meeting of Parliament in 1851, introduced his Jewish Emancipation Bill
once more. The usual arguments were reiterated on both sides, and
the second reading was carried by the reduced majority of 25. In the
House of Lords the second reading was moved by the Lord Chancellor, on
the 17th of July, when it was thrown out by a majority of 36. In the
meantime Alderman Salomons had been returned as member for Greenwich,
and, following the example of Baron Rothschild, he appeared at the
bar, and offered to take the oath on the Old Testament, omitting the
phrase, "on the true faith of a Christian." The Speaker then desired
him to withdraw; but he took a seat, notwithstanding. The order of the
Speaker was repeated in a more peremptory tone, and the honourable
member retired to a bench behind the bar. The question of his right to
sit was then debated. Sir Benjamin Hall asked the Ministers whether
they were disposed to prosecute Mr. Salomons, if he persisted in taking
his seat, in order to test his legal right. Lord John Russell having
answered in the negative, Mr. Salomons entered the House, amidst
loud cries of "Order!" "Chair!" the Speaker's imperative command,
"Withdraw!" ringing above all. The Speaker then appealed to the House
to enforce his order. Lord John Russell then moved a resolution that
Mr. Salomons should withdraw. Mr. Bernal Osborne moved an amendment.
The House became a scene of confusion; and in the midst of a storm
of angry cries and counter-cries, Mr. Anstey moved the adjournment
of the debate. The House divided and Mr. Salomons voted with the
minority. The House again divided on Mr. Bernal Osborne's amendment,
that the honourable gentleman was entitled to take his seat, which
was negatived by 229 against 81. In defiance of this decision, Mr.
Salomons again entered and took his seat. He then addressed the House,
stating that it was far from his desire to do anything that might
appear contumacious or presumptuous. Returned by a large constituency,
he appeared in defence of their rights and privileges as well as his
own; but whatever might be the decision of the House, he would not
abide by it, unless there was just sufficient force used to make him
feel that he was acting under coercion. Lord John Russell called upon
the House to support the authority of the Speaker and its own dignity.
Two divisions followed--one on a motion for adjourning the debate, and
another on the right of Mr. Salomons to sit, in both of which he voted.
The latter was carried by a large majority; when the Speaker renewed
his order to withdraw, and the honourable gentleman not complying,
the Serjeant-at-Arms touched him lightly on the shoulder, and led him
below the bar. Another long debate ensued on the legal question; and
the House divided on two motions, which had no result. The discussion
of the question was adjourned to the 28th of July, when petitions
from London and Greenwich, demanding the admission of their excluded
representatives, came under consideration. The Speaker announced
that he had received a letter from Alderman Salomons, stating that
several notices of actions for penalties had been served upon him in
consequence of his having sat and voted in the House. A motion that
the petitioners should be heard at the bar of the House was rejected;
and Lord John Russell's resolution, denying the right of Mr. Salomons
to sit without taking the oath in the usual form, was carried by a
majority of 55. And so the vexed question was placed in abeyance for
another year so far as Parliament was concerned. But an action was
brought in the Court of Exchequer, against Alderman Salomons, to
recover the penalty of £500, for sitting and voting without taking
the oath. The question was elaborately argued by the ablest counsel.
Judgment was given for the plaintiff. There was an appeal from this
judgment, by a writ of error, when the Lord Chief Justice Campbell,
with Justices Coleridge, Cresswell, Wightman, Williams, and Crompton,
heard the case again argued at great length. The Court unanimously
decided that the words, "on the true faith of a Christian," formed an
essential part of the oath; and that, according to the existing law,
the Jews were excluded from sitting in either House of Parliament. This
judgment was given in the sittings after Hilary Term, in 1852.
[Illustration: BENJAMIN DISRAELI.
(_After the Portrait by A. E. Challon, R.A._)]
The history of this question of Jewish Emancipation gives proof,
as striking as any upon record, of the obstinacy and tenacity of
prejudice established by law, although no possible danger could arise
to the British Constitution from the admission of the Jews; although
Mr. Salomons had been elected Sheriff of London in 1835, and a Bill
was passed to enable him to act; although the year after, Mr. Moses
Montefiore was likewise elected Sheriff of London, and knighted by the
Queen; although in 1846 Jews elected to municipal offices were relieved
by Parliament from taking the oaths; although Baron Rothschild and
Alderman Salomons had been repeatedly elected by immense majorities;
although Bills for emancipating the Jews, the only class of her
Majesty's subjects still labouring under political disabilities on
account of their religion, were passed year after year by the House
of Commons, but were indignantly rejected by the House of Lords. At
length, in 1858, the Commons were obliged to admit the Jews by a
resolution of their own House, but it was not till 1860 that an Act was
passed permitting Jewish members of Parliament to omit from the oath
the words "on the true faith of a Christian."
[Illustration: ARREST OF BRITISH SAILORS BY GREEK SOLDIERS. (_See p._
606.)]
The Session of 1850 was creditably distinguished by the establishment
of a policy of self-government for our colonies. They had become so
numerous and so large as to be utterly unmanageable by the centralised
system of the Colonial Office; while the liberal spirit that pervaded
the Home Government, leading to the abolition of great monopolies,
naturally reacted upon our fellow-subjects settled abroad, and made
them discontented without constitutional rights. It was now felt
that the time was come for a comprehensive measure of constitutional
government for our American and Australian Colonies; and on the 8th
of February, Lord John Russell, then Prime Minister, brought the
subject before the House of Commons. It was very fully discussed,
Sir William Molesworth, Mr. Roebuck, Mr. Labouchere, and others who
had taken an active part in colonial affairs, being the principal
speakers. With regard to Canada, great progress had already been
made in constitutional government. The same might be said of Nova
Scotia and New Brunswick, in which the practice of administration
approximated to that observed in Great Britain. It was determined
to introduce representative institutions of a similar kind in Cape
Colony. In Australia it was proposed that there should be but one
Council, two-thirds elected by the people and one-third nominated by
the Governor. Mr. Roebuck objected strongly to the Government measure,
because it left the colonists free, to a great extent, to gratify the
strong desire almost universally felt among them to have power to
choose a Constitution for themselves, instead of having a Constitution
sent out to them, cut and dry. He wanted the House to plant at once
liberal institutions there, which would spare the colonists the agony
of working out a scheme of government for themselves. He declared
that "of all the abortions of an incompetent Administration, this was
the greatest." A ready-made Constitution had been sent out by the
Government to South Africa; why, then, could not Parliament send out a
ready-made Constitution to Australia? Lord John Russell replied to Mr.
Roebuck's arguments, and after a lengthened debate the Bill was read
a second time. There was a strong division of opinion in committee as
to whether there should be two Chambers or one. Sir William Molesworth
moved an amendment to the effect that there should be two, which was
rejected by a majority of 218 against 150. The Bill passed the House
of Commons on the 18th of May, and on the 31st was brought into the
Lords, where also it was subjected to lengthened discussions and
various amendments, which caused it to be sent back to the Commons for
consideration on the 1st of August. On the motion of Lord John Russell
the amendments were agreed to, and the Bill was passed. This was the
principal legislative work of the Session and possessed undoubted
merits.
The most interesting of all the debates that occurred in the House of
Commons during the Session of 1850 was that which took place on the
foreign policy of Great Britain, particularly with reference to Greece.
