THE FIRST AND SECOND DISCOUERY

OF THE GULFE OF CALIFORNIA, AND OF THE SEA COAST ON THE NORTHWEST OR

BACK-SIDE OF AMERICA, LYING TO THE WEST OF NEW MEXICO, CIBOLA AND

QUIUIRA, TOGETHER WITH SIR FRANCIS DRAKES LANDING AND TAKING

POSSESSION VPON NOUA ALBION IN THE BEHALFE OF THE CROWNE OF

ENGLAND, AND THE NOTABLE VOYAGE OF FRANCIS GAULE; WHEREIN AMONGST

MANY OTHER MEMORABLE MATTERS IS SET DOWNE THE HUGE BREDTH OF THE

OCEAN SEA FROM CHINA AND IAPAN TO THE NORTHWEST PARTS OF AMERICA,

IN THE 38. AND 40. DEGREES.

A relation of the discouery, which in the Name of God the Fleete of

the right noble Fernando Cortez Marques of the Vally, made with

three ships; The one called Santa Agueda of 120. tunnes, the

other the Trinitie of 35. tunnes, and the thirde S. Thomas of the

burden of 20. tunnes. Of which Fleete was Captaine the right

worshipfull knight Francis de Vlloa borne in the Citie of Merida.

Taken out of the third volume of the voyages gathered by M. Iohn

Baptista Ramusio.

Chap. 1.

Francis Vlloa a captaine of Cortez departeth with a Fleete from the

port of Acapulco, and goeth to discouer vnknowen lands, he passeth

by the coast of Sacatula and Motin, and by tempest runneth to the

riuer of Guajaual, from whence he crosseth ouer to the hauen of

Santa Cruz, along the coast whereof he discouereth 3. smal Ilands,

and within two dayes and an halfe returning to the maine land he

discouereth the riuer called Rio de san Pedro y san Pablo, and not

far distant from thence two other riuers as big or greater then

that of Guadalquiuir which runneth by Siuil, together with their

head springs.

[Sidenote: Acapulco in 17. degrees of latitude.] We imbarked our selues

in the hauven of Acapulco on the 8. of Iuly in the yeere of our Lord

1539, calling vpon almighty God to guide vs with his holy hand vnto such

places where he might be serued, and his holy faith aduanced. And we

sailed from the said port by the coast of Sacatula and Motin, which is

sweete and pleasant through the abundance of trees that grow thereon,

and riuers which passe through those countries, for the which wee often

thanked God the creatour of them. So sailing along we came to the hauen

of S. Iago in the province of Colima: but before we arriued there, the

maine mast of our ship called Santa Agueda was broken by a storme of

winde that tooke vs, so as the ship was forced to saile without her mast

vntil we arriued in the said hauen. From the port of Acapulco to this

hauen of Colima wee were sayling the space of 20. dayes. Here we stayed

to mende our mast and to take in certaine victuals, water, and wood, the

space of 27. dayes. And wee departed from the saide hauen the 23. of

August, and sayling by the Isles of Xalisco the 27. or 28. of the saide

moneth wee were taken with an extreame tempest wherein wee thought we

should have perished, and being tossed and weather-beaten, wee ranne as

farre as the riuer of Guajalua in the Prouince of Culiacan. [Sidenote:

Santa Cruz in the point of California.] In this storme wee lost the

pinnessee called Sant Thomas, and because wee had lost her wee crossed

ouer to the port of Santa Cruz in California: for while wee were so

beaten in the former tempest, the pilot of the Barke signified vnto vs,

that he perceiued she beganne to leake, and that already she had

received in much water, insomuch that she beganne to founder: whereupon,

to helpe her neede, and that we might meete together in a knowen hauen,

if by chance the tempest should separate vs, as it did indeed, we willed

him to repaire to the hauen of Santa Cruz, where we meant to repaire his

harmes and our owne. Wherefore being all arriued in this place of Santa

Cruz, wee stayed there fiue dayes and tooke in water, wherein we heard

no newes of our Barke which we had lost: Whereupon the Captaine resolued

to follow on our voyage; wherefore we set saile the 12. of September,

and as we sailed wee saw along the coast of the said hauen 3. Islands,

whereof the Captaine made no great accompt, thinking there coulde be no

great good found in any of them. These Islands seemed not to be great;

wherefore he commanded the Masters and pilotes to proceed on their

voyage, and not to leese time without any profit. [Sidenote: Rio de san

Pedro y san Pablo.] So sailing ouer the gulfe of California, in two

dayes and an halfe we came to the riuer of S. Peter and S. Paul, finding

before we entered into the same a small Island in the mouth of the

Riuer, being 4. or 5. miles distant from the maine. On both sides of the

Riuer wee beheld goodly and pleasant great plaines full of many green

and beautiful trees, and farther within the land we beheld certaine

exceeding high mountaines full of woods very pleasant to beholde. From

this riuer wee sailed still along the coast the space of 15 leagues, in

which course wee found two other Riuers in our iudgement as great or

greater then Guadalquiuir the Riuer of Siuilia in Spaine. Al the coast

by these Riuers is plaine as the other which we had passed, with many

woods: likewise within the lande appeared great mountaines couered with

woods very beautifull to beholde, and beneath in the plaine appeared

certaine lakes of water. From these Riuers we sailed 18 leagues, and

found very pleasant plaines, and certaine great lakes whose mouthes

opened into the Sea: here our Capitane thought good throughly to

discouer what those lakes were, and to search whether there were any

good hauen for his ships to ride in, or to harbour themselues, if any

tempest should arise; and so he commaunded a boat to be hoised out into

the Sea, with a Master and fiue or sixe men to view them, and to sound

the depth, and bottom of them: who went thither, and found the coast

very sholde, and the mouthes of the lakes; whereupon they made no

accompt of them, onely because the shore was so shallow, for otherwise

the land was very pleasant. Here at euening we saw on the shore 10. or

12. Indians and fires. The aforesaide two Riuers are two leagues distant

the one from the other little more or lesse, and are great, as I haue

saide, and being in the last of them we went vp to the ship-top, and saw

many lakes, and one among the rest exceeding great, and wee supposed

that they had their springs out of this great lake, as other Riuers also

haue from other lakes, for wee sawe the course of them seuerally each by

themselues, hauing goodly woods growing all along their bankes. The

currents of these Riuers might be discerned three leagues within the

Sea: and at the mouthes of them were many small stakes set vp for

markes: the shore here is plaine and sandie, and the countrey very

pleasant.

Chap. 2.

Sailing along the coast from the two aforesaid great Riuers, they

discouer three mouthes of lakes and a goodly Countrey, they come

vnto Cabo Roxo, and take possession of those countreys for the

Emperours Maiesty. A discourse of the faire hauens that are on

those coastes, and of very many Islands which they saw, before

they came to the Cape called Capo de las Plaias.

This day wee sailed along the coast the space of 16. leagues, and in the

midst of this voyage, there is a Bay very faire of 4. or 5. leagues,

hauing certaine bankes or fences in it, in beholding whereof we tooke

great pleasure. The night following we road in 20. fadome water.

[Sidenote: The coast runneth Northward.] The next day we followed our

voyage toward the North, and hauing sailed 3. or 4. leagues we saw 3.

mouthes of lakes which entred into the land, where they became like

standing pooles. Wee road a league distance from these mouthes in 6.

fadome water, to see what they were, and sent our boat with certaine

men, to see if there were any entry for our ships: for halfe a league

from shore we had not past one or two fadome water. Here our men saw 7.

or 8. Indians, and found sundry sorts of greene herbes somewhat

differing from those of Nueua Espanna. The Countrey is plaine, but farre

within the land they saw great and small hils extending themselues a

great way, and being very faire and pleasant to behold. The day

following we proceeded on our voyage sayling alwayes in sight of the

plaine coast toward the Northwest, in 10. or 15. fadome water. And

hauing sailed 6. good leagues we found a Bay on the coast within the

land of about 5. leagues ouer, from whence the coast trendeth Northwest,

and this day we sailed about 16 leagues. All this coast is plaine, and

not so pleasant as that which we had passed: here are certaine small

hilles, but not so high as those which we had found before. Thus we

sailed all night Northwest, and vntil the next day at noone, at which

time we fell with a headland of white sand, where by the height which we

tooke that day we found our selues to be in the latitude of 27. degrees

and 3/4. This cape we called Capo Roxo. All the coast is plaine and

faire and cleane sand, and we saw within land some few trees not very

great, with certaine mountaines and woods 3. or 4. leagues distant from

the said cape: and here likewise appeared a mouth of a riuer, which (as

far as we could discerne) made certaine lakes vp within the land: from

the mouth whereof for the space of a league into the sea it seemed to be

very sholde, because the sea did breake very much. Here we saw within

the land 3. or 4. riuers. [Sidenote: The coast runneth Northward.] In

this sort we sailed on our voiage to the Northward, and because we had

not good weather we road that night in a great hauen lying in our way,

where on the shore wee saw certaine plaines, and vp within the land

certaine hilles not very high: and continuing our course toward the

North about 3. leagues from this hauen, we found an Iland of about one

league in circuite lying before the mouth of the said hauen. And sailing

forward we found an hauen which hath two mouthes into the Sea, into

which we entered by the Northermost mouth, which hath 10. or 12. fadome

water, and so decreaseth till it come to 5. fadome, where we anckered in

a poole which the Sea maketh, which is a strange thing to beholde, for

there are so many entrances and mouths of streames and hauens, that we

were all astonied at the sight thereof: and these hauens are so

excellently framed by nature, as the like are not to bee seene in the

world, wherein we found great store of fish. Here we anckered, and the

Captaine went on shore, and tooke possession, vsing all such ceremonies

as thereunto belong. [Sidenote: Fishing weares like those of Virginia.]

