C., and in the country at large. It does not authorize the waiving of
physical requirements.
Persons who are entitled to preference under the statutes must qualify
for appointment by passing the usual entrance examinations.
RESTORATION TO ELIGIBLE REGISTERS
An act of Congress, approved March 1, 1919, provides as follows:
“That the period of time during which soldiers, sailors, and marines,
both enlisted and drafted men, who, prior to entering the service of
their country, had a civil service status, and whose names appear upon
the eligible list of the Civil Service Commission, shall not be counted
against them in the determination of their eligibility for appointment
under the law, rules and regulations of the Civil Service Commission now
in effect, and at the time of demobilization their civil service status
shall be the same as when they entered the service.”
REINSTATEMENT IN CIVIL SERVICE OF MEN WHO LEFT TO BEAR ARMS
An Executive order of July 18, 1918, provides as follows:
“A person leaving the classified civil service to engage in the military
or naval service of the Government during the present war with Germany
and who has been honorably discharged, may be reinstated in the civil
service at any time within five years after his discharge, provided that
at the time of reinstatement he has the required fitness to perform the
duties of the position to which reinstatement is sought.”
An act of Congress, approved February 25, 1919, provides as follows:
“That all former Government employees who have been drafted or enlisted
in the military service of the United States in the war with Germany
shall be reinstated on application to their former positions, if they
have received an honorable discharge and are qualified to perform the
duties of the position.”
SOME MEN WHO HAVE MADE GOOD
In the Government service, as in private employ, unusual ability is
rewarded by more rapid promotion. As indicating that opportunity is not
lacking in Government offices for those who possess brains and ambition,
a few examples, selected from a large number of similar cases, may be
mentioned:
In the Department of Labor an employee now receiving a salary of $3,000
a year entered the Government service as a compositor in the Government
Printing Office at $3.20 a day. Another, in the same department and
receiving the same salary, started as a clerk at $1,000. An assistant to
the Secretary of Labor, who is paid $5,000 a year, entered the service
in 1906 as a stenographer at $900. This employee, as well as one who was
appointed at $1,000 and who now receives $4,000, studied law while in
the service, attending the evening classes held by one of the several
universities in Washington. A former Chinese inspector, appointed at
$1,440 in 1903, also studied law and by successive promotions has
attained a salary of $4,500 a year.
The present Solicitor for the Department of State entered that
department as a law clerk at $1,600 a year in 1909. His present salary
is $5,000 a year.
The Department of the Interior pays $4,000 a year to one of its
employees who entered the service as a copyist at $900.
A messenger boy in the Post Office Department, appointed in 1903, now
holds a position in another department which pays $5,000 a year.
An employee of the Department of Agriculture now receiving $4,000 a year
started in 1904 as a clerk-stenographer-typist at $1,000. In the same
department there is an instance of a rise from assistant messenger at
$480 a year in 1906 to assistant to the Secretary at $3,300 a year at
the present time.
In the Treasury Department are two employees who rose, one from $720 and
the other from $1,800 a year, to positions in that department paying
$6,000 a year.
The Interstate Commerce Commission has afforded the opportunity to a
number of civil-service employees to secure advancement to positions
paying $5,000 a year.
These instances could be multiplied many times. No attempt has been made
to cover all the departments and bureaus; the selections have been made
from large numbers of equally interesting cases. Aside from the
excellent opportunities for advancement in the Government service, many
men have received training in Government establishments which has
qualified them to hold positions paying as high as $12,000 a year, and
even more, in private employ.
It is human to measure success by standards of money, but, of course,
pecuniary reward represents only a certain kind of success. Achievement,
work well done, whatever it may be, is success. The civil service of the
United States offers a wide field of opportunity where individual tastes
may be developed and where real constructive work may be done. Its
offices, laboratories, and workshops are equipped with modern
appliances. Its libraries receive currently the books and periodicals
needed by the worker in his effort to keep abreast of his fellows. Its
working hours and vacation periods permit the worker to live while he
works, and he works better in consequence. The civil service has much to
commend it to the discharged soldier, sailor, or marine, or any other
citizen who seeks work.
PARTIAL LIST OF EXAMINATIONS HELD FOR THE FEDERAL CIVIL SERVICE
The following list of positions for which examinations have recently
been held by the Civil Service Commission will serve to illustrate the
great number and variety of the occupations existing in the Federal
civil service. No attempt has been made to give a complete list, for it
would not be feasible to do so in this publication. Practically every
occupation is represented in the offices, laboratories, and workshops of
the Government.
It should not be understood that examinations are now open for all of
the positions included in the list. Definite information relative to
current examinations may be obtained from the secretary of the local
board of civil-service examiners at the post office or customhouse in
any of 3,000 cities or from the United States Civil Service Commission,
Washington, D. C.
The entrance salaries named are those which were offered when the
examinations were announced. Higher or lower salaries may be offered
when the examinations are announced again.
================================================+=====================
Position |Usual entrance salary
------------------------------------------------+---------------------
Accountant, Federal Trade Commission-- |
Grade I |$2,500-$3,600 a year.
Grade II |$1,800-$2,500 a year.
Accounting, commission-house, assistant in |$1,800-$2,400 a year.
Accounting and office management, investigator |
in |$2,000-$3,000 a year.
Accounting and statistical clerk |$1,200-$1,620 a year.
Accounts, examiner of, Interstate Commerce |
Commission-- |
Grade I |$2,220-$3,000 a year.
Grade II |$1,860-$2,100 a year.
Actuary |$2,500-$3,500 a year.
Adjuster, sewing-machine |$1,200 a year.
Aeronautical draftsman |$4-$5.04 a day.
Aeronautical engineer |$3,600 a year.
Aeronautical engineering draftsman |$1,500-$2,000 a year.
Aeronautical expert aid |$13 a day.
Aeronautical mechanical draftsman |$1,200-$1,800 a year.
Agent, special, qualified as Latin-American |
trade expert |$3,000 a year.
Statistical |$1,400 a year.
Agricultural assistant |$1,400-$1,600 a year.
Agricultural economics, assistant in |$1,800-$2,280 a year.
Agricultural education-- |
Assistant in |$2,000-$3,000 a year.
Special agent for |$3,000-$3,500 a year.
Specialist in |$3,000 a year.
Agricultural inspector (Philippine) |$1,200-$1,400 a year.
Agricultural technology, laboratory aid in |$720-$1,080 a year.
Agriculture-- |
Dry-land, assistant in |$1,200-$2,000 a year.
Scientific and practical, expert in |$2,500 a year.
Agriculturist, assistant |$2,040-$2,520 a year.
Agriculturist in extension work |$1,800-$2,750 a year.
Agriculturist and field agent |$2,000-$3,000 a year.
Agronomy, scientific assistant in |$1,200-$1,800 a year.
Agrostologist, assistant |$1,600-$2,040 a year.
Aid-- |
Aeronautical, expert |$13 a day.
Bureau of Standards |$600-$720 a year.
Chemist’s |$720-$1,200 a year.
Coast and Geodetic Survey |$1,000-$1,300 a year.
Division of Plants, National Museum |$1,200 a year.
Electrical and mechanical, expert |$6 a day.
Senior |$12 a day.
Electrical, expert |$4-$6 a day.
Field station |$720-$1,000 a year.
Geologic |$1,000-$1,800 a year.
Laboratory, agricultural technology |$720-$1,080 a year.
Lighthouse Service |$1,020 a year.
Pharmacological |$900-$1,200 a year.
Qualified in chemistry |$600-$840 a year.
Engineering |$600-$840 a year.
Radio work |$600 a year.
Radio, expert |$9.04 a day.
Topographic |$480-$900 a year.
Analyst-- |
Valuation-- |
Grade I |$3,600-$5,000 a year.
Grade II |$1,800-$3,300 a year.
Anatomist |$1,600 a year.
Anesthetist |$1,200 a year.
Animal husbandry, scientific assistant in |$1,200-$1,800 a year.
Apicultural assistant |$1,400-$1,600 a year.
Apple insect investigations, specialist in |$1,800 a year.
Appraiser, land-- |
Junior |$900-$1,500 a year.
Senior |$1,800-$2,700 a year.
Apprentice-- |
Draftsman |$480-$720 a year.
Draftsman and photographer |$600-$900 a year.
Electrical engineer |$720-$960 a year.
Fish-culturist |$600-$960 a year.
Laboratory |$480-660 a year.
Map printer, assistant |$360 a year.
Map engraver |$1.25 a day.
Plate cleaner |$600 a year.
Plate cleaner, transferrer and engraver |$600 a year.
Shop |$720 a year.
Arboriculture, dry-land, assistant in |$900-$1,500 a year.
Architect-- |
Barn |$1,800-$2,400 a year.
Junior |$1,200-$1,680 a year.
Landscape |$2,400 a year.
Senior |$1,800-$2,700 a year.
Artist, botanical |$900 a year.
Assayer, assistant |$1,200 a year.
Assistant-- |
Assay Laboratory |$1,200 a year.
Bureau of Fisheries |$2,400 a year.
Electrical |$1,200 a year.
Research |$1,200-$1,800 a year.
Technical |$3.50 a day.
Test |$6.48 a day.
Assistant chief, Office of Markets and Rural |
Organization |$4,000 a year.
Assistants, research and special agents |$1,200-$1,680 a year.
Attendant-- |
Hospital |$180-$360 a year.[1]
Laboratory |$660 a year.
Attorney, Interstate Commerce Commission |$1,200-$1,800 a year.
Bacteriologist |$1,440-$2,500 a year.
Dairy |$1,800-$2,220 a year.
Junior |$1,440-$1,740 a year.
Philippine Service |$2,000-$2,250 a year.
Sanitary |$1,500 a year.
Baker, Indian Service |$480-$600 a year.
Band leader and instructor |$720-$1,000 a year.
Bee handler |$1,000 a year.
Biochemist, assistant |$2,000 a year.
Biological assistant |$1,200-$1,800 a year.
Biologist, assistant |$3,000 a year.
Qualified in economic ornithology |$1,200-$1,400 a year.
Systematic botany |$1,400 a year.
Blacksmith |$1,080-$1,320 a year.
Boilermaker, master |$6.72 a day.
Boilers, local and assistant inspector of |$2,100-$2,500 a year.
Bookbinder |60 cents an hour.
Bookbinder and accountant |$1,000-$1,500 a year.
Bookkeeper |$900-$1,200 a year.
Bookkeeper |$1,800 a year.
Bookkeeper and accountant, radio assistant |$1,200 a year.
Bookkeeper-typewriter |$900-$1,200 a year.
Botanist |$1,700 a year.
Brickmaker, foreman |$1,200 a year.
Builder, automobile body |$1,000 a year.
Business administration, clerk qualified in |$1,200-$1,500 a year.
Business manager, assistant to |$1,800 a year.
Cabinetmaker |$900-$1,500 a year.
Cadet officer |$600-$720 a year.[1]
Car equipment, inspector of |$1,800-$3,600 a year.
Carpenter |$1,200 a year.
Qualified as band leader, Indian Service |$720-$900 a year.
Carrier |
Letter |$1,000 a year.
Qualified as chauffeur |$1,000 a year.
Cement worker |$3.50 a day.
Ceramics, laboratory assistant in |$900-$1,200 a year.
Cereal disease investigations, pathologist in |$2,100-$2,520 a year.
Chauffeur, Post Office Service |$780-$1,000 a year.
Chauffeur-mechanic |$1,000-$1,200 a year.
Checker |$900 a year.
Navy yard |$3.52-$4 a day.
Cheesemaker |$1,200-$1,440 a year.
Chemist-- |
Alloy, assistant |$1,620 a year.
Analytical and mineralogist, assistant |$1,800-$2,400 a year.
Assistant-- |
Grade I |$1,800-$2,500 a year.
Grade II |$1,350-$1,500 a year.
Associate, analytical |$2,500 a year.
Ceramic, associate |$2,000-$2,500 a year.
Ceramic, junior |$1,200-$1,500 a year.
Engineer Department at large, assistant |$1,000 a year.
Explosives |$3,300 a year.
Fuels, junior |$1,020-$1,200 a year.
Gas, junior |$1,200-$1,500 a year.
Inorganic |$1,400-$2,000 a year.
Junior |$1,200-$1,440 a year.
Qualified in fuels |$1,020 a year.
Qualified in tars |$1,500 a year.
Junior in radioactivity |$1,200-$1,500 a year.
Laboratory and junior |$3.28-$5.04 a day.
Leather, Philippine Service |$1,600 a year.
Metallurgical |$1,800-$2,500 a year.
