=Napoleon Buonaparte=.

(_Note._--Items concerning Napoleon's relations with persons or

places will be found under the respective names of such subjects.

For a conspectus of events in his career, _see_ the Tables of

Contents in each volume.

For aphorisms by or concerning Napoleon, _see_ =Phrases=.

For details of his character _see_ paragraph below,--_Analysis

of character_.)

Birth and infancy, i. 33-47;

brothers and sisters, 33, 34;

forms of his name, 38;

nicknames, 39;

his personal recollections of childhood, 40, 45;

development of military genius at the snow forts, 53;

challenges a schoolmate, 51;

letter to his father, 58;

conceptions of the state, 78;

aptitude for the navy, 57;

two enemies of, 65;

views on and first lessons in revolution, 123-134, 156, 190;

hatred of France, 92, 122;

improvement in financial condition, 127;

a Corsican revolutionist, 130;

first appearance as an orator, 132;

political schemes, 137;

certificates as to his republicanism, 136, 140;

prepared for confirmation, 146;

his detractors, 148;

his desire concerning his biographies, 148;

course of life from 1791 to 1795, 148 et seq.;

payment of debts, 149;

growing notoriety, 156;

a starting-point of his career, 159;

addresses the Minister of War on the National Guard, 159;

debts of, 159;

a Corsican Jacobin, 160-179;

strained relations with the Ministry of War, 160, 295;

purchases sequestrated church lands, 161;

election methods, 166;

his "civism," 170, 180;

with the mob at the Tuileries, 176;

on riots, 176;

relations with the Marseilles deputation, 178;

on the conflict of August 10, 1792, 178;

seeks commission in naval artillery, 182;

aims at Corsican leadership, 202;

failure in politics, 211;

general of brigade, 232, 236-242, 287;

his own record of his life, 237;

influential friends, 236, 240, 244;

a Jacobin general, 236-246;

denies his nobility, 237;

refuses to obey the Convention's summons, 240;

a Montagnard, 242;

the "plan-maker" of the Robespierres, 245;

the germ of his military system, 247;

vicissitudes in war and diplomacy, 247, 259;

suspension and arrest, 254-259;

appeal to the "representatives of the people" (1794), 255;

release, 257;

the end of apprenticeship, 260-271;

degraded from artillery to infantry, 278;

Jacobin proclivities, 284, 286;

renounces Jacobinism, 286;

the General of the Convention, 287-301;

plans marriage and settled life, 294;

jealousy directed against, 310;

his police services, 310;

courtship and marriage, 310, 323;

a typical Corsican, 311;

views on love and marriage, 311;

adopts new spelling of his name, 321;

a product of Carnot's system, 332;

the Oedipus of France, 339;

on a great stage, 339-351;

demands reinforcements, 347;

insists on unity of command, 348;

keynote of military policy, 348;

secret of his military success, 351;

"the Little Corporal," 362; iv. 154;

an insubordinate conqueror and diplomatist, i. 363-377;

entrusted with diplomatic powers, 364;

threats against, 364;

prostitution of his subordinates, 366, 376;

scheme of art plunder, 368;

views concerning arts and sciences, 369;

plans succeeding the capture of Milan, 372-377;

refuses bribes, 376;

a prophecy fulfilled, 385;

narrow escapes, 393;

extinction of the Corsican in, 404;

memoirs, 417;

military jealousy directed against, 426;

independent attitude of, ii. 4;

attitude toward royalty, 4;

"a personage in Europe," 9;

plans for building up sea power, 18;

bribery of and by, 19;

constructive commander-in-chief of French forces, 36;

represses pillage, 42;

supplanter of the Revolution, 46;

his "complete code of politics," 49;

theories of government, 49, 50;

doubtful points in connection with the Egyptian campaign, 49-52;

on English political history, 50;

"the pear is not yet ripe," 52;

assumes the role of a prophet, 66;

el Kebir, the Exalted, 67;

receives secret information from his brothers, 79;

summoned to take supreme command, 80;

death at St. Helena, 82; iv. 234;

gives toast: "the harmony of all the French," ii. 101;

scheme to make him consul, 102;

secret meeting of his friends, 15th of Brumaire, 102;

critical moment in Talleyrand's house, 103;

temporary dictator, 106;

speech to Barras's messenger, 19th Brumaire, 107;

dangerous confidence of, 109;

"traitor and outlaw," 113, 115, 122;

the arbiter of French destiny, 121;

reports of his wealth, 122;

First Consul, 124, 125, 130;

royalist predilections for, 134;

his choice of two policies, 138;

the epoch of, 139;

importance in universal history, 139;

apparent loss of military ambition, 140;

choice of administrators, 140, 149-153;

English views of, 143, 144;

salary as First Consul, 150;

the personality of the council of state his, 152;

aims at centralization of government, 153;

beneficent effects of his regime on the world, 153;

controls foreign relations, 153;

foreign policy, 157, 158;

makes enemies as First Consul, 158;

the fate of France identified with his, 158;

contrasts administrative with military glory, 164;

on the art of war, 165;

expansion of his schemes, 172;

his favorite tactics, 177;

distinction between the statesman and the general, 183-185;

violation of the constitution in assuming command, 186;

undisputed mastery of France, 185;

sportive tricks with old dynasties of Europe, 194;

period of his greatest renown, 198;

married life, 198, 199, 256;

malicious libels on, 199;

as kingmaker, 205;

urged by Russia to declare himself king, 209;

codification of the laws, 222;

regenerates feudal society, 224;

study of law, 227;

his interest in education, 227;

the new era, 229;

method of deporting opposition, 235-238;

apparent summit of his power, 239;

plots and attempts to assassinate, 239, 240; iv. 122, 138, 144;

policy toward his enemies, ii. 241;

popularity, 244-249;

proposal to make him king, 248;

the tool of fate and architect of his own fortunes, 250;

his first marriage, 250;

a soldier of fortune, 250;

at maturity, 250 et seq.;

a man of all ages, 253;

the personification of France, 253;

effect of conspiracies on, 255;

safeguards for, 256;

on friendships, 256;

on the forces by which kings rule, 256;

effect of his married life on the Code, 257;

war a necessity to, 268;

French admiration for, 377;

expansion of the revolutionary system, 278;

relations with the diplomatic corps, 279, 280;

consular levee of March 13, 1803, 280;

reception of diplomatic corps, Apr. 4, 1803, 284;

remonstrances against adulation of, 295;

mortification of, 312;

on the pinnacle of revolutionary power, 314;

brief review of his career, 314-318;

creates a virtual tyranny, 315;

"consul, stadholder, or emperor?" 321;

his imperial title, 323;

his civil list, 323;

heraldic device of the empire, 323;

secures the imperial succession to his family, 324;

inauguration of the empire, 326;

coronation, 327, 339 et seq.; iv. 249;

his naval plans of 1805, ii. 334;

reception of the news of Trafalgar, 334;

as a man of science, 335;

his strength with the army, 334;

forms of his strategy, 337;

fear of poison, 341;

encourages arts and sciences, 347-351;

first speech from the imperial throne, 347;

germs of the national uprising against, 348;

the spell of his name, 349;

deprecates war, 351;

backed by the nation, 352;

"moderation" of, 355;

anger at naval failures, 360;

rapidity and perfection of his movements, 363;

his military commanders, 364;

sinks the emperor in the general, 364, 423; iii. 112, 404;

the head of the French Empire, ii. 395;

demands recognition as Emperor of Rome, 396;

violation of dynastic ties, 404;

ideas about territorial sanctity, 404;

"Napoleon the Great," 407;

the imperial catechism, 408;

traveling arrangements, 425;

distrust of his suite, 426;

simplicity of his military dress, 438;

likened to an octopus, 445;

political methods and policies, iii. 1, 76, 115, 196, 316;

a new seat of war for, 3;

determined to "conquer the sea by land," 3;

new experience in campaigning 5;

his first child, 11;

the center of his administration, 24;

the supports of his empire, 24;

centralization of government in, 25;

nameless charges against, 26;

his excuses for his license, 26;

his monogram (N) 39, 40;

commercial policy, 46, 137;

attitude toward the Russo-Prussian alliance, 54;

preference for action before words, 66;

recognizes the power of decorations, 81;

drafts on his associates, 81;

the surname of Napoleon, 82;

on the ambitions of the French people, 83;

on paternal government, 83;

personal decrees, 86;

recognizes popular fickleness, 86;

creates a titled class, 86;

art under, 88;

system of imperial patronage, 91;

discourages gambling, 92;

relations with his friends and generals, 93;

imprisons a milliner, 92;

pert remarks addressed to, 94;

supposed cause of the turn of his fortunes, 96;

ignorance concerning American affairs, 101;

realizes the limitations of his power, 110;

his "master," 110;

ill luck at sea, 112;

political system of, 115;

the height of his power, 115;

crushes a watch in passion, 130;

his determination to crush opposition, 130;

intercepts suspected correspondence, 130, 162;

his "cabinet noir," 130;

turn of his fortunes, 137, 151;

justifies pillage, 159;

crushing blows, 159, 161 et seq.;

the embodiment of power, 160;

divorce impending, 160;

system of territorial expansion, 165;

his extinctions of ruling dynasties, 165;

diplomatic exhibit of his political scheme at St. Cloud, 169;

dramatic incident at performance of "Oedipe," 172;

appreciation of the drama, 173;

familiarity with ancient history, 174, 175;

thickening of the divorce plot, 179;

the character of his civilization, 179;

orders list of marriageable princesses to be prepared, 179;

a gang of self-seeking traitors to, 193;

well informed on the European situation, 195;

system of spies, 196;

skilful historians on, 196;

shifts responsibility for wars onto the enemy, 198;

his plan of campaigns, 202;

policy of wooing people and abusing their rulers, 213;

Bonaparte distinguished from Napoleon, 231; iv. 39, 133;

ultimate terms of peace, iii. 239;

sick of war, 238;

dread of assassination, 240;

excommunicated, 242;

change in his manner, 245;

his "harem," 246;

declining popularity, 249;

basis of his power, 250;

alleges the reasons for his divorce, 253;

decides on the Austrian marriage, 254;

second marriage, 259;

banishes the cardinals, 259;

renounces title of Roman Emperor, 261;

consolidation of his power, 262;

fills vacant bishoprics, 263;

extent of his empire, 264, 278;

change of naval policy, 264;

the national uprisings against, 269;

causes leading to his overthrow, 269;

mistaken policy of providing thrones for relatives, 278;

his perquisites in English sugar and coffee, 279;

Spanish schoolboys' nickname for, 292;

deals with state property for personal benefit, 295;

policy of personal attachments, 295;

his "extraordinary domain," 295, 305;

imperial residences, 301;

endows maternity hospital, 301;

chooses between lives of child and mother, 302;

aspirations for sea power, 304;

flood-tide of success, 305;

method of replenishing an empty treasury, 305, 309;

the man and the embodied political force of Europe, distinguished,

306-309;

"Emperor of the Continent," 308;

an incident that changed the course of history, 314;

new naval schemes, 315;

belief in the devotion of France, 316;

policy of territorial aggrandizement, 316;

his ideal, 319;

beginning of his decline, 319;

considered the anti-christ, 322;

secret funds, 323;

studies Roman history, 325;

warned against war by ministers and friends, 326;

warned of the fate of Charles XII, 326;

moral reforms, 327;

the climax of his drama, 331;

physical characteristics at opening of the Russian campaign of

1812, 332;

afflicted with dysuria, 332;

address to his army before the Russian campaign, 334;

plans of action, 335, 336;

longing for a great battle, 337;

desperate military straits of, 341;

deplores the barbarity of war, 343;

contracts a loathsome disease, 352;

weakness and indecision on the retreat from Moscow, 355;

shares the hardships of the army, 357, 362, 365;

commands a division of the army, 363;

bulletin of Dec. 3, 1812, 372;

false report of his death, 376;

wrath of the army against, 376;

"robbed the cradle and the grave," 386;

revolutionary training, 388;

his "library," 388;

on credit, 389;

faces a European coalition, 391, 392;

refuses to cede European holdings, 392;

conciliatory attitude, 393;

fallacies of his military schemes of 1813, 394;

aims of the new coalition against, 399;

belief in cavalry, 402;

attitude toward Austria, 404;

his blunder of 1813, 411;

the beginning of the final disaster, 411;

a tyro in dynastic politics, 416;

alleged turning-point in his career, 418;

suspects treachery, 418;

isolation of, 417, 423;

characterizes his Austrian marriage as stupidity, 418;

his first fatal blunder, 420;

tries to bribe Austria, 424;

former friends turn against, iv. 2;

advantage over the allies, 3;

the hazard of the die, 4;

characterization of the allies, 5;

value of his presence in the field, 10;

climax of disaster, 16;

appeals to sentiment rather than history, 16;

the wonder-year of his theoretical genius, 16;

transformed from strategist into politician, 17;

the diplomat outstrips the strategist, 16;

definition of a great man, 21;

outwitted by the allies, 25, 26;

the savior of society, 43;

found out by the masses, 44;

newness of his nobility, 44;

his aim the independence of the nations, 45;

spends his private treasure on the army, 50;

his last official act, 53;

no longer Emperor, 53;

leaves Paris for Chalons, 53;

value of his prestige, 60;

his supreme military effort, 59;

a famous march by, 64;

the allies' determination to exterminate the Napoleonic idea, 66, 67;

his military correspondence, 1814, 66;

yields to his marshals, 69;

estrangement and desertion of his marshals, 72, 121, 129-132;

suggestion that he abdicate, 74;

realizes the war is for his extermination, 80;

"the spasmodic stroke of the dying gladiator," 83;

rouses the peasantry to guerrilla warfare, 85;

desperate scheme of, 90;

"this movement makes or mars me," 97;

capture of a bundle of letters from Paris for, 98;

chances for a last stand, 102;

contemplates a new levy, 106;

the allies refuse to treat with, 114;

proposal that he govern France under guarantees, 114;

overthrown by the legislature, 115;

regains his equilibrium, 117;

rage at learning of the surrender, 116;

the allies refuse to negotiate with, 117;

his first abdication, 117, 123-125, 128;

influence over the troops, 118;

desertion of the army, 126;

the knell of the empire, 127;

proclamation of April 5, 1814, 129;

a homeless citizen of the world, 129;

determination never to be taken alive, 129;

final form of his declaration of abdication, 131;

use of the imperial style, 133;

the savior of European society, 133;

treatment accorded to, by the allies, 133-142;

parting gifts to old acquaintances, 134;

treasure at Blois, 134;

denies the charge of usurpation, 135;

alleged to be a bastard, 137;

alleged theft of crown jewels, 138;

his true name said to be Nicholas, 138;

calumnies heaped on, 138, 143;

plots for the exile of, 138;

adopts disguise, 139;

farewell to the allies' commissioners, 140;

effect of English customs on, 140;

begins the administration of his island realm, 141;

treasure at the Tuileries, 141;

his historical commentaries, 141;

forced to practise economy, 142;

diminution of his private fortune, 144;

scheme to deport him still further, 145;

keeps informed as to course of European events, 146, 149;

scouts the idea of a regency, 152;

prepares for his escape, 152;

alleged fears of deportation, 152;

his escape justified, 152;

dismisses the peasantry from his column, 155;

troops flock to, 158;

forms his new cabinet, 159;

acquiesces in popular demand for constitutional government, 159;

the apostle of popular sovereignty, 160;

views on abolition of censorship of press, 160;

devotion to the cause of public liberty, 161;

resolution of the European dynasties to extirpate his regime, 161;

"the enemy and disturber of the world's peace," 162;

proclaimed an outlaw, 162, 164;

turns toward the moderate liberals, 165;

call for volunteers, 165;

his reconstituted corps of marshals, 167;

proclamation to the army, June 15, 1815, 173;

apparent successes of June 16, 1815, 184;

effects of his inactivity, 194;

his last dream of glory, 196, 197;

loss of the last chance, 205;

the emperor contrasted with the general, 207;

demand for his abdication, 217;

calls for him as dictator, 218;

idea of regaining the government by force, 218;

abdicates for the second time, 218;

adopts civilian's clothing, 219;

the government refuses responsibility for his safety, 219;

romantic schemes for his escape, 222;

desire for his execution, 224;

regarded as the common prisoner of the allies, 225;

General Bonaparte, a private citizen, 226;

appeals against his sentence, 226, 227;

upholds polygamy, 231;

his autobiography, 230, 231;

efforts for his release, 230, 231;

as a prisoner, 230-235;

attempts intercourse with friends in France, 231;

farewell message to his son, 231;

his testament, 233;

bequests and their settlements, 233;

last sickness and death, 234;

a possible epitaph, 247;

his rise to power, 247 et seq.;

questionings as to his life and work, 247 et seq.;

his love of artillery, 248;

lack of education, 250;

on greatness, 249;

influence on history, 253 et seq.;

early struggles, 254 et seq.;

methods of acquiring supreme power, 258, 262, 263;

lasting character of his work, 259;

legal reforms, 260;

police system of, 260;

centralization of his administrative system, 260, 261, 264;

social reforms, 260, 261, 264;

educational system, 260;

the secret of his downfall, 261;

position among lawgivers and statesmen, 260;

rule by military force, 261;

attitude toward democracy, 261;

deficient education in politics and history, 262;

influence on modern times, 262, 292;

popular distrust of his character, 263;

meets intrigue with intrigue, 263;

responsibility for bloodshed, 265;

causes of his downfall, 285-288, 290;

his place in history, 285-292;

essays the role of liberator, 286, 290, 293;

in captivity, 289;

his "Correspondence," 289;

roots out absolutism, 292;

his artificial aristocracy, 294.

