showily: to bound gaily, as a horse.--_adj._ PRANC'ING, riding showily:
springing or bounding gaily.--_n._ the action of a horse in rearing,
bounding, &c.--_adv._ PRANC'INGLY. [_Prank._]
PRANDIAL, pran'di-al, _adj._ relating to dinner. [L. _prandium_,
breakfast.]
PRANK, prangk, _v.t._ to display or adorn showily: to put in right
order.--_v.i._ to make great show.--_n._ a sportive action: a mischievous
trick.--_n._ PRANK'ER.--_adv._ PRANK'INGLY.--_adjs._ PRANK'ISH, PRANK'SOME.
[Closely akin to _prink_, a form of _prick_.]
PRASE, pr[=a]z, _n._ a leek-green quartz.--_adjs._ PRAS'INE, PRAS'INOUS,
lightish-green.
PRATE, pr[=a]t, _v.i._ to talk idly: to tattle: to be loquacious.--_v.t._
to speak without meaning or purpose: to let out, as a secret.--_n._
trifling talk.--_n._ PR[=A]'TER, one who prates or talks idly.--_adj._
PR[=A]'TING, talking idly or unmeaningly.--_n._ idle talk.--_adv._
PR[=A]'TINGLY. [Low Ger. _pr[=a]ten_, Dan. _prate_, Dut. _praaten_.]
PRATIQUE, prat'[=e]k, _n._ converse, intercourse: a license or permission
to hold intercourse, or to trade after quarantine. [Fr.]
PRATTLE, prat'l, _v.i._ to talk much and idly: to utter child's
talk.--_v.t._ to talk about in a prattling way.--_n._ empty talk.--_ns._
PRATT'LEBOX, a prattler; PRATT'LEMENT, prattle; PRATT'LER, one who
prattles: a child. [Freq. of _prate_.]
PRAVITY, prav'i-ti, _n._ wickedness.
PRAWN, prawn, _n._ a small edible crustacean like the shrimp. [L. _perna_,
a mussel.]
PRAXIS, praks'is, _n._ practice: an example or a collection of examples for
exercise: a specimen.--_n._ PRAX'INOSCOPE, an optical instrument showing a
body as if in motion, by means of successive pictures and an arrangement of
mirrors in a horizontally rotating box. [Gr. _praxein_, to do.]
PRAY, pr[=a], _v.i._ to ask earnestly: to entreat: to speak and make known
one's desires to God.--_v.t._ to ask earnestly and reverently, as in
worship: to supplicate: to get by praying:--_pr.p._ pr[=a]y'ing; _pa.t._
and _pa.p._ pr[=a]yed.--_ns._ PRAY'ER, the act of praying: entreaty: the
words used: solemn giving of thanks and praise to God, and a making known
of our requests to Him: a form of prayer used in worship: a petition to a
public body; PRAY'ER-BOOK, a book containing prayers or forms of
devotion.--_adj._ PRAY'ERFUL, full of, or given to, prayer: praying much or
often: devotional.--_adv._ PRAY'ERFULLY.--_n._ PRAY'ERFULNESS.--_adj._
PRAY'ERLESS, without or not using prayer.--_adv._ PRAY'ERLESSLY.--_ns._
PRAY'ERLESSNESS; PRAY'ER-MEET'ING, a shorter and simpler form of public
religious service, in which laymen often take part; PRAY'ER-MONG'ER, one
who prays mechanically; PRAY'ER-RUG, a small carpet on which a Moslem
kneels at prayer; PRAY'ING, the act of making a prayer: a prayer
made.--_adj._ given to prayer.--_ns._ PRAY'ING-MACHINE', -MILL, -WHEEL, a
revolving apparatus used for prayer in Tibet and elsewhere. [O. Fr.
_preier_ (Fr. _prier_)--L. _prec[=a]ri_--_prex_, _precis_, a prayer.]
PRE-, pr[=e], before, in compound words like _preanal_, _preauditory_,
_preaxial_, _prebasal_, _prebrachial_, _precardiac_, _precentral_,
_precerebral_, _precloacal_, _precordial_, _precoracoid_, _predentate_,
_pre-esophageal_, &c.
PREACE, pr[=e]s, _n._ (_Spens._). Same as PREASE.
PREACH, pr[=e]ch, _v.i._ to pronounce a public discourse on sacred
subjects: to discourse earnestly: to give advice in an offensive or
obtrusive manner.--_v.t._ to publish in religious discourses: to deliver,
as a sermon: to teach publicly.--_n._ (_coll._) a sermon.--_ns._ PREACH'ER,
one who discourses publicly on religious matter: a minister or clergyman;
PREACH'ERSHIP.--_v.i._ PREACH'IFY, to preach tediously: to weary with
lengthy advice.--_ns._ PREACH'ING, the act of preaching: a public religious
discourse: a sermon; PREACH'ING-CROSS, a cross in an open place at which
monks, &c., preached.--_n.pl._ PREACH'ING-FR[=I]'ARS, the Dominicans.--_n._
PREACH'MENT, a sermon, in contempt: a discourse affectedly solemn.--_adj._
PREACH'Y, given to tedious moralising.--PREACH DOWN, and UP, to decry, or
the opposite. [Fr. _prêcher_ (It. _predicare_)--L. _prædic[=a]re_,
_-[=a]tum_, to proclaim.]
PREACQUAINT, pr[=e]-ak-kw[=a]nt', _v.t._ to acquaint beforehand.--_n._
PREACQUAINT'ANCE, previous knowledge.
PRE-ADAMITE, pr[=e]-ad'a-m[=i]t, _n._ one who lived before _Adam_.--_adjs._
PREADAM'IC, -AL; PREADAMIT'IC, -AL.
PREADAPTATION, pr[=e]-ad-ap-t[=a]'shun, _n._ previous adjustment of means
to some end.
PREADJUSTMENT, pr[=e]-ad-just'ment, _n._ previous arrangement.
PREADMISSION, pr[=e]-ad-mish'un, _n._ previous admission.
PREADMONISH, pr[=e]-ad-mon'ish, _v.t._ to admonish or caution
beforehand.--_n._ PREADMONI'TION, previous warning.
PREADVERTISE, pr[=e]-ad-v[.e]r-t[=i]z', _v.t._ to announce beforehand.
PREAMBLE, pr[=e]-am'bl, _n._ preface: introduction, esp. that of an Act of
Parliament, giving its reasons and purpose.--_adj._ PREAM'BULARY. [Fr.
_préambule_--L. _præ,_ before, _ambul[=a]re_, to go.]
PREANNOUNCE, pr[=e]-an-nowns', _v.t._ to announce beforehand.
PREAPPOINT, pr[=e]-ap-point', _v.t._ to appoint beforehand.--_n._
PREAPPOINT'MENT, previous appointment.
PREARRANGE, pr[=e]-ar-r[=a]nj', _v.t._ to arrange beforehand.--_n._
PREARRANGE'MENT.
PREASE, pr[=e]s, _v.t._ or _v.i._ (_Spens._) to press, to crowd.--_n._
(_Spens._) a press, a crowd.
PREASSURANCE, pr[=e]-a-sh[=oo]r'ans, _n._ previous assurance.
PRE-AUDIENCE, pr[=e]-aw'di-ens, _n._ right to be heard before another:
precedence at the bar among lawyers.
PREBEND, preb'end, _n._ the share of the revenues of a cathedral or
collegiate church allowed to a clergyman who officiates in it at stated
times.--_adj._ PREB'ENDAL, relating to a prebend.--_ns._ PREB'ENDARY, a
resident clergyman who enjoys a prebend, a canon: the honorary holder of a
disendowed prebendal stall; PREB'ENDARYSHIP. [L. _præbenda_, a payment from
a public source--_præb[=e]re_, to allow.]
PRECARIOUS, pr[=e]-k[=a]'ri-us, _adj._ uncertain, because depending upon
the will of another: held by a doubtful tenure: depending on chance:
dangerous, risky.--_adv._ PREC[=A]'RIOUSLY.--_n._ PREC[=A]'RIOUSNESS. [L.
_precarius_--_prec[=a]ri_, to pray.]
PRECATORY, prek'a-t[=o]-ri, _adj._ relating to prayer,
supplicatory.--_adj._ PREC'ATIVE (_obs._), suppliant.
PRECAUTION, pr[=e]-kaw'shun, _n._ caution or care beforehand: a preventive
measure: something done beforehand to ward off evil or secure good.--_v.t._
to warn or advise beforehand.--_adjs._ PRECAU'TIONAL, PRECAU'TIONARY,
containing or proceeding from precaution: taking precaution. [Fr.,--L.
_præ_, before, _cav[=e]re_, to be careful.]
PRECEDE, pre-s[=e]d', _v.t._ to go before in time, rank, or
importance.--_v.i._ to be before in time, or place. [Fr. _précéder_--L.
_præced[)e]re_--_præ_, before, _ced[)e]re_, go.]
PRECEDENCE, pr[=e]-s[=e]'dens, _n._ the act of going before in time:
priority: the state of being before in rank: the place of honour: the
foremost place in ceremony--also PREC[=E]'DENCY.--_adj._ PREC[=E]'DENT,
going before in order of time: anterior.--_n._ PRECEDENT (pres'[=e]dent), a
past action which may serve as an example or rule in the future: a parallel
case in the past: an established habit or custom.--_adjs._ PREC'EDENTED,
having a precedent: warranted by an example; PRECEDEN'TIAL, of the nature
of a precedent.--_adv._ PREC[=E]'DENTLY.--_adj._ PREC[=E]'DING, going
before in time, rank, &c.: antecedent: previous: former.--ORDER OF
PRECEDENCE, the rules which fix the places of persons at a ceremony; PATENT
OF PRECEDENCE, a royal grant giving to certain barristers right of superior
rank; TAKE PRECEDENCE OF, to have a right to a more honourable place.
[Fr.,--L. _præcedens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _præced[)e]re_, to go before.]
PRECENTOR, pre-sen'tor, _n._ he that leads in music: the leader of a choir
in a cathedral, &c.: the leader of the psalmody in Scotch churches.--_n._
PRECEN'TORSHIP. [L. _præ_, before, _cantor_, a singer.]
PRECEPT, pr[=e]'sept, _n._ rule of action: a commandment: principle, or
maxim: (_law_) the written warrant of a magistrate: a mandate.--_adj._
PRECEP'TIAL (_Shak._), consisting of precepts.--_n._ PRECEP'TION (_obs._),
a precept.--_adj._ PRECEP'TIVE, containing or giving precepts: directing in
moral conduct: didactic.--_n._ PRECEP'TOR, one who delivers precepts: a
teacher: an instructor: the head of a school: the head of a preceptory of
Knights Templars:--_fem._ PRECEP'TRESS.--_adjs._ PRECEPT[=O]'RIAL;
PRECEP'TORY, giving precepts.--_n._ a religious house or college of the
Knights Templars. [Fr.,--L. _præceptum_--_præcip[)e]re_, to take
beforehand--_præ_, before, _cap[)e]re_, to take.]
PRECES, pr[=e]'sez, _n.pl._ the alternate responsive petitions, as the
versicles and suffrages, between the clergyman and the congregation in
liturgical worship. [L., pl. of _prex_, a prayer.]
PRECESSION, pr[=e]-sesh'un, _n._ the act of going before: a moving
forward.--_adj._ PRECES'SIONAL.--PRECESSION OF THE EQUINOXES, a slow
backward motion of the equinoctial points along the ecliptic, caused by the
greater attraction of the sun and moon on the excess of matter at the
equator, such that the times at which the sun crosses the equator come at
shorter intervals than they would otherwise do.
PRECHRISTIAN, pr[=e]-krist'yan, _adj._ existing before the Christian era.
PRECINCT, pr[=e]'singkt, _n._ limit or boundary of a place: a district or
division within certain boundaries: limit of jurisdiction or authority. [L.
_præcinctus_, pa.p. of _præcing[)e]re_--_præ_, before, _cing[)e]re_, to
gird.]
PRECIOUS, presh'us, _adj._ of great price or worth: costly: highly
esteemed: worthless, contemptible (in irony): fastidious, overnice:
(_coll._) considerable: (_B._) valuable because rare.--_adv._ (_coll._)
extremely.--_n._ PRECIOS'ITY, fastidiousness, affected
overrefinement.--_adv._ PREC'IOUSLY.--_ns._ PREC'IOUS-MET'AL, a metal of
great value, as gold or silver; PREC'IOUSNESS; PREC'IOUS-STONE, a stone of
value and beauty for ornamentation: a gem or jewel. [O. Fr. _precios_ (Fr.
_précieux_)--L. _pretiosus_--_pretium_, price.]
PRECIPICE, pres'i-pis, _n._ a very steep place: any steep descent: a
perpendicular bank or cliff.--_adj._ PRECIP'ITOUS, like a precipice: very
steep: hasty: rash.--_adv._ PRECIP'ITOUSLY.--_n._ PRECIP'ITOUSNESS.
[Fr.,--L. _præcipitium_--_præceps_, _præcipitis_, headlong--_præ_, before,
_caput_, _capitis_, the head.]
PRECIPITATE, pr[=e]-sip'i-t[=a]t, _v.t._ to throw head-foremost: to urge
with eagerness: to hurry rashly: to hasten: (_chem._) to cause to fall to
the bottom, as a substance in solution or suspension.--_v.i._ to fall
headlong: to make too great haste.--_adj._ falling, flowing, or rushing
headlong: lacking deliberation: overhasty: (_med._) ending soon in
death.--_n._ (_chem._) a part of a solution, falling or causing to fall to
the bottom.--_n._ PRECIPITABIL'ITY.--_adj._ PRECIP'ITABLE (_chem._), that
may be precipitated.--_ns._ PRECIP'ITANCE, PRECIP'ITANCY, quality of being
precipitate: haste in resolving or executing a purpose.--_adj._
PRECIP'ITANT, falling headlong: rushing down with too great velocity:
hasty: unexpectedly brought on.--_n._ anything that causes part of a
solution to fall to the bottom.--_advs._ PRECIP'ITANTLY; PRECIP'IT[=A]TELY,
in a precipitate manner: headlong: without due thought.--_n._
PRECIPIT[=A]'TION, act of precipitating: great hurry: rash haste: rapid
movement: (_chem._) the process by which any substance is made to separate
from another in solution, and fall to the bottom.--_adj._
PRECIP'IT[=A]TIVE.--_n._ PRECIPIT[=A]'TOR, one who, or that which,
precipitates or causes precipitation.--PRECIPITATE OINTMENT is of two
kinds, _red_ and _white_--the former containing red oxide of mercury, the
latter ammoniated mercury. [L. _præcipit[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_præceps_.]
PRÉCIS, pr[=a]-s[=e]', _n._ a precise or abridged statement: an abstract:
summary. [Fr.]
PRECISE, pr[=e]-s[=i]s', _adj._ definite: exact: not vague: just of the
right amount or measure: adhering too much to rule: excessively nice,
punctilious, prim.--_adv._ PRECISE'LY.--_ns._ PRECISE'NESS; PRECI'SIAN, an
over-precise person: a formalist: a puritan; PRECI'SIANISM; PRECI'SIANIST,
PRECI'SIONIST, a precisian; PRECI'SION, quality of being precise:
exactness: accuracy.--_v.t._ PRECI'SIONISE, to make precise.--_adj._
PREC[=I]'SIVE, cutting off: pertaining to precision. [Fr. _précis_--L.
_præcisus_, pa.p. of _præcid[)e]re_--_præ_, before, _cæd[)e]re_, to cut.]
PRECLASSICAL, pr[=e]-klas'i-kal, _adj._ previous to the classical time or
usage.
PRECLUDE, pr[=e]-klud', _v.t._ to shut out beforehand: to hinder by
anticipation: to keep back: to prevent from taking place.--_n._
PRECL[=U]'SION, act of precluding or hindering: state of being
precluded.--_adj._ PRECL[=U]'SIVE, tending to preclude: hindering
beforehand.--_adv._ PRECL[=U]'SIVELY. [L. _præclud[)e]re_,
_-clusum_--_præ_, before, _claud[)e]re_, to shut.]
PRECOCIOUS, pr[=e]-k[=o]'shus, _adj._ having the mind developed very early,
or too early: premature: forward: (_bot._) appearing before the
leaves.--_adv._ PREC[=O]'CIOUSLY.--_ns._ PREC[=O]'CIOUSNESS, PRECOC'ITY,
state or quality of being precocious: too early ripeness of the mind. [L.