The House of Lords had passed a vote of censure upon the Government,
by a majority of thirty-seven, on a motion brought forward by Lord
Stanley, and folk were anxious to see how the House of Commons would
deal with that fact. On the 20th of June Lord John Russell read the
resolution, and said, "We are not going in any respect to alter the
course of conduct we have thought it right to pursue in respect of
foreign Powers, in consequence of that resolution." He concluded his
speech with the following bold defiance, which elicited general and
protracted cheering:--"So long as we continue the Government of this
country, I can answer for my noble friend [Lord Palmerston] that he
will act not as a Minister of Austria, or of Russia, or of France, or
of any other country, but as the Minister of England. The honour of
England and the interests of England--such are the matters that are
within our keeping; and it is to that honour and to those interests
that our conduct will in future be, as it has hitherto been, directed."
Mr. Roebuck, the next day, moved a counter-resolution in the following
terms:--"That the principles which have hitherto regulated the foreign
policy of her Majesty's Government are such as were required to
preserve untarnished the honour and dignity of this country, and, in
times of unexampled difficulty, the best calculated to maintain peace
between England and the various nations of the world." He supported
this position in an able and lengthened speech. The chief ground of
dispute was the demand of Palmerston for compensation to a person named
Don Pacifico, a Jew, and by birth a British subject, who resided at
Athens, and whose house had been attacked on a Sunday, his property
destroyed, and his family beaten by a mob headed by young noblemen.
The Greek Government refused him reparation, and he sought protection
from England. There was also the case of Mr. Finlay, whose land was
seized in order that it might be converted into a garden for the King
of Greece, the owner being refused payment; Lord Aberdeen, when Foreign
Secretary, having applied in vain for redress. There was also the case
of H.M.S. _Fantôme_, whose boat's crew had been arrested by Greek
soldiers; also other outrages equally serious. Lord Palmerston defended
his policy with his wonted spirit and ability, and with triumphant
success in a speech which, said Mr. Gladstone, lasted "from the dusk of
one day to the dawn of another." Mr. Gladstone arraigned the conduct
of the first Minister in sitting down contentedly under the censure
of the House of Lords, by sheltering himself under precedents which
were in fact no precedents at all. He charged Lord Palmerston with
violating international law, by making reprisals upon Greek property
to the extent of £80,000 to satisfy the exorbitant demands of Don
Pacifico; the fruit of this policy being humiliation, in regard to
France, and a lesson received without reply from the autocrat of all
the Russia's. Mr. Cobden also assailed the policy of Lord Palmerston,
and asked if there was no other way of settling such trifling matters
than by sending fifteen ships of war into Greek waters, which had
seized several gunboats, and more than forty merchantmen. Lord John
Russell defended the policy of the Government, and concluded by
declaring that by the verdict of that House and the people of England
he was prepared to abide, fully convinced that the Government had
preserved at the same time the honour of the country and the blessings
of peace. Mr. Disraeli, on the other hand, maintained that the House
of Lords had exercised a solemn duty in pronouncing a censure upon
the policy which had led to such terrible results. This debate will
be rendered for ever memorable in our annals by the speech of Sir
Robert Peel. It was one of the best speeches he ever delivered in that
House, and it was his last. He argued strongly against intermeddling
with the affairs of foreign nations in order to procure for them free
institutions, and concluded with the expression of his belief that the
cause of constitutional liberty would only be encumbered by our help;
whilst by intruding it we should involve Great Britain in incalculable
difficulties. When the hour for the division came the House was very
full--Ayes--310; Noes, 264; giving the Government a majority of 46.
On the day after this division a deputation of nearly ninety members
of the House of Commons, headed by Lord James Stuart, waited upon
Lady Palmerston, and presented her with a full-length portrait of her
husband, representing him in evening dress and wearing the ribbon of
the Order of the Bath. They requested her Ladyship to accept of that
testimony of their high sense of Viscount Palmerston's public and
private character, and of the independent policy by which he maintained
the honour and interests of the country. What made this presentation
singularly opportune was the fact that on the same day a telegraphic
despatch had been received from Paris, announcing the settlement of the
Greek question. The Government was undoubtedly strengthened by Lord
Palmerston's display, at a moment when its fall seemed inevitable.
Only a week after Sir Robert Peel delivered his memorable speech on
the foreign policy of the country, his career was suddenly terminated.
On the 22nd of June her Majesty's third son, Arthur William Patrick
Albert, had been baptised with the usual ceremonial pomp at Buckingham
Palace, and on the 29th Sir Robert Peel had called there and entered
his name in her Majesty's visiting-book. Proceeding thence up
Constitution Hill, he had arrived nearly opposite the wicket gate
leading into the Green Park, when he met Miss Ellis, one of Lady
Dover's daughters, on horseback, attended by a groom. Sir Robert had
scarcely exchanged salutes with this young lady when his horse became
restive, swerved towards the railing of the Green Park, and threw him
sideways on his left shoulder. He became unconscious, and remained so
till he was placed in a carriage, when he revived and said, "I feel
better." On being lifted out of the carriage at Whitehall Gardens,
he walked with assistance into the house. The effect of meeting his
family, however, caused a reaction. He swooned in the arms of Dr.
Foucart, and was placed upon a sofa in the nearest apartment, the
dining-room, from which he was never removed till his death. Sir
Benjamin Brodie, Mr. Cæsar Hawkins, Dr. Seymour, and Mr. Hodgson held
a consultation, and attempted to reduce the visible injury, but this
caused such agony that, at the patient's earnest request, the attempt
was abandoned. He passed a restless night on Saturday, and continued
in a very precarious state on Sunday and Monday. On Tuesday morning he
fell into a sound sleep, after which he felt easier, his mind being
quite composed. But at two o'clock on that day symptoms appeared which
caused the physicians to abandon all hope. The last rites of the
Church were administered by the Bishop of Gibraltar, Dr. Tomlinson,
a very old friend. Lady Peel and the members of the family joined in
this melancholy communion, Sir Robert being scarcely able to recognise
them. Lord Hardinge and Sir James Graham also joined the group of
mourners; but the painfully excited feelings of Lady Peel rendered it
absolutely necessary to remove her from the apartment. He ceased to
breathe about midnight, his great spirit departing peacefully from the
earthly tabernacle that had been so suddenly crushed (July 2, 1850). A
post-mortem examination showed that the cause of death was a broken rib
on the left side pressing upon the lung.
The death of no English statesman had ever produced a deeper feeling of
grief throughout the nation, or more general expressions of lamentation
at the irreparable loss which the country had sustained. Mr. Hume had
a motion on the paper for the day following his death; but instead of
proceeding with it, he moved the adjournment of the House, which was
agreed to unanimously. Mr. Gladstone paid an eloquent and touching
tribute to his memory, concluding with the lines--
"Now is the stately column broke,
The beacon light is quenched in smoke,
The trumpet's silvery sound is still,
The warder silent on the hill."
The House of Lords did not sit on that day; but on the following day
the Marquis of Lansdowne, Lord Stanley, Lord Brougham, and the Duke of
Wellington gave earnest expression to the feelings of their lordships
upon the subject of this national bereavement. The Duke of Wellington
in particular, as might be expected, was deeply moved while expressing
his great gratification at what had been said as to the character of
Sir Robert Peel. He added his testimony as to what he believed to be
its strongest feature--his truthfulness. "In all the course of my
acquaintance with Sir Robert Peel," said the Duke, "I never knew a
man in whose truth and justice I had a more lively confidence; or in
whom I saw a more invariable desire to promote the public service.
