any kind: proficiency: course: passage from place to place: procession: a
journey of state: a circuit.--_v.i._ PR[=O]GRESS', to go forward: to make
progress: to grow better: to proceed: to advance: to improve.--_v.t._
(_Shak._) to move or push forward.--_n._ PR[=O]GRES'SION, motion onward:
act or state of moving onward: progress: regular and gradual advance:
increase or decrease of numbers or magnitudes according to a fixed law:
(_mus._) a regular succession of chords or the movements of the parts in
harmony.--_adj._ PR[=O]GRES'SIONAL.--_ns._ PR[=O]GRES'SIONIST,
PROG'RESSIST, one who believes in the progress of society and its future
perfection: one who believes in the development of animals and plants from
one simple form.--_adj._ PR[=O]GRESS'IVE, progressing or moving forward:
advancing gradually: improving.--_n._ one in favour of reform.--_adv._
PR[=O]GRESS'IVELY.--_n._ PR[=O]GRESS'IVENESS.--ARITHMETICAL PROGRESSION
(see ARITHMETIC); GEOMETRICAL PROGRESSION, a series of numbers or
quantities in which each succeeding one is produced by _multiplying_ or
_dividing_ the preceding one by a fixed number or quantity, as 1, 4, 16,
64, &c., or 18, 6, 2; HARMONIC PROGRESSION (see HARMONIC); MUSICAL
PROGRESSION, the regular succession of chords or the movement of the parts
of a musical composition in harmony, where the key continues unchanged.
[Fr.,--L. _progressus_--_progredi_, to go forward--_pro_, forward, _gradi_,
to go.]
PROGYMNASIUM, pr[=o]-jim-n[=a]'zi-um, _n._ in Germany, a classical school
in which the higher classes are wanting: a school preparatory to a
gymnasium.
PROHIBIT, pr[=o]-hib'it, _v.t._ to hinder: to check or repress: to prevent:
to forbid: to interdict by authority.--_ns._ PROHIB'ITER; PROHIBI'TION, the
act of prohibiting, forbidding, or interdicting: an interdict: the
forbidding by law of the manufacture and sale of alcoholic drinks;
PROHIB'ITIONISM; PROHIBI'TIONIST, one who favours prohibitory duties in
commerce: one who advocates the forbidding by law of the manufacture and
sale of alcoholic drinks.--_adj._ PROHIB'ITIVE.--_adv._
PROHIB'ITIVELY.--_adj._ PROHIB'ITORY, that prohibits or forbids:
forbidding.--PROHIBITED DEGREES (see FORBIDDEN DEGREES, under
DEGREE).--WRIT OF PROHIBITION (_law_), a writ from a superior tribunal
staying proceedings in a lower court: (_Scots law_) a clause in a deed of
entail forbidding the heir to sell the estate, contract debt, &c. [L.
_prohib[=e]re_, _prohibitum_--_pro_, before, _hab[=e]re_, to have.]
PROIN, proin, _v.t._ an obsolete form of _prune_.
PRO INDIVISO, pr[=o] in-di-v[=i]'so, (_law_) applied to rights which two or
more persons hold in common.
PROJECT, pr[=o]j'ekt, _n._ a plan: a scheme: contrivance. [O. Fr. _project_
(Fr. _projet_)--L. _projectum_--_pro_, before, _jac[)e]re_, to throw.]
PROJECT, pr[=o]-jekt', _v.t._ to throw out or forward: to cast forward in
the mind: to contrive or devise: to exhibit (as in a mirror): to draw
straight lines from a fixed point through every point of any body or
figure, and let these fall upon a surface so as to form the points of a new
figure: to exhibit in relief.--_v.i._ to shoot forward: to jut out: to be
prominent.--_adj._ PROJEC'TILE, projecting or throwing forward: impelling
or impelled forward: that can be thrust forward.--_n._ a body projected by
force, esp. through the air: a cannon or rifle ball.--_adj._
PROJEC'TING.--_n._ PROJEC'TION, the act of projecting: that which juts out:
a plan or design: a delineation: a representation of any object on a plane,
esp. (_geom._) the earth's surface: (_alch._) the act of throwing anything
into a crucible, hence the act or result of transmutation of metals: the
crisis of any process, esp. a culinary process.--_adj._ PROJEC'TIVE,
produced by projection: (_geom._) capable, as two plane figures, of being
derived from one another by a number of projections and sections.--_ns._
PROJECTIV'ITY; PROJECT'MENT (_rare_), design; PROJEC'TOR, one who projects
or forms schemes: a parabolic mirror: a camera for throwing an image on a
screen; PROJEC'TURE, a jutting out beyond the main line or
surface.--MERCATOR'S PROJECTION, a map of the world with meridian lines
which are straight and parallel, and with parallels of latitude at
distances from each other, increasing towards the poles, invented by the
Flemish cosmographer, _Mercator_, in 1550.
PROKER, pr[=o]'ker, _n._ (_prov._) a poker.
PROLAPSE, pr[=o]-laps', _n._ (_med._) a falling down, or out, of some part
of the body from the position which it usually occupies--also
PROLAP'SUS.--_v.i._ to fall down: to protrude. [L. _prolabi_, _prolapsus_,
to fall forward--_pro_, forward, _labi_, to fall.]
PROLATE, pr[=o]'l[=a]t, _adj._ extended lengthwise: having the diameter
between the poles longer than at right angles to it, as a spheroid.--_ns._
PROL[=A]TE'NESS, PROL[=A]'TION, a bringing forth: pronunciation: delay:
(_mus._) a division. [L. _prolatus_, pa.p. of _proferre_, to bring
forward--_pro_, forth, _ferre_, to bear.]
PROLEG, pr[=o]'leg, _n._ one of the abdominal limbs of the larvæ of
insects.
PROLEGOMENA, pr[=o]-leg-om'en-a, _n.pl._ an introduction to a
treatise:--_sing._ PROLEGOM'ENON.--_adjs._ PROLEGOM'ENARY, PROLEGOM'ENOUS,
prefatory: prolix. [Gr.,--_pro_, before, _legein_, to say.]
PROLEPSIS, pr[=o]-lep'sis, _n._ (_rhet._) a figure by which objections are
anticipated and answered: the dating of an event before its proper
time:--_pl._ PROLEP'S[=E]S.--_adjs._ PROLEP'TIC, -AL.--_adv._
PROLEP'TICALLY. [Gr.,--_pro_, before, _lambanein_, to take.]
PROLETARIAN, pr[=o]-le-t[=a]'ri-an, _adj._ belonging to the poorest
labouring class: having little or no property: plebeian: vulgar.--_n._ a
member of the poorest class--also PROLETAIRE', PR[=O]'LETARY.--_adj._
PROLET[=A]'NEOUS, having numerous offspring.--_ns._ PROLET[=A]'RIANISM, the
condition of the poorest classes; PROLET[=A]'RIAT, -E, the lowest class.
[L. _proletarius_ (in ancient Rome), a citizen of the sixth and lowest
class, who served the state not with his property, but with his
children--_proles_, offspring.]
PROLICIDE, pr[=o]'li-s[=i]d, _n._ infanticide.
PROLIFERATE, pr[=o]-lif'e-r[=a]t, _v.i._ to grow by multiplication of
elementary parts: (_zool._) to reproduce by proliferation.--_v.t._ to bear
by reproduction.--_n._ PROLIFER[=A]'TION, the birth and growth of
generative zoöids.--_adjs._ PROLIF'ER[=A]TIVE, PROLIF'EROUS.--_adv._
PROLIF'EROUSLY. [L. _proles_, progeny, _ferre_, to bear.]
PROLIFIC, -AL, pr[=o]-lif'ik, -al, _adj._ bringing forth offspring:
producing young or fruit: productive: bringing about results: (_bot._)
applied to a flower from which another is produced.--_ns._ PROLIF'ICACY,
PROLIF'ICNESS.--_adv._ PROLIF'ICALLY.--_n._ PROLIFIC[=A]'TION, the
generation of young animals or plants: (_bot._) development of a shoot from
an organ normally ultimate. [Fr. _prolifique_--L. _proles_ (for
_pro-oles_), offspring, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]
PROLIX, pr[=o]'liks, _adj._ tedious: long and wordy: dwelling too long on
particulars: (_obs._) long.--_adj._ PROLIX'IOUS (_Shak._), dilatory,
tedious.--_ns._ PROLIX'ITY, PROLIX'NESS.--_adv._ PROLIX'LY. [Fr.
_prolixe_--L. _prolixus_--_pro_, forward, _liqui_, to flow.]
PROLL, pr[=o]l, _v.i._ (_Spens._) to prowl, rob. [_Prowl._]
PROLOCUTOR, pr[=o]-lok'[=u]-tor, _n._ the chairman of a convocation, or
meeting of clergy: (_rare_) a spokesman:--_fem._ PR[=O]LOC'UTRIX.--_n._
PR[=O]LOC'UTORSHIP. [L., _pro_, before, _loqui_, _locutus_, to speak.]
PROLOGUE, pr[=o]'log, _n._ a preface: the introductory verses before a
play: (_Shak._) the speaker of a prologue.--_v.t._ to introduce with a
prologue or preface.--_v.i._ PR[=O]'LOGISE, -UISE, to deliver a prologue.
[Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _prologos_--_pro_, before, _logos_, speech.]
PROLONG, pr[=o]-long', _v.t._ to lengthen out: (_Shak._) to put off to
another time: to continue.--_v.i._ to lengthen out.--_v.t._ PROLONG'[=A]TE,
to lengthen.--_ns._ PROLONG[=A]'TION, act of prolonging in space or time:
the additional length made by prolonging; PROLONG'ER. [Fr. _prolonger_--L.
_prolong[=a]re_--_pro_, forward, _longus_, long.]
PROLONGE, pr[=o]-lonj', _n._ a hemp rope consisting of three pieces joined
by two open rings, and having a hook at one end and a toggle at the other.
[Fr.]
PROLUSION, pr[=o]-l[=u]'zhun, _n._ a prelude, introduction: an essay
preparatory to a more solid treatise. [L.,--_pro_, before, _lud[)e]re_,
_lusum_, to play.]
PROMACHOS, prom'a-kos, _n._ a deity who fights in front of, or champions,
some person or state. [Gr.]
PROMENADE, prom-e-näd', or -n[=a]d', _n._ a walk for pleasure, show, or
exercise: a place for walking.--_v.i._ to walk for amusement, show, or
exercise.--_n._ PROMENÄ'DER.--PROMENADE CONCERT, an entertainment in which
the audience promenades or dances during the music. [Fr.,--from (_se_)
_promener_, to walk--L. _promin[=a]re_, to drive forwards--_pro_, forward,
_min[=a]re_, to drive.]
PROMETHEAN, pr[=o]-m[=e]'th[=e]-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Prometheus_, who
stole fire from heaven, for which Zeus chained him to a rock, to be
tortured by a vulture.--_n._ a glass tube containing sulphuric acid and an
inflammable mixture: a kind of lucifer-match.--_n._ PROM[=E]'THEUS, a large
silk-spinning moth. [Gr., lit. 'forethinker;' or Sans. _pramantha_, a
fire-stick.]
PROMINENT, prom'i-nent, _adj._ standing out beyond the line or surface of
something: projecting: most easily seen: conspicuous: principal: eminent:
distinguished.--_ns._ PROM'INENCE, PROM'INENCY, state or quality of being
prominent: conspicuousness: distinction.--_adv._ PROM'INENTLY. [Fr.,--L.
_promin[=e]re_, to jut forth--_pro_, forth, _min[=e]re_, to jut.]
PROMISCUOUS, pr[=o]-mis'k[=u]-us, _adj._ mixed: confused: collected
together without order: indiscriminate: not restricted to one individual:
(_prov._) casual, accidental.--_n._ PROMISC[=U]'ITY, mixture without order
or distinction: promiscuous sexual intercourse.--_adv._
PROMIS'CUOUSLY.--_n._ PROMIS'CUOUSNESS. [L. _promiscuus_--_pro_, inten.,
_misc[=e]re_, to mix.]
PROMISE, prom'is, _n._ an engagement made by a person either verbally or in
writing to do or keep from doing something: expectation or that which
causes expectation: a ground for hope of future excellence: (_rare_)
fulfilment of what is promised.--_v.t._ to make an engagement to do or not
to do something: to afford reason to expect: to assure: to engage to
bestow.--_v.i._ to assure one by a promise: to afford hopes or
expectations: (_rare_) to stand sponsor.--_ns._ PROM'ISE-BREACH (_Shak._),
violation of promise; PROM'ISE-BREAK'ER (_Shak._), a violator of
promises.--_adj._ PROM'ISE-CRAMMED (_Shak._), crammed or filled with
promises.--_ns._ PROMIS[=EE]', the person to whom a promise is made;
PROM'ISER, PROM'ISOR.--_adj._ PROM'ISING, affording ground for hope or
expectation: likely to turn out well.--_advs._ PROM'ISINGLY;
PROM'ISSORILY.--_adj._ PROM'ISSORY, containing a promise of some engagement
to be fulfilled.--_n._ PROM'ISSORY-NOTE, a note by one person promising to
pay a sum of money to another, or to bearer, at a certain date, or at
sight, or on demand.--PROMISED LAND, the land promised by God to Abraham
and his seed: Canaan: heaven.--BE PROMISED (_rare_), to have an engagement;
BREACH OF PROMISE (see BREACH); CONDITIONAL PROMISE, a promise of which the
obligation depends on certain conditions--opp. to _Absolute promise_;
EXPRESS PROMISE, a promise expressed orally or in writing; THE PROMISE, the
assurance of God to Abraham that his descendants should become the chosen
people. [Fr. _promesse_--L. _promissa_, _promitt[)e]re_, to send
forward--_pro_, forward, _mitt[)e]re_, to send.]
PROMONTORY, prom'on-tor-i, _n._ a headland or high cape jutting out into
the sea: (_anat._) a projection on the sacrum: a rounded elevation in the
tympanum of the ear. [L. _promontorium_--_pro_, forward, _mons_, _montis_,
a mountain.]
PROMOTE, pr[=o]-m[=o]t', _v.t._ to move forward: to help on the growth or
improvement of anything: to advance: to further: to encourage: to raise to
a higher position: to elevate.--_ns._ PROM[=O]'TER; PROM[=O]'TION, the act
of promoting: advancement in rank or in honour: encouragement:
preferment.--_adj._ PROM[=O]'TIVE.--BE ON ONE'S PROMOTION, to have right or
hope of promotion: to be on good behaviour with a view to chances of
promotion. [L. _promotus_, pa.p. of _promov[=e]re_--_pro_, forward,
_mov[=e]re_, to move.]
PROMPT, promt, _adj._ prepared: ready and willing: acting with alacrity:
cheerful: unhesitating: (_obs._) inclined, disposed.--_v.t._ to incite: to
move to action: to assist a speaker when at a loss for words: to suggest to
the mind.--_n._ a limit of time given for payment for merchandise
purchased, the limit being stated on the _prompt-note_, the note of
reminder.--_ns._ PROMPT'-BOOK, a copy of a play arranged for the prompter's
use; PROMPT'ER; PROMPT'ING, the act of prompting or suggesting: that which
is prompted or suggested; PROMPT'IT[=U]DE, promptness: readiness:
willingness: quickness of decision and action.--_adv._ PROMPT'LY.--_ns._
PROMPT'NESS; PROMPT'[=U]ARY, a magazine, repository, a handbook;
PROMPT'[=U]RE (_Shak._), suggestion: instigation. [Fr.,--L.
_promptus_--_pr[=o]m[)e]re_, to bring forward--_pro_, forth, _em[)e]re_, to
bring.]
PROMULGATE, pr[=o]-mul'g[=a]t, _v.t._ to publish: to proclaim: to make
widely known--(_arch._) PROMULGE'.--_ns._ PROMULG[=A]'TION, act of
promulgating: publication: open declaration: (_law_) the first official
publication of a new law; PROM'ULG[=A]TOR. [L. _promulg[=a]re_,
_-[=a]tum_.]
PROMUSCIS, pr[=o]-mus'is, _n._ a proboscis, esp. of hemipters.--_adj._
PROMUS'CID[=A]TE, like or having a promuscis.
PRONAOS, pr[=o]-n[=a]'os, _n._ the open porch in front of a temple. [Gr.,
_pro_, before, _naos_, a temple.]
PRONATION, pr[=o]-n[=a]'shun, _n._ the act of turning the palm of the hand
downwards--opp. to _Supination_.--_v.t._ PR[=O]'NATE, to turn the palm
downwards effected by means of the pronator muscle.--_n._ PRON[=A]'TOR, a
muscle of the forearm by which pronation is effected. [L. _pron[=a]re_,
_-[=a]tum_, to lead forward--_pronus_.]
PRONE, pr[=o]n, _adj._ with the face downward: bending forward: headlong:
disposed: inclined or sloping.--_adv._ PRONE'LY.--_n._ PRONE'NESS. [O.
Fr.,--L. _pronus_; cog. with Gr. _pr[=e]n[=e]s_, prone.]
PRONG, prong, _n._ the spike of a fork or similar instrument: one of
several points or projections, as on an antler.--_v.t._ to stab with a
prong.--_adj._ PRONGED, having prongs.--_n._ PRONG'-HOE.--_adj._
PRONG'-HORN, having horns with a prong.--_n._ the prong-buck or cabrit, the
American antelope. [Nasalised form of Prov. Eng. _prog_, to prick--W.
_procio_; cf. Gael. _brog_, to goad, _brog_, an awl.]
PRONOMINAL. See PRONOUN.