_præcox_, _præcocis_--_præ_, before, _coqu[)e]re_, to cook.]
PRECOGNITION, pr[=e]-kog-nish'un, _n._ cognition, knowledge, or examination
beforehand: (_Scots law_) an examination of witnesses as to whether there
is ground for prosecution.--_v.t._ PRECOGNOSCE (pr[=e]-kog-nos'), to
examine witnesses beforehand: to take a precognition.
PRECOMPOSE, pr[=e]-kom-p[=o]z', _v.t._ to compose beforehand.
PRECONCEIVE, pr[=e]-kon-s[=e]v', _v.t._ to conceive or form a notion of
before having actual knowledge.--_ns._ PRECONCEIT', a preconceived notion;
PRECONCEP'TION, act of preconceiving: previous opinion formed without
actual knowledge.
PRECONCERT, pr[=e]-kon-s[.e]rt', _v.t._ to settle beforehand.--_n._
PRECON'CERT, a previous arrangement.--_adv._ PRECONCERT'EDLY.--_n._
PRECONCERT'EDNESS.
PRECONDEMN, pr[=e]-kon-dem', _v.t._ to condemn beforehand.--_n._
PRECONDEMN[=A]'TION.
PRECONDITION, pr[=e]-kon-dish'un, _n._ a previous condition.
PRECONFORM, pr[=e]-kon-form', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to conform in
anticipation.--_n._ PRECONFOR'MITY.
PRECONISE, pr[=e]'kon-[=i]z, _v.t._ to call upon or summon publicly: to
confirm officially, of the pope.--_n._ PRECONIS[=A]'TION. [Fr.,--L.
_præco_, a herald.]
PRECONSCIOUS, pr[=e]-kon'shus, _adj._ pertaining to a state prior to
consciousness.
PRECONSENT, pr[=e]-kon-sent', _n._ a previous consent.
PRECONSIGN, pr[=e]-kon-s[=i]n', _v.t._ to consign beforehand.
PRECONSTITUTE, pr[=e]-kon'sti-t[=u]t, _v.t._ to constitute beforehand.
PRECONSUME, pr[=e]-kon-s[=u]m', _v.t._ to consume beforehand.
PRECONTEMPORANEOUS, pr[=e]-kon-tem-p[=o]-r[=a]'n[=e]-us, _adj._ prior to
what is contemporaneous.
PRECONTRACT, pr[=e]-kon-trakt', _v.t._ to contract beforehand: to betroth
previously.--_n._ PRECON'TRACT, a previous contract or betrothal.
PRECONTRIVE, pr[=e]-kon-tr[=i]v', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to contrive beforehand.
PRECORDIAL, PRÆCORDIAL, pr[=e]-kor'di-al, _adj._ situated in front of the
heart.
PRECOURSE, pr[=e]-k[=o]rs', _v.t._ to announce beforehand.
PRECRITICAL, pr[=e]-krit'i-kal, _adj._ previous to the critical philosophy
of Kant.
PRECULAR, prek'[=u]-lär, _n._ a beadsman.
PRECURRENT, pr[=e]-kur'ent, _adj._ running forward: antrorse--opp. to
_Recurrent_.--_ns._ PRECURR'ER (_Shak._), a forerunner; PRECURSE'
(_Shak._), a prognostication.--_adj._ PRECUR'SIVE, anticipatory.--_n._
PRECUR'SOR, a forerunner: one who, or that which, indicates the approach of
an event.--_adj._ PRECUR'SORY, forerunning: indicating something to follow.
[L.,--_præ_, before, _cursor_--_curr[)e]re_, to run.]
PREDACEOUS, pr[=e]-d[=a]'shus, _adj._ living by prey: predatory.--_adj._
PRED'ABLE, raptorial.--_n._ PRED[=A]'CEAN, a carnivorous animal.--_adj._
PR[=E]'DAL, pertaining to prey: plundering.--_n._ PRED[=A]'TION, the act of
plundering.--_adv._ PRED'ATORILY, plunderingly.--_n._ PRED'ATORINESS,
inclination to plunder.--_adj._ PRED'ATORY, plundering: characterised by
plundering: living by plunder: ravenous. [L. _præda_, booty.]
PREDATE, pr[=e]-d[=a]t', _v.t._ to date before the true date: to date by
anticipation: to be earlier than.
PREDECEASE, pr[=e]-d[=e]-s[=e]s', _n._ decease or death before some one or
something else.--_v.t._ to die before.
PREDECESSOR, pr[=e]-d[=e]-ses'or, _n._ one who has been before another in
any office.--_v.t._ PREDECESS' (_rare_), to precede.--_adj._ PREDECES'SIVE.
[L. _præ_, before, _decessor_, a retiring officer, _deced[)e]re_,
_decessum_, to withdraw--_de_, away, _ced[)e]re_.]
PREDECLARE, pr[=e]-d[=e]-kl[=a]r', _v.t._ to declare beforehand.
PREDEFINE, pr[=e]-d[=e]-f[=i]n', _v.t._ to define beforehand.--_n._
PREDEFINI'TION.
PREDELINEATION, pr[=e]-d[=e]-lin-[=e]-[=a]'shun, _n._ the old theory which
supposed the whole body to be predelineated in little in the spermatozoon.
PREDELLA, pr[=e]-del'a, _n._ the gradino, the step or ledge sometimes seen
at the back of an altar, also the frieze along the bottom of an
altar-piece. [It.]
PREDESIGN, pr[=e]-d[=e]-z[=i]n', _v.t._ to design beforehand.--_v.t._
PREDES'IGNATE, to determine upon in advance.--_adj._ designated in advance:
(_logic_) having the quantification of the predicate distinctly expressed
(_Sir W. Hamilton_).--_n._ PREDESIGN[=A]'TION.--_adj._ PREDES'IGN[=A]TORY.
PREDESTINE, pr[=e]-des'tin, _v.t._ to destine or decree beforehand: to
foreordain.--_adj._ PREDESTIN[=A]'RIAN, pertaining to predestination.--_n._
one who holds the doctrine of predestination.--_n._
PREDESTIN[=A]'RIANISM.--_v.t._ PREDES'TINATE, to determine beforehand: to
preordain by an unchangeable purpose.--_adj._ fore-ordained: fated.--_n._
PREDESTIN[=A]'TION, act of predestinating: (_theol._) the doctrine that God
has from all eternity unalterably fixed whatever is to happen, esp. the
eternal happiness or misery of men.--_n._ PREDESTIN[=A]'TOR, one who
predestinates or foreordains: a predestinarian.
PREDETERMINE, pr[=e]-d[=e]-t[.e]r'min, _v.t._ to determine or settle
beforehand.--_adjs._ PREDETER'MINABLE, capable of being determined
beforehand; PREDETER'MIN[=A]TE, determined beforehand.--_ns._
PREDETERMIN[=A]'TION, act of predetermining, or state of being
predetermined; PREDETER'MINISM, determinism.
PREDEVOTE, pr[=e]-d[=e]-v[=o]t', _adj._ foreordained.
PREDIAL, pr[=e]'di-al, _adj._ consisting of land or farms: connected with
land: growing from land. [Fr. _prédial_--L. _prædium_, an estate.]
PREDICABLE, pred'i-ka-bl, _adj._ that may be predicated or affirmed of
something: attributable.--_n._ anything that can be predicated of another,
or esp. of many others: one of the five attributes--genus, species,
difference, property, and accident.--_n._ PREDICABIL'ITY, quality of being
predicable.
PREDICAMENT, pr[=e]-dik'a-ment, _n._ (_logic_) one of the classes or
categories which include all predicables: condition: an unfortunate or
trying position.--_adj._ PREDICAMEN'TAL. [Low L. _predicamentum_, something
predicated or asserted.]
PREDICANT, pred'i-kant, _adj._ predicating: preaching.--_n._ one who
affirms anything: a preacher, esp. a preaching-friar.
PREDICATE, pred'i-k[=a]t, _v.t._ to affirm one thing of another: to assert:
to base on certain grounds.--_n._ (_logic_ and _gram._) that which is
stated of the subject.--_n._ PREDIC[=A]'TION, act of predicating:
assertion: affirmation.--_adj._ PREDIC[=A]'TIVE, expressing predication or
affirmation: affirming: asserting.--_adv._ PRED'IC[=A]TIVELY.--_adj._
PRED'IC[=A]TORY, affirmative. [L. _prædic[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to proclaim.]
PREDICT, pr[=e]-dikt', _v.t._ to declare or tell beforehand: to
prophesy.--_adj._ PREDIC'TABLE.--_n._ PREDIC'TION, act of predicting: that
which is predicted or foretold: prophecy.--_adj._ PREDIC'TIVE, foretelling:
prophetic.--_n._ PREDIC'TOR. [L. _prædictus_, pa.p. of
_prædic[)e]re_--_præ_, before, _dic[)e]re_, to say.]
PREDIGEST, pr[=e]-di-jest', _v.t._ to digest artificially before
introducing into the body.--_n._ PREDIGES'TION.
PREDILECTION, pr[=e]-di-lek'shun, _n._ a choosing beforehand: favourable
prepossession of mind: partiality.--_v.t._ PREDILECT', to prefer. [L.
_præ_, before, _dilectio_, _-onis_, choice--_dilig[)e]re_, _dilectum_, to
love--_dis_, apart, _leg[)e]re_, to choose.]
PREDISCOVER, pr[=e]-dis-kuv'[.e]r, _v.t._ to discover beforehand.--_n._
PREDISCOV'ERY.
PREDISPOSE, pr[=e]-dis-p[=o]z', _v.t._ to dispose or incline beforehand: to
render favourable.--_adj._ PREDISP[=O]'SING, inclining beforehand: making
liable.--_n._ PREDISPOSI'TION, state of being predisposed or previously
inclined: a state of body in which disease is easily excited.--_adj._
PREDISPOSI'TIONAL.
PREDOMINATE, pr[=e]-dom'in-[=a]t, _v.t._ to dominate or rule over.--_v.i._
to be dominant over: to surpass in strength or authority: to
prevail.--_ns._ PREDOM'INANCE, PREDOM'INANCY, condition of being
predominant: superior influence: superiority: ascendency.--_adj._
PREDOM'INANT, ruling: having superior power: ascendant.--_adv._
PREDOM'INANTLY.--_n._ PREDOMIN[=A]'TION, ascendency.--PREDOMINANT PARTNER,
the partner who has a larger stake in any business than the others--applied
by Lord Rosebery (1894) to England as a member of the United Kingdom.
PREDONE, pr[=e]-dun', _adj._ worn out, exhausted.
PREDOOM, pr[=e]-d[=oo]m', _v.t._ to doom in anticipation or beforehand.
PREDORSAL, pr[=e]-dor'sal, _adj._ situated before the dorsal region of the
spine: cervical.
PREDY, pr[=e]'di, _adj._ (_naut._) cleared for action.
PREE, pr[=e], _v.t._ (_Scot._) to prove, esp. to taste.
PRE-ELECT, pr[=e]-e-lekt', _v.t._ to elect or choose beforehand.--_n._
PR[=E]-ELEC'TION, choice or election made by previous decision.
PRE-EMINENCE, pr[=e]-em'i-nens, _n._ state of being pre-eminent:
superiority in excellence: (_Shak._) prerogative.--_adj._ PR[=E]-EM'INENT,
eminent above others: surpassing others in good or bad qualities:
outstanding: extreme.--_adv._ PR[=E]-EM'INENTLY.
PRE-EMPLOY, pr[=e]-em-ploi', _v.t._ to employ beforehand.
PRE-EMPTION, pr[=e]-em'shun, _n._ act or right of purchasing before
others.--_v.t._ PR[=E]-EMPT' (_U.S._), to secure, as land, by the right of
pre-emption.--_adjs._ PR[=E]-EMPT'IBLE; PR[=E]-EMPT'IVE.--_n._
PR[=E]-EMPT'OR. [L. _præ_, before, _emptio_, a buying--_em[)e]re_, to buy.]
PREEN, pr[=e]n, _v.t._ to compose and arrange as birds do their feathers.
[_Prune_ (v.).]
PREEN, pr[=e]n, _n._ (_Scot._) a pin.--_v.t._ to fasten. [A.S. _preón_, a
pin.]
PRE-ENGAGE, pr[=e]-en-g[=a]j', _v.t._ to establish beforehand.--_n._
PR[=E]-ENGAGE'MENT.
PRE-ESTABLISH, pr[=e]-es-tab'lish, _v.t._ to establish beforehand.--_n._
PR[=E]-ESTAB'LISHMENT.--PRE-ESTABLISHED HARMONY (see HARMONY).
PREEVE, pr[=e]v, _n._ and _v.t._ obs. form of _proof_ and _prove_.
PRE-EXAMINATION, pr[=e]-egz-am-i-n[=a]'shun, _n._ previous
examination.--_v.t._ PR[=E]-EXAM'INE.
PRE-EXILIC, pr[=e]-eg-zil'ik, _adj._ before the exile--of O.T. writings
prior to the Jewish exile (_c._ 586-537 B.C.).
PRE-EXIST, pr[=e]-egz-ist', _v.i._ to exist beforehand.--_n._
PR[=E]-EXIST'ENCE, the existence of the soul in a previous state, before
the generation of the body with which it is united in this world.--_adj._
PR[=E]-EXIST'ENT, existent or existing beforehand.
PREFACE, pref'[=a]s, _n._ something usually of an explanatory kind, spoken
before: the introduction to a book, &c.: the ascription of glory, &c., in
the liturgy of consecration of the eucharist: a title or epithet.--_v.t._
to introduce with a preface.--_adj._ PREFAT[=O]'RIAL, serving as a preface
or introduction.--_adv._ PREF'ATORILY.--_adj._ PREF'ATORY, pertaining to a
preface: serving as an introduction: introductory. [Fr. _préface_--L.
_præfatio_--_præ_, before, _f[=a]ri_, _fatus_, to speak.]
PREFECT, pr[=e]'fekt, _n._ one placed in authority over others: a
commander: the administrative head of a modern French department.--_ns._
PR[=E]'FECTSHIP, his office or jurisdiction; PR[=E]'FECTURE, the office or
district of a prefect: the house occupied by a prefect. [Fr. _préfet_--L.
_præfectus_, pa.p. of _præfic[)e]re_--_præ_, over, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]
PREFER, pr[=e]-f[.e]r', _v.t._ to esteem above another: to regard or hold
in higher estimation: to choose or select before others: to promote: to
exalt: to offer or present, as a request: to bring forward for
consideration: to place in advance:--_pr.p._ prefer'ring; _pa.t._ and
_pa.p._ preferred'.--_ns._ PREFERABIL'ITY, PREF'ERABLENESS.--_adj._
PREF'ERABLE, worthy to be preferred or chosen: more desirable or excellent:
of better quality.--_adv._ PREF'ERABLY, by choice: in preference.--_n._
PREF'ERENCE, the act of preferring: estimation above another: the state of
being preferred: that which is preferred: choice.--_adj._ PREFERENTIAL
(pref-[.e]r-en'shal), having a preference.--_adv._ PREFEREN'TIALLY.--_ns._
PREFER'MENT, the act of preferring: the state of being preferred or
advanced: advancement to a higher position: promotion: superior place, esp.
in the church; PREFER'RER, one who prefers.--PREFERENCE SHARES, or STOCK,
shares or stock on which the dividends must be paid before those on other
kinds. [Fr. _préférer_--L. _præferre_--_præ_, before, _ferre_, to bear.]
PREFIGURE, pr[=e]-fig'[=u]r, _v.t._ to represent beforehand: to suggest by
former types or figures.--_ns._ PREFIGUR[=A]'TION, PREFIG'UREMENT.--_adj._
PREFIG'UR[=A]TIVE, showing by previous figures, types, or similitudes.
PREFIX, pr[=e]-fiks', _v.t._ to put before, or at the beginning: to fix
beforehand.--_ns._ PR[=E]'FIX, a letter, syllable, or word put before
another word to affect its meaning; PREFIX'ION, act of prefixing.
PREFORM, pr[=e]-form', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to form beforehand: to determine
the shape of beforehand.--_n._ PREFORM[=A]'TION.--_adj._ PREFOR'MATIVE.
PREFRONTAL, pr[=e]-fron'tal, _adj._ pertaining to the forepart of the
forehead.--_n._ a bone of this region.
