=Bluecher, Marshal G. L. von=, member of Prussian reform party, ii. 415;

Prussian commander, 419;

military movements near Eisenach, 427;

battle of Auerstaedt, 433;

reaches Luebeck, 437;

duplicity to Klein, 436;

surrender of, 437;

in campaign of 1813, iii. 399;

at Striegau, iv. 3, 6;

violates the armistice, 3, 6;

commanding the army of the East, 6;

gives _N._ an advantage, 6, 7;

secures an independent command, 6;

pursued by _N._, 7;

at Bunzlau, 7;

retreats behind the Deichsel, 7;

crosses the Katzbach, 8;

battle of Katzbach, 15;

pursues Macdonald, 15;

Macdonald fails to hold, 17;

operations in Silesia, 17;

attacks Macdonald at Fischbach, 18;

Macdonald ordered to check his advance, 20;

advances on Dresden, 20;

northward movement, 21;

marches to Kemberg, 22;

drives Bertrand to Bitterfeld, 22;

contemplated movement against, 23;

_N._ seeks to engage, 25, 26;

joint movements with Bernadotte and Schwarzenberg, 26;

advances to Halle, 26;

battle of Leipsic, 28, 30, 33;

acquires two Swedish corps, 56;

crosses the Rhine, 57;

aims to annihilate _N._, 57;

crosses the Saar, 58;

invests the Mosel fortresses, 58;

advances on Arcis, 58;

effects union with Schwarzenberg, 60;

defeated at Brienne, 60;

battles of La Rothiere and Troyes, 60;

predicts a speedy entry into Paris, 61;

leads the advance down the Marne, 62;

attempts to cut off Macdonald, 61;

strength, Feb. 9, 1814, 61;

French movement from Sezanne against, 62, 63;

battle of Montmirail, 63;

retreat across the Marne, 63;

defeated at Vauchamps, 64;

retreats to Bergeres, 65;

drives Marmont to Fromentieres, 64;

_N._ deals him "a blow in the eye," 70;

Marmont ordered to hold, 71;

at Mery, 73;

collects his army at Chalons, 73;

Oudinot sent against, 73;

pursued by _N._, 75;

makes diversion in favor of main army, 75;

advances on Paris, 76;

letter from Frederick William III, Feb. 26, 1814, 75;

_N._ in pursuit of, 76;

moves on Meaux, 76;

recruits his forces at Soissons, 77;

retreats up the Ourcq, 76;

checked by Marmont and Mortier, 76;

crosses the Marne, 76;

cut off from Schwarzenberg, 77;

driven north, 77;

battle of Craonne, 78;

retreats from Craonne to Laon, 78;

dissensions in his army, 77-80, 84;

battle of Laon, 79;

recalls York, 80;

regains communication with Schwarzenberg, 80;

dismayed at the capture of Rheims, 84, 85;

besieges Compiegne, 84;

resumes the offensive, 92, 93;

Marmont's plan of operations against, 93;

crosses the Aisne, 93;

effects junction with Schwarzenberg, 94, 95, 97;

captures a courier to the Empress, 96;

advised of the movement on Paris, 98;

"Marshal Forward," 98;

crosses the Marne, 99;

fears of, in Paris, 108;

captures Montmartre, 111;

desires to take the field, 169;

plan of the campaign of Waterloo, 169;

quality of his troops, 171;

_N.'s_ position with regard to Wellington and, 171;

relative strength in Waterloo campaign, 172;

awaits developments, 173;

relations with Wellington, 176, 177;

possible change of strategy, 176;

defensive movements, 178;

at Fleurus, 179;

retires from Fleurus, 180;

his tactics criticized by Wellington, 181;

meeting with Wellington at Bry, 180;

battle of Ligny, 181, 182;

gets "a ---- good licking," 183, 184;

wounded at Ligny, 185;

Grouchy's pursuit of, 187;

apprehended movement to join Wellington, 187;

promises support to Wellington, 190;

Grouchy aims to prevent union between Wellington and, 191;

movement to Wavre, 191-194;

disaster at Ligny, 193;

possible retreat via Louvain, 194;

fails to come to Wellington's assistance, 204;

Wellington's faint-hearted cooeperation with, 213;

his lines of retreat, 214;

determination to kill _N._, 220, 223;

_character_: ambition, iv. 7;

ardor and courage, 59, 98, 177, 181, 182;

desire for glory and revenge, 68, 220, 223;

duplicity, ii. 436;

head-strong temper, iv. 6, 7, 14;

influence over troops, 171, 172;

over-confidence, 62, 63;

self-indulgence, 172.

=Bober, River=, military movements on the, iv. 7, 16.

=Bocognano=, _N._ in hiding near, i. 202, 203.

=Bohemia=, Archduke Ferdinand escapes into, ii. 366;

Archduke Ferdinand commanding in, 380;

_N.'s_ line of retreat through, 392;

plan of Austrian operations in, iii. 199;

_N.'s_ reasons for not pursuing Archduke Charles into, 210;

gathering of Austrian troops in, 414;

boundary of a neutral zone, 414;

beacons flash the declaration of war through, 423;

Austro-Russian troops in, iv. 3;

advance of Russian troops toward, 6;

the allies' communication with, threatened, 9;

guarding the passes from, 18;

refuge of the allies in, 24;

army of, moves on Paris, 98.

=Bohemian Forest=, military movements in the, iii. 204, 210, 216.

=Bois, Pierre du=, proposes French seizure of Egypt, ii. 46.

=Bologna=, seizure and ransom of, i. 374, 375;

the Pope prepares to recover, 398;

armistice of, 401;

new scheme of government for, 402;

_N._ at, 409, 419;

military operations at, 409, 419;

surrendered to France, 421;

ceded to Venice at Leoben, 438;

corporated in the Cisalpine Republic, ii. 21.

=Bonaparte=. _See_ =Buonaparte=.

=Boniface, Pope=, crowns Pepin, ii. 325.

=Bonifacio=, _N._ at, i. 193.

=Bonnier, M.=, member of the Congress of Rastatt, ii. 89;

killed at Rastatt, 89.

=Bontemps, M.=, arrest of, ii. 27.

=Bordeaux=, condition in 1793, i. 222;

exempt from legislation concerning Jews, iii. 78;

opens its gates to English troops, iv. 87;

proclamation of Louis XVIII., 87;

_N._ seeks to rouse imperial feeling in, 220;

immunity from the White Terror, 223.

=Borghese, Prince=, marries Pauline (Buonaparte) Leclerc, ii. 258;

separates from Pauline, iv. 142.

=Borghese, Princess Pauline (Buonaparte)=, looseness of her life,

iv. 142;

acquires the duchy of Lucca, ii. 354;

dismissed from Paris, iv. 142;

accompanies _N._ to Elba, 139-142;

alleged scandalous relations with _N._, 142.

_See also_ =Buonaparte, Pauline=.

=Borghetto=, battle of, i. 372.

=Borgo, Pozzo di=. _See_ =Pozzo di Borgo=.

=Bormida, River=, road to Italy opened through the valley of, i. 257;

the country of, ii. 177;

Melas crosses, 178;

military operations on the, 181.

=Borodino=, Bonaparte at, ii. 392;

battle of, iii. 343, 344, 346-348;

rescuing the wounded from the field of, 358.

=Borrissoff=, the French retreat through, iii. 363, 366, 370;

Russian plan of operation at, 366;

captured by Tchitchagoff, 367, 368;

battles at, 369-372.

=Borstell, Gen.=, battle of Dennewitz, iv. 19.

=Bosporus=, proposed expedition to the, iii. 113.

=Botanical Garden=, lecture system of the, i. 281.

=Bothnia=, repulse of the Russians from, iii. 116.

=Bou, Mme.=, i. 184.

=Boudet, Gen. Jean=, in battle of Essling, iii. 219, 220.

=Bouille, Marquis F. C. A. de=, i. 314.

=Boulay de la Meurthe, Antoine=, presents temporary plan of the

Consulate, ii, 123;

member of the council of state, 152;

reviser of the Code, 222.

=Boulogne=, the Army of England, flotilla, and military

preparations at, ii. 48, 290, 291, 331, 358;

_N._ at, 48;

_N.'s_ ceremonial at, July, 1804, 328;

real purpose of the flotilla, 334;

distribution of Legion of Honor crosses at, 360;

the army ordered east from, 362.

=Bourbon-Conde, Louis-Antoine-Henri de=. _See_ =Enghien, Duc d'=.

=Bourbon-Hapsburg alliance=, Corsica joins the, i. 21.

=Bourbons, the=, influence of, i. 22;

_N.'s_ attitude toward, 177; ii. 29, 194, 205, 271, 301, 312, 356;

iv. 156;

discredit royalty, i. 268;

their motto, 297;

France's demands on Austria concerning, ii. 43;

hopes and rumors of restoration of, and plots therefore, 94, 122,

158, 194, 255, 317; iv. 51, 67, 68, 113, 114, 164, 165;

Talleyrand's predilection for, ii. 122;

England's attitude toward, 143, 144, 271, 356; iv. 68;

a blow at the, ii. 207;

_N._ complains of England's protection of, 271, 356;

foster the Jacobin spirit of insurrection, 300;

responsibility for the execution of Ney, 300;

the Duc d'Enghien, 301;

intrigues against _N.'s_ life, 304; iv. 141, 144;

_N.'s_ attempt to fix death of Duc d'Enghien on, ii. 312;

causes of the French dislike for, 317;

their "divine right," 317;

their founder, 350;

scheme to establish a monarchy in America, iii. 134, 141;

Metternich's desire to restore the, iv. 67, 68;

rising in Vendee, 102;

restoration of, 109, 113-115, 132, 146;

enthusiasm for, in Paris, 115;

revulsion of feeling in France and by Alexander against, 125, 126;

fickle imperialists support Louis XVIII, 132;

maintain spies in Elba, 142;

_N._ on the illegitimacy of their throne, 156.

=The Neapolitan=, impending downfall, ii. 357;

banished, 390, 395, 401; iii. 214;

proposal that they retain power in Sicily, ii. 401.

=The Spanish=, scheme to emancipate Spain from rule of, ii. 44;

incapacity and degradation, iii. 70;

_N.'s_ attitude toward, 142;

deposed, 145-148, 150, 164;

proposals to restore the throne to, 271, 416.

=Bourgeoisie=, the, at outbreak of the Revolution, i. 101, 107;

_N._ seeks the support of, ii. 278.

=Bourmont, Gen.=, deserts before Charleroi, iv. 174.

=Bourrienne, L. A. F. de=, on the question of _N.'s_ birth, i. 37;

shares mathematical honors with _N._, 56;

shares _N.'s_ poverty in Paris, 174;

obtains diplomatic position at Stuttgart, 174;

anecdotes of _N._ by, 175;

describes _N.'s_ personality, 284;

_N.'s_ friendship for, 295;

improved fortunes of, 295;

_N.'s_ confidences with, ii. 51;

on _N.'s_ plans of escaping from Egypt, 83;

_N._ expresses his satisfaction to, concerning the 18th Brumaire, 110;

rebukes _N._ at St. Cloud, 113;

character, 277;

dismissed, 277;

on Mme. de Stael, iii. 298;

venality of, iv. 106.

=Bourse=, _N.'s_ failure to govern the, ii. 410;

rise in values after the Austrian marriage, iii. 264.

=Bowles, Col. Geo.=, conversation with Wellington, iv. 184.

=Boyer, Gen. J. P.=, prepares a "triumphal" return to Cairo, ii. 76.

=Brabant=, visit of _N._ and Maria Louisa to, iii. 269;

French occupation of, 270;

_N.'s_ offer to exchange it for Hanseatic towns, 270.

=Braganza, House of=, decline of, iii. 119;

flight to Brazil, 134;

_N._ proposes to restore Portugal to, 319.

=Brandenburg=, proposed allotment of, to Jerome, iii. 409;

the Army of the North in, iv. 2;

contemplated operations in, 7.

=Brandenburg, House of=, the imperial crown for the, ii. 420;

owes its safety to the Czar, iii. 73.

=Braunau=, the Austrian camp at, ii. 365;

captured by Lannes, 367;

Russian troops at, 368;

French occupation of, 405.

=Bray=, Macdonald before, iv. 72.

=Brazi=, Don John embarks for, iii. 121.

=Breisgau=, grant to Grand Duke of Tuscany in, ii. 193;

Duc d'Enghien prepares to retire to the, 302, 303;

part of, acquired by Baden, 391;

Wuertemberg acquires part of, 391.

=Breitenlee=, Austrian advance through, iii. 220.

=Bremen=, closed to British commerce, ii. 287;

laid under contribution, 287;

proposal to give it to Prussia, 400;

Bernadotte's force in, iii. 202;

scheme to incorporate with France, 266;

position in the French empire, 279;

French forces at, 393.

=Brenta, River=, military operations on the, i. 384, 390-392, 406.

=Brescia=, seized by France, i. 371;

the French position at, 379;

captured by Quasdanowich, 380;

evacuated by the enemy, 381;

the revolutionary movement in, 428, 435.

=Breslau=, Russian troops at, ii. 380;

the Prussian court moves from Berlin to, iii. 396;

patriotism in the university, 398;

French occupation of, 413;

pursuit of the allies to, 413;

French evacuation of, 414, 415;

military movements near, iv. 3.

