les produisent._ Paris, Challamel, 1900.
CORNET, CAPITAINE. _Au Tchad._ Paris, 1910. Plon Nourrit. [Deals chiefly
with the Shari and with the country north of Chad.]
CUHN, E. W. _Reisen in das Innere von Africa._ Leipzig, 1790, p. 256;
cf. p. 242.
CUST, R. N. _Modern Languages of Africa._ 2 vols. London, 1883.
DECHAMBRE, P. Les Moutons de l’Afrique Occidentale, article in _Revue
coloniale_ for August, 1905. [The same article is also printed in the
_Bulletin de la Société languedocienne de Géographie_, vol. xxviii,
Montpellier, 1905.]
—— Les Bovins du Soudan, article in _Revue coloniale_ for June, 1905.
[Deals chiefly with Senegal Fulani cattle and their diseases.]
*DECHAMBRE ET HEIM. _Notes sur quelques races bovines de l’Afrique
Occidentale._ Paris, 1908. A. Challamel.
DECORSE, DR. J. Le tatouage, les mutilations ethniques et la parure chez
les populations du Soudan, article in _L’Anthropologie_, 1905, p. 129.
*—— Élevage de l’autruche en Afrique Occidentale française, in _Agric.
prat. des pays chauds_, vii, 1907, 2e semaine, pp. 121-33.
—— _Mission Chari-Lac Tchad, 1902-4 : Du Congo au Lac Tchad._ Paris,
1906.
DECORSE ET DEMOMBYNES. Budduma and Kury Vocabularies, in _Actes du XIVe
Congrès des Orientalistes_. Alger, 1905.
—— _Rabah et les Arabes du Chari._ Paris, N.D.
DELEVOYE, Enseigne de Vaisseau, Second de la Mission Lenfant (1903-4).
_En Afrique Centrale (Niger-Benoué-Tchad)._ Paris, 1906. [On p. 127 he
mentions meeting McCarthy Morrogh at Ngornu and giving him the first
dish of fried potatoes ever seen on Lake Chad!]
*DESTENAVE. Le Lac Tchad, article in _Revue générale des Sciences_,
1912, pp. 649, 661, and 717.
*DUBOIS. Bas Chari, rive sud du Tchad et Bahr el Ghazal, article in
_Annales de Géographie_, xii, July 1903.
DUJARRIC, GASTON. _Vie du Sultan Rabah._ Paris, 1902.
EDRISI. _Description de l’Afrique et de l’Espagne._ Texte arabe et
traduction par R. Dozy et M. J. de Goeje. Leyden, 1866. E. J. Brill.
_Encyclopaedia of Islam_ (now in course of publication by Luzac & Co.,
London). [The article on Bornu is not up to date and contains various
misprints.]
ESCHERICH, K. _Die Termiten oder weissen Ameisen_, Leipzig, 1909. [Many
illustrations.]
ESCHEVANNES, C. D’. _Henry Moll, d’après sa correspondance._ Imprimerie
de l’Union Typographique. Domois-Dijon. [1911?] [Col. Moll was killed in
action at Dridjelé in Wadai on Nov. 9, 1910. He had previously been
stationed in Zinder, 1901, was on the Anglo-French Niger-Chad Boundary
Commission, 1903-4, and from 1909-10 was in charge of the Territoire
Militaire du Tchad. Cf. Barrès.]
FALCONER, J. W. _Geology and Geography of Northern Nigeria._ London,
1910. [The author was head of the Government Mineral Survey Party, and
is now Lecturer on Geography in Glasgow University.]
—— _On Horseback through Nigeria._ London, 1911.
*FRANCO, DE. _Étude sur l’élevage du cheval en Afrique Occidentale
française._ Melun, imp. administrative, 1905.
*FREIMARK, H. _Das Sexualleben der Afrikaner._ Berlin, 1911.
GADEN. _Notice sur la résidence de Zinder._ In-8, Paris, Lavauzelle,
1903. 2 francs. [Zinder is the capital of Damagaram, formerly subject to
Bornu. M. Gaden’s brochure describes the district historically,
geographically, &c., and is illustrated.]