_Analysis of character_.

Ability to mold men, ii. 4, 5, 9, 33-36, 56, 97, 98, 102-105,

126, 132, 142, 149-153, 159, 164, 194, 196, 234, 361; iv. 39,

258, 259;

as an adventurer, iv. 291;

ambition, i. 55; 65, 71, 113, 117, 136, 161, 191, 199, 203, 206,

209, 258, 263, 310, 311, 341, 346, 362, 405; ii. 14, 29-32, 48,

73, 157, 314, 437; iii. 19, 21, 46, 83, 109, 110 114, 164, 245,

306, 308, 329; iv. 255, 261-265, 292;

amusements, iv. 228, 230;

anxiety for his safety and comfort, iv. 134;

asceticism, i. 111;

autocracy, ii. 275;

bravado, iii. 18;

use of bribery, acceptance and rejection of bribes, i. 203; ii. 34;

as a burgher, ii. 279; iv. 248;

calmness under stress, ii. 334; iv. 165;

use of cant, iv. 45;

capacity for work, energy, industry, and attention to detail,

i. 210, 225, 245, 261, 263, 367; ii. 10, 29, 153, 197, 215, 222,

426; iii. 19, 24-26, 29, 53, 74, 77, 92, 171, 182-184, 209, 210,

216, 268, 269, 325, 333, 336-338; iv. 23, 54, 248-252, 265, 286;

casuistry, i. 144;

caustic, sarcastic or vigorous tongue or pen, i. 66, 118, 205;

ii. 56, 58, 107, 108, 113, 159, 268, 391; iii. 34, 35, 61, 62,

65, 81, 213-215, 275, 327, 332, 343;

caution, i. 211, 253; ii. 122, 315, 384;

(lack of), ii. 315; iii. 3;

change in temperament, iii. 232;

character at Brienne, i. 58;

cheerfulness and good humor, ii. 197, 279; iii. 19, 52;

clemency, ii. 439;

coffee-drinking habit, iv. 24;

contempt for ideals, ii. 199; iii. 26; 88, 148, 315, 316;

contempt for men and money, iv. 264;

cosmopolitanism, 92;

courage, i. 265-390, 393, 405; ii. 385; iii. 16, 19, 188, 240;

iv. 62, 77;

charge of cowardice against, ii. 384;

a criminal, iv. 250;

cruelty, ii. 70, 417, 439;

decay of physical and intellectual powers, neglect of details,

vacillation, etc., iii. 27, 93, 181; 209, 239-241, 246, 332,

347, 355; iv. 21, 31, 91, 197, 205, 214-218; 249, 285-291, 293;

desire for peace, ii. 142, 420; iii. 238, 382, 407, 414, 418, 424;

iv. 52, 160;

desperation, iii. 91;

despondency and pessimism, i. 80, 89, 98, 215; iii. 357; iv. 129;

despotism, iii. 80, 83, 86, 88, 121, 316; iv. 261;

the man of destiny and of the hour, the representative man of his

epoch, a fatalist and opportunist, i. 1, 80, 143, 166, 171,

219, 237, 272-286, 321; ii. 97-110, 139, 381; iii. 61, 325;

iv. 119, 168, 219, 256, 265, 289;

determination to rule or ruin, iii. 399;

his "divine character," ii. 407;

domestic virtues--filial, parental, and connubial affection,

i. 58, 64, 81, 141, 145, 161, 264, 285, 291, 309, 452-455;

iii. 181, 224, 246, 252, 269, 276, 302, 306, 323, 327, 381,

392, 416; iv. 134-138, 169;

love of dramatic effect; ability as an actor, i. 210, 341;

ii. 31; iii. 112; iv. 153, 166, 249;

dread of assassination and kidnapping, ii. 101; iii. 240, 368;

iv. 139, 150;

dreams of universal and European empire, i. 323; ii. 269, 272,

331, 336, 395; iii. 46, 73, 111, 328, 408, 432, 433; iv. 42,

159;

dreams of Oriental conquest and empire, i. 78, 114, 293, 296,

317, 424; ii. 15-19, 47, 51-56, 61, 66, 73, 289, 440; iii. 20,

21, 33, 36, 51, 65, 106, 110-113, 117, 129, 159, 163, 166, 167,

309, 332, 352; iv. 256;

dress, i. 376; ii. 30, 438; iii. 40, 63, 93. 257;

duplicity, shiftiness, and versatility, i. 210, 234, 253, 265,

296, 299, 309, 396, 397, 447;

dynastic ambitions and longings for an heir, ii. 233, 244-249,

256, 308, 317, 322, 328, 341; iii. 82, 104, 112, 147, 160, 246,

249, 252, 255, 260, 301, 307, 381, 416; iv. 159, 287;

early education and later studies, i. 39-67, 71-82, 93, 114,

140-144, 151, 176, 182, 210, 265;

early military irregularities and inaptitude, i. 94, 96, 115, 157,

160-174, 210;

organizes educational system, ii. 409; iii. 26, 90;

egoism, vanity, and self-assertiveness, ii. 80, 113, 118, 344, 437;

iii. 26, 73, 93, 191, 202, 245, 304, 316;

elasticity of spirits, iv. 117;

elements of his failure, iii. 401, 402;

endurance of privation, iii. 7, 18, 188, 209, 365;

equestrianism, sporting instincts, etc., iii. 52, 257;

exaggeration and disregard of truth, i. 233, 306;

as a financier, ii. 134, 219, 410; iii. 25, 78, 295-300, 315, 389;

iv. 249, 251, 259, 295;

foresight and insight, ii. 44, 314, 437; iii. 318, 424;

generosity, hospitality, and charity, i. 134, 417; ii. 30, 82;

iii. 171, 176, 295, 297, 300, 301, 330;

his all-embracing genius, ii. 203, 365;

habit of reducing thoughts to writing, iv. 23;

hallucinations and self-delusions, iii. 307, 332; iv. 91, 95, 104, 234;

hatred and vindictiveness, i. 287; ii. 29;

as a historian, iv. 152, 231, 288;

humanity, iv. 39;

his human supremacy, iv. 249;

an iconoclast, ii. 28;

imperious character, iv. 287;

inconsistency, iii. 165, 231, 238, 267; iv. 250-253;

inelegance of manner, lack of breeding and delicacy, ii. 197-202,

255, 279, 411; iii. 42, 80, 179;

influenced by personal friendships, iv. 25;

intellectual powers, iii. 43;

intolerance of criticism, 88;

invincibility, ii. 78; iii. 392;

knowledge of human nature, ii. 227, 245;

qualities of leadership, i. 55, 59, 60, 113, 119, 129, 132, 134,

186, 211, 221, 242, 310, 339-341;

liberalism, ii. 443;

literary tastes, studies, style, and work, i. 53, 54, 60, 63, 71,

76-98, 114, 118, 123, 126-131, 135-147, 150, 163, 176, 199, 206,

211, 216-219, 225, 265, 289, 307, 364-368, 400; ii. 15, 54, 408;

iii. 25, 26, 173-176, 300, 325; iv. 69, 134, 159, 228, 231, 289;

magnanimity (assumed), ii. 445;

magnificence, lavishness, and love of display, iii. 50, 91, 256,

295, 301, 330-332, 352;

a man of the people, 288 et seq.;

views on marriage, 300;

mathematical ability, i. 56, 66, 265;

military blunders, iii. 4, 336, 341, 354-356, 374; iv. 186;

military education, and early service in the army, i. 59, 60, 68,

73-82, 87, 94, 95, 126, 141, 144, 148, 157, 159-165, 180, 227,

232, 236-240, 245, 256, 265, 287, 292-297;

military genius and strategy, i. 53, 217, 226, 239, 247, 264, 295,

301, 304, 342, 345-351, 354-362, 368-373, 378-385, 387, 395, 412,

416-418; ii. 32, 163, 169, 172, 182-185, 363-366, 369, 380, 402,

419, 423-428, 435, 436; iii. 1, 2, 6, 13, 18, 29-35, 156, 184,

192, 204-207, 210, 217, 219, 222, 229, 235, 333-335, 341-343,

346, 353, 356, 363, 368, 382, 401, 402, 413; iv. 4, 8, 16, 19-22,

29, 38, 54, 58, 59, 62, 65, 81, 92, 97, 146, 149, 154, 160,

170-174, 180, 184, 197, 212, 231, 253, 256, 267, 287, 288, 289,

299;

denies moral responsibility, ii. 408;

nerve, iii. 365;

nervousness, 403;

over-credulousness, iv. 7;

patriotism, i. 155, 164, 165, 199, 201, 399; ii. 158, 159;

persistence, i. 210, 211; ii. 62, 65, 72;

personal appearance, i. 46, 56, 113; ii. 29, 30, 406; iii. 43, 92;

iv. 197, 230;

physical condition and vigor, i. 215; iii. 19, 43, 209, 302;

iv. 149, 168, 169, 250-253;

physical peculiarities, conditions, ailments, etc., i. 80, 85,

126; iv. 12, 15, 25, 168, 177, 179, 197, 200, 211-217, 222,

231-235;

plain-spokenness, iii. 418;

his political acumen, ii. 136;

poverty, i. 52, 65, 66, 89, 111, 157, 174, 262, 279, 284, 288;

powers of analysis and calculation, i. 55, 56;

secret of his preeminence, iv. 249, 291;

ready wit, iii. 94;

recklessness, i. 236;

as a reformer, iii. 189;

reliance on public opinion, iv. 157;

attitude toward religion and relations with the church, i. 76,

146, 209, 264, 422; ii. 41, 131, 173, 205, 206, 215, 224, 227,

258, 264, 265, 325, 340, 396, 398, 407; iii. 26, 68, 85, 88,

89, 118, 154, 174, 175, 190, 215, 242, 249, 258, 259, 263, 305,

315, 377, 390; iv. 165, 230-235, 251, 259, 296;

resolution, iii. 28, 209;

restlessness, i. 156, 223, 227, 284;

review of his character, iv. 264;

sanguine temperament, iii. 21;

self-assertion, self-confidence, self-interest, and selfishness,

i. 59, 60, 66, 84, 113, 263, 309, 340, 363-366, 395; iii. 1,

33, 82, 109, 208, 231, 304, 309, 328; iv. 140, 250, 287;

a self-made man, iv. 250;

self-restraint, i. 376, 395;

sensuality, i. 113, 452; ii. 66; iii. 10, 27, 108, 246, 257, 327,

352; iv. 142, 250;

sensitiveness, ii. 197;

slow development, iv. 288;

social life, manners, and reforms, his court, public receptions,

etc., i. 69, 137, 151, 262, 265, 284, 290, 291, 295, 309-312,

448; ii. 131 197, 200, 224, 255, 279, 406, 411; iii. 43, 58-61,

64, 80-89, 91-94, 169, 174, 179, 224, 301, 390; iv. 352;

as soldier, statesman, and despot, iv. 247 et seq.;

speculative mania, 172, 173, 185;

statecraft and diplomacy, i. 265, 363, 431; ii. 20, 37, 125-131,

137, 146, 149, 242-249, 261, 264-269, 271, 279, 314-324,

329-332, 336, 346, 353, 354, 400-412, 426, 427; iii. 33, 64,

95, 128, 190, 310, 315, 322, 328, 343, 401, 408, 423;

his strong will, ii. 224, 356, 357;

views concerning suicide, and his attempts thereat, i. 80;

ii. 75; iv. 130, 131, 218, 232, 287;

superstition, ii. 76;

temper, ii. 281; iii. 418;

the terror of his name, 359; iv. 80, 84, 88, 93;

theocratic assumptions, ii. 407;

thirst for conquest and warlike zeal, ii. 331, 351, 380, 381, 437;

iii. 326, 337; iv. 264, 287;

thirst for power, 264;

unscrupulousness, i. 87, 88, 126, 144, 160, 166, 201, 211, 237,

265, 295, 300 308; ii. 67, 144, 251, 314, 377, 439; iii. 82,

115, 316, 331; iv. 264;

attitude toward and relations with women, i. 256, 265, 290, 291,

311, 312, 448; ii. 197, 438; iii. 26, 57-61, 298, 327; iv. 143,

252.

=Napoleon II=, king of Rome, _N.'s_ affection for, iii. 323, 381;

Malet's conspiracy, 361;

insignificance of, 377;

possibility of a regency for, 422.

=Napoleone, Stephanie=, marries Prince Charles of Baden, ii. 399;

_N.'s_ liaison with, 399.

=Napoleon's Mount=, ii. 383, 386.

=Narbonne, Comte de=, mission from Dresden to Russia, iii. 331.

=Narew, River=, military movements on the, iii. 2, 13, 19.

=Nassau=, member of the Confederation of the Rhine, ii. 403.

=Nassau, Prince= of, anecdote of, iii. 422.

=National Assembly, the=, Corsican affairs in, i. 117-122;

persuades Paoli to return to Corsica, 125;

condemns Buttafuoco, 135;

refuses to create Corsican National Guard, 140;

debates on the military power, 142;

difficulties of its work, 151-154, 158, 159;

self-effacement of, 153;

ecclesiastical legislation by, 168;

the King takes refuge in, 175;

dismisses the King's body-guard, 174;

abolishes the kingship, 175;

Lafayette endeavors to calm, 174, 176;

disperses, 188.

=National Convention, the=, election of a, i. 188;

meeting of, Sept. 21, 1792, 188;

the King summoned before, 194;

enforces its decrees in Corsica, 198;

Paoli summoned to appear before, 198, 204;

appeal to, by _N._, in Paoli's behalf, 199;

denounces Paoli, 201;

sends new commissioners to Corsica, 204;

promises indemnity to Corsican sufferers, 208;

supremacy of, 208;

Corsica's successful revolt against, 216;

popular support of, 219;

effect of the "Treason of Toulon" on, 222;

receives news of capture of Toulon, 233;

vengeance on Toulon, 233;

overthrow of the Girondists, 234;

_N._ and Gen. Lapoype summoned before, 240;

terrorists in, 250;

turns on Robespierre, 251;

downfall, 251, 266;

Jacobins in, 266;

question of reelection of members, 271, 282, 298;

rebellion and riots against, 272, 283, 299;

proclaims amnesty, 277;

royalist intrigues in, 278;

popular hatred of, 282;

prepares for conflict, 282, 299;

adopts _N.'s_ plan for Italian campaign, 293;

distrusts _N._, 299;

triumph on the 13th Vendemiaire, 304-309;

its plans thwarted by violence, 306;

_N.'s_ peculiar relations to, 341;

financial maladministration, ii. 219;

plans for invading England, 290;

scheme of revolutionary extension, iii. 328;

=National Guard, the=, organization and reorganization of, i. 109,

143, 159, 272, 304, 308;

calling in officers of, 164;

_N._ adjutant-major in, 164;

feeling against the Convention among, 283, 299;

defense of the Tuileries, 299;

oppose the Convention forces, 301-305;

the 13th Vendemiaire, 301-305;

_N._ appointed commander of, ii. 104;

drafts for the imperial army from, iii. 387;

in defense of Paris, iv. 99, 105;

decay of imperialism among, 105;

fails to persuade the Empress to stay, 109;

_N._ hopes to raise, 116;

refuses to obey the provisional government, 126;

proclamation to, March 8, 1815, 146;

reviewed by _N._, 166;

surly spirit among, 165.