=Brest=, naval preparations at, ii. 48, 68, 333, 359, 360, 441;

blockade of, iii. 48;

junction of Nelson and Cornwallis before, ii. 359;

the fleet ordered to the English Channel from, 359;

Villeneuve's mission to relieve, 360;

the squadron ordered to the Mediterranean, iii. 111;

imprisonment of Schill's followers in, 233;

naval station at, 380.

=Brest-Litovski=, military operations near, iii. 353.

="Briars, The,"= _N._ a guest at, iv. 229, 230.

=Bribery=, _N.'s_ first lesson in, i. 203.

=Bridge of Arts=, the, iii. 74.

=Brienne=, _N._ at, i. 37, 46-59, 146, 210; iv. 60;

_N.'s_ mock battles at, i. 53; iv. 60;

Lucien Buonaparte at, i. 81;

Lucien quits, and Louis remains at, 88;

Louis fails of admission to, 96;

_N.'s_ garden at, 210;

_N.'s_ contemporaries at, 216;

battle of, iv. 60, 61;

military movements near, 95, 96.

=Brienne, Mme. Lomenie de=, _N.'s_ early friend, i. 52, 105.

=Brigandage=, suppression of, in Corsica, i. 14, 15.

=Brigido, Col.=, at battle of Arcole, i. 390.

=Brindisi=, embargo on, ii. 287.

=Brinkmann=, on _N.'s_ influence in France, ii. 133.

=Brissot, J. P.=, leader of the Girondists, i. 189.

=Brittany=, foundation of the Jacobin Club in, i. 107;

violence and civil war in, 207, 222, 277, 305; ii. 91, 146;

_N._ conciliates, 146;

suspected plot of the Duc de Berry in, 303.

=Brixen=, Joubert at, i. 434;

apportioned to the Grand Duke of Tuscany, ii. 266;

ceded to Bavaria, 391.

=Broglie, Duc de=, on the Emperor's court at Fontainebleau, iii. 245.

=Broussier, Gen.=, marches to relief of Paris, iv. 102.

=Bruck=, Prince Eugene at, iii. 225.

=Brueys d'Aigalliers, Vice-Adm. Francois-Paul=, commanding French

fleet in the Adriatic, ii, 18;

ordered to Corfu, 62;

ordered to Alexandria, 62;

in the battle of the Nile, 62-66.

=Bruix, Adm. E.=, sent to conquer the Mediterranean ii. 79;

interview with Barras, 107;

argument in favor of the slave-trade, 236.

=Brumaire=, the plot of the 18th of, ii. 102 et seq., 119 et seq.,

315; iv. 258.

=Brune, Gen. G. M. A.=, plunders Bern, ii. 40;

military genius, 88;

campaign in Holland, 87, 93, 96, 323;

battle of Bergen, 93;

supersedes Massena in Italy, 190;

advances to Trent, 192;

created marshal, 323;

venality of, iii. 81.

=Brunet, Gen.=, commanding the Army of Italy, i. 213.

=Bruenn=, military operations near, ii. 367, 369, 379, 383-386; iii. 229;

_N._ establishes headquarters at, ii. 379.

=Brunswick=, French occupation of, ii. 443;

organization of the Black Legion, iii. 234;

the Black Legion's escape through, 234;

restored to its former ruler, iv. 40.

=Brunswick, Charles F. W., Duke of=, commander-in-chief of the

Prussian army, ii. 419, 424, 427;

at Naumberg, 424;

decline of his influence, 428;

at Erfurt, 427;

plan of opposition to the French, 428;

in battle of Jena, 429-433;

death of, 433, 443;

proclamation against the French republic, 443;

appeals to _N.'s_ mercy, 443.

=Brunswick, Frederick W., Duke of=, deprived of his throne, iii. 234;

organizes the Black Legion, 234;

exploits with the Black Legion, 234;

escapes to England, 234.

=Brunswick, House of=, Sieyes suspected of plotting with the, ii. 95.

=Bruslart=, governor of Corsica, plots against _N._, iv. 150.

=Brussels=, proposed invasion of France via, iv. 57;

York retires to, 80;

military operations near, 170, 179, 180, 190, 192, 194, 195;

topography of, 195.

=Brutus=, statue at the Tuileries, ii. 147.

=Bruyeres=, killed at Reichenbach, iii. 410.

=Bry=, meeting of Wellington and Bluecher at, iv. 180.

=Bubna, Gen.=, emissary from Francis to _N._, iii. 238, 395; iv. 21;

suggests an armistice, iii. 408;

procrastinates, 417;

confronting Augereau at Geneva, iv. 57;

in the campaign of 1814, 62;

driven from Lyons by Augereau, 67.

="Bucentaur," the=, destruction of, ii. 24.

="Bucentaure," the=, at Trafalgar, ii. 374.

=Budberg=, Russian councilor, iii. 52.

=Budweis=, Archduke Charles at, iii. 216.

=Buenos Ayres=, English expedition against, iii. 100.

="Buffer" states=, ii. 402; iii. 55.

=Bug, River=, proposed French occupation to the, ii. 442;

military operations on the, iii. 2, 117, 358.

=Bulgaria=, alleged concession of, to Russia, iii. 55.

=Bull-fights=, _N._ proposes to introduce them into Paris, ii. 409.

=Buelow, Gen. F. W. von=, junction of Bernadotte with, iii. 399;

commanding Army of the North, iv. 3;

holding Berlin, iv. 3;

strength, 3;

belittled by _N._, 5;

military ability, 14;

battle of Grossbeeren, 14;

battle of Dennewitz, 18;

cooeperates with Graham in the Netherlands, 57;

captures Soissons, 77;

commanding reserve forces, 177;

in Waterloo campaign, 177;

near Beauderet, 185;

at St. Lambert, 194;

battle of Waterloo, 204-207.

=Bunbury, Sir Henry=, on commission to notify _N._ of his sentence,

iv. 226.

=Bunzlau=, Bluecher at, iv. 7.

=Buonaparte, Carlo Maria di= (father of _N._), early life of, i. 29, 30;

ennobled, 29;

marriage, 30;

submission and French naturalization, 32;

character, 22, 44;

death, 34, 63;

ambitions and advancements, 43-47, 57, 63;

mission to Versailles, 44-47;

claim against the Jesuits, 47, 63;

breaks down, 57;

his "infamy," 97;

_N._ renounces the royalist principles of, 136;

his paternity of _N._ denied, iv. 137.

=Buonaparte, Caroline= (sister of _N._), birth, i. 33;

at Nice, 244;

early life, 322;

gift to her brother on departure for Egypt, ii. 53;

married to Murat, 195, 258;

resents _N.'s_ abuse of Murat, iv. 56.

_See also_ =Murat, Mme=.

=Buonaparte, Princess Charlotte=, proposal to marry her to the

Prince of Asturias, iii. 129;

sent to Madame Mere, 130.

=Buonaparte, Hortense=, life in Holland, iii. 26;

death of her eldest son, 52;

quarrels with the Grand Duchess of Berg, 179;

share in the Austrian marriage negotiations, 253;

Louis complains of, 270;

criticized by Mme. de Stael, 298.

_See also_ =Beauharnais, Hortense=.

=Buonaparte, Jerome= (brother of _N._), birth, i. 33, 64;

sent to school in Paris, 309;

marriage to Elizabeth Patterson, ii. 257;

residence in the United States, 257;

deserts his wife Elizabeth, 257;

service in the West Indies, 257;

fails to secure divorce from his American wife, 396;

marries Catherine of Wuertemberg, 399; iii. 93, 94;

assists in the sack of Poland, ii. 440;

commanding corps of Wuertembergers and Bavarians, iii. 3;

King of Westphalia, 56, 279;

Pius VII refuses to annul his marriage, 68;

assumes the title of Napoleon, 82;

relations with _N._, 82;

ordered to raise levies in Westphalia, 132;

at the Erfurt conference, 171;

defeated by the Black Legion, 234;

deprived of part of Hanover, 278;

supplies quota to _N.'s_ army, 322;

in the Russian campaign, 336;

at Grodno, 336;

military blunders and incompetence, 336;

proposed allotment of Brandenburg and Berlin to, 409;

flees to France, iv. 40;

takes refuge in Switzerland, 135;

assigned to the House of Peers, 160;

battle of Waterloo, 199, 211.

=Buonaparte, Joseph= (grandfather of _N._), ennobled, i. 28.

=Buonaparte, Joseph= (brother of _N._), childish relations with

_N._, i. 40;

educated for the priesthood, 44, 55;

goes to Autun, 44;

character, 49; iii. 130, 131; iv. 106;

desire for military service, i. 55;

search for a career, 55, 57, 79, 83, 89, 96, 134, 140, 288, 292-295;

attends his father in his last illness, 58, 63;

his politics, 83;

studies law at Pisa, 89;

early struggles, 96;

claims share in framing Corsican appeal to National Assembly, 118;

appointed mayor's secretary at Ajaccio, 123;

at Marseilles, 127;

member of the Constituent Assembly at Orezza, 131, 134;

represents Ajaccio in district Directory, 134;

disappointments to, 134;

political offices and schemes, 140, 144;

member of Corsican Directory, 161;

reminiscences of, conversations, confidences, and relations with

_N._, 178; iii. 45, 82, 109, 140, 148, 149, 190;

leaves Corsica for Toulon, i. 207;

trades on his brother's commission in the National Guard, 208;

made commissary-general, 238;

marriage of, 254;

deprived of employment, 284, 287;

settles in Genoa, 288, 291;

proposed land speculation for, 288;

_N.'s_ correspondence with, 290-297, 312; ii. 66; iii. 18, 184,

299; iv. 61, 73, 77, 91, 216;

plans for diplomatic appointment, i. 292, 294;

marriage, 295;

enamoured of Desiree Clary, 312;

receives diplomatic appointment, 309;

French minister at Rome, ii. 28, 39;

demands Provera's dismissal from Rome, 39;

demands his passports, 39;

sends information to _N._ in Egypt, 80;

political and social preferment, 96;

member of the Five Hundred, 95;

plenipotentiary to negotiate with Cobenzl, 188;

France's representative at Luneville, 193;

his skilful diplomacy, 256;

negotiates the treaty of Amiens, 263;

_N._ confides the Duc d'Enghien's case to, 307;

at Malmaison, 308;

seeks clemency for the Duc d'Enghien, 308;

coolness between _N._ and, 308;

the right of imperial succession in his family, 322;

created Elector and imperial prince, 322;

on his brother's strength with the army, 334;

at _N.'s_ coronation, 342;

declines the crown of Italy, 352;

in battle of Austerlitz, 387;

made king of Naples, 395;

dominion over Sicily, 401;

advised to show himself terrible at first, 439;

reports _N.'s_ Indian scheme, 442;

Pius VII refuses to recognize his sovereignty, iii. 68;

assumes the title of Napoleon, 82;

residence at Naples, 129;

interview with _N._ at Venice, 129-131;

the crown of Spain offered to, 131;

reform of Neapolitan politics, 130;

ambition, 131;

ordered to Bayonne, 149;

king of Spain, 150, 169, 142, 279, 382, 421;

assumes government at Madrid, iii. 154;

entreats _N._ assistance in Spain, 158;

lacks male descendants, 160;

asserts his sovereignty, 190;

driven from Madrid, 190;

the Spaniards swear allegiance to, 191, 192;

accompanies _N._ on his second marriage journey, 258;

his Spanish territory contracted, 278;

signs a conditional abdication, 282;

bickerings with Soult, 287;

Wellington moves to Madrid against, 290;

temporary government at Valencia, 377;

acting regent in Paris, iv. 58, 61;

gives up hope, 81;

sends flag of truce to Bernadotte, 85;

enjoined to save the Empress and her son from Austrian capture, 91;

member of the Empress-Regent's council, 106;

proclaims his brother's approach to Paris, 109;

prepares for defense of Paris, 109;

deputy emperor, 111;

overtakes the Empress at Chartres, 111;

empowers Marmont to treat for surrender, 111;

Napoleon's rage at, 115;

takes refuge in Switzerland, 135;

assigned to the House of Peers, 160;

president of the council of state, 169;

advised to hold the legislature in hand, 216.

=Buonaparte, Josephine=, marital relations with _N._, i. 452-455;

ii. 66, 84, 198, 256, 328; iii. 11, 26, 27, 160, 161, 179-181,

246, 247, 252-253;

character, licentious conduct, jealousy, etc., i. 452-455;

ii. 55, 84; iii. 11, 27, 92, 246, 247;

domestic and social life, the imperial court, etc., i. 452-455;

ii. 254-257, 279; iii. 91-94, 145;

the divorce, its causes and decretal, i. 453, 454; ii. 66, 84,

256, 328; iii. 99, 160, 161, 179-181, 245-247, 252, 253;

letters from _N._, i. 320, 452, 455; iii. 43, 60, 110;

visits Rome, ii. 28;

joins _N._ in Paris, Dec., 1797, 28;

royalist intrigues with, 36;

bids farewell to _N._ at Toulon, 55;

influence over Gohier, 97;

in pecuniary straits, 122;

brings about marriage between Hortense and Louis Bonaparte, 257;

fear of Talleyrand, 308;

attitude in the Duc d'Enghien's case, 308;

accompanies _N._ to Boulogne, 328;

ecclesiastically married to _N._, 341;

the coronation, 342-346;

forbidden to follow her husband to Poland, iii. 27;

reproaches _N._ with his amours, 27;

travels through France, 74;

accompanies _N._ to Bayonne, 142;

_N.'s_ harsh treatment at Fontainebleau, 179;

self-abasement of, 246;

withdraws to Malmaison, 247;

conducts negotiations for _N.'s_ Austrian marriage, 253;

_N._ visits, after the divorce, 257;

never preferred to power, 327.