—— Les États musulmans de l’Afrique Centrale et leurs rapports avec la
Mecque et Constantinople, article in _Questions diplomatiques et
coloniales_ for October, 1907. [Deals chiefly with the manufacture and
export of eunuchs.]
GARDE, G. _Description géologique des régions situées entre le Niger et
le Tchad._ Paris, 1911. 8 francs 50 centimes. [The author was the
geologist attached to the Anglo-French Boundary Commission in 1907.]
GUENTHER, KONRAD. _Gerhard Rohlfs. Lebensbild eines Afrikaforschers._
Freiburg i. Br., 1912. E. Fehsenfeld. [Includes numerous photos of
Rohlfs, his wife, his house, family tomb, &c.]
GUILLEUX (SERGENT). _Journal de route d’un caporal de tirailleurs._
(Mission Foureau-Lamy.) Belfort, 1905. Schmidt. [The author took part in
the defeat of Rabeh at Kusseri and the pursuit of Fadel Allah to Issege,
but went on leave before the final defeat and death of Fadel Allah at
Gujba. The author, or possibly a journalistic friend, writes in a very
flamboyant style. The key-note of the book may perhaps be described as
patriotism—with a touch of pornography; ‘Charge, Chester, charge,’ on
one page, and ‘Woman in our hours of ease’ on the next.]
HELD, T. V. _Märchen und Sagen der afrikanischen Neger._ Jena, 1904, p.
171.
HERTSLET, SIR E. _The Map of Africa by Treaty._ London, 1910.
HOEFFER, F. _Afrique Centrale: Soudan, Bornou, &c._ In-8, 1848. F.
Didot. [This forms vol. v of _L’Univers Pittoresque_, and is a mere
_réchauffé_ of Denham and Clapperton.]
*JOALLAND. De Zinder au Tchad et à la conquête du Kanem, article in _B.
S. Bretonne G. Lorient_, 1901, xix, 160-80.
JOUCLA, EDMOND. _Bibliographie de l’Afrique Occidentale française._
Paris, 1912.
KNOX, ALEXANDER. _The Climate of Africa._ London, 1912.
KOELLE, REV. S. W. _African Native Literature in Kanuri._ London, 1854.
—— _Kanuri Grammar._ London, 1854.
—— _Polyglotta Africana._ London, 1854. [Dr. Karl Kumm informs me that
many of Koelle’s unpublished manuscripts are now in his possession.]
KOENIG, M. Vocabulaires appartenant à divers contrées ou tribus de
l’Afrique, recueillis dans la Nubie supérieure, printed in _Rec. de
Voyages et de Mémoires_ pub. by the Soc. de Géogr., T. 4, Paris, 1839
(Arthus-Bertrand), pp. 129-97. Idiomes de Dar-Four et de Barnou, pp.
181-9.
KUMM, DR. KARL. _From Hausaland to Egypt._ London, 1910. [The page of
Kanuri sayings is composed of a few phrases from Koelle which were
confirmed by the author’s informants. The list of Bornu tribes is very
incorrect. The best thing about the book is the very fine series of
plates of butterflies.]
*LACOIN. Région de l’Oubanghi, du Chari et du Tchad, article in the
_Bulletin de la Société géologique de France_, 4th series, iii. 484.
LACROIX. Résultats minéralogiques et géologiques des récentes
explorations dans l’Afrique Occidentale française et la région du Tchad,
article in the _Revue coloniale_, nouvelle série, No. 25, pp. 207-13.
Paris, 1900.
LAME, CAPT., ET LIEUT. J. FERRANDI. Fort Lamy, chef-lieu du territoire
du Tchad, article in _Renseignements Col. Afrique française_ (1912),
101-11.
LANDEROIN. Vid. Tilho.
LOUVET. _Sur le mode de production de la gomme arabique dans les forêts
de gommiers._ In-8. 1876.
LUGARD, SIR F. D. Annual Reports on Northern Nigeria. 1901-6.
LUGARD, LADY. _A Tropical Dependency._ London, 1905.
LYON, CAPT. G. F., R.N. _Travels in Northern Africa._ London, 1821.
