wrote to both Jordan and Elias, the generals of the two Orders, to let
him have friars, as his diocese was large and he required help in the
duties of preaching and hearing confessions.--Fascic. Rer. Expetend. et
Fugiend. II. 334-5. (Ed. 1690).
[250] Brev. Hist. Ord. Prædic. (Martene Ampl. Coll. VI. 357).--Extrav.
Commun. Lib. III. Tit. vi. c. 8.--Concil. Nimociens. ann. 1298, c.
17.--Constit. Joann. Archiep. Nicos. ann. 1321, c. 10.--C. Avenionens.
ann. 1326, c. 27; ann. 1337, c. 82.--C. Vaurens. ann. 1368, c. 63,
64.--Epistt. Sæculi XIII. T.I. No. 437 (Monument. Germ. Hist.).--Berger,
Les Registres d'Innoc. IV. No. 1875-8, 3252-5, 3413.--Ripoll I. 25,
132-33, 153-4; II. 61, 173; VII. 18.--Matt. Paris ann. 1234, p. 276;
ann. 1235, pp. 286-7; ann. 1255, p. 616.--Potthast Regesta No. 8786_a_,
8787-9, 10052.--Trithem. Annal. Hirsaug. ann. 1268.--Conc. Biterrens.
ann. 1233, c. 9.--C. Arelatens. ann. 1234, c. 2.--C. Albiens. ann. 1254,
c. 17, 18.--S. Bonaventuræ Libell. Apologet. Quæst. 1.--Abbat. Joachimi
Concordiæ v. 49.
The details of the disgusting quarrels over the dying and dead are
impressively set forth in a composition attempted by Boniface VIII., in
1303, between the clergy of Rome and the Mendicants (Ripoll II. 70). The
constant litigation on the subject was one of the chief grievances of
the spiritual section of the Franciscans (Hist. Tribulationum, _ap._
Archiv für Litteratur-u. Kirchengeschichte, 1886, p. 297).
[251] Alex. PP. Bull. _Quasi lignum vitæ_.--Waddingi Annal. ann. 1255,
No. 2.--Dupin, Bib. des Auteurs Éccles. T. X. ch. vii.
For the exemption of students from secular jurisdiction see Berger,
Registres d'Innocent IV. No. 1515.--Molinier (Guillem Bernard de
Gaillac, Paris, 1884, pp. 26 sqq.) gives a good account of the
educational organization of the Dominicans at this period.
[252] Waddingi Annal. ann. 1234, No. 4, 5; ann. 1255, No. 3.--Brev.
Hist. Ord. Præd. (Martene Ampl. Coll. VI. 356-7).--Potthast Regesta No.
15562.--Matt. Paris, ann. 1253, p. 590.
William of St. Amour was a pluralist. Not satisfied with a canonry of
Beauvais and a church with a cure of souls, we find him, in 1247,
obtaining of Innocent IV. a dispensation to hold another cure.--Berger,
Les Registres d'Innoc. IV. No. 3188.
[253] Waddingi Annal. ann. 1254, No. 3; ann. 1255, No. 5.--Brevis
Historia (Martene VI. 357).--Martene Thesaur. I. 1059.
[254] Waddingi Annal. ann. 1254, No. 20; ann. 1255, No. 1.--Ripoll I.
266-7.
[255] Ripoll I. 289, 291, 296, 298, 301, 306, 308, 311, 312, 320, 322,
324, 333, 334, 336, 342, 345, 350.--Matt. Paris ann. 1255, pp. 611,
616.--Wadding. Annal. ann. 1255, No. 4; ann. 1256, No.
20-37.--Fasciculus Rer. Expetend. II. 18 sqq. Ed. 1690.--Mag. Bull.
Roman. I. 112.--D'Argentré Collect. Judicior. de nov. Error. I. I. 170
sqq.--Guill. Nangiac. Gesta S. Ludov. ann. 1255.--Grandes Chroniques,
IV. 373-4.--Bern. Guidon. Flor. Chron. (Bouquet, XXI. 698).
[256] Ripoll I. 346, 348, 349, 352-3, 372, 375-9.--Waddingi Annal. ann.
1256, No. 38; ann. 1257, No. 1-4, 6; ann. 1259, No. 3-6; ann. 1260, No.
10.--Clement. PP. IV. Bull. _Virtute conspicuos_, ann. 1265.--Dupin,
Bib. des Auteurs Éccles. T.X. ch. vii.
When, in 1632, an edition of St. Amour's works was published in
Constance (Paris) the Dominicans had sufficient influence with Louis
XIII. to obtain its suppression in a savage edict. All the copies were
seized: to retain one was punishable with a fine of three thousand
livres, and it was declared a capital offence for a bookseller to have a
single copy for sale (Mosheim de Beghardis, p. 27). The "Pericula
Novissimorum Temporum" had, however, been printed, with two of St.
Amour's sermons, by Wolfgang of Weissenburg in his "Antilogia Papæ,"
Basle, 1555, and this was reprinted in London in 1688, and embodied by
Brown in his edition of the "Fasciculus Rerum Expetendarum et
Fugiendarum" in 1690.
[257] Bonavent. Apol. Pauperum. Resp. I. c. 1.--Waddingi Annal. ann.
1269, No. 6-8.
[258] Ripoll I. 338.
[259] Clement PP. IV. Bull. _Providentia_, ann. 1268.--Ripoll I. 341,
344.--Ptol. Lucens. Hist. Eccles. Lib. XXIII. c. 21, 24-5.--Henr.
Steronis Annal. ann. 1287, 1299.--Annal. Dominican. Colmariens. ann.
1277.--Waddingi Annal. ann. 1291, No. 97; ann. 1303, No. 32.--Concil.
Valentin. ann. 1255.--Concil. Ravennat. ann. 1259.--Martene Ampliss.
Collect. II. 1291.--Concil. Remens. ann. 1287.--Salimbene Chronica, pp.
371, 378-9.--Guillel. Nangiac. ann. 1298; Ejusd. Continuat. ann.
1351.--Revelat. S. Brigittæ Lib. VI. c. 63; cf. Lib. I. c. 41.--c. 2
Extravagant. Commun. III. vi.--c. 1. Ejusd. v. 7.--Ripoll II. 92-3.--P.
de Herenthals Vit. Joann. XXII. ann. 1233.--Martene Thesaur. I.
1368.--c. 2 Extravagant. Commun. v. iii.--Alph. de Spina Fortalicium
Fidei, fol. 61_a_ (Ed. 1494).--Hecker, Epidemics of the Middle Ages, p.
30 (Babington's Transl.).--Fascic. Rer. Expetend. et Fugiend. II. 466
(Ed. 1690).--Theiner Monument. Hibern. et Scotor. No. 634, p.
313.--Cosentino, Archivio Storico Siciliano, 1886, p. 336.--Concil.
Salisburgens. ann. 1386, c. 8.--Gudeni Cod. Diplom. III.
603.--D'Argentré, Collect. Judic. de Novis Error, I. II. 178.
During the Black Death, of one hundred and forty Dominicans at
Montpellier, but seven survived; in Marseilles, of a hundred and sixty,
not one. The mortality in the Franciscan Order was reckoned at one
hundred and twenty-four thousand four hundred and thirty-four members,
which is a manifest exaggeration.--Hoffman, Geschichte der Inquisition,
II. 374-5.
[260] D'Argentré, Collect. Judic. de nov. Error. I. II. 180-4, 242, 251,
340, 347, 352, 354, 356.--Religieux de S. Denis, Hist. de Charles VI.,
Liv. XXIX. ch. 10.--Gersoni Sermo contra Bullam Mendicantium.--Alph. de
Spina Fortalicium Fidei. fol. 61 (Ed. 1494).--C. 2 Extravagant. I.
9.--Ripoll III. 206, 256, 268.--Wadding. ann. 1457, No. 61.--H. Cornel.
Agrippæ Epistt. II. 49.--Raynald. Annal. ann. 1515, No. 1.--Concil.
Lateran. Sess. XI. (Harduin. IX. 1832).--Erasmi Epist. 10 Lib. XII. (Ed.
1642, pp. 585-6).
[261] Potthast Regest. No. 8326, 9172, 11299.--Martene Thesaur. V. 1816,
1820.
[262] S. Francis. Collat. Monast. Collat. XXI., XXV.--Ejusd. Prophet.
XIV., XV.--Ejusd. Epist. 6, 7.--Pet. Rodulphii Hist. Seraph. Relig. Lib.
I. fol. 177-8.--Th. de Eccleston de Adv. Minorum Collat. XII.--Waddingi
Annal. ann. 1253, No. 30.--S. Bonavent. Opp. Ed. 1584, T.I. pp.
485-6.--Matt. Paris. ann. 1243 (p. 414).--S. Brigittæ Revelat. Lib. IV.
c. 33.
[263] Bonavent. Vit. S. Francis, c. 9.--Lacordaire, Vie de S. Dominique,
pp. 182-3.--Potthast Regest. No. 7429, 7490, 7537, 7550, 9130, 9139,
9141, 10350, 10383, 10421, 11297.--Raynald. ann. 1233, No. 22, 23; ann.
1237, No. 88.--Hist. Ordin. Prædicat. c. 8 (Martene Ampliss. Coll. VI.
338).--Chron. Magist. Ordin. Prædicat. c. 3 (Ibid. 350-1).--Waddingi
Annal. ann. 1258, No. 1; ann. 1278, No. 10, 11, 12; ann. 1284, No. 2;
ann. 1288, No. 3, 36; ann. 1289, No. 1; ann. 1294, No. 10-12; ann. 1492,
No. 2; ann. 1493, No. 2-8.--Rodulphii Hist. Seraph. Relig. Lib. I. fol.
120.--Paramo de Orig. Offic. S. Inquisit. p. 238.
In 1246 Innocent IV. received a very civil letter from Melik el-Mansur
Nassir, the ruler of Edessa, expressing his regret that mutual ignorance
of each others' language prevented his engaging in theological
disputation with the Dominicans sent for his conversion.--Berger,
Registres d'Innoc. IV. No. 3031.
[264] Campana, Vita di San Piero Martire, p. 257.--Juan de Mata,
Santoral de San Domingo y San Francisco, fol. 13.--Zurita, Añales de
Aragon, Lib. II. c. 63.--Ricchinii Proœm. ad. Monetam, Dissert. I. p.
xxxi.--Paramo de Orig. Off. S. Inquis. Lib. II. Tit. ii. c. 1.--Pegnæ
Comment. in Eymeric. p. 461.--Chron. Magist. Ord. Prædic. c. 2 (Martene
Ampl. Coll. VI. 348).--Monteiro, Historia da Santo Inquisição P. I. Liv.
I. c. xxv., xlviii.
It is an interesting illustration of the softened temper of the
nineteenth century to see, in 1842, the learned and zealous Dominican,
Lacordaire, writing his "Vie de S. Dominique" to prove the impossibility
of Dominic's participation in the cruelty of the Inquisition exactly one
hundred years after an equally learned and zealous Dominican, Ricchini,
had claimed the Inquisition as the glorious work of the saint. Yet since
the time of Lacordaire there has been a reaction, and M. l'Abbé Douais
does not hesitate to state, on the authority of Sixtus V., that "Saint
Dominique aurait ainsi reçu une délégation pontificale pour
l'Inquisition après l'année 1209" (Sources de l'Histoire de
l'Inquisition, Revue des Questions Historiques, 1 Oct. 1881, p. 400).
[265] Gregor. PP. IX. Bull. _Ille humani generis_. Ap. 22,
1233.--Potthast Regesta, No. 9143, 9152, 9153, 9155, 9386, 9388, 9995,
10362.--Innoc. PP. IV. Bull. _Inter alia_, 20 Oct. 1248 (Baluze et Mansi
I. 208).--Archives de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Coll. Doat, XXXI. fol.
21).--Archives de l'Évêché d'Albi (Ib. XXXI. 255).
[266] Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1235.--Concil. Biterrens, ann. 1233; ann.
1246.--Concil. Albiens. ann. 1254 c. 17, 18.--Martene Thesaur. V. 1806,
1808-10, 1817, 1819-20.--Ripoll I. 38.--Aguirre Concil. Hispan. VI.
155-6.--Raynald. Annal. ann. 1233, No. 40, 59 sqq.--Waddingi Annal. ann.
1246, No. 2; ann. 1254, No. 7, 8; ann. 1257, No. 17; ann. 1259, No. 3;
ann. 1277, No. 10; ann. 1286, No. 4; ann. 1288, No. 14-16.--Rodulphii
Hist. Seraph. Relig. Lib. I. fol. 126_b_.--Potthast Regesta, No. 9386,
9388, 9762, 9766, 9993, 10052, 11245, 15304, 15330, 15069.
[267] MSS. Bib. Nat. Coll. Doat, XXI. 143; XXXII. 15.--Matt. Paris Hist.
Angl. ann. 1243 (p. 414).--Guill. Pod. Laur. c. 43.--Raynald. ann. 1238,
No. 51.--Harduin. Concil. VII. 1319.--Paramo de Orig. Inq. p.
244.--Wadding Annal. ann. 1238, No. 6, 7; ann. 1266, No. 8; ann. 1277,
No. 10; ann. 1291, No. 14.--Potthast No. 16132.--Sixti PP. IV. Bull.
_Sacri Prædicatorum_, 26 Jul. 1479.--Martene Thesaur. II. 346, 353, 359,
451.--Ripoll II. 82, 164, 617, 695.
The disturbances at Marseilles show the favoritism always manifested
towards the Mendicants. Two clerks, whom the Dominicans had procured to
depose falsely against the inquisitor, were punished with perpetual
prison, degradation, and inability to hold benefices; the bishop who had
listened to them was suspended from his office and jurisdiction, while
the friars who had suborned the perjury and caused the whole trouble
were let off with rendering humiliating apologies and transferred to
another province. (Martene ubi sup.)
There has been some dispute as to whether Frà Filippo Bonaccorso was a
Franciscan or a Dominican. Wadding (l. c.) prints a bull of 1277 in
which he is addressed as a Franciscan, but one in the Coll. Doat, T.
XXXII. fol. 155, characterizes him as a Dominican.
[268] Anon. Cartus. de Relig. Orig. c. 309 (Martene Ampl. Coll. VI.
68).--Lib. Conformitatum, Lib. I. Fruct. ii. fol. 16_b_.--MSS. Bib.
Bodleian., Arch. S. 130.
[269] S. Bernard. Serm. LXVI. in Cantic. c. 12.--Hist. Vizeliacens. Lib.
IV.--Concil. Remens. ann. 1137 c. 1.--Cæsar. Heisterb. Dial. Mirac. III.
16, 17; v. 18.--Guibert. Noviogent. de Vita sua Lib. III. c. 18.--Pet.
Cantor. Verb. abbrev. c. 78.--Innoc. PP. III. Regest. XIV. 138.--Alex.
PP. III. Epist. 74.--C. 8 Extra V. XXXIV.--C. Lateran. IV. c. 18.
[270] Chron. Laudunens. Canon, ann. 1204 (D. Bouquet, XVIII.
713).--Chronolog. Roberti Autissiodor. ann. 1201.--Innocent PP. III.
Regest. XIV. 15; XVI. 17.
[271] Martene Ampl. Collect. I. 776-8.--Alex. PP. III. Epist. 118, 122;
Varior. ad Alex. III. Epist. 16.--Hist. Vizeliacens. Lib. IV.--Guibert.
Noviogent. l. c.