In the whole course of my communication with him, I never knew an
instance in which he did not show the strongest attachment to truth;
and I never saw in the whole course of my life the smallest reason for
suspecting that he stated anything which he did not firmly believe to
be the fact." Lord John Russell, who had been absent on the previous
day, spoke in the warmest terms of admiration of the late statesman,
and avowed his conviction that the harmony which had prevailed for
the last two years, and the safety which Great Britain had enjoyed
during a period when other nations were visited by the calamity of
revolution, had been owing to the course which Sir Robert Peel had
thought it his duty to adopt. He concluded by offering, in the name of
the Crown, funeral honours similar to those accorded on the death of
Pitt or Grattan. But Mr. Goulburn stated that Sir Robert had recorded
his desire to be interred in a vault in the parish church of Drayton
Bassett without funeral pomp. On the 12th of July, pursuant to a motion
made by the Prime Minister, the House of Commons went into committee
for the purpose of adopting an address to the Queen, praying her
Majesty to order the erection of a monument in Westminster Abbey to
the memory of Sir Robert Peel, which was unanimously voted. He stated
that the Queen, anxious to show the sense which she entertained of the
services rendered to the Crown, had directed him to inform Lady Peel
that she desired to bestow upon her the same rank that was bestowed
upon the widow of Mr. Canning. Lady Peel answered that her wish was
to bear no other name than that by which her husband was known to the
world.
INDEX.
Aberdeen, Lord, as Foreign Secretary, 524,
condemns Palmerston's foreign policy, 588.
Abolition of slavery in West Indies, 366-368.
Abuses, Poor-law, 361-363.
Acts, Railway, number passed, _temp._ William IV., 420.
Adelaide, Queen of William IV., 312;
unpopularity during Reform agitation, 350, 351.
Afghanistan, War in, 493.
Aggressive policy of Russia, Debate on the, 411.
Agrarian outrages in England, 325; in Ireland, 560-563.
Agricultural distress in England, 120, 224;
in Ireland, 403-406;
labourers and parish relief, 363.
Agriculture, State of, _temp._ George III., 187;
state of, in Ireland, 535.
Aix-la-Chapelle, Congress of, 138.
Albert Amadeus I. chosen king of Sicily, 583.
Albert, Prince, 467, 468.
Albuera, Battle of, 16.
Alexander, Mr., libel prosecution, 310.
Alexander of Russia and Bernadotte, 39;
treaty with Prussia, 63.
Algiers, Storming of, 122.
Alien Act, The, 136.
Aliwal, Battle of, 599.
Allies, The, muster against Buonaparte, 67;
preparations to crush him, 70;
severe fighting, 78-82;
enter Paris, 82;
treaty of Paris, 85;
treaty of Vienna, 87;
new treaty of alliance, 89.
Almack's, 439.
Ameers of Scinde. (_See_ Scinde.)
Amelia, Princess, Death of, 8.
America (U.S.), hostility to Britain, 32, 55;
preparations for war, 34;
invasion of Canada, 35, 105-110;
naval victories, 37;
British expedition against, 110-113;
contributions from, for relief of Irish famine, 547.
Anglesey, Marquis of, Viceroy of Ireland, 268;
on the Catholic question, 268-270;
on the state of Ireland, 278-280, 290, 291;
resignation, 292;
second term of office, 326.
Anti-Corn Law League, 481, 508, 509, 514;
literature, 483;
banquet, 484.
Annuities and pensions, Vansittart's proposals, 224.
Apprenticeship, Negro, in the West Indies, 367.
Architecture, State of, _temp._ George III., 199-201;
temp. William IV., 433.
Arms Bill (Ireland), passed, 527.
Army, Dress of, _temp._ George III., 203.
Art, Works of, captured by Buonaparte, restored, 118.
Arts and sciences, _temp._ George III., 199;
_temp._ William IV., 430.
Articles, the Thirty-nine, Dissenters relieved from subscription
to, 159-160.
Ashburton treaty, The, 492.
Ashley, Lord, and factory children, 454;
on the Corn Laws, 519.
Astronomy, _temp._ George III., 198;
_temp._ William IV., 430.
Auckland, Lord, Governor-General of India, 497.
Australia, Scheme for government of, 605.
Austria declares war against Buonaparte, 67;
revolution in, and in her dominions, 578-582;
flight of Metternich, 578;
emperor abdicates, 579;
Russia intervenes, 580;
the Italians revolt, 582;
quells the revolution in Italy, 585-587.
Babbage's calculating machines, 431.
Badajoz, Storming of, 226.
Bagration, Prince, command the Cossacks against Buonaparte, 42, 43.
Ballingarry, Battle of, 568.
Bank Charter Act, 524.
Bank notes, Circulation of, 238, 242, 244.
Bank of England, Run on, during passage of Reform Bill, 351.
Barclay de Tolly, opposed to Buonaparte in campaign of 1812, 41-46.
Batavia, Reduction of, 19.
Batthyány, Count, 580.
Bautzen, Battle of, 66.
Bean's attempt on Queen Victoria's life, 491.
Bedchamber question, The, 461.
Belfast, Queen's visit to, 573.
Belgium revolts from France, 319, 320.
Beloochistan, Napier's march across the desert of, 591.
Bentinck, Lord George, proposals for Irish relief, 543.
Bequests, Charitable, on behalf of education, 158.
Beresford, General, in the Peninsular Campaign, 15-18.
Beresina, Passage of the, 52.
Bernadotte elected Crown Prince of Sweden, 6;
opposes Buonaparte, 38;
plans the campaign against Buonaparte, 39.
Birmingham Political Union, 327.
Blanketeers, The, 124-127.
Blucher, Marshal, opposes Buonaparte, 63, 65, 69, 78-82;
in London, 86;
at Ligny, 95;
at Waterloo, 100.
Bogue forts, Capture of, 474.
Bologna, Bombardment of, 586.
Bonner's Fields, Chartists at, 558.
Borodino, Battle of, 46.
Bottle riot, The, 247, 248.
Bounties on various industries, Abolition of, 240.
Bourbons return to France, 83;
flight of Charles X., 318.
Bridge building, _temp._ George III., 192.
Brienne, Battle of, 78.
Bright, John, and Corn Laws, 482;
eulogy on Sir Robert Peel, 523.
Bristol, Reform riots at, 340-342.
Britain, Great, subsidies to foreign Powers against Buonaparte,
62, 74, 89, 91;
restores her conquests, 86.
Brougham, Lord, defends Queen Caroline, wife of George IV., 211;
on the regency, 312-314;
on the slavery question, 314;
on the French Revolution, 318;
becomes Lord Chancellor, 324;
condemns Palmerston's foreign policy, 588.
Brunel, Sir Mark Isambard, 431.
Brunswick Clubs in Ireland, 283.
Budget, A popular, 238;
Peel's Free Trade, 515.
Buonaparte, Joseph, King of Spain, flies from Madrid, 28;
defeat at Vittoria, and flight, 58;
appointed lieutenant of Paris, 76;
flight from Paris, 82.
Buonaparte, Louis, Abdication of, 4.
Buonaparte, Napoleon, divorces Josephine, 2;
marries Maria Louisa of Austria, 3;
quarrels with his family, 4;
birth of a son, 20;
instability of his empire, 21;
quarrels with the Church, 22;
war preparations, 38;
peace overtures to Britain, 40;
the Russian campaign of 1812, 41-54;
second campaign against Russia, 63;
battles of Lützen and Bautzen, 65, 66;
battles and flight from Leipsic, 68-71;
returns to Paris, 72;
subject kingdoms revolt, 72, 73;
liberates the Pope, 73;
Ferdinand of Spain, 75;
the Allies, 76;
battles at Brienne and La Rothière, 78;
Chatillon conference, 79;
surrender of Paris, 81;
abdicates, 83;
banished to Elba, 84;
escapes, 87;
reception in France, 89, 91;
collects a fresh army, 92;
battles of Ligny and Quatre Bras, 94;
battle of Waterloo, 98-102;
banished to St. Helena, death, 104.
