WHAT IS HEAD DIGESTION?
My Study of the Subject--The Mouth as a Digestive Organ--Dr. Cannon's
Researches--Pawlow's Proofs
In the latest comprehensive treatise on human nutrition, under the
title of "Food and the Principles of Dietetics," by Dr. Robert
Hutchinson, of London, more than six hundred pages are devoted to the
subject. Of these, just fifty lines are given to "Mouth Digestion."
In a footnote of sixty-four words Dr. Hutchinson has stated the case
of the importance of careful eating, with admission of a fact that
would mean emancipation from most of the human disabilities if it were
repeated in nurseries and primary schools as religiously as are the
ordinary rules of "polite conduct," and held by Society to be the basis
of respectability, which it really is.
When I first took up the study of dietetics in academic circles, nearly
fifteen years ago, physiologists did not concede that there was any
mouth digestion at all. Putting food in the mouth was for the purpose
of mixing it with saliva so that it could be formed into a "bolus" for
convenient swallowing. Now it is recognised that there is some mouth
digestion. In the meantime Pawlow[J] has demonstrated that the psychic
influence has much to do with digestion. Cannon, also, has shown by the
evidence of the Röntgen rays that mental states retard and even stop
entirely the digestive processes that are going on in the stomach, and
has asserted, as has also Pawlow, that the stomach digestive juices
flow in response to the reports and stimulation of taste, pouring out
into the cavity of the stomach juices appropriate for the digestion of
the particular food being tasted, in advance of its arrival in the
stomach.
[J] Dr. Prof. J. P. Pawlow, Director of the Department of Experimental
Physiology in the Russian Imperial Military School of Medicine, &c.
This evidence, confirming my own secured by concentrated and
unremitting study of the effect of head digestion on health and
recuperative reconstruction, is proof enough that there is an important
department of nutrition that can be properly called head digestion.
MY STUDY OF THE SUBJECT
began with the tip from Mother Logic--that the full extent of the
personal responsibility in nutrition is located in the head before the
food is swallowed. That is what led me to concentrate on the mouth as
the field of our responsibility which had been neglected by Science.
Even the Dental Profession as a whole had not at that time "tumbled"
to the fact that they were occupied professionally and constantly in a
field of "Preventive Medicine" as important as now they find it.
Everybody had supposed that the digestion of food was effected only in
the stomach and small intestines. This may be true, in a narrow sense,
but it can be arrested and completely stopped by the head. Furthermore,
digestion can be as much assisted by favourable head influence as it
can be obstructed by unfavourable head treatment.
This being so, as everybody knows, or can easily learn, what follows as
a logical sequence?
Here is a physiological eye-opener, as it dawns upon the business
physiologist. The obvious inference is that if the head can make
digestion easy or stop it altogether, the stomach being a subservient,
mechanical, and chemical servant of the head in the matter, we may
properly declare that the master-key of digestion is held by the head,
and we may safely say that there is Head Digestion.
THE MOUTH AS A DIGESTIVE ORGAN
The logical continuation of the search for the location of
responsibility for good or poor digestion leads us to consider
the question of "Division of Labour" as apportioned by the Laws of
Normality. All the laboratory evidence I have seen confirms my own
observations of the past fifteen years that Nature assures good results
if we are thoroughly faithful to our head responsibility during the
treatment of food up to the point of swallowing. From that time
digestion has been rendered so easy by thorough mouth preparation that
it may proceed smoothly even if the mental states are not pleasant.
Here, too, we discover that easy digestion reacts favourably on the
mentality and exerts a calming influence.
Some observers declare that idiots digest their food quite easily. The
less mental clarity they possess the better for their metabolism. This
does not argue in favour of the absence of mental influence, for the
idiot is a sensualist, and in the relief from mental excitement finds
enjoyment of taste and the satisfaction of appetite as agreeable as do
the animals under similar favourable conditions.
Quite recently, when I was personally under observation by Dr.