[272] Hartzheim Concil. German. I. 76, 85-6.--Capit. Car. Mag. ann. 769,
c. 6; Capit. II. ann. 813, c. 1.--Gratiani Decret. P. I. Dist. X. I have
elsewhere considered in some detail the growth of the spiritual
jurisdiction of the Church, through the False Decretals, in the anarchy
accompanying the fall of the Carlovingian empire. See "Studies in Church
History," 2d Ed. pp. 81-7, 326-39.
[273] S. Bernardi de Consideratione Lib. I. c. 4.--Rogeri Bacon Op.
Tert. c. xxiv.--Pet. Blesens. Epist. 202.--Concil. Rotomag. ann. 1231 c.
48. For the rapidity with which the Church assimilated the Roman law see
the collection of decretals by Alexander III. _post Concil. Lateran_.
[274] Fournier, Les Officialités du moyen âge, Paris, 1880, pp. 256
sqq., 273-4.--Cap. 19, 21, §§ 1, 2, Extra v. 1.
[275] Fr. 13, Dig. I. (Ulpian.).--Allard, Histoire des Persecutions,
Paris, 1885, p. iii.--Capit. Car. Mag. I. ann. 802; III.. ann. 810; III.
ann. 812.--Capit. Ludov. Pii V., VI. ann. 819; ann. 823, c. 28; Capit.
Wormatiens. ann. 829.--Caroli Calvi Capit. apud Carisiacum ann. 857;
Edict. Pistens. ann. 864.--Carolomanni Capit. ann. 884.--Guillel.
Nangiac. Gest. S. Ludov. ann. 1255 (D. Bouquet, XX. 394, 400).--Ducange,
s. v. _Inquisitores_.--Les Olim, T. III. pp. 169, 181, 211, 231, 358,
471, 501, 522, 529, 616.--Assisæ de Clarendon § 1 (Stubbs's Select
Charters, p. 137, cf. p. 25).--Stubbs's Constitutional History, I.
99-100, 313, 530, 695-6.--Lib. Juris Civilis Veronæ c. 171 (Ed. 1728, p.
130).--Carta de Logu cap. xvi.(Ed. 1805, pp. 30-2).
[276] Reginon. de Eccles. Discip. Lib. II. c. 1-3.--Burchardi Decret.
Lib. I. c. 91-4.--Gratiani Decret. P. II. c. XXXV. Q. vi. c. 7.--C. 7
Extra II. xxi.--Matt. Paris ann. 1246 (Ed. 1644, p. 480).
[277] Lucii PP. III. Epist. 171.
[278] Concil. Avenionens. ann. 1209 c. 2.--Concil. Monspessulan. ann.
1215 c. 46.--Douais, Les sources de l'histoire de l'Inquisition (Revue
des Questions Historiques, 1 Oct. 1881, p. 401).--C. Lateran. IV. c. 2.
[279] Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1227 c. 14.--Lucæ Tudens. de altera Vita c.
19.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1234 c. 5.
[280] Potthast No. 7260.--Concil. Tolosan. ann. 1229 c. 1, 2.--Guill. de
Pod. Laur. c. 40.--Guill. Pelisso Chron. Ed. Molinier, p. 18.
[281] Concil. Arelatens. ann. 1234 c. 5.--Concil. Turonens. ann. 1239 c.
1.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246 c. 1.--Concil. Albiens. ann. 1254 c.
1.--Archives de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Coll. Doat, XXX.
250).--Vaissette, III. Pr. pp. 385-6.--Raynald Annal. ann. 1237, No.
32.--Archives de France, J. 430, No. 19-20.--Archivio di Firenze,
Riformagioni, Classe v. fol. 80.--Archives de l'Inq. de Carcassonne
(Doat, XXXI. 230).
[282] Lami, Antichità Toscane, pp. 484, 504, 524.--Muratori Antiq. Ital.
Diss. LX. (T. XII. p. 447).--D'Achery Spicileg. III. 588, 598.--Charvaz,
Origine dei Valdesi, Torino, 1838, App. No. xxii.--Isambert, Anc. Loix
Fran. I. 228.--Corio, Hist. Milanese, ann. 1228-9.--Hist. Diplom. Frid.
II. T. III. p. 466.
[283] De Lagrèze, La Navarre Française, I. xxi; II. 6.--Concil. Lateran.
IV. c. 3 (C. 13 Extra v. vii.).
[284] Hist. Diplom. Frid. II. T. II. pp. 4-6, 422; T. IV. pp. 6-8,
299-302; T. V. pp. 201, 279-80. The coronation-edict, which formed the
basis of all subsequent legislation against heresy, was drawn up by the
papal curia, and sent, a fortnight before the ceremony, to the Legate
Bishop of Tusculum, with orders to procure the imperial signature and
return it, so that it could be published under the emperor's name in the
church of St. Peter (Raynald. ann. 1220, No. 19.--Hist. Dipl. I. II.
880). Nothing could seem a plainer duty to an ecclesiastic of the time
than that the Church should stimulate the temporal ruler to the sharpest
persecution of heresy.
It was doubtless the outlawry of heretics pronounced by the edicts of
Frederic which enabled the Inquisition to establish the settled
principle that the heretic could be captured and despoiled at any time
and by any person, and that the spoiler could retain his goods--provided
always that he was not an official of the Holy Office (Tract. de
Inquisitione, Doat, XXXVI.).
[285] Hist. Diplom. Frid. II. T. II. p. 7.--Post Libb. Feudorum.--Post
constt. iv. xix. Cod. I. v.--Innoc. PP. IV. Bull. _Cum adversus_, 1243,
1252, 1254; Bull. _Orthodoxœ_, 27 Apr., 14 Maii, 1252.--Alex. PP. IV.
Bull. _Cum adversus_, 1258.--Ejusd. Bull. _Cupientes_, 1260.--Clement.
PP. IV. Bull. _Cum adversus_, 1265.--Wadding. Annal. Minor. ann. 1261,
No. 3; ann. 1289, No. 20.--Urbani PP. IV. Bull. _Licet ex omnibus_,
1262, § 12.--Epistt. Sæculi XIII. No. 191 (Monument. Hist.
German.).--Eymerici Direct. Inquis. Ed. Pegnæ, 1607, p. 392.--Innoc. PP.
IV. Bull. _Ad aures_, 2 Apr. 1253.--Sclopis, Antica Legislazione del
Piemonte, p. 440.--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquisit. s.v. _Executio_,
No. 3.--Archivio di Firenze, Riformagioni, Classe II. Distinz. 1, No.
14.--Potthast No. 7672.--C. 2 in Septimo, v. 3.
[286] Isambert, Anc. Loix Fran. I. 230-33; III. 126.--Harduin. Concil.
VII. 203-8--Guill. de. Pod. Laur. c. 42.--Établissements, Liv. I. ch.
85, 123.--Livres de Jostice et de Plet, Liv. I. Tit. iii. § 7.
[287] Archives Nat. de France, J. 426, No. 4.--Martene Ampliss. Collect.
VII. 123-4.--Bernard. Guidon. Practica P. IV. (Coll. Doat, XXX.).--Clem.
PP. IV. Bull. _Præ cunctis_, 23 Feb. 1266.
In 1229 the Council of Toulouse had already prohibited all laymen from
possessing any of the Scriptures, even in Latin (Concil. Tolosan. ann.
1229, c. 14).
[288] Raynald. Annal. ann. 1231, No. 13, 18.--Ripoll I. 38.--Ricobaldi
Ferrar. Hist. Impp. ann. 1234.--Paramo de Orig. Offic. S. Inq. p.
177.--Richardi di S. Germano Chron. ann. 1231.--C. 15 Extra v. vii. (In
this canon "noluerint" is evidently an error for "voluerint").--Hartzheim
Concil. German. III. 540.
[289] Constit. Sicular. Lib. I. Tit. 1.--Hist. Diplom. Frid. II. T. IV.
pp. 435, 444.--Rich. de S. Germano Chron. ann. 1233.--Giannone, Istoria
Civile di Napoli, Lib. XVII. c. 6; XIX. 5.
[290] Lami, Antichità Toscane, pp. 493-4, 509-10, 546.
[291] Lami op. cit. 511, 519-22, 528, 531, 543-4, 546-7, 554, 557,
559.--Archiv. di Firenze. Prov. S. Maria Novella 1227, Giugn. 20; 1229,
Giugn. 24; 1235, Agost. 23.--Ughelli, Italia Sacra, III. 146-7.--Ripoll
I. 69, 71.
[292] Ripoll I. 45, 47.--C. 8 § 8, Sexto v. 2.--Gregor. PP. XI. Bull.
_Ille humani generis; Licet ad capiendos_.--Potthast No. 9143, 9152,
9235.--Arch, de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXI. 21, 25).
[293] Potthast No. 9263; cf. No. 9386, 9388.--Guill. de Pod. Laur. c.
43.--Coll. Doat, XXI. 143, 153.--Ripoll I. 66.
Guillem Arnaud generally qualifies himself as acting under commission
from the legate, but sometimes as appointed by the Dominican provincial.
In several sentences on the Seigneurs de Niort, in February and March,
1236, he acts with the Archdeacon of Carcassonne, both under legatine
authority. As yet there was evidently no settled organization (Coll.
Doat, XXI. 160, 163, 165, 166).
[294] Vaissette, III. Pr. 364, 370-1.--Concil. Tolosan. ann.
1229.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1234.--Concil. Arelatens. ann.
1234.--Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244.--Coll. Doat, XXI. 143, 155, 158.
[295] Vaissette, III. 452.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246.--Berger, Les
Registres d'Innocent IV. No. 2043, 3867, 3868.--Arch. de l'Inq. de
Carcass. (Doat, XXXI. 68, 74, 75, 77, 80, 152, 182).--Potthast No.
12744, 15805.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 9992.--Concil. Valentin.
ann. 1248 c. 10.--Baluz. Conc. Narbonn. App. p. 100.
The system devised by the councils of Languedoc became generally
current. In 1248 Innocent IV. ordered the Archbishop and Inquisitor of
Narbonne to send a copy of their rules of procedure to the Provincial of
Spain and Raymond of Pennaforte, to be followed in the Peninsula (Baluz.
et Mansi I. 208); and their canons are frequently cited in the manuals
of the mediæval Inquisition.
[296] Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcass. (Doat.
XXVII. 7, 156; XXX. 107-9; XXXI. 149, 180, 216).--Vaissette, III. Pr.
479, 496-7.--Martene Thesaur. I. 1045.--Ripoll I. 194.--Innoc. PP. IV.
Bull. _Licet ex omnibus_, 30 Mai, 1254.--Concil. Albiens. ann. 1254 c.
24.--Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Licet ex omnibus_, 20 Jan. 1257; Ejusd. Bull.
_Ad capiendum_, ann. 1257.--Clement. PP. IV. Bull. _Licet ex omnibus_,
17 Sept. 1265.--Gregor. PP. X. Bull. _Præ cunctis mentis_, 20 Apr.
1273.--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. _passim_.--C. 17 Sexto v.
2.--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. p. 580.--Albert. Repert. Inq. s. v.
_Episcopus_.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. XV.--Isambert, II. 747.--Pegnæ
Comment, in Eymeric. p. 578.
[297] Wadding. Annal. Minorum ann. 1288, No. 17.--C. 1 Extrav. Commun.
v. iii.
[298] Innoc. PP. IV. Bull. _Ad extirpanda_, ann. 1252 (Mag. Bull. Roman.
I. 91).--Ejusd. Bull. _Orthodoxæ_, 1252 (Ripoll I. 208, cf. VII.
28).--Ejusd. Bull. _Ut commissum_, 1254 (Ibid. I. 250).--Ejusd. Bull.
_Volentes_, 1254 (Ib. I. 251).--Ejusd. Bull. _Cum venerabilis_, 1253
(Mag. Bull. Roman. I. 93-4).--Ejusd. Bull. _Cum in constitutionibus_,
1254 (Pegnæ App. p. 19).--Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Cum secundum_, 1255 (M.
B. R. I. 106).--Ejusd. Bull. _Exortis in agro_, 1256 (Pegnæ App. p.
20).--Ejusd. Bull. _Exortis in agris_, 1256 (Ripoll I. 297).--Ejusd.
Bull. _Delecti filii_, 1256 (Ripoll I. 312).--Ejusd. Bull. _Cum vos_,
1256 (Ripoll I. 314).--Ejusd. Bull. _Fœlicis recordationis_, 1257 (M. B.
R. I. 106).--Ejusd. Bull. _Implacida_, 1257 (M. B. R. I. 113).--Ejusd.
Bull. _Implacida_, 1258 (Potthast No. 17302).--Ejusd. Bull. _Ad
extirpanda_, 1259 (Pegnæ App. p. 30).--Clement. PP. IV. Bull. _Ad
extirpanda_, 1265 (M. B. R. I. 148-51).--Ejusd. Bull. _Ad extirpanda_,
1266 (Pegnæ App. p. 43).--Archivio di Firenze, Riformagioni, Classe II.
Distinzione, 1, No. 14.
About 1330 Bernard Gui (Practica P. IV.--Coll. Doat, XXX.) quotes the
provisions of the bull as still among the privileges of the Italian
inquisitors.
[299] Bernard. Guidon. Gravamina (Coll. Doat, XXX. 90 sqq.).--Concil.
Narbonn. ann. 1229 c. 1, 2.--Concil. Albiens. ann. 1254 c. 3, 5,
8.--Archives de l'Inq. de Carcass. (Doat, XXX. 110-11, 127; XXXI.
250).--Vaissette, III. Pr. 528-9, 536.--Archivio di Napoli, Registro 6,
Lett. D. fol. 180.--Eymerici Direct. Inquis. pp. 390-1, 560-1.--Bernardi
Guidon. Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).
It was sometimes a work of some labor and time for the inquisitor to
obtain his royal letters-patent. When, in 1269, the Franciscans Bertrand
de Roche and Ponce des Rives were appointed inquisitors of Forcalquier,
they were obliged to travel to Palermo, where Charles of Anjou happened
to be residing, and whence he gave them letters, August 4, 1269, to his
seneschal and other officials.--Archivio di Napoli, Registro 6, Lett. D,
fol. 180.--Cf. Regist. 20, Lett. B, fol. 91.
[300] Mag. Bull. Roman. I. 118.--C. 9 Sexto v. 1.--Zanchini Tract, de
Hæret. c. xxxi.--Cf. Eymerici Direct. Inq. p. 561.--Bernardi Comens.
Lucerna Inquisit. s. v. _Statutum_.
[301] Bernard. Guidon. Gravam. (Doat, XXX. 107-9).--Alex. PP. IV. Bull.
_Cupientes_, 15 Apr. 1255; Ejusd. Bull. _Exortis in agro_, 15 Mar. 1256.
[302] Pegnæ Append. ad Eymeric. pp. 37-8.--Zanchini Tract, de Hæret. c.
xxxvii.
[303] Arch. Nat. de France, J. 431, No. 23.--Innoc. PP. IV. Bull.
_Devotionis_, 2 Mai. 1245 (Coll. Doat, XXXI. 70).--Berger, Registres
d'Innoc. IV. No. 1963.--Ripoll I. 132; II. 594, 610, 644.--Alex. PP. IV.
Bull. _Ut negotium_, 5 Mart. 1261.--Urbani PP. IV. Bull. _Ut negotium_,
4 Aug. 1262.--Mag. Bull. Roman. I. 116, 120, 126, 139, 267, 420.--C. 10
Sexto v. 2.--Potthast No. 13057, 18389, 18419, 19559.--Bern. Guidon.
Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).--Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. pp. 136, 137.
It is curious that the question whether the commission of an inquisitor
did not expire with the death of the appointing pope was still
considered in doubt as late as 1290, when it was settled in favor of
permanence by Nicholas IV. in the bull _Ne aliqui_ (Potthast No. 23302).