=National Guard of Corsica=, _N.'s_ schemes to form, i. 122;

_N._ appointed adjutant-major in, 164.

=National Library=, lecture system of the, i. 281.

=National List, the=, ii. 126.

=Naudin=, letter of _N._ to, July 27, 1791, i. 156.

=Naumburg=, Prussian headquarters at, ii. 422, 424;

Davout and Bernadette at, 429;

Bluecher pursues Macdonald to, iv. 15.

=Navarre=, question of the sovereignty of, i. 120;

incorporated with France, 120;

French invasion of, iii, 132;

the chateau of, granted to Ferdinand VII, 147;

_N.'s_ contemplated movements in, 184;

military government of, 278.

=Navy=, _N.'s_ aptitude for the, i. 57;

suicide among officers of the French, ii. 3;

preparations at Toulon, 40.

=Nazareth=, skirmish at, ii. 71.

=Necker, Jacques=, schemes of, i. 44;

_N.'s_ study of, 78;

minister of finance, 98;

problems of taxation, 98, 105;

flight from France, 98;

banishment, 108;

fall, 154;

Mme. de Stael's inheritance from, iii. 299.

=Negroes=, arguments in favor of enslaving, ii. 236.

=Neidenburg=, military operations near, iii. 4, 8.

=Neipperg, Count A. A.=, relations with Maria Louisa, iii. 330;

iv. 143, 162.

=Neisse=, siege of, iii. 20.

=Nelson, Adm. Horatio=, captures Bastia, i. 260; ii. 62;

expected cooeperation with Austria at Savona, i. 353;

sails from Cadiz in chase of the Egyptian expedition, ii. 57;

returns to Sicily, 61;

seeks the French fleet in Greece, 61;

follows to Egypt, 61;

loses an eye at Cadiz, 62;

battle of Cape St. Vincent, 62;

battle of the Nile, 62, 63, 81;

battle of Copenhagen, ii. 209;

sanctions the execution of Caraccioli, 300;

correspondence with Dumouriez, 303;

aided by Portugal, 332;

plan to allure him to Egypt, 331;

Villeneuve avoids, 334;

enticed to the West Indies, 358;

joins Cornwallis before Brest, 359;

sails for Portsmouth, 359;

pursues Villeneuve to Gibraltar, 358;

chases Villeneuve to the West Indies and back, 370;

arrives off Cadiz, 371;

his ambition, 372;

battle of Trafalgar, 373-376;

his death, 374.

=Nemours=, Cossacks advance to, iv. 72.

=Nesselrode, Count=, appearance in Russian diplomacy, iii. 409;

refuses to treat with France, 410;

conference with Francis, 415;

demands Austria's adherence to the coalition, 415;

agrees to basis of Austrian mediation, 415;

letter from Talleyrand to, iv. 107;

approves the restoration of the Bourbons, 114;

negotiates with Talleyrand, 113.

=Netherlands=, French defeats in, i. 172;

Hoche's campaign in, 427;

England's interest in, 450; iv. 67;

the enlightenment of, ii. 37;

course of affairs (1797-98), 37, 38;

French agents in the, 39;

English expedition to destroy the dockyards of, iii. 237;

French influence in, iv. 41;

Bernadotte assigned to watch, 55;

English troops in the, 57;

the allies' invasion of France via, 59, 97;

campaign of the Hundred Days, 169 et seq.;

weakness of the troops of, 195, 202.

_See also_ =Austrian Netherlands=; =Belgium=; =Dutch Flanders=;

=Holland=.

=Neuburg=, Marmont at, ii. 365.

=Neufchateau=, member of the Directory, ii. 8, 35;

mission to Congress of Rastatt, 52.

=Neufchatel=, ceded to France, ii. 390;

Berthier created Prince of, iii. 86.

_See also_ =Berthier=.

=Neumarkt=, Jourdan's defeat near, i. 385;

Massena's movements at, 436;

flight of Hiller to, iii. 208;

_N._ at, 413.

=Neu-Reppin=, military movements near, ii. 434.

=Neutrality=, the principle of the agreement of 1780, ii. 212.

=Neuwied=, Hoche crosses the Rhine at, i. 440.

=New Castile=, Duke del Infantado commissioned governor of, iii. 127.

=New England=, commercial greed, iii. 102.

=Newfoundland=, proposed French expedition to, ii. 333.

=New Galicia=, annexed to the grand duchy of Warsaw, iii. 239.

=New Orleans=, battle of, iv. 169.

=New York=, proposal that _N._ sail to, iv. 221.

=Ney, Marshal Michel=, a product of Carnot's system, i. 332;

in battle of Hohenlinden, ii. 191;

occupies Switzerland, 234, 272;

service in the Army of England, 291;

execution of, 300;

joins _N._ at Waterloo, 300;

created marshal, 323;

plan for his invasion of Ireland, 335;

character, 364; iii. 93;

holds the bridge at Guenzenburg, ii. 366;

victory at Leoben, 368;

clears the enemy from the Tyrol, 380;

at Bayreuth, 428;

in battle of Jena, 430-432;

invests Magdeburg, 436;

at Neidenburg, iii. 4;

strength in Poland, 7;

threatens Koenigsberg, 9;

reprimanded by _N._, 8;

retreats from Heilsberg, 10;

pursued by Bennigsen, 10;

escapes to Gilgenburg, 10;

in Eylau campaign, 15;

battle of Heilsberg, 29;

movements on the Passarge, 28;

battle of Friedland, 30;

created Duke of Elchingen, 86;

yearly income, 87, 296;

_N.'s_ opinion of, 93;

quarrel with Tolstoi, 108;

at Logrono, 183;

moves against Castanos, 185;

lack of vigor of movement, 185;

movement against Madrid, 186;

stationed at Astorga, 188;

in Leon, 283;

strength, March, 1812, 324;

advances on Duenaburg, 336;

battle of Smolensk, 339;

reckless pursuit after Smolensk, 339;

battle of Borodino, 343;

"the bravest of the brave," 359;

hero of the retreat from Moscow, 359, 363;

letter to Berthier, Nov. 5, 1812, 361;

junction with Eugene, 364;

"A marshal of the Empire has never surrendered," 364;

perilous retreat from Smolensk, 364;

his most brilliant deed of arms, 364;

crosses the Dnieper, 364;

at the crossing of the Beresina, 366, 370;

reaches Vilna, 373;

in campaign of 1813, 403;

battle of Luetzen, 404;

battle of Bautzen, 411;

beleaguers Schweidnitz, 413;

confronts Bluecher at the Bober, iv. 7;

battle of Dresden, 9;

supersedes Oudinot, 17;

battle of Dennewitz, 18, 19;

driven into Torgau, 19;

letter to _N._, Sept. 7, 1813, 20;

battle of Leipsic, 32;

on the allies' march on Paris, 40;

moves from Sezanne against Bluecher, 62;

commanding the Young Guard, 72;

battle of Craonne, 78;

battle of Laon, 79;

moves up the Aube, 91;

battle of Arcis-sur-Aube, 92;

courage, 104;

at council at St. Dizier, 104;

strength after the surrender of Paris, 118;

at review of the Guard at Fontainebleau, 117;

treasonable utterance at Fontainebleau, 119;

demands the Emperor's abdication, 120;

voices the disaffection of the army, 122;

on commission to present abdication to the Czar, 123, 124;

transfers his allegiance, 129;

returns to Paris, 131;

resents royalist affronts to his wife, 148;

rejoins Napoleon at Auxerre, 157;

recreated marshal, 167;

in the Waterloo campaign, 172;

dispute concerning his orders, 176;

ordered to Quatre Bras, 176, 180, 185;

moves to Gosselies, 176;

interview with _N._, 179;

battle of Quatre Bras, 180-188;

at Frasnes, 184, 189;

_N._ determines to join, 186;

_N.'s_ despatch to, June 17, 1815, 186;

_N.'s_ indignation at, 187;

moves to cooeperate with _N._, 189;

battle of Waterloo, 196, 200-210;

insubordinate spirit, 205;

commanding the Guard, 208;

at Quatre Bras, 213;

contrasted with Desaix, 213;

at Eylau, 213;

imprisoned and condemned to death, 223.

=Nice=, _N._ at, i. 209, 240, 244, 248, 253, 307, 339;

inadequate works at, 214;

the Buonapartes at, 244;

news of the Terror in, 252;

France's ambition to gain, 276, 327;

lost to Sardinia, 352;

proposal that France should keep, iv. 41.

=Niemen, River, the=, military movements on, iii. 31, 336, 341, 373, 384;

meeting of the sovereigns on, iii. 39 et seq.;

Prussian territory on, 63;

French advance from the Vistula to, 337;

French advance to the Dwina from, 337.

=Nile, River, the=, the campaign on, ii. 59 et seq.;

Mamelukes drowned in, 60;

battle of, 61-66, 81, 370.

=Nimes=, alarm among the Protestants of, iv. 147.

=Niort=, enthusiasm for the fallen Emperor at, iv. 218.

=Nivelles=, military operations near, iv. 171, 178;

topography of, 195, 196.

=Nivose=, the Plot of, ii. 239-241.

=Nobilles, Comte de=, royalist intrigues of, iv. 107.

=Nobility of France, the=, loss of its feudal power, i. 100;

privileges, and assumptions of privileges of, 105, 109;

yielding of privileges by, 109;

flight of, 109, 142 (_see also_ =Emigrants=).

=Noble Guard=, institution of a, iv. 148;

abolition of the, 137.

=Nogara=, military operation near, i. 410.

=Nogent=, Victor ordered to, iv. 62;

_N._ at, 62, 74;

abandoned by Victor, 64;

Souham's forces at, 102;

abdication proposed to the Emperor at, 120.

=Non-intercourse Act of March 1, 1809=, iii. 274.

=Non-intervention Act, the=, iii. 102.

=Nordhalben=, Davout at, ii. 428.

=Nordhausen=, military movements near, ii. 434.

=Noerdlingen=, the French position at, ii. 365;

capture of Werneck's division at, 367.

=Normandy=, unrest in, i. 222;

Marmont's troops to withdraw into, iv. 120.

=North=, proposed League of the, ii. 418.

=North Cape=, a boundary of the Continental System, iii. 280.

=North German Confederation=, proposed organization of, ii. 418-421, 422.

_See also_ =Confederation of the Rhine=.

=North Sea=, proposed French expedition to, ii. 334;

part of the coast incorporated into the French Empire, iii. 278,

287, 294.

="Northumberland,"= the, conveys _N._ to St. Helena, iv. 227.

=Norway=, lost to Denmark, iii. 70;

subordination to Denmark, 280;

in vassalage to France, 280;

offered by Alexander to Sweden, 281, 314, 320, 324;

Bernadotte's ambition to acquire, 281, 399;

in possession of Denmark, iii. 282;

Russian troops for the conquest of, 350;

struggle with Sweden, iv. 164.

=Nossen=, defeat of the Saxons by the Black Legion at, iii. 234.

=Notables of France=, ii. 126;

abolition of the list of, 247.

=Notre Dame Cathedral=, service in honor of the Concordat at, ii. 215;

_N.'s_ coronation in, 341-345.

=Novi=, battle of, ii. 83, 92, 96;

military operations near, ii. 178.

=Nuits=, _N._ visits, i. 146;

society in, 146.

=Nyon=, Carnot's concealment at, ii. 27.

O

"=Oberon=," iii. 175.

=Ocana=, battle of, iii. 287, 288.

=Ochs, Peter=, republican propagandist in Switzerland, ii. 40.

=Oder, River, the=, proposed surrender to _N._ of forts on, iii. 178;

threatened expulsion of the French from, 416;

military movements on, iv. 3;

French garrisons on, 35.

"=Oedipe=," performed at Erfurt, iii. 172.

=Offenburg=, reputed emigrant conspirators in, ii. 302;

Caulaincourt's expedition to, 304.

=Officialdom=, popular hatred of, i. 105.

=Offingen=, the French position at, ii. 365.

=Oglio, River, the=, Beaulieu retreats behind, i. 361;

Austria's boundary in Venetia, 438;

Scherer driven behind, ii. 88.

=O'Hara, Gen.=, captured before Toulon, i. 229.

=Old Castile=, French occupation of, iii. 155.

=Oldenburg=, proposal to include in North German Confederation, ii. 418;

scheme to incorporate with France, iii. 266;

Alexander I reserves his family rights over, 288;

Alexander offers to exchange, for Erfurt, 288;

incorporated in the French Empire, 310, 328;

proposal that France evacuate, 407;

restored to its former ruler, iv. 40.

=Oldenburg, Duke of=, marries Grand Duchess Catherine, iii. 181, 278;

dethroned, 278, 307;

proposed allotment of territory to, 409.

=Old Guard, the=, battle of Leipsic, iv. 27, 33;

moves against Bluecher from Sezanne, 61;

_N._ reviews them at Fontainebleau, 117;

_N._ takes leave of, 135;

reduction of the pay of, 148;

in battle of Waterloo, 205, 208.

_See also_ =Imperial Guard=.

=Ollioules=, capture and recapture of, i. 225.

=Olmuetz=, military operations near, ii. 379, 382.

=Olsusieff, Gen.=, annihilated by Marmont at Champaubert, iv. 63.

=O'Meara, Edward=, publisher of an Elban MS., i. 177;

_N.'s_ declaration to, concerning the Duc d'Enghien, ii. 311;

_N.'s_ conversations with, 441;

physician to _N._, iv. 232;

assists _N._ on his history, 232;

dismissed by Lowe, 232.

=Oneglia=, Massena's advance through, i. 243;

French troops in the valley of, 244;

_N.'s_ service at, 245, 255.

=Oporto=, seizure of the French governor of, iii. 122;

bishop of, applies to England for help, 122;

occupied by Soult, 286.

=Oppin=, Bernadotte at, iv. 28.

=Orange, House of=, indemnity to, for loss of power, ii. 262.

=Orange, the Prince of=, recalled to Holland, iv. 40;

in Waterloo campaign, 172, 176;

at the Duchess of Richmond's ball, 178;

battle of Quatre Bras, 180.

=Orcha=, military movements near, iii. 364.

=Ordener, Gen.=, leads expedition to Ettenheim, and arrests the Duc

d'Enghien, ii. 304.

=Ore Mountains=, contemplated operations in the, iv. 8;

retreat of the allies toward, 12.

=Orezza=, _N._ at, i. 126, 160;

meeting of the constituent assembly at, 131-134.

=Orgon=, attempt to assassinate _N._ at, iv. 138.

=Oriani, Comte B.=, _N.'s_ statement to, i. 369.

="Orient," the=, sunk in Aboukir Bay, ii. 63.

=Oriental question, the=, ii. 262.

=Orleans=, prison massacres in, i. 188;

French garrison at, iv. 118.

=Orloff, Count=, conducts negotiations for surrender of Paris, iv. 112.

=Ormea=, Massena's advance through, i. 243.

=Orscha=, French garrison in, iii. 341.

=Ortenau=, ceded to Baden, ii. 391.

=Osnabrueck=, position in the French Empire, iii. 279.

=Ossian=, _N.'s_ acquaintance with and study of, ii. 53; iv. 134, 231.

=Ostermann-Tolstoi, Gen.=, in battle of Eylau, iii. 15;

character, 107;

conducts negotiations with _N._, 107, 112, 113;

reception at Paris, 108;

quarrel with Ney, 108;

_N.'s_ opinion of, 113;

at St. Cloud levee, Aug. 15, 1808, 169.

=Osterode=, _N.'s_ headquarters at, iii. 18, 25.

=Ostrach=, battle of, ii. 88.

=Ostrolenka=, Russian retreat to, iii. 5;

Russians driven out of, 19.

=Othman=, the royal line of, iii. 163.