PRONONCÉ, pr[=o]-nong-s[=a]', _adj._ decided: self-asserting:--_fem._
PRONONCÉE. [Fr.; cf. _Pronounce_.]
PRONOTUM, pr[=o]-n[=o]'tum, _n._ the tergal portion of the prothorax in the
Insecta:--_pl._ PRON[=O]'TA.--_adj._ PRON[=O]'TAL. [Gr. _pro_, before,
_n[=o]tos_, back.]
PRONOUN, pr[=o]'nown, _n._ a word used instead of a noun.--_adj._
PRONOM'INAL, belonging to, or of the nature of, a pronoun.--_adv._
PRONOM'INALLY.
PRONOUNCE, pr[=o]-nowns', _v.t._ to make known by speaking: to utter with
the proper sound and accent: to speak distinctly: to utter formally: to
utter rhetorically: to declare.--_v.i._ to utter confidently: to utter
words.--_adjs._ PRONOUNCE'ABLE, capable of being pronounced; PRONOUNCED',
marked with emphasis: marked.--_adv._ PRONOUN'CEDLY.--_ns._ PRONOUNCE'MENT,
act of pronouncing: an announcement or proclamation; PRONOUN'CER.--_adjs._
PRONOUN'CING, PRONUN'CIAL, giving or marking pronunciation.--_n._
PRONUNCI[=A]'TION, act or mode of pronouncing: art of speaking distinctly
and correctly: utterance. [Fr. _prononcer_--L. _pronunti[=a]re_--_pro_,
forth, _nunci[=a]re_, to announce--_nuntius_, a messenger.]
PRONUNCIAMENTO, pr[=o]-nun-si-a-men'to, _n._ a manifesto: a formal
proclamation. [Sp.]
PROOEMIUM, pr[=o]-[=e]'mi-um, _n._ same as PROEM--also PROE'MION: (_rhet._)
exordium.--_adj._ PROOE'MISE.
PROOF, pr[=oo]f, _n._ that which proves or establishes the truth of
anything: test: (_obs._) experience: experiment: any process to discover or
establish a truth: that which convinces: demonstration: evidence which
convinces the mind: state of having been proved: (_pl._) in equity
practice, the instruments of evidence in their documentary form: (_Scots
law_) the taking of evidence by a judge upon an issue framed in pleading: a
test, hence 'Armour of proof,' armour proved to be trustworthy: (_arith._)
an operation checking the accuracy of a calculation: firmness of mind: a
certain strength of alcoholic spirits: (_print._) an impression taken for
correction, also 'proof-sheet:' an early impression of an engraving--'proof
before letter'=one taken before the title is engraved on the plate:
(_phot._) the first print from a negative.--_adj._ firm in resisting:
noting alcoholic liquors having the specific gravity 0.920:--_pl._
PROOFS.--_ns._ PROOF'-ARM'OUR, armour proved to be able to resist ordinary
weapons; PROOF'-CHARGE, an extraordinary amount of powder and shot put into
a gun to test its strength; PROOF'-HOUSE, a house fitted up for proving the
barrels of firearms; PROOF'-LEAF (same as PROOF-SHEET).--_adj._ PROOF'LESS,
wanting proof or evidence.--_ns._ PROOF'-MARK, a mark stamped on a gun to
show that it has stood the test; PROOF'-READ'ER, a person who reads printed
proofs to discover and correct errors; PROOF'-SHEET, an impression taken on
a slip of paper for correction before printing finally; PROOF'-SPIR'IT, a
mixture containing fixed proportions of alcohol and water--nearly half its
weight and fully half its volume of alcohol; PROOF'-TEXT, a passage of
Scripture held to prove a certain doctrine.--ARTIST'S PROOF, a first
impression from an engraved plate or block; BURDEN OF PROOF (see BURDEN);
INDIA PROOF (see INDIAN). [O. Fr. _prove_ (Fr. _preuve_)--L. _prob[=a]re_,
to prove.]
PROOSTRACUM, pr[=o]-os'tra-kum, _n._ the forward continuation of the guard
or rostrum in the Belemnites. [Gr. _pro_, before, _ostrakon_, shell.]
PROOTIC, pr[=o]-ot'ik, _n._ a bone developed in some vertebrata in front of
the ear--also _adj._ [Gr. _pro_, before, _ous_, _[=o]tos_, ear.]
PROP, prop, _n._ anything on which a weight rests for support: a support: a
stay.--_v.t._ to keep from falling by means of something placed under or
against: to support or to sustain in any way:--_pr.p._ prop'ping; _pa.t_.
and _pa.p._ propped.--_n._ PROP'PAGE. [Allied to Sw. _propp_, Ger. _propf_,
a stopper; some connect also with Ger. _pfropf_, a graft--L. _propago_, a
set, layer.]
PROPÆDEUTIC, -AL, pr[=o]-p[=e]-d[=u]'tik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to
preliminary instruction.--_n._ PROPÆDE[=U]'TIC, a preliminary branch of
knowledge: (_pl._) the introduction to an art or science. [Gr. _pro_,
before, _paideuein_, to teach.]
PROPAGATE, prop'a-g[=a]t, _v.t._ to increase by generation or other natural
process: to multiply plants by layers: to extend: to produce: to impel
forward in space, as sound, light, energy, &c.: to spread from one to
another: to promote: to extend the knowledge of: (_obs._) to
increase.--_v.i._ to be produced or multiplied: to have young.--_adj._
PROP'AGABLE, that can be propagated or increased by generation or other
natural process.--_ns._ PROPAGAN'DA, PROP'AGAND, a committee (_congregatio
de propaganda fide_) at Rome charged with the management of the R.C.
missions: any association for the spread of opinions and principles, esp.
such as are opposed to the existing government; PROPAGAND'ISM, practice of
propagating tenets or principles: zeal in spreading one's opinions:
proselytism; PROPAGAND'IST, one who devotes himself to propagandism;
PROPAG[=A]'TION, act of propagating: the spreading or extension of
anything, as light, sound, energy, &c.: increase: enlargement.--_adj._
PROP'AG[=A]TIVE.--_ns._ PROP'AG[=A]TOR; PROPAGAT[=O]'RIUM (_biol._), the
reproductive apparatus.--_adj._ PROP'AG[=A]TORY.--_ns._ PROP[=A]'GO, a
layer or branch laid down to root; PROPAG'[=U]LUM, a runner or sucker
ending in an expanded bud: a gemma or bud affecting asexual propagation in
many algæ. [L. _prop[=a]g[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, conn. with _pro-p[=a]g-o_, a
layer.]
PROPALE, pr[=o]-p[=a]l', _v.t._ to disclose.
PROPALINAL, pr[=o]-pal'i-nal, _adj._ moving backward and forward, as the
under jaw in mastication. [L. _pro_, forward, Gr. _palin_, backward.]
PROPAROXYTONE, pr[=o]-par-ok'si-t[=o]n, _adj._ having the acute accent on
the antepenultimate or third last syllable.--_n._ a word having the acute
accent on the antepenultimate.
PROPEL, pr[=o]-pel', _v.t._ to drive forward: to urge onward by
force:--_pr.p._ propel'ling; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ propelled'.--_n._
PROPEL'LANT, that which drives forward.--_adj._ PROPEL'LENT.--_ns._
PROPEL'LER, one who, or that which, propels: any kind of mechanism for
moving a ship through the water, by a paddle-wheel, oar, screw, &c.: a
vessel thus propelled: a spinning-bait; PROPEL'MENT, act of propelling:
propelling mechanism. [L. _pro_, forward, _pell[)e]re_, to drive.]
PROPEND, pr[=o]-pend', _v.i._ (_Shak._) to lean toward: to be in favour of
anything.--_adj._ PROPEND'ENT. [L. _propend[=e]re_--_pro_, forward,
_pend[=e]re_, _pensum_, to hang.]
PROPENSE. pr[=o]-pens', _adj._ leaning towards in a moral sense: inclined:
disposed.--_adv._ PROPENSE'LY.--_ns._ PROPENSE'NESS, PROPENS'ITY,
inclination of mind: tendency to good or evil: disposition; PROPEN'SION,
tendency to move in a certain direction.--_adj._ PROPEN'SIVE. [L.
_propensus_, hanging forward.]
PROPER, prop'[.e]r, _adj._ one's own: fitted for a person's nature or
qualities: peculiar: belonging to only one of a species (as a name):
natural: suitable: correct: just: right: becoming: (_B._) comely, pretty:
in liturgics, used only on a particular day or festival.--_n._ something
set apart for a special use.--_adv._ (_coll._) very, exceedingly.--_adv._
PROP'ERLY, in a proper manner: (_coll._) entirely, extremely.--_n._
PROP'ERNESS.--PROPERLY SPEAKING, in the strict sense: speaking without
qualification. [Fr. _propre_--L. _proprius_, one's own, akin to _prope_,
near.]
PROPERISPOMENON, pr[=o]-per-i-sp[=o]m'e-non, _n._ a word with the
circumflex accent on the penult. [Gr.,--_pro_, before, _peri_, round,
_sp[=a]n_, to draw.]
PROPERTY, prop'[.e]r-ti, _n._ that which is proper to any person or thing:
a quality which is always present: any quality: that which is one's own: an
estate: right of possessing, employing, &c.: ownership: (_Shak._)
individuality: (_pl._) articles required by actors in a play.--_v.t._
(_Shak._) to invest with certain properties: to make a tool of,
appropriate.--_adj._ PROP'ERTIED, possessed of property or
possessions.--_ns._ PROP'ERTY-MAN, -MAS'TER, one who has charge of the
stage properties in a theatre; PROP'ERTY-ROOM, the room in which the stage
properties of a theatre are kept; PROP'ERTY-TAX, a tax paid by persons
possessed of property, at the rate of so much per cent. on its
value.--MOVABLE or PERSONAL PROPERTY, property that may attend the person
of the owner, movables; PRIVATE PROPERTY, that which belongs to an
individual for his personal disposition and use--opp. to PUBLIC PROPERTY;
REAL PROPERTY, lands, tenements, and hereditaments, real estate; QUALIFIED
PROPERTY, the right a man has in reclaimed wild animals--also called
SPECIAL PROPERTY: such right as a bailee has in the chattel transferred to
him by the bailment. [O. Fr. _properte_--a doublet of _propriety_.]
PROPHASIS, prof'a-sis, _n._ prognosis. [Gr.]
PROPHECY, prof'e-si, _n._ a prediction: public interpretation of Scripture:
instruction: (_B._) a book of prophecies. [O. Fr. _prophecie_--L.
_prophet[=i]a_--Gr. _proph[=e]teia_--_proph[=e]t[=e]s_.]
PROPHESY, prof'e-s[=i], _v.t._ to foretell: to predict.--_v.i._ (_B._) to
exhort: to expound religious subjects.--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._
proph'es[=i]ed.--_ns._ PROPH'ES[=I]ER; PROPH'ESYING. [_s_ has been
arbitrarily substituted for _c_, to distinguish the verb from the noun.]
PROPHET, prof'et, _n._ one who proclaims or interprets the will of God: one
who announces things to come: one who predicts or foretells events: (_B._)
one inspired by God to warn and teach: (_pl._) the writings of the
prophets.--_n.fem._ PROPH'ETESS.--_ns._ PROPH'ETHOOD, PROPH'ETSHIP,
quality, office of a prophet.--_adjs._ PROPHET'IC, -AL, pertaining to a
prophet: containing prophecy: foreseeing or foretelling events.--_adv._
PROPHET'ICALLY.--_n._ PROPH'ETISM.--PROPHETIC OFFICE, the office of a
prophet.--FORMER PROPHETS, Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings; LATTER
PROPHETS, the prophets properly so called; MAJOR PROPHETS, the prophets
whose books come before that of Hosea; MINOR PROPHETS, the prophets from
Hosea to Malachi; SCHOOL OF THE PROPHETS, a school among the ancient Jews
for training young men as teachers of the people; THE PROPHETS, one of the
three divisions into which the ancient Jews divided their
Scriptures--consisting of the _former_ and the _latter_ prophets (see
above). [Fr.,--L. _proph[=e]ta_--Gr. _proph[=e]t[=e]s_--_pro_, before, in
behalf of, _ph[=e]-mi_, _phanai_, to speak.]
PROPHYLACTIC, prof-i-lak'tik, _adj._ guarding against: defending from
disease.--_n._ a medicine which wards off disease.--_n._ PROPHYLAX'IS. [Gr.
_pro_, before, _phylassein_, to guard.]
PROPINE, pr[=o]-p[=i]n', _v.t._ to pledge in drinking: to present,
guarantee.--_n._ (_obs._) money given as drink-money, any pledge or gift:
the power of giving.--_n._ PROPIN[=A]'TION, act of drinking healths. [O.
Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _propinein_, _pro_, before, _pinein_, to drink.]
PROPINQUITY, pr[=o]-ping'kwi-ti, _n._ nearness in time, place, or blood:
proximity: neighbourhood.--_v.i._ PROPINQ'UATE, to approach. [L.
_propinquitas_--_propinquu_s, near--_prope_, near.]
PROPITIATE, pr[=o]-pish'i-[=a]t, _v.t._ to make propitious: to render
favourable.--_v.i._ to make propitiation: to atone.--_adj._ PROPI'TIABLE,
that maybe propitiated or rendered favourable.--_ns._ PROPITI[=A]'TION, act
of propitiating: (_theol._) that which propitiates: atonement: the death of
Christ as a ground of the forgiveness of sin; PROPI'TI[=A]TOR.--_adv._
PROPI'TIATORILY.--_adj._ PROPI'TI[=A]TORY, having power to propitiate:
expiatory.--_n._ the Jewish mercy-seat.--_adj._ PROPI'TIOUS, favourable:
disposed to be gracious or merciful: ready to forgive.--_adv._
PROPI'TIOUSLY.--_n._ PROPI'TIOUSNESS. [L. _propiti[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to
make favourable--_propitius_, well disposed; orig. perh. an augur's term
with reference to the flying of birds--_pro_, forward, _pet[)e]re_, to
seek, orig. fly; by others conn. with _prope_, near.]
PROPLASM, pr[=o]'plazm, _n._ a mould, matrix.--_adj._ PROPLAS'TIC, forming
a mould.
PROPODITE, prop'[=o]-d[=i]t, _n._ the sixth joint of the typical limb of a
Crustacean.
PROPODIUM, pr[=o]-p[=o]'di-um, _n._ the anterior division of the foot in
some Gasteropoda and Pteropoda. [Gr. _pro_, before, _pous_, _podos_, the
foot.]
PROPOLIS, prop'[=o]-lis, _n._ a red, resinous, odorous substance like wax
collected by bees and used to stop crevices in the hive, strengthen cells,
&c. [Gr.,--_pro_, before, _polis_, city.]
PROPONENT, pr[=o]-p[=o]'nent, _adj._ proposing.--_n._ one who makes a
proposal or proposition: (_law_) one who propounds a will for probate.
PROPORTION, pr[=o]-p[=o]r'shun, _n._ the relation of one thing to another
in regard to magnitude: fitness of parts to each other: symmetrical
arrangement: (_math._) the identity or equality of ratios: the 'rule of
three,' in which three terms are given to find a fourth: equal or just
share: (_obs._) form, figure.--_v.t._ to adjust: to form symmetrically: to
correspond to: to divide into proper shares.--_adj._ PROPOR'TIONABLE, that
may be proportioned: having a proper proportion.--_n._
PROPOR'TIONABLENESS.--_adv._ PROPOR'TIONABLY.--_adj._ PROPOR'TIONAL, having
a due proportion: relating to proportion: (_math._) having the same or a
constant ratio.--_n._ (_math._) a number or quantity in a proportion.--_n._
PROPORTIONAL'ITY.--_adv._ PROPOR'TIONALLY.--_adj_. PROPOR'TIONATE, adjusted
according to a proportion: proportional.--_v.t._ to make proportional: to
adjust in proportion.--_adv._ PROPOR'TIONATELY.--_ns._ PROPOR'TIONATENESS,
the quality of being adjusted according to settled rates or comparative
relation; PROPOR'TIONING, adjustment of proportions.--_adj._
PROPOR'TIONLESS, without proportion or symmetry of parts.--PROPORTIONAL
REPRESENTATION, representation in a parliament, &c., according to the
number of electors in an electoral district.--COMPOUND PROPORTION, a
proportion between two quantities, each of which is the product of two or
more, those of the first set being in their order proportional to those of
the other; IN PROPORTION, in the degree or measure, according; INVERSE, or
RECIPROCAL, PROPORTION, an equality of ratio between two quantities and the
reciprocals of other two, as 6 : 3 = ½ : ¼. [L. _proportio_--_pro_, in
comparison with, _portio_, _portionis_, part, share.]
PROPOSE, pr[=o]-p[=o]z', _v.t._ to put forward or offer for consideration,
&c.: to purpose or intend: (_obs._) to place out, state, utter, discourse:
(_Shak._) to face, confront.--_v.i._ to form an intention or design: to
offer, especially marriage: (_Shak._) to converse--_n._ (_obs._) talk,
discourse.--_n._ PROP[=O]'SAL, anything proposed: terms or conditions
proposed.--_n._ PROP[=O]'SER. [Fr.,--pfx. _pro-_, _poser_, to place.]
PROPOSITION, prop-[=o]-zish'un, _n._ a placing before: offer of terms: that
which is proposed: the act of stating anything: that which is stated:
(_gram._ and _logic_) a complete sentence, or one which affirms or denies
something: (_math._) a theorem or problem to be demonstrated or
solved.--_adj._ PROPOSI'TIONAL, pertaining to, or of the nature of, a
proposition: considered as a proposition. [Fr.,--L. _propositio_.]