Burdett, Sir Francis, presents a Catholic petition, 251;
his motion on Catholic
emancipation, 270;
attack on Wellington, 308.
Burghs, Scottish, Reforms of, 146.
Burns, Robert, 185.
Butt, Mr., opposes O'Connell's Repeal motion, 525.
Cabul, Retreat from, 495;
sack of, 503.
Calculating machines, Babbage's, 431.
Canada, Invasion of, by United States, 35, 105-110;
disaffection in, 396-400;
rebellion in Lower, 445-448.
Canals, Construction of, _temp._ George III., 190, 191.
Canning, Mr., on Catholic Emancipation, 223;
becomes Foreign Secretary, 230;
and the Spanish colonies, 236;
Prime Minister, 257;
death, 260.
Capital Punishment, Parliamentary inquiry, 145;
abolition of for various offences, 426.
Captives, English, Rescue of, by Sale, 502.
Carlowitz bombarded, 578.
_Caroline_, Capture of the, 446.
Caroline, Queen, 205;
arrival in England, 206;
charges against, 207;
inquiry ordered, 208;
Brougham's defence, 211;
claims to be crowned, 214, 215;
illness and death, 216;
funeral procession, 217, 218.
Cash payments, Resumption of, 143;
and currency troubles, 237.
Castlereagh's Coercion Bill, 25.
Catholic Association, 248-251;
effect on the elections, 252;
as a military organisation, 283.
Catholic Emancipation, 12, 248, 251;
Grattan's motions, 146, 166;
efforts for, _temp._ George III., 165;
Canning on, 223, 252;
Anglesey on, 268, 270, 290;
Burdett's motion, 270;
Wellington's memorandum, 281;
and letter, 290;
excitement in Ireland, 283, 284;
agitation in England, 288;
opposed by king and bishops, 293;
Peel's Bill and debate, 295-297;
becomes law, 299.
Catholic Powers, Agreement between, for defence of Papal
territory, 587.
Catholics, Number of, in Britain, 299;
eminent, in Ireland, 428.
Cato Street conspiracy, 154, 155.
Census Commissioners of 1841, Report of the, 416.
Champions and opponents of Reform, 135.
Charitable bequests on behalf of education, 158.
Charles X. of France provokes a revolution, 315;
the revolution of 1830, 316-318;
flight of the king, 318.
Charlotte, Princess, death of, 131.
Chartists, Rise of, 455;
riots, 457, 458;
the monster petition, 555;
the great demonstration, 557;
the petition presented, 558;
trials, 559.
Chatillon, Conference of, 79.
Cheetoo marauders in India, 138.
Chillianwallah, Battle of, 600.
China, War with, 472-475.
Cholera ravages in India, 139;
appearance of in England, 344.
Church, State of, _temp._ George III., 158-164;
in Scotland, 167;
Wales, 170;
Ireland, 171;
cess, 355, 359;
Temporalities Act (Ireland), 359-361;
reform in England, 407;
rates, 414;
_temp._ William IV., 428.
Churches and Chapels, Statistics of, 42.
Ciudad Rodrigo, Capture of, 26.
Civil List, the Regent's, debate on, 22;
George IV.'s, 205;
Victoria's, 444.
Civil war or the Reform Bill, 351.
Clare election, The, 271-278, 303
Clarendon, Lord, Viceroy of Ireland, 562, 566.
Clocks and watches, Improvements in the manufacture of, 198.
Coal-gas, Utilisation of, for lighting streets, etc., 198.
Coal mines, Development of, _temp._ George III., 196;
produce of, _temp._ William IV., 419;
operatives in, 490.
Coasting Trade, _temp._ William IV., 422.
Cobbett's _Political Register_ and the Reform Bill, 121;
flight of, 128.
Cobden, Richard, 482;
scene with Peel, 506, 507;
agitation against Corn Laws, 509, 510;
Peel's tribute to, 523.
Coercion Bill, Irish, 373, 375.
Coinage, Improvement of, 198, 202.
Colonial self-government, 600.
Combination Acts (capital and labour), The, 242.
Commerce, _temp._ George III., 157;
_temp._ William IV., 417.
Commons, House of, privileges, 468-470.
Conscience, Liberty of, various efforts for, 158-169.
Constables, Special, and Chartist riots, 556, 558.
Constitution, The New Prussian, 577.
Cookery, _temp._ William IV., 441.
Corn Law of 1815, 119.
Corn Laws, Agitation against, 147, 479-488;
relaxed, 245;
free trade in corn debates, 513-519;
_Times_ announcement, Peel's resolve, 519;
debates on, 521-523;
Corn Importation Bill becomes law, 523.
Coronation of George IV., 214-216;
of William IV., 343;
of Victoria, 451.
Corporations, Irish, Bill for the regulation of, 390.
Corporations, Municipal, inquiry into state of, 388.
Cotton spinners, Strike of, 138.
Court of George IV., Life at, 220.
Cracow, State of, annexed by Russia, 412.
Crime, Effect of Education on, 427.
Crime in Ireland, 560-562.
Criminal Laws, Amelioration of, 426.
Croatians invade Hungary, 578, 579.
Cumberland, Duke of, Grand Master of the Orange Societies, 394;
proposal to prosecute, 395;
becomes King of Hanover, 443.
Currency difficulties, 11;
paper, and scarcity of gold, 237;
bimetallic, 409.
Curtis, Dr., correspondence with Wellington on Catholic Emancipation,
289-290.
Customs duties, Effect on trade of abolition of, 522.
Custozza, Radetzky's victory at, 585.
Davoust's atrocities in Hamburg, 66.
Dead weight annuity, 224.
Defences of the country, Measures for improving the, 602.
Dennewitz, Ney defeated at, 70.
Disraeli, O'Connell's attack on, 387;
attack on Peel's Government, 511, 514, 516, 522;
leads the Conservative party, 602.
Dissenters, Restrictions on, 159, 160, 164;
eminent, _temp._ George III., 169, 170;
grievances and relief of, 264-267;
statistics of, _temp._ William IV., 427.
Distress, Agricultural, 120, 224, 403-406;
trade, 307, 308, 310.
Doyle, Dr., and Catholic Emancipation, 303.
Dramatists, _temp._ George III., 179-182;
_temp._ William IV., 439.
Dresden, Buonaparte meets his vassal monarchs at, 40.
Dress and fashion, _temp._ George III., 203;
_temp._ William IV., 442.
Drought, The, of 1826, 244.
Drummond, Mr., Assassination of, 506.
Dublin Custom House, Burning of, 376.
Dublin, Queen's visit to, 572.
Duffy, Gavan, Trial of, 570.
Dukes, Royal, Marriages of, 136.
Durham, Lord, mission to Canada, 447.
Earthquake at Jelalabad, The, 499.
Eastern question, 476.
Ecclesiastical Commissioners, Establishment of, 408.
Education, Charitable bequests on behalf of, 158;
Brougham's speech on, 205;
national (Ireland), 356, 359;
_temp._ William IV., statistics, 424;
effect on crime, 427;
Government scheme for, 463.
Egypt, Affairs in, 475.
Elba, Buonaparte at, 83, 84;
escapes from, 87.
Eldon, Lord, on Marriage Act, 226;
on O'Connell, 270;
on Clare election, 275;
interview with George IV. on Catholic question, 299.