PREFULGENCY, pr[=e]-ful'jen-si, _n._ superior brightness.
PREGLACIAL, pr[=e]-gl[=a]'shal, _adj._ (_geol._) prior to the glacial or
drift period.
PREGNABLE, preg'na-bl, _adj._ that may be taken by assault or force. [Fr.
_prenable_--_prendre_, to take--L. _prehend[)e]re_.]
PREGNANT, preg'nant, _adj._ being with child or young: fruitful: abounding
with results: full of meaning: implying more than is actually expressed:
ready-witted: clever: ingenious: full of promise: free: evident:
clear.--_n._ PREG'NANCY, state of being pregnant: fertility: unusual
capacity.--_adv._ PREG'NANTLY. [O. Fr.--L. _prægnans_, _-antis_.]
PREHALLUX, pr[=e]-hal'uks, _n._ a cartilaginous spur on the inner side of
the foot in some batrachians.
PREHENSILE, pr[=e]-hen'sil, _adj._ seizing: adapted for seizing or
holding--also PREHEN'SORY.--_adj._ PREHEN'SIBLE, that may be seized.--_ns._
PREHEN'SION, act of seizing or taking hold; PREHEN'SOR, one who takes hold.
[L. _pre-hend[)e]re_, _-hensum_, to seize.]
PREHISTORIC, pr[=e]-his-tor'ik, _adj._ relating to a time before that
treated of in history.--_n._ PR[=E]HIS'TORY, history prior to record--the
Ger. _Urgeschichte_.
PREHNITE, pren'[=i]t, _n._ a hydrous silicate of alumina and lime, usually
of a pale-green colour. [Named after _Prehn_, the discoverer of the
mineral.]
PREIGNAC, pr[=a]-nyak', _n._ an esteemed white wine of Bordeaux. [From
_Preignac_ in the Gironde.]
PRE-INSTRUCT, pr[=e]-in-strukt', _v.t._ to instruct beforehand.
PRE-INTIMATION, pr[=e]-in-ti-m[=a]'shun, _n._ an intimation or suggestion
made beforehand.
PREJINK, pr[=e]-jingk', _adj._ (_Scot._) tricked out with dress.--Also
PERJINK'.
PREJUDGE, pr[=e]-juj', _v.t._ to judge or decide upon before hearing the
whole case: to condemn unheard.--_n._ PREJUDG'MENT.--_adj._ PREJUDICAL
(pre-j[=oo]'di-kal), pertaining to the determination of some undecided
matter.--_v.t._ PREJUDIC[=A]TE (-j[=oo]d'-), to judge beforehand: to
prejudge.--_v.i._ to decide without examination.--_n._ PREJUDIC[=A]'TION
(-j[=oo]d-).--_adj._ PREJUDIC[=A]TIVE (-j[=oo]d'-), forming a judgment or
opinion beforehand. [L. _præjudic[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_præ_, before,
_judic[=a]re_, to judge.]
PREJUDICE, prej'[=u]-dis, _n._ a judgment or opinion formed beforehand or
without due examination: a prejudgment: unreasonable prepossession for or
against anything: bias: injury or wrong of any kind: disadvantage:
mischief.--_v.t._ to fill with prejudice: to cause a prejudice against: to
prepossess: to bias the mind of: to injure or hurt.--_adj._ PREJUDI'CIAL,
causing prejudice or injury: disadvantageous: injurious: mischievous:
tending to obstruct.--_adv._ PREJUDI'CIALLY.--_n._ PREJUDI'CIALNESS. [O.
Fr.,--L. _præjudicium_--_præ_, before, _judicium_, judgment.]
PREKNOWLEDGE, pr[=e]-nol'ej, _n._ prior knowledge.
PRELATE, prel'[=a]t, _n._ the holder of one of those higher dignities in
the church to which, of their own right, is attached a proper jurisdiction,
not derived by delegation from any superior official: a church
dignitary.--_ns._ PREL'ACY, the office of a prelate: the order of bishops
or the bishops collectively: church government by prelates: episcopacy;
PREL'ATESHIP.--_adjs._ PRELAT'IC, -AL, pertaining to prelates or
prelacy.--_adv._ PRELAT'ICALLY.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ PREL'ATISE, to make or
to become prelatical.--_ns._ PREL'ATISM, PREL'ATURE, prelacy: the time
during which a prelate exercises authority; PREL'ATIST, an upholder of
prelacy. [Fr. _prélat_--L. _prelatus_--_præ_, before, _latus_, borne.]
PRELECT, pr[=e]-lekt', _v.i._ to read before or in presence of others: to
read a discourse: to lecture.--_ns._ PRELEC'TION, a lecture or discourse
read to others; PRELEC'TOR, one who prelects: a lecturer. [L.
_præleg[)e]re_--_præ_, before, _leg[)e]re_, _lectum_, to read.]
PRELIBATION, pr[=e]-l[=i]-b[=a]'shun, _n._ a tasting beforehand, foretaste.
[L. _prælibatio_--_præ_, before, _lib[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to taste.]
PRELIMINARY, pr[=e]-lim'in-ar-i, _adj._ introductory: preparatory:
preceding or preparing for the main discourse or business.--_n._ that which
precedes: introduction--used mostly in _pl._--_adv._ PRELIM'INARILY. [L.
_præ_, before, _liminaris_, relating to a threshold--_limen_, _liminis_, a
threshold.]
PRELINGUAL, pr[=e]-ling'gwal, _adj._ prior to language.
PRELUDE, pr[=e]-l[=u]d', or prel'[=u]d, _n._ the introductory movement of a
musical work: a prefatory piece to an oratorio, &c.: an organ voluntary
before a church service: a preface: a forerunner.--_v.t._ PRELUDE', to play
before: to preface, as an introduction.--_v.i._ to perform a prelude: to
serve as a prelude.--_adjs._ PREL[=U]'DIAL and PREL[=U]'DIOUS (_rare_);
PREL[=U]'SIVE, of the nature of a prelude: introductory.--_advs._
PREL[=U]'SIVELY; PREL[=U]'SORILY.--_adj._ PREL[=U]'SORY, introductory.
[Fr.,--Late L. _præludium_--L. _præ_, before, _lud[)e]re_, to play.]
PREMANDIBULAR, pr[=e]-man-dib'[=u]-lar, _adj._ in front of the lower jaw,
as a bone of some reptiles.
PREMATURE, pr[=e]-ma-t[=u]r', _adj._ mature before the proper time:
happening before the proper time: too soon believed: unauthenticated (as a
report).--_adv._ PR[=E]MAT[=U]RE'LY.--_ns._ PREMAT[=U]R'ITY,
PR[=E]MAT[=U]RE'NESS. [L. _præmaturus_--_præ_, before, _maturus_, ripe.]
PREMAXILLARY, pr[=e]-mak'si-l[=a]-ri, _adj._ in front of the maxilla.--_n._
such a bone.
PREMEDITATE, pr[=e]-med'i-t[=a]t, _v.t._ to meditate upon beforehand: to
design previously.--_v.i._ to deliberate beforehand.--_adv._
PREMED'IT[=A]TEDLY.--_n._ PREMEDIT[=A]'TION.--_adj._ PREMED'IT[=A]TIVE.
[L., _præmedit[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_--_præ_, before, _medit[=a]ri_, to
meditate.]
PREMIER, pr[=e]'mi-[.e]r, _adj._ prime or first: chief: (_her._) most
ancient.--_n._ the first or chief: the prime-minister.--_v.i._ to govern as
premier.--_adj._ and _n._ PREMIÈRE (pre-my[=a]r'), first or leading
actress, dancer, forewoman, &c.--_n._ PR[=E]'MIERSHIP. [Fr.,--L.
_primarius_, of the first rank--_primus_, first.]
PREMILLENNIAL, pr[=e]-mi-len'i-al, _adj._ of or pertaining to the times
before the millennium--also PREMILLEN[=A]'RIAN.--_n._ one who believes in
the premillennial advent of Christ.--_ns._ PREMILLEN[=A]'RIANISM;
PREMILLENN'IALISM.
PREMISE, PREMISS, prem'is, _n._ that which is premised or stated at the
outset: a proposition previously stated or proved for after-reasoning:
(_logic_) one of the two propositions in a syllogism from which the
conclusion is drawn: the thing set forth in the beginning of a
deed.--_n.pl._ PREM'ISES, a building and its adjuncts.
PREMISE, pr[=e]-m[=i]z', _v.t._ to send or state before the rest: to make
an introduction: to lay down propositions for subsequent reasonings.
[Fr.,--L. (_sententia_) _præmissa_, (a sentence) put before--_præ_, before,
_mitt[)e]re_, _missum_, to send.]
PREMIUM, pr[=e]'mi-um, _n._ a reward: a prize: a bounty: payment made for
insurance: the difference in value above the original price or par of
stock--opp. to _Discount_: anything offered as an incentive.--_adjs._
PR[=E]'MIAL, PR[=E]'MIANT.--_v.t._ PR[=E]'MIATE, to reward with a
premium.--AT A PREMIUM, above par (see PAR). [L. _præmium_--_præ_, above,
_em[)e]re_, to buy.]
PREMOLAR, pr[=e]-m[=o]'lar, _adj._ before a molar, in place or time,
deciduous.--_n._ a milk-molar.
PREMONISH, pr[=e]-mon'ish, _v.t._ to admonish or warn beforehand.--_n._
PR[=E]MONI'TION, a warning or sign (often a feeling) of what is going to
happen.--_adjs._ PR[=E]MON'ITIVE, PR[=E]MON'ITORY, giving warning or notice
beforehand.--_n._ PR[=E]MON'ITOR, one who, or that which, gives warning
beforehand.--_adv._ PR[=E]MON'ITORILY. [_Pre-_, before, _monish_, a corr.
form through O. Fr., from L. _mon[=e]re_, to warn.]
PREMONSTRANT, pr[=e]-mon'strant, _n._ a member of an order of regular
canons founded by St Norbert, in 1119, at a place in the forest of Coucy
(near Laon in the dep. of Aisne), pointed out in a vision, and thence
called Prémontré (L. _Pratum monstratum_=the meadow pointed out)--called
also Norbertines, and in England, from their habit, White Canons.--Also
PREMONSTRATEN'SIAN (_n._ and _adj._).
PREMORSE, pr[=e]-mors', _adj._ ending abruptly, as if bitten off. [L.
_præmord[=e]re_, _præmorsum_, to bite in front.]
PREMOSAIC, pr[=e]-m[=o]-z[=a]'ik, _adj._ before the time of _Moses_.
PREMOTION, pr[=e]-m[=o]'shun, _n._ previous motion.
PRENASAL, pr[=e]-n[=a]'sal, _adj._ in front of the nasal passages.
PRENATAL, pr[=e]-n[=a]'tal, _adj._ previous to birth.
PRENOMINATE, pr[=e]-nom'in-[=a]t, _p.adj._ (_Shak._) forenamed.
PRENOTION, pr[=e]-n[=o]'shun, _n._ preconception.
PRENTICE, pren'tis, _n._ Short for _apprentice_.
PREOCCIPITAL, pr[=e]-ok-sip'i-tal, _adj._ situated before the occipital
region or lobe.
PREOCCUPY, pr[=e]-ok'[=u]-p[=i], _v.t._ to occupy or take possession of
beforehand: to fill beforehand or with prejudices.--_ns._ PR[=E]OC'CUPANCY,
the act or the right of occupying beforehand; PR[=E]OC'CUPANT, a prior
occupant.--_v.t._ PR[=E]OC'CUP[=A]TE (_Bacon_), to occupy before
others.--_n._ PR[=E]OCCUP[=A]'TION.--_adj._ PR[=E]OC'CUPIED, already
occupied: lost in thought, abstracted.
PREOPTION, pr[=e]-op'shun, _n._ the right of first choice.
PREORAL, pr[=e]-[=o]'ral, _adj._ situated in front of the mouth.--_adv._
PRE[=O]'RALLY.
PREORDAIN, pr[=e]-or-d[=a]n', _v.t._ to ordain, appoint, or determine
beforehand.--_n._ PREORDIN[=A]'TION.
PREORDER, pr[=e]-or'd[.e]r, _v.t._ to arrange beforehand.--_n._
PREOR'DINANCE, a rule previously established.
PREPAID, pr[=e]-p[=a]d', _adj._ paid beforehand.
PREPARATION, prep-a-r[=a]'shun, _n._ the act of preparing: previous
arrangement: the state of being prepared or ready: that which is prepared
or made ready: (_anat._) a part of any animal body preserved as a specimen:
the day before the Sabbath or other Jewish feast-day: devotional exercises
introducing an office: (_mus._) the previous introduction, as an integral
part of a chord, of a note continued into a succeeding dissonance.--_adj._
PR[=E]PAR'ATIVE, having the power of preparing or making ready: fitting for
anything.--_n._ that which prepares the way: preparation.--_adv._
PR[=E]PAR'ATIVELY, by way of preparation.--_adj._ PR[=E]PAR'ATORY,
preparing for something coming: previous: introductory. [Fr.,--L.]
PREPARE, pr[=e]-p[=a]r', _v.t._ to make ready beforehand: to fit for any
purpose: to make ready for use: to adapt: to form: to set or appoint: to
provide: to equip.--_v.i._ to get one's self ready: to put everything in
proper order: to lead up to.--_n._ (_Shak._) preparation.--_adj._
PREPARED', made ready, fit, or suitable: ready.--_adv._
PREP[=A]'REDLY.--_ns._ PREP[=A]'REDNESS; PREP[=A]'RER. [Fr.,--L.
_præpar[=a]re_--_præ_, before, _par[=a]re_, to make ready.]
PREPAY, pr[=e]-p[=a]', _v.t._ to pay before or in advance.--_n._
PREPAY'MENT.
PREPENSE, pr[=e]-pens', _adj._ premeditated: intentional, chiefly in the
phrase 'malice prepense'=malice aforethought or intentional--(_obs._)
PREPEN'SIVE.--_v.t._ (_Spens._) to consider or deliberate
beforehand.--_adv._ PREPENSE'LY, intentionally. [Fr.,--L. _præ_, before,
_pens[=a]re_--_pend[)e]re_, _pensum_, to weigh.]
PREPOLLENCE, pr[=e]-pol'ens, _n._ prevalence--also PREPOLL'ENCY.--_adj._
PREPOLL'ENT.
PREPONDERATE, pr[=e]-pon'd[.e]r-[=a]t, _v.t._ to outweigh: to incline to
one side: to exceed in power or influence.--_ns._ PREPON'DERANCE,
PREPON'DERANCY, PREPONDER[=A]'TION, power or state of outweighing: excess
of weight, number, or quantity: predominance.--_adj._ PREPON'DERANT,
outweighing: superior in weight, power, or influence.--_advs._
PREPON'DERANTLY, PREPONDER[=A]'TINGLY. [L. _præ_, before, _ponder[=a]re_,
_-[=a]tum_, to weigh--_pondus_, a weight.]
PREPOSITION, prep-[=o]-zish'un, _n._ a word placed before a noun or pronoun
to show its relation to some other word of the sentence.--_adj._
PREPOSI'TIONAL.--_adv._ PREPOSI'TIONALLY.--_adj._ PREPOSI'TIVE, put before:
prefixed.--_n._ a word or particle put before another word--opp. to
_Post-positive_.--_n._ PREPOS'ITOR, a school-monitor. [Fr.,--L.
_præpositio_--_præ_, before, _pon[)e]re_, _positum_, to place.]
PREPOSSESS, pr[=e]-poz-zes', _v.t._ to possess beforehand: to fill
beforehand, as the mind with some opinion: to bias or prejudice.--_adj._
PREPOSSESS'ING, tending to prepossess in one's favour: making a favourable
impression.--_adv._ PREPOSSESS'INGLY.--_n._ PREPOSSES'SION, previous
possession: impression formed beforehand, usually a favourable one.
PREPOSTEROUS, pr[=e]-pos't[.e]r-us, _adj._ contrary to nature or reason:
wrong: absurd: foolish.--_adv._ PREPOS'TEROUSLY.--_n._ PREPOS'TEROUSNESS,
unreasonableness. [L. _præposterus_--_præ_, before, _posterus_,
after--_post_, after.]