PROPOUND, pr[=o]-pownd', _v.t._ to offer for consideration: to
exhibit.--_n._ PROPOUND'ER. [Orig. _propone_--L.,--_pro_, forth,
_pon[)e]re_, to place.]
PROPRÆTOR, PROPRETOR, pr[=o]-pr[=e]'tor, _n._ a magistrate of ancient Rome,
who, after acting as prætor in Rome, was appointed to the government of a
province.
PROPRIETOR, pr[=o]-pr[=i]'e-tor, _n._ one who has anything as his property:
an owner:--_fem._ PROPR[=I]'ETRESS, PROPR[=I]'ETRIX.--_adjs._
PROPR[=I]'ETARY, PROPRIET[=O]'RIAL, belonging to a proprietor.--_n._
PROPR[=I]'ETARY, a proprietor, owner: a body of proprietors: the rights of
a proprietor.--_n._ PROPR[=I]'ETORSHIP, state or right of a proprietor:
ownership.--PROPRIETARY RIGHT, the right of a proprietor: the common-law
right of a playwright to control production or representation of his drama
so long as unpublished: the right when protected by copyright after
publication.
PROPRIETY, pr[=o]-pr[=i]'e-ti, _n._ a person's right of possession: state
of being proper or right: agreement with established principles or customs:
fitness: accuracy: property: (_obs._) individuality.--THE PROPRIETIES,
conventional customs of society. [Fr.,--L. _proprietas_--_proprius_, one's
own.]
PROPRIUM, pr[=o]'pri-um, _n._ selfhood.
PROPROCTOR, pr[=o]-prok'tor, _n._ a substitute or assistant proctor.
PROPTERYGIUM, pr[=o]-t[=e]-rij'i-um, _n._ the anterior basal cartilage of
the fins in the _Elasmobranchii_:--_pl._ PROPTERY'GIA.--_adj._
PROPTERY'GIAL. [L. _pro_, before, L.,--Gr. _pterygion_, a fin, _pteron_, a
wing.]
PROPUGNATION, pr[=o]-pug-n[=a]'shun, _n._ (_Shak._) defence. [L., _pro_,
for, _pugn[=a]re_, to fight.]
PROPULSION, pr[=o]-pul'shun, _n._ act of propelling: a driving
forward.--_adjs._ PROPUL'SIVE, PROPUL'SORY, tending or having power to
propel. [Low L. _propulsio_--L. _propell[)e]re_, _propulsum_, to push
forward.]
PROPYLÆUM, pr[=o]-pi-l[=e]'um, _n._ a gateway of architectural importance,
leading into a temple, &c.:--_pl._ PROPYLÆ'A.--_n._ PR[=O]'PYLON, a
monumental gateway before the entrance of an ancient Egyptian temple, &c.
[Gr. _pro_, before, _pyl[=e]_, a gate.]
PRO RATA, pr[=o] r[=a]'ta, according to one's share: in proportion.--_v.t._
PROR[=A]TE', to assess pro rata.
PRORE, pr[=o]r, _n._ Same as PROW.
PRORECTOR, pr[=o]-rek'tor, _n._ a substitute or assistant rector.
PRO RE NATA, pr[=o] r[=e] n[=a]'ta, dealing with something that arises
unexpectedly or out of due course, for special business. [L. _pro_, for,
_re_, abl. of _res_, thing, _nata_, abl. fem. of _natus_, born.]
PROROGUE, pr[=o]-r[=o]g', _v.t._ to bring the meetings of parliament to an
end for a time: to put off from one session to another:--_pr.p._
pror[=o]g'uing: _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pror[=o]gued'.--_v.t._
PR[=O]'ROG[=A]TE.--_n._ PROROG[=A]'TION, act of proroguing: a lengthening
out: a putting off to another time, esp. the bringing to an end of a
session of parliament. [Fr.,--L. _prorog[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_pro_,
forward, _rog[=a]re_, to ask.]
PRORSAD, pror'sad, _adv._ (_anat._) forward.--_adj._ PROR'SAL, anterior.
PROSAIC, -AL, pr[=o]-z[=a]'ik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to prose: like prose:
commonplace in style, manner, or thought: dull.--_adv._
PROS[=A]'ICALLY.--_ns._ PROS[=A]'ICISM, PROS[=A]'ICNESS, quality of being
prosaic; PR[=O]'SAISM, a prose idiom: a prosaic phrase; PR[=O]'SAIST, a
writer of prose: a commonplace person.
PROSCENIUM, pr[=o]-s[=e]'ni-um, _n._ the front part of the stage: the
curtain and its framework. [L.,--Gr. _prosk[=e]nion_--_pro_, before,
_sk[=e]n[=e]_, the stage.]
PROSCRIBE, pr[=o]-skr[=i]b', _v.t._ to publish the names of persons to be
punished: to put beyond the protection of law: to banish: to prohibit: to
denounce, as doctrine.--_ns._ PR[=O]SCRIB'ER; PR[=O]'SCRIPT; PROSCRIP'TION,
the act of proscribing or dooming to death or outlawry: utter
rejection.--_adj._ PR[=O]SCRIP'TIVE, pertaining to, or consisting in,
proscription.--_adv._ PR[=O]SCRIP'TIVELY. [L. _proscrib[)e]re_--_pr_o,
before, publicly, _scrib[)e]re_, _scriptum_, to write.]
PROSE, pr[=o]z, _n._ the direct, straightforward arrangement of words, free
from poetical measures: ordinary spoken and written language: all writings
not in verse.--_adj._ pertaining to prose: not poetical: plain:
dull.--_v.i._ to write prose: to speak or write tediously.--_v.t._ to
compose in prose.--_ns._ PROSE'-MAN, PR[=O]'SER, PROSE'-WRIT'ER, a writer
of prose.--_adv._ PR[=O]'SILY, in a prosy manner: tediously.--_ns._
PR[=O]'SINESS, the state or quality of being prosy; PR[=O]'SING, speaking
or writing in a dull or prosy way.--_adj._ PR[=O]'SY, dull, tedious.
[Fr.,--L. _prosa_--_prorsus_, straightforward--_pro_, forward,
_vert[)e]re_, _versum_, to turn.]
PROSECT, pr[=o]-sekt', _v.t._ to dissect beforehand.--_v.i._ to perform the
duties of a prosector, one who dissects a body for the illustration of
anatomical lectures.--_ns._ PROSEC'TION; PROSEC'TOR.--_adj._
PROSECT[=O]'RIAL.--_n._ PROSEC'TORSHIP. [L. _pro_, before, _sec[=a]re_, to
cut.]
PROSECUTE, pros'[=e]-k[=u]t, _v.t._ to follow onwards or pursue, in order
to reach or accomplish: to continue: to pursue by law: to bring before a
court.--_v.i._ to carry on a legal prosecution.--_ns._ PROSEC[=U]'TION, the
act of prosecuting or pursuing, esp. a civil or criminal suit: the party by
which legal proceedings are instituted; PROS'EC[=U]TOR, one who prosecutes
or pursues any plan or business: one who carries on a civil or criminal
suit:--_fem._ PROS'EC[=U]TRIX.--PUBLIC PROSECUTOR, a person whose duty it
is to conduct prosecutions in the public interest. [L. _prosequi_--_pro_,
onwards, _sequi_, _secutus_, to follow.]
PROSELYTE, pros'e-l[=i]t, _n._ one who has come over from one religion or
opinion to another: a convert, esp. one who left the heathen and joined a
Jewish community.--_v.t._ to convert.--_v.t._ PROS'ELYT[=I]SE, to make
proselytes.--_ns._ PROS'ELYT[=I]SER, one who proselytises; PROS'ELYTISM,
the act of proselytising or of making converts: conversion.--PROSELYTE OF
THE GATE, a convert who was not compelled to submit to the regulations of
the Mosaic law. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _pros[=e]lytos_--_proserchomai_, I come
to--_pros_, to, _erchomai_, _[=e]lthon_, to come.]
PROSENCEPHALON, pros-en-sef'a-lon, _n._ the fore-brain, comprising the
cerebral hemispheres and olfactory processes.--_adj._ PROSENCEPHAL'IC. [Gr.
_pros_, before, _enkephalon_, the brain--_en_, in, _kephal[=e]_, the head.]
PROSENCHYMA, pros-eng'ki-ma, _n._ the fibro-vascular system or tissue of
plants--opp. to _Parenchyma_, the soft tissues.--_adj._ PROSENCHYM'ATOUS.
[Gr. _pros_, to, _enchyma_, an infusion.]
PROSEUCHE, (-A), pros-[=u]'k[=e], (-kä), _n._ a place of prayer: among the
Jews one that was not a synagogue, or the temple, usually roofless:--_pl._
PROSEU'CHÆ. [Gr. _pros_, towards, _euchesthai_, to pray.]
PROSILIENCY, pr[=o]-sil'i-en-si, _n._ a standing forward.
PROSIT, pr[=o]'sit, _interj._ good luck to you, a salutation in drinking
healths customary among German students. [3d pers. sing. pres. subj. of
_prodesse_, to be of use--_pro_, for, _esse_, to be.]
PROSOBRANCHIATA, pros-[=o]-brangk-i-[=a]'ta, _n.pl._ an order or sub-class
of gasteropods having the gills anterior to the heart.--_adj._
PROSOBRANCH'I[=A]TE. [Gr. _pros[=o]_, forward, _branchia_, gills.]
PROSODY, pros'[=o]-di, _n._ that part of grammar which treats of quantity,
accent, and the laws of verse or versification.--_adjs._ PROS[=O]'DIAL,
PROSOD'IC, -AL, pertaining to prosody: according to the rules of
prosody.--_ns._ PROS[=O]'DIAN, PROS'ODIST, one skilled in prosody.--_adv._
PROSOD'ICALLY. [Fr.,--L. _pros[=o]dia_, Gr. _pros[=o]dia_--_pros_, to,
_[=o]d[=e]_, a song.]
PROSOPOPEIA, PROSOPOPOEIA, pros-[=o]-p[=o]-p[=e]'ya, _n._ a rhetorical
figure by which inanimate objects are spoken of as persons:
personification. [Gr. _pros[=o]popoiia_--_pros[=o]pon_, a person, _poiein_,
to make.]
PROSOPULMONATA, pros-[=o]-pul-m[=o]-n[=a]'ta, _n.pl._ a group of
air-breathing gasteropods in which the pulmonary sac occupies a forward
position.--_adj._ PROSOPUL'MON[=A]TE. [Gr. _pros[=o]_, forward, L. _pulmo_,
a lung.]
PROSPECT, pros'pekt, _n._ a looking forward: that which the eye takes in at
once: a view: object of view: a scene: expectation: a long, straight, wide
street: outlook, exposure.--_v.i._ PROSPECT', to make a search, esp. for
chances of mining for precious metals.--_ns._ PROSPEC'TER, -OR, one who
explores for valuable minerals; PROSPEC'TING, searching a district for gold
or silver mines with a view to further operations; PROSPEC'TION, the act of
looking forward or of providing for future wants.--_adj._ PROSPEC'TIVE,
looking forward: expected: acting with foresight: relating to the future:
distant.--_n._ outlook: prospect.--_adv._ PROSPEC'TIVELY.--_ns._
PROSPEC'TIVENESS; PROSPEC'TUS, the outline of any plan submitted for public
approval, particularly of a literary work or of a joint-stock concern. [L.
_prospectus_--_prospic[)e]re_, _prospectum_--_pro_, forward, _spec[)e]re_,
to look.]
PROSPER, pros'p[.e]r, _v.t._ to make fortunate or happy: (_B._) to make to
prosper.--_v.i._ to be successful: to succeed: to turn out well.--_n._
PROSPER'ITY, the state of being prosperous: success: good fortune.--_adj._
PROS'PEROUS, according to hope: in accordance with one's wishes: making
good progress: favourable: successful.--_adv._ PROS'PEROUSLY.--_n._
PROS'PEROUSNESS. [L. _prosper_, _prosperus_--_pro_, in accordance with,
_spes_, hope.]
PROSPHYSIS, pros'-fi-sis, _n._ morbid adhesion of the eyelids to each other
or to the eyeball. [Gr.]
PROSTATE, pros't[=a]t, _adj._ standing in front, applied to a gland in
males at the neck of the bladder.--_n._ the gland at the neck of the
bladder.--_adj._ PROSTAT'IC.--_n._ PROSTAT[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the
prostate gland. [Gr. _prostat[=e]s_--_pro_, before, _sta_, root of
_hist[=e]mi_, I set up.]
PROSTHENIC, pros-then'ik, _adj._ strong in the fore-parts.
PROSTHESIS, pros'the-sis, _n._ addition, affixion, as of letters at the
beginning of a word: the fitting of artificial parts to the body.--_adj._
PROSTHET'IC. [Gr.]
PROSTITUTE, pros'ti-t[=u]t, _v.t._ to expose for sale for bad ends: to sell
to lewdness: to devote to any improper purpose.--_adj._ openly devoted to
lewdness: sold to wickedness.--_n._ a female who indulges in lewdness, esp.
for hire, a whore: a base hireling.--_ns._ PROSTIT[=U]'TION, the act or
practice of prostituting: lewdness for hire: the being devoted to infamous
purposes; PROS'TIT[=U]TOR, one who prostitutes either himself or another.
[L. _prostitu[)e]re_, _-[=u]tum_--_pro_, before, _statu[)e]re_, to place.]
PROSTRATE, pros'tr[=a]t, _adj._ thrown forwards on the ground: lying at
length: lying at mercy: bent in adoration.--_v.t._ to throw forwards on the
ground: to lay flat: to overthrow: to sink totally: to bow in humble
reverence.--_n._ PROSTR[=A]'TION, act of throwing down or laying flat: act
of falling down in adoration: dejection: complete loss of strength. [L.
_pro_, forwards, _stern[)e]re_, _stratum_, to strew.]
PROSTYLE, pr[=o]'st[=i]l, _adj._ (_archit._) having a range of detached
columns in front.
PROSY. See PROSE.
PROSYLLOGISM, pr[=o]-sil'[=o]-jizm, _n._ a syllogism of which the
conclusion is the premise of another.
PROTACTIC, pr[=o]-tak'tik, _adj._ placed at the beginning, introductory.
PROTAGONIST, pr[=o]-tag'on-ist, _n._ a leading character, esp. in a
play.--_n._ PR[=O]'TAGON, a nitrogenous substance obtained from the brain
and other tissues. [Gr. _pr[=o]tos_, first, _ag[=o]nist[=e]s_, a
combatant.]
PROTAMOEBA, pr[=o]-ta-m[=e]'ba, _n._ a low form of the _Monera_, which is
constantly changing its form by sending out and withdrawing pseudopodia.
PRO TANTO, pr[=o] tan'to, for so much: to a certain extent: to the extent
mentioned.
PROTASIS, prot'a-sis, _n._ (_rhet._) the first part of a conditional
sentence--opp. to _Apodosis_: the first part of a dramatic
composition.--_adj._ PROTAT'IC. [Gr.,--_pro_, before, _tasis_, a
stretching, _teinein_, to stretch.]
PROTEAN, pr[=o]'t[=e]-an, _adj._ readily assuming different shapes, like
_Proteus_, the sea-god, fabled to have the power of changing himself into
an endless variety of forms: variable: inconstant.
PROTECT, pr[=o]-tekt', _v.t._ to cover in front: to cover over: to shield
from danger: to defend: to shelter.--_adv._ PROTEC'TINGLY.--_ns._
PROTEC'TION, act of protecting: state of being protected: preservation:
defence: that which protects: guard: refuge: security: a writing
guaranteeing against molestation or interference: passport: a fostering of
home produce and manufactures by laying taxes on the importation of foreign
goods; PROTEC'TIONISM, the doctrine of the protectionists; PROTEC'TIONIST,
one who favours the protection of trade by law.--_adj._ favouring the
economic doctrine of protection.--_adj._ PROTEC'TIVE, affording protection:
defensive: sheltering.--_n._ that which protects.--_adv._
PROTEC'TIVELY.--_ns._ PROTEC'TIVENESS; PROTEC'TOR, one who protects from
injury or oppression: a guardian: a regent:--_fem._ PROTEC'TRESS,
PROTEC'TRIX.--_adjs._ PROTEC'TORAL, PROTECT[=O]'RIAL, pertaining to a
protector or a regent.--_n._ PROTEC'TOR[=A]TE, government by a protector:
the authority assumed by a superior: relation assumed by a strong nation to
a weak one, whereby the latter is protected from hostile or foreign
interference.--_adj._ PROTEC'TORLESS.--_ns._ PROTEC'TORSHIP; PROTEC'TORY,
an institution for destitute children. [L., _pro_, in front, _teg[)e]re_,
_tectum_, to cover.]
PROTÉGÉ, pr[=o]-t[=a]-zh[=a]', _n._ one under the protection of another: a
pupil: a ward:--_fem._ PROTÉGÉE. [Fr., pa.p. of _protéger_, to protect--L.
_proteg[)e]re_.]
PROTEIN, pr[=o]'t[=e]-in, _n._ the first element in any compound: formerly
the supposed common radical of the group of bodies which form the most
essential articles of food, albumen, fibrine, &c.--_n._ PR[=O]'T[=E]ID, a
body containing protein: one of several bodies which go to make up the soft
tissues of animals and vegetables. [Gr. _pr[=o]tos_, first, suffix _-in_.]
PRO TEMPORE, pr[=o] tem'po-r[=e], for the time being: temporary--sometimes
written _pro tem._--_adj._ PROTEMPOR[=A]'NEOUS, temporary.