Here also wee found certaine weares to catch fish made by the Indians,

and certaine small cottages, wherein were diuers pieces of earthen pots

as finely made as those in Spaine. Here by commandement of the Captaine

a Crosse was erected vpon an hil, and it was set vp by Francis Preciado.

In this place we saw the Countrey full of fresh and greene grasse,

howbeit differing from that of New Spaine, and vp within the Countrey we

saw many great and very greene mountaines. This Countrey seemed very

goodly and delightsome to all of vs, in regard to the greennesse and

beautie thereof, and we iudged it to be very populous within the land.

From this hauen we departed and kept our way toward the Northwest with

good weather, and began to finde hard by the sea-shore exceeding high

mountaines spotted with white, and in them we saw many foules which had

their nestes in certaine holes of those rocks, and sailed 10. leagues

vntil night, all which night we were becalmed. The next day we followed

our course Northwest with good weather: and from that day forward we

began to see on the Westerne shore (whereon the foresaid hauen of S.

Cruz standeth) certaine Islands or high lands, whereat we reioyced not a

little. And so sayling forward we met with an Island about two leagues

in bignesse, and on the East shore hauing still the maine land and

Islands in sight, we sailed 15. leagues vntil the euening, alwayes

finding hard by the sea-coast exceeding high mountaines bare of trees,

the land appearing still more plainely vnto vs on the Westerne shore.

[Sidenote: Some take the land of California to be nothing but Islands.]

Whereupon wee began to be of diuers opinions, some thinking that this

coast of Santa Cruz was a firme land, and that it ioyned with the

continent of Nueua Espanna, others thought the contrary, and that they

were nothing else but Islands, which were to the Westward. And in this

sort we proceeded forward, hauing the land on both sides of vs, so

farre, that we all began to wonder at it. This day we sailed some 15.

leagues, and called this Cape Capo de las Plaias.

Chap. 3.

Of the Streight which they discouered on the coast of Capo de las

Plaias, and of the pleasant Countrey which they found before they

came to the rockes called Los diamantes. Of the wonderfull

whitenesse of that Sea, and of the ebbing and flowing thereof: and

of the multitude of Islands and lands, which extend themselues

Northward from the hauen of Santa Cruz.

The day following we sailed vntil night with so good weather, that we

ran about 20. leagues. All this coast along the shore is full of little

hilles without grasse or trees: and that night we anckered in 20. fadome

water. [Sidenote: A Streight of 12. leagues broad, of exceeding depth.]

The next day we followed our voyage beginning to saile before breake of

day Northwestward, and we came into the midst of a Streight or mouth

which was 12 leagues broad from one land to the other, which Streight

had two Ilands in the midst thereof being 4. leagues distant the one

from the other: and here we discerned the countrey to be plaine, and

certaine mountaines, and it seemed that a certaine gut of water like a

brooke ran through the plain. This streight (as far as we could

perceiue) was very deep, for we could finde no botome: and here we saw

the land stretching afarre off from the one shore to the other, and on

the Westerne shore of the hauen of S. Cruz, the land was more high with

very bare mountaines. [Sidenote: The Streight here runneth Northward.]

The day following we passed on our way toward the North, and sailed some

15. leagues and in the midst of our way we found a circuit or bay of 6.

leagues into the land with many cooues or creeks, and the next day

following continuing our course we sailed some 10. leagues, and the

coast in this dayes iourney was all of high mountaines naked and bare

without any tree. It is very deepe hard by the shore, and that night we

were constrained to stay by reason of the contrary winde. The next

morning before breake of day we sailed still along the coast to the

Northwest vntil euening, and ranne about some 15. leagues. All along

this shore wee sawe very goodly mountaines within the land, and many

plaines and downes with some few trees, and the sea-shore was all sandy.

[Sidenote: Small rocks called Los Diamantes.] In the midst of this dayes

course we found certaine small rockes in the sea 4 leagues distant from

the maine, were the said land maketh a great point into the sea, and

here we stayed the rest of the night, where we had a very great shower

of raine. The day following we proceeded on our voyage, and sailed

vntill night by a compasse or turning, some 8. or 9. leagues, and saw

within land a few mountaines hauing no trees vpon them, but the Sunne

shining alwayes very cleare, as farre as we could descry, they were very

great, on the Westerne shore of the hauen of Santa Cruz. Here we stayed

all night because we found very shallow water and sawe the sea very

white, and in a maner like to chalke, so that we all beganne to marueile

thereat. The day following wee went forward againe along the coast

Northwestward, and sailed eight leagues, and saw another land which

stretched Northwest, and was full of high mountaines. And still

continuing this course we searched very diligently to see if there were

any passage through betweene both the landes, for right forward wee saw

no land. And thus sayling we alwayes found more shallow water, and the

Sea thicke, blacke, and very muddie, and came at length into fiue fadome

water: and seeing this, wee determined to passe ouer to the land which

wee had seene on the other side, and here likewise wee found as little

depth and lesse, whereupon we rode all night in fiue fadome water, and

wee perceiued the Sea to runne with so great a rage into the land, that

it is a thing much to be marueilled at, and with the like fury it

returned backe againe with the ebbe: during which time wee found 11.

fadome water, and the floode and ebbe continued from sixe to sixe

houres.

The day following the Captaine and Pilote went vp to the shippes top,

and sawe all the lande full of sand in a great round compasse, and

ioyning it selfe with the other shore and it was so low, that whereas

wee were a league from the same wee could not well discern it, and it

seemed that there was an inlet of the mouthes of certaine lakes, whereby

the Sea went in and out. There were diuers opinions amongst vs and some

thought that that current entered into those lakes, and also that some

great Riuer there might be the cause thereof. And when we could perceiue

no passage through, nor could discerne the countrey to be inhabited, the

Captaine accompanied with certaine of vs went to take possession

thereof. The same day with the ebbe of the Sea wee fell downe from the

other coast from the side of Nueua Espanna, though alwayes we had in

sight the firme land on the one side of vs, and the other Islands on our

left hande, on the side of the port of Santa Cruz situate on the

Westerne shore: for on that side there are so many Islands and lands, so

farre as we could descry, that it was greatly to be wondered at: for

from the said hauen of Santa Cruz, and from the coast of Culiacan we had

alwayes in a maner land on both sides of vs, and that so great a

countrey, that I suppose if it should so continue further inwarde, there

is countrey ynough for many yeeres to conquer. This day wee had the

winde contrary, and cast ancker vntil the flood increased which was in

the afternoone, and then wee set saile likewise with contrary winde

vntill midnigt, and then cast ancker.

The next day wee departed, shaping our course along the coast Southwest,

vntill midnight with little winde, and wee sawe within the land high

mountaines with some openings, and wee made way some three leagues, and

all the next night wee were becalmed, and the next day we continued our

course but a little while, for we sailed not aboue fiue leagues, and all

the night were becalmed, and sawe the land full of bare and high

mountaines, and on our left hande wee descried a plaine countrey, and

saw in the night certaine fires.

Chap. 4.

They land vpon an Island to discouer the same, and there they see

many fires, which issue out of certaine mountaines, and many

Seale-fishes. Here they take an Indian, and can not vnderstand his

language. Running along they discouer another Island, and take

possession thereof for the Emperours Maiestie, and a great hauen

in the firme land, which they call Ancon de Sant Andres, or The

hauen of S. Andrew.

The next day following our course we saw a great hauen with an Island in

the sea, within a crossebow shoote of the firme land, and in this

Island and on the firme land were seene many smokes by the iudgement of

all the company; wherefore the captaine thought good that wee should goe

on land to know the certainty of these smokes and fires, himselfe taking

ten or twelue of vs with a boate in his company: [Sidenote: Burning

mountaines.] and going on shore in the Island, we found that the smokes

proceeded out of certaine mountaines and breaches of burned earth,

whereout ascended into the aire certaine cinders and ashes which mounted

vp to the middle region of the aire, in such great quantitie, that we

could not esteeme lesse then twenty lodes of wood to bee burned for the

causing of euery of these smokes, whereat wee were all not a little

amazed.

In this Island were such abundance of Seales, as it was wonderful. Here

we stayed that day, and killed a great number of these Seales, with whom

we had some trouble: for they were so many, and ayded one another so

well, that it was strange to behold; for it fell out, that while we were

occupied in killing some of them with staues, they assembled twentie or

thirty together, and lifting themselues vp assayled vs with their feete

in a squadron, and ouerthrew two or three of our company on the ground:

whereupon letting goe those which they had in their hands, they and the

others escaped vs and went into the sea, howbeit wee killed good store

of them, which were so fatte as it was wonderfull: and when we opened

some of them to haue their liuers, we found certaine small blacke stones

in their bodies, whereat we much marueiled. The next day wee rode at

anker here for lacke of good weather to sayle withall: whereupon the

Captaine determined to goe on shore with nine or ten of his company, to

see whether there were any people there, or any signe of people that

had bene there, and they found on the maine land seuen or eight Indians

like to Chichimecas, which were gone a fishing, and had a raft of canes;

who so soone as they espied vs ranne away and betooke themselues to

flight, but being pursued by vs, in the end we tooke one of them, whose

language was so strange that wee could by no meanes vnderstand him; his

clothing was nothing at all, for he was starke naked. These people

caried their water in bottels made of beasts skins, they fished with

hookes of bone, and wee found good store of their fishes, whereof we

tooke three or foure dozen.