=Buonaparte, Letizia=, death of, i. 34;

tradition concerning birth of _N._, 39, 40;

character, 40; iv. 137, 287;

letter from _N._ to, i. 64;

vicissitudes of fortune, 64, 65, 80, 96, 225, 291; ii. 95; iv. 287;

her opinion of _N._, i. 84;

settles near Toulon, 262;

disapproves _N.'s_ marriage, 321;

social influence, ii. 96;

remark of Mme. Permon to, 130;

distrusts _N.'s_ elevation, 258;

residence in Corsica, 258;

refuses to attend the coronation, 342;

Princess Charlotte's sojourn with, iii. 130;

attacks on her good name, iv. 137;

visits _N._ at Elba, 142;

thrift, 287;

knowledge of _N.'s_ limitations, 287.

=Buonaparte, Louis= (brother of _N._), birth, i. 33;

prospects, 80;

loses appointment to artillery school, 88;

remains at Brienne, 88;

_N._ aids and protects, 89, 96, 140, 144, 147, 149, 150;

fails to secure admission to Brienne, 96;

certificate to his republicanism, 136;

confirmed, 147;

follows his brother's fortunes, 159, 263;

idle career, 184;

promoted adjutant-general of artillery, 238;

ordered to Chalons as a cadet, 238;

officer of home guard at Nice, 254;

falls from favor, 254;

lieutenant of artillery, 262;

deprived of employment, 284;

ordered to Chalons, 288, 291;

promoted, 309;

marries Hortense Beauharnais, ii. 257; iii. 269;

his son Napoleon, ii. 282;

created Constable of France, 323; iii. 96;

at _N.'s_ coronation, ii. 342;

declines the crown of Italy for his son, 352;

made king of Holland, 397; iii. 25, 96, 269;

ordered to hold the Rhine, ii. 424;

character, iii. 25;

reprimanded by _N._ for economy, 25;

character of his reign, 25, 148, 270, 271, 276-278;

letters from _N._, 140, 148, 276;

relations with _N._, 82;

assumes title of Louis Napoleon, 82;

the Spanish crown offered to, 140;

refuses the crown, 140, 207;

loyalty to the Dutch, 140;

violates the Continental System, 266;

_N.'s_ affection for, 269;

promoted general, 269;

made councilor of state, 269;

share in the Italian and Egyptian campaigns, 269;

arrogates the royal dignity to himself, 270;

_N.'s_ quarrel with, 269-277;

_N._ offers to exchange the Hanseatic towns for Brabant and

Zealand, 270;

contemplates resistance to _N._, 270;

reduced to the position of a French governor, 270, 271;

prepares to defend Holland, 271;

summoned to Paris, 270;

complains of his queen Hortense, 270;

virtually a prisoner in France, 270;

submits to _N._, 271;

permitted to return to Amsterdam, 271;

opens negotiations with England, 271;

continues to oppose _N._, 275, 276;

flight to Teplitz, 276.

=Buonaparte, Louis Napoleon= (nephew of _N._, son of Louis; crown

prince of Holland), created Grand Duke of Berg, iii. 279.

=Buonaparte, Lucien= (great-uncle of _N._), condition, i. 40;

affection for his family, 65;

illness of, 79, 84-89;

political opinions, 115;

death, 161.

=Buonaparte, Lucien= (brother of _N._), birth, i. 33;

goes to Autun, 43;

relations with _N._, 55, 89, 115;

advancement for, 57;

at Brienne, 81;

turns toward the priesthood, 81;

leaves Brienne, 88, 115;

efforts to enter at Aix, 96;

memoirs of _N._, 97, 98, 207, 316-319; ii. 265;

independence of, i. 140;

radical leader at Ajaccio, 184;

letter to Costa, 187;

in diplomatic service, 197;

denounces Paoli, 197;

at Toulon, 207;

appropriates _N.'s_ birth certificate, 208;

in commissary department, 208, 225;

"the little Robespierre," 238;

marriage, 254;

deprived of employment, 284;

destitution of, 288, 289;

imprisoned at Aix, 291;

liberated, 309;

foments quarrels in Italy, ii. 87;

political and social preferment, 95;

member and president of the Five Hundred, 97, 105, 114-118;

on the 19th Brumaire, 115-118;

makes a dramatic scene at St. Cloud, 116;

summons Bonapartist members of the Five Hundred to meet, 118;

harangues the mutilated chambers, 123;

minister of the interior, 131;

suggests plebiscite on the question of life consulship, 245;

declines to marry the queen of Etruria, 257;

exiled, 257;

second marriage, 257;

democracy of, 257;

in literary society, 257;

at summit of his career, 257;

French minister to Madrid, 257;

dispute between _N._ and Joseph concerning marriage of, 308;

the savior of _N.'s_ fortunes on the 18th Brumaire, 315;

the right of imperial succession in his family, 322;

created an imperial prince, 322;

at Rome during _N.'s_ coronation, 342;

proposal that he take the crown of Etruria, iii. 129;

opposes hereditary consulate for _N._, 129;

residence at Rome, 129;

marries Mme. de Jauberthon, 129;

refuses kingly honors, 129, 130;

refuses to divorce his wife, 129, 130;

character, 129, 135;

interview with _N._ at Mantua, 129, 130;

sails to the United States, 277;

captured by the English, 277;

Mme. de Staels complaint of _N._ to, 298, 299;

fosters revolution in Rome, iv. 144;

assigned to the House of Peers, 160;

member of the council of state, 169;

advises a dictatorship after Waterloo, 217;

endeavors to solve the difficulties after Waterloo, 217;

_N._ dictates his abdication to, 218.

=Buonaparte, Maria-Anna= (sister of _N._), i. 33.

=Buonaparte, Marie-Anne-Elisa= (sister of _N._), birth, i. 33;

educated at Saint-Cyr, 55, 60, 62, 71;

defective education, 71, 182;

_N._ visits at St. Cyr, 176;

quits St. Cyr and returns to Corsica, 182, 184;

at Nice, 244;

suitor for, 291;

marriage to Felice Bacciocchi, 322;

ii. 258;

acquires Massa-e-Carrara and Garfagnana, 395;

created Grand Duchess of Tuscany and Princess of Lucca and

Piombino, iii. 279.

_See also_ =Bacciocchi, Princess=.

=Buonaparte, Nabulione=, i. 33, 36;

forms of the name, 38, 39.

=Buonaparte, Napoleon=.

_See_ =Napoleon=.

=Buonaparte, Napoleon Louis Charles= (nephew of _N._, son of Louis),

_N.'s_ partiality for, ii. 282; iii. 269;

proposal to create him king of Italy, ii. 352;

death of, iii. 52, 160, 269.

=Buonaparte, Pauline= (sister of _N._), birth of, i. 33;

at Nice, 244;

suitor for, 291;

flirtation with Freron, 322;

marries Gen. Leclerc, ii. 236;

marries Prince Borghese, 258;

acquires Guastalla, 395;

adviser to Maria Louisa, iii. 257;

created Duchess of Guastalla, 279.

_See also_ =Leclerc, Mme.=; =Borghese Princess=.

=Buonaparte family, the=, i. 8, 20-34;

ennobling and coat armor of, 28;

vicissitudes of fortune, 35, 58, 63, 65, 80, 83-90, 96, 114, 115,

134, 161, 164, 184, 185, 205, 215, 236, 284, 288, 291, 322;

_N._ regards himself as head of, 88, 161, 211, 309, 322;

claim against the government, 89, 115;

the "infamy" of, 97;

Salicetti's influence over, 116;

influence in Corsica, 139, 202;

_N.'s_ devotion to, 140, 161, 244;

outburst against, in Ajaccio, 205;

driven from their estates, 205;

leave Corsica for Toulon, 208;

residence in Toulon, 208, 212;

flight to Marseilles, 212;

driven from Toulon, 216;

social diplomacy of, 262;

news of _N.'s_ return from Egypt brought to, ii. 83;

political preferment among members of, 95;

meeting to consider the hereditary consulship, 244;

the women of, 258;

domestic life, 279;

relations with the First Consul, 279;

social triumph of, iii. 93;

urge divorce from Josephine, 125;

allotment of crowns among, 133, 139;

consolidation of Italy under, 167;

agree on the Austrian marriage, 254;

arrogance of its members, 270, 278;

fraternal instincts, 322;

Austrian discovery of their royal descent, iv. 44;

proscribed, 223;

France again under, 233.

=Burgau=, ceded to Bavaria, ii. 391.

=Burgos=, Murat assumes command at, iii. 134;

Ferdinand VII at, 143;

siege and fall of, 183, 185;

French movement toward, 185;

failure of Marmont to capture, 290.

=Burgundy=, _N._ visits, i. 146.

=Burke, Edmund=, influence of his oratory, i. 195;

on Malmesbury's mission to Paris, 449.

=Burrard, Gen. H.=, defeats Wellesley's plans at Vimeiro, iii. 157;

retired from active service, 186.

=Busaco=, battle of, iii, 284, 285;

the _cantiniere_ of, 291.

=Buttafuoco, Matteo=, treachery of, i. 17, 22;

invites Rousseau to Corsica, 19;

relations with Choiseul, 21;

represents Corsica at Versailles, 115;

attitude toward Corsican patriots, 117;

popular hatred of, 121, 133, 135;

succeeded by Salicetti, 133, 136;

_N.'s_ diatribe against, 133, 136;

_N.'s_ "Letters" to, 145;

his marriage condemned by _N._, 311.

=Buxhoewden, Gen.=, advance of Russian troops under, ii. 367;

joins Kutusoff at Wischau, 379.

=Bylandt, Count de=, advises Holland to defy France, iii. 271;

in battle of Waterloo, iv. 201.

C

=Cabanis=, influence on the Consulate, ii. 195.

=Cabarrus, Jeanne M. I. T.=, i. 315.

_See also_ =Fontenaye, Mme. de=; =Tallien, Mme.=

=Cadiz=, Nelson loses an eye at, ii. 62;

Villeneuve makes for, 359, 371;

Collingwood blockades, 371;

Nelson's fleet off, 373;

threatened invasion by England, iii. 133, 155;

seizure of a French fleet at, 155;

Soult before, 286, 289;

Soult abandons, 290;

becomes the capital of the nationalists, 290.

=Cadore=, creation of hereditary duchy of, ii. 395;

Champagny created Duke of, iii. 87.

_See_ =Champagny=.

=Cadoudal, Georges=, complaints of England's harboring of, ii. 271;

conspiracy to seize _N._, 297 et seq.;

leader of the Chouans, 297;

arrest and execution, 299, 303;

_N.'s_ clemency toward his co-conspirators, 328;

funeral mass celebrated for, iv. 146.

=Caesar, Augustus=, _N._ likened to, iii. 43.

=Caesar, Julius=, _N.'s_ study of and admiration for, resemblances

between _N._ and, i. 161, 395, 423;

ii. 147, 158, 159, 230;

iii. 319; iv. 130, 232, 266;

_N._ disclaims the role of, ii. 112, 117;

his work for civilization, 157; iii. 319.

=Caffarelli, Gen.=, bearer of _N.'s_ letter to Pius VII, ii. 339;

in battle of Austerlitz, 387.

=Cagliari=, expedition against, i. 191.

=Cahors=, birthplace of Murat, ii. 195.

"=Caia=," and "=Caius=," ii. 329.

"=Ca Ira=," i. 244, 266.

=Cairo=, military operations at, i. 352;

ii. 60;

Magallon consul at, 47;

the march from Alexandria to, 59;

capture of, 61;

failure of the promised plunder at, 61;

fortification of, 67;

_N._ at, 69, 76;

retreat of the army from Acre to, 75;

_N.'s_ "triumphal" return to, 76;

surrender of, 211.

=Calahorra=, the Spanish forces near, iii. 184, 185.

=Calais=, parallel between Magdeburg and, iii. 62.

=Calder, Adm. Sir Robert=, encounters Villeneuve off Cape

Finisterre, ii. 359;

reinforces blockade of Brest, 359;

encounter with Villeneuve, 371.

=Caldiero=, occupied by Alvinczy, i. 388;

Alvinczy retreats from, 390.

=Calendar, the Republican=, i. 248.

=Calonne, C. A. de=, taxation problems of, i. 105.

=Calotte=, the constitution of the, i. 94.

=Calvi=, French influence and power in, i. 116, 207;

the Buonapartes seek asylum in, 205;

_N._ at, 205;

imprisonment of Corsicans in, 252;

English capture of, 261.

=Cambaceres, J. J. R.=, dreads a new Terror, ii. 93;

appointed consul, 130;

minister of justice, 130;

organizer of the Code Napoleon, 222, 226;

scheme for reform of the tribunate, 242;

suggests plebiscite on question of life consulship, 244;

Chancellor of France, 323;

at _N.'s_ coronation, 342;

demurs to action against the Duc d'Enghien, 304;

created Duke of Parma, iii. 86;

salary, 96;

arch-chancellor, 96;

on _N.'s_ appearance after the treaty of Schoenbrunn, 245;

member of extraordinary council on _N.'s_ second marriage, 253;

member of the Empress-Regent's council, iv. 106;

character, 106;

member of _N.'s_ new cabinet, 159.

=Cambronne, Gen. P. J. E.=, aids in _N.'s_ escape from Elba, iv. 153;

in battle of Waterloo, 209.

=Campan, Mme.=, appointment in the imperial court, ii. 324.