PREPOTENT, pr[=e]-p[=o]'tent, _adj._ powerful in a very high degree:
excelling others in influence or authority.--_ns._ PREP[=O]'TENCE,
PREP[=O]'TENCY.--_adj._ PREPOTEN'TIAL.
PREPUCE, pr[=e]'p[=u]s, _n._ the loose skin of the penis covering the
glans: the foreskin.--_adj._ PREP[=U]'TIAL. [L. _præputium_.]
PREPUNCTUAL, pr[=e]-pungk't[=u]-al, _adj._ excessively prompt.--_n._
PREPUNCTUAL'ITY.
PRERAPHAELITISM, pr[=e]-raf'[=a]-el-[=i]-tizm, _n._ a style of painting
begun in 1847-49 by D. G. Rossetti, W. Holman Hunt, J. E. Millais, and
others in imitation of the painters who lived before _Raphael_ (1483-1523),
and characterised by a truthful, almost rigid, adherence to natural forms
and effects--also PRERAPH'AELISM.--_adj._ PRERAPH'AELITE, pertaining to, or
resembling, the style of art before the time of Raphael--also _n._--_adj._
PRERAPH'AELITISH.
PREREMOTE, pr[=e]-r[=e]-m[=o]t', _adj._ more remote in previous time or
order.
PREREQUISITE, pr[=e]-rek'wi-zit, _n._ something previously necessary:
something needed in order to gain an end.--_adj._ required as a condition
of something else.
PREROGATIVE, pr[=e]-rog'a-tiv, _n._ a peculiar privilege shared by no
other: a right arising out of one's rank, position, or nature.--_adj._
arising out of, or held by, prerogative.--_v.t._ to endow with a
prerogative.--_adj._ PREROG'ATIVED (_Shak._), having a prerogative or
exclusive privilege.--_adv._ PREROG'ATIVELY, by prerogative or exclusive
privilege.--PREROGATIVE COURT, formerly a court having jurisdiction over
testamentary matters.--ROYAL PREROGATIVE, the rights which a sovereign has
by right of office, which are different in different countries. [Fr.,--L.
_prærogativus_, that is asked before others for his opinion or vote--_præ_,
before, _rog[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to ask.]
PRESAGE, pr[=e]s'[=a]j, _n._ something that gives warning of a future
event: a foreboding: a presentiment.--_v.t._ PR[=E]SAGE', to forebode: to
warn of something to come: to predict.--_v.i._ to have a presentiment
of.--_adj._ PRESAGE'FUL.--_ns._ PRESAGE'MENT, the act of presaging: that
which is presaged: prediction; PRESAG'ER. [Fr. _présage_--L.
_præsagium_--_præsag[=i]re_--_præ_, before, _sag[=i]re_, to perceive
quickly.]
PRESANCTIFY, pr[=e]-sangk'ti-f[=i], _v.t._ to consecrate beforehand.
PRESARTORIAL, pr[=e]-sär-t[=o]'ri-al, _adj._ before the age of tailoring.
[L. _sartor_--_sarc[=i]re_, to patch.]
PRESBYOPIA, pres-bi-[=o]'pi-a, _n._ long-sightedness, together with
diminished power of distinguishing things near, common in old age--also
PRES'BYOPY.--_n._ PRES'BYOPE, one so affected.--_adj._ PRESBYOP'IC.--_n._
PRES'BYTE, one affected with presbyopia. [Gr. _presbys_, old, _[=o]ps_,
_[=o]pos_, the eye.]
PRESBYTER, prez'bi-t[.e]r, _n._ an elder, a priest: a minister or priest in
rank between a bishop and a deacon: a member of a presbytery.--_adjs._
PRESBYT'ERAL, PRESBYT[=E]'RIAL, PRESBYT[=E]'RIAN, pertaining to, or
consisting of, presbyters: pertaining to Presbytery or that form of church
government in which all the clergy or presbyters are equal--opp. to
_Episcopacy_.--_n._ PRESBYT'ER[=A]TE, the office of a presbyter: a
presbytery.--_adv._ PRESBYT[=E]'RIALLY.--_ns._ PRESBYT[=E]'RIAN;
PRESBYT[=E]'RIANISM, the form of church government by presbyters;
PRES'BYTERSHIP; PRES'BYTERY, a church court ranking between the
Kirk-session and the Synod, consisting of the ministers and one elder, a
layman, from each church within a certain district: that part of the church
reserved for the officiating priests: (_R.C._) a clergyman's
house.--REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, a religious body in Scotland, called
also _Cameronians_, who remained separate from the Church of Scotland and
maintained the perpetual obligation of the Covenants--the greater part
joined the Free Church in 1876; UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, a religious
body formed by the union of the Secession and Relief Churches in
1847--itself uniting with the Free Church in 1900. [L.,--Gr. _presbyteros_,
comp. of _presbys_, old.]
PRESCIENCE, pr[=e]'shi-ens, _n._ knowledge of events beforehand:
foresight.--_adj._ PR[=E]'SCIENT, knowing things beforehand.--_adv._
PR[=E]'SCIENTLY. [L. _præsciens_, pr.p. of _præsc[=i]re_--_præ_, before,
_sc[=i]re_, to know.]
PRESCIENTIFIC, pr[=e]-s[=i]-en-tif'ik, _adj._ before the scientific age,
before knowledge was systematised.
PRESCIND, pr[=e]-sind', _v.t._ to abstract from other facts or
ideas.--_v.i._ to withdraw the attention (_from_).--_adj._
PR[=E]SCIN'DENT.--_n._ PR[=E]SCIS'SION.
PRESCRIBE, pr[=e]-skr[=i]b', _v.t._ to lay down as a rule or direction: to
give as an order: to appoint: (_med._) to give directions for, as a remedy:
to render useless or invalid through lapse of time.--_v.i._ to lay down
rules: to claim on account of long possession: to become of no force
through time.--_ns._ PR[=E]SCRIB'ER; PR[=E]'SCRIPT, something prescribed:
direction: model prescribed; PR[=E]SCRIPTIBIL'ITY.--_adj._
PR[=E]SCRIP'TIBLE, that may be prescribed.--_n._ PR[=E]SCRIP'TION, act of
prescribing or directing: (_med._) a written direction for the preparation
of a medicine: a recipe: (_law_) custom continued until it becomes a right
or has the force of law.--_adj._ PR[=E]SCRIP'TIVE, consisting in, or
acquired by, custom or long-continued use: customary.--PRESCRIPTIVE TITLE,
a title established by right of prescription. [L. _præscrib[)e]re_,
_-scriptum_--_præ_, before, _scrib[)e]re_, to write.]
PRESEE, pr[=e]-s[=e]', _v.t._ to foresee.
PRESENCE, prez'ens, _n._ state of being present--opp. of Absence: situation
near or within sight, &c., companionship: approach face to face: nearness
to the person of a superior: an assembly of great persons: mien: personal
appearance: an apparition: calmness, readiness, as of mind: (_Shak._) a
presence-chamber.--_ns._ PRES'ENCE-CHAM'BER, -ROOM, the chamber or room in
which a great personage receives company.--_adj._ PRES'ENT, being in a
certain place--opp. to _Absent_: now under view or consideration: being at
this time: not past or future: ready at hand: attentive: not absent-minded:
(_gram._) denoting time just now, or making a general statement.--_n._
present time or business: (_pl._) the writing of a letter, or a deed of any
kind as actually shown at any time: any deed or writing.--_adj._
PR[=E]SEN'TIAL, having or implying actual presence.--_n._
PR[=E]SENTIAL'ITY.--_adv._ PR[=E]SEN'TIALLY.--_n._ PRES'ENTNESS, state of
being present.--PRESENCE OF MIND, a state of mind which enables a person to
speak or act with calmness and promptness in circumstances of great and
sudden difficulties.--AT PRESENT, at the present time, now; REAL PRESENCE,
a doctrine or belief that the body and blood of Christ are really and
substantially present in the eucharist; THE PRESENT, the present time. [O.
Fr.,--L. _præsentia_--_præsens_, _-sentis_--_præ_, before, _sens_, being.]
PRESENT, pr[=e]-zent', _v.t._ to set before, to introduce into the presence
of: to exhibit to view: to offer as a gift: to put into the possession of
another: to make a gift of: to appoint to a benefice: to lay before for
consideration: to point, as a gun before firing.--_n._ PRES'ENT, that which
is presented or given, a gift.--_adj._ PR[=E]SENT'ABLE, fit to be
presented: capable of being presented to a church living.--_n._
PRESENT[=A]'TION, act of presenting: a setting forth, as of a truth:
representation: the act or the right of presenting to a benefice: the
appearance of a particular part of the fetus at the superior pelvic strait
during labour.--_adj._ PRESENT'ATIVE, having the right of presentation:
pertaining to immediate cognition.--_ns._ PRESENT[=EE]', one who is
presented to a benefice; PR[=E]SENT'ER.--_adj._ PR[=E]SENT'IVE,
presentative, non-symbolic (of words).--_n._ PR[=E]SENT'IVENESS.--_adv._
PRES'ENTLY, after a little, by-and-by, shortly: (_arch._) without delay, at
once.--_n._ PRESENT'MENT, act of presenting: the thing presented or
represented: (_law_) notice taken of an offence by a grand-jury from their
own knowledge or observation: accusation presented to a court by a
grand-jury.--PRESENT ARMS, to bring the gun or rifle to a perpendicular
position in front of the body, as a token of respect to a superior officer.
[Fr.,--L. _præsent[=a]re_--_præsens_.]
PRESENTIENT, pr[=e]-sen'shi-ent, _adj._ perceiving beforehand.--_n._
PR[=E]SEN'SION.
PRESENTIMENT, pr[=e]-sen'ti-ment, _n._ a sentiment or feeling beforehand:
previous opinion: an impression as of something unpleasant soon to happen.
[O. Fr.,--L. _præsent[=i]re_.]
PRESENTOIR, prez-en-twor', _n._ a tray or salver: a Japanese lacquered
stand for a bowl. [Fr.]
PRESERVE, pr[=e]-z[.e]rv', _v.t._ to keep safe from harm or injury: to
defend: to keep in a sound state: to season for preservation: to make
lasting: to keep up, as appearances.--_n._ that which is preserved, as
fruit, &c.: that which preserves: a place for the protection of animals, as
game: (_pl._) spectacles to protect the eyes from strong light, &c.--_n._
PR[=E]SERVABIL'ITY.--_adj._ PR[=E]SER'VABLE.--_n._ PR[=E]SERV[=A]'TION, act
of preserving or keeping safe: state of being preserved: safety.--_adjs._
PR[=E]SER'VATIVE, PR[=E]SER'VATORY, tending to preserve: having the quality
of preserving.--_n._ that which preserves: a preventive of injury or
decay.--_n._ PR[=E]SERV'ER. [Fr. _préserver_--L. _præ_, beforehand,
_serv[=a]re_, to preserve.]
PRESES, pr[=e]'s[=e]z, _n._ (_Scot._) a president or chairman.
PRESIDE, pr[=e]-z[=i]d', _v.i._ to direct or control, esp. at a meeting: to
superintend.--_ns._ PRES'IDENCY, the office of a president, or his dignity,
term of office, jurisdiction, or residence: a division of British India, as
the _Presidency_ of Bengal; PRES'IDENT, one who presides over a meeting: a
chairman: the chief officer of a college, institution, &c.: an officer
elected from time to time, as chief ruler of a republic--also _adj._
(_Milt._).--_n.fem._ PRES'IDENTESS.--_adj._ PRESIDEN'TIAL, presiding over:
pertaining to a president.--_n._ PRES'IDENTSHIP.--LORD PRESIDENT, the
presiding judge of the Court of Session in Scotland; LORD PRESIDENT OF THE
COUNCIL, a member of the House of Lords who presides over the privy
council, with especial charge of education, sanitation, &c. [Fr.
_présider_--L. _præsid[=e]re_--_præ_, before, _sed[=e]re_, to sit.]
PRESIDIAL, pr[=e]-sid'i-al, _adj._ pertaining to a garrison.--_adj._ and
_n._ PR[=E]SID'IARY.--_n._ PR[=E]SID'IO (_Sp. Amer._), a military post: a
penitentiary.
PRESIGNIFY, pr[=e]-sig'ni-f[=i], _v.t._ to signify beforehand.--_n._
PR[=E]SIGNIFIC[=A]'TION, the act of showing beforehand.
PRESS, pres, _v.t._ to push on or against with a heavy weight or with great
force: to squeeze out, as juice: to clasp or embrace: to bear heavily on:
to distress: to urge strongly: to present to the mind with earnestness: to
lay stress upon: to hurry on with great speed: to shape or smooth by the
application of weight.--_v.i._ to exert pressure: to push with force: to
crowd: to go forward with violence: to urge with vehemence and importunity:
to exert a strong influence.--_n._ PRESS'ER.--_adj._ PRESS'ING, urgent:
importunate: forcible.--_adv._ PRESS'INGLY.--_n._ PRES'SION. [Fr.
_presser_--L. _press[=a]re_--_prem[)e]re_, _pressum_, to squeeze.]
PRESS, pres, _n._ an instrument for squeezing bodies: a printing-machine:
the art or business of printing and publishing: act of urging forward:
urgency: strong demand: a crowd: a closet for holding articles.--_ns._
PRESS'-BED, a bed enclosed in a cupboard, or folding up into it; PRESS'FAT
(_B._), the vat of an olive or wine press for collecting the liquor;
PRESS'MAN, one who works a printing-press: a journalist or reporter: a
member of a pressgang; PRESS'MARK, a mark upon a book to show its place
among others in a library; PRESS'-ROOM, a room where printing-presses are
worked; PRESS'-WORK, the operation of taking impressions from type or
plates by means of the printing-press.--PRESS OF SAIL, as much sail as can
be carried.--BRAHMAH PRESS, a hydraulic press called after Mr _Brahmah_,
its inventor; CYLINDER PRESS, a printing-press in which the types are laid
on a cylinder which revolves, instead of on a flat surface; HYDRAULIC PRESS
(see HYDRAULIC); LIBERTY OF THE PRESS, the right of publishing books, &c.,
without submitting them to a government authority for permission; THE
PRESS, the literature of a country, esp. its newspapers.
PRESS, pres, _v.t._ to carry men off by violence to become soldiers or
sailors.--_ns._ PRESS'GANG, a gang or body of sailors under an officer
empowered to impress men into the navy; PRESS'-MON'EY (for _prest-money_),
earnest-money. [Corr. from old form _prest_, from O. Fr. _prester_ (Fr.
_prêter_), to lend--_præst[=a]re_, to offer--_præ_, before, _st[=a]re_, to
stand.]
PRESSIROSTER, pres-si-ros't[.e]r, _n._ one of a tribe of wading birds, the
PRESSIROS'TRES, having a flattened beak.--_adj._ PRESSIROS'TRAL. [L.
_pressus_, pa.p. of _prem[)e]re_, to press, _rostrum_, a beak.]
PRESSURE, presh'[=u]r, _n._ act of pressing or squeezing: the state of
being pressed: impulse: constraining force or influence: that which presses
or afflicts: difficulties: urgency: strong demand: (_physics_) the action
of force on something resisting it.--CENTRE OF PRESSURE (see CENTRE). [O.
Fr.,--L. _pressura_--_prem[)e]re_, to press.]
PREST, prest, _adj._ ready: neat: at hand.--_n._ ready-money: a
loan.--_v.t._ to pay out: to lend. [L. _præsto_, ready.]
PRESTER JOHN, pres't[.e]r jon, _n._ the name applied by medieval credulity
(12th-14th cent.) to the supposed Christian sovereign of a vast empire in
Central Asia. [O. Fr. _prester_ (Fr. _prêtre_), priest.]
PRESTIDIGITATION, pres-ti-dij-i-t[=a]'shun, _n._ sleight of hand--also
PRESTIG'I[=A]TION.--_adj._ PRESTIDIG'ITAL.--_ns._ PRESTIDIG'IT[=A]TOR,
PRESTIG'I[=A]TOR, one who practises sleight of hand.
PRESTIGE, pres-t[=e]zh', or pres'tij, _n._ influence arising from past
conduct or from reputation. [Fr.,--L. _præstigium_,
delusion--_præstingu[)e]re_, to deceive.]
PRESTO, pres'to, _adv._ quick: at once: (_mus._) quickly, quicker than
_allegro_:--_superl._ PRESTIS'SIMO. [It.,--L. _præsto_, ready.]