The Indian which we had taken seeing himselfe in our hands did nothing

but weepe, but the Captaine called him, and made much of him, giuing him

certaine beades, with a hat and certaine hookes of ours, and then let

him goe. And it seemed that after hee was returned to his companions, he

declared vnto them how we had done him no harme at all, showing them the

things which wee had giuen him: whereupon they also determined to come

vnto vs to our boate, but because it was now night, and that our shippes

were farre from vs, we forced not to stay for them, especially because

it was a bad place and a dangerous. This countrey hath on the sea coast

high and bare mountaines with certaine grasse in some places like vnto

our broomes, or like vnto woods of rosemary.

The next day wee sayled neere to the coast on the same side, with very

scarce winde, and in a manner calme, and ranne not aboue fiue leagues,

and all the night following we lay becalmed, and we saw on the shore

fiue or sixe fires. [Sidenote: Ancon de S. Andres, or The hauen of S.

Andrew in 32 degrees.] The land is high with very high mountaines

without grasse, hauing certaine caues in them: the next day also, and

part of the night following we were becalmed: and the morrow after we

followed our course along the sayd coast, and passed betweene a great

Island full of exceeding high mountaines, and the maine land, where we

saw a very great hauen in the firme land in which wee ankered to see

what it was, and being come to an anker, the Captaine and some of vs

went on land the same day to see if there were any people and fresh

water, and wee found certaine small cottages couered with drie grasse,

with certaine little staues layd ouerthwart, and we went a little way

into the countrey which was very baren, by certaine small and streight

pathes, and found a little pond or pit, but drie and without water; and

here the Captaine tooke possession for the Marques of the valley[44] in

the name of his Maiestie, and after this we returned to our ship, and

that night we sawe foure or fiue fires on the land. The next day the

Captaine determined, because hee had seene these fires, to goe on shore,

and so with our two boates we went fifteene or twenty of vs vnto

certaine crooked strands two leagues from the place where our ships

rode, and where we had seene the fires, and we found two Indians of

exceeding huge stature, so that they caused vs greatly to wonder; they

caried their bowes and arrowes in their hands, and as soone as they saw

vs leap on shore they ran away, and wee followed them vnto their

dwellings and lodgings, which were certaine cottages and bowers couered

with boughs, and there we found great and small steps of many people,

but they had no kind of victuals but onely cuttle fishes which wee found

there. The countrey toward the sea side seemed but barren, for we saw

neither trees nor greene grasse there, yet were there certaine smal

pathes not well beaten, and along the sea coast we saw many tracts of

dogges, hares, and conies, and to certaine small Islands neere vnto the

maine we saw Seale-fishes. This hauen is called Ancon de Sant Andres.

[44] Hernando Cortez.

Chap. 5.

They discouer a mountainous Island very great, and neere vnto it

certaine other Islands with a goodly greene and pleasant countrey.

They haue sight of certaine Indians in Canoas of canes, whose

language sounded like the Flemish tongue, with whome they could

not haue any traffique.

[Sidenote: A great Island.] The next day we proceeded on your voyage,

sayling betweene the maine and an Island, which we suppose to be in

circuit about a hundreth or eighty leagues, sayling sometimes within

one, and sometimes within two leagues of the maine. The soile of this

Island is of certaine mountaines not very steepe with caues in them, and

as farre as wee could descrie by the coast, there appeared no signe of

any plaine countrey. Here from this day forward wee began to bee afraid,

considering that wee were to returne to the port of Santa Cruz; for it

was supposed, that all along this mighty gulfe from the entrance in at

Culiacan vntil the returning backe vnto the said hauen, was all firme

land, and also because wee had the firme land alwayes on our right hand

and it goeth round circle-wise vnto the sayd hauen; but many thought and

hoped that we should finde some mouth or out-let, whereby we might passe

through vnto the other coast. What our successe was we will declare in

the relation following.

[Sidenote: They returne from the bottome of the gulf of California.] The

next day being Thursday wee sayled with scant winde, for it was almost

calme, and passed beyond that great Island, hauing firme land alwayes on

our right hand, and coasting (as I sayd) very neere vnto it. The next

day likewise we sayled with little winde, it being in a manner calme,

and passed neere vnto the shore by certaine round baies, and certaine

points which the land made, which was pleasant to behold being somewhat

greene, and there seemed to be some creeke there. This Friday at night

wee sayled altogether with a fresh gale, and at breake of day wee were

betweene the maine land, and an Island on our left hand which was

somewhat big, as farre as we could discerne. Here was a great bay in the

firme land, and before it was a point which stretched farre into the

sea. The firme land seemed to bee much fresher and pleasanter then those

lands which we had passed, hauing many bankes and hilles of indifferent

height, and beautifull to behold.

The countrey (as farre as wee could discerne) was so pleasant and

delightfull, that wee all desired to goe on shore, and to search vp into

it two or three dayes iourney, to see whether it were inhabited or not.

Wee saw within the land of that bay two fires. The night following being

Saturday we sailed, continually with a prosperous and fresh gale, and

the wind was so great that we drew our bonet to our maine sayle, and

sayled so till the morning.

On Sunday the twelfth of October we found our selues altogether inclosed

with land, on the right hand with the maine, which compassed vs before

and behinde, and on the left hand with an Island of a league and a

halfe; and betweene the maine and the Island in the midst of the sea

there lay a small Islet, and also betweene the sayd maine and the Island

there were two mouthes, through which there appeared, a passage whereby

afterward we passed through. This maine was much more fresh and greene

then the other which wee had passed, and had certaine plaines and points

of mountaines of pleasant view, and full of greene grasse. Here all this

night we saw two or three villages which were very great, and at breake

of day we saw a Canoa or boate made of canes, which came from the land

out of a creeke, and wee stood still vntill it came neere vnto vs in the

ship, and they began to speake in their language which no man

vnderstood, whose pronuntiation was like to the Flemings, and being

called they returned with great haste vnto the shore, and we were very

sory because our boate had not followed them.

Here happened vnto vs a very strange thing, which was, that as this

Indian returned to the shore in certaine of these creekes where a number

of his fellow Indians were, as wee viewed that part, we sawe fiue Canoas

issue foorth, which came toward vs: whereupon wee stayed to see what

they would doe. In the meane while our Admirall came vp vnto vs, which

was neere the shore, for he also had seene them, and so being come

together we cast anker, expecting what those Canoas would doe. In the

meane while our Generall commanded vs to make ready our boate, and to

furnish the same with oares and men, to try if we could by any meanes

take some of them, that we might come to some knowledge of them, and

that wee might giue them some of our trifles, and specially of our

hookes and beads to winne their friendship. The Indians with their fiue

Canoas approached within one or two stones cast of vs, and then began to

speake very loude vnto vs in a very strange language, alwayes standing

vpon their guard to retire themselues with speede. When our Captaine saw

this, and that they would not come, neere vs, but rather retired, he

commanded sixe mariners to goe into the boate from the sterne of the

ship, and himselfe also went with them with all possible haste toward

the Indians. The Indians returned to the shore with so great celeritie,

that they seemed to flie in those little Canoas of canes. Neuerthelesse

our men vsed such diligence that one of the Canaos was boarded and

taken; but the Indian in the Canoa seeing himselfe now taken leapt into

the water, and our men followed with their boat to take him, but seeing

himselfe within their reach, he ducked with his head vnder their boate,

and so deceiued them, and then rose vp againe, and, with their oares and

with staues they gaue him certaine blowes, to amaze him, but nothing

would serue them; for as they were about to lay handes vpon him hee

still diued vnder water, and with his hands and feete got neere to the

shore: and as hee rose, vp aboue the water, he called to his felowes

which stood on the shore to behold, crying Belen with a loud voyce, and

so they pursued him, and strooke him sometimes being very neere the

shore, and he alwayes went calling the rest of his fellowes to come and

helpe him, whereupon within a short while after three other Canoas came

foorth to succour him, being full of Indians with bowes and arrowes in

their handes, crying with a loude voyce, that wee should come on shore:

these Indians were of great stature and saluage, fat also and well set,

and of a browne colour. Our Captaine perceiuing this, least they should

wound any of our people with their arrowes, returned backe, and

commanded vs immediately to set sayle, and so foorthwith wee departed.

This day the wind skanted, and we returned to anker in the foresayd

place, and our Admirall rode from the firme land toward the Island, and

wee which were in the ship called The Trinitie lay neere vnto the maine,

and before breake of day wee departed with a fresh gale. And before we

disemboqued out of that chanell we saw certaine grasse very high and

greene vpon the maine: whereupon a mariner, and the Pilot went vp into

the top, and saw the mouth of a riuer which ranne through that greene

countrey into the sea. [Sidenote: Port Belen is a very good hauen.] But

because our Admirall was vnder all her sayles farre from vs, we could

not tell them of this riuer, where wee would haue taken water, where of

we had some neede, and because it was a very good hauen to goe on shore

to take it, and therefore without watering we followed our course. On

Monday we departed from this hauen which is like vnto a lake, for on all

sides we were compassed with land, hauing the continent before, behinde

vs, and on our right side, and the Island on our left side, and we

passed foorth at those mouthes before mentioned, which shewed an out-let

into the open sea. Thus wee sayled along still viewing the situation of

the countrey, reioycing all of vs at the sight thereof, for it alwayes

pleased vs more and more, still appearing more greene and pleasant, and

the grasse which wee found neere vnto the shore was fresh and

delectable, but not very high, being (to all our iudgements) not past a

spanne long. Likewise the hills which we saw, which were many, and many

downes made a very pleasant prospect, especially because we iudged, that

there were many valleys and dales betweene them.