=Campbell, Sir Neil=, British commissioner at Fontainebleau, iv. 134;

_N.'s_ relations with, 134, 142, 150;

accompanies _N._ to Elba, 140;

ambassador to _N.'s_ court at Elba, 144;

leaves Elba for Florence, 150, 153.

=Camperdown=, battle of, ii. 38.

=Campo Formio=, treaty of, i. 456;

ii. 18-22, 24, 31, 37, 42, 145, 148, 187;

iii. 329.

=Canada=, lost to France, i. 17, 22.

=Canals=, Bonaparte's scheme of, ii, 279.

=Canino, Prince of=.

_See_ =Buonaparte, Lucien=.

=Cannes=, _N.'s_ march through, on return from Elba, iv. 153, 154.

=Canning, George=, denounces _N._, ii, 144;

foreign secretary in Portland cabinet, iii. 69;

responsibility for the bombardment of Copenhagen, 70, 97;

despatches the fleet to the Baltic, 98;

demands the secret articles of Tilsit, 98;

fall of, 272;

policy of action against _N._, 284;

enforces Orders in Council, 378.

=Canonical institution=, the question of, iv. 390.

=Canova, Antonio=, makes statue of Empress Maria Louisa, iii. 300.

=Cantonal assemblies=, ii. 247.

=Cape of Good Hope=, taken by England from the Dutch, ii. 12, 38;

ceded to the Batavian Republic by treaty of Amiens, 233;

England's rights in, 262;

_N.'s_ ambitions concerning, 289; iii. 308.

=Cape St. Vincent=, battle of, i. 456; ii. 62.

=Cape Verd Islands=, proposition to deport _N._ to, iv. 145.

=Caprera=, expedition against, i. 192.

=Caprino=, battle at, i. 412, 413.

"=Captain=," Nelson's ship in battle of Cape St. Vincent, ii, 62.

=Capuchins=, attempt to oust them from Corsican domains, i. 168.

=Caraccioli, Adm. F. C.=, execution of, ii. 300.

=Cardinals, the College of=, transplanted to France, iii. 258, 263.

=Carinthia=, _N._ in, i. 434;

revolutionary sentiment in, ii. 42;

part of, ceded to France, iii. 239.

=Carinthian Mountains=, pursuit of Archduke John across the, iii. 212.

=Carlsbad=, Talleyrand at, iv. 224.

"=Carmagnole=," the, i. 244, 266.

=Carniola=, Charles guards road into, i. 432;

ceded to France, iii. 239.

=Carnot, Lazare N. M.=, minister of war, i. 233, 279;

favors _N._, 299, 320;

reorganizes the French army, 240, 325, 332, 333, 379;

military policy of, 249;

removal of, 279;

escape of, 285; ii. 8, 27;

member of the Directory, i. 186, 330-333;

character, 330-333;

at battle of Maubeuge, 332;

plans the Italian campaign (1795), 346;

_N.'s_ correspondence with, May, 1796, 364;

advises restoring the Milanese to Austria, 451;

relations with _N._, ii. 8;

desire for peace with Austria, 19;

Barras derides his suggestions, 19;

writes a justificatory pamphlet, 91;

development of his conscription scheme, 93;

reappointed minister of war, 130, 153;

influence on the fall of the Directory, 130;

military genius, 153;

detaches Lecourbe's force from Moreau's army, 168;

possible successor to _N._, 186;

influence on the Consulate, 195;

member of the tribunate, 243;

remonstrates against adulation of _N._, 295;

opposes the creation of the Empire, 321;

pensioned, iii. 297;

commissioned to write on fortification, 297;

invited to join in insurrection, iv. 149;

member of _N.'s_ new cabinet, 159;

advises a dictatorship for France after Waterloo, 217;

member of the new Directory, 218.

=Caroline, Queen of Naples=, iii. 124;

on Maria Louisa's imprisonment at Schoenbrunn, iv. 143.

=Carpentras=, lost to the Pope at peace of Tolentino, ii. 326.

=Carrier, J. B.=, crimes of, i. 234;

opposes Robespierre, 251.

=Carrion-Nisas, A. H.=, "Peter the Great," ii. 350.

=Cartagena=, Villeneuve ordered to, ii. 371;

rebellion in, iii. 154.

=Carteaux, Gen.=, seizes Valence, i. 214;

besieges Avignon, 214;

takes Marseilles, 220;

captures Ollioules, 225;

besieges Toulon, 224, 225;

ignorance of military affairs, 227;

removed from command, 228.

=Cassel=, Bluecher's military movements in, ii. 427;

restored to its former ruler, iv. 40.

=Castanos, Gen. F. X. de=, causes Dupont's surrender at Baylen, iii. 156;

position on the Ebro, 184, 185;

concerted French movement against, 185;

collects his troops at Siguenza, 185.

=Casteggio=, battle of, ii. 176.

=Castellane=, journal of, iii. 361.

=Castelnuovo=, disarmament of, i. 442.

=Castiglione=, battle of, i. 382; ii. 140;

Augereau's victory at, 323;

celebration of the battle of, 228;

Augereau created Duke of, iii. 86.

_See also_ =Augereau=.

=Castile=, French occupation of, iii. 286;

weakness of French forces in, 289;

reinforcements for Massena ordered from, 289.

=Castlereagh, Lord=, secretary for war in Portland cabinet, iii. 69;

policy of action and bitterness against _N._, 284; iv. 145, 162;

prime minister of England, iii. 328;

inspires action by Bernadotte, 350;

becomes foreign secretary, 378, 417, 422;

dissatisfied with the Frankfort terms, iv. 42;

character, 42, 67;

at headquarters of the allies at Basel, 66;

influence in European councils, 67, 68;

under Metternich's influence, 68;

uneasiness at _N.'s_ message to Francis, 75;

on the European policy of 1814, 89;

protests against the use of the imperial style by _N._, 133;

negotiates secret treaty between England, Austria, and France, 145;

protests to Talleyrand against violation of treaty obligations, 153;

retires from Congress of Vienna, 173;

letter from Lord Liverpool, June 20, 1815, 224.

=Catalonia=, French occupation of, iii. 156;

Duhesme evacuates, 157;

military government of, 279;

French possession of, 377.

=Catharine of Wuertemberg=, marries Jerome Bonaparte, ii. 399;

iii. 93, 94.

=Cathcart, Gen. W. S.=, besieges Copenhagen, iii. 70;

heads English embassy to Russia, 351;

influences the armistice of Poischwitz, 417;

English minister at St. Petersburg, 417;

at Congress of Prague, 423.

=Catherine II=, policy of, i. 22; iii. 51, 309;

death of, i. 425, 452;

_N._ shatters a gift of, ii. 20;

_N.'s_ admiration for, 347;

share in partition of Poland, iii. 309;

her life and work, iv. 251.

=Catherine, Grand Duchess= (of Russia), mentioned for marriage

with _N._, iii. 180, 181;

marries the Duke of Oldenburg, 181, 278, 310.

=Catholic emancipation=, the question of, ii. 208.

=Cato=, statue at the Tuileries, ii. 147.

=Cattaro=, Alexander I's scheme for acquiring, ii. 356;

Russian occupation of, 405;

compensation for, iii. 56.

=Caulaincourt, A. A. L. de=, leads expedition to Offenburg, ii. 304;

Master of the Horse, 324, 425;

relations with _N._, 425; iii. 107; iv. 87, 105, 115, 134, 159;

conducts negotiations with Russia, iii. 87, 107-110, 113, 116-118,

165, 168, 169, 244, 310, 315, 318, 408-411;

connection with the d'Enghien murder, iii. 107;

_N.'s_ instructions to, 115;

discusses partition of Turkey, 116;

explains Bernadotte's dilatoriness, 117;

reproved by _N._, 165;

friendship with the Czar, 165, 168;

ordered to ventilate the divorce question, 181;

conducts _N.'s_ matrimonial negotiations in Russia, 247, 248;

explains the Austrian marriage to Alexander, 255;

recalled, 318, 326;

knowledge of Russia, 325, 326;

French commissioner at Poischwitz, 414;

at Congress of Prague, 423;

letter from Metternich, November, 1813, iv. 42, 45;

Minister of Foreign Affairs, 42;

letter to Metternich, Dec. 2, 1813, 46;

conducts negotiations at Chatillon, 67-71, 74, 78, 87;

demands authority to treat after La Rothiere, 69, 70;

blamed for not saving his country at Chatillon, 70;

letter from Maret, 87;

at council at St. Dizier, 103;

seeks peace at any price, 103;

seeks audience with Alexander, 116, 117;

at the abdication scene, 121, 122;

on commission to present abdication to Alexander, 124, 125, 126;

urges the regency, 126;

transfers his allegiance, 129;

_N.'s_ declaration to, concerning his generals, 128;

memoirs of, 130;

records _N.'s_ first attempt at suicide, 130;

member of _N.'s_ new cabinet, 159;

member of the new Directory, 218.

=Cautillon=, attempt to assassinate Wellington, iv. 234;

_N.'s_ bequest to, 234.

=Cavallos=, defends Ferdinand's position, iii. 143.

=Cavalry=, _N.'s_ views on, and use of, i. 59; ii. 178.

=Cayenne=, wholesale deportations to, ii. 8.

=Celibacy=, _N._ on, i. 138.

=Ceracchi=, charged with conspiracy, ii. 235;

execution of, 241.

=Ceraino=, military operations near, i. 412.

=Cerbeau, Du=, i. 143.

=Cervoni=, i. 220, 233.

=Ceva=, battle of, i. 352-335.

=Ceylon=, retained by England, ii. 211, 262;

France guarantees its return to Holland, 289.

=Chaboulon, Fleury de=, sent to Naples, iv. 152;

reveals the state of France to _N._, 152.

=Chabran, Gen.=, forces in Savoy, ii. 169;

crosses the Little St. Bernard, 171.

=Chabrol=, imperial prefect, iv. 106.

=Chaillot=, suspected plot of royalists at, ii. 303.

=Chalons=, _N._ leaves Paris for, iv. 53;

French concentration at, 58;

_N._ reaches, 58;

_N._ plans pursuing Bluecher to, 65;

Bluecher collects his army at, 73;

_N._ plans to attack Schwarzenberg at, 77;

Marmont ordered to, 91, 93;

the allies open new communications via, 97.

=Cham=, Archduke Charles makes a stand at, iii. 210, 216.

=Chamartin=, the French troops at, iii. 187, 189.

=Chambers of Commerce=, establishment of, ii. 220.

=Chambery=, _N._ at, ii. 27, 30;

reinforcements for Augereau at, iv. 94.

=Champagny, L. A.=, created Duke of Cadore, iii. 87;

appointed Minister of External Relations, 96, 132;

plenipotentiary at Altenburg, 238, 239;

succeeded in the Foreign Office by Maret, 318;

mission to Francis at Dijon, iv. 128.

=Champaubert=, battle of, iv. 63, 66.

=Championnet, Gen.=, overthrows the Neapolitan throne, ii. 87;

disgraceful conduct at Naples, 92.

=Channel tunnel=, the, ii. 290.

"=Chant du Depart=," the, iv. 118.

=Chaptal, J. A.=, member of the council of state, ii. 152.

=Chardon, Abbe=, on _N.'s_ boyhood, i. 45.

=Charenton=, Marmont and Mortier driven back to, iv. 99.

=Charette=, institutes royalist retaliation on republican

prisoners, i. 277.

=Charleroi=, military operations near, iv. 171, 173-177, 179, 180,

196, 208;

_N._ at, 175, 177, 211, 239.

=Charles, Archduke=, defeats Jourdan, i. 385;

defeated by Moreau, 385;

campaign in the Tyrol, 425, 428;

ordered into Friuli, 426, 430;

military genius, 426; iii. 215;

guards Carniola, i. 432;

battle on the Tagliamento, 432;

on the river Mur, 434;

cut off from succor, 436;

letter from _N._, 435;

defeats Jourdan at Ostrach and Stockach, ii. 88;

effect of his successes, 89;

defeats Massena at Zuerich, 93;

defeated by Massena at Zuerich, 141;

withdraws temporarily from service, 160;

resumes command after Hohenlinden, 192, 358;

commanding Austrian army in Italy, 363;

reaches Marburg, 367;

position on the Adige, 367;

commanding Austrian troops from Italy, 380;

the throne of Spain offered to, iii. 166;

reorganizes the Austrian army, 198;

declares war against France, 199;

to operate in Bohemia, 199;

plans to rouse the German people, 199;

procrastinates, 199;

offensive movement in the Danube valley, 204;

_N.'s_ plan for meeting, 203;

mistakes in the campaign of Eckmuehl, 204-207;

crosses the Isar, 205;

a lost opportunity, 204;

plan of offense, 205;

marches against Davout, 205;

marches on Ratisbon, 205, 208;

force at Ludmannsdorf and Rohr, 207;

force at Moosburg, 207;

retires to Ratisbon, 209;

in battle of Eckmuehl, 209;

retires before Davout, 209;

_N.'s_ reasons for not pursuing after Eckmuehl, 210;

crosses the Danube, 210;

makes a stand at Cham, 210, 216;

sues for peace, 211, 216;

junction with Hiller at Bisamberg, 212, 216;

seizes Ratisbon, 216;

at Budweis, 216;

indecision of, 216;

his line on the Danube, 216;

advance toward Wagram, 218;

attempts to break _N.'s_ bridges, 219;

in battles of Aspern and Essling, 219-223;

conduct after Aspern, 223-225;

seeks the offices of diplomacy, 224;

battle of Wagram, 226-232;

withdraws toward Znaim, 230;

orders Archduke John to attack, 230;

pursued by _N._ and Marmont, 235;

asks an armistice, 235;

quarrels with the Emperor and John, 235;

resigns his command, 235;

at marriage of Maria Louisa, 256.