Ellenborough, Lord, Governor-General of India, the Somnauth
proclamation, 504;
annexes Scinde, 591;
and Gwalior, 594;
recalled, 595.
Elliott, Ebenezer, and Corn Laws, 483.
Emancipation Bill, Catholic, Peel introduces, 295.
(_See_ Catholic Emancipation.)
Emaum-Ghur, Destruction of the fortress of, 591.
Emigration to America, 245.
Encumbered Estates Act (Ireland), 570.
Engineering, _temp._ George III., 188-195.
England, Municipal relief in, 387-389.
Engraving, _temp._ George III., 202.
Episcopalians, Scottish, Relief of, 168.
Etruria, Queen of, Buonaparte's treatment of, 21.
Exmouth, Lord, bombards Algiers, 122.
Expenditure, royal, Debate on, 142.
Exports, _temp._ William IV., 418.
Factories, Employment of children in, 454.
Famine, The Irish, 536-547.
Fashions in dress, _temp._ George III., 203.
Ferdinand of Austria abdicates, 579.
Ferdinand VII. of Spain restored, 86.
Ferozeshah, Battle of, 597.
Fiction, _temp._ George III., 171-174;
_temp._ William IV., 439.
Financial reforms, 224, 308.
Fire at Dublin Custom House, 376;
at Houses of Parliament, 376.
Foreign Enlistment Act, 146.
Forty-shilling freeholders, 254;
disfranchised, 301;
increase of, 510.
Fouché's intrigues, 85;
joins Buonaparte, 90.
Foundation schools in Ireland, Wyse's Report, 357.
France, relations with Spain, 232;
annexes Society Islands, 524;
interferes in Italian revolution, 586.
(_See_ Buonaparte, French Revolution.)
Francis attempts the Queen's life, 490, 491.
Francis Joseph appointed viceroy of Bohemia, 578;
becomes Emperor of Austria, 579.
Frankfort Parliament offers the imperial crown of Germany the
king of Prussia, 577.
Free Trade, effect on the imports, 423;
enunciation of in the Royal Speech, 478;
progress of, 507;
literature, 508;
principles triumph, 523.
French revolution of 1830, 315-318;
effect in England, 318;
of 1848, 550;
effect in Britain, 554;
in Ireland, 564;
in Austria, 578.
Friends, Society of, and abolition of slavery, 366;
and Irish famine, 538.
Fuentes d'Onoro, Battle of, 15.
Furniture, Household, _temp._ George III., 203.
Game Laws, Bill to amend, rejected, 305.
Garibaldi, General, and Italian revolution, 583;
defeats Neapolitans, defence of Rome, 587.
Gas for street lighting, Introduction of, 198.
George III., Insanity of, 8, 22;
jubilee, Regent appointed, 8;
children of, 135;
Duke of York, his guardian, 142;
death of, 156;
progress of the nation during his reign, 157-203.
George IV., Accession of, 202;
treatment of Queen, 206;
coronation, 214-216;
visits Ireland, 216, 218-220;
visits Scotland, 227-230;
opposes Catholic Emancipation, 292;
agrees to Peel's proposals, 294;
alarm at Peel's Bill, 298;
assents to the Bill, 299;
illness, death, character, 310, 311.
(_See_ Regent.)
Germany, Revolution in, 575.
Gladstone, Mr., attacks Palmerston's foreign policy, 606.
Glasgow, Chartists in, 555, 558.
Glass manufacture, _temp._ George III., 196.
Goito, Radetzky defeated at, 584.
Goojerat, Battle of, 601.
Görgei, Hungarian patriot, 580, 597.
Gough, Sir Hugh, in India, 594.
Grattan, Henry, motions on Catholic Emancipation, 146, 166;
death of, 205;
his opinion of O'Connell, 271.
Greece, struggles for independence, 262;
high-handed proceedings of, debate, 606.
Grey, Earl, 324;
retires from public life, 373;
character, 374.
Grey, Sir George, on state of Ireland, 560.
Guardians, Poor Law, 365.
_Guerrière_ and _Constitution_, Naval battle between, 36.
Gwalior, Annexation of, 594.
Habeas Corpus Act suspended, 127.
Hampden Clubs, 120.
Hanover, Separation of, from England, Duke of Cumberland becomes
king of, 443.
Hardinge, Sir Henry, Governor-General of India, 595, 597.
Haynau, General, 589.
Hill, Sir Rowland, and postal reform, 470.
Historians, _temp._ George III., 175-178;
_temp._ William IV., 435.
Holland, The French driven from, 72.
Holy Alliance and Congress of Verona, 231-236.
Hone satirises the Government, 128, 152;
trial of, 128-130.
Hôtel de Ville, Paris, Revolutionary attack on, 317.
Hume, Mr., his resolution on the Orange Societies, 394.
Hundred Days, the beginning, 87;
end, 104;
cost, 118.
Hungary, Revolution in, Kossuth appointed dictator, 579;
Russian intervention, 580;
debate on, 588.
Hunt, "Orator," 121, 147;
trial of, 156.
Huskisson, Mr., at Board of Trade, 239;
reforms, 239-242;
resigns, 264;
death, 319.
Hyde Park, _temp._ William IV., 441.
Hyderabad, Surrender of, 592.
Illegitimate children, Maintenance of, 364.
Imports, _temp._ William IV., 422.
Incendiarism in southern counties, 320.
India, Disturbances in, 138, 139;
consolidation of empire, 141;
affairs in Scinde, 589;
Ellenborough's policy, 590;
Napier's conquests, 590-594;
affairs in the Punjab, 594, 601;
Gwalior captured, 595;
the Sikh war, 595-600.
Industrial progress, _temp._ William IV., 416, 417.
Industries, Manufacturing, _temp._ George III., 195-198.
Inhabited houses in Great Britain, _temp._ William IV., 424.
Ireland, George IV.'s visit to, 218-220;
discontent and disturbances in, 222, 307;
Lord Wellesley, Viceroy, 222, 246;
social condition, 246, 535;
Marquis of Anglesey, Viceroy, 268, 278-280, 326;
the peasantry arming, 283;
distress in, 326, 403-406, 484;
Reform Bill for, 352, 353;
tithe riots, 355;
Clergy Relief Bill, 356;
national education, 356, 359;
church reform, 359, 372;
O'Connell's repeal agitation, 370;
tithe question, 371, 383;
municipal reforms, 390;
workhouse system, 405;
registration of voters (Stanley's Bill), 476;
threatened famine, 517;
the Arms Bill, 529;
the famine in, 536-547;
after the famine, 560;
rebellion in, 563-570;
the Queen's visit to, 571-573.
Irish Church, Mr. Ward's motion, 372.
Irish Confederation, 564.
Irish corporations, Bill for the regulation of, 390.
Irish famine, The, 535-547.
Irish Parliament, O'Connell's proposal to restore, 530.
Irish Poor, Bill for the relief of, 448.
Iron, Improvements in manufacture of, 196-198;
mines, 419.
Isas-zeg, Battle of, 580.
Italy, Revolution in, 582-586;
debate on, 587.
Jamaica Bill, The, 460.
Jelalabad, Defence of, 498;
relief of, 499.
Jellacic, Ban of Croatia, and Austrian revolution, 578;
invades Hungary, 579
Jewish Emancipation Bill, 603-605.
Johnson, Dr. Samuel, 174.
Joseph Buonaparte. (_See_ Buonaparte, Joseph.)
Jubilee of George III., 8.
Junot, Marshal, at Valoutina, 44.