Ordnance Department at large, assistant |$1,350-$1,500 a year.
Organic |$1,800-$2,250 a year.
Assistant |$1,800 a year.
Organic and physical |$1,800-$2,500 a year.
Petroleum, assistant |$1,800 a year.
Pharmaceutical, research |$3,000 a year.
Physiological |$1,800-$2,220 a year.
Physiological and organic |$1,800-$2,500 a year.
Chemistry, agricultural, biological and |
physiological, specialist in |$1,500-$1,800 a year.
Classification, assistant to officer in charge |
of |$2,400 a year.
Clerk |$900-$1,200 a year.
Accountant, qualified as |$1,000-$1,800 a year.
Accounting and statistical |$1,200-$1,620 a year.
Chief, Bureau of Education |$2,000 a year.
Editorial |$1,200-$1,600 a year.
Express rate |$1,200-$1,500 a year.
Forest and field |$1,100-$1,200 a year.
Freight rate |$1,200-$1,500 a year.
General |$900-$1,200 a year.
Index and catalogue |$1,000-$1,200 a year.
Land law |$900-$1,600 a year.
Law |$1,000-$1,800 a year.
Law, stenographer and typewriter |$1,000-$1,740 a year.
Minor |$720-$900 a year.
Panama Canal Service |$1,200-$1,500 a year.
Passenger rate |$1,200-$1,500 a year.
Postal, Panama Canal Service |$1,200-$1,500 a year.
Qualified as accountant |$1,000-$1,800 a year.
Qualified as business administration |$1,200-$1,500 a year.
Qualified as free-hand artist |$1,000 a year.
Qualified in modern languages |$900-$1,200 a year.
Qualified in statistics or accounting-- |
Grade I |$1,000-$1,400 a year.
Grade II |$1,400-$1,800 a year.
Qualified as typewriter repairer |$1,200 a year.
Railway mail |$1,100 a year.
Shipping |$1,600 a year.
Statistical |$900-$1,200 a year.
Stenographic |$1,000-$1,200 a year.
Tariff |$1,200-$1,500 a year.
To commercial attaché |$1,800 a year.
Weight |$3.28 a day.
With knowledge of stenography or typewriting |$900-$1,200 a year.
Clerk-bookkeeper |$1,000 a year.
Clerk-carrier |$1,000 a year.
Clerk-draftman |$1,200 a year.
Clinical director |$2,000 a year.
Collector, inspector, and agent, deputy |$5-$7 a day.
Commerce and finance, expert in |$1,800-$2,500 a year.
Assistant to |$1,400-$1,800 a year.
Commissioner, shipping |$1,500 a year.
Deputy |$900 a year.
Community organization, specialist in |$3,000 a year.
Computer |$1,500-$1,800 a year.
Junior |$900-$1,200 a year.
Coast and Geodetic Survey |$1,200 a year.
Nautical Almanac Office and Naval Observatory |$1,200 a year.
Computer and estimator |$1,600-$1,800 a year.
Computing clerk |$900 a year.
Conductor, elevator |$720-$900 a year.
Construction, superintendent of |$1,600-$2,400 a year.
Cook (Indian Service) |$480-$660 a year.
Cook, qualified us deck hand |$780 a year.
Co-operative marketing, investigator in |$2,250-$2,750 a year.
Co-operative organization, investigator in |$2,000-$2,750 a year.
Co-operative purchasing, investigator in |$1,800-$2,500 a year.
Copyist ship draftsman |$3.76 a day.
Cotton classing: |
Assistant in |$1,800-$2,400 a year.
Specialist in |$2,500-$3,500 a year.
Cotton entomologist |$1,000-$1,500 a year.
Cotton grading, assistant in |$1,200-$1,600 a year.
Cotton marketing and warehousing, specialist in |$3,000-$3,600 a year.
Crop acclimatization, assistant in |$900-$1,400 a year.
Crop physiologist |$3,000 a year.
Crop physiology, assistant in |$1,200-$1,500 a year.
Curator, assistant |$1,500-$1,800 a year.
Custodian, assistant |$1,400-$1,600 a year.
Custodian-janitor, assistant |$660-$1,000 a year.
Dairy cattle breeding, specialist in |$2,500-$3,000 a year.
Dairy herdsman, senior |$1,500 a year.
Dairy husbandman |$1,800-$2,500 a year.
Assistant |$1,500-$1,740 a year.
Dairying, scientific assistant in |$1,200-$1,800 a year.
Dairyman |$900 a year.
Deck hand |$600-$780 a year.
Deck officer |$1,000 a year.
Dentist (Indian Service) |$1,500 a year.
Deputy collector, inspector, and agent, |
antinarcotic act |$1,600 a year.
Designer, electrical |$153-$164 a month.
Designer, gauge |$2,000-$3,000 a year.
Designer, landscape |$1,500 a year.
Designer of marine engines, boilers, and |
machinery |$2,400-$3,000 a year.
Director, assistant, Child Labor Division |$2,400-$2,820 a year.
Director clinical |$2,000 a year.
Draftsman-- |
Aeronautic |$5.04 a day.
Aeronautical engineering |$1,500-$2,000 a year.
Aeronautical mechanical |$1,200-$1,800 a year.
Architectural and structural steel |$1,500 a year.
Architectural, mechanical, structural steel-- |
Grade I |$4-$4.96 a day.
Grade II |$4.96-$5.92 a day.
Grade III |$5.92-$6.88 a day.
Artist |$1,200-$1,440 a year.
Chief |$2,500 a year.
Copyist |$2.56-$3.76 a day.
Copyist structural steelwork |$2.80-$3.28 a day.
Electrical-- |
Grade I |$4-$4.96 a day.
Grade II |$5.44-$6.40 a day.
Electrical copyist |$3.52-$4 a day.
Hull |$1500 a year.
Marine |$1,440-$1,800 a year.
Marine engine and boiler |$3.28-$7.04 a day.
Copyist |$3.28 a day.
Mechanical |$800-$1,800 a year.
Panama Canal Service-- |
Class I |$1,800 a year.
Class II |$1,500 a year.
Navy Department |$4-$7.84 a day.
Mechanical and electrical |$1,200-$1,500 a year.
Minor or copyist |$1,200 a year.
Ordnance |$4-$5.04 a day.
Radio |$3.44-$6 a day.
Rural engineering |$1,200-$1,500 a year.
Ship-- |
Grade I |$4-$.96 a day.
Grade II |$4.96-$5.92 a day.
Grade III |$5.92-$6.88 a day.
Copyist |$3.76 a day.
Skilled |$1,400-$2,000 a year.
Structural steel |$3.04-$8 a day.
Copyist |$2.80-$3.28 a day
Junior |$3.52-$4 a day.
Topographic |$1,000-$1,200 a year.
Copyist |$900-$1,000 a year.
Panama Canal Service |$1,630 a year.
Topographic and subsurface |$4.48-$5.04 a day.
Driller, expert |$2,160-$3,300 a year.
Driver, automobile |$780-$840 a year.
Auto truck |$900 a year.
Drug inspector |$1,400 a year.
Drug-plant investigations, scientific assistant |
in |$1,200 a year.
Dry land agriculture, assistant in |$1,200-$2,000 a year.
Dry land arboriculture, assistant in |$900-$1,500 a year.
Dynamo tender |$3.68 a day.
Immigration Service |$900 a year.
Economic geologist |$3,000 a year.
Economist-- |
Grade I |$2,500-$4,000 a year.
Grade II |$1,800-$2,500 a year.
Economist, petroleum |$1,800-$2,500 a year.
Editor-- |
Assistant |$2,000 a year.
Information |$2,000 a year.
Editorial clerk |$1,200-$1,600 a year.
Editorial division, chief of |$2,500 a year.
Educational community organization, special |
agent in |$1,800 a year.
Electrical designer |$153-$164 a month.
Electrical machinist |$4 a day.
Electrician |$1,000-$1,200 a year.
Electrometallurgist |$2,000-$3,300 a year.
Electrotyper |70 cents an hour.
Elevator conductor |$720-$900 a year.
Engine runner, Bureau of Mines |$720 a year.
Engineer-- |
Aeronautical |$3,600 a year.
Assistant |$1,500 a year.
Assistant testing |$1,800-$2,500 a year.
Chemical-- |
Assistant (petroleum) |$1,800-$2,100 a year.
Junior |$1,200-$1,500 a year.
Chief, Coast and Geodetic Survey |$1,200 a year.
Civil-- |
Junior-- |
Grade I |$1,320-$1,680 a year.
Grade II |$720-$1,200 a year.
Philippine Service |$1,560-$3,000 a year.
Senior |$1,800-$2,700 a year.
Civil, and superintendent of construction |$1,500 a year.
Construction |$1,560-$3,000 a year.
Designing |$2,000-$3,000 a year.
Designing and construction |$10-$16 a day.
Drainage |$1,440-$1,800 a year.
Junior |$1,080-$1,320 a year.
Senior |$2,220-$3,000 a year.
Electrical |$1,500-$3,000 a year.
Assistant, qualified in municipal research |$1,400-$1,800 a year.
Junior-- |
Grade I |$1,320-$1,680 a year.
Grade II |$720-$1,200 a year.
Senior |$1,800-$2,700 a year.
Electrochemical |$1,500-$1,800 a year.
Experimental |$3,000 a year.
Explosives |$2,520-$2,700 a year.
Junior |$1,200-$1,500 a year.
Fuel, junior |$1,200 a year.
Gas-waste |$2,400-$3,600 a year.
Highway |$1,800-$2,100 a year.
Highway bridge |$1,800-$2,100 a year.
Senior |$2,400-$3,300 a year.
Hoist |$1,200 a year.
Hydraulic and sanitary |$10-$16 a day.
Indian Service |$600-$900 a year.
Junior |$1,080-$1,200 a year.
Marine-- |
Gasoline |$1,200-$1,500 a year.
Steam |$1,200 a year.
Supervising |$3,500 a year.
Mechanical |$1,600-$2,700 a year.
Designing |$2,100 a year.
Junior-- |
Grade I |$1,320-$1,680 a year.
Grade II |$720-$1,200 a year.
Senior |$1,800-$2,700 a year.
Mechanical and electrical |$1,560-$3,000 a year.
Metallurgical |$7.04 a day.
Mining, chief of coal-mining investigations |$4,000 a year.
Mining, coal |$2,400-$4,000 a year.
Assistant |$1,800-$2,400 a year.
Mining, junior |$1,200-$1,500 a year.
Mining, metal |$2,400-$4,000 a year.
Natural gas |$1,800-$2,500 a year.
Ore dressing |$2,400-$3,600 a year.
Petroleum |$2,500-$3,000 a year.
Assistant |$1,800-$2,500 a year.
Junior |$1,200-$1,500 a year.
Pulp and paper |$3,500 a year.
Radio |$1,800 a year.
Sanitary |$2,500 a year.
Assistant |$1,600 a year.
Philippine Service |$1,600 a year.
Signal-- |
Junior-- |
Grade I |$1,320-$1,680 a year.
Grade II |$720-$1,200 a year.
Senior-- |
Grade I |$3,000-$4,800 a year.
Grade II |$1,800-$2,700 a year.
Steam-- |
Assistant or second-class |$1,000-$1,200 a year.
First-class |$1,000-$1,400 a year.
Road-roller |$900 a year.
Third-class |$840-$1,000 a year.
Structural-- |
Junior-- |
Grade I |$1,320-$1,680 a year.
Grade II |$720-$1,200 a year.
Senior-- |
Grade I |$3,000-$4,000 a year.
Grade II |$1,800-$2,700 a year.
Supervising mining and metallurgist |$4,000 a year.
Telegraph and telephone, junior-- |
Grade I |$1,320-$1,680 a year.
Grade II |$720-$1,200 a year.
Telephone |$1,800 a year.
Vehicle |$1,500 a year.
Engineer and draftsman-- |
Civil |$1,500-$2,000 a year.
Heating and ventilating |$1,200-$1,500 a year.
Junior |$1,200-$2,000 a year.
Structural |$1,600-$1,800 a year.
Engineer-economist |$2,000-$2,500 a year.
Engineer and metallurgist, supervising mining |$3,600-$4,000 a year.
Engineer and sawyer |$4.48 a day.
Engraver-- |
Map, copperplate |$1,620 a year.
Script, square letter, and vignette |$3.84-$8.95 a day.
Entomology-- |
Preparator in |$600-$1,000 a year.
Scientific assistant in |$1,200-$1,800 a year.
Scientific preparator in |$1,200 a year.
Special field agent in |$1,200-$2,000 a year.
Entomological inspector |$1,400-$1,740 a year.