In the earlier period Alexander IV. shortly after his accession, in
1255, considered it necessary to renew the commission of even so
distinguished an inquisitor as Rainerio Saccone (Ripoll I. 275).
[304] Coll. Doat, XXXI. 73; XXXII. 15, 105.--Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Odore
suavi_, 13 Mai. 1256; Ejusd. Bull. _Catholicæ fidei_, 15 Jul. 1257;
Ejusd. Bull. _Quod super nonnullis_, 9 Dec. 1257; Ejusd. Bull.
_Meminimus_, 13 Apr. 1258.--Clem. PP. IV. Bull. _Licet ex omnibus_, 30
Sept. 1265.--C. 1, 2, Clementin. v. 2.--Bern. Guidon. Gravam. (Doat,
XXX. 114).
[305] Wadding, ann. 1323, No. 17; ann. 1327, No. 5; ann. 1339, No. 1;
ann. 1347, No. 10, 11; ann. 1375, No. 30; ann. 1432, No. 10, 11; ann.
1474, No. 17-19.--Archivio di Firenze, Prov. del Convento di S. Croce 26
Ott. 1439.--Ripoll II. 324, 421, 570-1.--Sixti PP. IV. Bull. _Sacri_, 16
Jul. 1479, § 11.
[306] Eymeric. pp. 540-9, 553.--Archivio di Firenze, Prov. del. Conv.
di. S. Croce, 16 Apr. 1418.
[307] Eymerici Direct. Inquis. p. 559.--Greg. PP. X. Bull. 20 Apr. 1273
(Martene Thes. V. 1821).--Zanchini de Hæret. c. viii.--Johann. PP. XXII,
Bull. _Ex parte vestra_, 3 Jul. 1322 (Wadding. III. 291).--C. 16 Sexto
V. 2.--C. 3 Extrav. Commun. V. 3.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat,
XXVII. 204).
[308] Pegnæ App. ad. Eymeric. pp. 66-7.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcass.
(Doat, XXXII. 143, 147).--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. pp. 537-8.--Albert.
Repert. Inq. Ed. 1494, s.v. _Delegatus_.--Franz Ehrle, Archiv für
Litteratur-u. Kirchengeschichte, 1886, p. 158.--Lami, Antichità Toscane,
p. 583.--Archivio di Firenze, Riformagioni, Classe V. No. 129, fol. 46,
62-70.--Martene Ampl. Collect. VI. 344.
[309] MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 4270, fol. 146. In the trial of
Friar Bernard Délicieux, in 1319, it was held that he was guilty of
"impeding" the Inquisition because, among other acts, he had been
concerned in enlarging somewhat the powers of the agents appointed by
the city of Albi to prosecute their appeal to Pope Clement V. against
their bishop and inquisitor (Ib. fol. 165).
[310] Concil. Turonens. ann. 1239 c. 1.--C. Biterrens. ann. 1246 c.
1.--C. Albiens. ann. 1254 c. 1, 21.--C. Insulan. ann. 1251 c. 2.--Tract.
de Paup. de Lugduno (Martene Thesaur. V. 1793).
[311] Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcass. (Doat, XXXV. 85, 184).--Ripoll II.
299, 311; III. 135.
[312] D'Argentré, Collect. Judic. I. I. 185, 234.--Harduin. Concil. VII.
1065-8, 1864.--Capgrave's Chronicle, ann. 1286.--Nic. Trivetti Chron.
ann. 1222 (D'Achery III. 188).--Bracton. Lib. III. Tit. ii. cap. 9, §
2.--Myrror of Justice, cap. I. § 4, cap. II. § 22; cap. IV. § 14.--5
Rich. II. c. 5.--Rymer's Fœdera, VII. 363, 447, 458.--2 Henr. IV. c.
15.--Concil. Oxoniens. ann. 1408 c. 13.--2 Henr. V. c. 7.--25 Henr.
VIII. c. 14.--1 Edw. VI. c. 12, § 3.--1 Eliz. c. 1, § 15.--29 Car. II.
c. 9.--London Athenæum, May 31, 1873; Nov. 29, 1884.
[313] Wright, Proceedings against Dame Alice Kyteler, Camden Soc.
1843.--Wadding. Annal. ann. 1317, No. 56; ann. 1335, No. 5, 6.--Theiner
Monument. Hibern. et Scotor. No. 531-2, p. 269; No. 570-1, p. 286; No.
599, p. 299.
[314] Wadding. Annal. ann. 1421, No. 1.
[315] Paramo, pp. 252-3.--Monteiro, Historia da Santo Inquisição, P. I.
Lib. I. c. 59.--Ripoll II. 299, 310; III. 9, 110.
[316] Wadding, ann. 1290, No. 2; ann. 1375, No. 27, 28.
It is worthy of note that in the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem heresy seems
to have been justiciable by the lay court, and the heretic knight was
entitled to be judged by his peers.--Assises de Jerusalem, Haute Court,
c. 318 (Ed. Kausler, Stuttgart, 1838, p. 367-8).
[317] Trésor des Chartes du Roi en Carcassonne (Doat, XXI. 34-49).--Lib.
Confess. Inquis. Albiæ (MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, 11847).--Archives
Nat. de France, J. 431, No. 22-29.--Vaissette, III. 446.--Coll. Doat,
XXVII. 161.--Molinier, L'Inquisition dans le midi de la France, Paris,
1880, pp. 275-6.
[318] Mag. Bull. Roman. I. 122.--Wadding. Annal. ann. 1265, No.
3.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Coll. Doat, XXXII. 32).--Martene
Thesaur. V. 1818--C. 17 Sexto v. 2.--C. 1 Extrav. Comm. v. 3.--Eymeric.
Direct. Inquis. pp. 539, 580-1.--C. 1, § 1, Clement, v. 3.
Urban's bull of 1262 is virtually the same as his "_Præ cunctis_" of
1264, printed by Boutaric, Saint-Louis et Alph. de Toulouse, pp. 443
sqq.
[319] Vaissette, III. 515.--Archidiac. Gloss. sup. c. 17, 20 Sexto v.
2.--Harduin. VII. 1017-19.--C. 17, 19 Sexto v. 2.--C. 1, Clement, v.
3.--Concil. Melodun. ann. 1300, No. 4.--Bernard. Guidon. Hist. Conv.
Albiens. (Bouquet, XXI. 767).--Albert. Repert. Inquis. s.v.
_Episcopus_.--Guid. Fulcod. Quæst. I.--Ripoll I. 512; VII. 53.--Joann.
Andreæ Gloss, sup. c. 13 § 8 Extra, v. vii.--Eymeric. Direct. Inquis.
pp. 626, 637, 650.--C. 1 Extrav. commun. v. 3.--Bernard. Guidon.
Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquis. s.v.
_Bona hæreticorum_.
As early as 1257 we find that the Inquisition had already extended its
jurisdiction over usury as heresy (Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Quod super
nonnullis_ [Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcass. Doat, XXXI. 244]--a bull which
was repeatedly reissued. See Raynald. Annal. ann. 1258, No. 23; Potthast
Regesta 17745, 18396; Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. Ed. Pegnæ, p. 133. Cf. c.
8 § 5 Sexto v. 2). The Council of Lyons, in 1274 (can. 26, 27), in
treating of usury, alludes only to its punishment by the Ordinaries. The
Council of Vienne, in 1311, directed inquisitors to prosecute those who
maintained that usury is not sinful (c. 1 § 2 Clementin. v. 5); but
Eymerich (Direct. Inquis. p. 106) deprecates attention to such matters
as an interference with the real business of the Inquisition. Zanghino
lays down the rule that a man may be a public usurer, or blasphemer, or
fornicator without being a heretic, but if he, in addition, manifests
contempt for religion by not frequenting divine service, receiving the
sacrament, observing the fasts and other ordinances of the Church, he
becomes suspect of heresy, and can be prosecuted by the inquisitors
(Zanchini Tract. de Hæres. c. XXXV.).
We shall see that usury became a very profitable subject of exploitation
by the Inquisition when the diminution of heresy deprived it of its
legitimate field of action. As the offence was one cognizant by the
secular courts (see Vaissette, IV. 164), there was really no excuse for
the exercise of spiritual jurisdiction over it.
[320] Coll. Doat, XXVII. 7; XXXIV. 87.--Concil. Bergamens. ann. 1311,
Rubr. 1.--MSS. Bib. Nat. Coll. Moreau. 1274, fol. 72.--Lib. Sententt.
Inq. Tolosan, pp. 268, 282, 351-2.
[321] W. Preger, Meister Eckart und die Inquisition, München,
1869.--Denifle, Archiv für Litteratur-und Kirchengeschichte, 1886, pp.
616, 640.--Raynald. ann. 1329, No. 70-2.--Gustav Schmidt, Päbstliche
Urkunden und Regesten, Halle, 1886, p. 223.--Cf. Eymeric. Direct.
Inquis. pp. 453 sqq.
The power of the Inquisition over the specially exempted orders of the
Mendicants varied at times. Jurisdiction was conferred by Innocent IV.,
in 1254, by the bull _Ne comissum vobis_ (Ripoll I. 252). About two
hundred years later, Pius II. placed the Franciscans under the
jurisdiction of their own minister-general. In 1479 Sixtus IV., by the
golden bull _Sacri prædicatorum_, § 12, forbade all inquisitors from
prosecuting members of the other Order (Mag. Bull. Roman. I. 420). Soon
afterwards Innocent VIII. prohibited all inquisitors from trying
Franciscan friars; but, with the rise of Lutheranism, this became
inexpedient, and in 1530 Clement VII., in the bull _Cum sicut_, § 2,
removed all exemptions, and again made all justiciable by the
Inquisition (Mag. Bull. Rom. I. 681), which was repeated by Pius IV. in
the bull _Pastoris æterni_, in 1562 (Eymeric. Direct. Inq. Append. p.
127; Pegnæ Comment. p. 557).
Whether a bishop could proceed against an inquisitor for heresy was a
debatable question, and one probably never practically tested. Eymerich
holds that he could not, but must refer the matter to the pope; but
Pegna, in his commentaries, quotes good authorities to the contrary
(Eymeric. op. cit. pp. 558-9).
[322] Concil. Parisiens, ann. 1350 c. 3, 4.--Arch, de l'Inq. de
Carcassonne (Doat, XXXV. 132).--Archives de l'Évêché d'Albi (Doat, XXXV.
187).--Eymerici Direct. Inquis. p. 529.--Sprengeri Mall. Maleficar. P.
III. Q. 1.--Ripoll II. 311, 324, 351.--Cornel. Agrippæ de Vanitate
Scientiarum, cap. XCVI. Yet a bull of Nicholas V. to the inquisitor of
France in 1451 seems to render him independent of episcopal co-operation
(Ripoll III. 301).
[323] C. 17 Sexto v. 2.--See the "Modus examinandi hæreticos" printed by
Gretser (Mag. Bib. Patrum XIII. 341) prepared for a German episcopal
Inquisition.
[324] Coll. Doat, XXXVII. 7; XXIX. 5.
[325] Coll. Doat, XXX. 132; XXXII. 155.
[326] Coll. Doat, XXXV. 18.
[327] Bern. Guidon. Practica P. IV. _ad finem_ (Doat, XXX.). This sketch
of the model inquisitor seems to have been a favorite. I find it in
another MS. _Tractatus de Inquisitione_ (Doat, XXXVI.).
[328] Gregor. PP. IX. Bull. _Ille humani generis_, 20 Mai. 1236
(Eymeric. App. p. 3).--Vaissette, III. 410-11.--Guill. Pod. Laur. c.
43.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append, c. 1.--Arch. de l'Inq. de
Carcassonne (Doat, XXXI. 5).--Raynald. ann. 1243, No. 31.--Innoc. PP.
IV. Bull. _Quia sicut_, 19 Nov. 1247 (Potthast 12766.--Doat, XXXI.
112).--Ejusd. Bull. _Ad extirpanda_ § 31.--Anon. Passaviens. (Mag. Bib.
Pat. XIII. 308).--Doctrina de modo procedendi (Martene Thesaur. V.
1809-11).--Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Cupientes_, 4 Mart. 1260 (Mag. Bull.
Rom. I. 119).--Ripoll I. 128.--Guill. Pelisso Chron. Ed. Molinier, p.
27.--Bernardi Guidon. Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).--Eymeric. Direct.
Inquis. pp. 407-9.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 14930, fol. 220.
[329] Guill. Pod. Laur. c. 43.--Vaissette, III. 402, 403, 404; Pr.
386.--Raynald. ann. 1243, No. 31.--Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c.
1.--Concil, Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append. c. 2, 5.--Arch. de l'Inq. de
Carc. circa 1245 (Doat, XXXI. 5).--Guid. Fulcod. Quæst. IT.--Bern.
Guidon. Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).--Eymerici Direct. Inquis. pp.
407-9.--Practica super Inquisit. (MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No.
14930, fol. 227-8).--Archivio Storico Italiano, 1865, No. 38, pp. 16-17.
[330] B. Guidon, loc. cit--Ripoll I. 46.
[331] C. 2 Clement, v. iii.--Bern. Guidon Gravam. (Doat, XXX. 117,
128).--Ripoll II. 610.--In 1431 Eugenius IV. dispensed with the rule in
the case of an inquisitor appointed in his thirty-sixth year (Ripoll
III. 9).
[332] Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246 c. 4.--Molinier, pp. 129, 131,
281-2.--Hauréau, Bernard Délicieux, p. 20.--Wadding. Annal. ann. 1261,
No. 2.--Urbani PP. IV. Bull. _Ne catholicæ fidei_, 26 Oct.
1262.--Bernardi Guidonis Practica, P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).--Eymerici
Direct. Inq. p. 557, 577.--Archivio di Napoli, MSS. Chioccarello T.
VIII.; Ibid. Registro 6, Lett. D. f. 35.
[333] C. 11, 19, 20 Extra I. 29.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246 c.
3.--Coll. Doat, XXV. 230.--Urbani PP. IV. Bull. _Licet ex omnibus_, 20
Mart. 1262.--Guid. Fulcod. Quæst. IV.--C. 11 Sexto v. 2.--C. 2 Clement.
v. 3.--Bernardi Guidon. Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).--Eymerici Direct,
pp. 403-6.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. xxx.
It is not easy to understand why, in 1276, the Lombard Inquisitors Frà
Niccolò da Cremona and Frà Daniele Giussano assembled experts in
Piacenza to determine whether they had power to appoint delegates, when
the question was decided in the negative (Campi, Dell' Historia
Ecclesiastica di Piacenza, P. II. p. 308-9).
[334] Archives de l'Évêché d'Albi (Doat, XXXV. 136, 187).--Zanchini
Tract. de Hæret. c. XV.--Eymerici Direct. p. 407.
[335] Coll. Doat, XXII. 237 sqq.--Innoc. PP. IV. Bull. _Licet ex
omnibus_, 30 Mai. 1254.--Bernardi Guidon. Practica P. IV. (Doat,
XXX.).--Clement PP. IV. Bull. _Prœ cunctis_, 23 Feb. 1266.--C. 11, § 1
Sexto v. 2.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246 c. 4.--Alex. PP. IV. Bull.
_Prœ cunctis_, 9 Nov. 1256.--Archives de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat,
XXXIV. 11).--Molinier, L'Inquis. dans le midi de la France, pp. 219,
287.--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. p. 426.
[336] Bern. Guidon. Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).--Urbani PP. IV. Bull.
_Licet_ _ex omnibus_, ann. 1263, §§ 6, 7, 8 (Mag. Bull. Roman. I.