Kennington Common, Chartist meeting on, 555.
Kent, Agricultural outrages in, 325.
Kent, Duke of, The marriage of, 136;
the death of, 156.
Khan, Akbar, 495.
Khyber Pass, 495, 497.
Kossuth, Louis, appointed dictator of Hungary, 579;
escapes to Turkey, 581;
takes refuge in England, 583.
Kutusoff, Russian general, opposes Buonaparte, 46-53.
Labédoyère, Execution of, 115.
Lamartine and French revolution, 553;
and Irish rebellion, 566.
Lamberg, Count, Assassination of, 579.
Landed Estates Court (Ireland), 570.
Lawless, Mr., a leader of the Irish rebellion, 283.
Lawrence, John and Henry, 600, 601.
Leinster declaration, The, 288.
Leipsic, Battle of, 71.
Liberators, The Order of, 286.
Lichfield House compact, 380.
Ligny, Battle of, 94, 95.
Literature, _temp._ George III., 171-187;
_temp._ William IV., 434-439;
of Anti-Corn Law League, 508;
Free Trade, 508.
Liverpool, Lord, death and character, 256.
Locomotive steam-engine, The, 194.
London, Anti-Corn Law agitation in, 484;
Chartist riots in, 558.
Londonderry, Lord, 227, 382.
Lords, House of, Petition for reform of, 392.
Louis XVIII. restored to France, 83;
flight of, 90;
returns, 104.
Louis-Philippe, King of France, 318;
the Spanish marriages, 548;
outbreak of the revolution, 550;
abdication, flight, death, 551.
Luddite riots, 25.
Lützen, Battle of, 65.
Machinery destroyed by rioters, 25, 244.
Macnaghten, Sir William, Assassination of, 495.
Madison, President (U.S.), attempt on Canada, 35, 105;
at capture of Washington, 110;
anxiety for peace, 114.
Madrid, Wellington enters, 28.
Mabrattas, Power of the, broken, 141;
conquest of Gwalior, 594, 595.
Malt Tax, Proposed abolition, 381, 382.
Manchester, Reform meetings at, 147-151;
opening of railway, 319;
Corn Law agitation at, 481-484.
Manin and the siege of Venice, 586.
Manners and customs, temp. George III., 202;
_temp._ William IV., 439, 440.
Manufactures, _temp._ George III., 196-198;
prosperous state of, 237;
_temp._ William IV., 418.
Manufacturing districts, Depression in, 147.
Maria Louisa, of Austria, marries Buonaparte, 3;
appointed regent, 64, 76;
flies from Paris, 81.
Marmont in the Peninsular campaign, 26.
Marriage laws, Reforms in, 225;
and Dissenters, 382;
Act, 409.
Marriage of Queen Victoria, 471.
Massacre, The Peterloo, 151, 152.
Massena in the Peninsular Campaign, 12-16.
Mathematical Science, _temp._ William IV., 430.
Mathew, Father, and temperance reform in Ireland, 526;
and the Irish famine, 537, 546.
Maynooth Grant, The, for educating Roman Catholic priests, 524.
Mazzini and Italian revolution, 582;
one of the triumvirate, 583.
Meeanee, Battle of, 592.
Meerpoor, Capture of, 592.
Melbourne, Lord, Prime Minister, 373, 386, 444;
and Queen Victoria, 478.
Messina bombarded, 583.
Metropolitan police, Establishment of, 323.
Metternich, Prince, and Buonaparte, 67;
and Austrian revolution, 578.
Milan, Revolutionary fighting in, 582;
Radetzky captures, 585.
Ministry, The Reform, 323.
(_See_ Reform Bill.)
Miscellaneous writers and literature, _temp._ George III., 178;
_temp._ William IV., 435.
Monster meetings, O'Connell's, 526, 530.
Moodkee, Battle of, 597.
Moolraj, Defeat of, 60.
Mooltan, Capture of, 601.
Mortality during Irish famine, 541.
Moscow, Russians evacuate, 46;
burning of, 47;
French retreat from, 48-54.
Mulgrave, Lord, Viceroy of Ireland, 395.
Municipal reform, 387-389;
corporations, inquiry commission, 388;
in Ireland, 390, 414, 450;
in Scotland, 391;
Reform Act, 444.
Murat, Marshal, at Moscow, 48;
deserts Buonaparte, 63;
revolutionary attempt at Naples, 105, 117;
execution, 117.
Music and musicians, _temp._ George III., 199.
Napier, Sir Charles, conquest of Scinde, 591-593.
Napoleon, Louis, elected to National Assembly, 552;
president of republic, 554;
special constable in London during Chartist riots, 556.
National Gallery, Inception of, 240.
National wealth, Increase of, _temp._ William IV., 418.
National workshops, French, Failure of the, 553.
_Nation, The_, Irish Repeal newspaper, 563.
Naval supremacy of Britain, 19;
battles during American war, 35-38.
Navarino, Battle of, 262.
Navigation Laws, Changes in, 239;
repealed, 602.
Navy, State of the, 407.
Neapolitans defeated by Garibaldi, 587.
Negro slaves in the colonies, 366.
Newspaper stamp duty, 401.
Ney, Marshal, in the Russian campaign, 50, 51;
deserts Louis Philippe, 90;
at Waterloo, 99;
Execution of, 115.
Nonconformists and Marriage Laws, 382;
statistics of, 427.
Norbury, Lord, Assassination of, 458.
Normanby, Lord, on crime and outrage in Ireland, 459.
Northumberland, Duke of, Viceroy of Ireland, 292.
Notes, bank, Circulation of, 238, 242, 244.
Novara, Charles Albert defeated at, 586.
Novelists, _temp._ George III., 171-174;
_temp._ William IV., 439.
Oaths, Parliamentary, Lord John Russell's Bill, 602, 603.
O'Brien. (_See_ Smith O'Brien.)
O'Connell, Daniel, and Catholic Association, 249;
as barrister, 270, 271;
Grattan's opinion of, 271;
the Clare election, 271-275, 303;
influence on the Irish peasantry, 286, 287;
refuses to take the oaths, 302;
arrested for sedition, 327;
agitates for Repeal, 370, 459, 525, 526, 530;
his quarrels, 385, 387;
crusade against House of Lords, 392;
desires to revive the Irish Parliament, 530;
trial, etc., 531, 532;
rejoicings on his liberation, 532;
parliamentary debate on the trial, 534;
Young Ireland party secede from, 534;
death and character, 561, 562.
O'Connor, Feargus, the Chartist, 455, 456, 482, 555.
Oliver the spy, and the rioters, 125.
Omerkote, Capture of, 592.
Operas, _temp._ George III., 199.
Opium war, The, 472-475.
Orange, Prince of, becomes King of Holland, 72.
Orange Societies in Ireland, 247;
riots in Ireland, 307;
lodges, 393, 394;
Duke of Cumberland Grand Master of, 394;
dissolution of the, 395.
Oregon boundary settled, 524.
Orleans dynasty, End of, 551.
Orleans, New, Pakenham's failure at, 111.
Orthez, Battle of, 75.
Outrages in Ireland, 458;
debate on, 459.
Outram, General, 590.
Overland route to India, 421.
Over-trading and speculation, 410, 411.
Oxford's attempt on Queen's life, 471.
Pacifico, Don, Case of, 606.
Painters and painting, _temp._ George III., 201;
_temp._ William IV., 432.
Palmerston, Lord, foreign policy, 374, 548;
interference in Spain, 574;
and Austrian revolution, 581;
and Italian revolution, 585;
debates on, 587, 589, 606;
testimonial to, 607.