Epidemiologist, assistant |$2,000-$2,500 a year.
Examiner, Assistant (Patent Office) |$1,500 a year.
Executive secretary |$2,400-$2,800 a year.
Expert-- |
Automobile |$2,400 a year.
Child welfare |$1,800-$2,400 a year.
Nautical |$1,000-$1,800 a year.
Telegraph rate |$117 a month.
Expert and special agent |$1,200-$1,600 a year.
Farm economics, assistant in |$1,800-$2,000 a year.
Farm management, scientific assistant in |$1,200-$1,800 a year.
Farm management demonstrations, agriculturist in|$1,800-$2,760 a year.
Farmer, Indian Service |$600-$900 a year.
Finger-print classifier |$1,000-$1,400 a year.
Fireman-- |
Marine |$768-$900 a year.
Stationary |$660-$720 a year.
Fireman-watchman |$600-$840 a year.
Fish culturist, apprentice |$600-$960 a year.
Fish investigations, assistance in |$1,200-$1,620 a year.
Fish pathologist |$2,500 a year.
Food inspector |$1,400 a year.
Food and drug inspector |$1,400-$2,000 a year.
Food research, specialist in |$1,500 a year.
Forage crops, scientific assistant in |$1,200-$1,800 a year.
Foreign marketing of agricultural products: |
Assistant in |$1,600-$2,280 a year.
Investigator in |$2,000-$3,000 a year.
Forest assistant |$1,100-$1,400 a year.
Philippine |$1,600 a year.
Forest education, district assistant in |$1,800 a year.
Forest entomology, assistant in |$1,200-$1,400 a year.
Forest pathology, assistant in |$1,200-$1,440 a year.
Field |$1,200-$1,620 a year.
Forest products-- |
Architectural assistant in |$1,500 a year.
Chemist in |$2,000-$2,400 a year.
Assistant |$1,200-$1,800 a year.
Engineer in |$1,860-$3,000 a year.
Assistant |$1,200-$1,500 a year.
Forest ranger |$1,100-$1,200 a year.
Fruit transportation and storage, investigator |
in |$2,000-$2,520 a year.
Fruit-fly quarantine inspector |$1,800 a year.
Fruits and vegetables, supervising inspector of |$2,000-$3,000 a year.
Game conservation, assistant in |$3,000 a year.
Game warden |$1,500 a year.
Garageman |$780-$840 a year.
Gardener |$600-$1,200 a year.
Landscape |$1,350 a year.
Gas inspector |$1,800 a year.
Gauge checker |$1,800-$2,400 a year.
Gauge designer |$2,000-$3,000 a year.
Gauge expert, master |$2,000-$3,600 a year.
Gauge inspector |$1,800-$2,400 a year.
Assistant |$1,000-$1,600 a year.
Gauger, oil |$1,200-$1,800 a year.
Gauges, inspector of |$1,800-$2,400 a year.
Geologic aid |$1,000-$1,800 a year.
Geologist |$2,500 a year.
Assistant |$1,800 a year.
Ground-water work |$1,200 a year.
Glass blower |$1,400 a year.
Glassworker |$1,200-$1,380 a year.
Grain-dust explosions, assistant in |$1,200-$1,500 a year.
Grain-exchange practice-- |
Investigator in |$1,800-$2,400 a year.
Specialist in |$2,500-$3,500 a year.
Grain handling, bulk, investigator in |$2,000-$2,760 a year.
Grain inspection-- |
Supervisor in |$2,500-$3,500 a year.
Assistant |$1,800-$2,400 a year.
Grain samples |$1,000-$1,620 a year.
Assistant |$1,200-$1,500 a year.
Grain standardization-- |
Aid in |$900-$1,400 a year.
Scientific assistant in |$1,200-$1,800 a year.
Specialist in |$2,200-$3,000 a year.
Grain supervisor |$1,800-$3,000 a year.
Grazing assistant |$1,200 a year.
Helper-- |
Automobile mechanic’s |$900 a year.
Electrician’s |$720 a year.
Foundry |$720-$1,020 a year.
Glass pot maker’s |$780 a year.
Laboratory |$720-$1,080 a year.
Junior |$540 a year.
Physical |$600-$900 a year.
Office |$480-$540 a year.
Plumber’s |$900 a year.
Tinner’s |$720 a year.
Herdsman |$720-$1,200 a year.
Dairy, senior |$1,500 a year.
Horticulture, scientific assistant in |$1,200-$1,800 a year.
Horticulturist |$2,100-$3,240 a year.
Assistant |$1,800-$2,200 a year.
Hostler |$540-$660 a year.
Hours of service, inspector of |$3,000 a year.
Hulls-- |
Local and assistant inspector of |$2,100-$2,500 a year.
Husbandman: |
Animal |$1,800-$2,600 a year.
Dairy |$1,800-$2,500 a year.
Assistant |$1,500-$1,740 a year.
Poultry |$1,800-$2,600 a year.
Illustrator |$1,800 a year.
Income-tax deputy collector, inspector, and |
agent |$1,400-$1,600 a year.
Incubation and brooding, assistant in |$1,200-$1,800 a year.
Indexer, scientific |$1,200 a year.
Infant mortality, expert in prevention of |$2,400-$3,600 a year.
Insect delineator |$1,400-$1,800 a year.
Insect investigations, apple, specialist in |$1,800 a year.
Insects as carriers of plant diseases, |
specialist in |$1,600 a year.
Inspector-- |
Boilers, local and assistant |$2,100-$2,500 a year.
Drug |$1,400 a year.
Engineer |$1,440-$1,800 a year.
Entomological |$1,400-$1,740 a year.
Fiber (Philippine Service) |$1,600-$2,000 a year.
Food |$1,400 a year.
Food and drug |$1,400-$2,000 a year.
Fruit-fly quarantine |$1,800 a year.
Gas |$1,800 a year.
Gauge |$1,800-$2,400 a year.
Hours of service |$3,000 a year.
Interstate commerce in game |$1,500 a year.
Lay |$1,080 a year.
Locomotives |$3,000 a year.
Pathological |$1,800-$2,400 a year.
Predatory animal |$1,200 a year.
Quarantine-- |
Fruit-fly |$1,800 a year.
Plant |$1,200-$2,500 a year.
Radio |$1,200-$1,600 a year.
Rubber |$1,200-$1,500 a year.
Safety appliances |$3,000 a year.
Interne-- |
Dental |$900 a year.[1]
Medical |$900 a year.[1]
Interpreter |$1,200 a year.
Investigations-- |
Drug plant, scientific assistant in |$1,200 a year.
Marketing, assistant in |$1,800-$3,000 a year.
Marketing, city, assistant in |$1,440-$1,800 a year.
Poisonous plant, assistant in |$1,400 a year.
Sugar beet-- |
Agriculturist in |$1,800-$2,100 a year.
Assistant pathologist in |$1,800-$2,400 a year.
Tobacco, assistant in |$1,200-$1,600 a year.
Wool, assistant in |$1,380-$1,800 a year.
Janitor |$600-$720 a year.
Joiner master |$7.52 a day.
Kelp harvester, foreman of |$1,200 a year.
Laboratorian-- |
Chemical |$900-$1,500 a year.
Mechanical or electrical |$1,000-$1,400 a year.
Physical |$3.84 a day.
Qualified in chemistry and physics |$1,000 a year.
Strength of materials |$3.52 a day.
Qualified in electrical science |$3.60-$4.24 a day.
Laboratory aid |$840-$1,240 a year.
Agricultural technology |$720-$1,080 a year.
Chemistry and physics |$600-$900 a year.
Foreign seed and plant introduction |$500-$900 a year.
Hygienic Laboratory |$720-$900 a year.
Plant pathology |$720 a year.
Seed testing |$600-$720 a year.
Laboratory aid and engineer |$800-$900 a year.
Laboratory aid and junior chemist |$3.28-$5.04 a day.
Laboratory assistant |$960-$1,320 a year.
Mechanical |$960-$1,080 a year.
Qualified in petrography |$1,200-$1,800 a year.
Radio |$1,200 a year.
Laboratory attendant |$660-$900 a year.
Laboratory helper |$720-$1,080 a year.
Junior |$480-$540 a year.
Labor, foreman of |$7.72 a day.
Laborer, skilled |$720-$900 a year.
Qualified as chauffeur |$720-$1,000 a year.
Qualified as elevator machinist |$900-$1,000 a year.
Qualified as general mechanic |$720 a year.
Laborer, unskilled |$480-$720 a year.
Land classifier |$1,800-$2,400 a year.
Assistant |$1,500-$1,800 a year.
Landscape gardening, scientific assistant in |$1,200-$1,800 a year.
Laundry worker |$30-$93 a month.
Law clerk |$1,000-$1,800 a year.
Lead burner |$4.50 a day.
Leather technology, laboratory assistant in |$1,200 a year.
Librarian |$1,700 a year.
Assistant |$1,200-$1,440 a year.
Library assistant |$900-$1,500 a year.
Lithographer |$1,000-$1,200 a year.
Lithographic draftsman, apprentice |$300 a year.
Lithographic pressman |$1,200-$1,800 a year.
Locomotives, inspector of |$3,000 a year.
Loftsman foreman |$8 a day.
Lumbering, assistant in |$2,000-$2,600 a year.
Machinist |$1,200-$1,500 a year.
Electrical |$1,200 a year.
Foreman |$7.04 a day.
Linotype |75 cents an hour.
X-ray |$1,800 a year.
Machinist’s helper |$780 a year.
Manual training teacher |$720-$1,200 a year.
Map colorist |$720-$900 a year.
Map engraver-- |
Copperplate |$1,620 a year.
Map printer |$1,200 a year.
Marine fireman |$768-$780 a year.
Marker |$780 a year.
Market business practice, assistant in-- |
Grade I |$1,800-$2,400 a year.
Grade II |$1,200-$1,600 a year.
Market station assistant |$1,000-$1,400 a year.
Marketing, assistant in-- |
Grade I |$1,800-$2,400 a year.
Grade II |$1,200-$1,800 a year.
Marketing dairy products, assistant in |$1,800-$2,400 a year.
Junior |$1,200-$1,800 a year.
Marketing fruits and vegetables-- |
Assistant in |$1,200-$1,800 a year.
Investigator in |$1,800-$2,760 a year.
Marketing investigations, assistant in |$1,800-$3,000 a year.
Marketing, investigator in-- |
Bureau of Markets, Department of Agriculture |$2,100-$3,000 a year.
Office of Markets and Rural Organization |$1,800-$2,400 a year.
Marketing live stock and animal products, |
scientific assistant in |$1,200-$1,800 a year.
Marketing live stock and meats, assistant in-- |
Grade I |$1,800-$2,400 a year.
Grade II |$1,200-$1,800 a year.
Marketing and organization, field agent in |$1,200-$1,600 a year.
Marketing seeds-- |
Investigator in |$1,800-$2,400 a year.
Specialist in |$2,500-$3,500 a year.
Marketing wool, specialist in-- |
Grade I |$2,500-$3,000 a year.
Grade II |$1,800-$2,400 a year.
Markets and rural organization, office of, |
assistant chief |$4,000 a year.
Meat cutter, assistant |$360 a year.[1]
Mechanic-- |
Automobile |$1,200-$1,320 a year.
Chief (automobile) |$1,200-$1,500 a year.
Foreman |$7.04 a day.
General |$840 a year.
Master |$7.44 a day.
Qualified to operate laundry machinery |$1,200 a year.
Qualified in shipbuilding trades |$5.36 a day.
Mechanic, special-- |
Boiler maker, qualified as |$5.36 a day.
Chipper and caulker |$5.36 a day.
Electrician, qualified as |$5.36 a day.
Gas and oil engine installations, qualified in|$4.48 a day.
Machine design, qualified in |$5.04 a day.
Machinist, qualified as |$5.36 a day.
Marine engine and boiler installations, |
qualified in |$4.48-$5.04 a day.
Motor-boat installations, qualified in |$6 a day.
Ship fitter, qualified as |$5.36 a day.
Mechanician-- |
Addressograph |$900-$1,500 a year.
Chief |$1,200-$1,500 a year.
Expert |$1,400-$1,800 a year.
Tabulating |$1,200-$1,600 a year.
Mechanician, qualified as instrument maker |$1,000-$1,400 a year.
Mechanician and laboratory assistant |$3.50 a day.
Medalist, assistant |$1,400-$1,600 a year.
Medical interne |$900 a year.[1]
Melter |$3.50 a day.
Messenger boy |$360-$480 a year.
Metabolism investigations, assistant in |$1,500 a year.