122).--C. 1 § 3 Clement v. 3.--Coll. Doat, XXX. 109-10.--Eymeric.
Direct. Inq. p. 550.
The peculiar importance attached to the notariate and the limitations
imposed on its membership are seen in the papal privileges issued for
the appointment of notaries. Thus there is one of November 27, 1295, by
Boniface VIII. to the Archbishop of Lyons authorizing him to create
five; one of January 28, 1296, to the Bishop of Arras to create three,
and one of January 22, 1296, to the Bishop of Amiens to create two.
(Thomas, Registres de Boniface VIII., I. No. 640 _bis_, 660, 678 _bis_.)
In 1286 the Provincial of France complained to Honorius IV. of the
scarcity of notaries in that kingdom, and was authorized to create two
(Ripoll II. 16).
[337] Guill. Pelisso Chron. Ed. Molinier p. 28.--Concil. Narbonn. ann.
1244 c. 6.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246 c. 31, 37.--Concil. Albiens.
ann. 1254 c. 21.--Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Licet vobis_, 7 Dec. 1255; Ejusd.
Bull. _Prœ cunctis_, 9 Nov. 1255, 13 Dec. 1255.--Lib. Sentt. Inq.
Tolosan. pp. 198-9.--Coll. Doat, XXXIV. 104.
[338] Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcass. (Doat, XXXIV. 123).--Ripoll I. 356,
396.--Vaissette, III. 406; Pr. 467.--Coll. Doat, XXXI. 105,
149.--Molinier, p. 35.--Bern. Guidon. Hist. Conv. Carcass, (D. Bouquet,
XXI. 743).--Lib. Sententt. Inquis. Tolos. p. 232.
[339] Paramo de Orig. Offic. S. Inquis. p. 102.--Pegnæ Comment, in
Eymeric. p. 584.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXI. 70; XXXII.
143).
[340] Statuta Pistoriensia, c. 109 (Zachariæ Anect. Med. Ævi, p.
23).--Lib. Juris civilis Veronæ, ann. 1228, c. 104, 183 (Veronæ,
1728).--Statut. criminal. Communis Bononiæ, Ed. 1525, fol. 36 (cf.
Barbarano de' Mironi, Hist. Eccles. di Vicenza, II. 69).--Antiqua Ducum
Mediolan. Decreta (Ed. 1654, p. 95).--Statuta Criminalia Mediolani,
Bergomi, 1594, cap. 127.--Actes du Parl. de Paris, I. 257.--Vaissette,
Éd. Privat, X. Pr. 610.
[341] Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcass. (Doat, XXXI. 81).--Archivio di Napoli,
MSS. Chioccarello T. VIII.; Registro 3, Lett. A, fol. 64; Registro 6,
Lett. D, fol. 35.--Coll. Doat, XXX. 119-20.--C. 2 Clement, v.
3.--Johann. PP. XXII. Bull. _Exegit ordinis_, 2 Mai. 1321.--Archivio di
Firenze, Riformagioni, Archiv. Diplom. XXVII., LXXVIII.-IX.; Riform.
Classe. II. Distinz. 1, No. 14.--Villani, Cronica, Lib. XII. c.
58.--Archivio di Venezia, Misti, Cons. X. Vol. XIII. p. 192; Vol. XIV.
p. 29.--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. pp. 374-5.--Bernard. Guidonis Practica P.
IV. (Doat, XXX.).--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. xxxi.--Urbani PP. IV.
Bull. _Licet ex omnibus_, 1262 (Mag. Bull. Rom. I. 123).--Bernardi
Comens. Lucerna Inquisit. s.v. _Inquisitores_, No. 14.
For further authorities on the subject, see Farinacii de Hæresi Quæst.
182, No. 89-94.
[342] Concil. Albiens. ann. 1254 c. 7.--Eymeric. Direct. Inquis.
392-402.--Gloss. Hostiens. super. Cap _Excommunicamus_, §
_Moneamus_.--Gloss. Joan. Andreæ sup. eod. loc.--Lib. Sententt. Inq.
Tolosan. pp. 1, 7, 36, 39, 292.--Archives de l'Inq. de Carcassonne
(Doat, XXVII. 118).--Isambert, Anc. Loix Françaises, IV. 364-5.--Ogniben
Andrea, I Guglielmiti del Secolo XIII., Perugia, 1867, p. 111.--Alex.
PP. IV. Bull. _Quæsivistis_, 28 Mai. 1260.
As in France the office of bailli was a purchasable one, while the
incumbent was forbidden to sell it, it is evident that he would be loath
to endanger its tenure by risking disobedience to inquisitorial
demands.--Statuta Ludov. IX. ann. 1254, c. xxv.-vii. (Vaissette, Éd.
Privat, VIII. 1349).
[343] Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. 5.--Coll. Doat, XXI. 226, 308.--Bern.
Guidon. Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).--Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c.
8.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246 c. 34.--Practica super Inquisit. (MSS.
Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 14930, fol. 223-4).
[344] C. 1, § 1, Clement v. 3.--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. p. 580.--Coll.
Doat, XXXI. 57.--Bernardi Guidon. Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).--Coll.
Doat, XXX. 104.--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. passim, especially pp.
208-10.--Ibid. p. 300.--Archivio Storico Italiano, No. 38, p. 26
sqq.--Curiosità di Storia Subalpina, 1874, p. 215.
[345] Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Cupientes_, 15 Apr. 1255.--Ejusd. Bull. _Præ
cunctis_, 9 Nov. 1256.--Urbani PP. IV. Bull. _Licet ex omnibus_, § 10,
1262 (Mag. Bull. Rom. I. 122).--Bern. Guidon. Practica P. IV. (Doat,
XXX.).--Zanchini de Hæret. c. XV.--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquisitor,
s. v. _Advocatus_.--Coll. Doat, XXI. 143; XXVII. 156-62, 232; XXXI.
139.--Doctrina de modo procedendi (Martene Thesaur. V. 1795).--Tractatus
de Inquis. (Doat, XXXVI.).--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 14930, fol.
205.
[346] Coll. Doat, XXVII. 118, 140, 156, 162.
[347] Coll. Doat, XXVII. 118, 131, 133.--Eymerici Direct. Inq. p.
630.--Bernard. Comens. Lucerna Inquisitor. s. v. _Advocatus_.
[348] Lami, Antichità Toscane, pp. 557-9.--Coll. Doat, XXXI. 139.--MSS.
Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 9992.--Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Prœ cunctis_, §
15, 9 Nov. 1256.
[349] Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. pp. 503-12.--Doctrina de modo Procedendi
(Martene Thesaur. V. 1795-6).--Tract. de Paup. de Lugduno (Ib.
1792).--Lib. Sententt. Inquis. Tolosan. pp. 1, 6, 39, 98.
[350] Lib. Sententt. Inquis. Tolosan. pp. 37, 39-93, 99-175, 178-9.
[351] Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. pp. 252-4.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds
latin, 11847 _ad finem_.--Arch. de l'Inquis. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXI.
83, 94-5).--Guid. Fulcod. Quæst. v.--Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Cupientes_, 4
Mart. 1260.--Urbani PP. IV. Bull. _Licet ex omnibus_, § 11,
1262.--Ejusd. Bull. _Prœ cunctis_, 2 Aug. 1264.--C. 2 Sexto v. 2.--Bern.
Guidon Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c.
viii.--Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c. 20.--Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. pp.
461-5.
[352] Archivio di Napoli, Registro 3, Lett. A, fol. 64.--Wadding. ann.
1359, No. 1-3.
[353] Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. pp. 350-1.
[354] Ripoll I. 285.
[355] Ripoll I. 434.--Pegnæ Comment. in Eymeric. pp. 406-7.--Wadding.
Annal. Regest. Nich. PP. III. No. 10.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne
(Doat, XXXII. 101).--Raynald. ann. 1278, No. 78.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds
latin, No. 14930, fol. 218.
[356] Paramo de Orig. Offic. S. Inquis. pp. 124-5.--Wadding. Annal. ann.
1294, No. 1.--Milman, Latin Christianity, IV. 487.
[357] Arch. de l'Inquis. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXI. 5, 103).--Zanchini
Tract. de Hæret. c. ix.
In the Cismontane Inquisition the preliminary oath seems only to pledge
the accused to tell the truth as to himself and others (Eymeric. p.
421). In Italy, however, it was the more elaborate affair described in
the text. In the trials of the Guglielmites at Milan, in 1300, the
accused were, in addition, made to impose on themselves, in case of
violating its pledges, a forfeit varying from ten to fifty imperial
lire, to secure which they pledged to the inquisitor all their property,
real and personal, and renounced all legal defence. Moreover, this
pecuniary penalty was not to relieve them from the canonical punishment
attendant upon the non-fulfilment of the obligations assumed. This, I
presume, was the official formula customary in the Lombard
Inquisition.--Ogniben Andrea, I Guglielmiti del Secolo XIII., Perugia,
1867, pp. 5-6, 13, 27, 35, 37, etc.
In some witch trials of 1474 in Piedmont the oath to tell the truth was
enforced with excommunication and "_tratti di corde_," or infliction of
the torture known as the strappado, varying from ten to twenty-five
times--and also with pecuniary forfeits.--P. Vayra (Curiosità di Storia
Subalpina, 1875, pp. 682, 693).
[358] Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. ii.
[359] Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. pp. 413-17.--Archivio di Napoli, Reg.
138, Lett. F, fol. 105.
To appreciate the contrast between the processes of the Inquisition and
of the secular courts, it will suffice to allude to the practice of the
latter in Milan in the first half of the fourteenth century. An accuser
bringing a criminal action was obliged to inscribe himself and to
furnish ample security that in case of failure he would undergo the
fitting penalty and indemnify the accused for all expenses; in default
of security he was to remain in jail until the end of the trial. The
judge was, moreover, bound to render his decision within three months.
If the judge proceeded by inquisition he was obliged to give the accused
notice in advance. The latter was entitled to counsel and to have the
names and testimony of the witnesses communicated to him, and the judge
was required, under a penalty of fifty lire, to complete the matter
within thirty days.--Statuta Criminalia Mediolani, e tenebris in lucem
edita, Bergami, 1594, c. 1-3, 153.
It is true that, under the influence of the Inquisition, the lay courts
outgrew these wholesome provisions against injustice, but meanwhile it
is important to bear them in mind when considering the secrecy, the
delays, and the practical denial of justice in every way which
characterized the proceedings against heretics. The gradual
demoralization of the secular courts under these influences was a
subject of complaint. In 1329 the consuls of Béziers represented to
Philippe de Valois that his judges were neglecting to take from accusers
proper security to indemnify the accused in case of the failure of the
prosecution, and the king promptly ordered the abuse to be
corrected.--Vaissette, Éd. Privat, X. Pr. 687.
[360] Doctrina de modo procedendi (Martene Thesaur. V. 1805).--Molinier,
L'Inquisition dans le midi de la France, pp. 186-7.
[361] Concil. Tolosan. ann. 1229 c. 10.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1244 c.
31.--Concil. Albiens. ann. 1254 c. 5.--Modus examinandi hæreticos (Mag.
Bib. Patrum XIII. 341).--Joan. Andreæ Gloss. sup. c. 13 Sexto v.
2.--Pegnæ Comment. in Eymeric. p. 490.--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquis.
s. vv. _Minor, Torturœ_ No. 33.
[362] C. 8 Extra II. 14.--Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c. 19.--Concil.
Biterrens. ann. 1246 c. 8; Append. c. 14.--Guid. Fulcod. Quæst.
VI.--Coll. Doat, XXI. 143.--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. pp. 382, 495,
528-31.--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. pp. 175, 367-74.--Zanchini Tract.
de Hæret. c. ii., viii., ix.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 14930,
fol. 221.--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquisit. s. vv. _Contumax,
Convincitur_.--Concil. Lateran. IV. ann. 1215 c. 28.--Hist. Diplom.
Frid. II. T. II. p. 4.--Concil. Albiens. ann. 1254 c. 28.--Alex. PP. IV.
Bull. _Consultationi vestrœ_, 28 Mai. 1260.--C. 13 Extra. v. 38 (cf.
Concil. Trident. Sess. 25 de Reform. c. 3).--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcass.
(Doat, XXXI. 83).--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquisit. s. v. _Procedere_,
No. 10.
[363] Muratori, Antiquitat. Ital. Dissert. 60.--Zanchini Tract. de
Hæret. c. xxiv., xl.--Lami, Antichità Toscane, p. 497.
[364] Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Præ cunctis_, § 11, 9 Nov. 1256.--Ejusd.
Bull. _Cupientes_, 10 Dec. 1257; 4 Mart. 1264.--Urbani PP. IV. Bull.
_Licet ex omnibus_, 1262 (Mag. Bull. Rom. I. 122).--Ejusd. Bull. _Præ
cunctis_, 2 Aug. 1264.--Clement. PP. IV. Bull. _Præ cunctis_, 23 Feb.
1266.--C. 20 Sexto v. 2.--Joan. Andreæ Gloss. sup. cod.--C. 2 Clement.
v. 11.--Bernardi Guidonis Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).--Eymeric.
Direct. Inq. p. 583.
[365] Doctrina de modo procedendi (Martene Thesaur. V.
1811-12).--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append. c. 16.--Arch. de l'Inq.
de Carcassonne (Doat, XXVII. 156, 162, 178).--Bern. Guidon. Gravamina
(Doat, XXX. 102).--Ejusd. Practica (Doat, XXIX. 94).--Eymeric. Direct.
Inquis. pp. 631-33.--Jacob. Laudens. Orat. ad Concil. Constant. (Von der
Hardt. III. 60).--Paramo de Orig. Offic. S. Inquis. pp. 32-33.--Zanchini
Tract. de Hæret. c. ix.
[366] Eymeric. Direct. Inq. pp. 413, 418, 423-4, 461-5, 521-4.--Zanchini
Tract. de Hæret. c. ix.--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquisit. s. v.
_Impœnitens_.--Albertin. Repert. Inquis. s. v. _Cautio_.
The contrast between this and the secular jurisprudence of the
thirteenth century is illustrated in the charter granted by Alphonse of
Poitiers to the town of Auzon (Auvergne), about 1260. Any one accused of
crime by common report could clear himself by his own oath and that of a
single legal conjurator, unless there was a legitimate plaintiff or
accuser; and no one could be tried by the inquisitorial process without
his own consent.--Chassaing, Spicilegium Brivateuse, Paris, 1886, p. 92.
[367] Bernard. Guidon. Practica P. IV., v. (Doat, XXX.).--Concil.
Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append, c. 16.--Tractat. de Paup. de Lugdun.
(Martene Thesaur. V. 1791-4).--Anon. Passaviens. (Mag. Bib. Pat. XIII.
308).--Const, xvi. Cod. I., v.--Molinier, L'Inquisition dans le midi de
la France, p. 240.--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. p. 147,--Epist. Petri
Card. Alban. (Doat, XXXI. 5).--Bernard. Guidon. Gravamina (Doat, XXX.
114).
[368] Bernard. Guidon. Practica P. v.(Doat, XXX.).--Modus examinandi
Hæreticos (Mag. Bib. Pat. XIII. 342).--Tractat. de Paup. de Lugd.
(Martene Thesaur. V. 1793-4).--MS. Vatican, No. 8668(Ricchini, Prolog.ad
Monetam, p. xxiii.).--Anon. Passav.(Mag. Bib. Pat. XIII.
301).--Molinier, L'Inq. dans le midi de la France, p. 234.--Alex. PP.
IV. Bull. _Quod super nonnullis_, § 10, 15 Dec. 1258.
[369] Tract, de Paup. de Lugduno (Martene Thes. V. 1792).--Cf. Bernard.