PROTEND, pr[=o]-tend', _v.t._ to stretch or hold out.--_ns._ PROTENSE'
(_Spens._), extension; PROTEN'SION, duration; PROTEN'SITY.--_adj._
PROTEN'SIVE. [L.,--_pro_, forth, _tend[)e]re_, _tensum_, to stretch.]
PROTEOLYTIC, pr[=o]-t[=e]-[=o]-lit'ik, _adj._ converting food material into
protein.--_n._ PROTEOL'YSIS. [_Proteid_, Gr. _lyein_, to relax.]
PROTERANDRY, prot-e-ran'dri, _n._ the maturity of the anthers of a perfect
flower before its stigma is ready to receive the pollen.--_adj._
PROTERAN'DROUS.
PROTEROGLYPHA, prot-e-rog'li-fa, _n.pl._ a group of snakes having the
anterior maxillary teeth grooved. [Gr. _proteros_, fore, _glyphein_, to
carve.]
PROTEROGYNY, prot-e-roj'i-ni, _n._ the maturity of the stigmas of a perfect
flower before its anthers have matured their pollen.--_adj._
PROTEROG'YNOUS.
PROTERVITY, pr[=o]-ter'vi-ti, _n._ peevishness, wantonness:--_pl._
PROTER'VITIES. [O. Fr.,--L.,--_protervus_, wanton--_pro_, forth,
_ter[)e]re_, to bruise.]
PROTEST, pr[=o]-test', _v.i._ to bear witness before others: to declare
openly: to give a solemn declaration of opinion (_against_).--_v.t._ to
make a solemn declaration of: to note, as a bill of exchange, on account of
non-acceptance or non-payment: (_rare_) to call as a witness: (_obs._) to
publish, make known: (_Shak._) to vow.--_n._ PR[=O]'TEST, a solemn or
formal declaration, esp. in writing, expressing dissent: the noting by a
notary-public of an unpaid or unaccepted bill: a written declaration,
usually by the master of a ship, stating the circumstances attending loss
or injury of ship or cargo, &c.--_adj._ PROT'ESTANT, protesting: pertaining
to the faith of those who protest against the errors of the Church of
Rome.--_n._ one of those who, in 1529, protested against an edict of
Charles V. and the Diet of Spires denouncing the Reformation: a member of
one of those churches founded by the Reformers: one who protests.--_v.t._
PROT'ESTANTISE.--_ns._ PROT'ESTANTISM, the Protestant religion: state of
being a Protestant; PROTEST[=A]'TION, an act of protesting: a solemn
declaration: a declaration of dissent: a declaration in pleading;
PROT'EST[=A]TOR; PROTEST'ER.--_adv._ PROTEST'INGLY. [Fr.,--L.
_protest[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_, to bear witness in public--_pro_, before,
_test[=a]ri_--_testis_, a witness.]
PROTEUS. See PROTEAN.
PROTEVANGELIUM, pr[=o]-t[=e]-van-jel'i-um, _n._ the earliest announcement
of the gospel (Gen. iii. 15): an apocryphal gospel ascribed to James,
Jesus' brother.
PROTHALAMIUM, pr[=o]-tha-l[=a]'mi-um, _n._ a piece written to celebrate a
marriage.--Also PROTHAL[=A]'MION. [Gr. _pro_, before, _thalamos_, a
bride-chamber.]
PROTHALLIUM, pr[=o]-thal'i-um, _n._ the green, leaf-like, cellular
expansion which grows from the spore of a fern.--Also PROTHALL'US. [Gr.
_pro_, before, _thallus_, a young shoot.]
PROTHESIS, proth'e-sis, _n._ in the Greek Church the preliminary oblation
of the eucharistic elements before the liturgy: the table used.
[Gr.,--_pro_, before, _tithenai_, to place.]
PROTHONOTARY, pr[=o]-thon'[=o]-ta-ri, _n._ a chief notary or clerk: one of
the chief secretaries of the chancery at Rome: a chief clerk or registrar
of a court, in certain of the United States--also PROTON'OTARY.--_adj._
PROTHONOT[=A]'RIAL.--_n._ PROTHONOT[=A]'RIAT, the college constituted by
the twelve apostolical prothonotaries in Rome. [Late L.,--Gr. _pr[=o]tos_,
first, L. _notarius_, a clerk.]
PROTHORAX, pr[=o]-th[=o]'raks, _n._ the anterior segment of the thorax of
insects.--_adj._ PROTHORAC'IC (-ras-).
PROTISTA, pr[=o]-tis'ta, _n.pl._ a proposed term for a zoological kingdom
including PROTOZOA and PROTOPHYTA. [Gr. _pr[=o]tistos_, superl. of
_pr[=o]tos_, first.]
PROTOCOCCUS, pr[=o]-t[=o]-kok'us, _n._ a microscopic vegetable organism
forming the green scum upon trees, tiles, &c. [Gr. _pr[=o]tos_, first,
_kokkos_, a berry.]
PROTOCOL, pr[=o]'t[=o]-kol, _n._ the first copy of any document: the rough
draft of an instrument or transaction: the original copy.--_v.i._ to issue,
form protocols.--_v.t._ to make a protocol of--also
PR[=O]'TOCOL[=I]SE.--_n._ PR[=O]'TOCOLIST, a registrar or clerk. [Fr.,--Low
L. _protocollum_--Late Gr. _pr[=o]tokollon_, the first leaf, containing the
writer's name, date, &c.--Gr. _pr[=o]tos_, first, _kolla_, glue.]
PROTOGENAL, pr[=o]-toj'e-nal, _adj._ primitive.--_n._ PROTOGEN'ESIS,
abiogenesis.--_adjs._ PROTOGENET'IC, PROTOGEN'IC, noting crystalline or
fire-formed rocks: noting intercellular spaces formed within
undifferentiated plant tissues.--_n._ PR[=O]'TOGINE, a variety of granite
in the Alps.
PROTOMARTYR, pr[=o]'t[=o]-mär-t[.e]r, _n._ St Stephen, the first Christian
martyr: the first who suffers in any cause.
PROTOPHYTE, pr[=o]'t[=o]-f[=i]t, _n._ the first or lowest order of
plants.--_n.pl._ PROTOPH'YTA.--_adj._ PROTOPHYT'IC. [Gr. _pr[=o]tos_,
first, _phyton_, a plant.]
PROTOPLASM, pr[=o]'t[=o]-plazm, _n._ living matter: a homogeneous,
structureless substance, forming the physical basis of life, endowed with
contractility, with a chemical composition allied to that of
albumen.--_adj._ PROTOPLASM'IC.--_n._ PR[=O]'TOPLAST, he who, or that
which, was first formed: an original: the first parent.--_adj._
PROTOPLAST'IC. [Gr. _pr[=o]tos_, first, _plasma_, form--_plassein_, to
form.]
PROTOTHERIA, pr[=o]-t[=o]-th[=e]'ri-a, _n.pl._ the hypothetical primitive
mammals, ancestors of the monotremes. [Gr. _pr[=o]tos_, first, _th[=e]r_,
wild beast.]
PROTOTYPE, pr[=o]'t[=o]-t[=i]p, _n._ the first or original type or model
from which anything is copied: an exemplar: a pattern.--_adjs._
PR[=O]'TOTYPAL, PR[=O]TOTYP'ICAL. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr., _pr[=o]tos_, first,
_typos_, a type.]
PROTOVERTEBRÆ, pr[=o]-t[=o]-ver'te-br[=e], _n.pl._ the rudimentary segments
formed in the vertebrate embryo from the medullary plates, from which the
bodies of the vertebræ, spinal nerve-roots, &c. are developed.--_adjs._
PROTOVER'TEBRAL, PROTOVER'TEBRATE.
PROTOXIDE, pr[=o]-tok's[=i]d, _n._ the first oxide--that is, an oxide
containing one equivalent of oxygen combined with one equivalent of a base.
PROTOZOA, pr[=o]-t[=o]-z[=o]'ä, _n.pl._ the first or lowest class of
animals:--_sing._ PROTOZ[=O]'ON.--_adjs._ PROTOZ[=O]'AN; PROTOZ[=O]'IC,
pertaining to the protozoa: containing remains of the earliest life of the
globe. [Gr. _pr[=o]tos_, first, _z[=o]on_, an animal.]
PROTRACT, pr[=o]-trakt', _v.t._ to draw out or lengthen in time: to
prolong: to put off in time: to draw to a scale.--_p.adj._ PROTRAC'TED,
drawn out in time: tedious: prolonged: postponed.--_adv._
PROTRAC'TEDLY.--_n._ PROTRAC'TER.--_adj._ PROTRAC'TILE, susceptible of
being thrust out.--_n._ PROTRAC'TION, act of protracting or prolonging: the
delaying of the termination of a thing: the plotting or laying down of the
dimensions of anything on paper.--_adj._ PROTRAC'TIVE, drawing out in time:
prolonging: delaying.--_n._ PROTRAC'TOR, one who, or that which, protracts:
a mathematical instrument for laying down angles on paper, used in
surveying, &c. [L.,--_pro_, forth, _trah[)e]re_, to draw.]
PROTRUDE, pr[=o]-tr[=oo]d', _v.t._ to thrust or push forward: to drive
along: to put out.--_v.i._ to be thrust forward or beyond the usual
limit.--_adjs._ PROTRUD'ABLE, PROTRU'SILE, protractile; PROTRU'SIBLE, able
to be protruded.--_n._ PROTRU'SION, the act of thrusting forward or beyond
the usual limit: the state of being protruded: that which
protrudes.--_adj._ PROTRU'SIVE, thrusting or impelling forward:
protruding.--_adv._ PROTRU'SIVELY.--_n._ PROTRU'SIVENESS. [L.
_protrud[)e]re_--_pro_, forward, _trud[)e]re_, to thrust.]
PROTUBERANCE, pr[=o]-t[=u]b'[.e]r-ans, _n._ a prominence: a tumour.--_adj._
PROT[=U]'BERANT, swelling: prominent.--_adv._ PROT[=U]'BERANTLY.--_v.i._
PROT[=U]'BER[=A]TE, to bulge out.--_n._ PROT[=U]BER[=A]'TION. [L.
_protuber[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_pro_, forward, _tuber_, a swelling.]
PROUD, prowd (_comp._ PROUD'ER; _superl._ PROUD'EST), _adj._ having
excessive self-esteem: arrogant: haughty: having a proper sense of what is
becoming: daring: grand: ostentatious: giving reason for pride or
boasting.--_n._ PROUD'-FLESH, a growth or excrescence of flesh in a
wound.--_adjs._ PROUD'-HEART'ED (_Shak._), having a proud spirit;
PROUD'ISH, somewhat proud.--_adv._ PROUD'LY.--_adj._ PROUD'-MIND'ED
(_Shak._), proud in mind.--_n._ PROUD'NESS, the state or quality of being
proud: pride.--_adjs._ PROUD'-PIED (_Shak._), gorgeously variegated;
PROUD'-STOM'ACHED, of haughty spirit, arrogant. [A.S. _prut_, proud,
_prýte_, pride.]
PROVABLE, pr[=oo]v'a-bl, _adj._ that may be proved.--_n._
PROV'ABLENESS.--_adv._ PROV'ABLY, in a manner capable of proof. [O. Fr.
_provable_, _prouvable_--L. _probabilis_, probable.]
PROVAND, prov'and, _n._ (_Shak._) provender: provision--also
PROV'END.--_adj._ PROV'ANT, belonging to a regular allowance: of common or
inferior quality. [O. Fr.,--Low L. _præbenda_, a payment, pittance.]
PROVE, pr[=oo]v, _v.t._ to try by experiment or by a test or standard: to
make certain: to try by suffering: to establish or ascertain as truth by
argument or other evidence: to demonstrate: to ascertain the genuineness
of: to experience or suffer: (_math._) to ascertain the correctness of any
result.--_v.i._ to make trial: to turn out: to be shown afterwards.--_n._
PROV'ER.--THE EXCEPTION PROVES THE RULE, the exception tests the rule,
proving its general truth. [O. Fr. _prover_ (Fr. _prouver_), which, like
A.S. _prófian_ and Ger. _proben_, is from L. _prob[=a]re_--_probus_,
excellent.]
PROVECTION, pr[=o]-vek'shun, _n._ the transfer of the final consonant from
a word to the beginning of the next.--_n._ PR[=O]VEC'TOR (_math._), a
contravariant operator formed by substituting signs of partial
differentiation for the facients of a quantic. [L. _proveh[)e]re_,
_provectum_, to carry forward.]
PROVEDOR, (-E), prov'edor, (-d[=o]r), _n._ a purveyor. [Sp.]
PROVEN, prov'n, (_Scots law_) same as PROVED, _pa.p._ of PROVE.--NOT
PROVEN, a verdict declaring that guilt has not been fully made out, but
which leaves the accused still under serious suspicion.
PROVENANCE, prov'e-nans, _n._ the source from which anything comes or is
derived.--Also PROV[=E]'NIENCE. [Fr.,--L. _pro_, forth, _ven[=i]re_, to
come.]
PROVENÇAL, pr[=o]-vang-sal', _adj._ of or pertaining to _Provence_, in
France, or to its inhabitants--also PROVEN'CIAL.--_n._ a native, or the
language of Provence, the _langue d'oc_ (q.v.).
PROVENDER, prov'en-d[.e]r, _n._ dry food for beasts, as hay or corn: esp. a
mixture of meal and cut straw or hay.--_v.t._ to feed. [O. Fr.,--L.
_præbenda_, in Late L. a daily allowance of food.]
PROVERB, prov'[.e]rb, _n._ a short familiar sentence expressing a
well-known truth or moral lesson: a byword: (_B._) a difficult saying that
requires explanation: (_pl._) a book of the Old Testament: a dramatic
composition in which a proverb gives name and character to the
plot.--_v.t._ to speak of proverbially: make a byword of: to provide with a
proverb.--_adj._ PROVER'BIAL, like or pertaining to proverbs: widely spoken
of.--_v.t._ PROVER'BIALISE, to turn into a proverb.--_ns._ PROVER'BIALISM,
a saying in the form of, or like, a proverb; PROVER'BIALIST.--_adv._
PROVER'BIALLY. [Fr. _proverbe_--L. _proverbium_--_pro_, publicly, _verbum_,
a word.]
PROVIDE, pr[=o]-v[=i]d', _v.t._ to make ready beforehand: to prepare for
future use: to supply: to appoint or give a right to a benefice before it
is actually vacant.--_v.i._ to procure supplies or means of defence: to
take measures: to arrange for as a necessary condition or
arrangement.--_adj._ PROV[=I]'DABLE.--_conj._ PROV[=I]'DED, (often with
_that_) on condition: upon these terms: with the understanding.--_n._
PROV[=I]'DER. [L. _provid[=e]re_--_pro_, before, _vid[=e]re_, to see.]
PROVIDENCE, prov'i-dens, _n._ timely preparation: (_theol._) the foresight
and care of God over all His creatures: God, considered in this relation:
something occurring in which God's care is clearly shown: prudence in
managing one's affairs.--_adjs._ PROV'IDENT, seeing beforehand, and
providing for the future: cautious: prudent: economical; PROVIDEN'TIAL,
effected by, or proceeding from, divine providence.--_advs._
PROVIDEN'TIALLY; PROV'IDENTLY.--_n._ PROV'IDENTNESS. [L. _provid-ens_,
_-entis_, pr.p. of _provid[=e]re_.]
PROVINCE, prov'ins, _n._ a portion of an empire or a state marked off for
purposes of government: a part of a country as distinguished from the
capital: the district over which a governor or an archbishop has
jurisdiction: a region: a business or duty: a person's business or calling:
a department of knowledge.--_adj._ PROVIN'CIAL, relating to a province:
belonging to a division of a country: local: showing the habits and manners
of a province: unpolished: narrow.--_n._ an inhabitant of a province or
country district: (_R.C._) the superintendent of the heads of the religious
houses in a province.--_v.t._ PROVIN'CIALISE, to render
provincial:--_pr.p._ provin'cial[=i]sing; _pa.p._
provin'cial[=i]sed.--_ns._ PROVIN'CIALISM, a manner, a mode of speech, or a
turn of thought peculiar to a province or a country district: a local
expression: narrowness; PROVINCIAL'ITY.--_adv._ PROVIN'CIALLY.--PROVINCIAL
LETTERS, a series of letters written (1656-57) by Pascal against the
doctrines and policy of the Jesuits. [Fr.,--L. _provincia_, a province;
perh. _pro_, for, _vinc[)e]re_, to conquer.]
PROVINCIAL, pr[=o]-vin'shal, _adj._ pertaining to _Provence_ or
_Provençal_.--PROVINCIAL ROSE, the cabbage-rose--from _Provins-rose_,
Provins in Seine-et-Marne, being famous for its roses: (_Shak._) a rosette
formerly worn on the shoe.
PROVINE, pr[=o]-v[=i]n', _v.i._ to propagate a vine by layering, to form a
plant for the next season at a distance from the original plant.
PROVISION, pr[=o]-vizh'un, _n._ act of providing: that which is provided or
prepared: measures taken beforehand: a clause in a law or a deed: a rule
for guidance: an appointment by the pope to a benefice not yet vacant:
preparation: previous agreement: a store of food: provender.--_v.t._ to
supply with provisions or food.--_adjs._ PROVI'SIONAL, PROVI'SIONARY,
provided for the occasion: temporary: containing a provision.--_n._
PROVI'SIONAL-JUDG'MENT, a judgment given as far as the available evidence
admits, but subject to correction under more light.--_adv._
PROVI'SIONALLY.--_ns._ PROVI'SIONAL-OR'DER, an order to do something
granted by a secretary of state, which, when confirmed by the legislature,
has the force of an act of parliament; PROVI'SIONAL-REM'EDY, a means of
detaining in safety a person or property until a decision upon some point
in which they are concerned be come to; PROVI'SION-MER'CHANT, a general
dealer in articles of food. [Fr.,--L.,--_provisus_, pa.p. of
_provid[=e]re_.]
