Gironde, he sent off General Lallemand on the spur, to ascertain the
existence of the vessel, and the sentiments of the captain. The
general returned with all speed, to inform him, that the captain would
be happy and proud, to extricate him from the persecutions of his
enemies: but Napoleon, yielding, as it is said, to the advice of some
persons about him, gave up the idea of attempting this passage, and
determined to throw himself on the generosity of the English.
On the 14th he caused the admiral to be informed, that the next day he
would repair on board his vessel.
On the 15th in the morning, he went off in the brig l'Épervier, and
was received on board the Bellerophon with the honours due to his
rank, and to his misfortune. General Beker, who had orders not to quit
him, attended him. The moment they came alongside, the Emperor said to
him: "Withdraw, general; I would not have it be believed, that a
Frenchman is come to deliver me into the hands of my enemies."
On the 16th the Bellerophon set sail for England.
The Emperor had prepared a letter to the Prince Regent, which General
Gourgaud was directed, to carry to him immediately. It was as follows.
"Rochefort, July the 13th, 1815.
"Royal Highness,
"Exposed to the factions, that distract my country, and to the enmity
of the greatest powers of Europe, I have terminated my political
career; and I come, like Themistocles, to seat myself on the hearth of
the British people. I put myself under the protection of its laws,
which I claim of your Royal Highness, as the most powerful, the most
constant, and the most generous of my enemies."
General Gourgaud had orders, to make known to the Prince, if he
deigned to admit him to his presence or to his ministers, that it was
Napoleon's intention, to retire into any of the counties of England;
and to live there peaceable and unknown, under the name of Colonel
Duroc.
The Emperor showed no apprehension, no anxiety, on the passage. He
relied with security on the noble character of the English.
When he arrived at Plymouth, he was not permitted, to set his foot on
shore; and he was soon informed, the allied powers had decided, that
he should be considered as a prisoner of war, and confined at St.
Helena.
He protested solemnly to the English admiral, and in the face of
Heaven and of mankind, against this violation of the most sacred
rights; against the violence put upon his person, and upon his
liberty.
This protest proving vain, he submitted with calm and majestic
resignation to the decree of his enemies. He was removed on board the
Northumberland, which immediately set sail for St. Helena.
On passing Cape la Hogue, he descried the coast of France. Immediately
he saluted it; and, stretching out his hands toward the shore,
exclaimed with a voice of deep emotion: "Adieu, land of the brave!
adieu, dear France! a few traitors less, and thou wilt still be the
great nation, and mistress of the world."
On the 17th of October the parched rocks were pointed out to him, that
were soon to become the walls of his prison. He contemplated them
without complaint, without agitation, without fear.
On the 18th he landed; and, after having protested anew against this
violence done his person, he repaired to the place of his captivity
with a firm and confident step.
Thus terminated the political life of Napoleon.
Some have been astonished, that he chose to survive himself. He might
have killed himself; nothing is easier for a man. But was such an end
worthy of him? A king, a great king, ought not to die the desperate
death of a conspirator, of the head of a party. To use the proper
words of the illustrious captive at St. Helena, he ought to be
superior to the rudest attacks of adversity.
No! it was worthy of the great Napoleon, to oppose the inflexibility
of his mind to the fickleness of fortune; and like the Roman, who was
reproached with not having died by his own hand after a great
catastrophe, he too made answer: "I have done more, I have lived!"
FATE OF THE PERSONS
WHO ARE NOTICED IN THESE MEMOIRS.
ROYAL GOVERNMENT.
MINISTERS.
Prince Talleyrand, dismissed, a peer of France.
M. Dambray, dismissed, a peer of France.
M. L'Abbé de Montesquiou, dismissed, a peer of France.
General Dupont, dismissed, a peer of France.
Marshal Soult, dismissed, proscribed.
The Duke of Feltre, dismissed, dead.
The Comte de Blacas, dismissed, a peer of France.
MINISTERS OF STATE.
Comte Ferrand, dismissed, a peer of France.
The Viscount de Chateaubriand, dismissed, a peer of France.
Baron de Vitrolles, dismissed.
MARSHALS.
Marshal Marmont, major-general of the royal guards.
Marshal Macdonald, major-general of the royal guards.
Marshal Victor, major-general of the royal guards.
Marshal Gouvion de St. Cyr, minister at war.
IMPERIAL GOVERNMENT.
MINISTERS.
The Prince Cambacérès, banished, returned.