Guidon. Practica P. v. (Doat, XXX.).
[370] Practica super Inquisitione (MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No.
14930, fol. 221).
[371] Tract. de Paup. de Lugduno (Martene Thesaur. V. 1793).--Eymeric.
Direct. Inq. pp. 433-4.--Modus examinandi Hæreticos (Mag. Bib. Pat.
XIII. 341).
[372] Tract, de Paup. de Lugduno (Martene Thesaur. V.
1787-88).--Eymeric. p, 434.--Archives de l'Inq. de Carcass. (Doat,
XXVII. 150).
[373] Wadding. Annal. ann. 1228, No. 45.--Nideri Formicar. Lib. III. c.
10.
[374] Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. 514, 521.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246,
Append. c. 17.--Innoc. PP. IV. Bull. _Illius vicis_, 12 Nov. 1247.--Lib.
Confess. Inq. Albiens. (MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, 11847).--Bernard.
Guidon. Practica P. v. (Doat, XXX.).--Doctrina de modo procedendi
(Martene Thesaur. V. 1795).--Molinier, l'Inq. dans le midi de la France,
p. 330.--Archives de l'Inq. de Carcass. (Doat, XXVII. 7 sqq.).--Lib.
Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. pp. 22, 76, 102, 118-50, 158-62, 184, 216-18,
220-1, 228, 244-8, 266-7, 282-5.--Archives de l'Inq. de Carcassonne
(Doat, XXXIV. 89).--Archives de l'hôtel-de-ville d'Albi (Doat, XXXIV.
45).--Coll. Doat, XXXIV. 189.
[375] Archives de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXI. 57).--Vaissette,
III. Pr. 551-3.--Tract, de Paup. de Lugd. (Martene Thesaur. V.
1787).--Joann. Andreæ Gloss, sup. c. 1, Clement, v. 3.--Bernard. Guidon.
Practica P. v. (Doat. XXX.).--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat,
XXXIV. 45).
[376] Superstition and Force, 3d Ed. 1878, pp. 419-20.--Lib. Jur. Civ.
Veronæ, ann. 1228, c. 75.--Constit. Sicular. Lib. I. Tit. 27.--Frid. II.
Edict. 1220. § 5.--Innoc. PP. IV. Bull. _Ad extirpanda_, § 26.--Concil.
Autissiodor. ann. 578 c. 33.--Concil. Matiscon. II. ann. 585 c.
19.--Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Ut negotium_, 7 Julii, 1256 (Doat, XXXI. 196);
Ejusd. Bull. _Ne inquisitionis_, 19 Apr. 1259.--Urban. PP. IV. Bull. _Ut
negotium_, 1260, 1262 (Ripoll, I. 430; Mag. Bull. Rom. I.
132).--Clement. PP. IV. Bull. _Ne inquisitionis_, 13 Jan. 1266.--Bern.
Guidon. Pract. P. IV. (Doat. XXX.).--Pegnæ Comment. in Eymeric. p.
593.--Archivio di Napoli, MSS. Chioccarello, T. VIII.--Historia
Tribulationum (Archiv für Litt. u. Kirchengeschichte, 1886, p. 324).
The earliest allusion to the use of torture in Languedoc is in 1254,
when St. Louis forbade its use on the testimony of a single witness,
even in the case of poor persons.--Vaissette, Éd. Privat, VIII. 1348.
[377] Chassaing, Spicilegium Brivatense, p. 92.--Vaissette, IV. Pr.
97-8.--Archives de l'hôtel-de-ville d'Albi (Doat, XXXIV. 45 sqq.).--Lib.
Confess. Inq. Albiens. (MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, 11847).--Lib.
Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. pp. 46-78, 132, 169-74, 180-2, 266-7.--Bern.
Guidon. Practica P. IV. v. (Doat, XXX.).
[378] C. 1, § 1, Clement, v. 3.--Bern. Guidon. Gravamina (Doat, XXX.
100, 120).--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. p. 422.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c.
xv.
[379] Eymeric. Direct. Inq. pp. 453-5.--Bern. Guidon. Practica P. v.
(Doat, XXX.).--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. ix., xiv.--Processus contra
Waldenses (Archivio Storico Italiano, No. 38, pp. 20, 22, 24,
etc.).--Pauli de Leazariis Gloss. sup. c. 1, Clem. v. 3.--Silvest.
Prieriat. de Strigimagar. Mirand. Lib. III. c. 1.--Bernard. Comens.
Lucerna Inquisit. s. vv. _Jejunia, Torturœ_.
That the Clementines had practically fallen into desuetude is shown by
Carlo III. of Savoy, in 1506, procuring from Julius II. as a special
privilege that in his territories the inquisitors should not send to
prison or pronounce sentence without the concurrence of the episcopal
ordinaries, and this was enlarged in 1515 by Leo X. by requiring their
assent for all arrests.--Sclopis, Antica Legislazione del Piemont. p.
484.
[380] Eymeric. pp. 480, 592, 614.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c.
ix.--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquis. s. vv. _Indicium, Torturœ_ No. 19,
25.
[381] Eymeric. Direct. Inq. pp. 480-2.--MSS. Bib. Nat., funds latin, No.
4270, fol. 101, 146.--Responsa prudentum (Doat, XXXVII. 83
sqq.).--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquis. s. vv. _Confessio, Torturœ_.
The care with which the inquisitors concealed the means by which
confessions were procured is illustrated in the ratification obtained
from Guillem Salavert in 1303, of his confession made three years
before. He is made to declare it "esse veram, non factam vi tormentorum,
amore, gratia, odio, timore, vel favore alicujus, non subornatus nec
inductus minis vel blanditiis, seu seductus per aliquem, non amens nec
stultus sed bona mente," etc. (MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 11847).
Yet Salavert belonged to a group of victims on whom, as we shall see
hereafter, torture was unsparingly used.
[382] Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. p. 481.--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquis.
s. vv. _Confessio, Impœnitens, Torturœ_ No. 48.--Responsa prudentum
(Doat, XXXVII. 83 sqq.)--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcass. (Doat, XXVII. 126;
XXXII. 251).--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. pp. 266-7.--Zanchini Tract.
de Hæret. c. xxiii.
[383] Fortescue de Laudibus Legum Angliæ, c. xxvii.
[384] Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquisit. s. vv. _Infamia, Inquisitores_
No. 7.
[385] Fournier, Les officialités an moyen âge, pp. 177-8.--C. 14 Extra
II. 23.--Bern. Guidon. Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).
[386] Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c. 29.--Trésor des chartes du roi en
Carcassonne (Doat, XXI. 34).--Molinier, L'Inquisition dans le midi de la
France, p. 342.--Livres de Jostice et de Plet, Liv. I. Tit. iii. § 7.
[387] Concil. Albiens. ann. 1254 c. 27.--Guid. Fulcod. Quæst. IX.--Bern.
Guidon. Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).--Lib. Confess. Inq. Albiens. (MSS.
Bib. Nat., fonds latin, 11847).--Ripoll, I. 72.
[388] Eymeric. Direct. Inq. pp. 376-81.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c.
iii.
[389] Archidiaconi Gloss. super c. xi. § 1 Sexto v. 2.--Joann. Andreæ
Gloss. sup. c. xiii. § 7 Extra v. 7.--Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. pp. 445,
615-16.--Guid. Fulcodii Quæst. XIV.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. xiii.,
xiv.--Bern. Guidon. Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).
In the lay courts, if a witness swore to the innocence of the accused
and subsequently changed his testimony, the first statement was held
good and the second was rejected, but in cases of heresy the
incriminating evidence was always received.--Ponzinibii de Lamiis c. 84.
[390] C. 17 Cod. IX. ii. (Honor. 423).--Pseudo-Julii Epist. II. c. 18
(Gratiani Decret.) P. II. caus. v. Q. 3, c. 5.--Pseudo-Eutychiani Epist.
ad Episcopp. Siciliæ.--Gratiani Comment. in Decret. P. II. caus. II. Q.
7, c. 22; caus. VI. Q. 1, c. 19.--Hist. Diplom. Frid. II. T. IV. pp.
299-300.--Guill. Pod. Laur. c. 40.--Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Consuluit_, 6
Mai. 1260 (Doat, XXXI. 205); Ejusd. Bull. _Quod super non nullis_, 9
Dec. 1257; 15 Dec. 1258.--C. 5 Sexto v. 2.--C. 8 § 3 Sexto v.
2.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246 c. 12.--Jacob. Laudun. Orat. in Conc.
Constant. (Von der Hardt III. 60).--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No.
14930, fol. 221.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. xi., xiii.--Eymeric.
Direct. Inq. pp. 602-6.
Under the contemporary English law, criminals and accomplices were
rejected as accusers, even in high-treason (Bracton, Lib. III. Tract.
ii. cap. 3, No. 1).
[391] Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquisit. s. v. _Testis_, No. 14.--Concil
Albiens. ann. 1254 c. 18.--Coll. Doat, XXII. 237 sqq.
In the German feudal law of the period no witness was admitted below the
age of eighteen.--Sächsisches Lehenrechtbuch, c. 49 (Daniels, Berlin,
1863, p. 113).
[392] Eymeric. Direct. Inq. pp. 611-13.--Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c.
25.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246 c. 14.--Arch, de l'Inq. de Carcass,
(Doat, XXXI. 149).
[393] Guid. Fulcod. Quæst. VIII.--Pegnæ Comment. in Eymeric. p.
601.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. xiii.--Doctrina de modo procedendi
(Martene Thesaur. V. 1802).
Heresy, of course, was a "reserved" case for which the ordinary
confessor could not give absolution. Thus a man of Realmont in Albigeois
who repented of having been present at a Catharan conventicle went to a
Franciscan and confessed, accepting the penance imposed of the minor
pilgrimages and some other penitential acts. On his return from their
performance, however, he was seized by the Inquisition, tried and
imprisoned.--Vaissette, IV. 41.
[394] Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquisit. s.v. _Probatio_, No.
3.--Archidiac. Gloss. sup. c. xi. § 1 Sexto v. 2.--Guill. Pod. Laur. c.
40.--Bern. Guidon. Gravamina (Doat, XXX. 102).--Concil. Narbonn. ann.
1244 c. 22.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246 c. 4, 10.--Arch. de l'Inq. de
Carc. (Doat, XXXI. 5).--Innoc. PP. IV. Bull. _Cum negotium_, 9 Mart.
1254; Ejusd. Bull. _Ut commissum_, 21 Jun. 1254.--Alex. PP. IV. Bull.
_Licet vobis_, 7 Dec. 1255; Ejusd. Bull. _Prœ cunctis_, § 6, 9 Nov.
1256; Ejusd. Bull. _Super extirpatione_, § 9, 1258.--Clem. PP. IV. Bull.
_Licet ex omnibus_, 17 Sep. 1265.--Ejusd. Bull. _Prœ, cunctis_, 23 Feb.
1266.--Guid. Fulcod. Quæst. xv.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 14930,
fol. 221.--C. 20 Sexto v. 2.--Bern. Guidon. Practica P. iv. (Doat,
XXX.).--Responsa Prudentum (Doat, XXXVII.).--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. pp.
450, 610, 614, 626, 627. Cf. Pegnæ Comment, pp. 627-8.--MSS. Bib. Nat.,
fonds latin, No. 4270.--Bernardi Comens, Lucerna Inquisit. s.v.
_Nomina_.--Mladenovic Relatio (Palacky Documenta Joannis Hus, pp.
252-3).
[395] Responsa Prudentum (Doat, XXXVII.).--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna
Inquis. s. v. _Tradere_.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. ix.
[396] Lib. Confess. Inq. Albiens. (MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin,
11847).--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. pp. 96-7, 180, 393.--Arch. de
l'Inq. de Carcass. (Doat, XXVII. 118, 133, 140, 149, 178,
204-16).--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. p. 521.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c.
xiv.
[397] Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. pp. 297, 393.--Arch. de l'Inq. de
Carcassonne (Doat, XXVII. 119, 133, 140, 241).--Pegnæ Comment. in
Eymeric. p. 625.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret c. xiv.
[398] Concil. Lateran IV. ann. 1215 c. 8.
So, in 1254, St. Louis orders that in all criminal cases where the
inquisitorial process is used, the whole proceedings shall be submitted
to the accused.--Vaissette, Éd. Privat, VIII. 1348.
[399] Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append, c. 8.--Concil. Campinacens.
ann. 1238 c. 14.--Contre le Franc-Alleu sans Tiltre, Paris, 1629, p.
216.--Fournier, Les Officialités, etc. p. 289.--C. 11, Extra v.
7.--Concil. Valentin, ann. 1248 c. 11.--Concil. Albiens. ann. 1254 c.
23.--Bernard. Guidon. Practica. P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).--Eymeric. Direct.
Inquis. pp. 446, 452, 565, 568.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 14930,
fol. 220.--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquisitor, s. vv. _Advocatus,
Defensor_.--C. 13, § 7, Extra v. 7.--Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Cupientes_, 4
Mart. 1260.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXIV.
123).--Vaissette, IV. 72.
[400] Guid. Fulcod. Quæst. xv.--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. pp. 446, 450, 607,
610, 614.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. ix., xli.--Litt. Petri Albanens.
(Doat, XXXI. 5).
In the register of the Inquisition of Carcassonne from 1249 to 1258 M.
Molinier has found two cases in which the accused was allowed to
introduce evidence in his favor. In one of these G. Vilanière called two
witnesses to prove an alibi; in the other Guilleim Nègre brought forward
a letter of reconciliation and penitence. In neither case was the
defendant successful (L'Inq. dans le midi de la France, p. 346).
[401] Coll. Doat, XXXI. 149.--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquisit. s.v.
_Taciturnitas_.
[402] Registre de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin,
Nouv. Acquis. 139, f. 33, 44, 62).--Practica super Inquisitione (MSS.
Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 14930, fol. 212).
[403] Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append. c. 18.--Doctrina de modo
procedendi (Martene Thesaur. V. 1813).--Coll. Doat, XXVII. 97-8; XXIX.
27; XXXIV. 123; XXXV. 61; XXXVIII. 166.--Lib. Sententt. Inquis. Tolosan.
pp. 33-4.--Molinier, L'Inquis. dans le midi de la France, p. 287.--Alex.
PP. IV. Bull. _Olim ex parte_, 24 Sept.; 13 Oct. 1258; Urbani PP. IV.
Bull. _Idem_, 21 Aug. 1262 (Mag. Bull. Rom. I. 117).
[404] Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquisit. s.v. _Recusatio_.--Bern.
Guidon. Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).--Zanchini Tract, de Hæret. c. ii.,
vii.--Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c. 26.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246 c.
9.--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. p. 572.
[405] MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 4270, fol. 139.
[406] Pegnæ Comment. in Eymeric. p. 675.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c.
xxix.--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. pp. 453-55.--Grandes Chroniques. ann.
1323.--Guill. Nangiac. Contin. ann. 1323.--Chron. de Jean de S. Victor.
Contin. ann. 1323.--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquisitor, s. vv.
_Appellatio, Exceptio_ No. 2.
[407] Vaissette, III. 462; Pr. 447.--Coll. Doat, XXXI. 152, 169, 283;
XXXII. 69; XXXV. 134.--Potthast No. 10292, 10311, 10317, 18723,
18895.--Ripoll, I. 287.--Coll. Doat, XXXV. 134.
[408] Molinier, L'Inquisition dans le midi de la France, pp.
332-33.--Responsa Prudentum (Doat, XXXVII.).--Bern. Guidon. Practica P.
v. (Doat, XXX.).--Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. p. 474.--Zanchini Tract. de
Hæret. c. xli.