Papal States, Revolution in, 583, 586;
Catholic powers restore the Pope, 587.
Paper, Reduction of duty on, 407.
Paris, Capture of, by the Allies, 81, 82;
treaties of, 89, 119;
the Allies enter, 103;
rioting in, 554.
Parliament, changes made by Reform Bill in, 354;
first reformed, 359;
Houses of, burnt, 376;
privilege of reports, 468-70.
Parliamentary Reform, Motions on, 148, 223, 320;
popular excitement, 322.
(_See_ Reform Bill.)
Peel, Sir Robert, on Catholic Emancipation, 249;
Clare election, 275-278;
Catholic
Emancipation Bill, 294, 295;
general election, 378, 380;
Bedchamber question, 462;
Corn Laws, the sliding scale, 487;
on Free Trade, 489, 507, 513;
scene with Cobden, 506;
Cabinet memorandum, 518;
on state of Ireland, 529;
his last speech, death, 607;
Wellington's testimony to, 608.
(_See_ Anti-Corn Law League, Corn Laws.)
Peers, Roman Catholic, Canning's motion for admission of, to
Parliament, 222.
Perceval, Mr., Assassination of, 23.
Periodical literature, _temp._ George III., 179;
_temp._ William IV., 435.
Peterloo massacre, 151;
debates, 152.
Petition, The Chartist, 558.
Picton, Sir Thomas, Death of, at Waterloo, 99.
Pindarrees, The, and the Mahratta wars, 138-141.
Pius IX., Pope, as reformer, 582;
his reforms, flight, 583;
restored by the Catholic powers, 587.
Plays and dramatists, temp. George III., 180;
_temp._ William IV., 439.
Poets, _temp._ George III., 181-187;
_temp._ William IV., 435.
Poland, Buonaparte promises to restore the kingdom of, 40;
enthusiasm of the Poles, 42.
Police, Metropolitan, Establishment of, 323.
Political parties, Changes in, 359.
_Political Register_, Cobbett's, and the Reform Bill, 121.
Political Union, The Birmingham, 327.
Poniatowski, Fate of, 71.
Poor, Irish, Relief of the, 403;
inquiry into state of, 404;
Bill for, 414.
Poor Law abuses, 361-363;
reform, 364-366;
Irish, Bill, 448.
Poor Law Act, Operation of the, 410.
Population, Agricultural, State of, _temp._ George III., 158.
Population, Increase of, in the United Kingdom, 416.
Portugal, Revolution in, 306, 412, 549.
Portuguese expedition, 255.
Postage, Penny, Establishment of, 464.
Potato crop, signs of failure, 516, 520;
precarious nature of, 536;
failure of, 536, 537.
(_See_ Famine, The Irish.)
Pottery, temp. George III., 195, 196.
Pottinger, Eldred, 494, 495, 590.
Press, Growing power of, 121;
liberty of the, 128;
influence on Reform Bill, 334.
Prevost, Sir George, an incompetent commander, 105, 107, 108.
Printing and allied arts, Improvements in, 198.
Privileges of the House of Commons, 468-470.
Progress of the nation, _temp._ George III., 157-203;
_temp._ William IV., 416-442.
Prosperity, Proofs of the national, _temp._ William IV., 418-424.
Protective duties, Abolition of, debate, 521.
Protestant schools in Ireland, 357.
Prussia declares war against Buonaparte, 63;
revolution in, 575.
Punjab, Disturbances in, 593;
annexation of, 601.
Pyrenees, Battle of the, 59.
Quadrilateral Alliance, 475.
Quakers, efforts to procure relief for, 163.
(_See_ Friends, Society of.)
Quatre Bras, Battle of, 95.
Radetzky, General, 579, 582, 586.
Railways, Commencement of, 194;
the first, 319;
progress of, 420.
Ramnuggur, British defeated at, 600.
Rate in aid, Ireland, 570.
Rebellion in Canada, 445-448;
in Ireland, 563-568.
Reciprocity Acts, 239.
Reform, Demands for, 120;
attempts at, 135.
Reform Bill, The, Ministry, 324;
preparing the Bill, 328;
introduced to Parliament, 330;
excitement in the country, 331, 334;
dissolution of Parliament, 333;
influence of the press, 333;
the new Parliament, 335;
the Bill re-introduced, 336-338;
rejected by the Lords, 339;
riots, 339, 340;
negotiations, 345;
passed by the Commons, 347;
threatened rejection by the Lords, 350;
finally passed, 352.
Reform, Poor Law, 364, 365.
Regency, Appointment of, 8, 10, 22;
question of, on accession of William IV., 312-314.
Regent, George, Prince of Wales appointed, 8;
Brougham's philippic against the, 120;
unpopularity of, 123;
death of his daughter, Princess Charlotte, 131;
royal expenditure, debates on, 142;
succeeds as George IV., 204.
Registration of births, marriages, and deaths, 410.
Religion, Progress of, _temp._ George III., 158-171;
_temp._ William IV., 427;
in Ireland, 428.
Religious freedom, Efforts for, 158-169.
(_See_ Catholic emancipation.)
Repeal of the Union, Mr. Butt opposes, 525;
Queen's Speech denounces, 529.
(_See_ O'Connell.)
Republic established in France, 552.
Retreat from Moscow, The French, 48-54.
Retrenching official salaries, 308.
Revenue and taxation, _temp._ William IV. 423, 424.
Revolution in Portugal, 306, 412, 549;
France, 315, 550;
Spain, 412;
Germany, Prussia, 575;
Austria, 578;
Hungary, 579;
Italy, 582.
Revolution of 1848, Palmerston on the causes of, 588.
Riots, Chartist, 457.
Roads, Construction of, _temp._ George III., 190;
_temp._ William IV., 420.
Roebuck, Mr., opposes Colonial Government Bill, 605;
on the Government's foreign policy, 606.
Rome, French capture, 587.
Rossi, Count, Murder of, 583.
Rothière, La, Battle of, 78.
Rothschild, Baron, and the abjuration oath, 603.
Runjeet Singh, 595.
Russell, Lord John, motion on Parliamentary Reform, 223;
obtains repeal of Test and Corporation Acts, 264;
introduces Reform Bill, 330, 336;
on the Tithe Question, 383;
on the Marriage Bill, 400;
on the Corn Laws, 519;
on the Jewish Emancipation Bill, 602, 604;
on the Colonial Government Bill, 605.
Russia, war with France, 38, 40-48;
heads the alliance against Buonaparte, 63;
and the Eastern Question, 411;
and the Hungarian revolution, 580, 583.
Sackett's Harbour, Attack on, 108.
Safety lamp, Miner's, 196.
Salamanca, Battle of, 27.
Sale, Sir Robert, rescues English captives, 502.
Salomans, Alderman, and the abjuration oath, 603.
San Sebastian, Storming of, 60.
Savings banks, Depositors in, 417;
as a proof of progress, 424.
Saw-mills introduced into Great Britain, 198.
Schools, _temp._ George III., 158;
_temp._ William IV., 425, 426.
Science, Progress of, _temp._ George III., 199;
_temp._ William IV., 430.
Scinde, Annexation of, 590-593.
Scotland, Attempt at insurrection, 155;
lay patronage in, 167;
relief of Episcopalians in, 168;
George IV.'s visit to, 227-230;
Reform Bill for, 353;
municipal relief in, 391;
famine in the north of, 540.
Scott, Sir Walter, 175, 436;
and George IV.'s visit to Scotland, 227.
Scottish burgh reforms, 146;
Reform Bill, 353.