=Charles Emmanuel=, succeeds Victor Amadeus, i. 356;

retires to Sardinia, ii. 39, 87, 141.

=Charles Emmanuel IV=, invited by Russia to return to Turin, ii. 141.

=Charles Ludwig Frederic, of Baden=, marries Stephanie Napoleone,

ii. 399.

=Charles the Great=, his work for civilization, ii. 157;

_N.'s_ emulation of, 157; iii. 304, 306;

French longings for a modern, ii. 214;

restoring the empire of, 233;

reversion to state and titles of the reign of, 323;

coronation of, 325;

gift to the Papacy, 346;

his system of "marches," iii. 55;

_N._ resumes the grant of, 118;

magnificence of his empire, 131;

Spanish territory of, 133, 134;

his donation to Hadrian I revoked by _N._, 215;

his ideal, 319;

_N._ compared with, 319; iv. 292;

the second, iii. 330;

imitation of his times, iv. 165;

influence on Europe, 292.

=Charles IV= (of Spain), attachment to Godoy, ii. 204;

king of Spain, 289;

subserviency to France, and relations with _N._, iii. 71, 126-128, 141;

conspires against his son's succession, 71;

unites with _N._ in coercing Portugal, 119;

scheme to acquire Portugal, 120;

character, 124;

announces his son's conspiracy, 127;

blames the French minister at Madrid, 127;

correspondence with _N._, 128, 131, 133;

pardons Ferdinand, 127;

proposes to cut off Ferdinand's succession, 127;

_N._ reveals his policy to, 133;

panic-stricken at the French invasion, 133;

deposes Godoy, 135;

last days of his kingdom, 135;

abdicates, 136;

repudiates his abdication, 138, 145;

seeks Murat's protection, 138;

virtual prisoner in the Escorial, 142;

deposed, 144-148;

summoned to Bayonne, 145;

refuses Ferdinand's offer to surrender the crown, 145;

pensioned, 147;

restrains Gen. Solano's movements, 149;

at Compiegne, 148;

goes to Marseilles, 149;

weakness of, 150;

goes to Italy, 149.

=Charles V=, magnificence of his empire, iii. 131.

=Charles X.=

_See_ =Artois, Count of=.

=Charles XII of Sweden=, military despotism of, ii. 118.

=Charles XIII=, king of Sweden, ii. 416;

succeeds Gustavus IV, iii. 280;

makes Bernadette his successor, 280;

under _N.'s_ protection, 280;

feebleness of his rule, 317.

=Charters=, destruction of feudal, i. 109, 110.

=Chartres=, flight of the Empress and Joseph through, iv. 111.

=Chartres, Duc de= (Louis Philippe), scheme to place him on the

French throne, iv. 148.

=Chateaubriand, F. A.=, friendship with Mme. Bacciocchi, ii. 258;

literary works, 259;

envoy to Valais, 260;

a disciple of Rousseau, 259;

envoy to Rome, 260;

supposed sponsor for the Concordat, 260;

influence, 260;

his name omitted from the honor list of 1810, iii. 300;

on the new constitution, iv. 160.

=Chateau-Thierry=, French occupation of, iv. 63;

Bluecher's retreat through, and sack of, 63, 64;

Macdonald's failure at, 72;

military movements near, 94.

=Chatelet=, military operations near, iv. 174, 177, 179.

=Chatham, Earl of=, compared with Carnot, i. 331;

policy toward France, ii. 208.

=Chatillon, Congress of=, iv. 68-75, 79, 87, 88;

Caulaincourt's carte blanche at, 69, 70, 88;

rumored preliminaries of peace at, 73;

sends ultimatum to _N._, 74, 76;

closes, 76;

capture of some of the diplomats of, 95.

=Chaumont=, surrenders to one Wuertemberg horseman, iv. 51;

treaty of, 76, 164;

military operations near, 90.

=Chemnitz=, the Saxon army at, ii. 424;

contemplated movements at, iv. 23.

=Chenier, Andre=, ii. 350.

=Chenier, M. J.=, driven from the tribunate, ii. 243;

"Cyrus," 350;

suppresses his writings, iii. 88;

rewards for his literary work, 297;

opposes the empire, 300;

made inspector-general of the university, 301.

=Cheops, Pyramid of=, _N._, in the, ii. 66.

=Cherasco=, capture of, i. 354, 355.

=Chevreuse, Mme. de=, pert remark to _N._, and banishment, iii. 94.

=Chimay, Princess de=, i. 315.

_See also_ =Tallien, Mme.=

=China=, _N.'s_ attention turned toward, i. 78.

=Chiusa Veneta=, capture of fort at, i, 433.

=Choiseul, C. A. G.=, refuses protectorate to Corsica, i. 16;

his policy toward Corsica, 20-22;

disgrace of, 43;

_N.'s_ hatred for, 50;

scheme of Egyptian conquest, ii. 46.

=Chouans, the=, rebellion of, i. 277, 325, 449;

legislation against, ii. 94;

the Cadoudal conspiracy, 297 et seq.

=Christian VII=, imbecility of, iii. 70.

=Christianity=, _N.'s_ confusion of ideas concerning, i. 76, 77.

=Church, the=, _N.'s_ attitude toward, and relations with, i. 76,

77, 146, 147, 264; ii. 159, 173, 205, 206, 215, 246, 258, 265,

398, 407; iii. 68, 69, 85, 89, 118, 119, 154, 190, 215, 242,

243, 249, 258, 259, 262-264, 305, 306, 315, 377, 390;

demands for reform of, in Corsica, i. 116, 117;

enforced contributions by, at Ajaccio, 127;

attitude of the French governments toward, and relations with

the nation, 244; ii. 91, 131, 216, 258, 325 et seq.;

_N.'s_ study of the Gallican, i. 150;

reorganization of its property, 152;

changes in, 162;

sequestration of lands of, 161, 268, 269;

Louis XVI's support of, 268;

_N.'s_ speculation in sequestered lands of, 288;

plotting in, 297;

question of allegiance of the clergy, 401;

relation to education, ii. 226-228;

influence in Austria and Germany, 264;

reconstruction in France, 318;

scheme for unity of, in Germany, 402;

archbishops created counts, iii. 87;

degradation in Spain, 123;

pillaged in Spain, 158;

repressed in the Tyrol, 201;

the bishops' court pronounces _N.'s_ first marriage null, 253;

attitude toward _N.'s_ second marriage, 258, 259;

the College of Cardinals transplanted from Rome to Paris, 258, 264.

=Cicero=, statue at the Tuileries, ii. 147.

=Cintra=, Junot surrenders at, iii. 157, 159, 186.

=Cisalpine Republic, the=, formation of, ii. 10, 21;

pillage of, 38;

treaty with France, March, 1798, 38;

the Valtellina incorporated with, 40;

recognized by Prussia, 43;

dissolution of, 83;

picks a quarrel with Sardinia, 87;

reestablishment of, 173, 186, 231;

tribute levied on, 186;

question of a president for, 230;

English efforts to discredit France in, 264.

=Cispadane Republic, the=, i. 401, 402;

question of a constitution for, ii. 10.

=Citadella=, battle of, i. 388.

"=Citizen=," use of the term in France, ii. 194.

=Citizenship=, liberty, equality, and fraternity in, i. 110;

the primary duty of, 306.

=Ciudad Rodrigo=, Spanish defense of, iii. 284;

storming of, 290, 319.

=Civil Code=, introduced into Warsaw, iii. 67.

_See also_ =Code=.

=Civil liberty=, developed in inverse ratio to political liberty,

ii. 223.

"=Civism=," i. 170, 180, 315.

=Clacy=, captured by _N._, iv. 79.

=Clanship=, i. 10.

=Clarke, Gen.=, letter from _N._, Nov. 19, 1796, i. 399, 400;

at Montebello, 452;

meeting with _N._, 451;

mission to Vienna, 451;

French agent in treaty of Campo Formio, ii. 20;

recalled to Paris, 20, 23;

forbidden to enter Vienna, 42;

guardian to King Louis's widow, 233;

drives British ships from Tuscan harbors, 287;

created Duke of Feltre, iii. 86;

ordered to fortify the Spanish frontier, 126;

minister of war, iv. 106;

member of the Empress-Regent's council, 106, 108;

advises the flight of the Empress, 108;

prepares for defense of Paris, 109;

_N.'s_ rage at, 115.

=Clary, Eugenie Bernardine Desiree=, proposal to wed _N._ to,

i. 295, 312;

affianced to Duphot, ii. 39, 43;

marries Bernadotte, 43.

=Clergy, the=, position at outbreak of the revolution, i. 100, 101, 107;

attitude in Corsica, 115, 116;

_N.'s_ attitude toward, and relations with, 124, 146, 147, 422,

423; ii. 11;

revolution among the clergy of Dauphiny, i. 143, 152;

constitutional reforms for, 153;

upheaval among, 162;

attitude of the Directory toward, ii. 2, 36;

transported to Cayenne, 8;

Talleyrand a leader among, 33;

released from the Jacobin ban, 131;

abolition of celibacy of, 206;

conformists and nonconformists to the civil constitution, 205, 215;

a "consecrated constabulary," 217;

restoration to the ecclesiastical fold, 346;

encourage rebellion in Spain, iii. 154.

_See also_ =Church=; =Papacy=; =Pius VII=; =Rome=.

=Cleves=, Prussia's price for, ii. 266;

ceded to France, 390.

=Cleves and Berg=, the Grand Duchy of, ii. 404;

French garrison in, 404.

=Clichy Club, the=, ii. 3, 5, 7, 23.

=Coalition of 1813=, centrifugal forces in, iv. 55-58.

=Cobenzl, Count L.=, Austrian plenipotentiary at Campo Formio, ii. 20;

at Congress of Rastatt, 28;

negotiates with France after Marengo, 189;

on universal conquest, iii. 43.

=Coblentz=, headquarters of French royalists, ii. 121.

=Coburg=, military operations near, ii. 428.

=Cockburn, Adm. Sir George=, conveys _N._ to St. Helena, iv. 227, 230.

=Code Civil=, its contravention by Jewish legislation, iii. 76.

=Code Napoleon, the=, ii. 221-225; iv. 296;

introduced into Parma and Piacenza, ii. 354;

abolition of the law of entail and primogeniture, iii. 85;

_N.'s_ excuse for overruling, 85;

introduced into Holland, 277;

in Italy, iv. 40.

=Code of Commerce=, the, ii. 224; iii. 74.

=Code of Criminal Procedure, the=, iii. 224.

=Coignet, Private=, _N.'s_ friendly familiarity with, ii. 196.

=Coignet=, writes of the entry into Berlin, ii. 438;

on the march to Russia, iii. 326;

reports demoralization after Dresden, iv. 12.

=Coigny, Mlle. de=, married to Savary, ii. 412.

=Coimbra=, military movements near, iii. 285.

=Colborne, Sir J.=, in battle of Waterloo, iv. 209.

=Col di Tenda=, the French line at, ii. 160.

=College of Cardinals=, increased French representation in the, iii. 118.

=College of France, the=, ii. 226.

=Colli, Gen.=, commanding Piedmontese troops, i. 353, 354;

reinforcements for, defeated, 354.

=Collingwood, Adm. Cuthbert=, his knowledge of the enemy's

movements, ii. 370;

blockades Cadiz, 371;

at Trafalgar, 373.

=Cologne=, Macdonald entrusted with defense of, iv. 54.

=Colombier, Caroline du=, _N.'s_ first love, i. 77, 149.

=Colombier, Mme. du=, i. 75, 149.

=Colonization=, Talleyrand's views on, ii. 33.

=Colonna=, represents Corsica in the National Assembly, i. 117, 118;

member of the Directory of Corsica, 133.

=Colonna-Cesari=, leads Corsican expedition against Sardinia,

i. 192, 193.

=Column of Vendome=, erection of the, iii. 74.

=Comedie Francaise=, members accompany _N._ to Erfurt, iii. 174.

=Commerce=, condition of, at outbreak of the Revolution, i. 102;

influence on the social life of the world, ii. 46;

encouragement of, 220;

revived by the peace of Amiens, 236;

improved condition of, 259;

the scope of British, 270.

=Committee of Public Safety=, usurps supreme power, i. 207;

aided by Carnot, 223;

Corsicans denounced in, 252;

keeps _N._ under surveillance, 255, 256;

plans expedition against Rome, 261;

abolished, 279, 289;

the new, 291, 292, 297;

appoints _N._ on military commission, 292;

proposes to transfer _N._ to Constantinople, 297;

considers policy of excluding English goods from the Continent,

ii. 441;

difficulties with Mme. de Stael, iii. 297.

=Communal list, the=, ii. 126.

=Compiegne=, Spanish royal exiles at, iii. 148;

meeting of the Emperor with his Austrian bride at, 257, 258, 261, 268;

Bluecher besieges, iv. 84.

=Compignano, Countess of=.

_See_ =Buonaparte, Marie-Anne-Elisa=.

=Compulsory loans=, ii. 134.

=Compulsory military service=, i. 213.

