========+==================+=====+==========+============+===========+
Location|Grade |Rate | WORK IN PROGRESS |
| | |----------+------------+-----------+
| | | Two |Two arches, |Four arches|
| | | inverts |two inverts,| and one |
| | | and two |and two duct| face of |
| | | duct | benches | bench |
| | | benches | | |
--------+------------------+-----+----------+------------+-----------+
{|Foreman |$3.00| 2 | 2 | 2 |
Tunnel {|Laborer | 1.75| 24 | 28 | 70 |
{|Switchmen | 2.00| | 2 | 2 |
{|Hoisting engineers| 3.00| 2 | 4 | 5 |
{|Foreman | 3.00| 1 | 1 | 2 |
Surface{|Laborers | 1.75| 8 | 8 | 15 |
{|Teams | 6.50| 1 | 1 | 2 |
========+==================+=====+==========+============+===========+
Field Engineering Staff.
The field staff may be considered as divisible into five main divisions:
(_A_).--Construction, including alignment,
(_B_).--Cost records,
(_C_).--Testing of cement and other materials of construction,
(_D_).--Photography,
(_E_).--Despatch-boat service.
(_A_).--_Construction_ (_Inspection and Alignment_) _Staff._--A
comparatively large staff was maintained by the Company, and to this two
causes contributed. In the first place, the contractor maintained no
field engineering staff, because, early in the proceedings, it was
arranged that the Company would carry out all this work, and thus avoid
the overlapping, confusion, and lack of definite responsibility which
often ensues when two engineering forces are working over the same
ground. Even had the contractor maintained an engineering force, it
would have been necessary for the Company to check most of the
contractor's work.
In the second place, this work gave rise to a number of special surveys,
tests, borings, and observations of various kinds, most of which were
kept up as a part of the regular routine work, and this necessitated a
staff. Also, for a whole year, active progressive work was at a
standstill while the pile tests were going on.
(_B_).--_Cost Records Staff._--A distinct feature was made of keeping as
accurately as possible detailed records of the actual cost to the
contractor of carrying out the work. A small staff of clerks, retained
solely for this purpose, tabulated and recorded the information
furnished by the members of the construction staff. About $12,000,
altogether, was spent in salaries in this department, and it may be
considered an extremely wise investment, for, not only is the
information thus obtained of great value and interest in itself, but it
also puts the Company in an excellent position should any claim or
discussion arise with the contractor.
(_C_).--_Cement-Testing Department._--As the Company furnished the
cement to the contractor, it became incumbent to make careful tests of
the quality. A cement-testing laboratory was established at the
Manhattan Shaft offices, under the charge of a cement inspector who was
furnished with assistants for sampling, shipping, and testing cement.
All materials used on the work, such as bricks, sand, stone,
water-proofing, etc., were tested here, with the exception of metals,
which were under the charge of a metal inspector reporting directly to
the head office. This department cost about $10,000 for salaries and
$3,000 for apparatus and supplies, or about $13,000, in all.
There were 800,000 bbl. of cement tested, and samples from 2,100,000
brick. A large amount of useful information has resulted from the work
of this laboratory.
(_D_).--_Photography._--It was desired to keep a complete photographic
record of the progress of the work, and therefore a photographer was
appointed, with office room at the Manhattan Shaft. The photographer
took all the progress photographs on the work of the North River
Division, made photographic reductions of all drawings and plans, made
lantern slides of all negatives of a more important nature, and, in
addition, during the period of compressed air, analyzed the samples of
compressed air, brought into the office for the purpose, for the amount
of CO_{2} present. About $8,000 was spent on this department.
(_E_).--_Despatch-Boat Service._--To provide access to the New Jersey
side, a despatch boat was purchased. This boat was at first (June, 1904)
chartered, and in May, 1905, was bought outright, and ran on regular
schedules, day and night. It continued in the service until April,
1909, when it was given up, as the tunnels were so far completed that
they provided easy access to New Jersey. The cost of the boat
(second-hand) was about $3,000. It was then thoroughly overhauled and
the cabin remodeled. The monthly cost, when working a 12-hour shift, was
$270 for manning, $65 for supplies, and $64 for coal. On two 12-hour
shifts, the monthly cost was $533 for manning, $100 for supplies, and
$96 for coal. About 100,000 passengers were carried during the boat's
period of service, and the total cost was about $37,500.
For the major part of the period embraced by this paper, B. H. M.
Hewett, M. Am. Soc. C. E., served as General Resident Engineer, in
charge of the Field Work as a whole.
W. L. Brown, M. Am. Soc. C. E., was at first Resident Engineer of the
work constructed from the Manhattan Shaft, while H. F. D. Burke, M. Am.