[Contains fine coloured plates. On p. 122 there is a short Kanuri
vocabulary and account of Bornu, obtained from traders. The following
fact I have not seen mentioned elsewhere: ‘Until a few years ago, when
the country became much improved under the mild government of a very
religious Moslem [i.e. Lamino], it was the custom to throw into the
stream [i.e. the Wobe] at the time of its rise a virgin richly dressed,
and of superior beauty. The greatest people of the country considered
themselves honoured if the preference was given to one of their
daughters, and the learned men augured a good or bad year from the ease
or difficulty with which their victim was drowned.’ The book also
contains Fulani, Hausa, and Tubu vocabularies.]
M‘DIARMID, JOHN. _Sketches from Nature._ Edinburgh, Oliver & Boyd;
London, Simpkin & Marshall, 1830. [M‘Diarmid was editor of the _Dumfries
Herald_. pp. 322-36 give a short account of Clapperton, quotations from
which are included in Nelson, q.v.]
MACLEOD, OLIVE. _Chiefs and Cities of Central Africa._ London, 1912.
_Magazin der merkwürdigen neuen Reisebeschreibungen._ Berlin, 1790-1811.
8vo. Vol. v, p. 330. Bornu Vokabeln.
*MARQUARDSEN. _Oberflächengestaltung und Hydrographie des Sahara-
Sudanischen abflusslosen Gebietes._ Inaug. Diss. Göttingen, 1909.
MASSARI, A. La traversée de l’Afrique de la mer Rouge au golfe de
Guinée, article in _Bull. de la Soc. belge de géogr._, 1883, p. 845.
[Massari was a naval officer and Matteucci a doctor. Their expedition
was partly financed by Prince Borghese. They started from Suakin on the
Red Sea, passed through Wadai, Kuka (where they remarked on the gaiety
and looseness of morals of the inhabitants), Kano, Bida, and Egga, where
they stayed at the English factory, and so down the Niger and home. They
landed at Liverpool on August 5, 1881, seventeen months after
disembarking at Suakin. Dr. Matteucci was attacked by fever in the train
between Liverpool and London, and died the following day. I have not
been able to discover the date of Massari’s death, but as he lectured to
the Belgian Geographical Society two years after his return to Europe,
he evidently did not die so soon as is implied in note [38] of the
present work.]
MECKLENBURG, DUKE ADOLF FRIEDRICH ZU. _From the Congo to the Niger and
the Nile._ London, 1913. 2 vols.
MERCIER, CAPT. ÉMILIEN. Le pays du Logone-Chari. La Voie de la Benoué,
article in the _Bulletin de la Société de Géographie_. Marseille, 35
(1911). [Deals with the question of transport of supplies for French
Chad territories via the Benue.]
MIGEOD, F. W. H. _The Languages of West Africa._ 2 vols. London, 1911.
MOLL. Vid. Eschevannes and Barrès.
MONTEIL, C. Vid. Pierre.
NACHTIGAL, DR. G. _Trauerfeier für Gustav Nachtigal, 17. Mai 1885._
Berlin, 1885. [Reprinted from _Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft für
Erdkunde zu Berlin_, No. 7, 1885.]
*—— _Résultats d’un voyage dans le Soudan_, in-8, 1875. 1 fr. 25.
*—— Nachrichten von Dr. Nachtigal, in _Petermann’s Mitteilungen_, ann.
1871, pp. 326, 450, 67, 201; _Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Erdkunde
zu Berlin_, ann. 1873, p. 61; ann. 1871, p. 130; ann. 1873, pp. 249 and
311; ann. 1874, p. 39; ann. 1874, x. 2, p. 109; _Globus_, ann. 1873, pp.
215 and 231; ann. 1873, pp. 119, 137, and 153; _Kölnische Zeitung_, July
20 and 28, 1873; _Mitteilungen der Geographischen Gesellschaft zu
Hamburg_, ann. 1876, 1877, p. 305; _Tour du monde_, 2e semestre, 1880;
_Geographical Magazine_, ann. 1875, p. 178.
NELSON, REV. THOMAS. _Biographical Memoir of the late Dr. Walter Oudney
and Capt. Hugh Clapperton, both of the Royal Navy, and Major Alex.
Gordon Laing, all of whom died amid their active and enterprising
endeavours to explore the Interior of Africa._ By Rev. Thomas Nelson,
M.W.S. [i.e. Member of the Wernerian Natural History Society].