=Concordat, the=, ii. 207, 215, 301, 326 et seq., 402; iv. 259, 294, 296;

service in honor of, ii. 215;

its effect in France, 216;

"the vaccine of religion," 216;

contempt of the Army of the Rhine for, 235;

the supposed sponsor for, 260;

effect in Germany, 264;

extension to Venice refused by Pius VII, iii. 68;

Venetia admitted to, 118;

undoing the work of, 119;

rupture of, 306.

=Concordat of Fontainebleau=, the, iii. 391, 392.

=Conde=, evacuation of, i. 222.

=Conde, the Great=, ii. 301.

=Conde, Prince of=, ii. 308.

=Condorcet, J. A. N. de C.=, believer in equality of the sexes, ii. 226.

=Conegliano=, creation of hereditary duchy of, ii. 396;

Moncey created Duke of, iii. 86.

_See also_ =Moncey=.

=Confederation of the Rhine, the=, organization of, ii. 401-406, 417;

Hesse-Cassel refused admission to, 442;

levies of troops for France in, iii. 21, 196, 203, 322, 387, 394;

recognized at Tilsit, 54;

Saxony united with, 56;

relations with France, 73, 74, 279, 382;

additions to, 239;

called to arms by Prussia, 398;

proposed abandonment of French protectorate over, 407;

proposed dissolution of, 415;

proposed dynastic independence for sovereigns of, 422;

purpose of the allies to free, iv. 21;

resolved into its elements, 40;

forced by allies to raise military contingents, 54.

=Confiscation=, opposition to the reintroduction of, ii. 242;

principle of punishment by, iii. 295, 296.

=Coni=, surrendered to France, i. 355.

=Connewitz=, military operations near, iv. 27, 28.

=Consalvi, Cardinal=, negotiates the Concordat, ii. 207;

memorialist of Pius VII, 347;

dismissed from the papal service, 397.

=Conscription, the=, i. 275, 379; ii. 87, 93, 248, 306, 362, 409,

422; iii. 3, 21, 24, 25, 76, 77, 126, 132, 198, 291, 323, 326,

386, 387, 390, 414; iv. 21, 47-51, 99, 165;

development of Carnot's scheme, ii. 93;

_N.'s_ influence on the laws of, 248;

how enforced, 306;

Jewish evasions of the, iii. 76;

Jews made subject to, 77.

=Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers=, founded, i. 281.

=Conservatory of Music=, reorganization of, i. 281.

=Constable=, creation of the office of, ii. 322.

=Constabulary=, abolition of the, i. 142.

=Constance, city of=, ceded to Baden, ii. 391.

=Constance, Lake=, the Austrian camp on, ii. 365.

=Constant=, _N.'s_ valet, iv. 134.

=Constant de Rebecque, Henri-Benjamin=, dreads a new Terror, ii. 94;

member of the tribunate, 151, 242;

driven from the tribunate, 243;

president of the council of state, iv. 159;

supports the chambers, 217.

=Constantine, Grand Duke=, in battle of Austerlitz, ii. 386, 387;

Bennigsen writes to, after Friedland, iii. 32;

leader of the peace party, 35;

at Tilsit, 52;

with the Army of the South, iv. 3.

=Constantine the Great=, _N._ likened to, ii. 329.

=Constantinople=, proposal to send _N._ to, i. 296;

_N.'s_ eye on, 423;

proposed mission for Talleyrand to, ii. 66;

Russia to aid in defense of, 73;

_N._ given leave to march on, 72, 73;

fleet sent to relief of Acre from, 73, 74;

Russian ambition to acquire, 356; iii. 28, 64, 108, 113;

a British fleet at, 20;

French influence at, 33, 99;

proposed disposition of, after Tilsit, 55;

revolution in, 162;

England threatens to bombard, 321.

=Constitutional checks=, i. 106.

=Constitution of 1799=, prohibition against First Consul's military

leadership, ii. 162.

=Consular Guard, the=, at Marengo, ii. 179, 180;

strengthening of, 277.

=Consulate=, proposed formation of a, ii. 102;

a disguised monarchy, iv. 287.

=Continental System, the=, ii. 288, 375, 400; iii. 98, 101, 160,

165, 197, 239, 249, 255, 262-281, 283, 287, 294, 303, 304, 310,

316, 323, 328-330, 377, 409, 420, 425; iv. 294;

England's policy against, iii. 100-102.

=Copenhagen=, battle of, ii. 209;

bombardment of, iii. 70, 97-100, 280.

=Coppet=, Mme. de Stael's residence at, ii. 411; iii. 298.

=Corday, Charlotte=, assassination of Marat, i. 234.

=Cordova=, French capture and abandonment of, iii. 156.

=Corfu=, _N._ proposes to seize, i. 447;

France's jealous care of, ii. 32;

Adm. Brueys ordered to, 62;

blockade of, 67;

Russian occupation of, 353, 356, 357, 405;

French occupation of, iii. 99, 109, 111;

English naval watch on, 111;

proposed expedition to Egypt from, 114.

=Corizier=, wounded at Acre, ii. 76.

=Corneille, Pierre=, _N.'s_ study of, iii. 173; iv. 231.

=Cornet=, starts the proceedings of the 18th Brumaire, ii. 103.

=Cornwallis, Lord Charles=, character, ii. 263;

negotiates the treaty of Amiens, 263.

=Cornwallis, Adm. William=, junction of Nelson and, before Brest,

ii. 359.

=Corona=, military operations at, i. 410, 414.

=Correggio, A. A.=, plunder of the works of, i. 369, 374.

=Corsica=, external relations, i. 8-16, 24, 26;

physical features and population, 8-16, 39, 263;

Rousseau's views on, 9, 19;

the Buonaparte family in, 8, 27 et seq.;

feudalism in, 9, 18;

Paoli's share in history of, 15 et seq., 117-125, 127, 130, 132,

196-198, 204-207;

national heroes and patriotism in, 14, 42, 115, 117;

Jews in, 16;

French schemes concerning, expeditions against, and occupations

of, 16-25, 79, 120, 122, 125, 154, 165, 201-208, 261, 342, 403,

421;

_N.'s_ love for, residences in, schemes concerning, and peculiar

relations to, 17-19, 50-53, 58, 81, 82, 87-92, 96, 112, 116,

117, 122-124, 133, 160-170, 183-187, 209-211, 233, 253, 254,

257, 340, 341; ii. 158, 250;

Montesquieu's views on, i. 19;

joins the Bourbon-Hapsburg alliance, 21;

ceded by Genoa to France, 22;

England's interests in, protectorate over, conquest and

abandonment of, 23, 119, 124, 196, 205-208, 256-262, 402, 421;

disaffection, riots, and rebellion in, 25, 42, 83, 111-122, 139,

147, 166-170, 198, 254, 403;

compared with Sardinia, 25;

_N.'s_ history of, 76, 86, 91-98;

introduction of silkworm culture into, 80;

the betrayal of, 98;

the Revolution in, 111-122;

scheme of liberation, 112 et seq.;

plan for elective council in, 114;

rival parties and classes, schemes and intrigues in, 114-122,

162, 163, 166, 169-170, 185, 190, 199-210;

desired reforms for, 116;

representation in the National Assembly, 116-122;

the council of twelve nobles in, 118;

Genoa's claims to, 120, 121, 126;

ecclesiastical and religious troubles, 128, 162, 168;

democracy in, 131;

meeting of the constituent assembly at Orezza, 131-134;

Bastia declared the capital, 134;

the National Guard in, 133, 139, 157-159, 185, 192;

_N._ leaves for Auxonne, 141;

_N._ mobbed in, 147;

customs in, 158;

_N._ leaves, 170;

expedition against Sardinia from, 189-193;

enforcement of the Convention's decrees in, 197;

Salicetti deserts the cause of, 201;

_N._ appointed inspector-general of artillery for, 202;

new commissioners sent to, 204;

the Buonapartes leave, 207;

success of revolt against the Convention, 216;

Convention commission for, 219;

_N.'s_ expedition against, 233, 256-258, 262;

employment of refugees from, 252;

Salicetti blamed for insurrection in, 254;

wretched internal plight, 260;

charges against refugees from, 263;

_N.'s_ last visit to, ii. 82.

=Corsican Feuillants, the=, i. 163.

=Corsican Jacobins, the=, i. 163.

=Corso, Cape=, Paoli's landing at, i. 125.

=Corte=, the town of, i. 15;

removal of seat of government from, 25;

Carlo Buonaparte at, 29-32;

a Paolist center, 116;

Joseph Buonaparte at, 161;

_N._ ordered to, 186, 203;

meeting between Paoli and _N._ at, 190;

_N._ a suspect at, 202.

=Corunna=, the junta of, iii. 158;

Moore's retreat to, and death at, 189;

England's tardiness at, 192.

=Cossacks=, military achievements of, iii. 9, 10, 13, 20;

harass the retreating French army, 362, 364;

relieve Hamburg, 402;

in battle of Leipsic, iv. 29;

in the campaign of 1814, 62;

advance to Nemours and Fontainebleau, 72;

at the battle of Laon, 79;

fears of, in Paris, 108.

=Costa=, letter from _N._ to, i. 186;

letter from Lucien to, 186.

=Council of Ancients=, the, i. 270.

=Council of Juniors=, the, i. 270.

=Council of State, the=, ii. 127, 149-152;

stripped of its supremacy, 247;

approves _N.'s_ action against the Duc d'Enghien, 305;

its functions, iii. 83.

="Count of Essex," the=, i. 86.

="Courier," the London=, publishes Spanish manifesto of _N._, iii. 283.

=Coustou, Abbe=, attends Carlo Buonaparte's death-bed, i. 64.

=Coxe's "Travels in Switzerland,"= _N.'s_ study of, i. 150.

=Cracow=, ceded to the grand duchy of Warsaw, iii. 239;

Schwarzenberg seeks shelter in, 393.

=Crance, Dubois de=, i. 223;

reorganization of the French armies by, 325;

organizes national conscription, 379.

=Craonne=, battle of, iv. 78.

=Crema=, withdrawal of the Austrians from Milan to, ii. 173.

=Croatia=, Austrian recruiting in, i. 386;

part of, ceded to France, iii. 239.

=Cromwell, Oliver=, _N._ disclaims the role of, ii. 112, 117;

the need of a second, in France, 119;

_N._ compared with, 230.

=Cronstadt=, Alexander fears for, iii. 98.

=Crosne=, Sieyes accepts the estate of, ii. 130.

=Crottendorf=, military operations near, iv. 28.

=Crusades, the=, ii. 46.

=Cuneo=, associated with _N._ in Corsica, i. 117.

=Custine, Gen. A. P.=, occupies Frankfort, i. 194;

defeat of, 194.

=Cyprus=, Sir Sidney Smith puts into, ii. 82.

="Cyrus,"= by Chenier, ii. 350.

=Czartoryski, A. G.=, memoirs of, ii. 356;

Russian minister of foreign affairs, 356;

on the Russian policy in 1805, 381;

friendship with Alexander I, ii. 445; iii. 309, 383;

on the hereditary disease of the Romanoffs, iii. 50;

retirement of, 309;

schemes in regard to restoration of Poland, 309, 315, 383;

transfers faith from Alexander to _N._, iii. 315.

=Czernicheff, Count=, aide-de-camp to Alexander I, iii. 329;

_N._ offers terms to, 329.

D

=Dagobert=, _N._ in the iron chair of, ii. 328.

=Dalberg, Archbishop=, scheme to unify the German Church, ii. 402;

Prince-Primate, 402;

at the Erfurt conference, iii. 171;

receives Ratisbon in exchange for Frankfort principality, 266;

his territory erected into a grand duchy for Eugene, 322;

estimate of _N.'s_ influence, 322;

characterization of Talleyrand, iv. 107;

at peace council in Paris, 114;

member of the executive commission, 114, 115;

attainted, 157.

=Dalmatia=, ceded to Austria at Leoben, i. 438;

alterations of boundaries near, ii. 21;

ceded by Austria to Italy, 391;

creation of hereditary duchy of, 395;

assigned by _N._ to Italy, 405;

_N._ offers to exchange, iii. 22;

French dominion recognized at Tilsit, 54;

Soult created duke of, 86 (_see also_ =Soult=);

French strength in, 113;

proposed surrender of, to Austria, iv. 407.

=Dalrymple, Sir H. W.=, retired from active service, iii. 186.

=Damascus=, garrison of El Arish ordered to, ii. 69;

reinforcements for Acre from, 71.

=Danican, Auguste=, royalist leader, i. 298;

the 13th Vendemiaire, 302.

=Danilevsky=, on the allies reaching Paris, iv. 110.

=Danton, G. J.=, becomes head of the Jacobin commune, i. 187;

member of the National Convention, 188;

dictator of France, 194;

overawes the Girondists, 234;

murder of, 250.

=Dantzic=, military movements near, iii. 7, 10, 13;

siege of, 12, 19;

surrender of, 22, 28;

freedom restored to, 56;

independence of, 73;

Lefebvre created Duke of, 86 (_see also_ =Lefebvre=);

Davout ordered to hold, 266;

French military stores in, 333;

Murat's position at, untenable, 385;

measures for the relief of, 393;

held by the French, 402;

Rapp commanding at, 402;

proposed new capital for Prussia, 409;

proposed division of the domain, 409;

proposed cession of, to Prussia, 415, 423.