=Otranto=, embargo on, ii. 287;

creation of hereditary duchy of, 396;

Fouche created Duke of, iii. 86.

_See also_ =Fouche=.

=Ott, Gen.=, besieges Genoa, ii. 165, 170, 173, 175;

defeated by Lannes at Casteggio, 176;

reaches Alessandria, 177;

in battle of Marengo, 180.

=Otto, Comte L. G.=, ambassador to England, ii. 273;

letter from _N._, Oct. 23, 1802, 272, 290;

recalled from London, 277.

=Otto the Great=, _N._ likened to, ii. 340.

=Ottoman Empire=, proposed partition of, ii. 47. _See also_

=Egypt=; =Turkey=.

=Oubril=, his treaty rejected by Alexander I, ii. 418, 421;

Russian envoy to Paris, 401, 405, 418.

=Oudinot, Gen. C. N.=, in battle of Austerlitz, ii. 386;

created Duke of Reggio, iii. 86;

_N.'s_ opinion of, 93;

character, 93;

commanding in Hanau, 203;

ordered to Augsburg, 204;

ordered to Abensberg, 208;

battle of Wagram, 228;

ordered to coerce Holland, 266;

strength, March, 1812, 324;

at the crossing of the Beresina, 367-370;

in campaign of 1813, 402;

threatens Berlin, 413;

_N.'s_ instructions to, iv. 5;

defeated at Luckau, 8;

fails in his movement against Berlin, 12-16;

battle of Grossbeeren, 14;

retreats to Wittenberg, 14;

superseded by Ney, 17;

battle of Dennewitz, 18, 19;

at Dresden, 20;

battle of Leipsic, 29, 31;

checks pursuits at Lindenau, 35;

opposes Schwarzenberg, 61;

driven back to Nangis, 65;

before Provins, 72;

captures Mery, 73;

ordered to hold Bluecher, 73;

checked by Schwarzenberg, 75;

driven beyond Troyes, 76;

retreats from Arcis, 94;

at Bar-sur-Ornain, 103;

strength after the surrender of Paris, 118;

at the abdication scene, 120;

transfers his allegiance to Louis XVIII, 132;

recreated marshal, 167.

=Ourcq, River=, military operations on the, iv. 76.

=Ouvrard, G. J.=, sent by Fouche on mission to England, iii. 272.

P

=Pachra, River=, French crossing of the, iii. 355.

=Pacific Ocean=, influence of the United States on the, ii. 288.

=Paderborn=, apportioned to Prussia, ii. 265.

=Padua=, military operations near, i. 410;

creation of hereditary duchy of, ii. 396.

=Pagerie, Marie-Josephe-Rose Tascher de la=. _See_ =Beauharnais,

Josephine=.

=Pagerie, Mlle. Tascher de la=, sought in marriage by Ferdinand VII,

iii. 125;

marries the Duke of Aremberg, 132.

=Pagerie, Tascher de la=, father of Josephine Beauharnais, i. 313;

death of, 314.

=Paine, Thomas=, on financial condition of England, ii. 32.

=Pajol, Gen.=, seizes Montereau, iv. 73;

in the Waterloo campaign, 173;

engagement at Charleroi, 174;

battle of Ligny, 183.

=Palace of the Government, the=, ii. 147.

=Palafox, Gen. Jose de=, military ability, iii. 156;

at Saragossa, 184, 185.

=Palais Royal=, headquarters of the tribunate, ii. 151;

a refuge for the disreputable, 151.

=Palestine=, the key of, ii. 73;

importance of _N.'s_ conquering, 73.

=Palm, J. P.=, bookseller of Nuremberg, execution of, ii. 417.

=Palma=, _N._ advances to, i. 443.

=Pamplona=, _N._ seeks information concerning, iii. 128;

seized by Darmagnac, 132.

=Pan, Mallet du=, criticizes Mme. de Stael, iii. 298.

=Panatheri=, secretary of Directory of Corsica, i. 133.

=Pantheon Club=, closing of the, i. 310.

=Paoli, Pascal=, his share in the history of Corsica, i. 15 et seq.;

relations with the Jews and with the Vatican, 16;

compared with Washington, 18;

his character and renown, 17, 18;

offers asylum to Rousseau, 19;

hoodwinked by Choiseul, 20, 21;

defeat and escape, 23;

appeals to the Powers, 23;

aspirations for Corsica, 26, 28, 116;

_N.'s_ address to, 40;

his conciliation sought by France, 42;

_N._ a supporter and admirer of, 53, 93, 137, 199, 210;

the "History of Corsica," dedicated to, 93;

_N.'s_ correspondence with, 96-98;

his return to Corsica, 117-125, 127, 131;

activity of his agents, 118;

directs Corsican agitation, 120;

amnesty granted to, 120, 124;

quits England, 124;

honored by Louis XVI and the National Assembly, 124;

misrepresented in Paris, 125;

popularity in Corsica, 126, 198;

meeting with _N._ at Rostino, 132;

virtual dictator of Corsica, 133;

agitation in his behalf in Corsica, 162, 170;

interferes in riots in Ajaccio, 169;

difficulties of his situation, 169;

displeasure at _N._, 170;

despair of, 185;

commander-in-chief in Corsica, 185;

_N._ seeks reconciliation with, 186;

lieutenant-general in the French army, 187;

opposes Sardinian invasion scheme, 189, 192, 196;

_N.'s_ insubordination to, 190;

suspected of intrigue with England, 190, 201;

position on declaration of war against England, 196;

denounced by Lucien Buonaparte, 197;

summoned to appear before the National Convention, 197, 204;

_N._ antagonizes, 199-203, 205, 210, 242;

denounced by the National Convention, 201;

summons _N._ to Corte, 203;

offers to leave Corsica, 204;

seeks English protection for Corsica, 205-208;

views of condition of France, 206;

declared an outlaw, 207;

fails to fortify Ajaccio, 257;

seeks aid from England, 257;

recalled to England, 261.

=Paolists, the=, i. 116.

=Papacy, the=, French feeling against the, i. 375;

the Directory desires its overthrow, 419, 422;

_N.'s_ alliance with, 422;

_N._ proposes negotiations with the, ii. 11;

relations of _N._ and France with, 205, 206, 216.

_See also_ =Church=; =Pius VII=; =Rome=.

=Papal States, the=, French proposition to revolutionize, i. 373;

French seizures and ransom in, 374;

_N._ protects clergy in, 422;

under French influence, 439;

scheme to conquer, ii. 18;

held by Austria, 145, 160;

evacuated by Ferdinand IV, 203;

_N._ demands expulsion of Russians, English, and Sardinians from, 396;

_N.'s_ influence over, recognized at Tilsit, iii. 55;

_N._ demands banishment of hostile agents from, and closing of

ports to England, 67;

French invasion of, 118;

demands for the inviolability of, 118;

annexed to France, 262.

=Papelotte=, the farms of, iv. 195;

fighting at, 201, 206.

=Paradomania=, iii. 50.

"=Parallel between Caesar, Cromwell, and Bonaparte=," ii. 230.

=Parbasdorf=, military operations near, iii. 226, 229.

=Paris=, the military school at, i. 48, 59, 60;

_N.'s_ sojourn in (1787), 86;

the Parliament banished from, 106;

base elements of population flock to, 108;

encounter in the Place Vendome, 108;

burning of the barriers, 108;

destruction of the Bastille, 108, 109;

Louis XVI takes up residence in, 109;

famine, 151;

return of the court to, 151;

municipal reform, 153;

_N._ returns to (May 28, 1792), 173;

_N.'s_ impoverished condition in, 173;

great outburst of sedition, 174;

Marseilles sends a deputation to, 174;

the barricades on August 10, 1792, 177;

_N._ and Elisa in, 182;

_N.'s_ residences in (Holland Patriots' Hotel), 183;

(Fosses Montmartre), 264;

(Michodiere Street), 295;

(Chantereine Street), ii. 28;

(Victory Street), 84;

massacres of royalist prisoners, i. 183;

overturn of municipal government, 187;

committee of surveillance, 188, 189;

prison massacres in (Sept. 2-6, 1792), 188;

representation in the National Convention, 188;

condemnation and execution of Louis XVI, 195;

establishment of the revolutionary tribunal, 207;

_N._ at (1793), 223;

scenes of the Terror, 251;

_N.'s_ sojourn in (1795), 264, 280 et seq.; 289, 295;

influence in political movements, 266;

bread riots, 273;

Jacobin plots, 273;

critical condition of affairs, 273, 277, 280;

social life (1795, 1796), 280-285, 290, 291, 316;

hatred of the National Convention in, 282;

military preparations, 283, 298, 299;

royalist plots against, 298;

critical condition of affairs, 298-301;

rebellion against the Convention, 299 et seq.;

the 13th Vendemiaire, 301-305;

restoration of order, 305;

_N._ cows the low elements in, 308;

rejoicings in, over Piedmontese successes, 363;

glorification of _N._ in (1796), 365;

receptacle for plundered works of art, 369;

"the capital of European liberties," 369;

spring elections of 1797, ii. 2;

critical condition of affairs, 3;

royalist intrigues, the Clichy faction, 3, 5, 7;

necessity for a powerful general in, 5, 7;

Barras schemes to bring troops to, 6;

the 18th of Fructidor, 8;

_N.'s_ remittances to, 13;

feeling in, over the treaty of Campo Formio, 22;

return of _N._ to (1797), 26-31;

the "Street of Victory," 28;

plot and counterplot in, 36;

distrust of _N._ in (1798), 49;

popular ideas in, concerning the Egyptian campaign, 68;

_N.'s_ triumphant progress from Frejus to, 83;

hatred of the Terror, 94, 95;

_N.'s_ reception in (from Egypt), 95-102;

banquet to _N._ in St. Sulpice, 100, 101;

_N._ appointed commander of the troops, 102 et seq.;

the 18th Brumaire, 103 et seq.; iv. 258;

Fouche closes the barriers, ii. 109;

apportionment of the guards in, 109;

_N._ reopens the barriers, 109;

the 19th Brumaire, 111 et seq.;

weeding out old republican politicians from, 125;

warlike feeling in (1800), 145;

welcomes _N._ from Marengo, 185;

_N.'s_ relations with polite society in, 199;

service in honor of the Concordat, 216;

schemes of the Duc d'Enghien's supporters in, 240;

explosion of infernal machine in Rue St. Nicaise, 240;

Mme. de Stael exiled from, 259;

restoration of street names, 258;

improved social conditions, 259;

the press of, attacks England, 271;

center of the government, 279;

feeling in, concerning _N.'s_ court at Aachen, 339;

coronation of _N._, 339, 340, 342-345;

prospects of coming war in, 312;

fickleness of society in, 312;

abuse of Austria and Russia by press, 361;

_N._ returns to (Jan. 27, 1806), 406;

affection for N. in, 407;

_N._ proposes to introduce bull-fights, 409;

_N._ leaves for Mainz, 422;

relics of Frederick the Great sent to, 437;

official reports from Eylau in, iii. 17;

the situation in (1807), 24 et seq.;

the head and body of France, 24;

sensitiveness of the Bourse, 24;

Mme. de Stael returns to, and again expelled from, 26;

the situation in, after Friedland, 36;

proposal that Alexander visit, 50;

question of the cardinal at, 69;

return of _N._ from Tilsit to, 72;

public works, 74, 380;

Jewish Sanhedrim in, iii. 76;

social vices in, 92;

Tolstoi's reception at, 108;

the soul of France, 151, 160; iv. 92, 99;

the divorce scandal in, iii. 180;

_N._ returns from Spain to (Jan. 6, 1809), 188;

_N._ returns from Vienna to, 241, 245;

_N.'s_ second marriage, 258-261;

the College of Cardinals transplanted from Rome to, 258, 264;

rejoicings in, over birth of the king of Rome, 302, 303;

a rival to Rome as capital of the Western empire, 307;

remembrance of the Terror, 323;

monarchical sentiment in, 323;

importance of _N.'s_ presence in, 372;

the Malet conspiracy in, 375; 376;

treachery in, 412;

the allies, advance on, iv. 40, 41, 61, 65, 71, 90, 96-103, 110,

113, 219;

gloom and panic in, 51, 81, 98, 104, 108, 109, 117, 166;

_N.'s_ public appearances in, 51, 52;

the national-guard, 53;

defense of, 59, 73, 85, 96, 97, 99, 105-112;

Joseph acting regent in, 61;

Bluecher's advance toward, 76;

sends reinforcements to _N._, 80, 86;

_N.'s_ resolution to abandon, 91;

_N.'s_ march toward, 104, 105, 157;

surrender of, 105, 113;

the Empress's flight from, 106-112, 117;

intrigue in, 107;

royalist influences in, 108;

in communication with Marmont, 109;

summoned to surrender, 109;

armistice before, 109;

looking for _N._ in, 112;

fighting before, 111;

not to be sacked, 112, 113;

entrance of the allies, 113, 117, 118, 221;

council of the allies and French diplomats, 114;

royalist enthusiasm in, 113-117;

assents to the overthrow of _N._, 115;

the white cockade in, 115, 147;

plans for the recovery of, 117;

reception of Louis XVIII in, 133;

riots in, at burial of an actress, 146;

secret longings for _N.'s_ return in, 147;

the garrison put under arms, 149;

disappearance of the government, 158;

raising the imperialist standard in, 158;

placard on the Vendome column, 158;

excitement in, 158;

arrival of _N._ in, 159;

treaty of, 165;

the news of Waterloo and Ligny in, 215, 216;

_N._ returns from Waterloo to, 217;

formation of a new Directory, 218;

appointment of a committee of public safety, 218;

_N._ offers to defend, 220;

possibility of reassembling an army in, 222.

=Paris, Forest of=, formation of the Prussians behind, iv. 202.

=Paris, Marquis de=, leads the Parisian mob, i. 151.

=Paris sections=, the day of the, i. 302-312.

=Parker, Sir Hyde=, at battle of Copenhagen, ii. 209.

=Parliament of Paris=, reconstitution of the, i. 106;

contest with Louis XVI, 106;

banished from the capital, 106.

=Parma=, intrigue in the court of, i. 345;

plundered of works of art, 369;

_N.'s_ leniency to, 421;

_N.'s_ influence in, 448;

_N.'s_ violation of neutrality of, ii. 144;

secured to France, 204;

adopts the French Code, 354;

creation of hereditary duchy of, 395;

Cambaceres created Duke of, iii. 86 (_see also_ =Cambaceres=);

ecclesiastical reforms and confiscations in, 263;

position in the French Empire, 279;

granted to Maria Louisa, iv. 133.

=Parma, Duke of=, submission of, i. 359;

plan to give the Papal States to, ii. 18;

_N.'s_ promises to, 332.

=Parthe, River=, military movements on the, iv. 27.

=Parthenopean Republic, the=, proclaimed, ii. 87;

abandonment of, 203-205;

fate of its admiral Caraccioli, 300.

=Parthians=, Roman campaigns against the, iii. 325.

=Pasquier=, Baron de, attitude toward _N._, ii. 95;

prefect of police, iii. 376;

episode of the Malet conspiracy, 377;

imperial prefect, iv. 106.

=Passarge, River=, military operations on the, iii. 19, 22, 26, 28.

=Passariano=, _N.'s_ headquarters at, ii. 20, 23, 24.

=Passau=, apportioned to Bavaria, ii. 266, 391;

_N.'s_ line of retreat to, 392.

=Passeyr=, the estates of, conferred upon Hofer's family, iii. 242.

=Patterson=, Elizabeth, married to Jerome Buonaparte, ii. 257.

=Paul I=, succeeds Catherine II, i. 425;

institutes the second coalition, ii. 86;

incensed at George III, 141;

demands Thugut's dismissal, 142;

incensed at Austria, 142, 154;

withdraws from the coalition, 142;

seeks control of Malta, 141, 154, 193;

friendship with _N._ and France, 142, 154, 193, 263;

plan for invasion of India and partition of Asia, 154;

receives the sword of Valetta from _N._, 154;

aims to destroy Austria's power, 194;

accuses England and Austria of treachery, 194;

concludes alliance with _N._, 209;

assassinated, 210, 330, 380; iii. 37;

effect of his death on France, ii. 210;

antipathy to Great Britain, 263;

supports the House of Savoy, 332.