Metallographist |$1,500-$2,000 a year.
Metallurgist |$2,400-$3,300 a year.
Assistant |$1,800-$3,000 a year.
Physical |$6-$8 a day.
Microanalyst |$1,200-$1,440 a year.
Microscopist, assistant |$1,800-$2,000 a year.
Miller, Indian Service |$900-$1,000 a year.
Mineral examiner |$1,380-$1,500 a year.
Mineral technologist |$2,400-$3,600 a year.
Motor-boat installations, assistant inspector of|$6 a day.
Multigraph operator |$1,000-$1,200 a year.
Nautical expert |$1,000-$1,800 a year.
Negative cutter |$3 a day.
Nematologist |$1,800-$2,000 a year.
Nematology, preparator in |$660-$1,000 a year.
Nurse, Panama Canal Service |$1,020-$1,140 a year.
Nurseryman |$900 a year.
Observer, assistant |$1,080 a year.
Observer and meteorologist |$1,260-$1,800 a year.
Oceanography, scientific assistant in |$900 a year.
Office helper (typist) |$564-$660 a year.
Office of Information, assistant in |$1,800-$2,760 a year.
Officer in charge of classification, assistant |
to |$2,400 a year.
Oil, assistant inspector of |$1,400 a year.
Oil and gas production, assistant technologist |
in |$1,800-$2,100 a year.
Oil gauger |$1,200-$1,800 a year.
Oiler |$840 a year.
Marine |$480-$600 a year.[1]
Oiler and filterman |$85 a month.
Opener and packer |$840 a year.
Operative |$720-$1,000 a year.
Operator-- |
Calculating machine |$900-$1,200 a year.
Linotype |65 cents an hour.
Machine, harness shop |$720 a year.
Monotype |65 cents an hour.
Motor-boat |$145 a month.
Multigraph |$1,000-$1,200 a year.
Power plant |$1,000-$1,500 a year.
Substation |$1,200 a year.
Telegraph |$900-$1,600 a year.
Wireless |$780-$1,140 a year.
Telephone |$660-$720 a year.
Packer, chief |$1,200 a year.
Packer of merchandise |$900 a year.
Painter |$900-$1,200 a year.
Auto body |$1,000 a year.
Paleobotany, aid in |$1,200 a year.
Paleontology, assistant curator in |$1,500 a year.
Panology, scientific assistant in |$1,200-$1,800 a year.
Pathological adviser in cotton, truck, and |
forage crop diseases |$2,500-$3,000 a year.
Pathologist |$2,000 a year.
Plant, assistant |$1,800-$2,040 a year.
In citrus fruit diseases |$2,520-$3,000 a year.
Pathologist in charge of forage crop disease |
investigations |$1,800-$2,000 a year.
Pharmacist |$1,200 a year.
Pharmacist and physician’s assistant |$1,000 a year.
Pharmacognosist, assistant |$1,800-$2,500 a year.
Pharmacological aid |$900-$1,200 a year.
Pharmacologist, junior |$1,200-$1,600 a year.
Pharmacology, technical assistant in |$2,500 a year.
Philippine assistant |$1,500 a year.
Photographer, assistant |$1,020 a year.
Physician |$480-$1,800 a year.
Physicist-- |
Assistant |$1,500-$1,800 a year.
Associate (qualified in electrical |
engineering) |$2,000-$2,800 a year.
Junior |$1,500 a year.
Soil |$1,320-$1,680 a year.
Physicist, assistant-- |
Physical metallurgy, qualified in |$1,400-$1,800 a year.
Spectrophotometry, qualified in |$1,400-$1,800 a year.
Spectroscopy, qualified in |$1,400-$1,800 a year.
Physiologist, crop |$3,000 a year.
Physiologist in crop utilization, assistant |$2,000-$2,400 a year.
Pilot |$125 a month.[1]
Plant breeding, scientific assistant in |$1,200-$1,800 a year.
Plant disinfection, assistant in |$1,620-$1,800 a year.
Plant introduction, assistant in |$1,200-$1,400 a year.
Field station assistant in |$1,200-$1,600 a year.
Plant nutrition, assistant in |$1,080-$1,380 a year.
Plant pathology-- |
Field aid in |$840-$1,080 a year.
Field and laboratory aid in |$720-$1,080 a year.
Scientific assistant in |$1,200-$1,800 a year.
Laboratory aid in |$720 a year.
Plant physiology, scientific assistant in |$1,200-$1,800 a year.
Plant quarantine inspector |$1,200-$2,500 a year.
Plate cleaner |$4.80 a day.
Plate printer |$7.55 a day.
Plumber |$1,000-$1,200 a year.
Master |$6.40 a day.
Postmaster-- |
Fourth class |$180-$999 a year.
Second and third classes |$1,000-$2,400 a year.
Poultry and egg handling, investigator in |$1,200-$1,800 a year.
Poultry husbandry, scientific assistant in |$1,200-$1,800 a year.
Powder and explosives, inspector of |$1,400-$2,400 a year.
Preparator in entomology |$600-$1,000 a year.
Scientific |$1,200 a year.
Preparator in nematology |$660-$1,000 a year.
Press feeder |$720-$840 a year.
Pressman |65 cents an hour.
Pressman on offset presses |$5.75 a day.
Printer |60-65 cents an hour.
Public health work, scientific assistant in-- |
Grade I |$1,500-$2,000 a year.
Grade II |$900-$1,500 a a year.
Public roads and rural engineering, assistant |
chemist in |$1,800-$2,500 a year.
Radio activity, junior chemist in |$1,200-$1,500 a year.
Radio draftsman |$3.52-$6 a day.
Radio engineer |$1,800 a year.
Radio, expert, aid |$9.04 a day.
Radio inspector |$1,200-$1,600 a year.
Radio towers, subinspector |$5.52 a day.
Railway mail clerk |$1,100 a year.
Ranger, forest |$1,100-$1,200 a year.
Reclamation projects, agriculturist for |$1,800-$2,400 a year.
Rodman and chainman |$720-$1,080 a year.
Rural carrier |$480-$1,344 a year.
Motor |$1,500-$1,800 a year.
Rural economics, specialist in |$1,500-$1,800 a year.
Safety appliances, inspector of |$3,000 a year.
Salvage superintendent |$4-$6 a day.
Sawyer, Indian Service |$840-$1,000 a year.
Sawyer and carpenter, Indian Service |$840-$1,000 a year.
Sawyer and general mechanic, Indian Service |$720-$900 a year.
Sawyer and marine gasoline engineer |$900 a year.
Scaler |$1,400 a year.
Scientific assistant-- |
Bureau of Fisheries |$900-$1,400 a year.
Department of Agriculture |$1,000-$1,800 a year.
Scientific indexer |$1,200 a year.
Scientific preparator |$1,200 a year.
Scientist, statistical |$1,600-$1,800 a year.
Seeds, marketing-- |
Investigator in |$1,800-$2,400 a year.
Specialist in |$2,500-$3,500 a year.
Seed testing-- |
Laboratory aid in |$600-$720 a year.
Scientific assistant in |$1,200-$1,800 a year.
Sheet metal worker |$5.36 a day.
Ship fitter |$5.36 a day.
Shoemaker, Indian Service |$300-$600 a year.
Skilled laborer-- |
Qualified as chauffeur |$720-$1,000 a year.
Qualified as elevator machinist |$900-$1,000 a year.
Qualified as general mechanic |$720 a year.
Soil bacteriology, scientific assistant in |$1,200-$1,800 a year.
Soil surveying, scientific assistant in |$1,200-$1,800 a year.
Specialist-- |
Agricultural education |$3,000 a year.
Dairy manufacturing |$1,800-$2,500 a year.
Assistant |$1,500-$1,740 a year.
Fruit crop |$1,600-$2,400 a year.
Market milk, assistant |$1,440-$1,740 a year.
Milk |$1,800-$2,500 a year.
School hygiene and sanitation |$3,000 a year.
Truck crop |$1,600-$2,400 a year.
Statistical agent |$1,400 a year.
Statistical clerk |$900-$1,200 a year.
Statistical scientist |$1,600-$1,800 a year.
Statistician |$1,800 a year
Statistics, vital, chief statistician for |$3,000 a year.
Steam fitter |$1,200-$2,400 a year.
Steel maker, master |$8 a day.
Stenographer |$1,000-$1,200 a year.
Stenographer and typist |$1,000-$1,200 a year.
Stereotyper |70 cents an hour.
Steward, assistant |$1,080 a year.
Stockman |$3.84-$5.76 a day.
Stock tender |$480 a year.
Storage, specialist in |$1,800-$2,400 a year.
Storehouse arrangement and control, organizer of|$2,400 a year.
Stoveman |$900 a year.
Subclerical-- |
Messenger |$480-$720 a year.
Skilled laborer |$720-$900 a year.
Watchman |$600-$900 a year.
Substation operator, assistant |$900 a year.
Sugar-beet investigations-- |
Agriculturist in |$1,800-$2,100 a year.
Assistant pathologist in |$1,800-$2,400 a year.
Sugar-beet seed production, technologist in |$2,100-$2,500 a year.
Sugar sampler |$1,000-$1,080 a year.
Superintendent-- |
Construction |$1,600-$2,400 a year.
Equipment |$2,400-$2,800 a year.
Forge shop |$8.40-$12 a day.
Indian Reservation |$1,200-$3,000 a year.
Supervising inspector of fruits and vegetables |$2,000-$3,000 a year.
Surveyor |$1,200-$1,800 a year.
Surveys, examiner of |$1,200-$1,500 a year.
Tailor, Indian Service |$600-$1,200 a year.
Teacher-- |
Agriculture |$1,000-$1,200 a year.
Free-hand drawing |$720 a year.
Indian Service |$600-$720 a year.
Kindergarten |$600-$1,200 a year.
Manual training, Indian Service |$720-$1,200 a year.
Philippine |$1,000-$1,500 a year.
Assistant |$1,000 a year.
Technical assistant, Assay Office |$3.50 a day.
Technologist-- |
Mineral |$2,400-$3,600 a year.
Petroleum |$2,500-$3,000 a year.
Chief (Bureau of Mines) |$3,000-$4,800 a year.
Junior |$1,200-$1,500 a year.
Testing engineer, assistant |$1,800-$2,500 a year.
Tests, engineer of |$4,000 a year
Timber cruiser |$1,200 a year.
Tinner, Indian Service |$840 a year.
Tinner and sheet-metal worker |$5.36 a day.
Tobacco examiner |$2,500 a year.
Tobacco investigations, assistant in |$1,200-$1,600 a year.
Toolmaker |$1,500 a year.
Topographer |$2,100 a year.
Junior |$1,500 a year.
Trade commissioner, Bureau of Foreign and |
Domestic Commerce |$10 a day.
Trade commissioner and special agent, Bureau of |
Foreign and Domestic Commerce |$10 a day.
Trade or industrial education, special agent for|$3,000-$3,500 a year.
Traffic, director of |$1,800-$2,400 a year.
Assistant |$1,200-$1,600 a year.
Transferrer-- |
Lithographic |$5.76 a day.
Steel plate |$4.48 a day.
Translator |$1,200-$1,440 a year.
Transportation, assistant in |$1,800-$2,700 a year.
Truck crop specialist |$1,600-$2,400 a year.
Tug master |$4-$4.96 a day.
Typist |$900-$1,200 a year.
Minor |$600-$900 a year.
Unskilled laborer |$480-$720 a year.
Veterinarian |$1,500 a year.
Visual agricultural instruction, assistant in |$2,000 a year.
Warehouse investigations, assistant in |$1,500-$2,100 a year.
Warehouseman |$900 a year.
Seed |$840 a year.
Warehousing-- |
Investigator of |$2,400-$3,600 a year.
Wool, investigator in |$2,200-$3,000 a year.
Watchman |$600-$900 a year.
Mounted |$1,200 a year.
Park |$70 a month.
Watchman-fireman |$600-$840 a year.
Weed investigations, scientific assistant in |$1,200-$1,620 a year.
Weigher |$1,020-$1,200 a year.
Weight clerk |$3.28 a day.
Weights and measures, assistant inspector of |$1,000-$1,600 a year.
Wireman |$900-$1,200 a year.
Yardmaster |$8 a day.
Zoologist, junior |$1,400-$1,800 a year.
------------------------------------------------+---------------------
[1] With subsistence.
PLAN No. 218. WAYSIDE TEA HOUSE
A young woman, living in a big city, wished to live in the country, and
induced her parents to buy a farm of thirty acres some distance away.
But the farm didn’t pay, and the question of making a living became a
serious one.