Chap. 6.

They discouer a very great bay with foure small Islands in it,

whereas they take possession. As they sayle along and discouer

diuers Islands they come at length to the port of Santa Cruz,

where not being able to get any knowledge of those Indians,

although they lay in waite for them at a place called The well of

Grijalua, they departed thence. They haue a perilous and long

tempest, which, ceased, after they had seene a light on their

shrowdes.

At our comming out of these openings we began to finde a Bay with a very

great hauen, enuironed with diuers small hilles hauing vpon them greene

woods and pleasant to behold. In this bay and strand were two small

Islands neere vnto the shore, one of the which was like vnto a table

about halfe a league in bignes, and the other was a round hill almost as

big as the former. These Islands serued vs onely to content our sight,

for we passed by them without staying, hauing but a slacke winde on

Munday morning: all which day we followed our course with the foresayd

slacke winde, and within a while after it became flat contrary, so that

we were constrained to anker at the sayd point of the sayd hauen; and on

Tewsday at breake of day we set sayle, but made but little away all the

day, because the winde continued contrary, although but very weake. The

night following wee were becalmed a little beyond the point of this

hauen; but about midnight wee began to haue a fresh gale, and on

Wednesday in the morning wee were seuen leagues distant from that point.

This countrey shewed (as it was indeede) more plaine then the rest, with

certaine small woody hilles, and within the other point which was before

descried, the situation seemed to be more pleasant and delightsome then

the rest which we had passed. And at the vttermost end of the point were

two small Islets. The sayd Wednesday about nine of the clocke the winde

blew a good gale, and we sayled by euening between seuen and eight

leagues, and came ouer against a land not very high, where wee saw

certaine creekes or breaches not very ragged, into euery of which a

riuer seemed to fall, because the soyle was very greene, and had

certaine trees growing on it farre bigger then those which we had found

before. Here the Captaine with fiue or sixe men went on shore, and

taking possession passed vp one of those riuers, and found the footing

of many Indians vpon the sand. On the bankes of that riuer they saw many

fruitful trees, as cherry-trees and little apple-trees, and other white

trees: they found also in the wood three or foure beasts called Adibes,

which are a kind of dogs. The same night we set sayle with the winde off

the land, which blew so freshly, that it made vs to strike our

foresayle; and on the sixteenth of October at nine of the clocke we came

neere vnto a point of certaine high mountaines, on which day being

Thursday we made little way, because the winde ceased, but it rose

againe in the night, whereupon by the breake of day on Friday wee came

before the sayd point being sixe or seuen leagues off. The land seemed

to be very mountainous with certaine sharpe points not greatly clad with

grasse, but somewhat bare. On our left hand wee saw two Islands, the one

of a league and a halfe, the other not so much, and it seemed that we

drew neere to the port of Santa Cruz, whereat we were sory because we

were alwaies in good hope to find some out-let into the maine Ocean in

some place of that land, and that the same port was the same out-let,

and also that by the sayd coast we might returne to the foresayd hauen

of Santa Cruz, and that we had committed a great error, because we had

not certainely sought out the secret, whether that were a Streit or a

riuer, which wee had left behind vs vnsearched at the bottome of this

great sea or gulfe.

All Friday and the night following we sayled with a scant winde, and on

Saturday at breake of day we were betweene two points of land which make

a bay, wherein we saw before and behinde foure or fiue great and small

Islands. The lande was very mountainous, part whereof was couered with

grasse, and part was voide. Within the land appeared more mountaines and

hils, and in this place we were come neere vnto the hauen of Santa Cruz,

which is all firme land, except it be diuided in the very nooke by some

streite or great riuer which parteth it from the maine, which because we

had not throughly discouered, all of vs, that were imployed in this

voyage were not a little grieued. And this maine land stretcheth so

farre in length, that I cannot well expresse it: for from the hauen of

Acapulco, which standeth in seuenteene degrees and twentie minutes of

latitude, wee had alwayes the coast of the firme land on our right

hande, vntill we came to the great current of the white and red

sea: [Sidenote: This current is in 32 degrees and the sea is white and

red.] and here (as I haue said) we knew not the secret of this current,

whether it were caused by a riuer or by a streit: [Sidenote: This

returne is mentioned cap. 5.] and so supposing that the coast which wee

had on our right hand was closed vp without passage, wee returned backe

againe, alwayes descending Southward by our degrees, vntill wee returned

vnto the sayd hauen of Santa Cruz, finding still along the coast a

goodly and pleasant countrey, and still seeing fires made by the

Indians, and Canoas made of Canes.[45] We determined to take in fresh

water at the hauen of Santa Cruz, to runne along the outward Westerne

coast, and to see what it was, if it pleased God. Here we rested our

selues, and eat of the plummes and fruits called Pithaias: and wee

entred into the port of Santa Cruz on Sunday the 18 of October and

stayed there eight daies to take in wood and water resting our selues

all that while, that our men might strengthen and refresh themselues.

Our captaine determined to diuide amongst vs certaine garments of

taffata, with clokes and saies, and a piece of taffata, and likewise

ordained, that wee should goe on land to catch a couple of Indians, that

they might talke with our interpreter, and that we might come to the

knowledge of their language. Wherevpon thirteene of vs went out of our

ship by night, and lay in ambush in a place which is called The well of

Grijalua, where we stayed vntill noone betweene certaine secret wayes,

and could neuer see or descrie any one Indian: [Sidenote: The Spaniards

vse mastiues to take the Indians.] wherefore we returned to our ships,

with two mastiue-dogs which we carried with vs to catch the Indians with

more ease: and in our returne we found two Indians hidden in certaine

thickets, which were come thither to spie what wee did: but because wee

and our dogs were weary, and thought not on them, these Indians issued

out of the thickets, and fled away, and wee ranne after them, and our

dogges saw them not: wherefore by reason of the thicknes of the wilde

thistles, and of the thornes and bryars, and because we were weary, we

could neuer ouertake them: [Sidenote: Read more of these staues cap 10.]

they left behinde them certaine staues so finely wrought that they were

very beautiful to behold, considering how cunningly they were made with

a handle and a corde to fling them.

[45] This voyage up the great Gulf of California, with the discovery of

the mouth of the River Colorado, is so accurate in its details, that,

with a good map, every portion of the voyager's course can be followed.

The nine and twentieth of October being Wednesday, we set sayle out of

this hauen of Santa Cruz with little winde, and in sayling downe the

chanell our shippe called the Trinitie came on ground vpon certaine

sholdes: this was at noone at a low water, and with all the remedy that

we could vse wee could not draw her off, whereupon wee were constrained

to vnderprop her, and to stay the next tide: and when the tide began to

increase wee vsed all diligence to draw her off, and could not by any

meanes, whereat all the company and the Captaine were not a little

grieued: for wee thought wee should haue lost her there, although wee

ceased not with all our might to labour with both our boates, and with

our cable and capsten. In the ende it pleased God about midnight at a

full sea with the great force which wee vsed to recouer her, that we

drew her off the sand, for which we gaue God most hearty thankes, and

rode at anker all the rest of the night, wayting for day light for feare

of falling into any further danger or mishap. When day was come, wee set

forward with a fresh gale, and proceeded on our voyage, directing our

prows to the maine sea, to see whether it would please God to let vs

discouer the secret of this point. But whether it pleased not his great

goodnesse, or whether it were for our sinnes, wee spent eight dayes from

this port, before we could double the poynt,[46] by reason of contrary

winds, and great raine, and lightning and darknesse euery night: also

the windes grew so raging and tempestuous, that they made us all to

quake, and to pray continually vnto God to ayde vs. And hereupon wee

made our cables and ankers ready, and the chiefe Pilot commanded vs with

all speede to cast anker, and in this sorte we passed our troubles: and

whereas wee rode in no securitie, he caused vs foorthwith to weigh our

ankers, and to goe whither the wind should driue vs. And in this sorte

wee spent those eight dayes, turning backe by night the same way that

wee had gone by day, and sometimes making good in the night that which

wee had lost in the day, not without great desire of all the company to

haue a winde which might set vs forward on our voyage, being afflicted

with the miseries which wee indured by reason of the thunders,

lightnings, and raine, wherewith we were wet from toppe to toe, by

reason of the toyle which we had in weighing and casting of our ankers,

as neede required.

[46] Cape St. Lucas.

And on one of these nights, which was very darke and tempestuous with

winde and raine, because we thought we should haue perished, being very

neere the shore, we prayed vnto God that he would vouchsafe to ayde and

saue vs, without calling our sinnes to remembrance. And straightway wee

saw vpon the shrowdes of the Trinity as it were a candle, which of

itselfe shined, and gaue a light, whereat all the company greatly

reioyced, in such sort that wee ceased not to giue thankes vnto God.

Whereupon we assured our selues, that of his mercie hee would guide and

saue vs, and would not suffer vs to perish, as indeede it fell out; for

the next day wee had good weather, and all the mariners sayd, that it

was the light of Saint Elmo[47] which appeared on the shrowdes, and they

saluted it with their songs and prayers. These stormes tooke vs betweene

the Isles of Saint Iago and Saint Philip, and the Isle called Isla de

perlas lying ouer against the point of California supposed to be firme

land.

[47] St. Elmo's light, as it is called, is by no means an unusual

phenomenon. It is merely caused by the Electricity in the air.

Chap. 7.

Sayling on their way they discouer a pleasant Countrey, and in their

iudgement greatly inhabited, and finde the Sea-coast very deepe.