=Danube River, the=, rebellion against Turkey on, ii. 48;

Kray retreats toward, 166;

proposed Indian expeditions via, 209;

military operations on, 363, 366, 367, 441; iii. 105, 113, 117,

163, 202-204, 206, 210, 212, 213, 216-221, 226, 227, 314;

Mack essays to cross at Guenzburg, ii. 366;

the French march from the Rhine to, 376;

annihilation of Mortier on, 378;

_N.'s_ line of retreat to, 425;

Russian successes on the lower, iii. 20;

_N._ plans redistribution of territories on, 50;

proposed Russian acquisitions on, 55;

topographical features, 217;

the crossing at Lobau, 217, 218, 221, 226, 227;

defeat of Russians by Turks on, 248;

Russia warned not to cross, 314;

Russian successes on, 320;

withdrawal of Russian troops from, 321;

effect of the rising of, at Essling, 383.

=Danubian Principalities=, proposed partition of, iii. 50;

Alexander's ambition to acquire, 105, 108, 116, 117;

_N._ offers to exchange them for Silesia, 106, 108, 112.

_See also_ =Moldavia=; =Wallachia=.

=Dardanelles, the=, Alexander I's scheme for seizing, ii. 356.

=Darmagnac, Gen.=, invades Navarre, iii. 132;

seizes Pamplona, 132.

=Darmstadt=, relations with Russia, ii. 266;

strengthening of, 266;

quota of men, 404.

=Daru, P. A. N.=, advises wintering in Moscow, iii. 352.

=Daunou, P. C. F.=, dreads a new Terror, ii. 94;

ideas of government, 127;

named as consul, 130;

member of the tribunate, 151;

influence on the Consulate, 195;

driven from the tribunate, 243;

attempt to admit him to the senate, 243;

upholds Machiavelli's theses concerning the Church of Rome, iii. 262.

=Dauphiny=, the peasantry of, i. 143;

_N._ travels in, 143;

revolutionary feeling among the clergy of, 143, 152;

anti-royalist feeling in, iv. 154.

=David, Abbe=, arrest of, ii. 296.

=David, Jacques L.=, painter, ii. 351.

=Davidowich, Gen. P.=, defeated at Roveredo, i. 384, 385;

strength in the Tyrol, 387;

defeats Vaubois, 387, 388, 392;

retreats to the Tyrol, 392.

=Davout, Gen. L. N.=, service in Egypt, ii. 53, 323;

service in the Army of England, 291;

created marshal, 323;

character, 364; iii. 93;

watches the Russian army, ii. 366;

in battle of Austerlitz, 380, 382, 386, 387;

at Nordhalben, 428;

at Naumburg, 429;

in battle of Jena, 430-434;

captures Wittenberg, 436;

sacks Poland, 440;

at Golynim, iii. 5;

strength in Poland, 7;

in the Eylau campaign, 13, 15-17;

in battle of Heilsberg, 29;

pursues Lestocq from Friedland, 31-33;

created Duke of Auerstaedt, 86;

income, 87;

_N.'s_ opinion of, 93;

recalled from Poland to Silesia, 165;

commanding in Saxony, 198;

Archduke Charles plans to attack, 198;

his command in the fifth Austrian war, 202;

forces in Stettin, Bayreuth, Hanover, and Magdeburg, 202;

to concentrate at Bamberg, 203;

commanding on the Isar, 204;

Archduke Charles marches against, 205;

to concentrate at Ingolstadt, 204-207;

movements before Ratisbon, 205;

on the Laber, 207;

in battle of Eckmuehl, 208;

forces back Archduke Charles, 208;

battles of Aspern and Essling, 220-222;

battle of Wagram, 230, 231;

ordered to hold Baltic positions, 266;

revenue of, 296;

occupies Swedish Pomerania, 321;

letter from _N._, 324;

strength, March, 1812, 324;

reproved for his reports of Prussia, 326;

slowness of action at opening of the Russian campaign, 336;

drives Bagration eastward, 338;

battle of Borodino, 344;

on the retreat from Moscow, 357-359, 363;

battle of Wiazma, 359;

at Krasnoi, 365;

division commander under Eugene, 393;

in campaign of 1813, 402;

occupies Hamburg, 407, 413;

Vandamme goes to his assistance, 413;

to threaten Berlin, iv. 2;

_N.'s_ instructions to, 5;

mediocrity of his troops, 20;

besieged in Hamburg, 55;

invited to join in insurrection, 149;

member of _N.'s_ new cabinet, 159;

advises _N._ after Waterloo, 217;

suggests _N.'s_ use of force, 218.

="Day of the Paris sections, the,"= i. 302-312.

=Debry, J. A. J.=, _N.'s_ friendship with, i. 293; ii. 88, 89;

member of Congress of Rastatt, 88;

wounded at Rastatt, 88, 89;

accusations against, 89.

=De Bussy=, in the La Fere regiment, iv. 78;

gives _N._ worthless information at Craonne, 78.

=Decadi=, decadence of the festival, ii. 258.

=Decres, Adm.=, French minister of marine, ii. 291;

letter from _N._, Sept. 13, 1805, 291;

warns _N._ against his career of conquest, iii. 325;

member of _N.'s_ new cabinet, iv. 159.

=Defermon, J.=, ii. 214.

=Dego=, battle of, i. 352, 353, 355; iv. 65.

=Deichsel River=, Bluecher retreats behind the, iv. 7.

=Delacroix=, French minister of foreign affairs, i. 449;

French agent in the Netherlands, ii. 38.

=Demagogues=, disgust with, in France, ii. 134.

=De Maistre=, _N._ refutes his theory of social order, iii. 89;

on the supineness of Pius VII, 264.

=Democracy=, a pure, i. 131, 397;

Germany's opposition to, 247;

its good and bad qualities, iv. 265.

=Denfort=, royalist intrigues of, iv. 107.

=Denmark=, joins the "armed neutrality," ii. 194; iii. 46, 66;

proposed commercial war against England, 55;

_N._ calls for alliance with, 66;

importance of her sea power, 69;

ordered to declare war against England, 69;

England offers to seize her fleet, 69;

refuses England's offer, 69;

yields to Bernadotte, 70;

losses of Norway, Schleswig, and Holstein, 70;

yields to England, 70;

humiliation of, 70;

vassalage to France, 70, 279;

England seeks to conciliate, 98;

bombardment of Copenhagen, 97-100, 280;

Alexander I demands reparation for, 100;

_N._ urges England's restoration of her fleet, 104;

Spanish troops in, 159;

seizure of American ships by, 275;

hostility to England, 280;

holds Norway, 280;

friendly to France, 281;

despatches troops to Hamburg, 407;

shifts her assistance from Russia to France, 407;

strengthening the alliance between France and, 421.

=Dennewitz=, battle of, iv. 18, 19.

=Denon, D. V.=, accompanies _N._ on his return from Alexandria, ii. 81.

=Departmental list, the=, ii. 126.

=De Pradt=, in charge of Polish affairs, iii. 375;

interview between _N._ and, at Warsaw, 375, 382;

royalist intrigues of, iv. 106, 108.

=Desaix, Louis-Charles-Antoine=, a product of Carnot's system, i. 332;

crosses the Rhine near Strasburg, 440;

defeats the Austrians in the Black Forest, 440;

service in Egypt, ii. 53, 60, 78, 81;

battle of the Pyramids, 60;

ordered to leave Egypt, 81, 177;

reaches Stradella, 177;

battle of Marengo, 176-186;

killed, 181, 187;

contrasted with Ney, iv. 213.

=Desenzano=, military operations near, i. 411.

=Desgenettes, Dr.=, heroism at Jaffa, ii. 75.

=Des Mazis=, _N.'s_ friendship for, i. 62, 65;

appointed to the regiment of La Fere, 66.

=Dessau=, captured by Lannes, ii. 436.

=Dessolles, Gen.=, ii. 164.

"=Destiny=," _N.'s_, i. 79.

=Deutsch-Wagram=, Archduke Charles advances to, iii. 218.

_See also_ =Wagram=.

=D'Hilliers, Gen.=, service in Egypt, ii. 53.

="Dialogue on Love,"= by _N._, i. 77, 145.

=Diderot, Denis=, co-author with Raynal, i. 75.

=Diebitsch, Gen. H. K. F. A.=, encounters a Prussian force, iii. 384;

military adviser to Alexander, iv. 98.

=Dieppe=, landing of the Cadoudal conspirators near, ii. 298.

=Diet, the=, reduction of Austria's power in, ii. 193.

=Digeon, Gen. A. E. M.=, seduced by Marmont, iv. 125.

=Digne=, _N.'s_ march through, on return from Elba, iv. 154.

=Dijon=, _N._ visits, i. 146;

formation of an army of reserve at, ii. 140;

surrenders to the allies, iv. 67;

Francis in, 113, 128.

=Diodorus Siculus=, _N.'s_ study of, i. 78.

=Diplomacy=, the language of, i. 21.

=Dippoldiswalde=, military movements near, iv. 11.

=Directory, the=, establishment of, i. 270, 305, 309, 329-331;

social life under, 280, 281;

Europe and, 324-338;

financial war policy, 340;

assumes to dictate military plans, 348, 354;

plans to belittle _N._, 363, 372;

entrusts _N._ with diplomatic powers, 364;

yields to _N.'s_ plans, 364, 373;

contributions sent to, 366, 367;

plans for campaign in Germany, 384;

attitude toward Italy, 397-405;

_N.'s_ relations with, 363-373, 397-405, 419, 422-427, 439, 441, 451;

ii. 7, 26, 30, 34-37, 42, 49-52, 67, 72, 80, 88-99, 108;

iv. 248, 249;

ratifies the treaty of Leoben, i. 441;

letters from _N._, April 19, 1792, 441;

May 27, 1797, 447;

Pitt's negotiations for peace with, 449;

refuses to treat with England, 450;

antagonism to the, ii. 2;

plot of Louis XVIII and Pichegru against, 5, 6, 7;

Moreau's relations with, 6;

gains complete control on the 18th of Fructidor, 8;

reliance on the army, 8;

effects of the 18th Fructidor on, 22;

attitude toward Italy and Venice, 23;

approves the treaty of Campo Formio, 24, 30;

relations with Talleyrand, 34;

members of, 35;

attitude toward emigrants, 36;

attitude toward clergy, 36, 41;

attitude toward royalists, 36, 205;

attitude toward the German ecclesiastical principalities, 41;

Eastern policy, 47;

Jacobinism in, 49, 94;

fails to secure alliance with Turkey, 67;

misunderstanding between the United Irishmen and, 67;

weakness, 68, 91;

desires the escape of the army in Egypt, 79;

reconstruction of, 83, 91, 92;

blunders in Italy, 87, 89;

corruption in, 91, 92;

Gohier president of, 97;

_N._ pays official visit to, on return from Egypt, 97;

relations with Moreau, 100;

last days and downfall, 103 et seq.; iv. 257, 258, 286;

Carnot's influence on its fall, ii. 130;

suppresses freedom of the press, 145;

incorporates Belgium with France, 153;

attitude toward Prussia, 155;

relations with Sieyes, 155;

liberty of conscience under the, 206;

suspends diplomatic relations with the United States, 212;

pretensions toward the United States, 211;

financial maladministration, 219;

recourse to forced contributions, 219;

plans for invading England, 290;

system of licenses for English goods, iii. 280;

difficulties with Mme. de Stael, 297;

organization of a new, iv. 218.

=Divine right=, kings by, ii. 407;

abolition of, in France, iv. 257.

=Divorce=, _N.'s_ share in codifying the law of, ii. 222;

under the Code, 224;

_N.'s_ advocacy of easy, 237.

=Dnieper River=, military operations on the, iii. 315, 336, 338,

339, 342, 364.

=Dniester River=, Turkish movements on the, ii. 441.

=Doctoroff, Gen.=, in battle of Austerlitz, ii. 388;

in battle of Eylau, iii. 15.

=Dole=, publications of _N.'s_ literary work at, i. 145.

=Dolgoruki, Prince=, mission from Alexander I to _N._, ii. 382.

=Dolgoruki, Princess=, on _N.'s_ receptions, ii. 196.

=Doelitz=, military operations near, iv. 29, 32.

=Domination=, the power of, iv. 248, 249.

=Domo d'Ossola=, Bethencourt near, ii. 172.

=Don, River=, proposed Indian expeditions via, ii. 209;

the Cossacks of the, iii. 13.

=Donaueschingen=, the Austrian headquarters at, ii. 160;

abandoned by Kray, 166.

=Donauwoerth=, military movements near, iii. 203;

_N._ reaches, 205.

=Donzelot, Gen F. X.=, in battle of Waterloo, iv. 201, 202, 203,

209, 210.

=Dora Baltea River=, Austrian force on the, ii. 170.

=Dora Ridaria River=, Austrian force on the, ii. 170.

=Dornburg=, military movements near, ii. 432, 434.

=Dorothea, Empress-Dowager of Russia=, disapproves _N.'s_ proposed

marriage to Anne, iii. 248;

hatred of _N._, 248.

=Douay=, _N._ ordered to, i. 79, 80.

=Doulaincourt=, _N._ at, iv. 105.

=Doulevant=, _N._ at, iv. 104.

=Doumerc, Gen. J. P.=, moves from Sezanne against Bluecher, iv. 62.

=Dover=, scheme of naval demonstration off, ii. 332.

=Drac, River=, iv. 155.

=Draft=, use of, in France, ii. 93.

=Drave, River=, military movements on the, i. 435; iii. 217.