Several young people of the neighborhood had remarked to the young lady
in question upon the large number of motorists who had stopped at their
house and inquired for refreshments, or for overnight accommodations.
This gave the young lady from the city her idea.
She had a lot of bird houses put up among the trees surrounding the
house, put up a sign, “Bird House Inn,” had the place all lighted by
electricity, increased the kitchen equipment, and awaited results. They
came, and have been coming ever since, for the fame of “Bird House Inn,”
with its daintily cooked yet generous meals, its superior sleeping
accommodations and its home-like restfulness, has spread all over the
land, and the enterprising young lady is reaping a harvest as a result
of her foresight in grasping the opportunity that came to her unbidden.
The rickety old place has become a bower of beauty, a veritable haven of
refuge for the weary traveler, and the young lady who preferred the
country to the city is rejoicing in the happiness she has been the means
of bringing to thousands of other people and to herself.
PLAN No. 219. ILLUSTRATED POULTRY PRIMER
Acknowledgement is due to the United States Dept. of Agriculture for
the following Plan:
HARRY M. LAMON AND JOS. WM. KINGHORN,
Animal Husbandry Division.
The object of this article is to give, by means of photographs and
brief statements, the fundamentals underlying the production of
poultry.
An effort has been made to illustrate the various phases of poultry
production in such a way as to impress upon the reader’s mind the
principles of poultry keeping.
Under “Selecting the Breed,” for example, photographs are shown of the
more popular breeds of each of the three main classes of poultry,
giving the reader an immediate and complete idea of the appearance of
these fowls, the classes to which they belong, and their economical
usefulness. In like manner other essential phases of poultry keeping
are illustrated and discussed.
SELECTING THE BREED
In the selection of a breed or variety of poultry care should be taken
to obtain healthy, vigorous stock.
Beginners are urged to keep but one variety of a breed of fowls. There
is no best breed of poultry. Select the breed that suits your purpose
best.
[Illustration: Mongrel male.]
[Illustration: Standard-bred male.]
Be sure that the male bird at the head of the flock is standard-bred.
A standard-bred male at the head of a mongrel flock will improve the
quality of the stock materially. A mongrel male will produce no
improvement in quality.
_Given the same care and feed, standard-bred fowls will make a greater
profit than mongrel fowls._
[Illustration: A standard-bred flock.]
Standard-bred fowls produce uniform products which bring higher prices.
Standard-bred stock and eggs, sold for breeding purposes, bring higher
prices than market quotations.
Standard-bred fowls can be exhibited and thus compete for prizes.
[Illustration: A mixed or mongrel flock.]
The products from mongrel fowls are not uniform and do not always bring
the highest prices.
Eggs and stock from mongrel fowls are not sold for breeding purposes.
Mongrel fowls are not exhibited in poultry shows or exhibits.
THE GENERAL-PURPOSE BREEDS
The general-purpose breeds are best suited to most farms where the
production of both eggs and meat is desired. The four most popular
representatives of this class are the Plymouth Rock, Wyandotte,
Orpington and Rhode Island Red.
[Illustration: Plymouth Rock.]
[Illustration: Wyandotte.]
[Illustration: Orpington.]
[Illustration: Rhode Island Red.]
All these breeds, with the exception of the Orpington, are of American
origin. They are characterized by having yellow skin and legs, and lay
brown-shelled eggs. The Orpington is of English origin, has a white
skin, and also lays brown-shelled eggs.
For detailed discussion of the various breeds of fowls of American
origin request Farmers’ Bulletin 806 on “Standard Varieties of Chickens.
I. The American Class,” which may be had on application to the U. S.
Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
THE EGG BREEDS
The Mediterranean or egg breeds are best suited for the production of
white-shelled eggs. Representatives of this class are bred largely for
the production of eggs rather than for meat production. Among the
popular breeds of this class are: Leghorn, Minorca, Ancona, and
Andalusian.
[Illustration: Leghorn.]
[Illustration: Minorca.]
[Illustration: Ancona.]
[Illustration: Andalusian.]
One of the outstanding characteristics of the egg breeds is the fact
that they are classed as nonsitters; that is, as a rule they do not
become broody and hatch their eggs. When fowls of this class are kept,
artificial incubation and brooding are usually employed.
For detailed discussion of the various breeds of this class request
Farmers’ Bulletin 898 on “Standard Varieties of Chickens. II. The
Mediterranean Class,” which may be obtained on application to the U. S.
Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
THE MEAT BREEDS
The meat breeds of poultry are primarily kept for the production of meat
rather than for the production of eggs in large quantities.
Representatives of this class are: Langshan, Brahma, Cochin, and
Cornish.
[Illustration: Langshan.]
[Illustration: Brahma.]
[Illustration: Cochin.]
[Illustration: Cornish.]
Although classed as meat breeds representatives of this class are
sometimes kept as general-purpose fowls. Each of these breeds is heavier
and larger in size than the egg breeds or those of the general-purpose
class, and lay brown-shelled eggs.
For further information on the various breeds of this class, request
Farmers’ Bulletin on “Standard Varieties of Chickens. III. The Asiatic,
English, and French Classes,” which may be obtained on application to
the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
BREEDING
Fowls for breeding purposes should be strong, healthy, vigorous birds.
The comb, face, and wattles should be of a bright-red color, eyes bright
and fairly prominent, head comparatively broad and short and not long or
crow-shaped, legs set well apart and straight, plumage clean and smooth.
[Illustration: Females showing high and low vitality. The latter to be
avoided when selecting females for breeding.]
[Illustration: A knock-kneed fowl. The kind to be avoided as a breeder.]
Defects of the kind shown here should be avoided in selecting breeders.
If possible, free range should be provided for the breeding pen.
Usually hens make better breeders than pullets. Cockerels, if well grown
and matured, often give better fertility than older birds. However, cock
birds that have proved good breeders should be used.
[Illustration: _MALE HEADS SHOWING DEFECTIVE COMBS._
_1. THUMB MARK_
_2. LOPPED (SINGLE)_
_3. HOLLOW CENTER_
_4. SIDE SPRIG_
_5. UNEVEN SERRATIONS._
_6. TWISTED_]
[Illustration: _MALES WITH DEFECTIVE TAIL CARRIAGE_
_1. SQUIRREL_
_2. WRY_]
When the breeding flock is confined to a yard, the size of the mating
should be 1 male to 10 or 12 females. When allowed free range, the
number of females can be increased to 20 or 25 with good results.
Matings should be made two weeks before the eggs are saved for
hatching.
[Illustration: A well-ventilated cellar of uniform temperature is an
excellent place to operate the incubator.]
[Illustration: Homemade egg candler. The hole for testing eggs should be
directly opposite the flame of the lamp.]
ARTIFICIAL AND NATURAL INCUBATION AND BROODING
Have everything ready beforehand and start your hatching operations
early in the year. In sections where the climate is temperate, February,
March, and April are the best months for hatching. The early hatched
pullet is the one that begins to lay early in the fall and continues to
lay when eggs are high in price.
[Illustration: A good hatch.]
[Illustration: Dust the hen thoroughly with a good lice powder before
placing her on the nest.]
Select uniform, fairly large sized eggs for hatching.
Operate the incubator according to the manufacturer’s directions to
produce the best results.
Test the eggs for fertility on the seventh and fourteenth days.
Do not open the incubator after the eighteenth day until the chicks are
hatched.
Given proper care and attention, the hen is the most valuable incubator
for the farmer whose poultry operations are of moderate size.
[Illustration: Do not allow the mother hen to range over the farm with
the chicks.]
[Illustration: Confine the mother hen to a brood coop until the chicks
are weaned.]
[Illustration: Toe-mark the chicks as soon as they are hatched. This
enables one to tell their ages later.]
In cool weather place from 10 to 13 eggs under the hen; in warm weather
from 13 to 15 eggs.
Chicks should not receive feed until they are 36 hours old.
When artificial incubation is used, start the brooder a day or two
before putting in the chicks, to see that the heating apparatus is
working properly. Brooder lamps should be cleaned every day.
In the case of hen-hatched broods, the coop for hen and chicks should be
well ventilated, easy to clean, and large enough to insure comfort. To
allow the hen to range over the farm with the chicks will often be the
cause of heavy losses.
For the first three days chicks may be fed a mixture of equal parts of
hard-boiled eggs and rolled oats or stale bread, or stale bread soaked
in milk. When bread and milk are used, care should be taken to squeeze
all the milk out of the bread. From the third or fourth day commercial
chick feed may be fed until the chicks are old enough to eat wheat
screenings or cracked corn.
To insure rapid and uniform growth of the chicks, provide in addition to
a grain feed a dry mash to which the chickens will have access at all
times.
For additional information on incubation and brooding, request Farmers’
Bulletins 585 and 624.
[Illustration: An excellent range providing shade and shelter for
growing chicks.]
If possible locate the brooders on ground that has recently been
cultivated, thereby eliminating the danger of tainted soil and possible
disease.
Chicks having access to a shaded range, such as shown above, develop and
thrive better in warm weather than those not having such range.
For the production of infertile eggs, exhaustive information relating to
the care of poultry and eggs, along with individual advice on such
subjects--write to U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, c/o Animal Husbandry
Division, Washington, D. C.
POULTRY HOUSES AND FIXTURES
Select a location for the poultry house that has natural drainage away
from the building. A dry, porous soil, such as sand or gravelly loam, is
preferable to a clay soil.
[Illustration:
OLD STYLE HEN HOUSE
NO LIGHT--NO VENTILATION POOR RESULTS
SHED
EXCELLENT MATERIAL FOR POULTRY HOUSE
OPEN FRONT HEN HOUSE
SHED BOARDED UP IN FRONT POULTRY NETTING WINDOWS
SIDE VIEW OF HOUSE
CONSTRUCTED FROM OLD SHED
INTERIOR OF SAME HOUSE
GOOD SUNLIGHT CONDITIONS.
1 MOVABLE ROOSTS
2 DROPPING BOARD
3 NESTS
NESTS OPEN FROM FRONT HENS ENTER FROM REAR
MODEL HEN HOUSE
CONSTRUCTED FROM SHED AT LITTLE COST NOTE EFFECTS OF A COAT OF
WHITEWASH
Rebuilding a poultry house out of old lumber at small cost]
The building should face the south or southeast to insure the greatest
amount of sunlight during the winter.
The roosts should be built on the same level, about 3 feet from the
floor with a droppings board about 6 inches below the roosts.
[Illustration: A good interior arrangement for a poultry house, showing
roosts and droppings boards with nests underneath and wire coop at end
for confining broody hens. Note ventilators in back of house and the
abundance of sunlight, which insures a dry house and healthy fowls.]
[Illustration: A partial open-front curtain house is conceded to be the
best type for most sections of temperate climate.]
Good roosts may be made of 2 by 2 inch material with the upper edges
rounded.
The nests may be placed on the side walls or under the droppings boards.
It is best to have them darkened, as hens prefer a secluded place in
which to lay. For further information on poultry house construction
request Farmers’ Bulletin 574.
TRAP NESTS
A trap nest is a laying nest so arranged that after a hen enters it she
is confined until released by the attendant. The trap nest shown in the
accompanying illustration is used with good results on the Government
poultry farm and is very similar to the nest used at the Connecticut
State experiment station. It is very simple and may be built at a small
cost.
[Illustration: Trap nests enable the poultryman to distinguish between
the layers and the drones.]
When possible it is advisable to trap-nest the layers for the following
reasons:
1. To tame the birds, thereby tending toward increased egg production.
2. To furnish definite knowledge concerning traits and habits of
individuals.
3. To furnish the only satisfactory basis for utility or other breeding.
4. To eliminate the nonproductive hen.
5. To add mechanical precision to judgment and experience in developing
and maintaining the utility of a flock.
For further information and plans showing the construction of a trap
nest, send for Farmers’ Bulletin 682, “A Simple Trap Nest for Poultry.”
FEEDING FOR EGG PRODUCTION
_Classification of Poultry Feeds_
=================+=========================+==========================
Nature provides--|Scientific classification| Poultrymen feed--
-----------------+-------------------------+--------------------------
Worms and bugs |Nitrogenous material, or |Meat (Green cut bone or
|protein |beef scrap), milk or
| |cottage cheese.
Seeds |Carbohydrates |Wheat, oats, corn, barley,
| |etc.
Greens |Succulents |Lettuce, cabbage, kale,
| |mangels, alfalfa, clover,
| |sprouted oats, etc.
Grit |Mineral matter |Grit and oyster shell.
Water |Water |Water.
-----------------+-------------------------+--------------------------
[Illustration: A homemade dry-mash hopper.]