_See also_ =Russia=.

"=Paul and Virginia=," iii. 297.

=Paunsdorf=, military operations near, iv. 32.

=Pavia=, the sack of, i. 361;

military operations near, ii. 175.

=Pawnbrokerage in France=, iii. 77.

=Peasant proprietors=, at outbreak of the Revolution, i. 102, 104.

=Peccadeuc, Picot de=, _N.'s_ enemy, i. 65.

=Pelet, Gen.=, charges Berthier with treachery, iii. 206;

on the battle of Aspern, 219;

denies the story of Lannes's death-bed, 224;

in battle of Waterloo, iv. 207.

=Pelham, Thomas=, employs Mehee de la Touche, ii. 297.

=Peltier, J. G.=, publishes "L'Ambigu," ii. 270;

prosecuted for libeling _N._, 271.

=Penal Code, the=, iii. 295.

=Peninsula, Peninsular War=. _See_ =Portugal=; =Spain=.

=Pensions=, reforms in French, i. 142.

=Pension system=, iii. 87.

=Pepin the Short=, coronation of, ii. 325.

=Peraldi=, associated with _N._ in Corsica, i. 117;

becomes an enemy of _N._, 165, 170;

seeks election in National Guard of Corsica, 166;

ordered to prepare fleet at Toulon, 187;

seeks to arrest _N._, 202.

=Perceval, Spencer=, assassination of, iii. 378;

mismanagement of English affairs, iv. 161, 162.

=Peretti=, his name reprobated in Corsica, i. 121;

vote of censure on, 133;

seeks election in National Guard of Corsica, 165.

=Permon, Mme.=, _N.'s_ friendship with, i. 62, 178, 284-286;

friendship with Salicetti, 284-286;

correspondence with _N._, 285;

declines _N.'s_ matrimonial offer, 312;

notable saying of, ii. 130.

=Perpignan=, reinforcements for Augereau from, iv. 94.

=Perponcher, Gen. G. H.=, in battle of Quatre Bras, iv, 180.

=Perregaux, Comte de=, royalist intrigues of, iv. 112.

=Persia=, proposed Indian expeditions via, ii. 209;

Sebastiani's mission to, 272-274;

treaty with France, iii. 20, 21;

_N._ arranges treaty between Turkey and, 20, 21;

incited to invade India, 21;

proposed rupture with England, 21;

_N._ studies the history of, 166;

_N.'s_ intercourse with, 314;

Themistocles's refuge in, iv. 227.

=Perthes=, Macdonald at, iv. 103.

=Peru=, scheme of a Bourbon monarchy in, iii. 134, 142.

=Peschiera=, seized by Beaulieu, i. 361, 371;

French occupation of, 372, 379;

the revolutionary movement in, 428;

disarmament of, 442.

"=Peter the Great=," by Carrion-Nisas, ii. 350.

=Peterswald=, military movements near, iv. 10, 15.

=Petit, Gen.=, at review of the Guard at Fontainebleau, iv. 118;

_N.'s_ farewell to, 136.

=Petit Trianon=, _N._ secures the library from, iv. 219, 227.

=Peyrusse=, corruption of, iv. 5;

keeper of _N.'s_ purse at Elba, 152.

=Pfaffenhofen=, military movements near, iii. 206.

=Phelippeaux, A. de=, _N.'s_ enemy, i. 65;

superintends the defense of Acre, ii. 71, 73;

parley with _N._ at Acre, 79.

=Phenicia=, the history of, iv. 293.

=Philip, Don=, of Spain, ii. 205.

=Philip le Bel=, schemes of world-conquest, ii. 46.

=Philippe "Egalite,"= despicable actions of, i. 151;

scheme for his son, 331.

=Philippeville=, _N._ at, iv. 211, 216.

="Philosophical and Political History of the Two Indies,"= _N.'s_

study of, ii. 47.

="Philosophic Visions" (Mercier)=, _N.'s_ study of, ii. 53.

=Phrases=:

_Alfieri:_

"Italia virtuosa, magnanima, libera, et una," ii. 232.

_Anonymous or unassigned_ (see also _Popular_, infra):

[A lady] "fond of men when they are polite," iii. 179.

"A mystery in the soul of state," iii. 389.

"Democracy an excellent workhorse, but a poor charger; a good

hack, but an untrustworthy racer," iv. 265.

"Everything has been restored except the two million Frenchmen

who died for liberty," ii. 216.

"Freedom of the seas and the invasion of England," ii. 360.

[Bonaparte] "his consular majesty," ii. 293.

_A Paris actor:_

"J'ai fait des rois madame, et n'ai pas voulu l'etre," ii. 205.

"Legislative eunuchs," ii. 151.

[Louis XVIII] "learned nothing and forgot nothing," iv. 132.

[The army chest] "a French Providence, which made the laurel a

fertile tree, the fruits of which had nourished the brave

whom its branches covered," iii. 296.

_Arndt:_

"Freedom and Austria," iii. 195.

_Berthier:_

"By general's reckoning, not that of the office," ii. 169.

_Cambronne:_

"The guard dies but never surrenders," iv. 210.

_Charles IV:_

A king "who had nothing further to live for than his Louise and

his Emmanuel," iii. 166.

_Coignet:_

"Providence and courage never abandon the good soldier," iii. 326.

_Congress of Vienna:_

[Napoleon] "the enemy and disturber of the world's peace," iv. 162.

_Czartoryski:_

"Paradomania," iii. 50.

_Dalberg:_

"The monkey [Talleyrand] would not risk burning the tip of his

paw even if all the chestnuts were for himself," iv. 108.

_Princess Dolgoruki:_

[The First Consul's residence] "is not exactly a court, but it

is no longer a camp," ii. 196.

_Gentz:_

"The war for the emancipation of states bids fair to become one

for the emancipation of the people," iv. 40.

_Goethe:_

"A great man can be recognized only by his peers," iii. 173.

_Kutusoff:_

"The plain gentleman of Pskoff," iii. 383.

_Machiavelli:_

"Friends must be treated as if one day they might be enemies,"

ii. 256.

_Marmont:_

"The tube of a funnel," iv. 26.

_Napoleon:_

"About to produce a great novelty," iv. 153.

"A great man--one who can command the situations he creates," iv. 21.

"A kind of vermin which I have in my clothes," ii. 242.

"A lion's advice," iii. 352.

"A man like me troubles himself little about a million men,"

iii. 418.

"A thing must needs be done before the announcement of your plan,"

iii. 66.

"Bullets have been flying about our legs these twenty years,"

iii. 364.

"Credit is but a dispensation from paying cash," iii. 389.

"Emperor of the Continent," iii. 308.

"Enemy's lands make enemy's goods," ii. 441.

[England a] "nation of traders," ii. 292.

"Everything to-morrow," iii. 411.

"Fortune is a woman; the more she does for me, the more I shall

exact from her," i. 366.

"Forty centuries look down upon you from ... the Pyramids," ii. 60.

"Gathered to strike; separated to live," ii. 367. _See also_ p. 378.

"Generals who save troops for the next day are always beaten,"

iii. 347.

"God hath given it [the crown of Italy] to me; let him beware

who touches it," ii. 353.

"Great battles are won with artillery," iii. 403.

"I am conquered less by fortune than by the egotism and

ingratitude of my companions in arms," iv. 129.

"I am determined to be the last [the bottomless chasm] shall

swallow up," iv. 79.

"I am driven onward to a goal which I know not," iii. 325.

"I am the god of the day," ii. 117.

"I cannot be everywhere," ii. 376. (_Cf._ "The enemy's strength,"

infra.)

"Ideologist," iv. 292.

"I feel the infinite in me," iv. 262.

"If there be one soldier among you who wishes to kill his

Emperor, he can. I come to offer myself to your assaults,"

iv. 155.

"I have destroyed the enemy merely by marches," ii. 366.

"I have never found the limit of my capacity for work," iii. 210.

"I have often slept two in a bed, but never three," iii. 41.

"I leave my army to come and share the national perils," ii. 97.

"I may find in Spain the Pillar of Hercules, but not the limits

of my power," iii. 158.

"In our day no one has conceived anything great; it falls to me

to give the example," i. 366.

"In war the moral element and public opinion are half the battle,"

iii. 393.

"In war you see your own troubles; those of the enemy you cannot

see. You must show confidence," iii. 208.

"I pray God to have you in his holy keeping," ii. 407.

"I shall conduct this war [Saxon campaign] as General Bonaparte,"

iii. 403.

"It is ... courageous to survive unmerited bad fortune," iv. 134.

"It rains hard, but that does not stop the march of the grand

army," iv. 22. (_Cf._ "While others," etc., infra.)

"I walk with the goddess of fortune, accompanied by the god of

war," ii. 113.

"Liberty and equality ... put beyond caprice of chance and

uncertainty of the future," ii. 247.

"Masters of the channel for six hours, we are masters of the

world," ii. 332.

"My generals are a parcel of post inspectors," iii. 158.

"Metaphysicians ... fit only to be drowned," ii. 242.

"My enemies make appointments at my tomb," iii. 246.

"My master has no bowels, and that master is the nature of

things," iii. 110.

[Napoleon determined to] "conquer the sea by land," iii. 3.

[Napoleon] "shows himself terrible at the first moment," ii. 439.

[Napoleon] "the minister of the power of God, and his image on

earth," ii. 408.

[Napoleon's] "library," iii. 388.

[Ney] "the bravest of the brave," iii. 359.

"Perfidious and tyrannical Great Britain," iii. 150.

[Singing the tune of Tilsit] "according to the written score,"

iii. 65.

"Spurred and booted ruler," ii. 145.

"Tete ... armee," iv. 235.

"The art of war is to gain time when your strength is inferior,"

ii. 165.

[The Concordat] "the vaccine of religion," ii. 216.

"The Ebro is nothing but a line," iii. 158.

"The enemy's strength seems great [to the division commanders]

wherever I am not," iv. 7. (_Cf._ "I cannot," etc., supra.)

"The finances are falling into disorder, and ... need war," iii. 308.

"The game of chess is becoming confused," iv. 21.

"The genius of France and Providence will be on our side," iv. 75.

"The growlers," iv. 118, 123, 132.

"The new Pillars of Hercules," iii. 308.

"The pear is not yet ripe," ii. 52. (For the ripening of the

pear, _see_ ii. 99, 229.)

"The Revolution is planted on the principles from which it

proceeded. It is ended," ii. 137.

"The Spanish ulcer," iii. 265.

"The sun of Austerlitz," ii. 392.

"The system of hither and thither," iv. 18, 19, 25.

"The worse the troops the greater the need of artillery," iii. 403.

"This is the moment when characters of a superior sort assert

themselves," ii. 65.

"This movement makes or mars me," iv. 97.

"Three years more, and I am lord of the universe," iii. 308.

"To have the right of using nations, you must begin by serving

them well," iv. 296.

"To honor and serve the Emperor is to honor and serve God," ii. 408.

"To strike a salutary terror into others," ii. 311.

"Victor of Austerlitz," ii. 392.

"Vous etes un homme," iii. 173.

"War is like government, a matter of tact," i. 364.

[War with Russia] "a scene in an opera," iii. 318.

"We'll pass these few winter days as best we may; then we'll try

to spend the spring in another fashion," iv. 151

"We must pull on the boots and the resolution of 93," iv. 72.

"Wherever ... water to float a ship, there ... a British

standard," iv. 227.

"Which has been the happiest age of humanity?" iii. 175.

"While others were taking counsel the French army was marching,"

ii. 434. (_Cf._ "It rains hard," supra.)

"Why am I not my grandson?" iv. 287.

"You manage men with toys," ii. 246.

_Nelson:_

"England expects every man to do his duty," ii. 373.

"In case signals cannot be seen or clearly understood, no

captain can do wrong if he places his ship alongside that of

an enemy," ii. 373.

"Westminster Abbey or victory," ii. 63.

_Ney:_

"A marshal of the Empire has never surrendered," iii. 364.

_Mme. Permon:_

"The pike is eating the other two fish," ii. 130.

_Pitt_ (concerning):

The "Austerlitz look," ii. 393.

_Pius VII:_

[Bonaparte the Pope's] "son in Christ Jesus," ii. 339.

_Popular_:

"Armed men spring up at the stamp of his foot," iii. 386.

"Ban," and "arriere ban" (feudal terms), iv. 55.

"Bautzen Messenger-boy," the, iv. 20.

[Bluecher] "Marshal Forward," iv. 98.

"Emperor of the Gauls," ii. 319.

"Enemy's ships make enemy's goods," ii. 441.

"Equality," ii. 221.

"Fighting with the legs instead of with the bayonets," ii. 429.

"France the most beautiful land next to the kingdom of heaven,"

iii. 7.

"French fury," iv. 171. (_Cf._ "Furia francesca," ii. 391.)

"Frenchmen, awake; the Emperor is waking," iv. 147.

"He has been and will be," iv. 158.

"His sacred Majesty," ii. 407.

"Liberty of the seas," ii. 236, 263.

"Marie Louises," the, iv. 51.

"Mother Moscow," "the holy city," iii. 347.

"Napoladron," iii. 292.

"Napoleon, by the grace of God Emperor," ii. 407.

[Napoleon] "perhaps an angel, perhaps a devil,--certainly not a

man," iii. 415.

"Napoleon the Great," ii. 407.

"Neutral flag, neutral goods," ii. 263.

"Neutral ships make neutral goods; free ships, free goods," ii. 212.

"Paternal anarchy," iv. 147, 149.

"Ragusade," iv. 127.

"Robbing the cradle and the grave," iii. 386.

"Sauve qui peut," iv, 210.

"The Emperor's last victory," iv. 50.

"The fountain of honor," ii. 246.

"The liberator of Poland," ii. 444.

"The little corporal," i. 362; iv. 118, 154.

"The man of God, the anointed of the Lord," ii. 407.

"The Napoleon of Potsdam and Schoenbrunn," iv. 117.

"The return of the hero," ii. 97.

_Regnaud de St. Jean d'Angely:_

"The unhappy man [Napoleon] will undo himself, undo us all, undo

everything," iii. 325.

_Revolution, Motto of the:_

France, "one and indivisible," ii. 344.

_St. Andre:_

"The fate of the world depends on a kick or two," iii. 422.

_Savigny:_

[The Code Napoleon] "a political malady," ii. 223.

_Sieyes:_

"Une poire pour la soif," ii. 130.

_Soult:_

"An inspiration is nothing but a calculation made with rapidity,"

iv. 248.

_Talleyrand:_

"Italy the flank of France; Spain its natural continuation; and

Holland its alluvium," iii. 282.

"Napoleon's civilization that of Roman history," iii. 179.

"Pleasure will not move at the drum-tap," iii. 94.

"Society will pardon much to a man of the world, but cheating at

cards never," iii. 151.

"There is no empire not founded on the marvelous, and here the

marvelous is the truth," iv. 250.

_Vandamme:_

"That devil of a man," iii. 93.

_Villeneuve:_

"Any captain not under fire is not at his post, and a signal to

recall him would be a disgrace," ii. 273.

_Wellington:_

"I must fight him here [Waterloo]," iv. 178.

"Old Bluecher has had a ---- good licking," iv. 184.

"Up, Guards! make ready!" iv. 209.

_Zacharias, Pope:_

"He is king who has the power," ii. 325.

=Piacenza=, military operations near, i. 358, 359; ii. 175;

Loison at, 177;

adopts the French Code, 354;

creation of hereditary duchy of, 396;

Lebrun created Duke of, iii. 86.

_See also_ =Lebrun=.

=Piacenza, Duke of=, submission of, i. 359.

=Piave River=, military operations on the, i. 387, 388, 430, 432.

=Picardy=, movement of troops to, ii. 24.

=Pichegru, Gen. Charles=, _N.'s_ early acquaintance with, i. 216;

called to command Paris troops, 272;

conquers the Austrian Netherlands, 273, 275;

suspected of intrigue, 278;

royalist schemes of, 298; ii. 161, 298;

a product of Carnot's system, i. 332;

conquest of Holland, ii. 6;

plans a coup d'etat, 5;

exposure of his treachery in 1795, 5, 6;

proscribed, 8;

implicated with Moreau, 72, 164, 299;

escapes from Guiana, 161;

heads royalist rising in Provence, 161;

fall and death, 298, 299;

leads royalist plot, 298;

Savary suspected of complicity in death of, 412;

funeral mass celebrated for, iv. 146.