PRESTRICTION, pr[=e]-strik'shun, _n._ blindness. [L. _præstring[)e]re_,
_præstrictum_, to draw tight.]
PRESTUDY, pr[=e]-stud'i, _v.t._ to study beforehand.
PRESULTOR, pr[=e]-sul'tor, _n._ a leader of a dance.
PRESUME, pr[=e]-z[=u]m', _v.t._ to take as true without examination or
proof: to take for granted.--_v.i._ to venture beyond what one has ground
for: to act forwardly or without proper right.--_adj._ PRES[=U]M'ABLE, that
may be presumed or supposed to be true.--_adv._ PRES[=U]M'ABLY.--_adj._
PRES[=U]M'ING, venturing without permission: unreasonably bold.--_adv._
PRES[=U]M'INGLY.--_n._ PRESUMP'TION, act of presuming: supposition: strong
probability: that which is taken for granted: confidence grounded on
something not proved: conduct going beyond proper bounds: (_law_) an
assuming of the truth of certain facts from the existence of others having
some connection with them.--_adj._ PRESUMP'TIVE, presuming: grounded on
probable evidence: (_law_) proving circumstantially.--_adv._
PRESUMP'TIVELY.--PRESUMPTIVE EVIDENCE, evidence for a fact derived from
other facts having some connection with it: indirect evidence.--HEIR
PRESUMPTIVE, the person, not son or daughter, at present next in succession
to any living person. [Fr. _présumer_--L. _præsum[)e]re_--_præ_, before,
_sum[)e]re_, to take--_sub_, under, _em[)e]re_, to buy.]
PRESUMPTUOUS, pr[=e]-zump't[=u]-us, _adj._ full of presumption: going
beyond the bounds of right or duty: bold and confident: founded on
presumption: wilful.--_adv._ PRESUMP'TUOUSLY.--_n._ PRESUMP'TUOUSNESS. [L.
_præsumptuosus_.]
PRESUPPOSE, pr[=e]-sup-p[=o]z', _v.t._ to suppose before actual knowledge:
to assume or take for granted.--_n._ PRESUPPOSI'TION.
PRESURMISE, pr[=e]-sur-m[=i]z', _n._ (_Shak._) a surmise previously formed.
PRETEND, pr[=e]-tend', _v.t._ to hold out as a cloak for something else: to
lay claim to: to attempt, undertake: to offer as true something that is not
so: to affect to feel: (_obs._) to offer, present.--_v.i._ to put in a
claim: to make-believe.--_ns._ PRETENCE', something pretended: appearance
or show to hide reality: false show or reason: pretext: assumption: claim;
PRETEN'DANT, -ENT, a pretender.--_adjs_. PRETEN'DED, PRETEN'SED,
ostensible, assumed.--_adv._ PRETEN'DEDLY.--_ns._ PRETEN'DER;
PRETEN'DERSHIP.--_adv._ PRETEN'DINGLY.--_n._ PRETEN'SION, act of
pretending: something pretended: false or fictitious appearance: claim
either true or false.--_adj._ PRETEN'TIOUS, marked by or containing
pretence: claiming more than is warranted: presumptuous: arrogant.--_adv._
PRETEN'TIOUSLY, in a pretentious manner.--_n._ PRETEN'TIOUSNESS, the
quality of being pretentious. [Fr. _prétendre_--L. _prætend[)e]re_--_præ_,
before, _tend[)e]re_, _tentum_, _tensum_, to stretch.]
PRETENSE. Same as PRETENCE.
PRETERCANINE, pr[=e]-t[.e]r-ka-n[=i]n', _adj._ more than canine.
PRETERHUMAN, pr[=e]-t[.e]r-h[=u]'man, _adj._ more than human.
PRETERIMPERFECT, pr[=e]-t[.e]r-im-p[.e]r'fekt, _adj._ implying that an
event was happening at a certain past time.
PRETERITE, pret'[.e]r-it, _adj._ gone by: past: noting the past
tense.--_n._ the past tense.--_ns._ PRET'ERIST, one who holds the
prophecies of the Apocalypse already fulfilled; PRET'ERITENESS.--_adj._
PRETERI'TIAL (_biol._), once active but now latent.--_n._ PRETERI'TION, the
act of passing over: the doctrine that God passes over the non-elect in
electing to eternal life those predestinated to salvation.--_adj._
PRETER'ITIVE, expressing past times. [L. _præteritus_--_præter_, beyond,
_[=i]re_, _[=i]tum_, to go.]
PRETERMIT, pr[=e]-t[.e]r-mit', _v.t._ to pass by: to omit: to leave
undone:--_pr.p._ pr[=e]termit'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._
pr[=e]termit'ted.--_n._ PRETERMIS'SION, the act of passing by: omission.
[L. _præter_, past, _mitt[)e]re_, to send.]
PRETERNATURAL, pr[=e]-t[.e]r-nat'[=u]-ral, _adj._ beyond what is natural:
out of the regular course of things: extraordinary.--_n._
PRETERNAT'URALISM, belief in the preternatural: preternatural
existence.--_adv._ PRETERNAT'URALLY.--_n._ PRETERNAT'URALNESS.
PRETERNUPTIAL, pr[=e]-ter-nup'shal, _adj._ adulterous.
PRETERPERFECT, pr[=e]-t[.e]r-p[.e]r'fekt, _adj._ denoting the perfect
tense.
PRETERPLUPERFECT, pr[=e]-t[.e]r-pl[=oo]'p[.e]r-fekt, _adj._ denoting the
pluperfect tense.
PRETEXT, pr[=e]'tekst, or pr[=e]-tekst', _n._ an assumed motive or reason
put forward to conceal the real one: a pretence. [L.
_prætextum_--_prætex[)e]re_--_præ_, before, _tex[)e]re_, to weave.]
PRETHOUGHTFUL, pr[=e]-thawt'f[=oo]l, _adj._ forethoughtful, prudent.
PRETIBIAL, pr[=e]-tib'i-al, _adj._ situated upon the front of the lower
part of the leg.
PRETOR, &c. See PRÆTOR, &c.
PRETTY, pret'i, _adj._ tasteful: pleasing to the eye: having attractive but
not striking beauty: neat: beautiful without dignity: small: affected:
moderately large, considerable: puny, weak (a term of endearment): (in
contempt) fine: (_obs._) shrewd, cunning: (_obs._) strong, warlike.--_adv._
in some degree: moderately.--_v.t._ PRETT'IFY, to make pretty in an
excessively ornamental way.--_adv._ PRETT'ILY, in a pretty manner:
pleasingly: elegantly: neatly.--_n._ PRETT'INESS.--_adj._ PRETT'YISH,
somewhat pretty.--_n._ PRETT'YPRETTY (_coll._), a knick-knack.--_adj._
PRETT'Y-SP[=O]'KEN, speaking or spoken prettily.--PRETTY MUCH, very nearly.
[A.S. _prættig_, tricky--_prætt_, trickery; prob. Low L. _practicus_--Gr.
_praktikos_--_prattein_, to do.]
PRETYPIFY, pr[=e]-tip'i-f[=i], _v.t._ to represent by a type what is to
happen: to prefigure.
PRETZEL, pret'sel, _n._ a brittle biscuit, cracknel. [Ger.,--Old High Ger.
_brizilla_, _prezitella_--Low L. _bracellus_, also _braciolum_, a kind of
cake.]
PREVAIL, pr[=e]-v[=a]l', _v.i._ to be very powerful: to gain the victory:
to have the upper hand: to have greater influence or effect: to overcome:
to be in force: to succeed.--_v.t._ (_obs.)_ avail.--_adj._ PREVAIL'ING,
having great power: controlling: bringing about results: very general or
common.--_adv._ PREVAIL'INGLY.--_ns._ PREVAIL'MENT (_Shak._), prevalence;
PREV'ALENCE, PREV'ALENCY, the state of being prevalent or wide-spread:
superior strength or influence: preponderance: efficacy.--_adj._
PREV'ALENT, prevailing: having great power: victorious: wide-spread: most
common.--_adv._ PREV'ALENTLY. [Fr. _prévaloir_--L. _præval[=e]re_--_præ_,
before, _val[=e]re_, to be powerful.]
PREVARICATE, pr[=e]-var'i-k[=a]t, _v.i._ to shift about from side to side,
to evade the truth: to quibble: (_obs._) to undertake a thing with the
purpose of defeating or destroying it: (_law_) to betray a client by
collusion with his opponent.--_v.t._ (_obs._) to pervert,
transgress.--_ns._ PR[=E]VARIC[=A]'TION, the act of quibbling to evade the
truth; PR[=E]VAR'IC[=A]TOR, one who prevaricates to evade the truth: a
quibbler. [L. _prævaric[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_--_præ_, inten., _varicus_,
straddling--_varus_, bent.]
PREVENANCY, prev'[=e]-nan-si, _n._ complaisance.
PREVENT, pr[=e]-vent', _v.t._ to hinder: to check: to render impossible:
(_orig._) to go before: to be earlier than.--_v.t._ PR[=E]VENE' (rare), to
precede.--_n._ PREV[=E]'NIENCE.--_adj._ PREV[=E]'NIENT (_Milt._), going
before: preceding: preventive.--_n._ PREVENTABIL'ITY, the quality of being
preventable.--_adj._ PREVEN'TABLE, that may be prevented or
hindered.--_ns._ PREVEN'TER, one who, or that which, prevents or hinders:
(_naut._) an additional rope or spar for strengthening the ordinary one;
PREVEN'TION, act of preventing: anticipation or forethought:
obstruction.--_adjs._ PREVEN'TIVE, PREVEN'TATIVE, tending to prevent or
hinder: preservative.--_n._ that which prevents: a preservative.--_adv._
PREVEN'TIVELY.--_n._ PREVEN'TIVENESS.--PREVENTIVE SERVICE, the service
rendered by the coastguard in preventing smuggling. [L. _præventus_, pa.p.
of _præven[=i]re_--_præ_, before, _ven[=i]re_, to come.]
PREVERTEBRAL, pr[=e]-v[.e]r'te-bral, _adj._ situated or developing before
the vertebræ.
PREVIOUS, pr[=e]'vi-us, _adj._ going before in time: former.--_adv._
PR[=E]'VIOUSLY.--_n._ PR[=E]'VIOUSNESS, antecedence: priority in
time.--PREVIOUS QUESTION, a motion made during a debate, 'that the main
question be now put.' If the decision be 'yes,' the debate is ended and the
question put and decided; if it be 'no,' the debate is adjourned in the
British parliament, but continues in the American assembly. [L.
_præevius_--_præ_, before, _via_, a way.]
PREVISE, pr[=e]-viz', _v.t._ to foresee: to forewarn.--_n._ PREVI'SION,
foresight: foreknowledge. [L. _prævid[=e]re_, _prævisum_, to
foresee--_præ_, before, _vid[=e]re_, to see.]
PREWARN, pr[=e]-wawrn', _v.t._ to warn beforehand.
PREX, preks, _n._ in U.S. college slang the president of a college.--Also
PREX'Y.
PREY, pr[=a], _n._ that which is taken by robbery or force: booty: plunder:
that which is or may be seized to be devoured: a victim: depredation:
(_Shak._) the act of seizing.--_v.i._ to take plunder: to seize and devour:
to waste or impair gradually: to weigh heavily (_on_ or _upon_), as the
mind.--_adj._ PREY'FUL (_Shak._), having a disposition to prey on
others.--BEAST OF PREY, one who devours other animals. [O. Fr. _praie_ (Fr.
_proie_)--L. _præda_, booty.]
PRIAPUS, pr[=i]-[=a]'pus, _n._ an ancient deity personifying male
generative power.--_adjs._ PRIAP'IC, PRIAP[=E]'AN.--_n._ PR[=I]'APISM.
PRICE, pr[=i]s, _n._ that at which anything is prized, valued, or bought:
excellence: recompense.--_v.t._ to set value on: (_coll._) to ask the price
of: (_Spens._) to pay the price of.--_ns._ PRICE'-CURR'ENT, -LIST, a list
of the prices paid for any class of goods, &c.--_adjs._ PRICED, set at a
value; PRICE'LESS, beyond price: invaluable: without value:
worthless.--_n._ PRICE'LESSNESS.--PRICE OF MONEY, the rate of discount in
lending or borrowing capital.--WITHOUT PRICE, priceless. [O. Fr. _pris_
(Fr. _prix_)--L. _pretium_, price.]
PRICK, prik, _n._ that which pricks or penetrates: a sharp point: the act
or feeling of pricking: a puncture: a sting: remorse: (_Shak._) a thorn,
prickle, skewer, point of time: (_Spens._) point, pitch.--_v.t._ to pierce
with a prick: to erect any pointed thing: to fix by the point: to put on by
puncturing: to mark or make by pricking: to incite: to deck out as with
flowers or feathers: to pain.--_v.i._ to have a sensation of puncture: to
stand erect: to ride with spurs:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pricked.--_adj._
PRICK'-EARED, having pointed ears.--_ns._ PRICK'ER, that which pricks: a
sharp-pointed instrument: light-horseman: a priming wire; PRICK'ING;
PRICKLE (prik'l), a little prick: a sharp point growing from the bark of a
plant or from the skin of an animal.--_v.t._ to prick slightly.--_v.i._
(_Spens._) to be prickly.--_ns._ PRICK'LE-BACK, the stickle-back;
PRICK'LINESS; PRICK'LING, the act of piercing with a sharp point: (_Shak._)
the sensation of being pricked.--_adj._ prickly.--_adj._ PRICK'LY, full of
prickles.--_ns._ PRICK'LY-HEAT, a severe form of the skin disease known as
lichen, with itching and stinging sensations; PRICK'LY-PEAR, a class of
plants with clusters of prickles and fruit like the pear; PRICK'-ME-DAIN'TY
(_Scot._), an affected person.--_adj._ over-precise.--_ns._ PRICK'-SONG
(_Shak._), a song set to music: music in parts; PRICK'-SPUR, a goad-spur;
PRICK'-THE-GAR'TER (cf. _Fast-and-loose_); PRICK'-THE-LOUSE (_Scot._), a
tailor. [A.S. _pricu_, a point; Ger. _prickeln_, Dut. _prikkel_, a
prickle.]
PRICKET, prik'et, _n._ (_Shak._) a buck in his second year.
PRIDE, pr[=i]d, _n._ state or feeling of being proud: too great
self-esteem: haughtiness: overbearing treatment of others: a proper sense
of what is becoming to one's self: a feeling of pleasure on account of
something worthily done: that of which men are proud: that which excites
boasting: elevation, loftiness: beauty displayed, ornament, ostentation:
high spirit, mettle: (_Shak._) lust.--_v.t._ to have or take pride: to
value, as one's self, &c.--_adj._ PRIDE'FUL.--_adv._ PRIDE'FULLY.--_n._
PRIDE'FULNESS.--_adj._ PRIDE'LESS. [A.S. _prýte_--_prút_, proud.]
PRIDIAN, prid'i-an, _adj._ pertaining to yesterday. [L. _pridie_--_prius_,
before, _dies_, day.]
PRIE-DIEU, pr[=e]-di[=u]', _n._ a praying-desk. [Fr.]
PRIEF, pr[=e]f, _n._ (_Spens._) proof, trial, experiment.
PRIER, PRYER, pr[=i]'er, _n._ one who pries.
PRIEST, pr[=e]st, _n._ one who offers sacrifices or officiates in sacred
offices: a minister above a deacon and below a bishop: a clergyman:--_fem._
PRIEST'ESS.--_ns._ PRIEST'CRAFT, priestly policy: the schemes of priests to
gain wealth or power; PRIEST'HOOD, the office or character of a priest: the
priestly order.--_adjs._ PRIEST'-LIKE, PRIEST'LY, pertaining to or like a
priest.--_n._ PRIEST'LINESS.--_adj._ PRIEST'-RID'DEN, controlled by
priests.--HIGH PRIEST, a chief priest, esp. the chief ecclesiastical
officer in the ancient Jewish church. [A.S. _preóst_ (O. Fr. _prestre_, Fr.
_prêtre_)--L. _presbyter_, an elder.]
PRIEVE, pr[=e]v, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to prove.
PRIG, prig, _n._ a pert fellow who gives himself airs of superior
wisdom.--_adj._ PRIG'GISH, conceited and affected.--_adv._
PRIG'GISHLY.--_ns._ PRIG'GISHNESS, PRIG'GISM. [From _prick_, to adorn.]