PROVISO, pr[=o]-v[=i]'z[=o], _n._ a provision or condition in a deed or
other writing: the clause containing it: any condition:--_pl._ PROVISOS
(pr[=o]-v[=i]'z[=o]z).--_adv._ PROV[=I]'SORILY.--_adj._ PROV[=I]'SORY,
containing a proviso or condition: conditional: making provision for the
time: temporary. [From the L. law phrase _proviso quod_, it being provided
that.]
PROVISOR, pr[=o]-v[=i]'zor, _n._ one who provides: a purveyor: a person to
whom the pope has granted the right to the next vacancy in a
benefice.--STATUTE OF PROVISORS, an act of the English parliament passed in
1351 to prevent the pope from exercising the power of creating provisors.
PROVOKE, pr[=o]-v[=o]k', _v.t._ to call forth: to summon: to excite or call
into action: to excite with anger: to offend: (_B._) to challenge.--_n._
PROVOC[=A]'TION, act of provoking: that which provokes: any cause of
danger.--_adjs._ PROVOC'ATIVE, PROVOC'ATORY, tending to provoke or
excite.--_n._ anything that stirs up or provokes.--_n._ PROVOC'ATIVENESS,
the quality of being provocative.--_adj._ PROV[=O]'KABLE.--_ns._
PROV[=O]KE'MENT (_Spens._), provocation; PROV[=O]'KER, one who, or that
which, provokes, causes, or promotes.--_adj._ PROV[=O]'KING,
irritating.--_adv._ PROV[=O]'KINGLY.--THE PROVOCATION, the sojourn of the
Jews in the wilderness, when they provoked God. [Fr. _provoquer_--L.
_provoc[=a]re_, _pro_, forth, _voc[=a]re_, to call.]
PROVOST, prov'ost, _n._ the dignitary set over a cathedral or collegiate
church: the head of a college: (_Scotland_) the chief magistrate of certain
classes of burghs, answering to mayor in England: (_Shak._) the keeper of a
prison.--_ns._ PROV'OST-MAR'SHAL (_army_), an officer with special powers
for enforcing discipline and securing prisoners till brought to trial:
(_navy_) an officer having charge of prisoners; PROV'OSTRY, a district
under a provost; PROV'OSTSHIP, the office of a provost.--LORD PROVOST, the
style of the chief magistrates of Edinburgh, Glasgow, Perth, Aberdeen, and
Dundee. [O. Fr. _provost_ (Fr. _prévôt_), L. _præpositus_, pa.p. of
_præpon[)e]re_--_præ_, over, _pon[)e]re_, to place.]
PROW, prow, _n._ the forepart of a ship: the bow or beak. [Fr. _proue_ (It.
_prua_)--L. _prora_--Gr. _pr[=o]ra_, a prow--_pro_, before.]
PROWESS, prow'es, _n._ bravery, esp. in war: valour: daring.--_adj._ PROW
(_arch._), brave, valiant:--_superl._ PROW'EST. [O. Fr. _prou_ (Fr.
_preux_), perh. from _prod_ in _prodesse_, to do good.]
PROWL, prowl, _v.i._ to keep poking about: to rove about in search of prey
or plunder.--_n._ (_coll._) the act of prowling: a roving for prey.--_n._
PROWL'ER.--_adj._ PROWL'ING.--_adv._ PROWL'INGLY. [Prob. for
_progle_=_prokle_, a freq. form of _proke_, to thrust; cf. _Prog._]
PROXIMATE, proks'i-m[=a]t, _adj._ nearest or next: without any one between,
as a cause and its effect: having the most intimate connection: near and
immediate.--_adj._ PROX'IMAL.--_advs._ PROX'IMALLY; PROX'IMATELY.--_n._
PROXIM'ITY, immediate nearness in time, place, relationship, &c.--_adj._
PROX'IMO, (_in_) the next (month)--often written _prox._--PROXIMATE CAUSE,
a cause which immediately precedes the effect; PROXIMATE OBJECT, immediate
object. [L. _proximus_, next, superl. from _prope_, near.]
PROXY, prok'si, _n._ the agency of one who acts for another: one who acts
or votes for another, or the writing by which he is authorised to do so: a
substitute.--_v.i._ to vote or act by proxy.--_n._ PROX'YSHIP.--_adj._
PROX'Y-WED'DED (_Tenn._), wedded by proxy. [Obs. _procuracy_. Cf.
_Procurator_.]
PROZYMITE, proz'i-m[=i]t, _n._ one who uses leavened bread in the
eucharist--opp. to _Azymite_.
PRUDE, pr[=oo]d, _n._ a woman of affected modesty: one who pretends extreme
propriety.--_n._ PRU'DERY, manners of a prude: pretended or overdone
strictness of manner or behaviour.--_adj._ PRU'DISH, like a prude:
affectedly modest or reserved: stiff: severe.--_adv._ PRU'DISHLY.--_n._
PRU'DISHNESS. [O. Fr. _prode_, fem. of _prou_, _prod_, excellent.]
PRUDENT, pr[=oo]'dent, _adj._ cautious and wise in conduct: careful:
discreet: dictated by forethought: frugal.--_n._ PRU'DENCE, quality of
being prudent: wisdom applied to practice: attention to self-interest:
caution.--_adj._ PRUDEN'TIAL, using or practising prudence.--_n._ a matter
for prudence (generally _pl._).--_n._ PRUDENTIAL'ITY.--_advs._
PRUDEN'TIALLY; PRU'DENTLY. [Fr.,--L. _pr[=u]dens_, _pr[=u]dentis_, contr.
of _providens_, pr.p. of _provid[=e]re_, to foresee.]
PRUD'-HOMME, pr[=oo]-dom', _n._ a prudent man: a skilled workman: in
France, one of a board of arbitrators formed from masters and workmen. [Fr.
_prud_ or _prod_, good, _homme_, a man.]
PRUINOSE, pr[=oo]'i-n[=o]s, _adj._ powdery, mealy.--Also PRU'INOUS. [L.
_pruina_, hoar-frost.]
PRUNE, pr[=oo]n, _v.t._ to trim by lopping off superfluous parts: to divest
of anything superfluous: to arrange or dress feathers, as birds do.--_ns._
PRU'NER; PRU'NING, the act of pruning or trimming; PRU'NING-HOOK, a hooked
bill for pruning with; PRU'NING-KNIFE, a large knife with a slightly hooked
point for pruning.--_n.pl._ PRU'NING-SHEARS, shears for pruning shrubs, &c.
[Older form _proin_, prob. from Fr. _provigner_, _provin_, a shoot--L.
_propago_, _-inis_.]
PRUNE, pr[=oo]n, _n._ a plum, esp. a dried plum.--_adj._ PRUNIF'EROUS,
bearing plums. [Fr.,--L. _prunum_--Gr. _prounon_.]
PRUNELLA, pr[=oo]-nel'a, _n._ sore throat: angina pectoris. [Low L., from
Teut.; Ger. _bräune_, quinsy.]
PRUNELLA, pr[=oo]-nel'a, _n._ a genus of plants, the best known of which is
_Self-heal_, formerly used as a medicine. [Perh. from _prunella_, above.]
PRUNELLA, pr[=oo]-nel'a, _n._ a strong woollen stuff, generally black--also
PRUNELL'O.--_n._ PRUNELL'O, a little prune: a kind of dried plum. [Prob.
Latinised form of Fr. _prunelle_, a sloe, dim. of Fr. _prune_, a plum.]
PRURIENCE, pr[=oo]'ri-ens, _n._ state of being prurient: eager desire--also
PRU'RIENCY.--_adj._ PRU'RIENT, itching or uneasy with desire: given to
unclean thoughts.--_adv._ PRU'RIENTLY. [L. _pruriens_, pr.p. of
_prur[=i]re_, to itch.]
PRURIGO, pr[=oo]-r[=i]'g[=o], _n._ an eruption on the skin, causing great
itching.--_adj._ PRURIG'INOUS.--_n._ PRUR[=I]'TUS. [L. _prurio_, an
itching.]
PRUSSIAN, prush'an, _adj._ of or pertaining to _Prussia_.--_n._ an
inhabitant of Prussia.--_v.t._ PRUSS'IANISE.--_n._ PRUSS'IATE, a salt of
prussic acid: a cyanide.--_adj._ PRUSS'IC, pertaining to Prussian
blue.--PRUSSIAN BLUE, cyanide of potassium and iron; PRUSSIC ACID, a deadly
poison, an acid first obtained from Prussian blue--also _Hydrocyanic acid_.
PRY, pr[=i], _v.i._ to peer or peep into that which is closed: to inspect
closely: to try to discover with curiosity:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._
pried.--_n._ (_rare_) a peeping glance: one who pries--cf. _Paul Pry_, in
John Poole's (1792-1879) comedy so called, first produced in 1825.--_ns._
PR[=I]'ER, PRY'ER.--_p.adj._ PRY'ING, looking closely into: inquisitive:
curious.--_adv._ PRY'INGLY. [M. E. _prien_=_piren_, to peer; cf. _Peer_.]
PRYS, pr[=i]s, _n._ (_Spens._). Same as PRICE.
PRYSE, pr[=i]s, _v.t._ (_Spens._). Same as PRIZE.
PRYTANEUM, prit-an-[=e]'um, _n._ the town-hall of an ancient Greek city
where ambassadors were received, and citizens who had deserved well of the
state were sometimes allowed to dine at the public expense.
[Gr.,--_prytanis_, a presiding magistrate.]
PRYTHEE, prith'[=e] (_Shak._). Same as _Prithee_.
PSALM, säm, _n._ a sacred song.--_ns._ PSALM'-BOOK, a book containing
psalms for purposes of worship; _Psalmist_ (säm'ist, or sal'mist), a
composer of psalms, applied to David and to the writers of the Scriptural
psalms.--_adjs._ PSALMOD'IC, -AL, pertaining to psalmody.--_v.i._
PSAL'MODISE, to practise psalmody.--_ns._ PSAL'MODIST, a singer of psalms;
PSALMODY (sal'mo-di, or säm'o-di), the singing of psalms, esp. in public
worship: psalms collectively.--_v.t._ to celebrate in psalms.--_ns._
PSALMOG'RAPHER, PSALMOG'RAPHIST, a writer of psalms; PSALMOG'RAPHY, the act
or practice of writing psalms; PSALM'-TUNE, a tune to which a psalm is
usually sung.--THE PSALMS, one of the books of the Old Testament. [A.S.
_sealm_--Low L. _psalmus_--Gr. _psalmos_--_psallein_, to play on a stringed
instrument.]
PSALTER, sawl't[.e]r, _n._ the book of Psalms, esp. when separately
printed: (_R.C._) a series of 150 devout sentences: a rosary of 150 beads,
according to the number of the psalms.--_adj._ PSALT[=E]'RIAN, pertaining
to a psalter: musical.--_ns._ PSAL'TERY, a stringed instrument used by the
Jews: psalter; PSAL'TRESS, a woman who plays upon the psaltery. [O. Fr.
_psaltier_--L. _psalterium_, a song sung to the psaltery.]
PSALTERIUM, sawl-t[=e]'ri-um, _n._ the third division of a ruminant's
stomach, the omasum or manyplies.
PSAMMITIC, sa-mit'ik, _adj._ in geology, applied to derivative rocks
composed of rounded grains, as ordinary sandstone. [Gr. _psammos_, sand.]
PSCHENT, pshent, _n._ the sovereign crown of ancient Egypt, a combination
of the white mitre of southern Egypt, with the red crown, square in front
and pointed behind, of northern Egypt. [Egyptian.]
PSELLISM, sel'izm, _n._ a defect in articulation--also PSELLIS'MUS. [Gr.
_psellismos_--_psellos_, stammering.]
PSEUDO-, s[=u]'d[=o], a prefix signifying false or spurious, as in _ns._
PSEUDÆSTH[=E]'SIA, imaginary feeling, as in an amputated limb;
PSEUDEPIG'RAPHA (_pl._), spurious writings, especially those writings
claiming to be Biblical, but not judged genuine or canonical by the consent
of scholars.--_adjs._ PSEUDEPIGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_n._ PSEUDEPIG'RAPHY, the
ascription to books of false names of authors.--_n._ PSEU'DO-APOS'TLE, a
pretended apostle.--_adj._ PSEU'DO-ARCH[=A]'IC, archaistic.--_ns._
PSEUDOBLEP'SIS, visual illusion; PSEU'DO-CHRISTIAN'ITY, counterfeit
Christianity; PSEUDOCHR[=O]'MIA, false perception of colour;
PSEU'DO-CLAS'SICISM, false or affected classicism.--_adjs._ PSEU'DODONT,
having false teeth, as a monotreme; PSEU'DODOX, false.--_n._ a common
fallacy.--_ns._ PSEUDOGEU'SIA, false taste-perception; PSEU'DOGRAPH, a
false writing.--_v.i._ PSEUDOG'RAPHISE, to write incorrectly.--_ns._
PSEUDOG'RAPHY, bad spelling; PSEUDOL'OGY, the science of lying;
PSEU'DO-MAR'TYR, a false martyr; PSEUDOMEM'BRANE, a false membrane, or
lining, as in some diseases of the throat.--_adj._ PSEUDOMEM'BRANOUS.--_n._
PSEU'DOMORPH.--_adj._ PSEUDOMOR'PHOUS, deceptive in form: (_min._) noting
crystals which have a form of crystallisation foreign to the species to
which they belong.--_ns._ PSEU'DONYM, a fictitious name assumed, as by an
author; PSEUDONYM'ITY, state of being pseudonymous.--_adj._ PSEUDON'YMOUS,
bearing a fictitious name.--_adv._ PSEUDON'YMOUSLY.--_n.pl._
PSEUDOP[=O]'DIA, the processes alternately thrust forth and drawn back by
amoeboid cells:--_sing._ PSEUDOP[=O]'DIUM, PSEU'DOPOD.--_n._ PSEU'DOSCOPE,
a species of stereoscope which causes the parts of bodies in relief to
appear hollow, and _vice versâ_.--_adj._ PSEUDOSCOP'IC.--_n._ PSEU'DOSCOPY.
[Gr. _pseud[=e]s_, false.]
PSHAW, shaw, _interj._ expressing contempt.--_v.i._ to express contempt, as
with this word. [Imit.]
PSHAW, shaw, _n._ an upright cylindrical hat once worn by women in Spain.
PSILANTHROPISM, s[=i]-lan'thr[=o]-pizm, _n._ the doctrine or belief of the
mere human existence of Christ.--_adj._ PSILANTHROP'IC.--_ns._
PSILAN'THROPIST, one who thinks Christ a mere man; PSILAN'THROPY. [Gr.
_psilos_, bare, _anthr[=o]pos_, man.]
PSITTACI, sit'a-s[=i], _n.pl._ the parrot tribe.--_adjs._ PSIT'TACINE,
PSITT[=A]'CEOUS. [Gr. _psittakos_.]
PSOAS, s[=o]'as, _n._ a muscle of the loins and pelvis: the
tenderloin.--_adj._ PSOAT'IC. [Gr. _psoa_, _psua_, generally in pl.
_psoai_, _psuai_.]
PSORIASIS, s[=o]-r[=i]'a-sis, _n._ a disease characterised by slight
elevations of the surface of the skin covered with whitish scales.--_n._
PS[=O]'RA.--_adj._ PS[=O]'RIC. [Gr. _ps[=o]ri[=a]n_, to have the itch,
_ps[=a]n_, to rub.]
PSYCHIC, -AL, s[=i]'kik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to the soul, or living
principle in man: spiritual: pertaining to the mind, or to its faculties
and functions.--_ns._ PSY'CHE, the personified soul or spirit: the human
soul or spirit or mind: a genus of bombycid moths: a cheval-glass;
PSYCH[=I]'ATER, PSYCH[=I]'ATRIST, one who treats diseases of the mind, an
alienist; PSYCH[=I]'ATRY, the treatment of mental diseases; PSY'CHIC, a
spiritualistic medium; PSY'CHICS, the science of psychology; PSY'CHISM, the
doctrine that there is a universal soul animating all living beings;
PSY'CHIST; PSYCHOGEN'ESIS, PSYCHOG'ENY, the origination and development of
the soul; PSYCHOG'ONY, the doctrine of the development of mind;
PSY'CHOGRAPH, an instrument used for so-called spirit-writing.--_adj._
PSYCHOGRAPH'IC.--_n._ PSYCHOG'RAPHY, the natural history of mind: supposed
spirit-writing by the hand of a medium.--_adjs._ PSYCHOLOG'IC, -AL,
pertaining to psychology: pertaining to the mind.--_adv._
PSYCHOLOG'ICALLY.--_v.i._ PSYCHOL'OGISE.--_ns._ PSYCHOL'OGIST, one who
studies psychology; PSYCHOL'OGY, the science which classifies and analyses
the phenomena or varying states of the human mind; PSYCHOM'ACHY, a conflict
of soul with body; PSY'CHOMANCY, necromancy; PSYCHOM'ETRY, the science of
the measurement of the duration, &c., of mental processes: an occult power
claimed by some charlatans of divining the secret properties of things by
mere contact.--_adj._ PSY'CHOM[=O]TOR, pertaining to such mental action as
induces muscular contraction.--_ns._ PSYCHONEUROL'OGY, that part of
neurology which deals with mental action; PSYCHONEUR[=O]'SIS, mental
disease without apparent anatomical lesion; PSYCHON'OMY, the science of the
laws of mental action; PSYCHONOSOL'OGY, the branch of medical science that
treats of mental diseases; PSYCHOPAN'NYCHISM, the theory that at death the
soul falls asleep till the resurrection; PSYCHOPAN'NYCHIST; PSYCHOPAR'ESIS,
mental weakness; PSY'CHOPATH, a morally irresponsible person;
PSYCHOP'ATHIST, an alienist; PSYCHOP'ATHY, derangement of mental
functions.--_adj._ PSY'CHO-PHYS'ICAL.--_ns._ PSY'CHO-PHYS'ICIST;
PSY'CHO-PHYSIOL'OGY, PSY'CHO-PHYS'ICS, the knowledge of the manifold
correspondences of the most intimate and exact kind that exist between
states and changes of consciousness on the one hand, and states and changes
of brain on the other--the concomitance being apparently complete as
respects complexity, intensity, and time-order; PSY'CHOPLASM, the physical
basis of consciousness; PSY'CHOPOMP, Hermes, the guide of spirits to the
other world; PSYCH[=O]'SIS, mental condition: a change in the field of
consciousness: any mental disorder; PSYCHOST[=A]'SIA, the weighing of
souls; PSY'CHO-STAT'ICS, the theory of the conditions of the phenomena of
mind; PSYCHOTH[=E]'ISM, the doctrine that God is pure spirit;
PSYCHOTHERAPEU'TICS, PSYCHOTHER'APY, the art of curing mental
disease.--PSYCHICAL RESEARCH, inquiring into alleged phenomena, apparently
implying a connection with another world; PSYCHIC FORCE, a power not
physical or mechanical, supposed to cause certain so-called spiritualistic
phenomena. [L. _psychicus_--Gr. _psychikos_--_psych[=e]_, the
soul--_psych[=e]in_, to breathe.]