They went to discouer or viewe the Isle of perles. And by a

current one of their ships is separated from the other, and with

great ioy after three dayes they had sight again of her, and

following their voyage they discouer certaine great, greene, and

pleasant plaines.

We began to sayle along the coast the seuenth or eight of Nouember the

land alwayes shewing very greene with grasse pleasant to behold, and

certaine plaines neere the shore, and vp within the countrey many

pleasant hils replenished with wood, and certaine valleys, so that wee

were delighted aboue measure, and wondered at the greatnes and goodly

view of the countrey: and euery night we saw fires, which shewed that

the countrey is greatly inhabited. [Sidenote: From hence forward they

saile on the westerne or back-side of California.] Thus we proceeded on

our Voyage vntill the tenth of the sayd month of Nouember, hauing

alwayes the coast of the maine Ocean on our right hand, and the farther

we sailed, wee alwayes found the countrey more delightsome and pleasant,

as well in beholding the greennes therof, as also in that it shewed

certaine plaines and deepe valleys, through which riuers did fall downe

into the land, within certaine mountaines, and hilles full of great

woods which were not very high, and appeared within the countrey. Here

we were 54 leagues distant from California little more or lesse, alwayes

toward the Southwest, seeing in the night three or foure fires, whereby

it appeareth that the countrey is inhabited, and full of people, for the

greatnes of the countrey argueth no lesse: and we supposed that there

must needs bee great townes inhabited within the land, although in this

poynt we were of diuers opinions. The sea is so deepe on all this coast

that we could scarce find ground in 54 fadomes. On the greatest part of

the coast there are hilles of very white sand, and it seemeth to be a

dangerous coast, because of the great and swift tides which goe there,

for the sand sheweth so much for the space of ten or twelue leagues, for

so the Pilots affirmed. [Sidenote: Isla de perlas.] This day being

Saturday the winde increased, and wee had sight of the Isle of Perles,

which on this side of the gulfe appeareth with a deepe valley all

couered ouer with trees, and sheweth much fairer then on the other side,

and wee entred into the Porte of Santa Cruz. From the ninth of Nouember

to the fifteenth we sayled not aboue tenne leagues, because we had

contrary winds, and great showres; and besides this we had another

mischance which did not a little grieue vs; for wee lost company of the

ship called The Trinitie, and could neuer see her for the space of three

dayes, whereupon wee suspected that shee was returned home vnto New

Spaine, or that she was seuered from our company: wherefore we were

grieued out of measure to see our selues so left alone, and the Captaine

of all others was most sad, though he ceased not to encourage vs to

proceede on our voyage, saying that notwithstanding all this wee ought

not to leaue off this enterprise which we had begunne, and that though

we were left alone we should deserue the greater commendation and

credite: whereupon wee all answered him, that wee would not haue him

thinke that any of vs would euer be discouraged, but that we would

follow him vntill hee should thinke it reasonable that we should not

proceede any further in the enterprise, and that we were in danger of

perishing, and that vntill then wee would bee at his commandement: but

withall we perswaded him that after he had seene any great difficulty to

proceede any further, hee should doe well to returne backe to make

relation of our successe to the R. H. lord the Marques de Valle.

Hereupon he made an Oration vnto vs wherein he told vs, that he could

not beleeue, much lesse could imagine, wherefore the shippe called the

Trinitie should returne into Newe Spaine, nor why she should willingly

depart from vs, and goe vnto any other place, and that he thought by all

reason, that some current had caried her out of our sight, and that

through contrary weather and tempests she could not fetch vs vp, and

that notwithstanding all that which we had done in the voyage, he had an

instruction, that if by chance we were separated one from the other, wee

were to take this course to meete again together, namely to returne

backe eight or tenne leagues to seeke one another, beyond certaine head

lands which lay out into the sea, and that therefore we should doe well

to returne to seeke her vp. This sentence pleased vs all, and so

returning to seeke her, we espied her two leagues distance from vs,

comming toward us with a fresh gale of winde, whereat we greatly

reioyced.

Thus being come together we ankered for that day, because the weather

seemed very contrary, and the Captaine chid them for their negligence in

sayling, because they had in such sort lost our company; and they

excused themselues, that they could doe no lesse, because a current had

carried them away aboue three leagues, whereby they could neuer reach

vnto vs. The next day being the sixteenth of Nouember wee set forward,

but sayled very little, for the North and Northwest winds were against

vs. Here we discouered certaine plaines, in my iudgement very great and

greene, and right before vs we could not discerne any mountaines or

woods, whereat wee marueiled to see so great a countrey. And wee met an

Indian in a Canoa on the shore whereon the sea did breake, who stayed to

beholde vs a great while, and oftentimes he lifted vp himselfe to view

vs the better, and then returned backe along the coast: we vsed all

diligence to see whether he would come out further from the shore, to

giue him chase, and to try whether we could catch him, but he very

cunningly viewed vs without comming neere vnto vs, and returned to the

shore with his Canoa. Heere we saw in the euening but one fire, and wist

not whether it were done by the cunning of the Indians, because they

would not haue vs know that there were people there, or that it was so

indeede. From the said 16 day of Nouember vntill the 24 of the same

moneth we could not proceede on our way aboue 12 or 15 leagues: and

looking into our Sea-chart, we found our selues distant from the Xaguges

of the Port of Santa Cruz about 70 leagues. Now on the 24 day being

Munday very early in the morning we beganne to take very good view of

that Countrey, and all along the coast we saw many faire plaines with

certaine furrowes made in the midst like vnto halfe plaines, the said

plaine still appearing vp into the Countrey, with pleasant champions,

because the grasse which grew there was very beautifull, short, and

greene, and good pasture for cattell. Howbeit because we rode so farre

off, we could not perfectly iudge what kind of grasse it was, but it

shewed very short and greene, and without thornes. These plaines on the

right hand made a bay into a valley which seemed to be a piece of a

mountaine: the rest shewed to be al plaines without any thistles or

weedes, but full of grasse good for cattel very green and faire as I

haue saide.

Chap. 8.

One of their ships by tempest was separated from the other, and

afterward meeting with her consort she reporteth that the land

stretcheth to the West by the mouth of the great lake. The Pilots

are of diuers iudgements touching the state of this coast

inhabited by Chichimecas. They enter into an hauen to take in

fresh water, and are suddenly assayled by two squadrons of

Indians. They defend themselues valiantly, and the Captaine with

some of his souldiers are grieuously wounded.

The 26 of this moneth being Wednesday at night the North wind took vs,

which still increased more and more so greatly that it put vs to much

trouble, for it continued two dayes, in which the Sea was alwayes

boisterous; and this night againe we lost the Trinity being beaten with

the North winde aforesaid (and we had sight of her on Munday the 24)

