1. Historia Francorum and Gesta Regum Francorum (discovered by Outzen
and Leo).
In A.D. 520 a raid was made on the territory of the Chatuarii. Their
king Theodberht, son of Theodric I, defeated Chocilaicus, who was
killed. This Chocilaicus is identified with the Hygelac of our poem,
and the raid with Hygelac's raid on the Hetware (= Chatuarii), the
Franks, and the Frisians. This helps us to estimate the date for
Beowulf as having been born somewhere about the end of the fifth
century.
2. Historia Francorum, by Gregory of Tours. The author speaks of the
raider as the King of the Danes.
3. Liber Monstrorum. In this work the raider is Rex Getarum, King of
the Geats, who may correspond with the Geats of our poem. The Geats
were the people of Gautland in Southern Sweden. See Appendix XI.