[409] C. 1 Clement, v. 3.--Bern. Guidon. Gravamina (Doat, XXX. 112).
[410] Hist. Diplom. Frid. II. T. II. p. 4.--Concil. Tolosan. ann. 1229
c. 18.--Concil. Albiens. ann. 1254 c. 16.--Concil. Tarraconens. ann.
1242.--Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. pp. 376-8, 380-4, 494-5, 500.--Concil.
Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append. c. 31, 36.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. v.,
vii., xx.--Doctrina de modo procedendi (Martene Thesaur. V.
1802).--Gersonis de Protestatione consid. xii.--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna
Inquisit. s. v. _Præsumptio_, No. 5.--Isambert, Anc. Loix Françaises,
IV. 364.
It is somewhat remarkable that Cornelius Agrippa maintains that the law
expressly forbade the Inquisition from meddling with cases involving
mere suspicion, or the defending, reception, and favoring of heretics
(De Vanitate Scientiarum, cap. XCVI.).--His contemporary, the learned
jurist Ponzinibio, calls special attention to the fact that mere
suspicion, even when not accompanied by evil report, is sufficient to
justify proceedings in case of heresy, though not in other
crimes.--(Ponzinibii de Lamiis c. 88).
[411] Concil. Tarraconens. ann. 1242.--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. pp. 376-8,
475-6.--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquis. s. vv. _Practica,
Purgatio_.--Albertini Repertor. Inquisit. s. v. _Deficiens_.--Gregor.
PP. XI. Bull. _Excommunicamus_, 20 Aug. 1229.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret.
c. vii., xvii.--Martini App. ad Mosheim de Beghardis, p. 537.
[412] Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c. 6, 12.--Muratori Antiq. Ital.
Dissert. LX.--Doctrina de modo procedendi (Martene Thesaur. V.
1800-1).--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. pp. 376, 486-7, 492-8.--Lib. Sententt.
Inq. Tolos. pp. 67, 215.
[413] Guid. Fulcod. Quæstt. XIII., XV.--Ripoll, I. 254.--Archives de
l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXI. 139).--Archives de l'Évêché d'Albi
(Doat, XXXV. 69).--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. p. 32.--Eymeric. Direct.
Inquis. pp. 465, 643.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. XX.
In the sentences of Bernard de Caux, 1246-8, though imprisonment is
treated as a penance, the expression is more mandatory than in later
proceedings (MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, 9992).
[414] Arch. de l'Évêché d'Albi (Doat, XXXV. 69).--Arch. de l'Inq. de
Carcassonne (Doat, XXVII. 232).--Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1234 c.
5.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append. c. 29.--Eymeric. Direct. Inq.
pp. 506-7.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. xvi.--Guid. Fulcod. Quæst. XV.
[415] Tamburini, Istoria dell' Inquisizione, I. 492-502.--Bern. Corio,
Hist. di Milano, ann. 1252.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXI.
201).--Ripoll, I. 244, 280, 389.
[416] Concil. Tarraconens. ann. 1242.--Innoc. PP. IV. Bull. _Noverit
universitas_, 1254 (Mag. Bull. Rom. I. 103).--Bern. Guidon. Practica P.
IV. (Doat, XXX.)--Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. pp. 368-72, 376-8.--Zanchini
Tract. de Hæret. c. xxxiii.
[417] Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c. 3.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246,
Append. c. 28.--Coll, Doat, XXI. 200.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No.
9992.
[418] Paramo de Orig. Offic. S. Inquis. Lib. II. Tit. i. c. 2, §
6.--Martene Thesaur. I. 802.--Coll. Doat, XXXI. 1.
[419] Archives de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXI. 255).--Coll. Doat,
XXVII. 136.
[420] Concil. Tarraconens. ann. 1242.--Concil. Narbonnens. ann. 1244 c.
1.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append. c. 6.--Bern. Guidon. Practica
(Doat, XXIX. 54).--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 14930, fol. 214.
[421] Coll. Doat, XXI. 222.--Wadding. Annal. ann. 1300, No. 1.--Cf.
Molinier, L'Inq. dans le midi de la France, pp. 400-1.
[422] Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXVII. 11).--Lib. Sententt.
Inq. Tolosan. pp. 1, 340-1.
[423] Wadding. Annal. ann. 1238, No. 7.--Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c.
2.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append, c. 26, 29.--Berger, Les
Registres d'Innocent IV. No. 3508, 3677, 3866.--Coll. Doat, XXXI.
17.--Vaissette. III. Pr. 468.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, nouv. acq.
139, fol. 8.--Molinier, L'Inq. dans le midi de la France, pp.
408-9.--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolos. pp. 284-5.--Coll. Doat, XXI. 185,
186, 217.
[424] C. Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append. c. 26.--Lib. Sententt. Inq.
Tolosan. pp. 8, 13, 130, 228.
In Italy the crosses appear to be of red cloth (Archiv. di Firenze,
Prov. S. Maria Novella, 31 Ott. 1327).
At an early period there is a single allusion to another "_pœna
confusibilis_" in the shape of a wooden collar or yoke worn by the
penitent. This occurs at La Charité, in 1233, and I have not met with it
elsewhere (Ripoll, I. 46).
[425] Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1229 c. 10.--Statut. Raymondi ann. 1234
(Harduin. VII. 205).--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1234 c. 4.--Concil.
Tarraconens. ann. 1242.--Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c. 1.--Concil.
Valentin. ann. 1248 c. 13.--Concil. Albiens. ann. 1254 c. 4.--MSS. Bib.
Nat., fonds latin, nouv. acq. 139, fol. 2.
[426] Coll. Doat, XXI. 185 sqq.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246 c.
6.--Molinier, l'Inquis. dans le midi de la France, p. 412.--Lib.
Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. p. 350.
[427] Molinier, op. cit. p. 404, 414-15.--Bernard. Guidon. Gravamina
(Doat, XXX. 115).--Ejusd. Practica P. II. (Doat, XXIX. 75).--Arch. de
l'Inq. de Carc. (Doat, XXXVII. 107, 135, 149).--Eymeric. Direct. Inq.
pp. 496-99.
[428] Vaissette, III. Pr. 386.--Lami, Antichità Toscane, p.
560.--Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c. 17.--Innoc. PP. IV. Bull. _Quia te_,
19 Jan. 1245 (Doat, XXXI. 71).--Molinier, op. cit. pp. 23, 390.--Concil.
Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append, c. 27.--Practica super Inquisit. (MSS.
Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 14930, fol. 222).--Innoc. PP. IV. Bull. _Cum
a quibusdam_, 14 Mai. 1249 (Doat, XXXI. 81, 116).--Coll. Doat, XXXIII.
198.--Ripoll, I. 194.--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. pp. 648-9, 653.--Zanchini
Tract. de Hæret. c. xix., xx., xli.--Archivio Storico Italiano, No. 38,
pp. 27, 42.--Campi, Dell' Hist. Eccles. di Piacenza, P. II. p.
309.--Coll. Doat, XXI. 185 sqq.
[429] Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquisit. s.v. _Pœnam._
[430] Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXI. 152).--Archives
Nationales de France, J. 430, No. 1.--Berger, Les Registres d'Innoc. IV.
No. 4093.--Vaissette, III. 460, 462.--Molinier, op. cit. pp. 173, 283-4,
391, 396, 397.--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolos. p. 40.--Bern. Guidon.
Practica (Doat, XXIX. 83).--Coll. Doat, XXXI. 292.--Arch. de l'Inq. de
Carcassonne (Doat, XXXV. 192).--Zanchini Tract, de Hæret. c. xix.
[431] Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXVII. 236).--Concil.
Narbonn. ann. 1244 c. 19.--Concil. Albiens. ann. 1254 c. 25.--Guid.
Fulcod. Quæst. VII.--Practica super Inquisit. (MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds
latin, No. 14930 fol. 221-2).--Molinier, op. cit. pp. 365,
392.--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquisit. s. v. _Inquisitores_, No. 18.
[432] Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c. 17.--C. Biterrens. ann. 1246,
Append. c. 15.--Innoc. PP. IV. Bull. _Cum venerabilis_, 29 Jan. 1253;
Bull. _Cum per nostras_, 30 Jan. 1253; Bull. _Super extirpatione_, 30
Mai. 1254.--Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Super extirpatione_, 13 Nov. 1258, 20
Sept. 1259; Bull. _Ad audientiam_, 23 Jan. 1260.--Berger, Les Registres
d'Innoc. IV. No. 3904.--Ripoll, I. 69, 71, 223-4, 247.--Lami, Antichità
Toscane, p. 576.--MS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, nouv. acquis. 139 fol.
43.--Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. p. 638.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c.
xix.--Bern. Guidon. Practica P. v. (Doat, XXX.).--Albert. Repert. Inq.
s. v. _Cautio_.
The right to offer bail, except in capital offences, was one thoroughly
recognized by the secular law. See, for instance, Isambert, Anc. Loix
Franç. III. 57.
[433] Molinier, op. cit. pp. 299-302.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne
(Doat, XXXIV. 5. It is perhaps worthy of note that Ripoll, in printing
this bull of Boniface VIII., T. II. p. 61, discreetly suppresses the
details of inquisitorial wrong-doing).--Grandjean, Registres de Benoît
XI. No. 169, 509.--Chron. Girardi de Fracheto Contin. ann. 1303 (D.
Bouquet, XXI. 22-3).--Articuli Transgressionum (Archiv. für Litt. u.
Kirchengeschichte, 1887, p. 104).--C. 1, § 4, c. 2 Clement, v.
3.--Bernard. Guidon. Gravamina (Doat, XXX. 118-19).--Coll. Doat, XXXV.
113.--Ripoll, VII. 61.--Archivio di Firenze, Riformagioni, Classe XI.
Distinz. I. No. 39.--Villani, Cronica, XII. 58.--Alvar. Pelag. de
Planct. Eccles. Lib. II. art. vii.--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. p.
332.--Decamerone, Giorn. I. Nov. 6.--Archives administratives de Reims,
III. 641.
The strictness with which the canons against usury were construed is
illustrated in a case decided by the University of Paris in 1490. The
Faculty of Theology was consulted as to the righteousness of a contract
under which a certain church had bought for three hundred livres an
annual rent of twenty livres arising from certain lands, with the right
of recalling the purchase-money after two months' notice; while by a
separate agreement the land-owner had the right of redemption for nine
years. This is doubtless a specimen of the means adopted of evading the
prohibition of interest payment, which must have grown frequent with the
development of commerce and industry. The contract ran for twenty-six
years before it was questioned and referred to the University. A
commission of twelve doctors of theology was appointed, who discussed
the subject thoroughly, and reported, eleven to one, that the contract
was usurious, and that the annual payments must be computed as partial
payments on account of the purchase-money (D'Argentré, Collect. Judic.
de nov. Error. I. II. 323).
[434] Cornel. Agrippa de Vanitate Scientiar. cap. XCVI.
[435] Molinier, op. cit. p. 307.--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. p. 650, 685.
[436] Constt. v., VIII. § 3, Cod. I. v.--Assis. Clarendon. Art.
21.--Lami, Antichità Toscane, p. 124.--Hist. Diplom. Frid. II. T. IV.
pp. 299-300.--Lib. Juris Civilis Veronæ c. 156 (Ed. 1728, p.
117).--Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Ad extirpanda_, § 21.--Concil. Tolosan. ann.
1229 c. 6.--Statut. Raymondi ann. 1234 (Harduin. VII. 203).--Vaissette,
III. Pr. 370-1.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append. c. 35.--Concil.
Albiens. ann. 1254 c. 6.--Établissements, Liv. I. c. 36.--Siete
Partidas, P. VII. Tit. xxvi. l. 5.--Bern. Guidon. Practica (Doat, XXIX.
89).--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. pp. 4, 80-1, 168.
[437] Isambert, Anc. Loix Françaises, IV. 364; V. 491.--Ripoll, I.
252.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXVII.248).--Sachsenspiegel,
Buch III. Art. I.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. xxxix., xl.
[438] Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. 280.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carc. (Doat,
XXXV. 122).
[439] Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. X.
[440] Gregor. PP. IX. Bull. _Excommunicamus_, 20 Aug. 1229.--Concil.
Narbonn. ann. 1229 c. 9.--Hist. Diplom. Frid. II. T. IV. p.
300.--Concil. Arelatens. ann. 1234 c. 6.--Vaissette, III. Pr. 314.
Gregory's bull, as inserted in the canon law, provides perpetual
imprisonment for those who "_redire noluerint_" (C. 15, § 1, Extra v.
vii.), which is self-evidently an error for "_voluerint_," as the
previous section directs that persistent heretics are to be handed over
to the secular arm. Besides, Frederic's Ravenna decree, issued soon
after, in prescribing lifelong imprisonment for converts, speaks of this
being in accordance with the canons.
[441] Concil. Tarraconens. ann. 1242.--Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c. 9,
19.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append, c. 20.--Coll. Doat, XXI.
152.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 9992.--Bern. Guidon. Practica P.
IV. (Doat, XXX.).
[442] Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolos. _passim_, pp. 347-9.--Eymeric. Direct.
Inq. p. 507.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 9992.--Practica super
Inquisit. (MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 14930, fol. 222).
[443] Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXIII. 143).--Concil.
Biterrens. ann. 1246 c. 23, 25.--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. p. 507.
[444] Arch. de l'hôtel-de-ville d'Albi (Doat, XXXIV. 45).--Bern. Guidon.
Gravam. (Doat, XXX. 100).--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolos. pp. 32, 200,
287.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXVII. 136, 156).--MSS. Bib.
Nat., fonds latin, No. 9992.
The cruelty of the monastic system of imprisonment known as _in pace_,
or _vade in pacem_, was such that those subjected to it speedily died in
all the agonies of despair. In 1350 the Archbishop of Toulouse appealed
to King John to interfere for its mitigation, and he issued an
_Ordonnance_ that the superior of the convent should twice a month visit
and console the prisoner, who, moreover, should have the right twice a
month to ask for the company of one of the monks. Even this slender
innovation provoked the bitterest resistance of the Dominicans and
Franciscans, who appealed to Pope Clement VI., but in vain.--Chron.
Bardin, ann. 1350 (Vaissette, IV. Pr. 29).
The hideous abuse of keeping a prisoner in chains was forbidden by the
contemporary English law (Bracton, Lib. III. Tract, i. cap. 6).
[445] Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolos. pp. 102, 153, 231, 252-4,
301.--Muratori Antiq. Dissert. LX. (T. XII. p. 519).--Bern. Guidon.
Practica P. v. (Doat, XXX.).--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat,
XXVII. 7).
[446] Beaumanoir, Coutumes du Beauvoisis, cap. 51, No. 7.--G.B. de
Lagrèze, La Navarre Française, II. 339. In the accounts of the
Sénéchausseé of Toulouse for 1337 there is an item of twenty sols
expended in Nov., 1333, for straw for the prisoners to lie on, lest they
should perish with cold during the winter. Other items, amounting to
eighty-three sols eleven deniers, for the repairs of the fetters and
shackles which they wore shows the rigor of their confinement.--Vaissette,
Éd. Privat, X. Pr. 798-99.
[447] Concil. Tolosan. ann. 1229 c. 11.--Concil. Valentin. ann. 1234 c.
5.--Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c. 4.--Coll. Doat, XXXI. 157.--Concil.
Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append. c. 23, 27.--Innoc. PP. IV. Bull. _Cum
sicut_, 1 Mart. 1249 (Doat, XXXI. 114).--Concil. Albiens. ann. 1254 c.
24.--Guid. Fulcod. Quæst. X.
[448] Molinier, op. cit. p. 435.--Vaissette, III. Pr. 536.--Vaissette.