wherewith we were all of vs greatly agrieued, both Captaine, Souldiers

and Mariners, because we saw we were left alone, and our ship called

Santa Agueda wherein we were, was but badly conditioned, and this

grieued vs more then the trouble which we had with the boisterousnesse

of the Sea, imagining that if we should leese the Trinity, or if any

mishap should fall vnto vs, we should not be able to follow our voyage

according to our Captaines and our owne desire. [Sidenote: Land running

towards the Northwest.] This said 24 day being Munday we saw a Countrey

with high mountaines toward the Northwest, and it seemed that the land

stretched on still forward, whereat we exceedingly reioyced, because we

iudged that the lande grew alwayes broader and broader, and that wee

should meete with some speciall good thing. Whereupon we desired that it

would please God to send vs good weather for our voyage, which hitherto

we found alwayes contrary, so that in 26 dayes we sayled not aboue 70

leagues, and that with much trouble, sometimes riding at anker and

sometimes sayling, and seeking the remedies and benefite of the shore to

auoide perils. In this Countrey which we discouered the 26 day we

alwayes saw (as I haue said) along the shore, and within the land,

goodly plaines without any tree, in the midst wherof was a lake or

gathering together of the Sea-water, which (to our iudgment) was aboue

12 leagues in compasse, and the sea-coast reached to the mountaines

before mentioned. And this day we saw our ship called the Trinitie,

which rode 2 leagues distant from vs, which so soone as she saw vs, set

saile, and we came together and reioyced greatly. [Sidenote: A

wonderfull fishing place like Newfoundland.] They brought vs great

quantity of gray fishes, and of another kinde: for at the point of those

mountaines they found a fishing which was very wonderfull, for they

suffered themselues to be taken by hand: and they were so great that

euery one had much adoe to finde roome to lay his fish in. They found

also on the said point a fountaine of fresh water which descended from

those hilles, and they told vs that at the same place they had found a

narrow passage, whereby the Sea entered into the said lake. They

comforted vs much with the report of these things, and telling vs, that

the lande trended to the West; for the chiefe Pilot thought, and the

other Pilot was of the same opinion, that we shoulde finde a good

Countrey. This night we set saile to goe to that point to take in fresh

water which we wanted, and to see this lake, and to put some men on

shore; and after midnight the winde came vpon vs so forcibly at the

North that we could not stay there: whereupon wee were constrained to

put further into the Sea, and returned the same way backe againe vnto

the shore with much adoe, and came to an anker a great way short of the

place from whence we were driuen: and there we rode vntill Thursday at

noone with this bitter North winde, and on Friday about noone, when we

most thought it would haue ceased, it beganne to increase againe, which

grieued vs not a little seeing the weather so contrary, hoping alwayes

that it would cease and that some winde would blow from the shore,

whereby we might recouer the point of land to take in fresh water, and

to search whether there were any people about that lake. Here we lay

from the 26 of the saide moneth till the 29, driuing vp and downe the

Sea, winding in by little and little vntill we had gotten vnder the

shelter of those mountaines: which being obtayned wee rode the sayd 29

of the moneth halfe a league from those wooddy mountaines, which we had

seene in the Sea. We stayed in this place at our ease all the Sunday,

and Iuan Castilio the chiefe Pilot went that day in the bote on shore

with seuen in his company, and they landed neere the Sea, and on a

certaine low ground they found foure or fiue Indians Chichimecas of

great stature, and went toward them, who fled away like Deere that had

beene chased. After this the Pilot went a little way along the

Sea-shore, and then returned to his boate, and by that time he was

entered thereinto, he saw about fifteen Indians of great stature also,

with their bowes and arrowes which called vnto him with a loude and

strong voice, making signes with their bowes: but the Pilot made no

account of their gesture, but rather returned to the shippes, and

declared what had passed betweene him and the Indians. The same day the

Captaine commaunded that our caske should be made readie against the

next morning to take in water, for in both the shippes there were about

fiue and twentie buttes emptie. The first of December, and the second

day in the morning the Captaine went with both the barkes on shore with

some dozen souldiers, and the greatest part of the Mariners which

laboured in filling of water, leauing in the shippes as many as were

needefull, and as soone as we were come on shore at the watering place

the Captaine caused the buttes to be taken out, to the ende they might

be filled with water, and while they returned to fetch the barrels and

hogsheads of the shippe, the Captaine walked a turne or two vpon the

shore for the space of one or two crossebow shoots, and afterwarde we

went vp to certaine of those mountaines, to view the disposition of the

countrey, and in trueth we found it in that place very bad to our

iudgement, for it was very ragged, full of woods and caues, and so

stonie, that we had much adoe to goe. Being come vnto the top we found

certaine small hilles full of woods, and cliffes that were not so

craggie, although very troublesome to climbe vp; and while we looked

from these little hilles, we could not discerne any more mountaines, but

rather iudged that from that place forward there were great plaines. The

Captaine would not suffer us to goe any farther, because in those places

we had seene certaine Indians which seemed to be spies, and warning vs

thereof he commanded vs to retire vnto the shore, where we were to take

in water, and to dispatch our businesse quickly, and appointed vs to

make certaine pits, that our buts might more easily be filled with

water. And setting our Guardes or Centinels, we beganne to fill water.

In the meane while the Captaine tooke certaine souldiers, and went to

the top of an high hill, from whence he descryed a great part of the

Sea, and a lake which is within the land: for the Sea entereth in the

space of a league, and there is a good fishing place round about: and

the lake was so great, that it seemed vnto vs to be very neere 30

leagues in compasse, for we could not discerne the end thereof. Then we

came downe with no lesse trouble then wee had mounted vp vnto the hill,

by reason of the steepenesse of the place, and some tumbled downe with

no small laughter of the rest. And being come somewhat late to our

watering place (for it was then past noone) we set our selues to dinner,

alwayes appointing some of our company in Centinell, vntill we were

called to dinner, and when some were called two others were appointed in

their roomes. [Sidenote: A sudden assalt of the Indians with stones,

arrows and staues.] And about two of the clocke after dinner, the

Captaine and the rest suspecting no danger of assalt of Indians, both

because the place seemed not to be fit for it, as also for that we had

set our Centinels at the passages; two squadrons of Indians came vpon vs

very secretly and couertly, for one came by the great valley through

which the water ranne which we tooke, and the other came by a part of

that great hill which we had ascended to see the lake, and all of them

came so couertly, that our Centinels could neither see nor heare them;

and wee had not perceiued them, if a souldier by chance lifting vp his

eyes had not sayde, Arme, Arme, my maisters, for many Indians come vpon

vs. When we heard this the Capitane leapt vp in a great rage, because

the guards were changed out of their place: and with his sword and

target, being followed by a souldier, whose name was Haro, and afterward

by the rest, he and the said souldier went toward a little gate of

certaine stones, whither the rest of vs were to follow him: for if the

Indians had gotten that place from vs, we should haue incurred great

danger, and the greatest part of vs had like to haue beene slaine, and

none could haue escaped but such as by chance could haue leapt into the

boates, and the tide went so high, that none could be saued but such as

were most excellent swimmers. But at length the Captaine bestirred

himselfe very nimbly, vsing all celeritie that was possible. Therefore

when he and Haro had wonne the gate, the rest of the souldiers gate vp

after them, and the Captaine and Haro turned themselues to the Indians

and made head against them, and the Indians assailed them with such

numbers of stones, arrowes, and iauelins (which was a very strange

thing) that they brake in pieces the target which the Captaine had on

his arme, and besides that wounded him with an arrow in the bending of

his knee, and though the wound was not great, yet was it very painefull

vnto him. While they thus stood to withstand their assalt, they strooke

Haro which was on the other side so forcibly with a stone, that they

threw him flat vpon the ground: and by and by another stone lighted vpon

him which shiuered his Target, and they hit the Captaine with another

arrow, and shot him quite through one of his eares. Another arrow came

and strooke a souldier called Grauiello Marques in the legge, of which

he felt great paine and went halting. In the meane space Francis

Preciado, and certaine other souldiers came vp and ioyned himselfe with

the rest on the left hand of the Captaine, saying vnto him, Sir,

withdrawe your selfe, for you be wounded, but be you not dismayed, for

they are but Indians and cannot hurt vs. In this wise we beganne to rush

in, among them vpon the side of a rocke alwayes gayning ground of them,

which greatly encouraged our mindes, and when we beganne to inforce them

to retire, we wanne a small wooddy hill, where we sheltered our selues,

whereas before they shot vpon vs from aloft, for they were on the higher

ground vnder couert in safetie, and then by no meanes we could offend

them, but by running forcibly vpon them with our targets on our armes,

and our swords in our hands. On the other side, to approach and seeke to

ouertake them was a vaine thing, seeing they were as swift as wilde

goates. By this time Haro was gotten vp on foot, and hauing clapt a

woollen cloth vpon his head, which had bled extremely, he ioyned

himselfe vnto vs, of whom we receiued no small aide. In the meane space

the Indians fortified themselves on the cragge of a rocke, from whence

they did not a little molest vs, and we likewise fortified our selues

vpon an hillocke, whereby we descended into their Fort, and there was a

small valley betweene them and vs, which was not very deepe from the

vpper part. [Sidenote: The Spaniards vse mastiues in their warre against

the Indians. Read more hereof cap. 12.] There we were 6 souldiers and

two Negroes with the Captaine, and all of vs were of opinion that it was

not good to passe that place, least the Indians being many might destroy

vs all, for the rest of our souldiers which were beneath at the foote of

the hill, making head against the other squadron of the Indians, kept

them from hurting those which tooke in water on the strand and from

breaking the buts of water, and being but few, we concluded to stay

here, and so we stood still fortifying our selues as well as we could,

especially considering that we had no succour on any side; for Berecillo

our Mastiue-dogge which should haue aided vs was grieuously wounded with

3 arrowes, so that by no meanes we could get him from vs: this mastiue

was wounded in the first assault when the Indians came upon vs, who

behaued himselfe very wel, and greatly aided vs; for he set vpon them,

and put 8 or 10 of them out of array, and made them run away, leauing

many arrowes behind them: but at length (as I haue said) he was so

wounded, that by no meanes we could get him to goe from vs to set any

more vpon the Indians, and the other two mastiues did vs more harme then

good: for when they went against them, they shot at them with their

bowes, and we received hurt and trouble in defending them. The Captaines

legge when he waxed cold was so swolne, that we lapped it vp in a wollen

cloth, and he halted much of it: and while the Indians thus stood still,

one part of them beganne to dance, sing and shout, and then they began

all to lade them selues with stones, and to put their arrowes into their

bowes, and to come downe toward vs verie resolutely to assalt vs, and

with great out-cries they beganne to fling stones and to shoot their

arrowes. Then Francis Preciado turned him to the Captaine and said: Sir,

these Indians know or thinke, that we be affeard of them, and in truth

it is a great falt to giue them this encouragement, it were better for

vs resolutely to set vpon them with these dogs, and to assalt them on

this hill, that they may know vs to be no dastards, for they be but

Indians and dare not stande vs; and if we can get their Fort vpon the

hill, God will giue vs victory in all the rest. The Captaine answered,

that he liked well of the motion, and that it was best so to doe,

although for any further pursuit vp the hill, he thought we were to take

another course. By and by Francis Preciado getting his target on his

arme, and his sword in his hand, ranne vnto the other side of the

valley, which on that part was not very steepe, crying S. Iago, vpon

them my masters, and after him leapt Haro, Tereça, Spinosa, and a

Crossebow-man called Montanno, and after them followed the Captaine,

though very lame, with a Negro and a souldier which accompanied him,

incouraging and comforting them, willing them not to feare. Thus we

draue them to the place where they had fortified themselues, and from

whence they descended, and we tooke another hill ouer against them

within a darts cast of them. And hauing breathed our selues a little,

the Captaine came vnto vs, and said Go too my maisters, vpon them before

they strengthen themselues on this hill, for now we see plainely that

they be affeard of vs, seeing we chase them continually from their

Forts: and suddenly 3 or 4 of vs went toward them well couered with

targets, vnto the foot of their Fort where they were assembled, and the

rest of our company followed vs: the Indians beganne to make head

against vs, and to fling many stones vpon vs, and shoot many arrowes,

and we with our swords in our hands rushed vpon them in such sort, that

they seeing how furiously we set vpon them, abandoned the fort, and

ranne downe the hill as swift as Deere, and fled vnto another hill ouer

against vs, where the other squadron of the Indians stood, of whom they

were rescued, and they began to talke among themselues, but in a low

voyce, and ioyned together 6 and 6 and 8 and 8 in a company, and made a

fire and warmed themselues, and we stood quietly beholding what they

did.