[Illustration: Oats in the process of sprouting.]
In order to obtain an abundance of eggs it is necessary to have healthy,
vigorous stock, properly fed.
The following are good grain mixtures for the laying stock, the
proportions being by weight:
Ration 1. Ration 2. Ration 3.
Equal parts of: 3 parts cracked corn. 2 parts cracked corn.
Cracked corn. 2 parts oats. 1 part oats.
Wheat. 1 part wheat.
Oats.
A choice of any one of these rations should be scattered in the litter
twice daily, morning and evening.
[Illustration: Average amount of feed consumed by a laying hen and eggs
produced.]
Either of the following suggested dry-mash mixtures should be fed in a
dry-mash hopper such as illustrated, allowing the fowls to have access
to it at all times.
Mash No. 1. Mash No. 2.
2 parts corn meal. 1 part middlings. 3 parts corn meal.
1 part bran. 1 part beef scrap. 1 part beef scrap.
When fowls do not have access to natural green feed, sprouted oats,
cabbage, mangels, cut clover, etc., should be fed.
When wet mashes are fed, be sure that they are crumbly and not sticky.
Plenty of exercise increases the egg yield.
[Illustration: A rural cafeteria.]
Fresh, clean drinking water should be always provided. Charcoal, grit,
and oyster shell should be placed before the fowls so that they can have
access to them at all times.
For additional information on feeds and feeding request Farmers’
Bulletin 287, “Poultry Management,” and Farmers’ Bulletin 528, “Hints to
Poultry Raisers,” from U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.
C.
[Illustration: To produce infertile eggs confine or dispose of the male
birds. This has no influence on the number of eggs laid by the hens.]
Produce the infertile egg. Infertile eggs are produced by hens that have
no male birds with them.
The following table shows that the losses of fertile eggs are computed
to be nearly twice as great as in the case of infertile eggs.
===============================+========+=========
| Fertile|Infertile
| Eggs | Eggs
-------------------------------+--------+---------
|Per cent|Per cent
On the farm | 29.0 | 15.5
At country store | 7.1 | 4.0
Transportation to packing house| 6.4 | 4.7
+--------+---------
Total | 42.5 | 24.2
-------------------------------+--------+---------
MARKETING THE PRODUCT
The hen’s greatest egg-producing periods are the first, second, and
third years, depending upon the breed. The heavier breeds, such as
Plymouth Rocks, may be profitably kept for two years; the lighter
breeds, such as Leghorns, three years.
Market white-shelled and brown-shelled eggs in separate packages. Eggs
irregular in shape, those which are unusually long or thin-shelled, or
which have shells otherwise defective, should be kept by the producer
for home use, so that breakage in transit may be reduced as much as
possible.
[Illustration: Uniform products command the best prices. Standard-bred
fowls produce uniform products.]
For additional information on packing and shipping eggs by parcel post
request Farmers’ Bulletin 830, “Marketing Eggs by Parcel Post,” issued
by the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
[Illustration: Extremely large, small and soiled eggs should not be
marketed; use them at home. All the eggs above were produced by a farm
flock of mixed or mongrel fowls.]
Eggs from “stolen” nests should not be marketed; they are of unknown age
and quality and should be used at home.
When taking eggs to market, protect them from the sun’s rays in warm
weather. Ship or deliver eggs twice or three times weekly.
Notice the candler has places for the good eggs as well as for checks
(cracked eggs), dirty eggs and “rots.” When selling eggs insist that
they be bought on a quality basis.
[Illustration: The result of a trip under the corncrib.]
[Illustration: Everybody in the shade except the eggs.]
Infertile eggs will withstand marketing conditions much better than
fertile eggs.
All cockerels not intended to be kept or sold for breeders should be
marketed when they reach suitable size. Such birds confined in a
homemade fattening battery or coop and fed a fattening ration for a week
or ten days will not only increase in weight but bring a better price on
the market, because of improved quality.
[Illustration: A shipment of eggs on the railroad station platform,
exposed to the sun.]
[Illustration: Candling eggs for quality.]
CAPONIZING
A capon is an unsexed male bird, which when mature is of larger size and
more desirable for eating than cockerels or cocks.
[Illustration: A Buff Orpington cock.]
[Illustration: A Buff Orpington capon.]
By following directions and with a little practice, poultrymen will find
caponizing a simple operation. For detailed information on caponizing,
request Farmers’ Bulletin 849.
[Illustration: Boys caponizing a cockerel.]
LICE AND MITES
The free use of an effective lice powder is always advisable. A dust
bath, consisting of road dust and wood ashes, is essential in ridding
fowls of lice.
Sodium fluorid, a white powder which can be obtained from druggists, is
also effective. Apply a pinch of the powder at the base of the feathers
on the head, neck, back, breast, below the vent, base of tail, both
thighs, and on the underside of each wing.
An effective remedy for lice on chicks is a small quantity of melted
lard rubbed under the wings and on top of the chick’s head.
[Illustration: Applying sodium fluorid.]
The free use of kerosene or crude oil on the roosts and in the cracks of
the house will help to exterminate mites.
Whitewash is effective against all vermin.
It is possible and thoroughly practicable to keep the poultry flock
reasonably free from lice and mites. Such practices should be the aim of
every one who is endeavoring to establish a successful flock of poultry.
For complete information on mites and lice, request Farmers’ Bulletin
801.
[Illustration: A bad case of roup.]
COMMON DISEASES AND TREATMENT
All diseased birds should be isolated.
Colds and roup.--Disinfect the drinking water as follows: To each gallon
of water add one tablespoonful of sodium sulphite or as much potassium
permanganate as will remain on the surface of a dime.
[Illustration: Chicken pox.]
Chicken pox.--Put a touch of iodin on each sore and apply carbolated
vaseline.
Gapes.--Fresh ground and vigorous cultivation will often remedy this
trouble, which is caused by small gapeworms that live in the soil and
attach themselves to the inside of the throat.
[Illustration: Limberneck.]
Diarrhea in hens.--Low-grade wheat flour or middlings is good for this
trouble. A teaspoonful of castor oil containing 5 drops of oil of
turpentine to each fowl is also good.
[Illustration: Scaly legs.]
Bumblefoot.--When the feet are badly swollen, a small cut should be made
with a clean, sharp knife, and the pus removed. Wash the wound out with
equal parts of hydrogen peroxide and water, grease with vaseline, and
bandage.
Limberneck.--A teaspoonful of castor oil given to the fowl will
sometimes effect a cure.
Scaly legs.--Apply vaseline containing 2 per cent of creolin to the
affected parts and after 24 hours soak in warm, soapy water. Repeat
treatment until cured.
For a detailed discussion of the foregoing and other poultry diseases,
request Farmers’ Bulletin 957, “Important Poultry Diseases.”
NINE ESSENTIAL FEATURES FOR PROFITABLE POULTRY KEEPING
1. KEEP BETTER POULTRY:
Standard-bred poultry increases production and improves the quality.
2. SELECT VIGOROUS BREEDERS:
Healthy, vigorous breeders produce strong chicks.
3. HATCH THE CHICKS EARLY:
Early hatched pullets produce fall and winter eggs.
4. PRESERVE EGGS FOR HOME USE:
Preserve when cheap for use when high in price.
5. PRODUCE INFERTILE EGGS:
They keep better. Fertile eggs are necessary for hatching only.
6. CULL THE FLOCKS:
Eliminate unprofitable producers and reduce the feed bill.
7. KEEP A BACK-YARD FLOCK:
A small flock in the back yard will supply the family table.
8. GROW YOUR POULTRY FEED:
Home-grown feed insures an available and economical supply.
9. EAT MORE POULTRY AND EGGS:
Poultry and eggs are highly nutritious foods.
For further information or individual advice on poultry raising write to
your State Agricultural College, or to the Animal Husbandry Division,
Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D. C.
PLAN No. 221. RAISING CANARIES
A Philadelphia lady who was fond of canaries, and was an adept in their
breeding and care, netted over $1,000 every year by raising these
beautiful songsters and selling them to people of wealth in various
parts of that city. But to make a success of this venture, one must
thoroughly understand canaries from every point of view.
PLAN No. 222. LAUNDERING LINGERIE
A Chicago woman, made a comfortable living by laundering and mending
lace and other fine articles of women’s wear, which could not be
entrusted to a washer woman. She went among the wealthy people and
solicited this work.
PLAN No. 223. SMALL-TOWN MANICURING
A young lady, in a Western Washington town, too small to support a
professional manicurist, made a good living by studying up on the
treatment and care of the nails and hands, and offering her services to
the well-to-do people of her town. They were greatly pleased that they
could have this service performed for them without going to the city,
and kept the young lady busy, at a compensation that afforded her an
excellent living.
PLAN No. 224. SHAMPOOING AND HAIR DRESSING
A woman who lived in a small town some distance from a city, where there
were many families of wealth, found field for her talents in shampooing
and dressing the hair of women and children. Possessing a pleasing
personality, she called upon the leading ladies of the place and offered
to come to their homes at stated intervals, for the purpose of caring
for the hair of the ladies and their daughters, at a stipulated sum per
hour, assuring them of satisfactory service. Her offer was accepted by
most of the women she visited, and she found her time fully occupied.
PLAN No. 225. MARKETING EGGS BY PARCEL POST
Acknowledgment is due to the United States Department of Agriculture for
the following plan.
Contribution from the Bureau of Markets, Charles J. Brand, Chief.
Whether the marketing of eggs by parcel post should be attempted by any
particular producer will depend on his present available markets, the
possibility of securing a satisfactory customer or customers, and the
care taken to follow tested and approved methods in preparing the eggs
for shipment. Failures in attempting to ship eggs by parcel post have
resulted because proper precautions as to package or container, packing,
and labeling were not observed.
This article presents conclusions from investigations made by the Office
of Markets and Rural Organization in cooperation with the Post Office
Department and gives detailed information as to the use of the parcel
post.
[Illustration]
The practicability of shipping eggs by parcel post is demonstrated by
the fact that more parcels of eggs than of any other one product pass
through the mails. In order to test various methods of packing and
handling eggs the Office of Markets and Rural Organization has shipped
more than 700 dozen eggs through the mails from various points, under
various conditions, and in different types of containers, without undue
loss, either in the expense of shipment or the condition of the eggs on
reaching the consumer’s kitchen.
While the great bulk of eggs which come from distant producing territory
will continue to be shipped by other methods, it is no doubt true that
many cities can be supplied with a considerable portion of their fresh
eggs from within the first and second zones by parcel post to the
advantage of both producer and consumer. By such direct contact the
producer should secure somewhat better prices for his eggs than are
realized by present methods of marketing, and the consumer should obtain
a fresher quality at no increased cost, or, frequently, even at a
reduction in price. The producer who does not have satisfactory
marketing facilities may find in the parcel post a means of solving his
egg-marketing problems. This applies especially to the man whose flock
is so small that he can not make case shipments, i. e., shipments in the
regular 30-dozen-size egg case.
SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL SHIPMENTS
Four hundred and sixty-six shipments were made in the experiments. They
comprised a total of 760¹¹⁄₁₂ dozens, or 9,131 eggs, in lots of from 1
dozen to 10 dozen each. The number of eggs broken was 327, or slightly
less than 3.6 per cent of the whole number. Of these, 209 eggs, or
slightly less than 2.3 per cent, were broken too badly to use; the
remaining 118 were usable. If 91 eggs broken in parcels known to have
received violent usage be eliminated, the breakage resulting in loss is
less than 1.3 per cent.
The instructions issued by the Post Office Department for the handling
of fragile mail matter (which includes eggs) are carefully drawn and
quite ample. If the proper preparations were made for mailing, and if
all employees of the Postal Service could be educated to observe the
instructions faithfully, the breakage could be reduced to a negligible
minimum.
These experimental shipments were made over various routes and
distances, including not only local shipments over short routes but
points as far away from Washington as Minneapolis, Minn., and the Rocky
Mountains. They began in October, 1913, and extended to February, 1914,
thus including the holiday rush. The shipments were sufficiently
numerous to justify the conclusion that eggs can be shipped by mail
satisfactorily under the existing postal provisions, provided these are
rigorously observed.