Éd. Privat, VIII. 1206.--Arch. de l'hôtel-de-ville d'Albi (Doat, XXXIV.
45).--Bern. Guidon. Gravam. (Doat, XXX. 109).--Isambert. Anc. Loix
Françaises, IV. 364.--Vaissette, Éd. Privat, X. Pr. 693-4, 813-14.--Les
Olim, III. 148.--Hauréau, Bernard Délicieux, p. 19.--Archivio di Napoli,
Reg. 113, Lett. A, fol. 385; Reg. 154, Lett. C, fol. 81; MSS.
Chioccorello, T. VIII.
[449] Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXVII. 14, 16).--Muratori
Antiq. Dissert. LX. (T. XII. pp. 500, 507, 529, 535).--Lib. Sententt.
Inq. Tolos. pp. 252-4, 307.--Tract., de Hæres. Paup. de Lugd. (Martene
Thesaur. V. 1786).
[450] Practica super Inquisit. (MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 14930,
fol. 222).--Molinier, op. cit. p. 449.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne
(Doat, XXXII. 125; XXXVII. 83).
[451] Les Olim, III. 148.--Archives de l'hôtel-de-ville d'Albi (Doat,
XXXIV. 45).--Bern. Guidon. Gravam. (Doat, XXX. 105-8).--Ejusd. Practica
P. IV. c. 1.--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. p. 587.--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna
Inquisit. s. v. _Carcer_.
The passage in the _Practica_ alluded to occurs in MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds
latin, No. 14579, fol. 258. The allusion to the Clementines is not in
the MS. printed by Douais, Paris, 1885, p. 179.
In 1325 Bishop Richard Ledred of Ossory availed himself of the
Clementine canon to claim supervision over the imprisonment of William
Outlaw, whom he threw into the Castle of Kilkenny on a charge of
fautorship of sorcerers--there being, apparently, no episcopal
jail.--Wright's Proceedings against Dame Alice Kyteler, Camden Soc.
1843, p. 31.
[452] Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolos. pp. 8, 13, 14, 19, 25, 26, 29, 158-62,
246-8, 255-61.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXVII. 7, 131;
XXVIII. 164).
[453] Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c. 7.--Innoc. PP. IV. Bull. _Ut
commissum_, 20 Jan. 1245 (Doat, XXXI. 68).--Vaissette, III. Pr.
468.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append. c. 20.--Zanchini, Tract, de
Hæret. c. xxi., xxxviii.
[454] Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXVII. 2, 192).
[455] Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. pp. 40, 118, 122, 137, 139, 146,
147.--Bern. Guidon. Practica (Doat, XXIX. 85).--Ejusd. P. v. (Doat,
XXX.).--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append. c. 21, 22.--Vaissette,
III. Pr. 467.--Practica super Inquisit. (MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin,
No. 14930, fol. 222, 224).--Pegnæ Comment. in Eymeric. p. 509.--Zanchini
Tract. de Hæret. c. xx.
[456] Concil. Arelatens. ann. 1234 c. 11.--Concil. Albiens. ann. 1254 c.
26.--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. pp. 162-7, 203, 246-7,
251-2.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. xxvii.
[457] Const. 5 Cod. IX. viii.--Concil. Tolosan. ann. 1229 c. 10.--Hist.
Diplom. Frid. II. T. IV. pp. 8, 302.--Innoc. PP. IV. Bull. _Ut
commissum_, 21 Jun. 1254.--Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Quod super nonnullis_,
9. Dec. 1257 (Doat, XXXI. 244).--Raynald. ann. 1258, No. 23.--Potthast
No. 17745, 18396.--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. p. 123.--C. 15, Sexto v. ii.
[458] Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. p. 571.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne
(Doat, XXXII. 156).--Regist. Curiæ Franciæ de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXII.
241).--Bernardi Comens, Lucerna Inquisit. s. v. _Inquisitores_, No.
19.--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. Index.--Wadding. Regest. Nich. PP.
III. No. 10.
[459] Ripoll, I. 208, 394.--Tractatus de Inquisitione (Doat,
XXXVI.).--Bern. Guidon. Practica P. IV, (Doat, XXX.).--Eymeric. Direct.
Inquis. 360-1.
[460] Constt. 13, 15, 17 Cod. I. v.; 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9 Cod. IX. xlix.; 5,
6 Cod. IX. viii.
[461] Constt. Sicular. Lib. I. Tit. 3.--Concil. Turon. ann. 1163 c.
4.--Lucii PP. III. Epist. 171.--Innoc. PP. III. Regest. II. 1.--Cap. 10
Extra v. 7.
It was probably in obedience to the canon of Tours that, in 1178, the
property of Pierre Mauran of Toulouse was declared forfeited to the
count, and he was allowed to redeem it with a fine of five hundred
pounds of silver (Roger. Hoveden. Annal. ann. 1178).
The decree of Alonso II. of Aragon against the Waldenses, in 1194,
referred to above (p. 81) (Pegnæ Comment. 39 in Eymeric. p. 281),
inflicts confiscation on all who favor the heretics, but there are no
traces of its enforcement, or of the subsequent canons of the Council of
Girona in 1197 (Aguirre V. 102-3). The same may be said of the edicts of
Henry VI., in 1194, repeated by Otho IV. in 1310 (Lami, Antichità
Toscane, p. 484).
[462] Innoc. PP. III. Regest. XII. 154 (Cap. 20 Extra v.
xl.).--Isambert, Anc. Loix Françaises I. 228, 232.--Harduin. VII.
203-8.--Vaissette, III. Pr. 385.--Concil. Albiens. ann. 1254 c.
26.--Innoc. PP. IV. Bull. _Cum fratres_, ann. 1252 (Mag. Bull. Roman. I.
90).
Confiscation was an ordinary resource of mediæval law. In England, from
the time of Alfred, property, as well as life, was forfeited for treason
(Alfred's Dooms 4--Thorpe I. 63), a penalty which, remained until 1870
(Low and Pulling's Dictionary of English History, p. 469). In France
murder, false-witness, treachery, homicide, and rape were all punished
with death and confiscation (Beaumanoir, Coutumes du Beauvoisis XXX.
2-5). By the German feudal law the fief might be forfeited for a vast
number of offences, but the distinction was drawn that, if the offence
was against the lord, the fief reverted to him; if simply a crime, it
descended to the heirs (Feudor. Lib. I. Tit. xxiii.-iv.). In Navarre,
confiscation formed part of the penalties of suicide, murder, treason,
and even of blows or wounds inflicted where the queen or royal children
were dwelling. There is a case in which confiscation was enforced on a
man because he struck another at Olite, which was within a league of
Tafalla, where the queen chanced to be staying at the time (G.B. de
Lagrèze, La Navarre Française II. 335).
[463] Guid. Fulcod. Quæst. XV.--Coll. Doat, XXI. 154; XXXIII. 207;
XXXIV. 189; XXXV. 68.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 9992.--Coll.
Doat, XXVIII. 131, 164.--Responsa Prudentum (Doat, XXXVII. 83).--Grandes
Chroniques, ann. 1323.--Les Olim, T. I. p. 556.--Guill. Pelisso Chron.
Ed. Molinier, p. 27.--Practica super Inquisit. (MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds
latin, No. 14930, fol. 224).--Coll. Doat, XXVII. fol. 118.
In 1460, when the nearly extinct French Inquisition was resuscitated to
punish the sorcerers of Arras, confiscation formed part of the
sentence.--Mémoires de Jacques du Clercq, Liv. IV. ch. 4.
[464] Coll. Doat, XXXI. 175.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. xviii., xxv.,
xxvi., xli.--Archivio Storico Italiano, No. 38, p. 29.
[465] Lami, Antichità Toscane, 560, 588-9.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c.
xxvi.--Archiv. di Firenze, Prov. S. Maria Novella, Nov. 18,
1327.--Archivio di Napoli, Regist. 253, Lett. A, fol. 63.
[466] Hist. Diplom. Frid. II. T. III. p. 466.--Kaltner, Konrad v.
Marburg u. die Inquisition, Prag, 1882, p. 147.--Mosheim de Beghardis,
p. 347.
[467] Harduin. VII. 203.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1233 c. 4; ann. 1246,
Append. c. 35.--Concil. Albiens. ann. 1254 c. 26.--Coll. Doat, XXI.
151.--Guid. Fulcod. Quæst. xv.--Isambert Anc. Loix Françaises, I.
257.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXI. 263).--Bernardi
Comens. Lucerna Inquisit. s. v. _Filii_.
[468] Archives de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXI. 152).--Berger,
Registres d'Innoc. IV. No. 1844.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No.
9992.--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. pp. 158-62.--Arch. de l'Inq. de
Carcassonne (Doat, XXVII. 98).--Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. pp.
663-5.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. xviii., xix., xxv.
[469] Archives de l'Évêché de Béziers (Doat, XXXI. 35).--Potthast No.
12743.--Isambert, I. 257.--C. 14 Sexto v. 2.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret.
c. xxv.--Livres de Jostice et de Piet, Liv. I. Tit. iii. § 7.
[470] Hoffmann, Geschichte der Inquisition, II. 370.--Lucii PP. III.
Epist. 171.--Innoc. PP. IV. Bull. _Ad extirpanda_, § 34.--Ejusd. Bull.
_Super extirpatione_, 30 Mai. 1254 (Ripoll, I. 247).--Alex. PP. IV.
Bull. _Discretioni_ (Mag. Bull. Rom. I. 120).--Potthast No. 18200.
[471] Nich. PP. IV. Bull. _Habet vestræ_, 3 Oct. 1290.--Raynald. ann.
1438, No. 24.--Lami, Antichità Toscane, pp. 588-9.--Alv. Pelag. de
Planctu Eccles. Lib. II. art. 67.--Archivio di Firenze, Riformagioni,
Classe v. No. 110; Classe XI. Distinz. I, No. 39.
[472] Archivio di Napoli, Registro 9, Lett. C, fol. 90; Regist. 51,
Lett. A, fol. 9; Reg. 98, Lett. B, fol. 13; Reg. 113, Lett. A, fol. 194;
MSS. Chioccorelli, T. VIII.
[473] Albizio, Risposto al P. Paolo Sarpi, p. 25.--Sclopis, Antica
Legislazione del Piemont, p. 485.
[474] Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. xix., xxvi., xli. Cf. Pegnæ Comment.
in Eymeric. p. 659.--Grandjean, Registre de Benoît XI. No.
299.--Raynald. ann. 1438, No. 24.--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquis. s.
v. _Bona hæreticorum_, No. 6, 8. As early as 1387, in the sentences of
Antonio Secco on the Waldenses of the Alpine valleys, the confiscations
are declared to be solely for the benefit of the Inquisition (Archivio
Storico Italiano, No. 38, pp. 29, 36, 50).
It must be placed to the credit of Benedict XI, that, in 1304, he
authorized Frà Simone, Inquisitor of Rome, to restore confiscations
unjustly made by his predecessors and to moderate punishments inflicted
by them if he considered them too severe (Grandjean, No. 474).
[475] Alonsi de Spina Fortalicii Fidei, Lib. II. Consid. xi. (fol. 74
Ed. 1594).
[476] MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 14930, fol. 224.--Livres de
Jostice et de Plet, Liv. I. Tit. iii. § 7.--Vaissette, III. 391.--Les
Olim, I. 317.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 11847.--Concil. Insulan.
ann. 1251 c. 3.--Teulet, Layettes, II. 165.--Concil. Biterrens. ann.
1246 c. 4.--Vaissette, Éd. Privat, VIII. 975.--Baluz. Concil. Narbonn.
Append. pp. 96-99.--Coll. Doat, XXXV. 48. Cf. Berger, Registres d'Innoc.
IV. No. 1543-4, 1547-8.--Vaissette, IV. 170.--Baudouin, Lettres inédites
de Philippe le Bel, Paris, 1886, p. xl.
In spite of the general sense of equity manifested by St. Louis, he was
by no means indifferent to acquisitions justified by the spirit of the
age. In 1246 there seems to have been a raid made upon the Jews of
Carcassonne, who were thrown into prison. In July St. Louis writes to
his seneschal that he wants to get from them all that he can; they are,
therefore, to be held in strict duress, while the amount which they can
be made to pay is to be reported to him. In August he writes that the
sum proposed is not satisfactory, and the seneschal is instructed to
extort all that he can.--Vaissette, Éd. Privat, VIII. 1191-2.
[477] A. Molinier (Vaissette, Éd. Privat, VII. 284-94; VIII.
919).--Coll. Doat, XXXIV. 131, 135, 189; XXXV. 93.--Urbani PP. IV.
Epist. 62 (Martene Thesaur. II. 94).--Bern. Guidon. Hist. Conv.
Albiens.--Vaissette, III. Pr. 467, 500.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcass.
(Doat, XXXI. 143, 146).
[478] C. Molinier, L'Inquisition dans le midi de la France, p. 101.--Les
Olim, III. 1126-9, 1440-2. See also I. 920.
[479] Archives de l'Évêché d'Albi (Doat, XXXV. 83).--Les Olim, I.
556.--Archivio di Napoli, Regist. 4, Lett. B, fol. 47.--Archives de
l'Évêché de Béziers (Doat, XXXI. 35).--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246 c.
3.--Isambert, Anc. Loix Françaises, I. 257.--C. 19 Sexto v. 2.--MSS.
Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 11847.--Collect. Doat, XXXV. 68.--Molinier,
L'Inq. dans de midi de la France, p. 102.--Vaissette, Éd. Privat, X. Pr.
370 sqq.
[480] Boutaric, Saint Louis et Alphonse de Poitiers, Paris, 1870, pp.
455-6.--Douais, Les sources de l'histoire de Inquisition (Revue des
Questions Historiques, Oct. 1881, p. 436).--Coll. Doat, XXXII. 51, 64.
[481] Archives de l'Évêché d'Albi (Doat, XXXIII. 207-72).--Coll. Doat,
XXXV. 93.--Les Olim, II. 111.
[482] Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquis. s. v. _Bona
hœreticor_.--Archidiac. Gloss. sup. c. 19 Sexto v. 2.--Archivio di
Napoli, Regist. 15, Lett. C, fol. 77, 78.
The English law of felony was also retroactive, and all alienations
subsequent to the commission of the crime were void (Bracton, Lib. III.
Tract. ii. cap. 13, No. 8).
[483] Coll. Doat, XXXII. 309, 316.
[484] Les Olim, II. 147.--Doat, XXVI. 253.
[485] Archives Générales de Belgique, Papiers d'État, v. 405.--Mémoires
de Jacques du Clercq, Liv. IV. ch. 4, 14.
In Arras a charter of 1335, confirmed by Charles V. in 1369, protected
the burghers from confiscation when condemned for crime by any competent
tribunal.--Duverger, La Vauderie dans les États de Philippe le Bon,
Arras, 1885, p. 60.
[486] C. 6, 8, 9, 14, Sexto XII. 26.--Bernardi Comensis Lucerna Inquis.
s. v. _Bona hœreticorum_.--Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. pp. 570-2.--Zanchini
Tract. de Hæret. c. xxiv.--J.F. Ponzinib. de Lamiis c. 76.
Severe as was the contemporary English law against felony, it had at
least this concession to justice, that a felon had to be convicted in
his lifetime; his death before conviction thus prevented confiscation
(Bracton, Lib. III. Tract. ii. cap. 13, No. 17).
[487] Lami, Antichità Toscane, pp. 497, 536-7.--It is true that when, in
1335, Henri de Chamay, Inquisitor of Carcassonne, sent to the papal
court the depositions against the memory of eighteen persons accused of
heretical acts committed between 1284 and 1290, and asked for
instructions, the decision was that no reliance was to be placed on the
testimony of witnesses who mostly contradicted themselves, and who only
swore to what they had heard long before. Three previous investigations
against the same persons had been held without reaching a conclusion,
and the papal advisers assumed that there had been good reasons for
dropping the matter.--Vaissette, Éd. Privat, IX. 401.