PRIG, prig, _n._ a thief.--_v.t._ (_slang_) to filch.--_v.i._ (_Scot._) to
plead hard, haggle: to cheapen.--_ns._ PRIG'GER; PRIG'GERY.--_adj._
PRIG'GISH.--_n._ PRIG'GISM. [Prob. the same as _prick_, to spur.]
PRILL, pril, _n._ (_prov._) a very rich piece of ore.
PRILL, pril, _v.i._ (_prov._) to grow sour: to become tipsy.
PRIM, prim, _adj._ exact and precise in manner: affectedly nice.--_v.t._ to
deck with great nicety: to form with affected preciseness:--_pr.p._
prim'ming; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ primmed.--_adv._ PRIM'LY.--_n._ PRIM'NESS.
[O. Fr. _prim_, fem. _prime_--L. _primus_, _prima_, first.]
PRIMACY, pr[=i]'ma-si, _n._ state of being first in order of time, rank,
&c.: the office or dignity of a primate or archbishop.
PRIMA-DONNA, pr[=e]'ma-don'a, _n._ the first or leading female singer in an
opera. [It.,--L. _prima domina_.]
PRIMA FACIE, pr[=i]'ma f[=a]'shi-[=e], at first view or sight.--PRIMA FACIE
CASE (_law_), a case established by sufficient evidence: a case consisting
of evidence sufficient to go to a jury. [L. _prima_, abl. fem. of _primus_,
first, _facie_, abl. of _facies_, a face.]
PRIMAGE, pr[=i]m'[=a]j, _n._ an allowance to the captain of a vessel by the
shipper or consignee of goods for care in lading the same (_hat-money_):
amount or percentage of water carried from a boiler in priming. [_Prime_,
first.]
PRIMARY, pr[=i]'mar-i, _adj._ first: original: chief: primitive:
elementary, preparatory.--_n._ that which is highest in rank or importance:
a planet in relation to its satellite or satellites.--_adv._
PR[=I]'MARILY.--_ns._ PR[=I]'MARINESS, the state of being first in time,
act, or intention; PR[=I]'MARY-AC'CENT, the accent immediately after a bar
in music.--_ns.pl._ PR[=I]'MARY-COL'OURS, the colours obtained by passing
the sun's rays through a prism: the colours of the rainbow--red, orange,
yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet; PR[=I]'MARY-PLAN'ETS, planets
revolving round the sun--not satellites; PR[=I]'MARY-QUILLS, the largest
feathers of a bird's wing; PR[=I]'MARY-ROCKS, the rocks which seem to have
been first formed and contain no animal remains, as granites, &c.
PRIMATE, pr[=i]'m[=a]t, _n._ the first or highest dignitary in a church: an
archbishop.--_n._ PR[=I]'M[=A]TESHIP.--_adj._ PRIM[=A]'TIAL.
PRIME, pr[=i]m, _adj._ first in order of time, rank, or importance: chief:
excellent: original: early: in early manhood: (_Shak._) eager, bold:
(_math._) incapable of being separated into factors.--_n._ the beginning:
the dawn: the spring: the best part: the height of perfection: full health
and strength: a religious service during the first hour after sunrise:
(_fencing_) the first guard against sword-thrusts, also the first and
simplest thrust.--_adj._ PR[=I]'MAL, first: original: chief.--_n._
PRIMAL'ITY.--_adv._ PRIME'LY.--_ns._ PRIME'-MIN'ISTER, the chief minister
of state; PRIME'-MOV'ER, the force which puts a machine in motion: a
steam-engine or a water-wheel; PRIME'NESS; PRIME'-NUM'BER, a first
number--i.e. one divisible only by itself or unity.--PRIME COST (see COST).
[L. _pr[=i]mus_ (for _pro-i-mus_).]
PRIME, pr[=i]m, _v.t._ to put powder on the nipple of a firearm: to lay on
the first coating of colour: to instruct or prepare beforehand.--_v.i._ to
serve for the charge of a gun: in the steam-engine, to carry over hot water
with the steam from the boiler into the cylinder.--_ns._ PR[=I]'MER;
PR[=I]'MING; PR[=I]'MING-POW'DER, detonating powder: train of powder
connecting a fuse with a charge. [_Prime_ (adj.).]
PRIMER, prim'[.e]r, or pr[=i]'mer, _n._ a first book: a work of elementary
religious instruction: a first reading-book: an elementary introduction to
any subject: a kind of type of two species, _long_-primer (10 point) and
_great_-primer (18 point). [Orig. a small prayer-book.]
PRIMERO, pri-m[=a]'r[=o], _n._ an old game at cards. [Sp.]
PRIMEVAL, pr[=i]-m[=e]'val, _adj._ belonging to the first ages: original:
primitive.--_adv._ PRIM[=E]'VALLY. [L. _primævus_--_primus_, first, _ævum_,
an age.]
PRIMIGENIAL, pr[=i]-mi-j[=e]'ni-al, _adj._ first-born or made: primary:
constituent--also PRIMOG[=E]'NIAL.--_adjs._ PRIMIG'ENOUS, PRIMIG[=E]'NIOUS,
first formed; PRIMOGEN'ITAL (_obs._), PRIMOGEN'ITARY, PRIMOGEN'ITIVE, of or
belonging to primogeniture.--_ns._ PRIMOGEN'ITOR, the first begetter or
father: a forefather; PRIMOGEN'ITURE, state of being born first of the same
parents: (_law_) the right of the eldest son to inherit his father's
estates; PRIMOGEN'ITURESHIP. [Fr.,--L. _primo-genitus_,
first-born--_primus_, first, _gign[)e]re_, _genitum_, to beget.]
PRIMITIÆ, pri-mish'i-[=e], _n.pl._ first-fruits offered to the gods--also
PRIMI'TIAS (_Spens._): the first year's revenue of a benefice.
[L.,--_primus_, first.]
PRIMITIVE, prim'i-tiv, _adj._ belonging to the beginning, or to the first
times: original: ancient: antiquated, old-fashioned: not derived: (_biol._)
rudimentary, primary or first of its kind: (_geol._) of the earliest
formation.--_n._ a primitive word, or one not derived from another:
(_math._) a form from which another is derived.--_ns.pl._
PRIM'ITIVE-COL'OURS, the colours from which all others are supposed to be
derived--viz. red, yellow, and blue; PRIM'ITIVE-FA'THERS, the Christian
writers before the Council of Nice, 325 A.D.--_adv._ PRIM'ITIVELY.--_n.pl._
PRIM'ITIVE-METH'ODISTS, a religious body founded in 1810, whose beliefs are
the same as those of other Methodists, but whose working arrangements are
nearly Presbyterian.--_n._ PRIM'ITIVENESS.--_n.pl._ PRIM'ITIVE-ROCKS (see
PRIMARY-ROCKS). [Fr.,--L. _primitivus_, an extension of _primus_.]
PRIMO, pr[=e]'m[=o], _n._ (_mus._) the first or principal part.
PRIMORDIAL, pr[=i]-mor'di-al, _adj._ first in order: original: existing
from the beginning: (_anat._) in a rudimentary state: (_bot._) first
formed, as leaves or fruit.--_n._ first principle or element.--_ns._
PRIMOR'DIALISM; PRIMOR'DIUM. [L. _primus_, first, _ordo_, order.]
PRIMP, primp, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to dress in an affected manner.--_v.i._ to
be affected. [_Prink._]
PRIMROSE, prim'r[=o]z, _n._ an early spring flower common in woods and
meadows: a plant of the genus _Primula_: (_Spens._) the first or earliest
flower, the first or choicest.--_adj._ resembling a primrose in colour:
flowery, gay.--PRIMROSE LEAGUE, a political association for the spread of
Conservative opinions--formed in 1883 in memory of Lord Beaconsfield, whose
favourite flower is said to have been the _primrose_. [Fr. _prime rose_--as
if L. _prima rosa_; really through O. Fr. _primerole_ and Low L. dim. forms
from L. _primus_.]
PRIMSIE, prim'si, _adj._ (_Scot._) prim, demure.
PRIMULA, prim'[=u]-la, _n._ the genus of plants to which the primrose
belongs. [L. _primus_, first.]
PRIMUM MOBILE, pr[=i]'mum mob'i-l[=e], in the Ptolemaic system the
outermost of the ten revolving spheres of the universe, supposed to carry
the others with it: any great source of motion. [L.]
PRIMUS, pr[=i]'mus, _n._ the bishop in the Scottish Episcopal Church who
presides over the meetings of the other bishops, but without metropolitan
authority.
PRIMY, pr[=i]'mi, _adj._ (_Shak._) blooming.
PRINCE, prins, _n._ one of the highest rank: a sovereign: son of a king or
emperor: a title of nobility, as in Germany: the chief of any body of
men:--_fem._ PRIN'CESS.--_v.i._ to play the prince (usually with
_it_).--_ns._ PRINCE'-BISH'OP, a bishop who was also the civil ruler or
prince of his diocese; PRINCE'-CON'SORT, the husband of a reigning queen;
PRINCE'DOM, the estate, jurisdiction, sovereignty, or rank of a prince;
PRINCE'HOOD, rank or quality of a prince; PRINCE'-IMP[=E]'RIAL, the eldest
son of an emperor; PRINCE'KIN, PRINCE'LET, PRINCE'LING, a little or
inferior prince.--_adj._ PRINCE'-LIKE, becoming a prince.--_n._
PRINCE'LINESS.--_adj._ PRINCE'LY, prince-like: becoming a prince: grand:
august: regal.--_adv._ in a prince-like manner.--_adv._ PRIN'CESSLY, like a
princess.--_n._ PRIN'CESS-ROY'AL, the eldest daughter of a
sovereign.--_adj._ PRIN'CIFIED, ridiculously dignified.--_n._
MER'CHANT-PRINCE, a merchant who has gained great wealth.--PRINCE OF
DARKNESS, PRINCE OF THIS WORLD, Satan; PRINCE OF PEACE, Christ: the
Messiah; PRINCE OF WALES, the eldest son of the British sovereign; PRINCE
RUPERT'S DROPS (see DROP); PRINCE'S FEATHER, a tall showy annual with
spikes of rose-coloured flowers; PRINCE'S METAL, a gold-like alloy of 70
parts of copper and 25 of zinc. [Fr.,--L. _princeps_--_primus_, first,
_cap[)e]re_, to take.]
PRINCEPS, prin'seps, _n._ one who, or that which, is foremost, original,
&c.: short for _editio princeps_, the first edition of a book. [L.]
PRINCESSE, prin-ses', _adj._ of a woman's garment, close-fitting, the skirt
and waist in one, and undraped. [Fr.]
PRINCIPAL, prin'si-pal, _adj._ taking the first place: highest in rank,
character, or importance: chief.--_n._ a principal person or thing: a head,
as of a school or college: one who takes a leading part: money on which
interest is paid: (_archit._) a main beam or timber: (_law_) the person who
commits a crime, or one who aids and abets him in doing it: a person for
whom another becomes surety, a person who, being _sui juris_, employs
another to do an act which he is competent himself to do: (_mus._) an
organ-stop: (_Shak._) the principal rafter.--_n._ PRINCIPAL'ITY, supreme
power: the territory of a prince or the country which gives title to him:
(_B._) a prince: (_obs._) a power: (_pl._) an order of angels, the seventh
in the hierarchy of Dionysius.--_adv._ PRIN'CIPALLY.--_ns._ PRIN'CIPALNESS,
the state of being principal or chief; PRIN'CIPALSHIP, position of a
principal; PRIN'CIPATE, primary: a principality, esp. the office of the
ancient Roman emperors. [L. _principalis_.]
PRINCIPIA, prin-sip'i-a, _n.pl._ first principles: elements, used often as
the contracted title of the 'Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica'
of Newton.--_adj._ PRINCIP'IAL, elementary. [L., pl. of _principium_.]
PRINCIPLE, prin'si-pl, _n._ a fundamental truth on which others are founded
or from which they spring: a law or doctrine from which others are derived:
an original faculty of the mind: a settled rule of action: (_chem._) a
constituent part: (_obs._) a beginning.--_v.t._ to establish in principles:
to impress with a doctrine.--_adj._ PRIN'CIPLED, holding certain
principles.--PRINCIPLE OF CONTRADICTION, the logical principle that a thing
cannot both be and not be; PRINCIPLE OF EXCLUDED MIDDLE (_logic_), the
principle that a thing must be either one thing or its contradictory;
PRINCIPLE OF SUFFICIENT REASON (see REASON).--FIRST PRINCIPLE, a very
general principle not deducible from others. [L. _principium_,
beginning--_princeps_.]
PRINCOCK, prin'kok, _n._ (_Shak._) a conceited fellow: a coxcomb.--Also
PRIN'COX.
PRINK, pringk, _v.t._ to adorn ostentatiously.--_n._ PRINK'ER. [Weakened
from _prank_.]
PRINT, print, _v.t._ to press or impress: to mark by pressure: to impress
letters on paper, &c.: to publish: (_phot._) to produce a positive picture
from a negative.--_v.i._ to practise the art of printing: to publish a
book.--_n._ a mark or character made by impression: the impression of types
in general: a copy: a printed picture: an engraving: a newspaper: a printed
cloth: calico stamped with figures: that which impresses its form on
anything: a cut, in wood or metal: (_archit._) a plaster-cast in low
relief.--_ns._ PRINT'ER, one who prints, esp. books, newspapers, &c.;
PRINT'ING, act, art, or practice of printing; PRINT'ING-INK, ink used in
printing; PRINT'ING-MACHINE', a printing-press worked by machinery;
PRINT'ING-OFF'ICE, an establishment where books, &c., are printed;
PRINT'ING-P[=A]'PER, a paper suitable for printing purposes;
PRINT'ING-PRESS, a machine by which impressions are taken in ink upon paper
from types.--_adj._ PRINT'LESS, receiving or leaving no impression.--_ns._
PRINT'-SELL'ER, one who sells prints or engravings; PRINT'-SHOP, a shop
where prints are sold; PRINT'-WORKS, an establishment where cloth is
printed.--PRINTER'S DEVIL (see DEVIL); PRINTER'S INK (same as
PRINTING-INK); PRINTER'S MARK, an engraved device used by printers as a
trade-mark.--IN PRINT, published in printed form: in stock, as opposed to
books which cannot now be got--_Out of print_. [Shortened from O. Fr.
_empreindre_, _empreint_--L. _imprim[)e]re_--_in_, into, _prem[)e]re_, to
press.]
PRIOR, pr[=i]'or, _adj._ former: previous: coming before in time.--_n._ the
head of a priory: (in Italy) formerly a chief magistrate:--_fem._
PR[=I]'ORESS.--_ns._ PR[=I]'OR[=A]TE, PR[=I]'ORSHIP, the government or
office of a prior: the time during which a prior is in office; PRIOR'ITY,
state of being prior or first in time, place, or rank: preference;
PR[=I]'ORY, a convent of either sex, under a prior or prioress, and next in
rank below an abbey. [L. _prior_, former, comp. from _pro-_, in front.]
PRISAGE, pr[=i]'z[=a]j, _n._ formerly a right of the English kings to seize
for crown purposes, esp. that of taking two tuns of wine from every ship
importing twenty tuns or more. [O. Fr.,--_prise_, taking.]
PRISE, pr[=i]z, _n._ (_Spens._) an enterprise or adventure.
PRISER, pr[=i]z'[.e]r, _n._ (_Shak._). Same as PRIZER.
PRISM, prizm, _n._ (_geom._) a solid whose ends are similar, equal, and
parallel planes, and whose sides are parallelograms: (_opt._) a solid
glass, triangular-shaped body, used for resolving rays of light into their
separate colours.--_adjs._ PRISMAT'IC, -AL, resembling or pertaining to a
prism: separated or formed by a prism.--_adv._ PRISMAT'ICALLY.--_ns._
PRIS'MATOID, PRIS'MOID, a figure in the form of a prism.--_adjs_.
PRIS'MATOIDAL, PRIS'MOIDAL; PRIS'MY, prismatic in colour. [L.,--Gr.
_prisma_, _-atos_.]
