Jacquard machines having this construction are generally employed in
the manufacture of ingrain carpets.
[Illustration: Fig. CV.]
Fig. CV. represents the sectional cut of one row of needles across
the machine; also the necessary boards for guiding and operating the
tail-cords. This machine consists of two divisions (I. and II.,) which
are worked alternately for the common 2-ply ingrain carpet.
_A_, represents the top board, to which the tail-cords are fastened
around a wire by knot shown below the boards. Each board is 6-1/4 by
3/4 inches, with a distance of 1-1/4 inches between them.
_B_, represents the “Lifter-boards” (trap-boards) which are shown in
top view in the special article devoted to the manufacture of ingrain
carpets. (Fig. CIX., p. 74.) Its dimensions are 6-1/4 inches by 1 inch.
Distance from top-boards to lifter-boards, 9-1/4 inches. _C_ to _D_,
needle-board. Arrow, _S_, the direction of working the cylinder towards
the needles. _F_ to _G_, the needle-box with its pin for holding the
needles in position. Each needle is connected to two tail-cords, as
indicated in the drawing, one for figure and one for ground. _H_ and
_L_ are the two guide-boards for the tail-cords. Distance from _B_ to
_H_, 7-1/4 inches, from _H_ to _L_, 8-1/2 inches. Dimensions of each
guide-board, 6-1/4 inches by 3/4 inch. Each tail-cord is weighted by a
small lead weight, as shown at _K_ in drawing.
In this machine the springs for the needles are omitted, and a board
large enough to cover the ends of all the needles, substituted. [See
arrow, _P_.]
[Illustration: Fig. CVI.]
Fig. CVI. illustrates the rear view of the needle-box, _B_, and the
board for pressing the needles, _A_. _C_ shows the hanger, which is
attached (movable) to the top of the machine. [See _E_, in Fig. CV.]
Tying-up of Jacquard Harness for Two-ply Ingrain Carpets.
With a General Description of the Working of the Loom and Construction
of the Fabric.
Two-ply Ingrain Carpet is an article composed of two fabrics, produced
on the regular double-cloth system. These two fabrics are arranged
in the loom to form figures by a simple exchanging of positions.
A great variety of colors may be put into each of these separate
fabrics, (ground and figure), and the most elaborate designs may be
used. On every part of the carpet where these two fabrics do not
exchange, each works on the plain weave. The exchanging of these two
fabrics binds both into one, thus forming the ingrain carpet. In the
manufacture of this carpet four sets of warp-threads, and also four
sets of filling-threads are generally employed; but, if occasionally
more or less should be used, in warp or in filling, or in both, in
the same fabric, the principle of exchanging is still observed. If
employing four sets in warp and filling, two sets of each are used
for forming the figure, the other two sets forming the ground, each
of the figure-threads having as its mate one of the ground-threads.
These threads are so arranged that when a figure-thread appears upon
the face of the fabric its mate appears upon the back, and when the
figure-thread appears upon the back the corresponding ground-thread
appears upon the face.
[Illustration: Fig. CVII.]
To give a clearer understanding of the foregoing, a sectional cut of an
Ingrain carpet fabric is given in Fig. CVII.
Suppose the filling-threads for the figure to be:
RED, indicated by heavy shaded circles;
picks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30.
BLACK, indicated by full black circles;
picks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32.
And the filling-threads for the ground to be:
WHITE, indicated by empty circles;
picks 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29.
OLIVE, indicated by light shaded circles;
picks 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31.
A careful examination of the drawing shows that the white threads mate
with the red, and the black threads with the olive, so that when one of
these colors shows upon the face the mating color will show upon the
back, and _vice versa_.
As a general rule, these warp-threads are of the same color as the
weft-threads; hence, every filling pick, appearing either on face or
back, is bound by a warp-thread of the same color. The sectional cut
represents four distinct effects with 32 picks, thus allowing 8 picks
for the illustration of each part.
1st effect, picks 1 to 8,
is ground up (white and olive).
2d " " 9 to 16,
is figure up (red and black).
3d " " 17 to 24,
is 1st effect in “_shot about_” (red and olive up).
4th " " 25 to 32,
is 2d " " " (white and black up).
Two methods of tying-up Jacquard harness are in use:
1st, the “straight-through” principle,
(known to the trade as “cross-point”).
2d, the “point” method,
(known to the trade as “centre-tie”).