Edinburgh, Waugh & Innes; Whittaker, Treacher & Co., London, 1830.
[Nelson was a personal friend of both Oudney and Clapperton, and had
letters from both put at his disposal by Dr. James Kay, R.N., Professor
Jameson, and Oudney’s sister. He also had personal information from
Clapperton’s sister and other friends.]
NORRIS, EDWIN. _Dialogues and a small portion of the New Testament in
the English, Arabic, Hausa, and Bornu Languages._ [Translated by James
Richardson, and edited by E. N.] London, 1853. Obl. 4to.
—— _Grammar of the Bornu or Kanuri Language, with Dialogues._
[Transcribed from Richardson’s MSS. Norris’s books are referred to in
the preface to Koelle’s _Kanuri Grammar_.] London, 1853.
ORR, C. W. _The Making of Northern Nigeria._ London, 1911.
OUDNEY. Vid. Denham.
PAHDE, ADOLF. _Der Afrika-Forscher Eduard Vogel._ 1889, Hamburg. [A
small pamphlet of 36 pages; it forms vol. lxxxii in Virchow and
Holtzendorff’s _Sammlung gemeinverständlicher wissenschaftlicher
Vorträge_, Neue Folge, Serie iv. The author mentions that a black marble
tablet has been affixed to the wall of the house in Krefeld, No. 122
Königstrasse, where Vogel was born.]
PALMER, H. R. The Bornu Girgam, article in _Journal of the African
Society_, October, 1912. [A transcription and translation of a Kanuri
chronicle. Of first-rate interest. A good many misprints.]
PASSARGE, SIEGFRIED. _Die Völker des Centralen Sudan._ Berlin, 1895.
*PÉRIN, G. _Rapport sur la Mission Foureau-Lamy._
PETERMANN, AUGUSTUS. _Progress of the Expedition to Central Africa._
London, 1854. Folio.
PIERRE, C., and C. MONTEIL. _L’Élevage au Soudan._ Paris, 1905. [Deals
with all kinds of cattle and stock raising, primarily as regards the
Upper Niger, but applicable elsewhere. Admirable illustrations.]
POTT, A. F. Sprachen aus Afrika’s Innerem und Westen, article in _Z. D.
M. G._, vol. viii (1854), pp. 413-41. [A critique of Norris’s books.]
PRICHARD, J. C. _Researches into the Physical History of Mankind._ 3rd
ed. Vol. ii, pp. 127 and 113. 1837.
PRIETZE, RUDOLF. Die spezifischen Verstärkungsadverbien im Hausa und
Kanuri, article in _Mitteilungen des Seminars für orientalische Sprachen
zu Berlin_, 1908, 3rd fasc., p. 307-17.
PRINS, P. Vers le Tchad. Une année de résidence auprès de Mohammed Abd-
er-Rhaman Gaourang, Sultan de Bagirmi, Avril 1898-Mai 1899, article in
_La Géographie, bulletin de la Société de Géographie_, Paris, 1900,
March number.
_Quarterly Review._ Vid. Index vol. xl under Clapperton and Denham.
[Vol. xxxiii contains a review of Denham’s book; and vol. xxxix of
Clapperton’s second book, also two letters of Sultan Bello of Sokoto to
Clapperton not printed elsewhere. On p. 112 of vol. xxxviii the
_Quarterly Review_, commenting on the death of Clapperton and other
explorers, remarks: ‘We trust there will now be an end to the sacrifice
of valuable lives in prosecuting discoveries on this wretched continent,
of which we know enough to be satisfied that it contains little at all
worthy of being known.’]
*REDHOUSE. _History of Events during Expeditions against the Tribes of
Bulala._ London, 1862. In-8. [This is quoted by Carbou in _La Région du
Tchad et du Ouadaï_, and is included in his Bibliography, but I have
been unable to trace it in the British Museum or in the Bodleian.
Possibly it is really an article in some periodical.]
*REGELSPERGER. Du Niger au Tchad. La Mission Tilho, ses travaux et ses
résultats, article in _Le Mois col. et marit._, 7e année, 1909. 1er
vol., pp. 97-109.