THE EGGS
The successful use of the parcel post for marketing eggs imposes the
need of great care on the producer. Only such eggs should be shipped as
are produced by healthy fowls kept under proper sanitary conditions and
supplied with sound, wholesome feed. If possible, only infertile eggs
should be produced for market; fertile eggs deteriorate rapidly and are
the cause of much loss. A broody hen on the nest, or exposure to a
temperature from other sources sufficient to start incubation, causes
all such eggs to be rejected when they are candled. Eggs should be cared
for carefully, beginning with keeping the fowls, under such conditions
that the eggs will not be soiled in the nest by mud from the feet of the
hens or otherwise; they should be gathered at least once a day (twice
would be better) and should be stored in a well-ventilated place, which
must be kept as cool as possible. Eggs intended for high-class trade
should never be washed, as washing removes the natural mucilaginous
coating of the egg and opens the pores of the shell. Eggs which are
soiled should be kept for home use or disposed of otherwise than to a
parcel-post customer.
In spite of the greatest care it will sometimes happen under ordinary
farm conditions that an occasional bad egg will appear among those sent
to market. It would be wise to candle every egg shipped. Candling is
“the process of testing eggs by passing light through them so as to
reveal the condition of the contents.” A simple candling outfit may be
made of an ordinary pasteboard box sufficiently large to be placed over
a small hand lamp after the ends have been removed. The box should have
a hole cut in it on a level with the flame of the lamp. Several notches
should be cut in the edges on which the box rests, to supply air to the
lamp. The box should be sufficiently large to prevent danger from
catching fire. The one shown in figure 1 is made of corrugated
pasteboard; ordinary pasteboard will serve the purpose. Candling is done
in the dark, or at least away from strong light, and each egg is held
against the hole in the side of the box, when its condition may be seen.
An egg that shows any defect should not be marketed.
[Illustration: Fig. 1.--This cut illustrates a homemade candling outfit,
consisting of small lamp and corrugated pasteboard box.]
Only first-class eggs can be marketed successfully by parcel post. The
shipping of bad eggs not only will cause dissatisfaction or even loss of
the customer, but, in interstate shipments, will violate the Federal
food law if there are more than 5 per cent of bad eggs in a shipment.
The limit allowed, however, is no excuse for any bad eggs among those
marketed.
Persons desiring to build up a business of marketing eggs by this method
should hatch their chicks early enough to have them begin laying in the
fall season, when eggs are scarce and high priced. This will also result
in more evenly distributed production throughout the year.
PRESERVING EGGS IN WATER GLASS
In the spring, when they are plentiful, eggs may be preserved for home
use in a solution of water glass, so that those laid during the fall and
winter season may be available for marketing. A standard grade of water
glass can be obtained at drug stores for 75 cents per gallon, if bought
in moderately large quantities. Each quart of water glass should be
diluted with 10 quarts of water which has been boiled and cooled. Only
strictly fresh, newly laid, clean eggs should be placed in the
solution. The eggs may be packed in stone jars or crocks which have been
washed thoroughly in scalding water and the water-glass solution poured
over them, or the eggs may be placed daily in the solution by putting
them down in it carefully by hand so as to avoid breaking or cracking
them. The solution at all times should cover the eggs to a depth of at
least 2 inches. The solution will not injure the hands. The jars should
be put in a cool and preferably dark place before the eggs are deposited
in them, and should not be moved, because breakage and loss may result.
The water-glass solution may become cloudy, but this is a natural
condition and should cause no alarm.
[Illustration: Fig. 2.--This illustration shows two 2-dozen size
corrugated pasteboard egg boxes. The one to the left is closed. The
other is taken apart to show construction. The two inner pieces of the
case fold around the egg fillers and slip into the outer case shown on
top. In filling, the box is not taken completely apart but only opened
up properly.]
Eggs thus kept are good for all purposes, but the shells break rather
easily in boiling. This trouble can be prevented by puncturing the end
of the shell with a pin or needle just before boiling. Perhaps an
occasional customer will be willing to buy eggs preserved in water
glass, but they should be sold for just what they are and at a price
mutually agreed upon by the producer and customer.
CONTAINERS
Experience has shown that frequently parcels are mailed in containers
not sufficiently strong and inadequately prepared and protected. These
are a cause of complaint. While the containers often can be secured more
easily by the consumer, the producer should make it a point to secure,
through his local dealer or otherwise, such containers or carriers as
meet the requirements of the postal authorities and such as will carry
the particular product in a satisfactory manner, so that he may have
uniformity in them when he is shipping to a number of customers. Uniform
containers and uniform pack are economical and desirable; otherwise he
may lose his customer, and should the container or carrier not be
sufficiently stout to stand the service it will not be worth returning
as an “empty” to use again.
The postal requirements for mailing eggs for local delivery are as
follows:
Eggs shall be accepted for local delivery when so packed in a basket
or other container as to prevent damage to other mail matter.
[Illustration: Fig. 3.--This picture shows a 10-dozen size box of
corrugated pasteboard. The eggs are placed in four layers of 30 each.]
This embraces all collection and delivery service within the
jurisdiction of the postmaster of the office where the parcel is mailed.
Eggs to be sent beyond the local office are to be prepared for mailing
as follows:
Eggs shall be accepted for mailing regardless of distance when each
egg is wrapped separately and surrounded with excelsior, cotton, or
other suitable material and packed in a strong container made of
double-faced corrugated pasteboard, metal, wood, or other suitable
material and wrapped so that nothing can escape from the package. All
such parcels shall be labeled “Eggs.”
Eggs in parcels weighing more than 20 pounds shall be accepted for
mailing to offices in the first and second zones when packed in
crates, boxes, buckets, or other containers having tight bottoms to
prevent the escape of anything from the package and so constructed as
properly to protect the contents. Such packages to be marked
“Eggs--This side up,” and to be transported outside of mail bags.
The ideal container must be simple in construction, efficient in
service, and cheap. Simplicity of construction is essential, so that it
may be assembled and packed or filled readily and rapidly. Any part
which is to be opened should be so marked or notched as to indicate the
part to pull up or out. It must be efficient in service to insure
satisfaction to the shipper and to the receiver, and also to prevent
damage to other mail matter by possible breakage and leakage. It must be
inexpensive or it will defeat the object to be attained, which is a
reduction of the cost of handling between producer and consumer.
[Illustration: Fig. 4.--This photograph shows a fiber-board box filled
with corrugated-pasteboard lining and fillers, or partitions, of the
same material. Each egg has a wrap of one-faced corrugated pasteboard.
The lining is raised to show the eggs; it shows dark against the lid.]
Trials of many different styles and makes of containers or cartons for
shipping eggs by parcel post were made. Quite a number proved
satisfactory in extended trials. A few of them are illustrated in these
pages for the purpose of showing in a general way their appearance and
construction. Any container which meets the postal requirements and
which serves the purpose properly can be used.
_Information Relative to Securing Containers_
The experiment stations in the various States have information as to
containers for parcel-post shipments of eggs, in consumer-size lots, and
persons desiring information of this kind should not address the United
States Department of Agriculture, but should address the director of
the experiment station in their own States. The following list gives the
post-office address of each station:
Alabama:
Auburn.
Tuskegee Institute.
Alaska: Sitka.
Arizona: Tucson.
Arkansas: Fayetteville.
California: Berkeley.
Colorado: Fort Collins.
Connecticut:
New Haven.
Storrs.
Delaware: Newark.
Florida: Gainesville.
Georgia: Experiment.
Guam: Guam.
Hawaii: Honolulu.
Idaho: Moscow.
Illinois: Urbana.
Indiana: Lafayette.
Iowa: Ames.
Kansas: Manhattan.
Kentucky: Lexington.
Louisiana: Baton Rouge.
Maine: Orono.
Maryland: College Park.
Massachusetts: Amherst.
Michigan: East Lansing.
Minnesota: University Farm, St. Paul.
Mississippi: Agricultural College.
Missouri: Columbia.
Montana: Bozeman.
Nebraska: Lincoln.
Nevada: Reno.
New Hampshire: Durham.
New Jersey: New Brunswick.
New Mexico: State College.
New York:
Geneva.
Ithaca.
North Carolina: Raleigh.
North Dakota: Agricultural College.
Ohio: Wooster.
Oklahoma: Stillwater.
Oregon: Corvallis.
Pennsylvania: State College.
Porto Rico: Mayaguez.
Rhode Island: Kingston.
South Carolina: Clemson College.
South Dakota: Brookings.
Tennessee: Knoxville.
Texas: College Station.
Utah: Logan.
Vermont: Burlington.
Virginia: Blacksburg.
Washington: Pullman.
West Virginia: Morgantown.
Wisconsin: Madison.
Wyoming: Laramie.
PACKING EGGS FOR SHIPMENT
The eggs for packing, if the trade requires it or if it can be done
without any disadvantage, should be assorted as to size and color. Eggs
irregular in shape, those which are unusually long or thin-shelled, or
which have shells otherwise defective, should be kept by the producer
for home use, so that breakage in transit may be reduced as much as
possible.
Regardless of the particular style or design of the container used, each
egg should be wrapped according to parcel-post requirements, so that it
will not shake about. Square-block tissue paper, which comes in packages
of 500 sheets each, soft wrapping paper, or newspaper, should be used
around each egg. Should the eggs shake about in the container, the
danger of breakage in handling is increased.
From the experimental shipments that have been made, it is clear that
the packing should be attended to carefully. A little practice will
enable the packer to do his work rapidly.
_Weight of Egg Parcels_
Average hens’ eggs will weigh about 1¹⁄₂ pounds to the dozen, or 2
ounces apiece. The weight of a single dozen of eggs in a carton properly
packed and wrapped for mailing will run from 2 to 3 pounds, depending on
the nature of the particular container, the size of the eggs, and the
packing and wrapping used. If the container be a very light one and the
eggs small, the parcel may fall within the 2-pound limit, and the
postage, therefore, within the first and second zones, or 150-mile
limit, would be six cents. Most parcels containing a dozen eggs will
exceed 2 pounds but will not reach 3; therefore the postage on them will
be 7 cents within the first and second zones. A parcel containing 2
dozen eggs will add perhaps 2 cents to the postage, though sometimes
only 1 cent, depending on the nature of the container and the packing
and wrapping.
It should be observed that the larger the parcel (within the size and
weight limits) the cheaper is the postage, as the first pound of every
package costs 5 cents within the first and second zones, while each
additional pound, up to 50, costs but 1 cent; so that while a 1-pound
parcel would cost 5 cents postage, a 2-pound parcel would cost only 6
cents, or 3 cents a pound. A 20-pound parcel would cost 24 cents, or
1¹⁄₅ cents per pound, and a 50-pound parcel would cost 54 cents, or but
1²⁄₂₅ cents per pound.
_Shipping Eggs for Hatching Purposes_
[Illustration: Fig. 5.--This illustration shows 20-pound parcel-post
scales, which will be found quite convenient for many household purposes
requiring a small scale.]
Shipping eggs intended for hatching purposes in the style of containers
illustrated in this bulletin has been found satisfactory to a great many
poultry breeders. Those who do not favor this way of packing can use the
method ordinarily employed when eggs are to be shipped by express, which
is covered by the following postal regulation:
Eggs for hatching shall be accepted for mailing, regardless of
distance, when each egg is wrapped separately and surrounded with
excelsior, wood-wool, or other suitable material and packed in a
basket, preferably with a handle, or other suitable container, lined
with paper, fiber-board or corrugated pasteboard, in such a way that
nothing can escape from the package. Such parcels shall be labeled
“Eggs for hatching.” “Keep from heat and cold.” “Please handle with
care,” or other suitable words, and shall be handled outside of mail
sacks.
The person receiving eggs for hatching should place them on the small
end in bran or similar substance for 24 hours, in order that the germs
may settle thoroughly before incubation is started.
_Supplies for Shippers_
As the postal regulations require that every parcel must have on it the
name and address of the sender preceded by the word “From,” each person
shipping eggs by parcel post will find it convenient to have a rubber
stamp similar to the following:
From
William Smith,
Rural Corners, Pa.
The stamp and an inking pad will cost about 50 cents.
The postal regulations also require that parcels containing eggs are to
be marked “Eggs.” For this purpose a rubber stamp having letters
one-half inch high and reading “Eggs” should be used to stamp this word
on each side of the parcel. Thus the nature of the contents will be
apparent no matter which side is in view.
The sender will soon learn how much postage each size of parcel
requires. Parcel-post scales can be secured at reasonable prices. Scales
are needed in the farm home on many occasions, and the parcel-post type
will serve these other purposes also. They can be had for $2.50 and
weigh up to 20 pounds. (See fig. 5.) “Union” scales having both a
platform and a scoop attachment and weighing up to 200 or 300 pounds can
be had for from $6 to $12, if desired.
Boxes, wrapping paper, and twine should be bought in as large quantities
as possible (say a year’s supply at a time), so that lower prices may be
obtained. With proper organization it will be possible for several
farmers to join in ordering containers by the thousand and other
supplies in correspondingly large quantities.