Scottish Churches, eminent members of the, _temp._ William IV., 428.
Sculpture, _temp._ George III., 202.
Search, The right of, 33, 492.
Self-government, Colonial, 600.
Settlement, The Act of, 362;
changes in the law of, 364.
Shakespeare forgeries, The, 184.
Shere Mahommed defeated by Sir Charles Napier, 592.
Shipping, Progress of, _temp._ George III., 157;
steam vessels, _temp._ William IV., 417, 421.
Sicilian expedition to Spain, 29.
Sicily, Revolution in, 583.
Sikh War, The, 597-600.
Silk duties, Reduction of the, 241;
trade riots, 304;
state of trade, _temp._ William IV., 418.
Six Acts, The, 151, 152.
Slavery in the Colonies, debate, 314;
abolition of, in the West Indies, 366-368;
and the right of search, 492.
Sliding scale, Peel's (corn duties), 487.
Smith O'Brien on the state of Ireland, 527;
joins the Repeal Association, 533;
the Irish rebellion, 564;
capture of, 569;
trial, 570.
Smolensk, Storming of, 44.
Sobraon, Battle of, 599.
Social reforms, 145.
Society Islands annexed by France, 524.
Society of Friends and Irish famine, 474.
Somnauth proclamation, Ellenborough, 504.
Soult, Marshal, in the Peninsular Campaign, 12, 26, 30, 59, 75.
Sovereigns, Allied in London, 86.
Spain, Wellington's campaign in, 55-60, 75;
and her revolted colonies, 231, 236;
relations with France, 232;
revolution in, 412;
Palmerston's interference with, 574.
Spanish legion, The, 452-454.
Spanish marriages, The, 548.
Speculation, over-trading, etc., 242-244, 410, 411;
Parliamentary inquiry into, 254.
Spencean philanthropists, The, 121.
Stamp duty, Newspaper, 401;
revision of the stamp duties, 401, 402.
Stanhope, Earl, and religious freedom, 160-163.
Stanley, Mr., secretary to Irish Viceroy, 332;
his character, 354;
plan for national education (Ireland), 356, 359;
on abolition of slavery, 366;
on the Corn Laws, 518.
Steam, Application of, to travelling and to machinery, 194-196;
applied to vessels, _temp._ William IV., 421.
Steamboats, The first, in Great Britain, 195.
Street fighting in Milan, 582.
Subsidies to Continental Powers against Buonaparte, 62, 74, 89, 91.
Sugar duties, The, 512.
Sunday schools, _temp._ William IV., 424.
"Surrender" banquet at Derry, The, 288.
Suspension Act, Repeal of the, 132.
Switzerland, The French driven from, 73.
Syrian dispute, The, 475.
Taxation and Revenue, _temp._ William IV., 423, 424.
Taxes, Large reductions of, 488.
Temperance reform in Ireland, 526;
and the Repeal agitation, 527, 530;
and the Irish famine, 537.
Test and Corporation Acts, Lord John Russell's motion for repeal
of, 264;
debate on, 266;
repeal of, celebrated, 267.
(_See_ University.)
Thames Tunnel, Construction of the, 431.
Theological literature, _temp._ George III., 178.
Thistlewood and the Cato Street conspiracy, 154.
Tithe Commissioners, Establishment of, 409.
Tithe Commutation Act, 248;
riots in Ireland, 355;
the tithe question, debates on, etc., 371, 382, 409;
Bill (Irish), 450.
Toulouse, Battle of, 75, 76.
Trade, State of, 396;
depression of, 455, 485.
Trades unions and strikes, 368-370.
Turner, J. M. W., 431.
Tuscany, End of the revolution in, 586.
Ulster, the Orangemen in, 396.
Union of Great Britain and Ireland, Repeal of. (_See_ O'Connell.)
Union of parishes for poor-law relief, 364, 365.
_United Irishman, The_, advocates rebellion, 564.
United States of America. (_See_ America.)
University tests, debate in Parliament, 375, 382.
Unlawful Societies in Ireland Bill, 250.
Valoutina, Battle of, 44.
Venice, Revolution in, 582;
siege and capitulation of, 586.
Verona, Congress of, 231-236.
Vessels, Steam, _temp._ William IV., 421.
Viceroy of Ireland, Qualifications necessary for a, 245.
Victoria, Princess, Birth of, 156;
youth of, 310.
Victoria, Queen, Accession of, 443;
Lord Melbourne her mentor, 444;
the Civil List, her first Parliament, 444, 445;
her coronation, 451-452;
Melbourne Ministry resign, 459;
the Bedchamber question, 461;
disloyalty of the Tories, loyalty of O'Connell, 466;
approaching marriage announced, 467;
Bill for naturalising Prince Albert, debate, 467, 468;
Prince Albert's income, 468;
the marriage, 471;
attempts on the Queen's life, 471, 490, 491;
letter to the French queen on the Spanish marriages, 548;
visit to Ireland, 571-573.
Vienna, Congress at, 87, 117;
the bombardment of, 579.
Villiers, Mr., motions on the Corn Laws, 479, 484, 511, 523.
Vittoria, Battle of, 58.
Wales, Princess of, regent, 9.
Washington, U.S., captured by British, 110.
Waterloo, Field of, 96;
battle of, 98-102.
Wealth of the nation _temp._ George III., 157;
_temp._ William IV., 418.
Wedgwood, Josiah, and improvements in pottery, 196.
Wellesley, Marquis of, Viceroy of Ireland, 222, 246.
Wellington, Duke of, Peninsular campaign, 12-75;
prepares for Buonaparte, 98;
battle of Waterloo, 98-102;
plenipotentiary at Verona congress, 231-236;
Prime Minister, 262;
on the Catholic question, 281;
duel with Earl of Winchilsea, 300;
financial reforms, 309;
declares against Parliamentary Reform, 320, 321;
his Ministry defeated, 324;
on the state of Ireland, 527;
his testimony to Peel's character, 608.
West Indies, Abolition of slavery in, 366-368;
and sugar duties, 512.
Wetherell, Sir Charles, and the Bristol rioters, 340, 341.
William III., his statue blown up, 396.
William IV., Accession, 312;
popularity, 312, 314;
question of regency, 313;
and the Reform Bill, 340;
coronation, 343;
unpopularity, 350;
on the Irish Church, 372;
death and character, 414, 415;
progress of the nation during reign of, 416-442.
William IV. of Prussia and the revolution, 576;
a new constitution, 577;
declines imperial crown of Germany, 578.
Windischgrätz, General, 579.
Wool, Reduction of duties on, 241;
state of the trade, _temp._ William IV., 418.
Workhouses in England, 362-365;
in Ireland, 405.
Working classes, _temp._ George III., 157.
Wyse, Mr., Report on Foundation schools in Ireland, 357.
York, Duke of, Commander-in-Chief, 111;
becomes guardian of George III., 142;
declares against Catholic Emancipation, 251;
death, 254.
Young Ireland party, 533;
secede from O'Connell, 534;
history of, 563.
PRINTED BY CASSELL & COMPANY, LIMITED, LA BELLE SAUVAGE, LONDON, E.C.
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| Transcriber Notes: |
| |
| P. 79. 'Lichstenstein' changed to 'Liechtenstein' P. 107. |
| 'Ooracoke' changed to 'Ocracoke'. P. 610. 'Neaoplitans' in |
| index of Garibaldi changed to 'Neapolitans'. Fixed various |
| punctuation. |
| |
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End of Project Gutenberg's Cassell's History of England, Vol. V, by Unknown