How the system worked is seen in the complaint made in 1247 to St.
Louis, by Guillem Pierre de Vintrou, that the royal seneschal of
Carcassonne had seized his property derived through his mother, because
his grandfather, seventeen years after death, had been accused of
heresy. St. Louis thereupon ordered an examination and report.--Vaissette,
Éd. Privat, VIII. 1196.
[488] Vaissette, Éd. Privat, VIII. 1641.
[489] Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. xxvii.--Isambert, Anc. Loix
Françaises, I. 257.
Yet there is a case in 1269 in which a creditor of two condemned
heretics applies to Alphonse of Poitiers to be paid out of the
confiscations, and Alphonse orders an inquiry into the
circumstances.--Vaissette, Éd. Privat, VIII. 1682.
[490] Lami, Antichità Toscane, p. 593.--Archivio di Firenze,
Riformagioni, Classe v. No. 110.
[491] MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 14930, fol. 228.--Guid. Fulcod.
Quæst. III.--Archivio di Napoli, Regist. 6, Lett. B, fol. 35; Reg. 10,
Lett. B, fol. 6, 7, 96; Reg. 11, Lett. C, fol. 40; Reg. 13, Lett. A,
fol. 212; Reg. 51, Lett. A, fol. 9; Reg. 71, Lett. M, fol. 382, 385,
440; Reg. 98, Lett. B, fol. 13; Reg. 113, Lett. A, fol. 194; Reg. 253,
Lett. A, fol. 63; MSS. Chioccorello, T. VIII.
[492] Concil. Tolosan. ann. 1229 c. 9.--Concil. Albiens. ann. 1254 c.
24.--Harduin. VII. 415.--Archives de L'Évêché de Béziers (Doat, XXXI.
35).--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246 c. 22.--D. Bouquet, T. XXI. pp. 262,
264, 266, 278, etc.--Vaissette, Éd. Privat, VIII. 1206, 1573.--Archives
de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXI. 250).--Archivio di Napoli, Regist.
20, Lett. B, fol. 91.
The care with which Alphonse looked after the proceeds of the
confiscations is seen in his demand for an account from his seneschal,
Jacques du Bois, March 25, 1268 (Vaissette, Éd. Privat, VIII. 1274).
[493] Molinier, L'Inquisition dans le midi de la France, p. 308.--Bern.
Guidon. Fundat. Convent. Prædicat. (Martene Thesaur. VI.
481).--Boutaric, Saint Louis et Alphonse de Poitiers, pp. 456-7.
[494] Coll. Doat, XXXIV. 189.--In 1317 the result had been much less. We
have the receipt of the royal treasurer of Carcassonne, Lothaire Blanc,
to Arnaud Assalit, dated Sept. 24, 1317, for collections during the year
ending the previous St. John's day, amounting to four hundred and
ninety-five livres six sols eleven deniers, being the balance after
deducting wages and expenses (Doat, XXXIV. 141).
[495] Doat, XXXV. 79, 100.--Vaissette, Éd. Privat, X. Pr. 705, 777, 783.
[496] Potthast No. 13000, 15995.--Monteiro, Historia da Santo
Inquisição, P.I. Lib. II. c. 34, 35.
[497] Mosheim de Beghardis pp. 356-63.
[498] Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. pp. 652-3.
[499] Vaissette, Éd. Privat, X. Pr. 791-2, 802.--Raynald. ann. 1375, No.
26.--Wadding, ann. 1375, No. 21, 22; 1409, No. 13.--Isambert, Anc. Loix
Françaises, V. 491.--Martene Ampl. Collect. VIII. 161-3.
[500] Bernard. Guidon. Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).
[501] Coll. Doat, XXI. 143.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No.
9992.--Doctrina de modo procedendi (Martene Thesaur. V. 1807).--Lami,
Antichità Toscane, pp. 557, 559.--Lib, Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. pp. 2, 4,
36, 208, 254, 265, 289, 380.--Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. pp. 510-12.
[502] Pegnæ Comment, xx. in Eymeric. p. 124.--Tract. de Paup. de Lugd.
(Martene Thesaur. V. 1792).--S. Thom. Aquinat. Summ. Sec. Sec. Q. XI.
Art. 3.--Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. pp. 510-12.--Tract. de Inquisit.
(Doat, XXX.).--Bern. Guidon. Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).--A. de Spina
Fortalic. Fidei Ed. 1494 fol. 76_a_.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds Moreau, No.
444, fol. 10. Cf. Archiv. di Napoli, Reg. 6, Lett. D, fol. 39; Reg. 13,
Lett. A, fol. 139.--Coll. Doat, XXXIV. 189.--Malleus Maleficarum P. II.
Q. i. c. 2.--Albizio, Risposto al P. Paolo Sarpi, p. 30.
Gregory IX. had no scruple in asserting the duty of the Church to shed
the blood of heretics. In a brief of 1234 to the Archbishop of Sens he
says, "_nec enim decuit Apostolicam Sedem in oculis suis, cum Madianita
coeunte Judeo, manum suam a sanguine prohibere, ne si secus ageret non
custodire populum Israel.... videretur_."--Ripoll I. 66.
Friar Heinrich Kaleyser was a celebrated doctor of theology, and was
subsequently Inquisitor of Cologne (Nider. Formicar. v. viii.).
[503] C. 18 Sexto v. 2.--Concil. Albiens. ann. 1254 c. 22.--Eymeric.
Direct. Inq. pp. 372, 562.--Pegnæ Comment. in Eymeric. p. 564.--Guid.
Fulcod. Quæst. x.--Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Ad audientiam_, 1260 (Eymeric.
Append. p. 34).--Bern. Guidon. Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).--Alex. PP.
IV. Bull. _Quœsivisti_, 1260 (Ripoll I. 393).--Wadding. Annal. ann.
1288, No. 20.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. xviii.--Fortalicii Fidei
fol. 74_b_.--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquisit. s. v. _Executio_, No. 1,
8.
[504] Guill. Pod. Laur. cap. 48.--Les Olim, I. 317.--Vaissette, Éd.
Privat, VIII. 1674. X. Pr. 484, 659.--Baluz. et Mansi, II. 257.
[505] Vaissette, III. 410.--Wadding. Annal. ann. 1288, No.
xix.--Hoffmann, Geschichte der Inquisition, II. 391.--Bernardi Comens.
Lucerna Inquisit. s. v. _Executio_, No. 6.--Innoc. PP. VIII. Bull.
_Dilectus filius_, 1486 (Pegnæ App. ad Eymeric. p. 84).--Leo. PP. X.
Bull. _Honestis_, 1521 (Mag. Bull. Rom. I. 617).--Albizio, Risposto al
P. Paolo Sarpi. pp. 64-70.
[506] Rodrigo, Historia Verdadera de la Inquisition, Madrid, 1876, I.
176-77.--Von der Hardt, IV. 317-18.
[507] Von der Hardt, III, 50-1.
[508] Concil. Arelatens. ann. 1234 c. 6.--Concil. Tarraconens. ann.
1242.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246, Append. c. 17.--Bern. Guidon.
Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).--Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. pp.
514-16.--Anon. Passaviens. c. ix. (Mag. Bib. Pat. XIII. 308).--Zanchini
Tract. de Hæret. c. xviii.--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. p. 6.
[509] Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c. 26.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246,
App. c. 9.--Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. pp. 376-77, 521-4.--MSS. Bib. Nat.,
fonds latin, No. 9992.--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolos. pp. 379-80.--Zanchini
Tract, de Hæret. c. xxiii.
[510] Lucii PP. III. Epist. 171.--Hist. Diplom. Frid. II. T. IV. p.
300.--Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c. 11.--Gregor. PP. IX. Bull. _Ad
capiendas_ (Vaissette, III. Pr. 364).--Epistt. Sæcul. XIII. No. 514
(Mon. Germ. Hist.).--Ripoll I. 55.--Concil. Tarraconens. ann.
1242.--Doctrina de modo procedendi (Martene Thesaur. V. 1800).--Concil.
Biterrens. ann. 1246, App. c. 20.--Coll. Doat, XXI. 148, 292,--Lami,
Antichità Toscane, p. 560.
[511] Arch, de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXI. 5, 139, 149).--MSS.
Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 9992.--Martene Thesaur. I, 1045.--Vaissette,
III. Pr. 479.--Molinier, L'Inq. dans le midi de la France, pp. 387-8,
418.--Anon. Passaviens. (Mag. Bib. Pat. XIII. 308).--Tract. de Paup. de
Lugd. (Martene Thesaur. V. 1791).--Doctrina de modo procedendi (Ibid.
1807).--Practica super Inquisit. (MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No.
14930, fol. 206, 212, 213, 222, 223).--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246,
App. c. 33.
[512] Boutaric, Saint Louis et Alphonse de Poitiers, pp. 453-4.
[513] Ripoll I. 254.--C. 4 Sexto v. 2.--Potthast No. 17845.--S. Thom.
Aquin. Sec. Sec. Q. xi. Art. 4.--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. p. 331,
512.--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolos. p. 36.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c.
xvi.
[514] Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. pp. 2-4, 22, 48, 63, 76, 81-90, 122,
142, 149, 150, 198-99, 230, 232, 287-88.
[515] Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Quod super nonnullis_, 9 Dec. 1257, 15 Dec.
1258, 10 Jan. 1260.--Urban. PP. IV. Bull. _Quod super nonnullis_, 21
Aug. 1262.--Can. 8 Sexto v. 2.--Bern. Guidon. Practica P. IV. (Doat,
XXX.).--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. p. 331.--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquis.
s. v. _Relapsus_.--Zanchini Tract. de Hæret. c. xvi.
[516] Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c. 13.--Doctrina de modo procedendi
(Martene Thesaur. V. 1802, 1808).--Bern. Guidon. Practica P. IV. (Doat,
XXX.).--Eymeric. Direct. Inq. p. 386.
[517] Concil. Narbonn. ann. 1244 c. 13.--Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1246,
Append, c. 33.--Concil. Valentin, ann. 1248 c. 13.--Archives de l'Évêché
d'Albi (Doat, XXXV. 69).--Alex. PP. IV. Bull. _Ad audientiam_, 1260
(Mag. Bull. Rom. I. 118).--Guidon. Fulcod. Quæst. XIII.--Bern. Guidon.
Practica P. IV. (Doat, XXX.).--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. pp. 177,
199, 350, 393.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, nouv. nequis. No. 139, fol.
2.--Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. p. 643.--Zanchini Tract, de Hæret. c.
x.--Bern. Comens. Lucerna Inquisit. s. v. _Fuga_, No. 5.--Albertini
Repertor. Inquisit. s. vv. _Deficiens, Impænitens_.
[518] Bern. Guidon. Fund. Conv. Prædicat. (Martene Thesaur. VI.
481-3).--Coll. Doat, XXI. 143, 146.--MSS. Bib. Nat., funds latin, No.
9992.--Molinier, L'Inq. dans le midi de la France, pp. 73-4.
[519] Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. p. 513.--Tract. de Paup. de Lugd.
(Martene Thesaur. V. 1792).
[520] Mladenowie Narrat. (Palacky Monument. J. Huss II. pp.
321-4).--Landucci, Diar. Fiorent. p. 178.
[521] Coll. Doat, XXXIV. 189.
[522] Guillel. Pelisso Chron. Ed. Molinier p. 45.--Coll. Doat, XXXIV
189.
[523] Sozomen. H. E. II. 20.--Constt. vi.; xvi. § I, Cod. I. 5.--Auth.
Novell. CXLVI. c. 1.--Rigord. de Gest. Phil. Aug. ann. 1210.--Petri
Venerab. Tract. contra Judæos c. iv.--D'Argentré, Collect. Judicior. de
nov. Erroribus I. I. 132, 146-56, 349.--Potthast. No. 10759, 10767,
11376.--Ripoll, I. 487-88.--Pelayo, Heterodoxos Españoles, I.
509.--Coll. Doat, XXXVII. 125, 246.--Harduin. Concil. VII. 485.--S.
Martial. Chron. ann. 1309 (Bouquet, XXI. 813).--Lib. Sententt. Inq.
Tolos. pp. 273-4.--Bern. Guidon. Practica (Doat, XXIX. 246).--Raynald.
ann. 1320, No. 23.--Wadding. ann. 1409, No. 12.--C. 1 in Septimo v. 4.
In the Paris condemnation of 1248 the Talmud only is specified, though
in the examination mention is made of the Gloss of Solomon of Troyes,
and of a work which from its description would seem to be the Toldos
Jeschu, or history of Jesus, which so excited the ire of the Carthusian,
Ramon Marti, in his _Pugio Fidei_, and of all subsequent Christians (cf.
Wagenseilii Tela Ignea Satanæ, Altdorfi, 1681). No one can read its
curious account of the career of Christ from a Jewish standpoint without
wondering that a single copy of it was allowed to reach modern times.
[524] Bern. Guidon. Gravam. (Doat, XXX. 101).
[525] Extrav. Commun. Lib. v. Tit. viii. c. 1.--Amalrici Augerii Vit.
Pontif. ann. 1316-17.--Bern. Guidon. Vit. Joann. XXII.
[526] Theod. a Niem de Schismate Lib. I. c. 42, 45, 48, 50, 51, 52, 56,
57, 60.--Gobelin. Personæ Cosmodrom. Aet. VI. c. 78.--Chronik des J. v.
Königshofen (Chron. der Deutschen Städte, IX. 598).--Raynald. ann. 1362,
No. 13; 1372, No. 10.--Poggii Hist. Florentin. Lib. II. ann. 1376.
[527] I have treated this subject at some length in an essay on torture
(Superstition and Force, 3d Edition, 1878), and need not here dwell
further on its details. The student who desires to see the shape which
the inquisitorial process assumed in later times can consult Brunnemann
(Tractatus Juridicus de Inquisitionis Processu, Ed. octava, Francof.
1704), who attributes its origin to the Mosaic law (Deut. XIII. 12;
XVII. 4), and vastly prefers it to the proceeding _per accusationem_.
Indeed, a case in which _accusatio_ failed or threatened to fail could
be resumed or continued by _inquisitio_ (op. cit. Cap. I. No. 2, 15-18).
It supplied all deficiencies and gave the judge almost unlimited power
to convict.
The manner in which the civil power was led to adopt the abuses of the
Inquisition is well illustrated in a Milanese edict of 1393, where the
magistrates, in proceedings against malefactors, are ordered to employ
the inquisitorial process "_summarie et de plano sine strepitu et figura
juditii_" and to supply all defects of fact "_ex certa scientia_"
(Antiq. Ducum Mediolan. Decreta. Mediolani, 1654, p. 188). A comparison
of this with the Milanese jurisprudence of sixty years earlier, quoted
above (p. 401), will show how rapidly in the interval force had usurped
the place of justice.
[528] Fortescue de Laudibus Legum Angliæ cap. xxii.--As late as 1823
there is a case in which a court in Martinique condemned a man to the
galleys for life for "vehement suspicion" of being a sorcerer (Isambert.
Anc. Loix Françaises, XI. 253).
[529] There is evidently something lacking here. It can doubtless be
supplied from Moneta, p. 151. "Et e contrario Deuteronomii, 15, v. 9,
dicit legislator: _Dominaberis nationibus plurimis et nemo tibi
dominabitur_."
[530] It was this bull which enabled inquisitors to administer torture.
A date several years later has usually been assigned to it.