REIBELL (COM.). _Le Commandant Lamy d’après sa correspondance et ses
souvenirs de campagne_ (1858-1900). Paris, Hachette, 1903. [Only a few
pages at the end concern events in Bornu.]
ROHLFS, G. Sprachstudien: _Peterm. Mitt._, Ergänzungs-Heft No. 25, p.
67.
—— _Peterm. Mitt._, 1867, p. 333.
—— Vid. under Guenther.
_Royal Geographical Society’s Journal_, vols. xxiv, xxv, xxvi, xxvii,
xxviii _passim_.
_Royal Geographical Society’s Proceedings_, vol. ii, p. 30 (_re_ Vogel).
ST. JOHN, BAYLE. _Travels of an Arab Merchant in the Soudan._ Abridged
from the French. London, 1854. [Mostly about Darfur and Wadai. The
original French edition is by Nicholas Perron, Paris, 1845. The
merchant’s name was Sheikh Muhammad Ibn Umar, and he was in the vicinity
of Chad about A.D. 1805.]
SCHUBERT, GUSTAV VON. _Heinrich Barth, der Bahnbrecher der deutschen
Afrikaforschung._ Berlin, 1897. Dietrich Reimer. [Contains portraits of
Abbega and Dorugu (the latter of whom died in November, 1912, and is
buried at the Nassarawa Government Schools near Kano), and facsimiles of
various letters, including one from Livingstone to Barth, sending him a
copy of his book.]
_Scots Magazine._ 1824. Pt. ii, p. 637. [An obituary of Oudney,
consisting of an extract from a letter of Clapperton’s to Consul
Warrington at Tripoli.]
SEEFRIED, VON. Untersuchungen über die Natur der Harmattantrübe, in _M.
Deutsch. Schutzgeb._ 26 (1913), 9-12.
SEIDEL, A. _Geschichten und Lieder der Afrikaner._ Berlin, 1896, p. 311.
STANLEY, H. M. _Through the Dark Continent_, 1878. Vol. ii, p. 494.
STRUCK, BERNHARD. Bibliography of Northern Nigeria, in _Journal of the
African Society_, 1911-12. [Very valuable.]
STRUMPELL. Adamawa Vocabularies, in _Zeitschrift für Ethnologie_, iii-
iv, 1910, edited by Bernhard Struck.
TALBOT, P. A. Article on Lake Chad in _Journal of the Royal Geographical
Society_ for September 1911.
TILHO. Délimitation franco-anglaise entre Niger et Tchad (Mission Moll),
article in _La Géographie_. Paris, 1906, 13. 332-6.
—— The French Mission to Lake Chad, article in the _Royal Geographical
Society’s Journal_, September 1910.
—— _Documents scientifiques de la Mission Tilho_, 1910-11. Paris. [Of
first-rate interest and value. Published by the French Ministry for the
Colonies. Capt. Tilho’s colleague, M. Landeroin, is responsible for the
historical and ethnographical sections.]
*TRUFFERT. Région du Tchad, le Bahr el Ghazal et l’archipel Kouri,
article in _Revue de Géographie_, June-July 1903.
TULLY, RICHARD. _Letters from Tripoli._ London, 1819, vid. Appendix XXI.
*VAN GENNEP, CH. MONTEIL ET G. DEMOMBYNES. _Principes d’enquêtes dans
l’Afrique Occidentale. Ethnographie et linguistique._ [In preparation.]
VOGEL. Nachrichten über Vogels Schicksal von Munzinger, in _Petermann’s
Mitteilungen_, ann. 1862, p. 346.
—— Vid. under Pahde.
*WAUTERS, A. J. Les Voies d’accès au Lac Tchad, article in the
_Mouvement géographique_, 29. (1912), 481-6.
MAPS
For the construction of the maps the following were used in addition to
the authorities mentioned above:
Sketch-map in the _Deutsches Kolonialbl._, xvii. Jahrg., p. 594.
Map 2 in the _Treaty Series_, No. 14, London, 1906.
Map of Northern Nigeria in _Colonial Reports Annual_, No. 532.
_The Surveys of British Africa_, London, 1907, pp. 34 ff.
The sheet marked ‘Chad’ in the map of the Kameruns by Moisel, 1909.