The Prince of Eckmuhl, a peer of France.
The Duke of Vicenza, retired from public affairs.
The Duke of Decrès, retired from public affairs.
The Duke of Otranto, banished.
The Duke of Gaëta, a peer of France, (secret letter, _lettre close_).
Count Mollien, a peer of France.
M. Carnot, proscribed.
The Duke of Bassano, proscribed.
MINISTERS OF STATE.
Count Defermont, proscribed, recalled.
Count Regnault de St. Jean d'Angely, proscribed, recalled: died in
consequence of his exile.
Count Boulay de la Meurthe, proscribed.
Count Merlin de Douay, proscribed.
Count Andréossy, a peer of France.
MARSHALS.
Marshal Ney, shot.
Marshal Brune, massacred.
The Prince of Eckmuhl, a peer of France.
Prince Massena, dismissed, died.
Marshal Mortier, a peer of France.
Marshal Jourdan, a peer of France.
Marshal Soult, proscribed, recalled.
Marshal Lefevre, a peer of France.
Marshal Suchet, a peer of France.
Marshal Grouchy, proscribed.
The Duke of Rovigo, condemned to death for non-appearance.
Count Bertrand, condemned to death for non-appearance.
General Drouot, tried, acquitted, retired from the service.
General Cambronne, tried, acquitted, retired from the service.
GRENOBLE.
General Marchand, tried, acquitted.
General Debelle, condemned to death, pardoned.
Colonel Labedoyère, shot.
LYONS.
General Brayer, condemned to death for non-appearance.
General Mouton Duvernet, shot.
General Girard, killed at Ligny.
PLOT AT COMPIÈGNE AND LAFERE.
(Vol. I. Page 205.)
General d'Erlon, condemned to death for non-appearance.
General Lefevre Desnouettes, condemned to death for non-appearance.
The Generals Lallemand (brothers), condemned to death for
non-appearance.
BORDEAUX.
General Clausel, condemned to death for non-appearance.
The Generals Faucher (brothers), shot.
VALENCE (DROME).
Marshal Grouchy, proscribed.
General Chartran, shot.
VENDÉE.
General Travot, condemned to death, imprisoned for life.
General Lamarque, proscribed, recalled.
ARMIES. COMMANDERS OF CORPS.
General Decaen, tried, acquitted.
General Rapp, a peer of France.
General Reille, a peer of France.
General de Lobau, proscribed, recalled.
General d'Erlon, condemned to death for non-appearance.
General Gérard, retired from the service.
General Vandamme, proscribed.
General Excelmans, proscribed, recalled.
General Pajol, retired from the service.
General Foi, retired from the service [one of the new fifth of the
chamber of deputies.--_Tr._].
General Fressinet, proscribed.
General de Bourmont, commandant of the cavalry of the guard.
MEMBERS OF THE CHAMBER OF REPRESENTATIVES.
M. Lanjuinais, president, a peer of France.
M. Dupont de l'Eure, dismissed from his office of president of the
court of Rouen. A deputy in the present chamber. Leader of the
opposition.
M. Durbach, proscribed, recalled.
M. M. Defermont, Boulay, Regnault, proscribed.
M. Lafayette, a deputy, in opposition.
M. Manuel, a deputy, in opposition.
M. Roi, minister of state, a deputy.
M. Dupin, counsellor at law, celebrated for his talents and
patriotism.
NEGOTIATING COMMISSIONERS.
General Sébastiani, in actual service.
Count de Pontécoulant, a peer of France.
Count Delaforest, a peer of France.
Count Andréossy, a peer of France.
Count Boissy d'Anglas, a peer of France.
Count de Valence, excluded from the chamber of peers.
M. de la Besnardiere, retired from public affairs.
M. Lafayette, a deputy, in opposition.
M. D'Argenson, a deputy, in opposition.
M. Flaugergues, without any employment, neuter in his opinions.
M. Benjamin Constant, a political writer and deputy.
M. Delavalette, condemned to death, saved from the scaffold by
conjugal affection, and the heroism of three Englishmen, Sir Robert
Wilson, Mr. Bruce, and Mr. Hutchinson.
General Grenier, a deputy, in opposition.
Baron Quinette, banished, recalled.
M. Thibaudeau, proscribed.
General Beker, a peer of France.
General Flahaut, naturalized in England.
M. de Tromeling, a major-general in actual service.
The author of these Memoirs, independent.
THE END.