PSYCHROMETER, s[=i]-krom'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for measuring the
tension of aqueous vapour in the atmosphere: a wet and dry bulb
hygrometer.--_adjs._ PSYCHROMET'RIC, -AL.--_ns._ PSYCHROM'ETRY;
PSYCHROPH[=O]'BIA, morbid impressibility to cold; PSY'CHROPHORE, a
refrigerating instrument like a catheter for cooling the urethra. [Gr.
_psychros_, cold, _psychein_, to blow, _metron_, a measure.]
PTARMIC, tar'mik, _n._ a medicine which causes sneezing.
PTARMIGAN, tär'mi-gan, _n._ a species of grouse with feathered toes
inhabiting the tops of mountains. [Gael. _tarmachan_.]
PTERE, t[=e]r, _n._ (_zool._) an alate organ.--_ns._ PTERID'IUM,
PTER[=O]'DIUM, a key-fruit or samara.
PTERICHTHYS, ter-ik'this, _n._ a genus of fossil ganoid fishes in the Old
Red Sandstone strata, with wing-like pectoral fins. [Gr. _pteron_, wing,
_ichthys_, fish.]
PTERION, t[=e]'ri-on, _n._ in craniometry, the region where the frontal,
squamosal, parietal, and sphenoid bones meet:--_pl._ PT[=E]'RIA.
PTERIS, t[=e]'ris, _n._ a genus of ferns which includes the brakes.--_ns._
PTERIDOL'OGIST, one versed in the study of ferns; PTERIDOL'OGY, the science
of ferns; PTERIDOM[=A]'NIA, a passion for ferns; PTERIG'RAPHY, a
description of ferns. [Gr. _pteris_--_pteron_, a feather.]
PTERNA, ter'na, _n._ the heel-pad in birds:--_pl._ PTER'NÆ.
PTERODACTYL, ter-[=o]-dak'til, _n._ an extinct flying reptile with large
and bird-like skull, long jaws, and a flying-membrane like that of a bat.
[Gr. _pteron_, wing, _daktylos_, finger.]
PTEROGRAPHY, ter-og'ra-fi, _n._ the description of feathers.--_n._
PTEROG'RAPHER.--_adjs._ PTEROGRAPH'IC, -AL; PTEROLOG'ICAL.--_n._
PTEROL'OGY, the science of insects' wings.
PTEROMYS, ter'[=o]-mis, _n._ a genus of _Sciuridæ_, the flying-squirrels.
PTERON, t[=e]'ron, _n._ a range of columns, portico.--_n._ PTER[=O]'MA, a
peridrome: a side-wall. [Gr.]
PTEROPE, ter'[=o]p, _n._ a fruit-bat or flying-fox.
PTEROPOD, ter'[=o]-pod, _n._ one of a class of molluscs which move about by
means of wing-like appendages attached to the sides of the head, which are
not, however, homologous to the foot of other molluscs:--_pl._ PTEROP'ODA.
[Gr. _pteron_, wing, _pous_, _podos_, foot.]
PTEROSAURIA, ter-[=o]-saw'ri-a, _n.pl._ a group of extinct flying reptiles.
[Gr. _pteron_, wing, _sauros_, lizard.]
PTERYGOID, ter'i-goid, _n._ one of a pair of bones in the facial apparatus
of some vertebrata behind the palatines, known in human anatomy as the
pterygoid plates of the sphenoid bone.--_adj._ aliform or alate.--_adj._
PTERYG'IAN.--_n._ PTERYG'IUM, a generalised limb of a vertebrate.
PTERYLÆ, ter'i-l[=e], _n.pl._ the bands of contour feathers in
birds.--_adjs._ PTERYLOGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_adv._ PTERYLOGRAPH'ICALLY.--_n._
PTERYLOG'RAPHY.
PTILOSIS, t[=i]-l[=o]'sis, _n._ plumage or mode of feathering of a
bird.--Also PTERYL[=O]'SIS. [Gr. _ptilon_, a feather.]
PTISAN, tiz'an, _n._ a medicinal drink made from barley with other
ingredients. [Gr. _ptisan[=e]_, peeled barley, barley-water--_ptissein_, to
peel.]
PTOCHOCRACY, t[=o]-kok'ra-si, _n._ the rule of paupers.--_n._ PTOCHOG'ONY,
the production of beggars--wholesale pauperisation. [Gr. _pt[=o]chos_, a
beggar.]
PTOLEMAIC, tol-e-m[=a]'ik, _adj._ pertaining to the race of Egyptian kings
called the _Ptolemies_: pertaining to _Ptolemy_ the astronomer (of the 2d
century)--also PTOLEMÆ'AN.--_n._ PTOLEM[=A]'IST, one who believes in the
Ptolemaic system of astronomy.--PTOLEMAIC SYSTEM, the method by which
Ptolemy, the astronomer, explained the structure of the heavens and the
motions of the heavenly bodies (139 A.D.).
PTOMAÏNE, t[=o]'ma-in, _n._ a somewhat loosely used generic name for those
bodies, usually poisonous, formed from animal tissues during
putrefaction--_putrescine_, _cadaverine_, _creatinin_, _neurin_, _choline_,
_muscarine_, &c.--Also PT[=O]'MAÏN. [Gr. _pt[=o]ma_, a corpse--_piptein_,
to fall.]
PTOSIS, t[=o]'sis, _n._ inability to raise the upper eyelid.
[Gr.,--_piptein_, to fall.]
PTYALIN, -E, t[=i]'a-lin, _n._ the nitrogenous essential principle of
saliva.--_v.i._ PTY'ALISE, to salivate.--_n._ PTY'ALISM,
salivation.--_adj._ PTYALOGOG'IC.--_ns._ PTYAL'OGOGUE, PTYS'MAGOGUE, a
medicine which causes salivation. [Gr.,--_ptuein_, to spit.]
PUB, pub, _n._ (_slang_) a public-house, tavern.
PUBERTY, p[=u]'b[.e]r-ti, _n._ the age of full development: early manhood
or womanhood: the period when a plant begins to flower.--_adjs._
P[=U]'BERAL; P[=U]BER'ULENT, covered with very fine downy hairs.--_ns._
P[=U]'BES, the pubic region, the hair growing thereon at puberty;
P[=U]BES'CENCE, state of one arrived at puberty: (_bot_.) the soft, short
hair on plants.--_adj._ P[=U]BES'CENT, arriving at puberty: (_bot._,
_zool._) covered with soft, short hair; PUBIG'EROUS, pubescent. [Fr.
_puberté_--L. _pubertas_, _-tatis_--_pubes_, _puber_, grown up.]
PUBIS, p[=u]'bis, _n._ a bone of the pelvis which in man forms the anterior
portion of the _os innominatum_.--_adjs._ P[=U]'BIC; PUBOFEM'ORAL;
P[=U]'BO-IL'IAC; P[=U]'BO-IS'CHIAC; PUBOPROSTAT'IC; P[=U]'BO-UR[=E]'THRAL;
PUBOVES'ICAL. [For _os pubis_, gen. of _pubes_, grown up.]
PUBLIC, pub'lik, _adj._ of or belonging to the people: pertaining to a
community or a nation: general: common to or shared in by all: generally
known.--_n._ the people: the general body of mankind: the people,
indefinitely: a public-house, tavern.--_ns._ PUB'LICAN, the keeper of an
inn or public-house: (_orig_.) a farmer-general of the Roman taxes: a
tax-collector; PUBLIC[=A]'TION, the act of publishing or making public: a
proclamation: the act of printing and sending out for sale, as a book: that
which is published as a book, &c.--_ns.pl._ PUB'LIC-BILLS, -LAWS, &c.,
bills, laws, &c. which concern the interests of the whole people;
PUB'LIC-FUNDS, money lent to government for which interest is paid of a
stated amount at a stated time.--_ns._ PUB'LIC-HOUSE, a house open to the
public: one chiefly used for selling beer and other liquors: an inn or
tavern; PUB'LIC-INSTIT[=U]'TION, an institution kept up by public funds for
the public use, as an educational or charitable foundation; PUB'LICIST, one
who writes on or is skilled in public law, or on current political topics;
PUBLIC'ITY, the state of being public or open to the knowledge of all:
notoriety; PUB'LIC-LAW (see INTERNATIONAL).--_adv._ PUB'LICLY.--_adjs._
PUB'LIC-MIND'ED, -SPIR'ITED, having a spirit actuated by regard to the
public interest: with a regard to the public interest.--_ns._ PUB'LICNESS;
PUB'LIC-OPIN'ION, the view which the people of a district or county take of
any question of public interest; PUB'LIC-POL'ICY, the main principles or
spirit upon which the law of a country is constructed; PUB'LIC-SPIR'IT, a
strong desire and effort to work on behalf of the public interest.--_adv._
PUB'LIC-SPIR'ITEDLY.--_n._ PUB'LIC-SPIR'ITEDNESS.--_n.pl._ PUB'LIC-WORKS,
permanent works or improvements made for public use or benefit.--PUBLIC
HEALTH, the department in any government, municipality, &c. which
superintends sanitation; PUBLIC HOLIDAY, a general holiday ordained by
parliament; PUBLIC LANDS, lands belonging to government, esp. such as are
open to sale, grant, &c.; PUBLIC ORATOR, an officer of English universities
who is the voice of the Senate upon all public occasions; PUBLIC SCHOOL
(see SCHOOL).--IN PUBLIC, in open view. [Fr.,--L. _publicus_--_populus_,
the people.]
PUBLISH, pub'lish, _v.t._ to make public: to divulge: to announce: to
proclaim: to send forth to the public: to print and offer for sale: to put
into circulation.--_adj._ PUB'LISHABLE.--_ns._ PUB'LISHER, one who makes
public: one who publishes books; PUB'LISHMENT, publication, esp. of banns.
PUCE, p[=u]s, _adj._ brownish-purple. [Fr. _puce_--L. _pulex_,
_pul[)i]cis_, a flea.]
PUCELLE, p[=u]-sel', _n._ a maid, virgin, esp. the Maid of Orleans, Jeanne
d'Arc (1412-31): a wanton girl.--_n._ P[=U]'CELAGE, virginity. [O. Fr.
through Low L.,--L. _pullus_, a young animal.]
PUCK, puk, _n._ a goblin or mischievous sprite: a merry fairy in _Midsummer
Night's Dream_.--_adj._ PUCK'ISH. [M. E. _pouke_--Celt., as Ir. _puca_, W.
_pwca_, _bwg_; conn. with Ice. _púki_. Cf. _Pug_, _Bug_.]
PUCKA, puk'a, _adj._ durable, substantial--opp. to _Cutcha_. [Anglo-Ind.]
PUCK-BALL. Same as PUFF-BALL.
PUCKER, puk'[.e]r, _v.t._ to gather into folds: to wrinkle.--_n._ a fold or
wrinkle: a number of folds or wrinkles, esp. irregular ones: (_coll._)
agitation, confusion.--_adj._ PUCK'ERY, astringent: tending to wrinkle.
[Cf. _Poke_, a bag, and _Pock_.]
PUD, pud, _n._ (_coll._) a paw, fist, hand. [Perh. Dut. _poot_, paw.]
PUDDENING, pud'ning, _n._ a thick pad of rope, &c., used as a fender on the
bow of a boat.
PUDDER, pud'[.e]r, _n._ a pother, a bustle, a tumult.--_v.i._ to make a
tumult or bustle.--_v.t._ to disturb: to perplex or confound. [_Pother._]
PUDDING, p[=oo]d'ing, _n._ a skin or gut filled with seasoned minced meat,
&c., a sausage: a soft kind of food made of flour, milk, eggs, &c.: a piece
of good fortune.--_adjs._ PUDD'ING-FACED, having a fat, round, smooth face;
PUDD'ING-HEAD'ED (_coll._), stupid.--_ns._ PUDD'ING-PIE, a pudding with
meat baked in it; PUDD'ING-SLEEVE, a large loose sleeve; PUDD'ING-STONE, a
conglomerate rock made up of rounded pebbles; PUDD'ING-TIME, dinner-time:
(_obs._) critical time. [Prob. Celt., as W. _poten_, Ir. _putog_--_put_, a
bag. The Low Ger. _pudding_, Fr. _boudin_, L. _botulus_, are prob. all
related words.]
PUDDLE, pud'l, _n._ an ill-shaped, awkward person. [Cf. Low Ger. _purrel_,
something short and thick.]
PUDDLE, pud'l, _n._ a small pool of muddy water: a mixture of clay and
sand.--_v.t._ to make muddy: to stir up mud: to make water-tight by means
of clay: to convert into bar or wrought iron.--_v.i._ to make a dirty
stir.--_ns._ PUDD'LER, one who turns cast-iron into wrought-iron by
puddling; PUDD'LING, the act of rendering impervious to water by means of
clay: the process of converting cast into bar or wrought iron.--_adj._
PUDD'LY, dirty. [M. E. _podel_ (prob. for _plod-el_)--Celt.; Ir. _plodach_,
_plod_, a pool.]
PUDDOCK, pud'ok, _n._ Same as PADDOCK.
PUDENCY, p[=u]'dens-i, _n._ (_Shak._) shamefacedness, modesty.--_n.pl._
PUDEN'DA, the genitals.--_adjs._ PUDEN'DAL, PUDEN'DOUS, P[=U]'DIC, -AL,
pertaining to the pudenda.--_n._ PUDIC'ITY, modesty. [L., as if
_pudentia_--_pudens_, pr.p. of _pud[=e]re_, to be ashamed.]
PUDGY, puj'i, _adj._ fat and short: fleshy.--Also PODG'Y.
PUEBLO, pweb'lo, _n._ a town or settlement in Spanish America: one of the
communal habitations of the New Mexico aborigines.--_adj._ PUEB'LAN. [Sp.,
a town--L. _populus_, a people.]
PUERILE, p[=u]'[.e]r-[=i]l, _adj._ pertaining to children: childish:
trifling: silly.--_adv._ P[=U]'ERILELY.--_ns._ P[=U]'ERILENESS,
P[=U]ERIL'ITY, quality of being puerile: that which is puerile: a childish
expression. [Fr. _puéril_--L. _puerilis_--_puer_, a child.]
PUERPERAL, p[=u]-[.e]r'p[.e]r-al, _adj._ relating to childbirth--also
P[=U]ER'PEROUS.--_adv._ P[=U]ER'PERALLY.--PUERPERAL FEVER, fever occurring
in connection with childbirth; PUERPERAL INSANITY, insanity occurring in
connection with childbirth. [L. _puerpera_, a woman lately
delivered--_puer_, a child, _par[)e]re_, to bear.]
PUFF, puf, _v.i._ to blow in puffs or whiffs: to swell or fill with air: to
breathe with vehemence: to blow at, in contempt: to bustle about.--_v.t._
to drive with a puff: to swell with a wind: to praise in exaggerated
terms.--_n._ a sudden, forcible breath: a sudden blast of wind: a gust or
whiff: a fungus ball containing dust: anything light and porous, or swollen
and light: a kind of light pastry: a part of a fabric gathered up so as to
be left full in the middle: a light ball or pad for dusting powder on the
skin, &c.: an exaggerated expression of praise.--_ns._ PUFF'-ADD'ER, a
large, venomous African serpent; PUFF'-BALL, a dried fungus, ball-shaped
and full of dust; PUFF'-BIRD, a South American bird resembling the
kingfisher in form, but living on insects; PUFF'-BOX, a box for holding
powder for the toilet, and a puff for applying it.--_adj._ PUFFED, gathered
up into rounded ridges, as a sleeve.--_ns._ PUFF'ER, one who puffs: one who
raises the prices at an auction in order to excite the eagerness of the
bidders to the advantage of the seller; PUFF'ERY, puffing or extravagant
praise.--_adv._ PUFF'ILY.--_ns._ PUFF'INESS, state of being puffy or
turgid: intumescence; PUFF'ING, the act of praising extravagantly.--_adv._
PUFF'INGLY.--_n._ PUFF'-PASTE, a short flaky paste for pastry.--_adj._
PUFF'Y, puffed out with air or any soft matter: tumid: bombastic: coming in
puffs.--PUFF UP (_B._), to inflate. [Imit.; cf. Ger. _puffen_, &c.]