LANGUAGES
Vid. Bernhard Struck, Bibliography of Northern Nigeria, in _African
Society’s Journal_, 1911-12; and Benton, _Kanuri Readings_ and _Notes on
Some Languages of the Central Sudan_.
APPENDIX I
LIST OF LEPIDOPTERA
OBSERVED BY ARNOLD SCHULTZE DURING THE YOLA-CHAD BOUNDARY COMMISSION OF
1903-4 IN BORNU AND THE ADJACENT COUNTRIES.[487]
FAM. DANAIDIDAE
1. _Danaida chrysippus_, L., et var. _alcippus_, Cram. This species,
which is widely distributed all over Africa and Western Asia, is to be
found everywhere. Caterpillars are found on all the _Asclepiadae_,
especially _Calotropis procera_.
2. _D. limniace_, var. _petiverana_, D. H. In South Bornu (on the
‘kopjes’) sporadic and rare.
FAM. SATYRIDAE
3. _Melanitis leda_, B. South Bornu. Flights about evening time.
4. _Ypthima simplicia_, Butl. On the southern boundary at Uba.
FAM. NYMPHALIDAE
5. _Acraea neobule_, var. _seis_ Feisth. In South Bornu (‘kopjes’).
6. _A. caecilia_, Fbr. Dile. (South Bornu.)
7. _A. pseudegina_, Westw. (South Bornu.)
8. _A. encedon_, L. On the southern boundary at Uba.
9. _Pyrameis cardui_, L. This cosmopolitan insect is found especially in
the Marghi ‘bush’ at the end of the rains feeding on elephant dung.
10. _Precis orithya_, var. _madagascariensis_, Guen. Very sporadic.
11. _P. oenone_, var. _cebrene_, Trim. As above.
12. _P. octavia_, Cram. et f. _amestris_, Dr. In South Bornu (on the
granite hills).
13. _P. antilope_, Feisth. with f. _simia_, Wallengr. As above, but
somewhat commoner.
14. _P. chorimene_, Guen. As above.
15. _Catacropthera cloanthe_, var. _ligata_, Rotsch. & Jord. South
Bornu. On the plains and on the granite hills.
16. _Hypolimnas misippus_, L. Sporadic in South Bornu. Granite hills.
17. _H. dubius_, Pal. Rare, on southern boundary at Uba.
18. _Byblia acheloia_, Wallengr., with f. _Crameri_, Auriv. Very
sporadic.
19. _Neptis agata_, Stoll. Boundary of Southern Bornu.
20. _Hamanumida daedalus_, Fabr. Everywhere.
21. _Charaxes epijasius_, Reiche. South Bornu sporadic. Caterpillars on
_Burkea africana_.
22. _Ch. achaemenes_, Fields. South Bornu (‘kopjes’).
23. _Ch. etheocles_, var. _viola_, Butl. Everywhere, especially on the
tamarind trees. Caterpillars on various Leguminosae.
24. _Ch. candiope_, God. Rare, on southern boundary at Uba.
25. _Ch. varanes_, Cram. Everywhere that the _cardiospermum
halicacabum_, on which the caterpillars feed, grows, but always
sporadic.
FAM. LYCAENIDAE
26. _Dendorix caerulea_, H. Druce, at Dile, South Bornu.
27. _D. livia_, Shy. Everywhere that there are acacias in bloom.
28. _D. antalus_, Hopffer. Idem.
29. _Jolaus menas_, H. Druce. On the southern boundary at Uba. Like No.
30, especially on the _Vitex_ when in bloom.
30. _J. ismenias_, Shy. As above.
31. _J. bicaudatus_, Auriv. At Dile (South Bornu).
32. _J. umbrosus_, Butl. Found hovering round scattered trees on ‘firki’
soil. (The caterpillars of all the Jolaus species are fond of the
Loranthus.)
33. _Spindasis mozambica_, Bertoloni. Boundary of South Bornu.
34. _Cupido plinius_, Fabr. Everywhere.
35. _C. baeticus_, L. This widely-distributed species is found hovering
round the ‘ambach’ of the zone of marshy vegetation of Chad.
36. _C. eleusis_, Demaison. South Bornu.
37. _C. cissus_, God. Everywhere.
38. _C. lysimon_, Hubn. Idem.