_Economical Size of Parcels_
In arranging with the customer as to the size and frequency of shipments
it is wise to take into consideration the fact that the larger the
parcel sent (i. e., the more eggs sent in one parcel) the cheaper will
be the postage per dozen. It would be much more economical for the
family that uses, say, 4 dozens a week to have them sent in a 4-dozen
parcel once a week than to have them sent in two 2-dozen parcels at
different times during the week; and the eggs, if produced under proper
conditions and properly kept, would not deteriorate to any appreciable
extent in that length of time. The same principle would hold good
regardless of quantity used.
Considering the cost of the container and the postage, the consumer
usually will find it no economy to buy eggs for food by parcel post in
less than 2-dozen lots.
_Wrapping and Addressing Parcels_
The appearance of the parcel depends largely upon the manner in which it
is wrapped. Odds and ends of paper and twine are not desirable for this
purpose. Every producer who aims to make a business of shipping eggs by
parcel post should procure a supply of good tough paper of the proper
size to wrap his parcels, and also good, strong, though not too heavy,
cord or twine that stretches very little.
No matter what the design of the container there is always danger,
should the parcel be subjected to excessive pressure or violence in any
form, that the eggs may be broken and the contents leak out. In a large
number of experiments it was found that when parcels were properly
wrapped with good paper, even though there were quite a number of broken
eggs in the parcel, in only a few cases did any leakage of the contents
damage other mail matter. A container badly stained from broken eggs
should not be used again. Better a little less profit on a shipment of
eggs than a displeased customer, who, displeased a few times, will cease
to be a customer.
It is a simple matter to wrap the parcels both rapidly and neatly. A
little attention to the best manner of folding the paper in completing
the wrapping will result in a securely and neatly covered package. This
applies to parcels weighing less than 20 pounds--parcels exceeding 20
pounds need not be wrapped.
To insure prompt delivery the address should be written plainly on the
wrapping of the parcel. Much mail matter is delayed or altogether fails
to reach its destination because of an incomplete or poorly written
address.
_Inclosures_
An inclosure stating the number of eggs and the price may be placed in
the parcel, but no message of any kind may be included, as that would
subject the package to the first-class postage rate.
UNPACKING EGGS WHEN RECEIVED
The person receiving the eggs should unpack them immediately to see if
any have been broken. It may be desirable to have instructions printed
on the outside of the container, and the following are suggested:
“Please unpack and examine at once to see condition and to give proper
attention.”
Whether or not this is printed on the container, the shipper should have
a distinct understanding with the consumer that this is to be done with
every parcel received, so that information as to any unsatisfactory
condition may be promptly obtained.
RETURNING EMPTY CONTAINERS
Many shippers will doubtless find it desirable and economical to have
the customer save the containers and return them after a sufficient
number have accumulated. When so returned the postage on empty cases
still in usable condition is less than the cost of new ones. The
consumer should receive credit for the postage required to return them.
Many of the containers are made in “knocked-down” style, i. e., to take
apart and fold so they can be made into a much smaller package or
parcel. Containers which are knocked down to be returned should be
packed in such a way that there will be no edges or points projecting
without support or protection, as such projections are likely to be
broken or crushed in the mails.
The cost of the container is necessarily included in the price of the
eggs to the consumer. It is therefore to the interest of the consumer to
take proper care of containers and to save or return all that are in
usable condition. Since the return of containers will have some effect
on the price of the eggs, the proper spirit of thrift should cause the
consumer to take care of all returnable empties and to send them back in
accordance with whatever agreement or understanding may exist between
the producer and himself.
METHOD OF BRINGING PRODUCER AND CONSUMER TOGETHER
One of the problems to the average farmer is how to secure customers who
desire eggs direct from the farm. In other words, the question is, “How
shall I come in contact with the person who wants my product?”
An occasional contact may be secured through acquaintance in the city or
town where a parcel-post market is sought. Contact might also be secured
by a small advertisement in a city or town paper, stating the number of
eggs available per week. The postmasters in a number of large cities
have issued lists of consumers which ought to be helpful. In France city
dwellers make these business arrangements in summer when in the country
on their holiday. Consumers who will not take trouble about these
relatively small things should not complain of the high cost of food
products.
Additional contact ought to be more easily obtained than the original
contact, for the simple reason that if a producer supplies satisfactory
eggs the person receiving them is almost sure to obtain other customers
for him by speaking well of his product. It might be said that the
reputation a parcel-post shipper makes with his first customers will
very largely determine his success or failure in marketing by this
method.
The matter of holding business once secured and securing additional
business is important. One of the serious drawbacks of ordinary farming
is the great irregularity of income during the year. The development of
a regular parcel-post business in eggs and the numerous other products
that may be marketed by this means will increase the income and
distribute it better throughout the year. Once a customer has been
secured, every endeavor should be made to furnish strictly high-grade
goods and to deal fairly, promptly, and satisfactorily, so that the
customer may be retained. When a reputation has been established for
products of high quality and for fair dealing, the holding of customers
and securing new ones will be a comparatively simple matter.
FIXING FAIR PRICES
As the object of parcel-post dealing is to get slightly increased prices
for the producer and better products at the same price, or the same
class of products at lower prices, for the consumer, the question of
arriving at prices fair to both is important. It is also difficult.
It is not likely, at least not for some time to come, that eggs will be
marketed so largely by parcel post that the ordinary marketing
quotations can not be depended upon in arriving at prices.
It ought to be a comparatively easy matter for a producer and a consumer
to agree upon a stipulated market quotation as the basis for determining
the price to be paid. A consumer may desire 5 dozen eggs per week, the
price to be agreed upon being the number of cents per dozen above the
wholesale quotation for the best grade of eggs on the market that week.
The necessary relations in this matter can be maintained only by
scrupulous honesty and well-founded mutual trust.
CONTRACTS OR AGREEMENTS BETWEEN PRODUCER AND CONSUMER
The nature of the agreement between the producer and the consumer,
whether reduced to writing or not, should be made to suit the
circumstances and must be fair to both. Perhaps the first agreement made
should be in writing; but later, if mutual confidence and trust have
been thoroughly established, the contract may be verbal.
The matter of frequency and method of payment can be arranged in
various ways. For the first agreement term, which may be a year or
less, cash in advance might be satisfactory, until a definite system of
orders and payments is established.
The agreement should specify:
(1) The names of the parties to the agreement.
(2) The length of time during which the agreement is to be in force.
(3) The number of eggs to be shipped each week during the time the
contract runs, and also the frequency of shipment and the number in
each shipment.
(4) Price to be paid during the time of the contract, together with
the base on which the price is fixed.
(5) Method of adjusting claims for broken or bad eggs.
(6) The consumer should open boxes properly (without cutting or
tearing), and should take proper care of them and return them by mail
as desired by the producer.
(7) Frequency of payment and manner of remitting; postage paid on
empties returned to the producer to be credited to the consumer on
next bill rendered.
For the reason that eggs are in very abundant supply in the spring
season and in very short supply in the fall and early winter season, the
contract should specify quantity to be supplied each week throughout the
year. The producer can not expect the consumer to take all the eggs that
are to be marketed in the season of greatest production, nor can the
consumer expect to get as many eggs as he wishes in the season of lowest
production; and these two extremes should be thoroughly understood and
specifically mentioned in the agreement, so as to have no
misunderstanding regarding them.
In the season of short supply the consumer might be willing to try some
eggs preserved in water glass, thereby relieving the situation.
The producer in making an agreement with a consumer should undertake to
replace or allow for eggs lost by breakage in shipping. Should this
provision in the agreement be abused by any consumer it might be
sufficient reason to refuse to contract again with that consumer, and of
course satisfactory evidence of unusual breakage would need to be
produced, and it might even be necessary to locate the cause of the
breakage in the mails.
The following is a suggested form of agreement:
THIS Article of Agreement made this ...... day of ......, 1917, by and
between JOHN DOE, of DOEVILLE, DOE County, Va., party of the first
part, and RICHARD ROE, of 298 Bahama Avenue, Washington, D. C., party
of the second part.
WITNESSETH, That for the price of .... cents (....) per dozen above
the wholesale price for best eggs quoted in the “Blankville News” on
Tuesday of each week, the party of the first part agrees to supply the
party of the second part .... (....) dozens of eggs weekly for the
remainder of the calendar year 1917, each weekly consignment to be
shipped in one parcel.
Payments are to be made every four weeks on bill rendered by party of
the first part to party of the second part after making proper
allowance for eggs broken beyond use and for eggs otherwise unusable.
The party of the second part is to receive credit for postage on
empties returned and agrees to take proper care of containers, open
them properly (without cutting or tearing), and to return them to the
party of the first part as party of the first part may desire.
If party of the first part require it, party of the second part agrees
to return containers with broken eggs in place if he claims they are
damaged beyond use.
PARCEL POST ZONES
The United States is divided into “units,” each one of which is
numbered, as illustrated by the accompanying section of map. (See fig.
6.) The center of each unit constitutes the center of the zones for all
post offices within that unit. The first zone consists of any given unit
together with all the adjoining units, even though they but touch at the
corner. The second zone embraces all those units within a radius of
150 miles from the center of any given unit, and the whole of any unit,
any part of which is touched by this 150-mile boundary line, is
considered entirely within that zone.
[Illustration: FIG. 6.--This illustration shows a section of Parcel Post
Zone Map for Washington, D. C., and all other post offices in Unit
1071.]
There is separate zone map for each unit. The accompanying illustration
shows a section of the map for the unit in which Washington is located.
The second circle shows the nominal boundary of zone 2; but owing to the
fact that all units which are touched by this boundary line fall
entirely within the second zone, the units which are bounded by the
heavy line (outside the second curved line) are entirely within zone 2.
This principle applies to all other zones; that is, any unit which is
touched at any point by the boundary of a given zone lies wholly within
that given zone and is so considered for the purposes of the parcel-post
service.
Particular description is here given of the first and second zones
because of the fact that the great bulk of the shipping of farm products
by parcel post is likely to be done within these zones. The rate can be
ascertained readily from the accompanying tables.
_Local parcel post rates_
======+=======
Pounds|Postage
------+-------
|_Cents_
1 | 5
2 | 6
3 | 6
4 | 7
5 | 7
6 | 8
7 | 8
8 | 9
9 | 9
10 | 10
11 | 10
12 | 11
13 | 11
14 | 12
15 | 12
16 | 13
17 | 13
18 | 14
19 | 14
20 | 15
21 | 15
22 | 16
23 | 16
24 | 17
25 | 17
26 | 18
27 | 18
28 | 19
29 | 19
30 | 20
31 | 20
32 | 21
33 | 21
34 | 22
35 | 22
36 | 23
37 | 23
38 | 24
39 | 24
40 | 25
41 | 25
42 | 26
43 | 26
44 | 27
45 | 27
46 | 28
47 | 28
48 | 29
49 | 29
50 | 30
------+-------
Fifty pounds is the weight limit for local delivery. These rates are 5
cents for the first pound and 1 cent additional for each 2 pounds or
fraction thereof; they apply to any parcel-post matter that does not go
beyond the jurisdiction of the mailing office.
_First and second zone parcel-post rates_
======+=======
Pounds|Postage
------+-------
|_Cents_
1 | 5
2 | 6
3 | 7
4 | 8
5 | 9
6 | 10
7 | 11
8 | 12
9 | 13
10 | 14
11 | 15
12 | 16
13 | 17
14 | 18
15 | 19
16 | 20
17 | 21
18 | 22
19 | 23
20 | 24
21 | 25
22 | 26
23 | 27
24 | 28
25 | 29
26 | 30
27 | 31
28 | 32
29 | 33
30 | 34
31 | 35
32 | 36
33 | 37
34 | 38
35 | 39
36 | 40
37 | 41
38 | 42
39 | 43
40 | 44
41 | 45
42 | 46
43 | 47
44 | 48
45 | 49
46 | 50
47 | 51
48 | 52
49 | 53
50 | 54
------+-------
The weight limit within the first and second zones is 50 pounds. These
rates apply to all points within the first and second zones, as there is
no difference in rates between these two zones. A simple rule to
determine the postage on any parcel not going beyond the second zone is
to add 4 to the number of pounds, and the resulting number is the
postage required in cents. Example: A parcel weighs 13 pounds and 11
ounces; this will require postage on 14 pounds (as any fraction of a
pound is considered a full pound); 14 + 4 = 18 cents postage.
The weight limit for the third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and
eighth zones is 20 pounds. Any information desired in regard to rates,
zones, and other postal matters can be obtained from any post office.
_Measurement Limits for Parcel-Post Mail Matter_