PUFFIN, puf'in, _n._ a water-fowl having a short, thick, projecting beak
like that of a parrot: a puff-ball.
PUG, pug, _n._ a monkey: a fox: a small kind of dog: any small animal (in
familiarity or contempt).--_n._ PUG'-DOG, a small, short-haired dog with
wrinkled face, upturned nose, and short tail.--_adjs._ PUG'-FACED,
monkey-faced; PUG'GING (_Shak._), thieving--a misprint for
_prigging_.--_n._ PUG'-NOSE (sometimes abbrev. _pug_), a short, thick nose
with the tip turned up. [_Puck._]
PUG, pug, _n._ clay ground and worked with water.--_v.t._ to grind with
water and make plastic: to line spaces between floors with mortar, felt, or
other deafening.--_ns._ PUG'GING, beating or punching, esp. the working of
clay for making bricks, in a pug-mill: (_archit._) clay, sawdust, plaster,
&c. put between floors to deaden sound; PUG'-MILL, a machine for mixing and
tempering clay. [Prov. Eng. _pug_, to strike. Cf. _Poke_.]
PUGH, p[=oo], _interj._ of contempt or disdain. [Imit.]
PUGILISM, p[=u]'jil-izm, _n._ the art of boxing or fighting with the fists,
esp. in the prize-ring.--_ns._ P[=U]'GIL, a pinch; P[=U]'GILIST, one who
fights with his fists.--_adj._ P[=U]GILIST'IC. [L. _pugil_, a boxer.]
PUGNACIOUS, pug-n[=a]'shus, _adj._ fond of fighting: combative:
quarrelsome.--_adv._ PUGN[=A]'CIOUSLY.--_n._ PUGNAC'ITY, readiness or
inclination to fight: fondness for fighting: quarrelsomeness. [L. _pugnax_,
_pugnacis_, fond of fighting--_pugn[=a]re_, to fight.]
PUGREE, pug'r[=e], _n._ a light scarf worn round the hat to keep off the
sun.--Also PUG'GREE, PUG'GERY, PUG'AREE. [Hind. _pagr[=i]_, a turban.]
PUISNE, p[=u]'ne, _adj._ (_law_) younger or inferior in rank, applied to
certain judges in England. [O. Fr. (Fr. _puiné_), from _puis_--L. _post_,
after, _né_, pa.p. of _naître_--L. _nasci_, _natus_, to be born.]
PUISSANT, p[=u]'is-ant, _adj._ potent or powerful: strong: forcible.--_n._
P[=U]'ISSANCE, power, strength, force.--_adv._ P[=U]'ISSANTLY.--_n._
P[=U]'ISSANTNESS. [Fr., (It. _possente_)--L. _potens_, powerful, modified
by the influence of L. _posse_, to be able.]
PUKE, p[=u]k, _v.i._ to spew, vomit: to sicken.--_n._ vomit: an
emetic.--_n._ P[=U]'KER, one who vomits. [Perh. for _spuke_. Cf. _Spew_.]
PUKE, p[=u]k, _adj._ (_Shak._) of a colour between black and russet:
reddish-brown: puce.--_n._ PUKE'-STOCK'ING (_Shak._), a dark-coloured
stocking.
PULCHRITUDE, pul'kri-t[=u]d, _n._ comeliness. [L.]
PULE, p[=u]l, _v.i._ to pipe or chirp: to cry, whimper, or whine, like a
child.--_ns._ P[=U]'LER; P[=U]'LING, the cry as of a chicken: a kind of
whine.--_adj._ whimpering: whining.--_adv._ P[=U]'LINGLY. [From Fr.
_piauler_; imit. like It. _pigolare_, L. _pipil[=a]re_ and _pip[=a]re_, to
pipe.]
PULEX, p[=u]'leks, _n._ a genus of insects: the flea. [L.]
PULKHA, pul'kä, _n._ a Laplander's sledge, shaped like a boat.--Also PULK.
[Lap.]
PULL, p[=oo]l, _v.t._ to draw, or try to draw, with force: to draw or
gather with the hand: to tear: to pluck: to extract: to move, propel by
tugging, rowing, &c.: to transport by rowing: in horse-racing, to check a
horse in order to prevent its winning: to produce on a printing-press
worked by hand: to raid or seize.--_v.i._ to give a pull: to draw.--_n._
the act of pulling: a struggle or contest: exercise in rowing: (_slang_)
influence, a favourable chance, advantage: (_coll._) a drink, draught:
(_print._) a single impression of a hand-press.--_ns._ PULL'-BACK, a
restraint: a device for making a woman's gown hang close and straight in
front; PULL'ER.--PULL A FACE, to draw the countenance into a particular
expression: to grimace; PULL APART, to bring asunder by pulling; PULL DOWN,
to take down or apart: to demolish; PULL FOR, to row in the direction of;
PULL OFF, to carry anything through successfully; PULL ONE'S SELF TOGETHER,
to collect one's faculties; PULL OUT, to draw out, lengthen; PULL THE LONG
BOW, to lie or boast beyond measure; PULL THROUGH, to get to the end of
something difficult or dangerous with some success; PULL UP, to tighten the
reins: to take to task: to bring to a stop: to halt; PULL UP STAKES, to
prepare to leave a place. [A.S. _pullian_; conn. with Low Ger. _pulen_, to
pluck.]
PULLET, p[=oo]l'et, _n._ a young hen.--_n._ PULL'ET-SPERM (_Shak._), the
treadle or chalaza of an egg. [Fr. _poulette_, dim. of _poule_, a hen--Low
L. _pulla_, a hen, fem. of L. _pullus_, a young animal.]
[Illustration]
PULLEY, p[=oo]l'i, _n._ a wheel turning about an axis, and having a groove
on its rim in which a cord runs, used for raising weights:--_pl._
PULL'EYS.--_ns._ PULL'EY-BLOCK, a shell containing one or more sheaves, the
whole forming a pulley; PULL'EY-SHELL, the casing of a pulley-block. [M. E.
_poleyne_--Fr. _poulain_--Low L. _pullanus_--_pullus_; acc. to Diez, from
Fr. _poulie_, itself from Eng. _pull_.]
PULLMAN-CAR, p[=oo]l'man-kär, _n._ a railway sleeping-car or palace-car,
first made by George M. _Pullman_ (b. 1831) in America.
PULLULATE, pul'[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.i._ to germinate, bud.--_n._
PULLUL[=A]'TION. [L.,--_pullulus_, a young animal, sprout--_pullus_. Cf.
_Pullet_.]
PULMONARY, pul'm[=o]-n[=a]-ri, _adj._ pertaining to, or affecting, the
lungs: done by the lungs: having lungs: pulmonic.--_adj._ PULMOBRANCH'IATE,
breathing by lung-sacs.--_n._ PULMOM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the
capacity of the lungs.--_adj._ PULMON[=A]'RIOUS, diseased in the
lungs.--_n.pl._ PULMON[=A]'TA, an order or sub-class of Gasteropoda,
air-breathing.--_adjs._ PUL'MON[=A]TE, having lungs, lung-sacs, or
lung-like organs; PULMON'IC, pertaining to or affecting the lungs.--_n._ a
medicine for disease of the lungs: one affected by disease of the
lungs.--_adj._ PULMONIF'EROUS, provided with lungs.--PULMONARY ARTERY, an
artery which brings blood from the heart to the lungs; PULMONARY VEIN, a
vein which brings blood from the lungs to the heart. [L.
_pulmonarius_--_pulmo_, _pulmonis_, a lung--Gr. _pleum[=o]n_, _pneum[=o]n_,
lung.]
PULP, pulp, _n._ the soft fleshy part of bodies, e.g. of teeth: marrow: the
soft part of plants, esp. of fruits: any soft mass: the soft mass obtained
from the breaking and grinding of rags, &c., before it is hardened into
paper.--_v.t._ to reduce to pulp: to deprive of pulp: to separate the
pulp.--_v.i._ to become ripe or juicy, like the pulp of fruit.--_ns._
PULP'-EN'GINE, a machine for converting rags, &c., into pulp; PULP'IFIER,
an apparatus for reducing fresh meat to a jelly-like pulp, to aid
digestion.--_v.t._ PULP'IFY, to make into pulp. [Fr. _pulpe_--L. _pulpa_,
flesh without bones.]
PULPIT, p[=oo]l'pit, _n._ a platform for speaking from: an elevated or
enclosed place in a church where the sermon is delivered: a desk.--_adj._
belonging to the pulpit.--_ns._ PULPITEER', PUL'PITER, one who speaks from
a pulpit: a preacher.--_adj._ PUL'PITISH.--THE PULPIT, preachers or
preaching collectively. [Fr.,--L. _pulpitum_, a stage.]
PULPOUS, pulp'us, _adj._ consisting of, or resembling, pulp: soft.--_ns._
PULP'INESS; PULP'OUSNESS.--_adj._ PULP'Y, like pulp: soft.
PULQUE, p[=oo]l'k[=a], _n._ a fermented drink, made in Mexico. [Sp., from
Mex.]
PULSATE, pul's[=a]t, _v.i._ to beat, as the heart or as a vein: to
throb.--_adj._ PUL'SATILE, that can pulsate, as a wound: that may be struck
or beaten, as a drum: played by beating: acting by pulsation.--_n._
PULS[=A]'TION, a beating or throbbing: a motion of the heart or pulse: any
measured beat: a vibration.--_adj._ PUL'SATIVE.--_n._ PULS[=A]'TOR, a
pulsometer: a jigging-machine, used in South African
diamond-digging.--_adj._ PUL'SATORY, beating or throbbing.--_n._ any
musical instrument played by being beaten on. [L. _puls[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_,
to beat, freq. of _pell[)e]re_, _pulsum_, to drive.]
PULSATILLA, pul-sa-til'a, _n._ the pasque-flower, _Anemone pulsatilla_.
PULSE, puls, _n._ a beating or throbbing: a measured beat or throb: a
vibration: the beating of the heart and the arteries: (_fig_.) feeling,
sentiment.--_v.i._ to beat, as the heart: to throb.--_adj._ PULSE'LESS,
having no pulsation: without life.--_ns._ PULSE'LESSNESS; PULSE'-RATE, the
number of beats of a pulse per minute; PULSE'-WAVE, the expansion of the
artery, moving from point to point, like a wave, as each beat of the heart
sends the blood to the extremities.--_adj._ PULSIF'IC, exciting the
pulse.--_ns._ PULSIM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the strength or
quickness of the pulse; PULSOM'ETER, a pulsimeter: a kind of
steam-condensing pump.--FEEL ONE'S PULSE, to find out by the sense of touch
the force of the blood in the arteries: to find out what one is thinking on
some point; PUBLIC PULSE, the movement of public opinion on any question;
QUICK PULSE, a pulse in which the rise of tension is very rapid. [Fr.
_pouls_--L. _pulsus_--_pell[)e]re_, _pulsum_.]
PULSE, puls, _n._ grain or seed of beans, pease, &c.--_adj._
PULT[=A]'CEOUS, macerated and softened. [L. _puls_, porridge (Gr.
_poltos_). Cf. _Poultice_.]
PULU, p[=oo]'l[=oo], _n._ a silky fibre obtained from the Hawaiian
tree-ferns, used for stuffing mattresses.
PULVERABLE, pul'v[.e]r-a-bl, _adj._ that may be reduced to fine
powder--also PUL'VER[=I]SABLE.--_adj._ PULVER[=A]'CEOUS, having a powdery
surface.--_vs.t._ PUL'VERATE, PUL'VERISE, to reduce to dust or fine
powder.--_vs.i._ to fall down into dust or powder: to roll or wallow in the
dust.--_ns._ PUL'VERINE, ashes of barilla; PULVERIS[=A]'TION;
PUL'VER[=I]SER.--_adj._ PUL'VEROUS, consisting of, or like, dust or
powder.--_n._ PULVER'[=U]LENCE.--_adj._ PULVER'[=U]LENT, consisting of fine
powder: powdery: dusty. [L. _pulvis_, _pulveris_, powder.]
PULVIL, pul'vil, _n._ a bag of perfumed powder.--Also PULVIL'IO. [It.
_polviglio_--L. _pulvillus_, a little cushion--_pulvinus_, a cushion.]
PULVILLAR, pul'vi-lär, _adj._ cushion or pad-like.--_adj._ PULVIL'LIFORM,
like a pulvillus.--_n._ PULVIL'LUS, a foot-pad between the clavi of the
terminal tarsal joint of an insect's leg--also PULVIN'ULUS.--_adj._
PULV[=I]'NAR, padded: formed like a cushion.--_n._ a pillow or cushion: a
peculiar prominence on a part of the human brain.--_adjs._ PUL'VIN[=A]TE,
-D, PULVIN'IFORM, cushion-shaped. [L. _pulvillus_, _pulvinus_, a cushion,
_pulvinar_, a soft couch.]
PULWAR, pul'wär, _n._ a light keelless boat used on the Ganges.--Also
PAL'WAR.
PULZA-OIL, pul'zä-oil, _n._ an oil obtained from the seeds of _Fatropha
Curcas_, from the Cape Verd Islands.
PUMA, p[=u]'ma, _n._ a carnivorous animal, of the cat kind, of a
reddish-brown colour without spots, called also the American lion. [Peruv.
_puma_.]
PUMICE, pum'is, or p[=u]'mis, _n._ a hard, light, spongy substance, formed
of lava, from which gas or steam has escaped while hardening.--_v.t._ to
polish or rub with pumice-stone--also P[=U]'MIC[=A]TE.--_adjs._ PUMI'CEOUS,
PUM'ICIFORM, of or like pumice.--_ns._ PUM'ICE-STONE (same as PUMICE);
P[=U]'MY (_Spens._), a pebble, stone. [A.S. _pumic-_(_-stán_), pumice
(-stone)--L. _pumex_, _pumicis_, for _spumex_--_spuma_, foam--_spu[)e]re_.
Cf. _Spume_, and _Pounce_, a fine powder.]
PUMMEL. Same as POMMEL.
PUMP, pump, _n._ a machine for raising water and other fluids to a higher
level: a machine for drawing out or forcing in air.--_v.t._ to raise with a
pump: to draw out information by artful questions.--_v.i._ to work a pump:
to raise water by pumping.--_ns._ PUMP'AGE, the amount pumped;
PUMP'-BARR'EL, the cylinder which forms the body of a pump.--_pa.p._ PUMPED
(_coll._), out of breath, panting--sometimes with _out_.--_ns._ PUMP'ER;
PUMP'-GEAR, the various parts which make up a pump; PUMP'-HAND'LE, the
lever by means of which the pump is worked; PUMP'-HEAD, -HOOD, a frame
covering the upper wheel of a chain-pump, serving to guide the water into
the discharge-spout; PUMP'ING-EN'GINE, any form of motor for operating a
pump; PUMP'-ROD, the rod by which the handle is fixed to the bucket which
moves up and down inside; PUMP'-ROOM, the apartment at a mineral spring in
which the waters are drunk; PUMP'-WELL, a well from which water is got by
pumping.--PUMP SHIP, to urinate. [O. Fr. _pompe_ (cf. Ger. _pumpe_); perh.
conn. with _plump_.]
PUMP, pump, _n._ a thin-soled shoe used in dancing.--_adj._ PUMPED, wearing
pumps. [Prob. Fr. _pompe_, ornament, show, from Teut., cf. Ger.
_pumphosen_, wide pantaloons.]
PUMPERNICKEL, pump'er-nik-el, _n._ a kind of coarse bread, made of unsifted
rye, much used in Westphalia. [Ger., a heavy, stupid fellow, from _pumper_,
a heavy fall, _nickel_=Nicholas.]
PUMPKIN, pump'kin, _n._ a plant of the gourd family and its fruit.--Also
PUMP'ION. [A corr. of O. Fr. _pompon_--L. _pep[=o]_--Gr. _pep[=o]n_, ripe.]
PUMY. See PUMICE.
PUN, pun, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to pound. [Cf. _Pound_.]
PUN, pun, _v.i._ to play upon words similar in sound but different in
meaning so as to produce a ludicrous idea:--_pr.p._ pun'ning; _pa.t._ and
_pa.p._ punned.--_n._ a play upon words.--_ns._ PUN'NAGE, PUN'NING, the act
or habit of punning. [Ety. dub.; prob. to beat words=_pound_, to beat, from
A.S. _punian_, to pound.]
PUNCH, punsh, _n._ contr. of _Punchinello_, a humpbacked, hook-nosed puppet
with a squeaking voice, one of the two main actors in the street
puppet-show 'Punch and Judy:' PUNCH, or the London CHARIVARI, the chief
illustrated English comic journal (begun 17th July 1841). [Through the
influence of prov. Eng. _punch_, a variant of _bunch_, thick.]
PUNCH, punsh, _adj._ (_prov._) short and fat.--_n._ a short and fat man: a
short-legged, round-bodied horse.--_adj._ PUNCH'Y. [Prob. a variant of
_bunch_.]
PUNCH, punsh, _n._ a drink of five ingredients--spirit, water, sugar,
lemon-juice, and spice.--_ns._ PUNCH'-BOWL, a large bowl for making punch
in; PUNCH'-L[=A]D'LE, a ladle for filling glasses from a punch-bowl. [Hind.
_panch_, five--Sans. _pancha_, five.]