=Dresden=, death of Moreau before, ii. 299;

_N._ at, iii. 65, 66, 67, 375, 389, 394, 409, 416, 417, 423;

iv. 7-10, 12, 13, 17-21;

Bernadotte to concentrate in, iii. 203;

Saxon troops in, 203;

_N.'s_ strategy at, 216;

seized by the Duke of Brunswick, 234;

meeting of the allied sovereigns at, 330;

the climax of the Napoleonic drama, 330; iv. 16;

_N.'s_ incognito journey through, iii. 375;

interview between _N._ and Metternich at, 389;

interview between _N._ and Frederick Augustus at, 394;

French forces at, 393;

Eugene to hold, 393-394;

welcomes Alexander and Frederick William III, 399;

discontent at military occupation, 399;

retreat of the allies behind, 406;

destruction and rebuilding of the bridges at, 406, 407;

French occupation of, 408, 409;

defense of, iv. 2, 13, 17, 18;

held by Saint-Cyr, 7;

French advance to Zittau from, 6;

menaced by the allies, 7;

battle of, 8-13, 17-19;

demoralization of the army after, 12;

_N.'s_ mistakes after, 14-16;

_N.'s_ physical ailments at, 12, 16;

_N.'s_ successes at, 20, 21;

Schwarzenberg moves on, 18;

Oudinot at, 21;

Bluecher advances on, 20;

boy soldiers at, 21;

_N.'s_ retreat from, 22-24;

_N.'s_ scheme to hold, 23;

Frederick's love for, 25;

French garrison in, 25-27;

Maret's influence over _N._ at, 69;

_N._ acknowledges his mistake in not making peace at, 135.

=Drissa=, weakness of, iii. 336;

Bagration establishes communication with, 336.

=Drouot, Gen. A.=, in battle of Austerlitz, ii. 387;

battle of Leipsic, iv. 28, 32;

advises a return to Lorraine, 116;

attachment to _N._, 118;

strength after the surrender of Paris, 118;

accompanies _N._ to Elba, 134;

advises against the escape from Elba, 153.

=Dueben=, _N._ at, iv. 25.

=Dubois, Gen.=, in battle of Waterloo, iv. 203.

=Duclos's "Memoirs of the Reigns of Louis XIV and Louis XV,"=

_N.'s_ study of, i. 150.

=Duero, River=, military movements on the, iii. 157, 159, 290.

=Dufresne=, ii. 214.

=Dugommier, Gen. J. F.=, appointed commander-in-chief before

Toulon, i. 229;

influence at Toulon, 232.

=Dugua, Gen. C. F. J.=, service in Egypt, ii. 53;

in battle of the Pyramids, 60.

=Duhesme, Gen. P. G.=, invades Spain, iii. 132;

at Barcelona, 132;

occupies Catalonia, 155, 156;

evacuates Catalonia, 157;

besieged in Barcelona, 183;

in battle of Waterloo, iv. 205.

=Dulaure's "History of the Nobility,"= _N.'s_ study of, i. 150.

=Dumanoir, Adm.=, at Trafalgar, ii. 374.

=Dumolard, J. V.=, interpellates the government as to _N.'s_

independence, ii. 3.

=Dumoulin, Jean=, comes to _N.'s_ aid at Laffray, iv. 156.

=Dumouriez, Charles F.=, takes part in the conquest of Corsica, i. 120;

on the northeastern frontier, 184;

wins battle of Jemmapes, 194;

defection of, 198;

correspondence with Nelson, ii. 303;

suspected of royalist plots, 303, 305.

=Duenaburg=, preparations for the siege of, iii. 333;

Ney advances toward, 336.

=Duncan, Adm. Adam=, wins the battle of Camperdown, ii. 38.

=Dunette, Gen.=, marches to relief of Paris, iv. 102.

=Dunkirk=, besieged by Duke of York, i. 222.

=Duphot, Gen. L.=, affianced to Desiree Clary, ii. 39, 43;

killed at Rome, 39.

=Dupont, Gen. Pierre=, in battle of Friedland, iii. 31;

ordered to invade Spain, 128;

invades Spain, 132;

advances on Andalusia, 156;

holds the Tagus, 156;

capitulates at Baylen, 156, 157, 159, 167.

=Durango=, Blake advances from, iii. 184.

=Duroc, Gen. G. C. M.=, wounded at Acre, ii. 76;

_N.'s_ aide-de-camp, 101;

_N.'s_ envoy to Prussia, 156, 282;

Grand Marshal of the Palace, 324;

offers Hanover to Prussia, 362;

personal attendance on _N._, 425;

proposes terms after Tilsit, iii. 36;

blamed for Queen Louisa's failure, 62;

proposes indemnity for Maria Louisa, 67;

created Duke of Friuli, 86;

at Bayonne, 144;

foresees France's discontent, 326;

killed at Reichenbach, 410-411;

_N.'s_ grief for, 411;

_N._ contributes to monument to, iv. 5;

_N._ proposes to take the name of, 221.

=Duerrenstein=, destruction of Mortier's division at, ii. 368, 378.

=Durutte, Gen. J. F.=, sent to Ligny, iv. 181;

battle of Waterloo, 201, 202, 205, 206, 210.

=Duesseldorf=, Jourdan's army at, i. 347;

Jourdan crosses the Rhine at, 385.

=Dutch Flanders=, ceded to France, i. 276.

=Duteil=, _N.'s_ acquaintance with, i. 95;

_N._ seeks aid from, 157;

grants _N._ permission to sail for Corsica, 180.

=Duteil, Gen. J.=, general of artillery before Toulon, i. 229;

on _N.'s_ ability, 232.

=Dutheil, N. F.=, devises plan of campaign for Austria and England,

i. 342.

=Dutot=, takes _N.'s_ place in the West, i. 293.

=Duval's "William the Conqueror,"= ii. 350.

=Duvernet's "History of the Sorbonne,"= _N.'s_ study of, i. 150.

=Dwina, River=, fortifications on the, iii. 315;

military movements on the, 337, 341, 359. 361.

=Dyle, River=, military movements on the, iv. 188, 190.

E

=East, the=, _N.'s_ attention turned toward, i. 78;

_N.'s_ comparison of Europe with, ii. 46;

_N.'s_ dreams of empire in.

_See also_ =Napoleon=.

=East Friesland=, scheme to incorporate it with France, iii. 266.

=East Galicia=, part of, ceded to Warsaw, iii. 239.

=East India Company=, lends the island of St. Helena to the

government, iv. 225.

=East Indies=, England watches French policy concerning, ii. 267.

=East Prussia=, Ney moves on, iii. 8.

=Ebelsberg=, battle of, iii. 211.

=Ebrington, Lord=, _N.'s_ characterization of Cornwallis to, ii. 263;

_N.'s_ declaration to, concerning the Duc d'Enghien, 311.

=Ebro, River=, military movements on, iii. 133, 157, 159, 183;

proposed exchange of territory on, 133;

boundary of French annexed territory, 278.

=Ecclesiastical princes=, _N._ on the status of, ii. 27.

=Ecclesiastical principalities=, secularization of, on the Rhine,

ii. 193.

=Ecclesiasticism=, _N.'s_ confusion of ideas concerning, i. 76.

=Eckmuehl=, the campaign of, iii. 202 et seq.

=Education=, demands for, in Corsica, i. 117;

_N.'s_ interest in, system and reforms of, 176; ii. 225-228, 318,

408; iii. 26, 89-91; iv. 260.

=Egalite, Philip=, member of the National Convention, i. 188.

=Egle, Mme.=, guardian of the Beauharnais children, i. 314.

=Egypt=, _N.'s_ plans of conquest of, i. 424; ii. 17, 33, 46-54,

289; iii. 106;

scandals of Mameluke administration in, ii. 17, 47;

French schemes of conquest, 16, 46-54; iii. 112, 114;

importance of, ii. 46;

rebellion in, 47;

the expeditionary forces, 48-54;

scholastic branch of the expedition, 53;

plunder of, 55-57, 67;

departure of expedition from Toulon, 55;

character of the population, 57;

the Mamelukes, 58;

terrors of the campaign, 59;

the army disheartened, 61;

Nelson follows the French fleet to, 62;

_N.'s_ rule in, 65-67;

_N.'s_ religious masquerading in, 65-67;

establishment of printing-presses in, 66;

insurrection suppressed in, 67;

establishment of an Institute in, 66;

dearth of news from France, 67, 78;

rumors of _N.'s_ death in, 68;

despatches from France, Feb., 1799, 72;

_N._ given leave to remain in, 73;

importance of _N.'s_ conquering, 73;

Turkish preparations for the relief of, 74;

attempted risings in, 76;

Adm. Bruix sent to relieve the army in, 79;

_N._ returns from, 80-85;

the colonial idea, 81;

the turning-point of success in, 81;

Kleber prepares to evacuate, 143;

Desaix recalled from, 177;

desperate situation of the French in, 181;

Kleber's administration in, 181;

assassination of Kleber, 181;

French disasters in, 210;

restored to Turkey, 211;

England to evacuate, 262;

Turkey's suzerainty over, 262;

question of reestablishing French colonies in, 273;

_N._ disclaims designs on, 280;

_N.'s_ irritation at England's occupation of, 280;

Davout's campaign in, 323;

_N.'s_ immoralities in, 328;

plan to allure Nelson to, 331;

the object of the expedition against, 337;

English commerce with, iii. 48;

English expedition to seize, 100;

French expedition against, in 1811, 308;

the tactics of the army in, adopted in Russia, 359;

_N.'s_ desertion of the army in, likened to his conduct at

Smorgoni, 375;

work on, compiled by _N.'s_ order, iv. 219;

history of, 293.

=Eichstaedt=, portion of, acquired by Grand Duke of Tuscany, ii. 266;

ceded to Bavaria, 391.

=Eisdorf=, fighting at, iii. 406.

=Eisenach=, military movements near, ii. 425, 427;

the allies outwitted at, iv. 35.

=El Arish=, siege and surrender of, ii. 69;

massacre of the garrison, 70;

treaty between Sir Sidney Smith and Kleber at, 181.

=Elba=, _N.'s_ literary labors at, i. 177; iv. 159, 230-232;

secured to France, ii. 204;

France to evacuate, 262;

Countess Walewska follows _N._ to, iii. 11; iv. 143;

the sentence of exile to, iv. 129;

the monarch of, 129, 133, 151;

_N.'s_ journey to, 134-141;

possibility of her not receiving the imperial exile, 135;

imperialist and royalist sentiment in, 141;

_N._ begins his new administration, 141;

_N.'s_ life in, 141 et seq.;

Bourbon spies in, 142;

visitors to, 143;

scheme to deport _N._ from, 145;

_N.'s_ escape from, 152-154;

the naval patrol at, 153;

_N.'s_ monograph on, 232.

=Elbe, River, the=, the Prussian base on, ii. 428;

key to the valley of, 437;

English blockade of, 441; iii. 48;

western boundary of Prussia, 56;

commanded by fortress of Magdeburg, 56, 57;

the kingdom of Westphalia created on, 56, 73;

preparations to oppose English landing on, 72;

French occupation of the coast near, 266;

military movements on, 393, 396, 406, 407; iv. 2, 6-9, 18, 20-26;

scheme of Hanoverian extension on, 399;

territory on, offered to Sweden, 399;

French recovery of the lower part, 407;

boundary of a neutral zone, 414;

exhaustion of the French on, iv. 19;

French garrisons on, 35.

=Elbing=, military movements near, iii. 8, 13.

=Elchingen=, Ney created Duke of, iii. 86. _See also_ =Ney=.

="Elective Affinities,"= iii. 172.

=Electoral Colleges=, ii. 247.

=Eliot, Sir Gilbert=, viceroy of Corsica, i. 261.

=Elliott=, killed at Arcole, i. 399.

=Elsfleth=, escape of the Black Legion to, iii. 234.

=Elster, River, the=, military operations on, iii. 404, 405;

iv. 20-21, 27-30, 33-34.

=Elysee, the=, _N._ takes up residence at, iv. 159;

_N._ returns from Waterloo to, 216, 218.

=Embabeh=, battle of, ii. 59.

=Embargo=, the, ii. 287, 389, 400, 441.

=Emigrants=, plots by, i. 172, 277, 325; ii. 303;

confiscation of property of, and harsh legislation against,

i. 172, 305, 316; ii. 94, 219;

the aristocrats of the, i. 213;

_N.'s_ speculation in lands of, 288;

attitude of the Directory toward, ii. 2, 36;

_N.'s_ secret dealings with, 9;

Talleyrand among the, 33;

encouraged to return, amnesty to, and indemnity for, 130, 245,

324; 411;

_N._ complains of England harboring, 271;

_N._ demands their expulsion from Naples, 357;

return to France under Louis XVIII, iv. 146;

banished again from France, 157.

=Emigration, the=, i. 109, 152, 155, 268.

=Emperor of the Two Americas=, the, iii. 120.

=Empire=, the French use of the term, ii. 248.

=Empire of the West=, _N._ threatens to resuscitate the, ii. 272.

=Engen=, battle of, ii. 166.

=Enghien, Duc d'=, arrest and murder of, i. 179; ii. 241, 304-309,

312, 316, 331, 412; iii. 107; iv. 138;

monarchical schemes and plots of, ii. 239, 240, 301-305;

character, 301;

married to Princess Rohan-Rochefort, 301;

seeks service with England, 302;

residence at Ettenheim, 302-306;

prepares to retire to Freiburg, 302;

_N._ examines papers of, 305;

_N._ defends the execution of, 310;

_N._ blames Talleyrand for his murder, 311; iii. 197;

statements concerning _N.'s_ connection with his murder, 196, 197;

_N.'s_ self-blame for murder of, iv. 233.