PRISON, priz'n, _n._ a building for the confinement of criminals, &c.: a
jail: any place of confinement.--_v.t._ to shut in prison,
restrain.--_n.pl._ PRIS'ON-BARS, whatever confines or restrains.--_ns._
PRIS'ONER, one arrested or confined in prison: a captive; PRIS'ONER'S-,
PRIS'ON-BASE, a game among boys, in which those who are caught in a certain
way are confined as prisoners--a corr. of _prison-bars_; PRIS'ON-F[=E]'VER,
typhus-fever; PRIS'ON-HOUSE, place of confinement; PRIS'ONMENT (_Shak._),
confinement in a prison--usually _imprisonment_; PRIS'ON-SHIP; PRIS'ON-VAN,
a closed conveyance for carrying prisoners.--STATE PRISONER, one confined
for a political offence in a state prison. [Fr.,--L. _prensio_, _-oni_s,
for _prehensio_, a seizing--_prehend[)e]re_, _-hensum_, to seize.]
PRISTINE, pris'tin, _adj._ as at first: former: belonging to the earliest
time: ancient. [O. Fr.,--L. _pristinus_; cf. _priscus_, antique, _prior_,
former.]
PRITHEE, pri_th_'[=e], a corruption of _I pray thee_.
PRITTLE-PRATTLE, prit'l-prat'l, _n._ empty talk.
PRIVACY, pr[=i]'va-si, or priv'-, _n._ state of being private or retired
from company or observation: a place of seclusion: retreat: retirement:
secrecy.
PRIVAT DOCENT, pr[=e]-vat' d[=o]-tsent', _n._ a teacher in connection with
a German university, without share in its government or endowment, only
receiving fees. [Ger.,--L. _privatus_, private, _docens_, _-entis_,
teaching, _doc[=e]re_, to teach.]
PRIVATE, pr[=i]'v[=a]t, _adj._ apart from the state: not invested with
public office: peculiar to one's self: belonging to an individual person or
company: not public: retired from observation: secret: not publicly known:
not holding a commission.--_n._ a common soldier: (_Shak._) a person
without public office, a secret message, privacy, retirement.--_adv._
PR[=I]'VATELY.--_n._ PR[=I]'VATENESS.--PRIVATE ACT, &c., an act, &c., which
deals with the concerns of private persons--opp. to _General act_, &c.;
PRIVATE JUDGMENT, the judgment of an individual, esp. on the meaning of a
passage or doctrine of Scripture, as distinguished from the interpretation
of the church; PRIVATE LAW, that part of law which deals with the rights
and duties of persons quâ individuals; PRIVATE LEGISLATION, legislation
affecting the interests of private persons; PRIVATE PARTS, the sexual
organs; PRIVATE PROPERTY, RIGHTS, the property, rights of individual
persons, as distinguished from that which belongs to a public body and is
devoted to public use; PRIVATE TRUST, a trust managed in the interest of
private parties; PRIVATE WRONG, an injury done to an individual in his
private capacity.--IN PRIVATE, privately, in secret; _The private_
(_obs._), the private life of individuals. [L. _privatus_, pa.p. of
_priv[=a]re_, to separate--_privus_, single.]
PRIVATEER, pr[=i]-va-t[=e]r', _n._ an armed private vessel commissioned by
a government to seize and plunder an enemy's ships: the commander of a
privateer.--_v.i._ to cruise in a privateer: to fit out privateers.--_ns._
PRIVATEER'ING; PRIVATEER'SMAN.
PRIVATION, pr[=i]-v[=a]'shun, _n._ state of being deprived of something,
esp. of what is necessary for comfort: destitution: (_logic_) absence of
any quality: (_obs._) degradation or suspension from an office.--_adj._
PRIV'ATIVE, causing privation: consisting in the absence of
something.--_n._ that which is privative or depends on the absence of
something else: (_logic_) a term denoting the absence of a quality:
(_gram._) a prefix denoting absence or negation.--_adv._
PRIV'ATIVELY.--_n._ PRIV'ATIVENESS. [L.; cf. _Private_.]
PRIVET, priv'et, _n._ a half-evergreen European shrub used for hedges.
[Perh. _primet_--_prim_.]
PRIVILEGE, priv'i-lej, _n._ an advantage to an individual: a right enjoyed
only by a few: freedom from burdens borne by others: prerogative: a sacred
and vital civil right: (_Shak._) superiority.--_v.t._ to grant a privilege
to: to exempt: to authorise, license.--_adj._ PRIV'ILEGED.--BREACH OF
PRIVILEGE, any interference with or slight done to the rights or privileges
of a legislative body; QUESTION OF PRIVILEGE, any question arising out of
the rights of an assembly or of its members; WRIT OF PRIVILEGE, an order
for the release of a person from custody. [Fr.,--L.
_privilegium_--_privus_, single, _lex_, _legis_, a law.]
PRIVY, priv'i, _adj._ private: pertaining to one person: for private uses:
secret: appropriated to retirement: admitted to the knowledge of something
secret.--_n._ (_law_) a person having an interest in an action: a necessary
house.--_adv._ PRIV'ILY, privately: secretly.--_ns._ PRIV'ITY, secrecy:
something kept private: knowledge, shared with another, of something
private or confidential: knowledge implying concurrence: relation between
different interests, as, for example, in feudal tenure the interests of
several persons in the same land, the mutual relationships of contractor
and contractee, the relation caused by common knowledge in breaches of
contract: (_obs._) seclusion, intimacy; PRIV'Y-CHAM'BER, private apartment
in a royal residence; PRIV'Y-COUN'CIL, the private council of a sovereign
to advise in the administration of government; PRIV'Y-COUN'CILLOR, a member
of the privy-council; PRIV'Y-PURSE, the purse or money for the private or
personal use of the sovereign; PRIV'Y-SEAL, -SIG'NET, the seal used by or
for the king in subordinate matters, or those which are not to pass the
great seal; PRIV'Y-VER'DICT, a verdict given to a judge out of
court.--GENTLEMEN USHERS OF THE PRIVY-CHAMBER, four officials in the royal
household who attend certain court ceremonies. [Fr. _privé_--L. _privatus_,
private.]
PRIZE, PRISE, pr[=i]z, _v.t._ to force open by means of a lever. [Fr.; cf.
_Prize_, below.]
PRIZE, pr[=i]z, _n._ that which is taken or gained by competition: anything
taken from an enemy in war: (_hunting_) the note of the trumpet blown at
the capture of the game: a captured vessel: that which is won in a lottery:
anything offered for competition: a gain: a reward: (_Shak._) a
competition.--_adj._ worthy of a prize: to which a prize is given.--_adjs._
PRIZ'ABLE, -EABLE, valuable.--_ns._ PRIZE'-COURT, a court for judging
regarding prizes made on the high seas; PRIZE'-FIGHT, a combat in which
those engaged fight for a prize or wager; PRIZE'-FIGHT'ER, a boxer who
fights publicly for a prize; PRIZE'-FIGHT'ING; PRIZE'-LIST, recorded of the
winners in a competition; PRIZE'MAN; PRIZE'-MON'EY, share of the money or
proceeds from any prizes taken from an enemy; PRIZ'ER (_Shak._), one who
competes for a prize; PRIZE'-RING, a ring for prize-fighting: the practice
itself. [Fr. _prise_--_pris_, taken, pa.p. _prendre_--L. _prehend[)e]re_,
to seize.]
PRIZE, pr[=i]z, _v.t._ to set a price on: to value: to value highly.--_n._
valuation, estimate.--_n._ PRIZ'ER (_Shak._), an appraiser. [Fr.
_priser_--O. Fr. _pris_, price (Fr. _prix_)--L. _pretium_, price.]
PRO, pr[=o], Latin prep. meaning before, used in English in many
phrases.--PRO AND CON, abbrev. of _pro et contra_, for and against.--_v.i._
to consider impartially.--_n.pl._ PROS AND CONS, arguments for and against
an opinion.--PRO BONO PUBLICO, for the public good.
PROA, pr[=o]'a, _n._ a small and swift Malay sailing-vessel, with both ends
equally sharp. [Malay _prau_.]
PROBABLE, prob'a-bl, _adj._ that can be proved: having more evidence for
than against: giving ground for belief: likely: (_Shak._) plausible.--_n._
probable opinion.--_ns._ PROBABIL'IORIST; PROB'ABILISM (_R.C. theol._), the
doctrine in casuistry that of two probable opinions, both reasonable, one
may follow his own inclination, as a doubtful law cannot impose a certain
obligation--opp. to PROBABIL'IORISM, according to which it is lawful to
follow one's inclination only when there is a more probable opinion in its
favour; PROB'ABILIST; PROBABIL'ITY, quality of being probable: appearance
of truth: that which is probable: chance or likelihood of something
happening:--_pl._ PROBABIL'ITIES.--_adv._ PROB'ABLY.--_adj._ PR[=O]'BAL
(_Shak._), probable.--PROBABLE CAUSE, a reasonable ground that an
accusation is true; PROBABLE ERROR, a quantity assumed as the value of an
error, such that the chances of the real error being greater are equal to
those of it being less than this quantity; PROBABLE EVIDENCE, evidence not
conclusive, but admitting of some degree of force. [Fr.,--L.
_probabilis_--_prob[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to prove.]
PROBANG, pr[=o]'bang, _n._ an instrument for pushing obstructions down the
oesophagus of a choking animal.
PROBATE, pr[=o]'b[=a]t, _n._ the proof before a competent court that a
written paper purporting to be the will of a person who has died is indeed
his lawful act: the official copy of a will, with the certificate of its
having been proved: the right or jurisdiction of proving wills.--_adj._
relating to the establishment of wills and testaments.--PROBATE COURT, a
court created in 1858 to exercise jurisdiction in matters touching the
succession to personal estate; PROBATE DUTY, a tax on property passing by
will. [Cf. _Probable._]
PROBATION, pr[=o]-b[=a]'shun, _n._ act of proving: any proceeding to elicit
truth, &c.: trial: time of trial: moral trial: noviciate.--_adjs._
PROB[=A]'TIONAL, PROB[=A]'TIONARY, relating to probation or trial.--_n._
PROB[=A]'TIONER, one who is on probation or trial: (_Scot._) one licensed
to preach, but not ordained to a pastorate.--_adjs._ PR[=O]'BATIVE,
PR[=O]'BATORY, serving for proof or trial: relating to proof.--_n._
PROB[=A]'TOR, an examiner.--THE DOCTRINE OF FUTURE PROBATION, the doctrine
that the gospel will be preached in another life to the unregenerate dead
or to those who never heard it in life. [Fr.,--L.]
PROBATUM EST, pr[=o]-b[=a]'tum est, it has been proved. [L., 3d sing. perf.
indic. pass. of _prob[=a]re_, to prove.]
PROBE, pr[=o]b, _n._ a proof or trial: a long, thin instrument for
examining a wound, &c.: that which tries or probes.--_v.t._ to examine with
or as with a probe: to examine thoroughly.--_n.pl._ PROBE'-SCISS'ORS,
scissors used to open wounds, the blade having a button at the end. [L.
_prob[=a]re_, to prove.]
PROBITY, prob'i-ti, _n._ uprightness: honesty: virtue that has been tested.
[Fr.,--L. _probitas_, _probus_, good.]
PROBLEM, prob'lem, _n._ a matter difficult of settlement or solution:
(_geom._) a proposition in which something is required to be done.--_adjs._
PROBLEMAT'IC, -AL, of the nature of a problem: questionable:
doubtful.--_adv._ PROBLEMAT'ICALLY.--_v.i._ PROB'LEMATISE. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr.
_probl[=e]ma_--_pro_, before, _ballein_, to throw.]
PROBOSCIS, pr[=o]-bos'is, _n._ the trunk of some animals, as the elephant,
for conveying food to the mouth: anything like a trunk:--_pl._
PROBOS'CIDES.--_adjs._ PROBOS'CID[=A]TE; PROBOSCID'EAN, having a
proboscis.--_n._ a mammal of the _Proboscidea_.--_n._ PROBOS'CIS-MONK'EY, a
monkey of Borneo, having a long mobile and retractile nose. [L.,--Gr.
_proboskis_, a trunk--_pro_, in front, _boskein_, to feed.]
PROCACITY, pr[=o]-kas'i-ti, _n._ petulance.--_adj._ PROC[=A]'CIOUS.
PROCATHEDRAL, pr[=o]-ka-th[=e]'dral, _n._ a church used temporarily as a
cathedral.
PROCEED, pr[=o]-s[=e]d', _v.i._ to go forward: to advance: to act according
to a method: to go from point to point: to issue: to be produced: to
prosecute: to take an academic degree: (_Shak._) to be transacted,
done.--_ns._ PROC[=E]'DURE, the act of proceeding or moving forward: a step
taken or an act performed: progress: process: conduct; PROCEED'ER, one who
goes forward or makes progress; PROCEED'ING, a going forward: progress:
step: operation: transaction: (_pl._) a record of the transactions of a
society: (_Shak._) advancement.--_n.pl._ PRO'CEEDS, the money arising from
anything: rent: produce.--SPECIAL PROCEEDING, a judicial proceeding other
than an action, as, for example, a writ of mandamus; SUMMARY PROCEEDINGS,
certain statutory remedies taken without the formal bringing of an action
by process and pleading. [Fr. _procéder_--L. _proced[)e]re_--_pro_, before,
_ced[)e]re_, _cessum_, to go.]
PROCELEUSMATIC, pros-e-l[=u]s-mat'ik, _adj._ inciting, encouraging.--_n._
in ancient prosody, a foot consisting of four short syllables.
[Gr.,--_prokeleuein_, to incite before--_pro_, before, _keleuein_, to
order.]
PROCELLARIA, pros-e-l[=a]'ri-a, _n._ a Linnæan genus of petrels.
PROCEPHALIC, pr[=o]-se-fal'ik, or pr[=o]-sef'a-lik, _adj._ of or pertaining
to the forepart of the head.--PROCEPHALIC LOBES, two lobes in the embryo of
the Podophthalmia which develop into the anterior parts of the head. [Gr.
_pro_, before, _kephal[=e]_, head.]
PROCEREBRUM, pr[=o]-ser'[=e]-brum, _n._ the fore-brain, consisting of the
cerebral hemispheres, corpora striata, and olfactory lobes.--_adj._
PROCER'EBRAL. [L. _pro_, before, _cerebrum_, brain.]
PROCERITE, pros'e-r[=i]t, _n._ the last segment of the antennæ in the
Crustacea. [Gr. _pro_, before, _keras_, a horn.]
PROCERITY, pr[=o]-ser'i-ti, _n._ tallness, loftiness.--_adj._
PROC[=E]'ROUS, tall. [L.,--_proc[=e]rus_, tall.]
PROCÈS, pr[=o]-s[=a]', _n._ a law-suit: a trial.--PROCÈS VERBAL, a written
account of facts in connection with a trial or other proceeding. [Fr.]
PROCESS, pros'es, or pr[=o]-, _n._ a gradual progress: manner of acting or
happening: operation: the whole proceedings in an action or prosecution:
series of measures: a projection on a bone or plant (also PROCES'SUS): the
same as photo-process, the reproduction as a drawing, &c., by any
mechanical (esp. photographic) process: (_Shak._) a narrative,
account.--_v.t._ to proceed against by legal process: to produce a
reproduction of a drawing as above.--_n._ PROC'ESS-SERV'ER (_Shak._), a
bailiff. [Fr. _procès_--L. _processus._]
PROCESSION, pr[=o]-sesh'un, _n._ the act of proceeding: a train of persons
in a formal march.--_adj._ PROCES'SIONAL, pertaining to a procession:
consisting in a procession.--_n._ a book of the processions of the Romish
Church: a hymn sung during a procession, esp. of clergy in a church.--_n._
PROCES'SIONALIST.--_adj._ PROCES'SIONARY.--_ns._ PROCES'SIONER (_U.S._), a
county officer in Tennessee and North Carolina whose duty it is to survey
lands; PROCES'SIONING (_U.S._), periodical survey and inspection of
boundaries.--PROCESSION OF THE HOLY GHOST (_theol._), the emanation of the
Holy Spirit from the Father (_single procession_), or from the Father and
Son (_double procession_). [Fr.,--L.]
PROCHEIN, pr[=o]'shen, _adj._ next, nearest.--PROCHEIN AMI, AMY, next
friend, one who undertakes to assist a minor in prosecuting his or her
rights. [Fr.,--L. _proximus_, nearest.]
PROCHRONISM, pr[=o]'kron-izm, _n._ a dating of an event before the right
time: a making earlier than it really was--opp. to _Parachronism_. [Gr.