=Picton, Sir T.=, in Waterloo campaign, iv. 173;

battle of Waterloo, 201;

killed, 201.

=Piedmont=, military operations in, i. 213, 256, 347, 352 et seq.;

troops of, enter Savoy, 222;

French movement against, 246;

_N._ advises against advancing into, 247;

Austro-Sardinian operations in (1794), 341;

revolutionary spirit in, 345;

conquest of, 352-362, 373;

army separated from Austrians, 354;

successes in, 363;

French propositions to organize republic in, 363, 373;

loses island of St. Peter, ii. 13;

incorporated with the Ligurian Republic, 38;

Moreau's last stand in, 83;

held by Suvaroff, 141;

held by Austria, 145, 160;

tribute levied on, 186;

incorporated with France, 232, 267, 272, 281;

Jourdan's pacification of, 323;

Alexander I demands indemnity for, 348;

ecclesiastical reforms and confiscations in, iii. 263;

parallel between the Waterloo campaign and that in, iv. 170.

=Piedmontese=, in French service, ii. 14.

=Piktupoenen=, Frederick William and Hardenberg at, iii. 42;

Frederick William's stay at, 60.

"=Pillars of Hercules, the new=," iii 308.

=Pillau=, Napoleon demands, as a pledge, iii. 36.

French military stores in, 333.

=Pinckney, C. C.=, Talleyrand attempts to corrupt, ii. 34.

=Piombino=, given to Elisa (Buonaparte) Bacciocchi, ii. 354, 356.

_See also_ =Lucca and Piombino=.

=Pirch, Gen.=, in Waterloo campaign, iv. 172, 205.

=Pire, Gen.=, ordered to Quatre Bras, iv. 176.

=Pirna=, Vandamme at, iv. 8-11;

Mortier at, 12, 18;

sickness of _N._ at, 12, 131;

_N._ abandons, 17;

_N._ moves on, 18.

=Pisa=, Carlo Buonaparte at, i. 29.

=Pitt, William, Jr.=, prime minister of England, i. 195;

takes active measures against France, 221;

difficulties of his administration, 448, 449;

anxiety for peace after Leoben, ii. 12;

declines to negotiate with _N._, 143;

delusion concerning _N._ and France, 143;

denounces _N._ as the destroyer of Europe, 144;

advocates restoration of the Bourbons, 144;

policy toward France, 208, 329-331, 360, 405; iii. 399;

British confidence in, ii. 208;

falls from power on the Catholic Emancipation question, 208;

calls for defense of the kingdom, 292;

raises volunteers, 292;

returns to power, 329;

his policy of European coalitions, 329-331;

becomes prime minister, 337;

on France's designs against England, 337;

success of his efforts, 356;

reception of the news of Austerlitz, 393;

death, 393;

Fox compelled to adopt his program, 405;

England returns to his policy, iii. 399.

=Pius VI=, signs treaty of Tolentino, i. 350;

ransoms Bologna, 374;

prepares to recover lost territory, 398;

quarrel with France, 401;

_N.'s_ problem concerning, 405;

hostilities by, 409;

campaign against, 419-423;

his army dispersed, 421;

expresses gratitude to _N._, 423;

_N.'s_ conquest of, ii. 9;

ill health, ii, persecution of, 39;

withdraws to Siena, 39;

stripped of his possessions, 39;

death, burial, and memorial services, 39, 131, 206, 216.

=Pius VII=, election of, ii. 206;

resumes temporal power, 207;

removes the ban from Talleyrand, 216;

relations with _N._, 216, 339 et seq.;

iii. 68, 118, 391;

the matter of _N.'s_ coronation, ii. 325, 339-346 et seq.;

refuses to receive Mme. Talleyrand, 326;

his demands for the Church, 326;

at Fontainebleau, 340;

his humiliation and return to Rome, 344-347;

refuses a divorce to Jerome Buonaparte, 396;

neutrality in the Austerlitz campaign, ii. 396;

desires unity of the German Church, 402;

refuses to recognize Joseph's sovereignty, iii. 68;

_N.'s_ ultimatum to, 68;

refuses to join the French federation against England, 118;

his demands on _N._, 118;

concessions to _N.'s_ demands, 118;

prisoner at Grenoble, 119, 242;

disbandment of the Noble Guard, 118;

a _faineant_ prince in the Quirinal, 119;

issues bull, June 10, 1809, 119;

wearing effect of _N.'s_ quarrel with, 119;

indemnity for, 215;

deposed from the temporal power, 215, 242, 249;

retains his ecclesiastical position, 242;

excommunicates _N._ and his adherents, 242;

imprisoned at Savona, 243, 306;

removed from Rome to Fontainebleau, 243;

refuses to renounce the secular power, 242;

in Florence, 242;

does not recognize _N.'s_ divorce, 259;

provision of residence and revenue for, 263;

the second quarrel of investitures, 263;

relations with the Gallican Church, 263, 264;

inflexibility of, 263;

De Maistre on the supineness of, 264;

contrasted with Innocent II, 264;

partial submission of, 305;

refuses to institute _N.'s_ nominees as bishops, 306;

prisoner at Fontainebleau, 377, 390;

hostility of the French ecclesiastics to, 391;

the Concordat of Fontainebleau, 391;

interviews with _N._ at Fontainebleau, 391;

restoration of Roman domains to, 391;

residence at Avignon, 391;

retracts his assent, 391;

release of, iv. 52;

humiliation of, 256.

=Pizzighettone=, French occupation of, i. 372.

=Placentia=, ecclesiastical reforms and confiscations in, iii. 263;

granted to Maria Louisa, iv. 133.

=Plagwitz=, fighting near, iv. 30.

="Plain," the=, position in the National Convention, i. 188.

=Plancenoit=, fighting at, iv. 205.

=Plancy=, military movements near, iv. 89.

=Plato=, _N.'s_ study of, i. 95.

=Platoff, Count M. I.=, harasses the French retreat from Moscow,

iii. 359, 364.

=Plauen=, fighting near, iv. 10;

Austrians driven into, 10.

=Plebiscites=, of Dec. 15, 1799, ii. 129, 136;

of May, 1802, 245-247;

of 1804, 324.

=Pleisse, River=, military operations on the, iv. 27, 28.

=Plombieres=, Josephine's coterie at, ii. 85.

=Plutarch=, _N.'s_ study of, i. 78; ii. 47.

=Plymouth Sound=, the "Bellerophon" in, iv. 222.

=Po, River=, the country of the, i. 356; ii. 175-178;

military operations on the, i. 358, 359, 381, 441; ii. 172-174,

175, 176, 185.

=Point-du-Jour=, Serurier's guard at the, ii. 108.

=Poischwitz=, armistice of, iii. 414-418, 420; iv. 66, 197, 288.

=Poland=, partition of, i. 220, 420, 425; ii. 354, 414, 444; iii. 22, 50;

Austria's gaze on, i. 325;

French schemes for the reconstruction of, ii. 42-44;

Alexander I's designs concerning, 356; iii. 45, 309, 316, 384; iv. 67;

Alexander retreats to, ii. 391;

extension of the French empire in, 396;

sack of, 440;

_N.'s_ opportunity to save, 445;

pro-Napoleon enthusiasm in, 445; iii. 17, 331;

dissensions in, ii. 445;

_N.'s_ policy concerning, iii. 1, 8, 18, 45, 56, 214, 244, 314,

331; iv. 30;

French occupation of, iii. 4, 7;

enlistments from, under the French eagles, 3, 202, 324;

_N._ organizes government for, 8;

_N._ "the liberator of," 10;

horrors of the winter campaign in, 18;

a new field of warfare for _N._, 18;

new levies ordered in, 20;

morale of the French army in, 45;

proposed transfer to the King of Saxony, 50;

proposed new kingdom of, 56;

Prussian provinces ceded to Warsaw, 62;

possible restoration of, 65, 108, 244, 312-315, 322; iv. 298;

war indemnity exacted from, iii. 78;

French nobility endowed with lands in, 87;

strengthening the French forces in, 117;

dangers of withdrawing Russian troops from, 117;

Davout recalled from, 165;

reliance on _N._, 196, 316;

invaded by Archduke Ferdinand, 201;

concentration of troops at Warsaw, 203;

Archduke Ferdinand's vicissitudes in, 212;

enlargement of, 248;

second partition of, 309;

schemes of Alexander and Czartoryski in regard to, 309, 316;

rupture between Alexander and _N._ over, 310 et seq.;

Alexander refuses to restore the integrity of, 311;

the patriots of, in Warsaw, 313;

movement of Russian troops toward, 317;

factor in the Russian war of, 1812, 328;

_N.'s_ mistake in not restoring, 331;

Abbe de Pradt's mission from Dresden to, 331;

the Diet of Warsaw begs for the reconstruction of, 331;

possible schemes of French annexation of, 331;

Czartoryski's ambitions in, 383;

Kutusoff's advance through, 395;

Prussia seeks to recover part of, 395-400;

Bennigsen in, iv. 3;

_N._ offers to renounce, 30;

the extinction of, 298.

=Poles=, seek alliance with France, i. 420;

in French service, 437; ii. 14;

military service in Italy, 42;

_N.'s_ policy of winning, iii. 214;

loyalty to _N._, 315; iv. 35;

_N.'s_ waning prestige among, iii. 335.

=Polish Church=, _N.'s_ threat to liberate it from Rome, iii. 68.

=Politics, the art of=, i. 72;

_N.'s_ passion for, and study of, 94, 114, 126, 150, 199.

=Polygamy=, forbidden by the French Sanhedrim, iii. 76;

_N._ upholds, iv. 231.

=Polytechnic School=, founding of the, i. 281; ii. 225-227;

calling out of students of, iv. 109.

=Pomerania=, Prussia recommended to seize, ii. 420;

Gustavus IV commanding in, iii. 36;

Prussia retains her strongholds in, 42;

_N._ promises to restore to Sweden, 268;

Bernadotte's kindly treatment of, 280;

Davout occupies Swedish, 321;

offered to Bernadotte, 399.

=Pomerania, Duke of=, seeks representation at Congress of Rastatt,

ii. 27.

=Pompei=, member of the directory of Corsica, i. 133.

=Poniatowski, Prince J. A.=, relies on _N.'s_ good will, ii. 445;

Archduke Ferdinand's pursuit of, iii. 211;

reoccupies Warsaw, 212;

strength of his corps, March, 1812, 323;

doubts Lithuania's rising, 326;

battle of Borodino, 344;

battle of Wiazma, 359;

claims to the Polish throne, 383;

fails to keep Russia out of Warsaw, 385;

commanding in Galicia, 402;

at Fischbach, iv. 18;

battle of Leipsic, 29, 32, 34;

drowned in the Elster, 34.

=Ponsonby, Sir W.=, in battle of Waterloo, iv. 202.

=Pont d'Austerlitz=, iii. 74.

=Pont des Arts=, iii. 74.

=Pont d'Jena=, iii. 74.

=Pontebba Pass=, battles in, i. 433.

=Ponte Corvo=, Bernadotte created Prince of, ii. 396; iii. 86.

_See also_ =Bernadotte=.

=Pontecoulant, Doulcet de=, uses influence on _N.'s_ behalf, i. 292;

retired from the central committee, 295;

_N.'s_ relations with, ii. 3.

=Ponte-Nuovo=, battle of, i. 23;

_N._ visits the battle-ground at, 132.

=Pont Royal=, the melee at the, i. 303.

=Popular government=, the rise of, i. 109.

=Popular representation without eyes, ears, or power=, ii. 126.

=Porcil=, military operations near, i, 391.

=Portalis, J. E. M.=, councilor of state, ii. 214;

on committee to draft the Code, 222;

minister of public worship, 346.

=Portland, Duke of=, prime minister of England, iii. 46, 69.

=Port Mahon=, i. 22.

=Porto Ferrajo=, seized by England, i. 398;

arrival of the exile at, iv. 141;

_N.'s_ residence at, 143;

danger of _N.'s_ remaining in, 152.

=Porto Legnago=, Augereau driven into, i. 409.

=Port Royal=, education of Josephine de la Pagerie at, i. 313.

=Portsmouth=, Nelson sails for, ii. 359.

=Portugal=, growth of liberal ideas in, i. 276;

war with Spain, ii. 18;

joins the second coalition, 90;

France offers peace to, 154;

alliances with England, 154, 332;

_N.'s_ problems in, 203 et seq.;

forced contribution levied on, 205; iii. 119;

abandons English alliance, ii. 205;

compelled to close her harbors to English ships, 205; iii. 67;

France guarantees integrity of, ii. 211;

neutrality of, 289, 332; iii. 67, 120;

Spanish invasion of, ii. 332;

proposed commercial war against England, iii. 55;

_N._ calls for alliance with, 66;

seizure of her fleet by England, 67;

Junot's army on the borders of, 67;

proposed acquisition by Spain, 67, 121;

movement of English troops into, 111, 121;

the situation in, 118;

French invasion of, 120 et seq.; 151;

obeys the Berlin and Milan decrees, 119;

closing of the harbors, 119;

rupture of diplomatic relations between France and, 119;

dynastic troubles in, 119;

democracy in, 119, 120;

proposed partition of, 120;

commerce with England, 120;

Spain cooeperates with France against, 121;

seizure of fortresses by France, 121;

flight of Don John from, 121;

escape of the fleet from the Tagus, 121;

revulsion of feeling against Junot in, 122;

fraternization of the people with Junot's army, 122;

appointment of a council of regency, 122;

Junot's military administration in, 122;

applies to England for help, 122;

insurrections against French rule, 122;

_N._ offers the crown to Lucien, 129;

intrigues for the throne of, 129;

Junot appointed governor of, 132;

to be given to a Bonaparte prince, 133;

France proposes an exchange for, 133;

the crown offered to Murat, 147;

destruction of her commerce, 151;

Junot's occupation of, 156;

French evacuation of, 157;

Lord Wellesley enters, 157;

intensity of the rebellion in, 185;

sympathy with Spain, 186;

supposed English scheme to abandon, 187;

Wellesley expels the French from, 236;

England's loss of trade with, 272;

reinforcements for the English army in, 284;

English failures in, 283;

held by Wellington, 283;

Massena invades, 284;

Junot aspires to the crown of, 287;

Soult aspires to the crown of, 287, 296;

Soult's invasion of (1809), 286;

Wellington retreats to, 289, 290;

_N._ proposes to restore, to the House of Braganza, 319;

member of the Vienna coalition, iv. 164;

_N.'s_ dread of capture in, 220.

=Posen=, _N._ in, ii. 444; iii. 331;

expected scene of operations, 1;

French occupation of, 12;

incorporated into the grand duchy of Warsaw, 56;

Eugene assumes command at, 385;

Murat abandons the army at, 393.

=Potemkin, Prince=, _N._ seeks service with, i. 216.

=Potsdam=, treaty of, ii. 377, 390;

_N._ at, 437.

=Pougy=, military operations near, iv. 89.

=Pozzo di Borgo, Count C. A.=, the Corsican victory of, i. 22;

associated with _N._ in Corsica, 117;

member of the Directory of Corsica, 133;

delegate to the National Assembly, 133;

_N.'s_ lifelong foe, 165; iii. 314; iv. 98;

attorney-general of Corsica, i. 185;

suspected of intrigue with England, 190;

denounced by _N._, 206;

ordered to trial, 403;

Russian envoy at Vienna, ii. 445; iii. 178, 314;

on the humiliation of Prussia, 63;

influence at St. Petersburg, 165;

at peace council in Paris, iv. 114.

=Pradt, Abbe de=, mission from Dresden to Poland, iii. 331.

=Prague=, Maria Louisa at, iii. 331;

_N._ acknowledges his mistake in not making peace at, iv. 135.

=Prague, Congress of=, iii. 417-420; 423; iv. 30, 41, 68.

=Prairial=, the 30th of, ii. 92.

=Pratzen=, fighting on the heights of, ii. 383-387.

=Preameneu, Bigot de=, on committee to draft the Code, ii. 222.