Chap. 9.

After the skirmish the Captaine being wounded, and the rest of the

souldiers seeing the Indians depart, returned vnto their ships.

The next day taking in fresh water at the saide place he sent

mariners to sound the mouth of the lake. Departing thence they

came to the port called Baya de Sant Abad, and indured a dangerous

storme at sea. And afterward comming neere the shore to take fresh

water in the said hauen, they see certaine peaceable Indians.

By this time it was late and the night approched, and the Indians seeing

this, whithin a short while after determined to get them packing, and

ech of them or the greatest part tooke firebrandes in their hands, and

got them away into craggy places. When the Captaine saw this he

commanded vs to returne aboord our boats, it being now darke night,

thanking vs all for the good seruice we had done him. And being not able

to stand vpon his legge, he leaned with his arme vpon Francis Preciado;

and thus we returned to our boats, where with much adoe we got aboord,

by reason of the great tide and roughnesse of the sea, so that our boats

were filled with euery waue. Thus very weary, wet, and some wounded (as

is aforesaid) each man returned vnto his ship, where our beds which we

found, and our refreshing, and the cheere we had at supper did not

greatly comfort vs in regard of our former trauels. We passed that night

in this sort, and the next day being Tuesday the Captaine found himselfe

greatly payned with his wounds, and chiefly with that on his leg,

because it was greatly swolne with his going vpon it. We lacked 12 buts

to fill with water, and the barrels in both the ships, and the Captaine

would haue gone out to cause them to be filled, but we would not suffer

him, and therefore we left off the businesse for that day. But he

appointed that the crossebowes should be made readie, and two speciall

good harquebuzes, and the next day being Wednesday very early, he

commanded Iuan Castilio chiefe Pilot to goe out with both the botes and

with all the souldiers and mariners that he could make, hauing the day

before commanded the Trinitie to go as neere the shores as she might,

and to make ready some of her ordinance, that if the Indians should shew

themselues, they might affright them, and doe them as much hurt as they

could. Wherefore on the Wednesday al we that were souldiers, sauing the

wounded persons, went on shore with certaine mariners in the best order

that we could, and tooke the first hill, where we had fortified our

selues, standing all vpon our guard vntill the water was filled, and

vntill we were called, during which time not one Indian shewed himselfe.

Thus we went aboord when we thought good our selues, at least without

any suspition of the Indians, although the tide of the Sea went so high

that it put vs to great trouble, for oftentimes with great waues it beat

into our boats. This was on the Wednesday the 3 of December. And to

auoide losse of time the Captaine commanded Juan Castilio the chiefe

Pilot to take a boat and certaine mariners as he should thinke good, and

to view the mouth of the lake to see whether the entrance were deepe

enough for to harbour the ships. [Sidenote: A special good hauen.] He

taking the boat of the Admirall with 8 mariners, and ours of the

Trinity, went and sounded the mouth, and on the shallowest place of the

barre without they found 3 fadome depth, and farther in 4, and vp higher

5, alwayes increasing vnto 10 or 12 fadomes, when they were come into

the two points of the said lake, which was a league broad from one point

to the other, and all their sounding was exceeding good ground. Then

they went ouer to the southeast point, and there they saw a great boat

or raft which they indeuoured to take to carrie vnto their ships. In the

meane while they espied certaine cottages, which the Pilot determined to

goe and see. And being come neere they saw 3 other raftes with 3 Indians

on them distant from the cottages one or two crossbowes shot, and he

leapt on land with 4 or 5 mariners in his companie: and while they

behelde those cottages, they saw many Indians descending downe a small

hill in warlike manner with their bowes and arrowes, whereupon they

determined to retire to their boats, and to returne to their ships, and

they were not gone from the sea-shore scarse a stones cast, but the

Indians were come vpon them to shoot at them with their arrowes, and

because they were vnarmed, they would not fight with them, hauing gone

on shore for no other purpose, but to sound the mouth and enterance of

that lake. [Sidenote: Baya del Abad is 100 leagues from the point of

California.] On Thursday the 4 of December we set saile with a fresh

gale of winde, and sayled some 8 or 10 leagues, and came vnto certaine

mouthes or inlets which seemed to all of vs as though they had beene

Ilands, and we entered into one of them, and came into an hauen which

we called Baya del Abad all inclosed and compassed with land, being one

of the fairest hauens that hath beene seene: and about the same,

especially on both sides the lande was greene and goodly to behold; we

descryed certaine riuers on that part which seemed greene, and therefore

we returned backe, going out at the mouth whereby we came in, alwayes

hauing contrary wind: yet the Pilots vsed their best indeuour to make

way: and we saw before vs certaine wooddy hils, and beyond them certaine

plaines; this we saw from the Friday the 5 of the said moneth, vntill

the Tuesday, which was the ninth. As we drew neere to these woods they

seemed very pleasant, and there were goodly and large hilles and beyond

them towardes the sea were certaine plaines, and through all the

countrey we saw these woods. [Sidenote: Many great smokes, of which also

Francis Gualle maketh mention.] From the day before, which was the

Conception of our Lady, we saw many great smokes, whereat we much

maruelled, being of diuerse opinions among our selues, whether those

smokes were made by the inhabitants of the countrey or no. Ouer against

these woods there fell euery night such a dew, that euery morning when

we rose, the decke of the ship was so wet, that vntill the sunne was of

a good height, we alwaies made the decke durtie with going vpon it. We

rode ouer against these woods from the Tuesday morning when we set

saile, vntill Thursday about midnight, when a cruell Northwest winde

tooke vs, which, whither we would or no, inforced vs to way our anker:

and it was so great, that the ship Santa Agueda began to returne backe,

vntill her cable broke, and the ship hulled, and suddenly with a great

gust the trinket and the mizen were rent asunder, the Northwest winde

still growing more and more: within a short while after the maine saile

was rent with a mighty flaw of winde, so that we were inforced, both

souldiers, captaine, and all of vs, to doe our best indeuor to mend our

sailes; and the Trinitie was driuen to do the like, for she going round

vpon her anker, when she came a-head of it, her cable broke, so that

there we lost two ankers, each ship one. We went backe to seeke Baya del

Abad, for we were within 20 leagues of the same, and this day we came

within foure leagues of it, and being not able to reach it by reason of

contrary windes, we rode vnder the lee of certaine mountaines and hilles

which were bare, and almost voide of grasse, neere vnto a strand full

of sandie hilles. Neere vnto this road wee found a fishing place vnder a

point of land, where hauing let downe our lead to see what ground was

there, a fish caught it in his month, and began to draw it, and he which

held the sounding-lead crying and shewing his fellowes that it was

caught, that they might helpe him, as soone as he had got it aboue the

water, tooke the fish, and loosed the cord of the sounding lead, and

threw it againe into the sea, to see whether there were any good depth,

and it was caught againe, whereupon he began to cry for helpe, and all

of vs made a shout for ioy; thus drawing the fish the rope of the

sounding-lead being very great was crackt, but at length we caught the

fish which was very faire. Here we stayed from Friday when we arriued

there, vntill the Munday, when as it seemed good to our Captaine, that

we should repaire to the watering place, from whence we were some sixe

leagues distant, to take in 12 buttes of water, which wee had drunke and

spent, because he knew not whither we should from thencefoorth finde any

water, or no; and though we should finde water, it was doubtfull whither

wee should be able to take it by reason of the great tide that goeth

vpon that coast. We drewe neere to that place on Munday at night, when

as we sawe certaine fires of the Indians. And on Tuesday morning our

Generall commaunded that the Trinitie should come as neere our ship and

to the shore as it could, that if we had neede, they might helpe vs with

their great ordinance: and hauing made 3 or 4 bourds to draw neere the

shore, there came 4 or 5 Indians to the sea-side; who stood and beheld

while we put out our boat and anker, marking also how our bwoy floated

vpon the water; and when our boat returned to the ship, two of them

leapt into the sea, and swamme vnto the bwoy, and beheld it a great

while; then they tooke a cane of an arrow, and tyed to the sayd bwoy a

very faire and shining sea-oyster of pearles, and then returned to the

shore, neere to the watering place.

Chap. 10.

They giue vnto the Indians many trifles which stand vpon the shore

to see them, and seeke to parley with them by their interpreter,

which was a Chichimeco, who could not vnderstand their language.

They go to take fresh water. Francis Preciado spendeth the time

with them with many signes, and trucking and being afeard of their

great multitude, retireth himselfe wisely with his companions,

returning with safety to the ships.