PUNCH, punsh, _v.t._ to prick or pierce with something sharp or blunt: to
make a hole in with a steel tool.--_n._ a tool either blunt, or hollow and
sharp-edged, for stamping or perforating: a kind of awl.--_n._ PUNCH'ER. [A
shortened form of _puncheon_, a tool.]
PUNCH, punsh, _v.t._ to strike or hit: to beat with the fist, as one's
head.--_n._ a stroke or blow with the fist, elbow, &c. [Prob. a corr. of
_punish_.]
PUNCHEON, punsh'un, _n._ a steel tool with a die or a sharp point at one
end for stamping or perforating metal plates: a short post or slab of wood
with the face smoothed. [O. Fr. _poinson_--L. _punctio_,
_-onis_--_pung[)e]re_, _punctum_, to prick.]
PUNCHEON, punsh'un, _n._ a cask: a liquid measure of from 72 or 84 to 120
gallons. [O. Fr. _poinson_, a cask; perh. from the above.]
PUNCHINELLO, punsh-i-nel'o, _n._ the short, hump-backed figure of a
puppet-show: a buffoon, any grotesque personage. [It. _pulcinello_, dim. of
_pulcino_, a chicken, child--L. _pullus_, a young animal.]
PUNCTATE, -D, pungk't[=a]t, -ed, _adj._ pointed: (_bot._) punctured: full
of small holes: pitted: dotted.--_ns._ PUNCT[=A]'TION; PUNCT[=A]'TOR, one
who marks with dots--esp. applied to the Massoretes who invented the Hebrew
vowel-points.--_adj._ PUNC'TIFORM, pointed. [L. _punctum_--_pung[)e]re_,
_punctum_, to prick.]
PUNCTILIO, pungk-til'yo, _n._ a nice point in behaviour or ceremony: nicety
in forms: exact observance of forms.--_adj._ PUNCTIL'IOUS, attending to
little points or matters: very nice or exact in behaviour or ceremony:
exact or punctual to excess.--_adv._ PUNCTIL'IOUSLY.--_ns._
PUNCTIL'IOUSNESS; PUNC'TO (_Shak._), the point, or a blow with it in
fencing: a nice point of ceremony. [Sp. _puntillo_, dim. of _punto_,
point--L. _punctum_, a point.]
PUNCTUAL, pungk't[=u]-al, _adj._ of or pertaining to a point: observant of
nice points: punctilious: exact in keeping time and appointments: done at
the exact time.--_ns._ PUNC'TUALIST; PUNCTUAL'ITY, quality or state of
being punctual: the keeping of the exact time of an appointment:
exactness.--_adv._ PUNC'TUALLY.--_n._ PUNC'TUALNESS. [Fr.
_ponctuel_--_punctum_, a point.]
PUNCTUATE, pungk't[=u]-[=a]t, _v.t._ to mark with points: to divide
sentences by the usual points or marks: to emphasise.--_adv._
PUNC'TU[=A]TIM, point for point.--_n._ PUNCTU[=A]'TION, the act or art of
dividing sentences by points or marks.--_adj._ PUNC'TU[=A]TIVE.--_n._
PUNC'TU[=A]TOR.--PUNCTUATION MARKS, the comma, semicolon, colon, period,
&c.
PUNCTUM, pungk'tum, _n._ (_anat._) a point, dot.--_adjs._ PUNC'T[=U]LATE,
-D.--_ns._ PUNCT[=U]L[=A]'TION; PUNC'T[=U]LE; PUNC'T[=U]LUM.--PUNCTUM
CÆCUM, the point of the retina from which the optic nerve fibres radiate,
so called because impervious to light.
PUNCTURE, pungk't[=u]r, _n._ a pricking: a small hole made with a sharp
point.--_v.t._ to prick: to pierce with a pointed instrument.--_n._
PUNCTUR[=A]'TION. [L. _punctura_--_pung[)e]re_, to prick.]
PUNDIT, pun'dit, _n._ a person who is learned in the language, science,
laws, and religion of India: any learned man. [Hind. _pandit_--Sans.
_pandita_.]
PUNDONOR, pun'do-n[=o]r', _n._ point of honour. [Sp., contr. of _punto de
honor_, point of honour.]
PUNGENT, pun'jent, _adj._ sharp: pricking or acrid to taste or smell:
keenly touching the mind: painful: keen: sarcastic.--_ns._ PUN'GENCY,
PUN'GENCE.--_adv._ PUN'GENTLY. [L. _pungens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of
_pung[)e]re_, to prick.]
PUNIC, p[=u]'nik, _adj._ pertaining to, or like, the ancient Carthaginians:
faithless, treacherous, deceitful.--_n._ the language of ancient Carthage.
[L. _Punicus_--_Poeni_, the Carthaginians.]
PUNINESS, p[=u]'ni-nes, _n._ the state or quality of being puny or feeble:
smallness: pettiness. [_Puny_.]
PUNISH, pun'ish, _v.t._ to cause to pay a penalty: to cause loss or pain to
a person for a fault or crime: (_coll._) to handle or beat severely, maul:
(_coll._) to consume a large quantity of: to chasten.--_ns._
PUNISHABIL'ITY, PUN'ISHABLENESS.--_adj._ PUN'ISHABLE, that may be
punished--said both of persons and crimes.--_ns._ PUN'ISHER; PUN'ISHMENT,
act or process of punishing: loss or pain inflicted for a crime or fault:
the consequences of a broken law.--_adjs._ PUNITIVE (p[=u]'ni-tiv),
pertaining to punishment: inflicting punishment; P[=U]'NITORY, punishing:
tending to punishment. [Fr. _punir_, _punis-sant_--L. _pun[=i]re_, to
punish--_poena_, penalty.]
PUNJABEE, PUNJABI, pun-jä'b[=e], _n._ a native or inhabitant of the
_Punjab_ in India.
PUNK, pungk, _n._ rotten wood used as tinder: (_Shak._) a strumpet.
[_Spunk_.]
PUNKA, PUNKAH, pung'ka, _n._ a large fan for cooling the air of an Indian
house, consisting of a light framework covered with cloth and suspended
from the ceiling of a room, worked by pulling a cord or by machinery.
[Hind. _pankha_, a fan.]
PUNSTER, pun'st[.e]r, _n._ one who makes puns.
PUNT, punt, _n._ a flat-bottomed boat with square ends.--_v.t._ to propel,
as a boat, by pushing with a pole against the bottom of a river: to kick
the ball (_in football_) before it touches the ground, when let fall from
the hands: to knock.--_v.i._ to pursue water-fowl in a punt with a
punt-gun.--_ns._ PUNT'ER; PUNT'-FISHING, angling from a punt in a pond,
river, or lake; PUNT'-GUN, a heavy gun of large bore used for shooting
water-fowl from a punt; PUNTS'MAN, a sportsman who uses a punt. [A.S.,--L.
_ponto_, a punt--_pons_, _pontis_, a bridge.]
PUNT, punt, _v.i._ to play at basset or ombre.--_n._ PUNT'ER, one who marks
the points in basset or ombre. [Fr., through Sp.--L. _punctum_, a point.]
PUNTILLA, pun-til'a, _n._ lace-work. [Sp.]
PUNTO, pun'to, _n._ (_Shak._) a point or hit: a pass or thrust made in
fencing.--PUNTO DRITTO, a direct or straight hit; PUNTO RIVERSO, a
back-handed stroke. [Sp. and It. _punto_--L. _punctum_, a point.]
PUNY, p[=u]'ni, _adj._ (_comp._ P[=U]'NIER; _superl._ P[=U]'NIEST) small:
feeble: petty. [Cf. _Puisne_.]
PUP, pup, _v.t._ to bring forth puppies, as a bitch: to whelp:--_pr.p._
pup'ping; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pupped.--_n._ PUP.--BE IN PUP, to be
pregnant, said of dogs. [_Puppy._]
PUPA, p[=u]'pa, _n._ an insect enclosed in a case while passing from the
caterpillar to the winged stage: a chrysalis--also P[=U]PE:--_pl._ PUPÆ
(p[=u]'p[=e]).--_adjs._ P[=U]'PAL, P[=U]P[=A]'RIAL.--_n._ P[=U]P[=A]'RIUM,
a pupa included within the last larval skin.--_v.i._ P[=U]P[=A]TE', to
become a pupa.--_n._ P[=U]P[=A]'TION.--_adjs._ P[=U]'PIFORM;
P[=U]PIG'EROUS.--_n._ P[=U]PIP'ARA, a division of dipterous insects having
pupæ developed within the body of the mother.--_adjs._ P[=U]PIP'AROUS;
P[=U]PIV'OROUS; P[=U]'POID. [L. _pupa_, a girl, a doll, fem. of _pupus_, a
boy, a child; cf. _puer_, a boy.]
PUPIL, p[=u]'pil, _n._ a little boy or girl: one under the care of a tutor:
a scholar: a ward: (_law_) one under the age of puberty--i.e. under
fourteen years for males, and twelve for females.--_adj._ under age.--_ns._
PUPILABIL'ITY (_rare_), pupilary nature: confidential character;
P[=U]'PILAGE, P[=U]'PILLAGE, state of being a pupil: the time during which
one is a pupil; PUPILAR'ITY, PUPILLAR'ITY, the time between birth and
puberty.--_adjs._ P[=U]'PILARY, P[=U]'PILLARY, pertaining to a pupil or
ward.--PUPIL TEACHER, one who is both a pupil and a teacher. [Fr.
_pupille_--L. _pupillus_, _pupilla_, dims. of _pupus_, boy, _pupa_, girl.]
PUPIL, p[=u]'pil, _n._ the round opening in the middle of the eye through
which the light passes: the apple of the eye, so called from the baby-like
figures seen on it: (_zool._) the central dark part of an ocellated
spot.--_adjs._ P[=U]'PILARY, P[=U]'PILLARY; P[=U]'PILATE (_zool._), having
a central spot of another colour.--_n._ PUPILLOM'ETER, an instrument for
measuring the size of the pupil of an eye. [Same as above word.]
PUPPET, pup'et, _n._ a small doll or image moved by wires in a show: a
marionette: one who acts just as another tells him.--_ns._ PUPP'ETRY,
finery, affectation: a puppet-show; PUPP'ET-SHOW, -PLAY, a mock show or
drama performed by puppets; PUPP'ET-VALVE, a valve like a pot-lid attached
to a rod, and used in steam-engines for covering an opening. [O. Fr.
_poupette_, dim. from L. _pupa_.]
PUPPY, pup'i, _n._ a doll: a young dog: a whelp: a conceited young
man.--_adj._ PUPP'Y-HEAD'ED (_Shak._), stupid.--_n._ PUPP'YHOOD, the
condition of being a puppy.--_adj._ PUPP'YISH.--_n._ PUPP'YISM, conceit in
men. [Fr. _poupée_, a doll or puppet--L. _pupa_.]
PUR. See PURR.
PURANA, p[=oo]-rä'na, _n._ one of a class of sacred poetical books in
Sanscrit literature, forming with the Tantras the main foundation of the
actual popular creed of the Brahmanical Hindus.--_adj._ PURAN'IC. [Sans.
_pur[=a]na_--_pur[=a]_, ancient.]
PURBLIND, pur'bl[=i]nd, _adj._ nearly blind, near-sighted: (_orig._) wholly
blind.--_adv._ PUR'BLINDLY.--_n._ PUR'BLINDNESS. [For _pure-blind_--i.e.
wholly blind; the meaning has been modified, prob. through some confusion
with the verb to _pore_.]
PURCHASE, pur'ch[=a]s, _v.t._ to acquire by seeking: to obtain by paying:
to obtain by labour, danger, &c.: (_law_) to get in any way other than by
inheritance: to raise or move by mechanical means: (_Shak._) to expiate by
a fine or forfeit.--_n._ act of purchasing: that which is purchased or got
for a price: value, advantage, worth: any mechanical power or advantage in
raising or moving bodies.--_adj._ PUR'CHASABLE, that may be purchased:
(hence of persons) venal, corrupt.--_n._ PUR'CHASER.--PURCHASE MONEY, the
money paid, or to be paid, for anything; PURCHASE SHEARS, a very strong
kind of shears, with removable cutters, and a strong spring at the back;
PURCHASE SYSTEM, the method by which, before 1871, commissions in the
British army could be bought.--(SO MANY) YEARS' PURCHASE, a price paid for
a house, an estate, &c. equal to the amount of the rent or income during
the stated number of years. [O. Fr. _porchacier_ (Fr. _pourchasser_), to
seek eagerly, pursue--_pur_ (L. _pro_), for, _chasser_, to chase.]
PURDAH, pur'dä, _n._ a curtain screening a chamber of state or the women's
apartments: the seclusion itself. [Hind. _parda_, a screen.]
PURE, p[=u]r, _adj._ (_comp._ PUR'ER; _superl._ PUR'EST) clean: unsoiled:
unmixed: not adulterated: real: free from guilt or defilement: chaste:
modest: mere: that and that only: complete: non-empirical, involving an
exercise of mind alone, without admixture of the results of
experience.--_n._ purity.--_adv._ quite: (_obs._) entirely.--_v.t._ to
cleanse, refine.--_adv._ PURE'LY, without blemish: wholly, entirely:
(_dial._) wonderfully, very much.--_n._ PURE'NESS.--PURE MATHEMATICS (see
MATHEMATICS); PURE REASON, reason alone, without any mixture of
sensibility; PURE SCIENCE, the principles of any science considered in
themselves and their relation to each other, and not in their application
to the investigation of other branches of knowledge, as _pure mathematics_,
_pure logic_, &c. [Fr. _pur_--L. _purus_, pure.]
PURÉE, pü-r[=a]', _n._ a soup, such as pea-soup, in which there are no
pieces of solids. [Fr.]
PURFLE, pur'fl, _v.t._ to decorate with a wrought or flowered border:
(_archit._) to decorate with rich sculpture: (_her._) to ornament with a
border of ermines, furs, &c.--_ns._ PUR'FLE, PUR'FLEW, a border of
embroidery: (_her._) a bordure of ermines, furs, &c.; PUR'FLING.--_adj._
PUR'FLY (Carlyle), wrinkled. [O. Fr. _pourfiler_--L. _pro_, before,
_filum_, a thread.]
PURGE, purj, _v.t._ to make pure: to carry off whatever is impure or
superfluous: to clear from guilt or from accusation: to evacuate, as the
bowels: to trim, dress, prune: to clarify, as liquors.--_v.i._ to become
pure by clarifying: to have frequent evacuations.--_n._ act of purging: a
medicine that purges.--_n._ PURG[=A]'TION, a purging: a clearing away of
impurities: (_law_) the act of clearing from suspicion or imputation of
guilt, a cleansing.--_adj._ PUR'GATIVE, cleansing: having the power of
evacuating the intestines.--_n._ a medicine that evacuates.--_adv._
PUR'GATIVELY.--_adjs._ PURGAT[=O]'RIAL, PURGAT[=O]'RIAN, pertaining to
purgatory; PUR'GATORY, purging or cleansing: expiatory.--_n._ (_R.C._) a
place or state in which souls are after death purified from venial sins:
any kind or state of suffering for a time.--_ns._ PUR'GER, a person or
thing that purges; PUR'GING, act of cleansing or clearing. [Fr.
_purger_--L. _purg[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_purus_, pure, _ag[)e]re_, to do.]
PURIFY, p[=u]'ri-f[=i], _v.t._ to make pure: to cleanse from foreign or
hurtful matter: to free from guilt or uncleanness: to free from
improprieties or barbarisms, as language.--_v.i._ to become pure:--_pa.t._
and _pa.p._ p[=u]'rif[=i]ed.--_n._ PURIFIC[=A]'TION, act of purifying:
(_B._) the act of cleansing ceremonially by removing defilement: a
cleansing of the soul from moral guilt or defilement: a crushing of desire
after anything evil: the pouring of wine into the chalice to rinse it after
communion, the wine being then drunk by the priest.--_adj._
P[=U]'RIFIC[=A]TIVE.--_n._ P[=U]'RIFIC[=A]TOR.--_adj._ P[=U]'RIFIC[=A]TORY,
tending to purify or cleanse.--_n._ P[=U]'RIFIER.--PURIFICATION OF THE
BLESSED VIRGIN MARY, a feast observed in the R.C. Church on February 2d, in
commemoration of the purification of the Virgin Mary, according to the
Jewish ceremonial (Lev. xii. 2) forty days after the birth of Christ. [Fr.
_purifier_--L. _purific[=a]re_--_purus_, pure, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]
PURIM, p[=u]'rim, _n._ the feast of lots held about 1st of March, in which
the Jews commemorated their deliverance from the plot of Haman, as related
in Esther. [Heb., pl. of _pur,_ lot.]
PURISM, p[=u]r'izm, _n._ exclusion of mixture of any kind: pure or
immaculate conduct or style: the doctrine of a purist: great nicety or care
in the use of words.--_n._ P[=U]R'IST, one who is excessively pure or nice
in the choice of words.--_adj._ P[=U]RIS'TIC.
PURITAN, p[=u]r'i-tan, _n._ one aiming at greater strictness in religious
life, esp. one of a religious and political party having such aims in the
time of Elizabeth and the Stuarts.--_adj._ pertaining to the
Puritans.--_adjs._ P[=U]RITAN'IC, -AL, like a Puritan: rigid:
exact.--_adv._ P[=U]RITAN'ICALLY.--_v.i._ P[=U]R'ITANISE.--_n._
P[=U]R'ITANISM, a puritan manner of life: strictness of life: simplicity
and purity of worship: the notions or practice of Puritans. [L. _puritas_,
purity--_purus_, pure.]