=Prefects=, the system of, ii. 127.

=Pregel, River=, military movements on the, iii. 30.

=Prenzlau=, Hohenlohe's retreat to, ii. 434;

Hohenlohe driven from, 436.

=Presburg=, treaty of, ii. 391, 405; iii. 55, 109, 195, 200;

military operations near, 226, 230;

Archduke John at, 227, 230.

=Press, the=, freedom of, decreed, i. 110;

demand for freedom of in Corsica, 116;

condition in France, 281;

members of, proscribed, ii. 8;

abolition of liberty of, 8, 145;

_N._ and the liberty of, 23;

muzzling of, 36, 254, 271;

suppression of Jacobin papers, 97;

_N.'s_ use of, 186; iii. 25;

servility to _N._, ii. 232-235;

censorship of, 234, 235, 296, 350, 362, 397, 417; iii. 25, 88, 160,

297, 300; iv. 146;

in modern France, ii. 254;

_N.'s_ reason for repression of, 254;

liberty of, in England, 271;

_N._ attempts to muzzle the English, 356;

supervision of the, iv. 51;

abolition of censorship promised, 159.

=Press-gang=, employment of, in France, ii. 332.

=Pretender, the=. _See_ =Louis XVIII=.

=Preussisch-Eylau=. _See_ =Eylau=.

=Preval, Gen.=, refuses service on d'Enghien courtmartial, ii, 307.

=Primary Assembly, the=, i. 305.

=Primogeniture=, _N._ on, i. 137;

abolished, ii. 223; iii. 84;

its advantages and decay, 84.

=Primolano=, capture of Wurmser's advance-guard at, i. 384.

="Prince of the Peace," the=. _See_ =Godoy=.

=Pripet, River=, Bagration's stand on the, iii. 335.

=Privilege=, the overthrow of, i. 158.

=Privy council=, creation of a, ii. 247.

=Probstheida=, military movements near, iv. 32.

=Property rights=, _N.'s_ share in codifying the law concerning, ii. 223.

=Prossnitz=, junction of Russian and Austrian troops at, ii. 379.

=Protestants=, demand of civil rights, for the, i. 106.

=Provence=, a tempestuous time in, i. 212;

royalist rising in, ii. 161;

royalist sentiment in, iv. 137;

_N.'s_ reception in, 138, 144;

longing in, for the Emperor's return, 152;

the White Terror in, 222.

=Provera, Gen.=, in Rivoli campaign, i. 406-414;

called to reorganize the Roman army, ii. 39.

=Provins=, military movements near, iv. 62, 72, 81, 85.

=Prowtowski, Gen.=, accompanies _N._ to St. Helena, iv. 228.

=Prud'hon, Pierre=, painter, ii. 351.

=Prussia=, relations, alliances, etc., with Austria, i. 174, 324;

ii. 86, 155, 264, 389, 413; iii. 22, 225, 234, 330; iv. 41,

57;

captures Longwy, i. 179;

expected enmity of, 187;

effect of military successes of, 194;

partition of Poland, 220, 425;

abandons the coalition, 276, 324;

defeats Austria, 325;

uplifting of, and growth of the national spirit in, 325, 350, 425;

ii. 41, 154, 415, 417; iii. 37, 44, 62, 95, 103, 106, 137,

159, 161, 193, 213, 225, 319, 327, 382, 385, 391-394, 397,

420, 423;

makes peace with France (1795), i. 341, (1796), 349;

neutrality of, 385; ii. 43, 90, 154-157, 311, 414; iii. 44;

treaty with France (1796), i. 450;

attitude toward France (1797-98), ii. 41-44;

favors secularization of ecclesiastical principalities, 41;

supposed mistaken policy of, 43;

recognizes the Cisalpine Republic, 43;

the center of gravity of Europe, 155;

negotiates with France for Hamburg, 154;

refuses to join the second coalition, 154;

France's assistance to, against Austria, 154;

_N._ negotiates with, 156;

supremacy in the German Diet, 193;

joins the "armed neutrality," 194;

territories acquired by (1802), 265;

strengthening of, 266;

Ney's check on, 272;

_N._ dictates her attitude, 1803, 282;

acquiesces in the creation of the empire, 320;

protests against Rumbold's seizure, 331;

negotiates for Hanover, 356-358;

relations with Russia, negotiations and treaties between the two

countries, and attitudes of their rulers, 355, 356, 405, 406,

417, 418; iii. 1, 18, 22, 37, 41, 54, 108, 168, 178, 225, 316,

320, 329, 330, 382, 385, 398, 424; iv. 67;

Hardenberg's aim at consolidation, ii. 358;

refuses alliance with England, 358;

to receive Hanover for assistance to France, 361;

garrisons Hanover, 361;

strength compared with France, 361;

violation of her neutrality, 365;

resents Bernadotte's violation of Ansbach, 376;

renounces her neutrality, 377;

decline of her influence, 377;

negotiates for peace, 381;

to close her ports to England, 390;

_N._ demands offensive and defensive alliance with, 390;

subservience to France, 394;

proposal to give Hamburg, Bremen, and Luebeck to, 400;

alliance with France, 400;

England declares war against, 400;

acquires Hanover, 400, 405;

humiliation of, 400, 406, 443; iii. 22, 37, 44, 56, 62, 65, 161-165;

neutralization of her power, ii. 402;

joins England and Russia, 406;

territorial aggrandizement, 413;

the reigns of the Fredericks, 413, 414;

her army, 413, 414, 418-422, 424, 427, 434, 437; iii. 397, 417;

iv. 171;

education in, ii. 415;

condition in 1806, 415;

feudalism in, 414-417;

influence of Queen Louisa in, 415;

the reform party in, 414-417;

exasperation at _N._ in, 416, 417, 420;

_N._ demands the disarmament of, 418;

ill effects of aristocratic pride in, 418-420;

advised by _N._ to seize Pomerania, 420;

_N.'s_ necessity for quick action with, 420-422;

the war party, 420, 427, 428;

hesitation about mobilization, 421;

declares war, 421;

state of war with England, 421;

weakness of, 422;

plan of the campaign, 423, 424, 427;

alliance with Saxony, 429;

moral effect of Jena upon, 434, 435;

advance of the French through, 435-439;

total defeat of, 436-440;

_N.'s_ treatment of, 436, 441;

plundered of works of art, 439;

sack and rapine in, 439;

unconscionable demands on, 442;

peace negotiations, 442;

abandoned by Saxony, 443;

enlistments from, under the French eagles, iii. 3;

retreat from Pultusk, 4;

_N.'s_ proffered terms to, after Eylau, 18;

proposed rehabilitation of, 18;

_N.'s_ reserve forces in central, 22;

treaty with Russia at Bartenstein, 22;

proposal for a new coalition, 22;

weakness of, 23, 35;

numbers in the field, summer of 1807, 28;

severity of _N.'s_ terms for, 37;

_N._ grants concessions at Tilsit, 42;

armistice with, 42;

retains strongholds in Silesia and Pomerania, 42;

_N.'s_ attempts to secure alliance with, 44;

interest in Poland, 45;

French liberal idea of France's affinity with, 45;

representatives at Tilsit, 49;

acquisitions of territory, 50;

proposed transfer of Saxony to, 50;

responsibility for her belligerency, 50;

new boundaries, 55;

retains Silesia, 55, 56;

reorganization at Tilsit, 56;

the kingdom of Westphalia carved out of, 56;

treaty of Tilsit, 63 (_see also_ =Tilsit=);

feeling toward Frederick William in, 62;

mutilation of, 62;

war indemnity exacted from, 62, 78;

French occupation of, 63, 99, 104, 108, 116, 166, 307;

effect of the peace of Tilsit on, 95;

fails to raise war indemnity, 99;

closes and fortifies her harbors, 102;

abolition of old land tenures in, 102;

responsibility for the war with France, 102;

the patriotic writers of, 103;

reorganization of the educational system, 103;

abolition of the privy council, 103;

municipal autonomy, 103;

freeing the serfs in, 103;

the "yunker" class, 103;

military reforms in, 103, 104, 162;

the League of Virtue, 103, 161;

subserviency to France, 104;

hostility to France, 106;

pleads bankruptcy, 106;

_N._ proposes further humiliation of, 107;

_N._ offers to evacuate, 108, 112, 167;

encouraged to revolt, 159, 161, 163;

civil reforms in, 164;

death of military reforms in, 164;

death of militarism in, 164;

_N.'s_ attitude toward, 178;

endeavors to secure mitigation of _N.'s_ demands, 178;

proposes to reduce her army, 178;

French evacuation of, 178, 182;

effect of battle of Jena on, 190;

military centralization of, 190;

warlike temper in, 195;

the pursuit after Waterloo, 210;

secret armament in, 225;

offer of Warsaw to, 225;

French occupation of the coast, 266;

Mme. de Stael in, 300;

pecuniary demands upon, 307;

treaty with France, Feb. 24, 1812, 320, 330;

_N.'s_ attitude toward, 321;

influence in Germany, 320;

threatened dismemberment of, 320;

renders military aid to France, 320;

furnishes contingent to _N.'s_ army, 324;

_N._ belittles, 327;

coalition with Austria and Russia, 331;

religious aspect of the European situation in, 382;

_N._ hints at territorial cessions to, 392;

in grand coalition against _N._, 393;

forced to a decision, 395;

_N._ demands more troops from, 395;

advised by Metternich to join Russia, 395;

entry of Russian troops into, 393, 398;

aims to recover Prussian Poland, 396-400;

popular detestation of _N._ in, 397;

death of the Queen, 397;

mobilization of the army, 397;

condition at opening of 1813, 397-399;

declares war, 398;

scheme for territorial aggrandizement of, 398;

seeks subsidy from England, 398;

designs on Saxony, 399;

_N._ determines to dismember, 399;

subsidized by England, 399, 417; iv. 76, 164;

strenuous endeavors of, iii. 403;

proposed restoration of, 407;

proposed new capital for, 409;

_N.'s_ new schemes for, 409;

proposed enlargement of, 415;

proposed rectification of the western boundary, 415;

secret treaty of Reichenbach, 416, 417, 422;

guarantees a war loan, 417;

treaty with England, June 14, 1813, 417;

strength of, iv. 5;

_N.'s_ personal spite against, 5, 17;

_N.'s_ attempts to separate Russia from, 17;

heroism in, 19;

losses at Dennewitz, 19;

_N._ offers terms to, 21;

scheme to restore her status of 1805, 22;

concludes alliance of Sept. 9, 1813, 22;

beginning of her military aggrandizement, 37;

acquires the hegemony of continental Europe, 37;

eagerness for war in, 41;

at the Congress of Frankfort, 41;

proposes to invade France via Liege, 54, 57;

troops on the Rhine, 55;

_N.'s_ implacable foe, 57;

seeks the retention of her acquisitions, 67;

desire for constitutional government in, 68;

eager for an armistice, 70, 71, 75;

treaty of Chaumont, 76;

the triple alliance, 76;

Metternich strives to check ambition of, 88;

party to the treaty of Fontainebleau (April, 1814), 133;

attitude at Congress of Vienna, 144, 145;

quota of troops, 164;

member of the Vienna coalition, 164;

campaign of Waterloo, 169 et seq.;

reaps harvest of political spoils at Waterloo, 214;

claims the glory of annihilating _N._, 214;

losses at Waterloo, 214;

claims the right of overseeing the imprisonment of _N._, 225;

influence in Germany, 298.

=Pruth, River=, Russia acquires a boundary on the, iii. 321.

=Przasnysz=, military operations near, iii. 13.

=Public works=, _N.'s_ scheme of, ii. 279.

=Pultusk=, battle of, iii. 1-10.

=Puntowitz=, military operations near, ii. 385, 386.

=Puster Valley=, military operations in the, i. 433.

=Pyramids=, battle of the, ii. 60.

=Pyrenees, the=, French troops in ii. 37, 44, 48; iii. 133, 134;

Louis XIV "abolishes," 70;

a boundary of the Continental System, 280;

plans for the defense of, 421;

Soult driven over, iv. 40;

France's "natural boundary," 41.

Q

=Quasdanowich, Gen.=, _N.'s_ operations against, i. 350;

captures Brescia, 380;

battle of Lonato, 380, 383;

strength in Friuli, 386.

=Quatre Bras=, military operations near, iv. 171, 175, 178;

battle of, 180-188;

_N.'s_ flight through, 211;

Ney at, 214.

=Quedlinburg=, apportioned to Prussia, ii. 263.

=Queiss, River=, military operations on the, iv. 15.

=Quenza, Col.=, elected lieutenant-colonel in National Guard of

Corsica, i. 166;

commanding Corsican volunteers, 170;

conduct at Ajaccio condemned, 172;

his command under Dumouriez, 184.

=Quiberon=, English expedition to, i. 277.

=Quinette, N. M.=, member of the new Directory, iv. 218.

=Quirinal, the=, Pius VII a _faineant_ prince in, iii. 119;

forcible entry into, 242.

R

=Raab=, Archduke John advances toward, iii. 226.

=Radetsky, Count J. J. W.=, military genius, 6;

favors invasion of France, 57;

courage, 59;

advises concentration of the allies at Arcis, 89.

=Radziwill, Princess=, member of Prussian reform party, ii. 415.

=Ragusa=, creation of hereditary duchy of, ii. 396;

_N._ offers the territory to England, 404, 405;

Marmont created Duke of, iii. 86. _See also_ =Marmont=.

"=Ragusade=," the word, iv. 127.

=Rahmaniyeh=, Mameluke retreat toward, ii. 69.

=Raigern=, military operations near, ii. 385, 386.

=Rambouillet=, the imperial court at, iii. 301;

flight of the Empress to, iv. 108-112, 135;

_N._ at, 219.

=Rambouillet decree, the=, March 23, 1810, iii. 274.

=Ramolini=, associated with _N._ in Corsica, i. 117.

=Ramolino, Letizia= (mother of _N._), marriage, i. 30;

character, 30-34.

_See also_ =Buonaparte, Letizia=.

=Rampon, Gen.=, holds Argenteau in check, i. 353, 356;

his stand at Monte Legino, 356, 393.

=Rapinat=, frauds of, ii. 91.

=Rapp, Count Jean=, on _N.'s_ desire for peace, ii. 268;

in battle of Austerlitz, 387;

seizes a would-be assassin of _N._, iii. 240;

recounts the horrors of the Russian campaign, 340;

begs _N._ to desist at Smolensk, 340;

commanding at Dantzic, 402.

=Rastatt=, Congress of, ii. 19, 22, 27, 38, 41, 51, 52, 69, 88, 89, 264;

neutralization of, 22;

the murders at, 89, 300.

=Ratisbon=, Jourdan's defeat near, i. 385;

selected as _N.'s_ headquarters, iii. 202;

military movements near, 203, 204, 205, 209, 216;

battle of, 211;

seized by Archduke Charles, 216;

_N._ wounded at, 240;

given to Dalberg, 266;

Saxon troops offered to Austria at, 399.

=Raynal, Abbe G. T. F.=, _N._ a disciple of, i. 71, 75-78, 81, 114,

115, 127, 137; ii. 46, 139;

his works and opinions, i. 75-78;

the "History of Corsica" addressed to, 92, 124, 127;

founds prize for essay on America, 137.

=Raynouard, F. J. M.=, "The Templars," ii. 350.

=Real, P. F.=, urges action against Bourbon plotters, ii. 304;

police-agent, 306;

share in the trial of d'Enghien, 306-310.

=Reason=, the party of, i. 250.

=Recamier, Mme.=, social life in Paris, i. 290; ii. 411, 412;

instigates Moreau's letter to _N._, 290;

_N.'s_ differences with, 411, 412;

relations with Mme. de Stael, 411;

exiled, 412.

=Recamier, M.=, bankruptcy of, ii. 411.

=Recco, Abbe=, _N.'s_ early tutor, i. 41.

="Redoubtable," the=, at Trafalgar, ii. 374.

=Red Sea=, its importance, ii. 46.

"=Reflections on the State of Nature=," i. 145.

=Reform=, the French nobility and, i. 142.

=Regensburg=, seat of the German Diet, ii. 404.

_See also_ =Ratisbon=.