When the Captaine and we beheld this we iudged these Indians to be

peaceable people; whereupon the Captaine tooke the boat with 4 or 5

mariners carrying with him certain beades to truck, and went to speake

with them. In the meane while he commanded the Indian interpreter our

Chichimeco, to be called out of the Admirall that he should parley with

them. And the Captaine came vnto the boy, and laid certaine things vpon

it for exchange, and made signes vnto the Sauages to come and take them;

and an Indian made signes vnto our men with his hands, his armes, and

head, that they vnderstood them not, but signified that they should go

aside. Whereupon the Captaine departed a smal distance from that place

with his boat. And they made signes againe that he should get him

further; whereupon we departing a great way off, the saide Indians leapt

into the water, came vnto the boy, and tooke those beades, and returned

backe againe to land, and then came vnto the other three, and all of

them viewing our things, they gaue a bowe and certaine arrowes to an

Indian, and sent him away, running with all haste on the shore, and made

signes vnto vs that they had sent word vnto their lord what things we

had giuen them, and that he would come thither. Within a while after the

said Indian returned, running as he did before, and beganne to make

signes vnto vs, that his Lord was comming. And while we stayed here, we

saw on the shore ten or twelue Indians assemble themselues, which came

vnto the other Indians, and by and by we saw another company of 12 or 15

more appeare, who assembled themselues all together. And againe they

began to make signes vnto vs, to come foorthwith to our boates, and

shewed vs many Oysters of pearles on the top of certaine canes, making

signes that they would giue them vs. When we beheld this, the Captaine

commanded vs to make readie our boate, and went aboord it with the said

mariners, and rowed to a certaine stone in forme of a rocke, which lay

in the sea neere vnto the shore. And hither came first 2 or 3 Indians,

and layd downe one of those Oysters, and a garland made of Parats

feathers, or sparrowes feathers painted red; they layd downe also

certaine plumes of white feathers, and others of blew colour. In the

mean while we sawe continually Indians assemble to the shore by tenne

and tenne, and so by little and little they came in squadrons; anyone of

them assoone as hee sawe the boat beganne to leape forward and backeward

with so great nimblenesse, that doubtlesse he seemed to all of vs a man

of great agilitie, and we tooke no small pleasure while we beheld him

fetching those gambols: but the rest of the Indians which stood at the

mouth of the fresh water ranne toward him, and cryed vnto him,

forbidding him to vse those gestures, because we were come thither in

peaceable sort, and by this meanes he came with the rest to the watering

place, where by little and little in this manner there assembled aboue a

hundred of them all in order, with certaine staues with cordes to fling

them, and with their bowes and arrowes, and they were all painted. In

the meane while our Chichimeco interpreter borne in the Ile of

California, was come vnto vs, and the Captaine againe commanded a

mariner to strippe himselfe, and to swimme and laye vpon the said rocke

certaine belles, and more beades, and when he had layd them there, the

Indians made signes that he should goe away; and so they came thither

and tooke them, and our men drew neere with their boat. The Captaine

commanded the Indian our Chichimeco to speake vnto them, but they could

not vnderstand him, so that we assuredly beleeue, that they vnderstand

not the language of the Ile of California. This day being Tuesday vntil

night the Indians stayed at this watering place, taking some of our

beades, and giuing vnto vs their feathers and other things, and when it

was very late they departed. The morrow following being Wednesday very

early the Captaine commanded that our buttes should be made ready, that

before breake of day, and before the Indians should take the hill, which

stood ouer the watering place, we might be landed in good order: which

was put in execution: for we went on shore with as many as could goe,

sauing those that had charge to take in the water, and such as were to

stay on ship-boord, which in all were about fourteene or fifteene

persons, in as good order as we could deuise: for we were foure

crossebowes, two harquebuziers, and eight or nine targets, and the most

part of vs carried very good slings, and eueryone eighteene riuer

stones, which weapon the Captaine inuented, because the Indians at the

first had handled vs very shrewdly with the multitude of stones which

they flang at vs: we had nothing to defende vs sauing our targets, and

to seeke to winne the fortes from whence they indamaged vs; he therefore

thought with these slings, that we might offend them, and we, likewise

thought well of his opinion, for making tryall of them, we threw very

well with them, and much farther than we thought we could haue done: for

the slings being made of hempe, we flung very farre with them. Nowe

being come to the watering place the sayd Wednesday by breake of day we

tooke the fort of the fountaine, which were certaine cragges or rockes

hanging ouer the same, betweene which there was an opening or deepe

valley through which this water runneth, which is no great quantitie,

but a little brooke not past a fadome broad. So standing all in order,

other foure or fiue Indians came thither, who as soone as they sawe vs

to be come on shore, and to haue gotten the toppe of the watering place,

they retired vnto a small hill on the other side, for the valley was

betweene them and vs: neither stayed they long before they beganne to

assemble themselues as they had done the day before by 10 and 10, and 15

and 15, ranging themselues on this high hill, where they made signes

vnto vs. And Francis Preciado craued license of the Generall to parley

with these Indians, and to giue them some trifles; wherewith he was

contented, charging him not to come too neere them, nor to goe into any

place where they might hurt him. Whereupon Francis went vnto a plaine

place, vnder the hill where the Indians stood, and to put them out of

feare he layd downe his sword and target, hauing onely a dagger hanging

downe at his girdle, and in a skarfe which he carried at his necke,

certaine beades to exchange with them, combs, fishinghooks and comfits.

And be began to goe vp the hill, and to shew them diuerse of his

merchandise. The Indians as soone as he had layd those things on the

ground, and gone somewhat aside, came downe from the hill and tooke

them, and carried them vp, for it seemed that their Lord was among them,

to whom they carried those trifles. [Sidenote: Truck and traffique with

the Indians for mother of pearle, and other things.] Then they came downe

againe, and layd to giue vnto him in the said place, an oyster of

pearles, and two feathers like haukes feathers, making signes to

Preciado that he should come and take them; which he did, and againe

layde there a string of belles, and a great fishhooke, and certaine

beades; and they taking the same, layd there againe another oyster of

pearle, and certaine feathers: and he layd downe other beads, two

fishhookes, and more comfits, and the Indians came to take them vp, and

approched much neerer vnto him, then at other times, and so neere that a

man might haue touched them with a pike, and then they began to talke

together: and 7 or 8 more came downe, vnto whom Francis Preciado made

signes, that they should come downe no lower, and they incontinently

layd their bowes and arrowes on the ground, and hauing layd them downe

came somewhat lower, and there with signes, together with them which

came first, they began to parle with him, and required mariners breeches

and apparel of him, and aboue all things a red hat pleased them highly,

which the saide Francis ware on his head, and they prayed him to reach

it vnto them, or to lay it in the place; and after this certaine of them

made signes vnto him to knowe whether he would haue a harlot, signifying

with their fingers those villanies and dishonest actions, and among the

rest they set before him an Indian of great stature dyed wholly with

black, with certaine shels of the mother of pearle at his necke, and on

his head, and speaking by signes to Francis Preciado touching the

foresaid act of fornication, thrusting their finger through a hole, they

said vnto him, that if hee would haue a woman, they would bring him one;

and he answered, that he liked well of it, and that therefore they

should bring him one. In the meane space on the other side where the

Generall stood with his company, another squadron of Indians shewed

themselues, whereupon the Generall and his company made a stirre, and

put themselues in battell array: whereupon Francis Preciado was inforced

to come downe from them, to ioyne with the General and his company: and

here the Indians which came last began to make signes that we should lay

downe something to truck, and that they would giue us some of their

shels of mother of pearle, which they brought vpon certaine small

stickes, and herewithall they came very neere vnto vs, wherewith we were

not well content. And Francis Preciado said vnto the Captaine, that if

it pleased him, hee would cause all the Indians to come together and to

stay vpon that high hill; and he answered, that it was best to draw them

all together, for by this time our men had taken in all their water, and

stayed for the boat: whereupon Francis taking a crowne of beades went

toward the valley, through which the water ran toward the Indians, and

made signes vnto them to call the rest, and to come all together,

because he would goe to the olde place, to lay things on the ground for

exchange, as at the first; and they answered that he should doe so, and

that they had called the others, and that they would doe, as he would

haue them, and so they did, for they caused them to come vnto them,

which they did, and Francis likewise went alone towards them, in which

meane space the Generall commanded his people to get into the boat.

Francis comming vnto the place beganne to lay downe his merchandise of

traffique, and afterwards made signes vnto them to stay there, because

he would goe to the ships to bring them other things, and so he returned

to the place where the Captaine was, and found them all got into the

boates, sauing the Generall and three or foure others, and the Generall

made as though he had giuen other trifles to Preciado to carry vnto the

Indians, and when he was gone a little from him, he called him back

againe, and all this while the Indians stood still, and being come vnto

him, wee went faire and softly to our boates, and got vnto them at our

ease, without any thronging, and thence we came aboord our ship.

The Indians seeing vs thus gone aboord came downe to the strand where

the brooke of water was, and called vnto vs to come foorth with our

boates, and to come on shore, and to bring our beades, and that they

would giue vs of their mother of pearles: but we being now set at dinner

made no account of them: whereupon they beganne to shoot arrowes at the

ship, and although they fell neere vs, yet they did not reach vs. In the

meane season certaine mariners went out in the boat, to wey the anker,

whereupon the Indians seeing them comming towards them, and bringing

them nothing, they beganne in scorne to shew them their buttockes,

making signes that they should kisse their bums: and these seemed to be

those that came last. The Generall seeing this, commanded a musket to be

once or twise shot off, and that they should take their iust ayme. They

seeing these shot to be made readie, some of them rose and went to shoot

their arrowes at our mariners, which were gone to weigh the ankers,

then the Generall commanded the great ordinance speedily to be shot off,

whereupon three or foure bullets were discharged, and we perceiued that

we had slaine one of them, for we assuredly saw him lye dead vpon the

shore: and I thinke some of the rest were wounded. They hearing this

noyse, and seeing him dead ranne away as fast as euer they could, some

along the shore, and some through the vallies, dragging the dead Indian

with them, after which time none of them appeared, saue ten or twelue,

which peeped vp with their heads among those rocks; whereupon another

piece of ordinance was discharged aloft against the place where they

were, after which time we neuer saw any more of them.

Chap. 11.