A E B over E B D. Cut door at F.