=Reggio=, new scheme of government for, i. 402;

disposition by treaty of Leoben, 439;

creation of hereditary duchy of, ii. 396;

Oudinot created Duke of, iii. 86.

_See also_ =Oudinot=.

=Regnaud, M. L. E.=, ii. 214.

=Regnier, C. A.=, moves the appointment of _N._ as commander of the

Paris garrison, ii. 104;

in Leon, iii. 283;

strength, March, 1812, 324.

=Reich, Baronne de=, imprisonment of, ii. 304.

=Reichenbach=, French generals killed at, iii. 410;

secret treaty of, 416, 418, 422, 423; iv. 68.

=Reille, Gen.=, service in Spain, iii. 283;

at Leers, iv. 171;

in the Waterloo campaign, 171;

seizes Marchiennes, 173;

crosses the Sambre, 173;

at Thuin, 173;

disperses the Prussians at Gosselies, 175, 177;

battle of Quatre Bras, 181, 183, 186;

battle of Waterloo, 199-203.

=Religion=, _N.'s_ attitude toward, i. 146; ii. 205-208, 215-218,

224, 226, 227, 245, 256, 258, 259; iii. 174, 175;

influence on the social life of the world, ii. 47.

=Religious opinion=, freedom of, decreed, i. 110.

=Remusat, Mme. de=, _N.'s_ relations with, i. 77; ii. 9, 55, 118,

197, 198, 255, 421; iii. 19, 27, 80;

confidences with Josephine, ii. 308;

reports _N.'s_ answers to Josephine's charges, iii. 27;

conversations with Talleyrand, 80.

=Rene=, exploit at Lake Garda, i. 414.

=Rennes=, interview between _N._ and Villeneuve at, ii. 375.

=Republican calendar=, ceases to exist, ii. 406.

=Restoration, the=, revulsion of feeling against _N._ at the, ii. 199.

=Reudnitz=, military operations near, iv. 28.

=Revolution, the=, its germ, i. 74;

_N.'s_ views concerning, 78;

first mutterings and opening of, 96-98 et seq.;

excesses of, 108-111;

federation for, 141;

European antagonism to, 142;

in the Rhone Valley, 148-159;

becomes a national movement, 240;

favored in Lombardy and Tuscany, 261;

propagating the ideas of, 276; ii. 38;

failure to give political freedom to France, 293;

effect on the French people, 319;

its humanitarian mission, 348;

the art of, iii. 88;

treatment in French literature, 88;

completion of its program to close the continent to English

commerce, 279;

the work of, 422;

_N._ the standard-bearer of, 424; iv. 152, 261;

its principles and effect, 253-257;

shorn of its horrors, 297.

=Rewbell, J. F.=, member of the Directory, i. 309, 329, 332; ii. 35;

character, i. 329;

dissatisfied with treaty of Leoben, 441;

_N.'s_ relations with, ii. 23;

advocates _N.'s_ resignation, 52;

suspected of peculation, 92;

fails of reelection to the Directory, 91.

=Rey, Gen.=, in the battle of Rivoli, i. 414.

=Reynier, Gen.=, service in Egypt, ii. 53;

battle of the Pyramids, 60;

fails to keep Russia out of Warsaw, iii. 385;

division commander under Eugene, 393;

in campaign of 1813, 402;

beleaguers Schweidnitz, 413;

battle of Dennewitz, iv. 18;

battle of Leipsic, 27, 32, 34;

captured at Leipsic, 34;

exchanged, 61.

=Rheims=, prison massacres in, i. 188;

occupied by _N._, iv. 77;

captured by St. Priest, 80;

_N.'s_ low physical and moral condition at, 82;

captured by the French, 82, 84, 85;

_N._ at, 91, 107;

captured by the allies, 94;

possible advantages of a supposititious retreat by Marmont to, 99.

=Rhine, River, the=, the boundary question and struggles for, i. 276,

327, 334, 446, 450; ii. 22, 38, 41, 51, 193, 264, 356; iii. 416,

422; iv. 31, 41;

royalist plots on, i. 297;

military operations on, 341, 347, 358, 435, 439, 440; ii. 48, 87,

88, 160, 166, 304, 362-364, 404; iv. 36, 40, 54-60, 70, 169;

plundering on, ii. 38; iii. 75;

French supremacy on, ii. 96;

_N.'s_ scheme of petty states on, 265;

French march to the Danube from, 376;

Louis ordered to hold, 424;

a French river, iii. 270;

_N.'s_ excursion on, 421.

=Rhodes=, Turkish naval preparations at, ii. 75;

expedition to Egypt from, 75-79.

=Rhone, River, the=, French acquisitions on, i. 422;

_N.'s_ reception on, iv. 137.

=Rhone, Valley, the=, the Revolution in, i. 148-159;

_N.'s_ influence in, 178;

civil war in, 213;

to be ceded to France, ii. 40.

=Richelieu, Cardinal=, scheme of intervention in Germany, ii. 211;

policy at close of the Thirty Years' War, 264.

=Richepanse, Gen.=, success on the Mettenberg, ii. 168;

in battle of Hohenlinden, 191.

=Richmond, Duchess of=, ball on the eve of Waterloo, iv. 178.

=Richmond, Duke of=, interview between Wellington and, at the ball,

iv. 178.

=Ricord=, commissioner of the National Convention, i. 219;

in siege of Toulon, 231;

in charge of movements against Genoa, 248.

=Ricord, Mme.=, _N.'s_ attentions to, i. 256.

=Riga=, _N._ threatens to march to, iii. 304;

preparations for the siege of, 333;

Prussian troops at, 338;

military operations near, 353.

=Rights of man=, the, i. 326.

=Rippach=, skirmish at, iii. 404;

death of Bessieres at, 404.

=Riviera=, Austrian garrison for the, ii. 170.

=Rivoli=, the starting-point of _N.'s_ public career, i. 148;

battle of, 380, 388, 410-416; ii. 140, 323;

_N.'s_ estimate of, i. 416, 420;

effect of the campaign on European history, 416;

Massena created Duke of, iii. 86. _See also_ =Massena=.

=Road-work=, French popular hatred of, i. 105.

=Roberjot=, member of Congress of Rastatt, ii. 88;

killed at Rastatt, 89.

=Roberjot, Mme.=, accuses Debry of murder, ii. 89.

=Robespierre, Augustin=, commissioner of the National Convention, i. 219;

in siege of Toulon, 231;

_N.'s_ friendship with, 236, 241, 247, 253, 289;

leadership of, 241;

describes the French campaign in Lombardy, 244;

execution, 251;

influence on _N.'s_ life, iv. 248.

=Robespierre, Charlotte=, _N.'s_ attentions to, i. 256.

=Robespierre, Mme.=, pension for, ii. 293.

=Robespierre, Maximilien=, member of the National Convention, i. 188;

dictator of France, 194;

fall and execution, 247-252, 266;

religious decrees, 250;

_N.'s_ characterization of, 251;

hatred of the Church, 330;

dread of Carnot, 333;

influence on _N.'s_ life, iv. 248.

"=Robespierre, the Little=," i. 238.

=Rochambeau, Gen.=, succeeds Leclerc in San Domingo, ii. 237;

surrenders to an English fleet, 237.

=Rochefort=, naval expedition from, ii. 331, 333;

the fleet ordered to the English Channel from, 359;

Villeneuve's mission to relieve, 359;

the squadron ordered to the Mediterranean, iii. 111;

_N._ journeys to Rochefort, iv. 220;

English cruisers at, 220;

immunity from the White Terror, 223.

=Roederer=, ii. 51, 214;

dreads a new Terror, 94;

joins the Bonapartist ranks, 96;

an opportunist, 98;

on the necessity of renewing the constitution, 106;

the 18th Brumaire, 107;

member of the council of state, 152;

on Fourcroy's educational measures, 227;

advocates the Legion of Honor, 246;

suggests hereditary consulship, 245;

dismissed, 277;

character, 277;

reforms Neapolitan finance, iii. 130;

interviews and conversations with _N._, 197; iv. 248, 249;

sent out of France, 262.

=Roger-Ducos=, member of the Directory, ii. 92;

scheme to make him consul, 102;

proposed resignation of, 102;

resigns from the Directory, 106, 115, 118;

consul of France, 123.

=Rohan, Cardinal=, retirement at Ettenheim, ii. 301.

=Rohan-Rochefort, Princess Charlotte of=, married to Duc d'Enghien,

ii. 301;

the Duc d'Enghien's last message to, 310.

=Rohr=, Archduke Charles's force at, iii. 207.

=Roland, J. N.=, forms a ministry, i. 172;

leader of the Girondists, 189.

=Romagna=, surrendered to France, i. 422;

ceded to Venice at Leoben, 439;

incorporated in the Cisalpine Republic, ii. 21;

Austrian forces in, 170.

=Roman Catholic Church=, _N.'s_ views concerning the, i. 76;

influence in Corsica, 128;

opposition to the French Republic, 276;

the Pope shorn of his temporal power, iii. 242;

influence on France, iv. 253.

=Roman Catholics=, disturbances among, in Corsica, i. 167, 168.

=Roman Church=, _N.'s_ failure to Gallicize, iv. 260.

=Roman Empire, the=, ii. 329;

compared with Napoleonic France, ii. 222, 235.

=Roman Republic, the=, organization and proclamation of, ii. 30, 86;

Neapolitan invasion of, 87;

abandonment of, 205.

=Romanoff, House of=, _N._ proposes matrimonial alliances with, iii. 93.

=Rome=, maritime expedition against, i. 257, 261;

difficulties of an attack on, 262;

murder of French minister (Basseville) in, 261, 375, 422;

_N.'s_ hostility toward the central power at, 264;

temporal power of the Pope, 345;

plunder of, 369; ii. 39;

plan to capture, i. 375;

_N.'s_ plans concerning, 401, 405, 422, 423;

quarrel between France and, 401, 420;

influence of, 404;

proposition to hand her over to Spain, 420;

campaign against Pius VI, 420-423;

dispersal of the papal army, 422;

Victor's military watch on, 431;

_N.'s_ influence in, 448;

_N.'s_ operations against, ii. 9;

Joseph Buonaparte minister at, 28;

Berthier proclaims the Roman Republic in, 39;

calls Provera to reorganize her army, 39;

liberal rising in, 39;

Austria to be restrained from interference in, 42;

Neapolitan invasion of, 68, 72, 87;

recognition of the Pope's temporal power in, 207;

restrictions on residence in, 216;

remains of Pius VI sent to, 216;

Chateaubriand French representative at, 260;

France to evacuate, 262;

Madame Mere and Lucien at, 342;

_N._ demands recognition as Emperor of, 396;

ports of, closed to enemies of France, 396;

French occupation of, iii. 118;

excommunication for the invaders of, 119;

disbandment of the Noble Guard, 119;

Pius VII's idle state in, 119;

severing of the spiritual and temporal powers, 215, 242;

the city incorporated with Italy, 242;

occupied by Gen. Miollis, 242;

the College of Cardinals and ecclesiastical courts transported to

France, 258, 263;

the department of, created, 262, 263, 279;

secularization of the convents, 263;

dispersal of foreign prelates, 264;

Paris a rival to, as capital of the Western empire, 307;

sends deputation to Paris, 380;

restoration of the Pope's domains, 391;

Murat marches on, iv. 56;

Lucien fosters revolution in, 144;

France the heir of, 253;

influence throughout Italy, 256.

=Rome= (ancient), governmental systems of, adopted in France, i. 269,

270; ii. 123;

influence on French art, iii. 88;

the territorial expansion of, 164;

loss of her political liberty, iv. 260;

the history of, 294.

=Rome, the King of=, Schwarzenberg's toast to, iii. 261;

the title, 262;

birth of, 302, 328;

brilliancy of his future, 302;

address of the Paris Chamber of Commerce on the birth of, 303;

his portrait at Borodino, 343;

entrusted to care of the National Guard, iv. 53;

Joseph enjoined to preserve him from Austrian capture, 91;

likened to Astyanax, 91, 108;

chances of his succession, 107;

flight from Paris, 107-110;

an ill omen for, 109;

proposed regency for, 114;

_N._ declares for his succession, 124;

territory granted to, 133;

proposed coronation of, 157;

dismissal of his French attendants, 162;

sends message to his father, 162;

failure of the attempt to crown, 165;

_N.'s_ farewell message to, 233.

=Roncesvalles=, French military movements at, iii. 132.

=Ronco=, military operations at, i. 389-391.

=Rosily, Adm.=, ordered to supersede Villeneuve, ii. 372.

=Rositten=, military operations near, iii. 14.

=Rossbach=, battle of, iv. 267.

=Rosslau=, military operations near, iv. 21, 22.

=Rossomme=, _N._ at, iv. 195, 207, 210;

fighting at, 211.

=Rostino=, meeting of _N._ and Paoli at, i. 132.

=Rousseau, Jean Jacques=, views on Corsica, i. 18, 19;

offered asylum by Paoli, 19;

_N.'s_ study of, and admiration for, 65, 70-78, 114, 145, 264;

ii. 139, 256; iv. 292;

_N.'s_ style compared with that of, i. 136;

on man in a state of nature, 145;

influence of, in France, 266, 267;

theory of natural boundaries, 326;

Chateaubriand a disciple of, ii. 259.

=Roussel, Gen.=, in battle of Waterloo, iv. 202.

=Roustan=, reply to Rousseau, i. 76.

=Roverbello=, battle of, iv. 56.

=Roveredo=, battle of, i. 384;

abandoned by Vaubois, 387.

=Rovigo=, creation of hereditary duchy of, ii. 396;

Savary created Duke of, iii. 86. _See also_ =Savary=.

=Royal Corsican Regiment=, refuses to fight against its native

island, i. 22.

=Royal family=, imprisoned in the Temple, i. 175.

=Royalism=, hatred of the French for, ii. 194;

its evils abolished from France, 224.

=Royalists=, institute the "White Terror," i. 277, 278;

plots and intrigues of, 277, 298, 328; ii. 3-6, 8, 36, 241,

297-301; iv. 81;

English subsidies for, i. 325;

banished from Sardinia, 353;

the Clichy faction, ii. 3-5, 7, 8;

relations and negotiations between _N._ and, ii. 3-6, 36, 124,

134, 195, 229, 239, 259; iv. 259;

extended influence in 1798, ii. 5;

events of the 18th of Fructidor, 7, 8, 22, 23;

Austria seeks their triumph in Paris, 19;

proscription of, 8, 22, 23;

attitude of the Directory toward, 36;

claims concerning the murders at Rastatt, 89;

Moreau's tendency toward, 94;

sigh for a second Richelieu, 120;

views of the results of the 18th Brumaire, 121;

encouraged to return to France, 130;

dissensions among, 239-241;

publish "L'Ambigu," 270;

the Cadoudal conspiracy, 297 et seq.;

in Alsace, 301;

argument in their favor, 348;

growing strength of, iv. 98;

display their enthusiasm in Paris, 114;

their hour of triumph, 127;

opposition to, by the army, 132;

supported in Provence, 137;

plots against _N.'s_ life, 138, 144;

commemorate the death of Louis XVI, 149;

defend the Tuileries, 158;

stirred up by Jacobin enmity to _N._, 166.

=Royal power=, _N._ on, i. 93.

=Royal Scots Fusileers=, in battle of Waterloo, iv. 201.

="Royal Sovereign," the=, at Trafalgar, ii. 373.

=Royer-Collard, P. P.=, Royalist intrigues of, iv. 106.

=Ruechel, Gen.=, his military command, ii. 425;

at Eisenach, 427;

ordered to concentrate at Weimar, 430;

in battle of Jena, 430, 431.

=Rue de Paix, the=, iii. 74.

=Rue Rivoli, the=, iii. 74.

=Rully, Gen.=, commands expedition to Corsica, i. 125;

killed at St. Florent, 126.

=Rumanizoff, Count=, Russian minister, iii. 100, 113;

discusses partition of Turkey, 116;

at the Erfurt conference, 171;

foresees danger to the Franco-Russian alliance, 244;

adviser to Alexander I, 351;

leads the peace party of Russia, 351.

=Rumbold=, seized by French agents at Hamburg, ii. 330.

=Rumelia=, proposed disposition of, after Tilsit, iii. 55.

=Russbach, River=, military operations on the, iii. 219, 226, 230.