FAM. PIERIDAE
39. _Herpaenia eriphia_, var. _lacteipennis_, Butl. South Bornu.
40. _Pieris gidica_, God. Everywhere; especially in the flooded
districts of Chad.
41. _P. creona_, Cram. Idem. Caterpillars on the Capparis.
42. _P. mesentina_. As above.
43. _Teracolus amatus_, var. _Calais_, Cram. In Central Bornu,
especially at Dikoa on the Capparis bushes, on which the caterpillars
feed, as do those of all the Teracolus species.
44. _T. chrysonome_, Shy. As above. Very common.
45. _T. vesta_, var. _amelia_, Lucas. South Bornu.
46. _T. protomedia_, Shy. Everywhere, sporadic.
47. _T. eris_, Shy. As above.
48. _T. jone_, var. _phlegas_, Butl. Everywhere, and at all times of the
year.
49. _T. eupompe_, Shy, with f. _dedecora_, Feld. As above.
50. _T. evippe_, L. and f. _ocale_, Boisd. Habitat as above, but rarer.
51. _T. antigone_, Boid., with f. _phlegetonia_, Boisd. As above.
52. _T. euarne_, Shy, with f. _citreus_, Butl. As above.
53. _Eronia cleodora_, Hübn, var. _erxia_, Hübn. Everywhere sporadic,
especially on the cotton plant.
54. _Catopsilia florella_, Fabr. Everywhere. Caterpillars on the Cassia.
55. _Terias brigitta_, Cram., f. _Zoe_, Hopff. Everywhere, especially in
the marshy zone of Chad, where the caterpillars are fond of the
‘ambach’.
FAM. PAPILIONIDAE
56. _Papilio Schultzei_, Auriv. Only on the boundary at Uba, and only at
one small spot near inaccessible rocks.
57. _P. pylades_, Fabr. Everywhere on the damp sand-banks of rivers.
Caterpillars on _Anona senegalensis_.
58. _P. leonidas_, Fabr. Boundary of Southern Bornu.
FAM. HESPERIDAE
59. _Hesperia Zaire_, Pl. South bank of Chad.
60. _Chapra mathias_, Fabr. Marshy zone of Chad. Caterpillars on
Graminae.
61. _Cyclopides formosus_, Butl., var. _tsadicus_, Auriv. Dile. South
Bornu.
62. _Tagiades flesus_, Fabr. As above.
FAM. ARCTIIDAE
63. _Utetheisa pulchella_, L. Everywhere. Common in places.
FAM. LYMANTRIIDAE
64. _Laelia euproctina_, Auriv. South bank of Chad.
FAM. SPHINGIDAE
65. _Hersi convolvuli_, L. Caterpillars common on the _Ipomoea_ on the
banks of Chad.
66. _Acherontia atropos_, L. Sporadic. Caterpillars on the _Vitex_.
67. _Daphnis nerii_, L. In damp places. Caterpillars on the
Sarcocephalus species.
68. _Macroglossum trochilus_, Hübn. South Bornu.
(_Hippotion celerio_, L., and _osiris_, Dalm., are both met with in the
neighbouring country of Adamawa, the former in great numbers.)
FAM. SATURNIIDAE
69. _Epiphora bauhiniae_, Guér. Everywhere that the _Zizyphus_ grows, on
which the caterpillars feed. (Silk-spinners.)
70. _E. Schultzei_, Auriv. As above, but more on Lake Chad.
71. _Gonimbrasia osiris_, Druce. South Bornu. Caterpillars swarm on the
Terminalia trees, and are eaten by the pagans.
72. _Bunaea hersilia_, Westw. In South Bornu (Marghi ‘bush’),
caterpillars common on the elephant grass.
73. _B. licharbas_, Maas. Dile. South Bornu. Caterpillars on vetches.
FAM. LASIOCAMPIDAE
74. _Taragama diluta_, Auriv. To be met with resting on the ‘retam’ or
broom on the banks of Chad.
FAM. SESIIDAE
75. _Sesia spec._ Marshy zone of Chad.
FAM. PLUSIIDAE
76. _Plusia chalcytes_, Esp. Boundary of Southern Bornu.
FAM. HELIOTHIDAE