Professor Zuntz in Berlin, to test the ease of my digestion of food as
compared with others who paid less attention to mouth treatment of it,
the good professor instructed me to "be as nearly like a little animal
as possible, thinking nothing of anything." This isn't as easy for a
"live-wire thinking outfit" as for an idiot, or as for an ingenuous
little animal having no thought for the morrow, but the business
physiologist does not scorn to go anywhere for light on Nature's
requirements. One thing is sure, the person who has been faithful
to his personal responsibility by starting the process of digestion
as Nature demands can relax and enjoy metabolic and mental calm in
delightful harmony more easily than one who has gluttony on his
conscience and the wages of sinning on his stomach. These wages look
big to the swollen greed of cultivated gluttony, but they are as bad as
they are big, and the best way to be convinced of this fundamentally
important fact is to realise the potency of head digestion for well or
ill, and give it a practical trial.
The key to good digestion is in the head, and the sooner mankind comes
to realise this important truth the quicker will come the millennium of
nutrition normality.
DR. CANNON'S RESEARCHES
I have just been reading Professor Walter B. Cannon's book in the
Arnold Medical Monograph Series, entitled "The Mechanical Factors of
Digestion." I have learned many valuable lessons from the intestinal
observations of Dr. Cannon, and have seen the shadows he describes on
his fluorescent screen under his practised guidance, and, with his
generous permission, quoted him extensively in my book, _The A. B.--Z.
of Our Own Nutrition_.
It seems that we began our quest for light on the mechanics and
mentality of digestion by objective observation about the same year,
1898. He took a hop, skip and jump over the three inches of the
alimentary canal that is our personal responsibility and, with the aid
of bismuth blackened food and a Röntgen-ray apparatus, began to study
the movements incident to digestion by the shadows cast on the screen.
For this purpose he principally used female cats, because they were
more amenable than male cats to the torture of being tied flat to a
cloth with the possible fear that they were condemned to death as well
as to inactivity. Even the use of pink or blue ribbons as bands of
bondage under the circumstances does not lure their cat-ladyships into
the quietude demanded for normal movements of digestion, and male cats
will not "stand for it" at all.
For ten years or more Professor Cannon and his assistants were devoted
to these Dark Chamber X-ray observations, and in the meantime wading
through hundreds of volumes of _Physiological Archives_ for reports
of other intestinal investigations. The fruit of this thoroughness of
research is more than 400 references to reported data and conclusions
extending back to the dawn of Physiology. To one who has followed the
accounts of the "Diddings" in the "Old Man Greenlaw's Liquor Saloon in
Arkansas City," as given weekly in the New York _Sunday Sun_, these
researches seem to be governed by the strict rules of "Draw Poker."
Eventually all of the cards (or evidence) go into the "discard,"
confirming Sir Michael Foster's dictum, to the effect that "the more we
learn of Physiology the more we know how little we really know."
I recommend everybody to get Dr. Cannon's book and turn at once to
page 74, and read about the importance of mastication in securing easy
digestion free from fermentation. Then turn to page 217 and read his
conclusions relative to the influence of the emotions on digestion.
Put these two statements together, and then judge for yourself if it
is claiming too much to say that there is really Head Digestion, and
that it is in the field of personal responsibility, in the mouth and
in the brain, that good or bad digestion--right or mal-nutrition--are
inaugurated.
You will find the literary quality of Dr. Cannon's book so fascinating,
no matter whether you know the meaning of the terms used or not, that
you will enjoy it like a novel. It has the charm of the diction of Sir
Michael Foster and Sherlock Holmes combined, with enough of the solving
of the secrets of the alimentary canal to satisfy the most exacting
imagination.
If a taste for the inner mysteries has been acquired by the reading
of Professor Cannon's book, further desires in that direction may
be satisfied by reading the physiological prose poem by Professor
Chittenden, in praise of head digestion as the acme of sensual
pleasure. It is a gem, and is quoted in Chapter VII following, in
support of the contention of this chapter. This poem appears in the
book _The Nutrition of Man_ (as studied mainly in starving dogs), and
one wonders why such a pearl of practical, every-day, Kindergarten,
domestic usefulness should be "thrown to the dogs," so to speak.