Soc. C. E., was Resident Engineer of the work constructed from the
Weehawken Shaft. After the meeting of the shields, Mr. Burke left to
take up another appointment, and from that time Mr. Brown acted as
Resident Engineer.
It may be said, without reflecting in any way on the manufacturers, that
the high standard of all the metal materials also testified to the
efficient inspection conducted under the direction of Mr. J. C.
Naegeley.
It is impossible to close this brief account of these tunnels without
recording the invaluable services at all times rendered by the members
of the Company's field staff. Where all worked with one common aim it
might seem invidious to single out names, but special credit is due to
the following Assistant Engineers: Messrs. H. E. Boardman, Assoc. M. Am.
Soc. C. E., W. H. Lyon, H. U. Hitchcock, E. R. Peckens, H. J. Wild,
Assoc. M. Am. Soc. C. E., J. F. Sullivan, Assoc. M. Am. Soc. C. E., and
R. T. Robinson, Assoc. M. Am. Soc. C. E. Mr. C. E. Price was in charge
of the cement tests throughout the entire period, and brought to his
work not only ability but enthusiasm. Mr. H. D. Bastow was in charge of
the photographic work, and Mr. A. L. Heyer of the cost account records,
in which he was ably seconded by Mr. A. P. Gehling, who, after Mr.
Heyer's departure, finished the records and brought them into their
final shape. The organization of the Company's field engineering staff
is shown graphically by Fig. 24.
FIELD ORGANIZATION OF THE O'ROURKE ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION COMPANY FOR
THE BUILDING OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD TUNNELS INTO NEW YORK
CITY--NORTH RIVER DIVISION. SECTIONS GY EAST, GY WEST SUPPLEMENTARY, GY
WEST, AND CO.
GENERAL SUPERINTENDENT.
|
+------------------------+-------+--+
| | |
(General, Surface and Office) (Excavation |
---------------+------------- of Land |
| Tunnels) |
ASSISTANT GENERAL SUPERINTENDENT | |
| GENERAL |
| ROCK SUPT |
+------------+------------+ | |
| | | Tunnel |
FIELD SURFACE DESPATCH Supts |
OFFICE BOAT Tunnel |
Foreman |
Civil Head Captain Foremen |
Engineer Carpenter Engineer Timbermen |
Inspectors Foreman Deck Hands Timbermen |
Bookkeepers Carpenter Timbermen's |
Paymaster Carpenters Helpers |
Head Carpenters' Foremen |
Storekeeper Helpers Drillers |
Storekeepers Blacksmiths Drillers |
Timekeepers Blacksmiths' Foremen |
Telephone Helpers Muckers |
Operators Foreman Pipe Fitters |
Office Boys Laborers Pipe Fitters' |
Messengers Laborers Helpers |
Janitors Disposal Electricians |
Trimmers Hoist |
Teamsters Engineers |
Signalmen |
Muckers |
Nippers |
Water Boys |
|
|
-------------+--------+-------------------------+--------+----------+
| | | |
(Shield Tunnel Driving) (Masonry (Power (Medical
| Lining-Rock Plant) Supervision)
GENERAL TUNNEL SUPERINTENDENT and River | |
| Tunnels) MASTER CHIEF MED
ASSISTANT SUPERINTENDENTS | MECHANIC OFFICER
| | | | | | |
+--------+------------+---------+ | Foreman |
EXCAVATION | | GENERAL | Electrician |
| IRON LINING CAULKING AND | | Electricians |
General | GRUMMETING | | Engineers |
Foremen Foremen | Pipefitters | Foreman Resident
Foremen Erector Foremen Pipefitters' | Machinist Doctor
Drillers Runners Caulkers Helpers | Machinists
Drillers Ironmen Grummeters Electricians | Machinists'
Powdermen Boltmen Electricians'| Helpers
Foremen Helpers | Firemen
Timbermen Trackmen | Oilers
Timbermen Lockmen | Pumpmen
Foremen Transport | Hoist Engineers
Muckers Foreman | Signalmen
Muckers Transport |
Shieldmen Laborers |
Laborers Watchmen |
Nippers |
Water Boys |
GENERAL CONCRETE SUPERINTENDENT
|
TUNNEL SUPERINTENDENTS
|
+-----------+------------+----------------++-----------+
| | | | |
CONCRETE BRICKWORK DUCTS WATER-PROOFING GENERAL
Foremen Foremen Foremen Foremen Pipefitters
Carpenters Bricklayers Duct-layers Waterproofers Pipefitters'
Carpenters' Bricklayers' Helpers
Helpers Laborers Electricians
Mixer Carpenters Electricians'
Foremen Carpenters' Helpers
Mixer Helpers Transport
Laborers Foremen
Concrete Transport
Laborers Laborers
Watchmen