_pro_, before, _chronos_, time.]
PROCIDENCE, pros'i-dens, _n._ a falling down, a prolapsus.--_adjs._
PROC'IDENT; PROCID'UOUS, falling from its proper place.
PROCINCT, pr[=o]-singkt', _n._ (_Milt._) complete preparation. [L., _pro_,
before, _cing[)e]re_, _cinctum_, to gird.]
PROCLAIM, pr[=o]-kl[=a]m', _v.t._ to cry aloud: to publish abroad: to
announce officially.--_ns._ PROCLAIM'; PROCLAIM'ANT; PROCLAIM'ER;
PROCLAM[=A]'TION, the act of proclaiming: official notice given to the
public.--PROCLAIMED DISTRICT, a district in which some unusually strict law
is brought into force by a form of proclamation. [Fr. _proclamer_--L.
_proclam[=a]re_--_pro_, out, _clam[=a]re_, to cry.]
PROCLITIC, pr[=o]-klit'ik, _adj._ dependent in accent upon the following
word.--_n._ a monosyllabic word which depends so much on the following word
as to lose its accent. [Gr. _pro_, forward, _klinein_, lean.]
PROCLIVITY, pr[=o]-kliv'i-ti, _n._ an inclining forward: tendency:
inclination: aptitude.--_adjs._ PROCLIVE', inclining to a thing: having a
natural tendency: prone; PROCL[=I]'VOUS, slanting forward and downward. [L.
_proclivitas_--_proclivus_, having a slope forward--_pro_, forward,
_clivus_, a slope.]
PROCOELIAN, pr[=o]-s[=e]'li-an, _adj._ hollowed or cupped in front.--Also
PROCOE'LOUS. [Gr. _pro_, before, _koilos_, hollow.]
PROCONSUL, pr[=o]-kon'sul, _n._ a Roman official having the authority of a
consul without his office: the governor of a province.--_adj._
PROCON'SULAR, pertaining to, or under the government of, a
proconsul.--_ns._ PROCON'SULATE, PROCON'SULSHIP, the office, or term of
office, of a proconsul.
PROCRASTINATE, pr[=o]-kras'ti-n[=a]t, _v.t._ to put off till some future
time: to postpone.--_v.i._ to delay.--_n._ PROCRASTIN[=A]'TION, a putting
off till a future time: dilatoriness.--_adjs._ PROCRAS'TIN[=A]TIVE,
PROCRAS'TIN[=A]TORY.--_n._ PROCRAS'TIN[=A]TOR. [L.--_pro_, off,
_crastinus_--_cras_, to-morrow.]
PROCREATE, pr[=o]'kr[=e]-[=a]t, _v.t._ to bring into being: to generate: to
propagate: to produce.--_n._ PR[=O]'CREANT, one who, or that which,
procreates or generates.--_adj._ procreating, connected with or related to
reproduction.--_n._ PROCRE[=A]'TION, the act of procreating: generation:
production.--_adj._ PR[=O]'CRE[=A]TIVE, having the power to procreate:
generative: productive.--_ns._ PR[=O]'CRE[=A]TIVENESS; PR[=O]'CRE[=A]TOR,
one who procreates: a father. [L. _procre[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_pro_, forth,
_cre[=a]re_, to produce.]
PROCRUSTEAN, pr[=o]-krus't[=e]-an, _adj._ violently making conformable to a
standard--from _Procrustes_, a Greek robber, who stretched or cut a piece
off the legs of his captives, so as to fit them to an iron bed.
PROCTALGIA, prok-tal'ji-a, _n._ pain of the anus or rectum.--_n._
PROCT[=I]'TIS, inflammation thereof. [Gr. _proktos_, the anus, _algos_,
pain.]
PROCTOR, prok'tor, _n._ a procurator or manager for another: an attorney in
the spiritual courts: a representative of the clergy in Convocation: an
official in the English universities who attends to the morals of the
students and enforces university regulations.--_ns._ PROC'TORAGE,
PROC'TORSHIP.--_adj._ PROCT[=O]'RIAL, pertaining to a proctor:
magisterial.--_v.t._ PROC'TORISE (_slang_), in the English universities, to
summon before a proctor. [_Procurator_.]
PROCTUCHA, prok-t[=u]'ka, _n.pl._ a group of the Turbellaria in which the
digestive canal is furnished with an anal aperture.--_adj._
PROCT[=U]'CHOUS. [Gr. _pr[=o]ktos_, the anus, _echein_, to have.]
PROCUMBENT, pr[=o]-kum'bent, _adj_. leaning forward: lying down or on the
face: (_bot_.) trailing: without putting out roots, as a stem. [L. _pro_,
forward, _cumb[)e]re_, to lie down.]
PROCURE, pr[=o]-k[=u]r', _v.t._ to obtain for one's self or for another: to
bring about: to attract: (_Spens._) to urge earnestly.--_v.i._ to pander,
pimp.--_adj._ PROCUR'ABLE, that may be procured.--_ns._ PRO'CUR[=A]CY,
office of a procurator; PROCUR[=A]'TION, the act of managing another's
affairs: the instrument giving power to do this: a sum paid by incumbents
to the bishop or archdeacon on visitations; PROC'UR[=A]TOR, one who takes
care of a thing for another: a lawyer: a financial agent in an imperial
province under the Roman emperors; PROC'URATOR-FIS'CAL (see
FISCAL).--_adj._ PROCURAT[=O]'RIAL.--_n._ PROC'URATORSHIP.--_adj_.
PROC'UR[=A]TORY.--_ns._ PROCURE'MENT, the act of procuring: a bringing
about: management: agency; PROCUR'ER, one who procures: a pander:--_fem._
PROC'URESS. [Fr. _procurer_--L. _procur[=a]re_, to manage--_pro_, for,
_cur[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to care for.]
PROCUREUR, pr[=o]-kü-rer', _n._ a procurator.--PROCUREUR GÉNÉRAL (_French
law_), the public prosecutor-in-chief.
PROCYONIDÆ, pr[=o]-si-on'i-d[=e], _n.pl._ an American family of plantigrade
carnivorous mammals, including raccoons and coatis. [Gr. _pro_, before,
_ky[=o]n_, a dog.]
PROD, prod, _n._ a goad, awl: a prick or punch with a pointed
instrument.--_v.t._ to prick. [Perh. _brod._]
PRODIGAL, prod'i-gal, _adj._ spending without necessity: wasteful: lavish:
profuse.--_n._ one who throws away without necessity: a waster: a
spendthrift.--_v.t._ PROD'IGALISE, PROD'IG[=A]TE, to spend lavishly,
waste.--_n._ PRODIGAL'ITY, state or quality of being prodigal:
extravagance: profusion: great liberality.--_adv._ PROD'IGALLY, wastefully.
[Fr.,--L. _prodigus_--_prodig[)e]re_, to squander--_pro_, forth,
_ag[)e]re_, to drive.]
PRODIGY, prod'i-ji, _n._ a portent: any person or thing that causes great
wonder: a wonder: a monster.--_adj._ PRODIG'IOUS, like a prodigy:
astonishing: more than usually large in size or degree: monstrous.--_adv._
PRODIG'IOUSLY.--_n._ PRODIG'IOUSNESS. [Fr. _prodige_--L. _prodigium_, a
prophetic sign--_pro_, before, _dic[)e]re_, to say.]
PRODITOR, prod'i-tor, _n._ a traitor. [L.,--_prod[)e]re_, _-itum_, to
betray--_pro_, forth, _d[)a]re_, to give.]
PRODROMUS, prod'r[=o]-mus, _n._ a sign of approaching disease: a
preliminary course or treatise:--_pl._ PROD'ROMI (-[=i]).--_adj._
PRODROM'IC. [Gr.]
PRODUCE, pr[=o]-d[=u]s', _v.t._ to bring forward: to make longer: to bring
forth: to bear: to exhibit: to yield: to bring about: to cause: (_geom._)
to extend.--_v.i._ to yield: to create value.--_ns._ PROD'UCE, that which
is produced: product: proceeds: crops: yield; PROD'UCE-BROK'ER, a dealer in
natural products, esp. foreign or colonial; PRODUC'ER;
PRODUCIBIL'ITY.--_adj._ PRODUC'IBLE, that may be produced: that may be
generated or made: that may be exhibited.--_n._ PRODUC'IBLENESS.--_adj._
PRODUC'TILE, capable of being drawn out in length. [L. _produc[)e]re_,
_-ductum_--_pro_, forward, _duc[)e]re_, to lead.]
PRODUCT, prod'ukt, _n._ that which grows or is produced: work: composition:
effect: (_arith._) the result of numbers multiplied together: (_Milt._)
offspring.--_v.t._ PRODUCT' (_rare_), to produce.--_ns._ PRODUCTIBIL'ITY,
capability of being produced; PRODUC'TION, act of producing: that which is
produced: fruit: product: (_pol. econ._) creation of values: (_zool._)
extension, protrusion: (_pl._) in Scots law, written documents produced in
support of the action or defence.--_adj._ PRODUC'TIVE, having the power to
produce: generative: fertile: efficient.--_adv._ PRODUC'TIVELY.--_ns._
PRODUC'TIVENESS, PRODUCTIV'ITY.
PROEM, pr[=o]'em, _n._ an introduction: a prelude: a preface.--_adj._
PRO[=E]'MIAL. [Fr. _proème_--L. _prooemium_--Gr. _prooimion_--_pro_,
before, _oimos_, a way.]
PROEMBRYO, pr[=o]-em'bri-[=o], _n._ a cellular structure produced from the
spore of some plants, from which the embryo arises.
PROEMPTOSIS, pr[=o]-emp-t[=o]'sis, _n._ the addition of a day to a calendar
or cycle, to correct error. [Gr.]
PROFACE, pr[=o]'fas, _interj._ (_Shak._) may it profit you!--a phrase of
welcome. [O. Fr.,--_prou_, profit, _face_, _fasse_, 3d pers. sing. pres.
subj. of _faire_, to do.]
PROFANE, pr[=o]-f[=a]n', _adj._ not sacred: common: secular: speaking or
acting in contempt of sacred things: uninitiated: impious: impure.--_v.t._
to violate anything holy: to abuse anything sacred: to put to a wrong use:
to pollute: to debase.--_n._ PROFAN[=A]'TION, desecration: irreverence to
what is holy: a treating of anything with disrespect.--_adj._
PROFAN'ATORY.--_adv._ PROFANE'LY.--_ns._ PROFANE'NESS; PROF[=A]N'ER;
PROFAN'ITY, irreverence: that which is profane: profane language or
conduct. [Fr.,--L. _profanus_--_pro_, before, _fanum_, a temple.]
PROFECTITIOUS, pr[=o]-fek-tish'us, _adj._ derived from an ancestor or
ancestors. [Low L.,--L. _proficisci_, _profectus_, to proceed.]
PROFESS, pr[=o]-fes', _v.t._ to own freely: to make open declaration of: to
declare in strong terms: to announce publicly one's skill in: to affirm
one's belief in: (_Spens._) to present the appearance of: (_R.C._) to
receive into a religious order by profession.--_v.i._ to enter publicly
into a religious state: (_Shak._) to pretend friendship.--_adj._
PROFESSED', openly declared: avowed: acknowledged.--_adv._
PROFESS'EDLY.--_n._ PROFES'SION, the act of professing: open declaration:
pretence: an employment not mechanical and requiring some degree of
learning: calling or known employment: the collective body of persons
engaged in any profession: entrance into a religious order.--_adj._
PROFES'SIONAL, pertaining to a profession: engaged in a profession:
undertaken as a means of subsistence, as opposed to _Amateur._--_n._ one
who makes his living by an art, as opposed to an amateur who practises it
merely for pastime.--_n._ PROFES'SIONALISM.--_adv._ PROFES'SIONALLY.--_ns._
PROFESS'OR, one who professes: one who openly declares belief in certain
doctrines: one who publicly practises or teaches any branch of knowledge: a
public and authorised teacher in a university:--_fem._ PROFESS'ORESS;
PROFESS'ORATE, PROFESS[=O]'RI[=A]TE, the office of a professor or public
teacher: his period of office: body of professors.--_adj._
PROFESS[=O]'RIAL.--_adv._ PROFESS[=O]'RIALLY.--_n._ PROFESS'ORSHIP. [Fr.
_profès_, professed, said of a member of a religious order--L. _professus_,
perf. p. of _profit[=e]ri_--_pro_, publicly, _fat[=e]ri_, to confess.]
PROFFER, prof'[.e]r, _v.t._ to bring forward: to propose: to offer for
acceptance.--_n._ an offer made: a proposal.--_n._ PROFF'ERER. [Fr.
_proférer_--L. _proferre_--_pro_, forward, _ferre_, to bring.]
PROFICIENCE, pr[=o]-fish'ens, _n._ state of being proficient: improvement
in anything: advancement--also PROFI'CIENCY.--_adj._ PROFI'CIENT,
competent: well skilled: thoroughly qualified.--_n._ one who has made
considerable advancement in anything: an adept: an expert.--_adv._
PROFI'CIENTLY. [L. _proficiens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _profic[)e]re_, to make
progress--_pro_, forward, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]
PROFILE, pr[=o]'f[=i]l, _n._ an outline: a head or portrait in a side-view:
the side-face: the outline of any object without foreshortening: a vertical
section of country to show the elevations and depressions.--_v.t._ to draw
in profile: to make an outline of: (_mech._) to give a definite form by
chiselling, milling, &c.--_ns._ PR[=O]'FILIST, one who takes or makes
profiles; PROFIL'OGRAPH, an instrument for automatically recording the
profile of the ground it traverses. [It. _profilo_ (Fr. _profil_)--L.
_pro_, before, _filum_, a thread.]
PROFIT, prof'it, _n._ gain: the gain resulting from the employment of
capital: the difference between the selling price and the first cost:
advantage: addition to good or value: benefit: improvement.--_v.t._ to
benefit or to be of advantage to: to improve.--_v.i._ to gain advantage: to
receive profit: to improve: to be of advantage: to bring good.--_adj._
PROF'ITABLE, yielding or bringing profit or gain: lucrative: productive:
advantageous: beneficial.--_n._ PROF'ITABLENESS.--_adv._
PROF'ITABLY.--_ns._ PROF'ITER; PROF'ITING, profit, gain, or advantage:
(_B._) progress or proficiency.--_adj._ PROF'ITLESS, without profit, gain,
or advantage.--_adv._ PROF'ITLESSLY.--_n._ PROF'IT-SHAR'ING, a voluntary
agreement under which the employee receives a share, fixed beforehand, in
the profits of a business.--PROFIT AND LOSS, gain or loss arising from
buying and selling, &c.--NET PROFITS, clear gain after deduction of all
outlay and expenses; RATE OF PROFIT, the amount of profit compared with the
capital used in its production. [Fr.,--L. _profectus_,
progress--_profic[)e]re_, _profectum_, to make progress.]
PROFLIGATE, prof'li-g[=a]t, _adj._ abandoned to vice: without virtue or
decency: dissolute: prodigal: (_obs._) overthrown, defeated.--_n._ one
leading a profligate life: one shamelessly vicious: an abandoned
person.--_ns._ PROF'LIGACY, PROF'LIGATENESS, state or quality of being
profligate: a vicious course of life.--_adv._ PROF'LIGATELY. [L.
_profligatus_, pa.p. of _proflig[=a]re_--_pro_, forward, _flig[)e]re_, to
dash.]
PROFLUENT, prof'l[=u]-ent, _adj._ flowing forth.--_n._ PROF'LUENCE. [L.
_pro_, forth, _fluere_, to flow.]
PRO FORMA, pr[=o] for'ma, as a matter of form. [L. _pro_, for, _forma_,
abl. of _forma_, form.]
PROFOUND, pr[=o]-fownd', _adj._ far below the surface: low: very deep:
intense: abstruse: mysterious: occult: intellectually deep: penetrating
deeply into knowledge.--_n._ the sea or ocean: an abyss, great
depth.--_adv._ PROFOUND'LY, deeply: with deep knowledge or insight: with
deep concern.--_ns._ PROFOUND'NESS, PROFUND'ITY, the state or quality of
being profound: depth of place, of knowledge, &c.: that which is profound.
[Fr. _profond_--L. _profundus_--_pro_, forward, _fundus_, bottom.]
PROFUNDA, pr[=o]-fun'dä, _n._ a deep-seated artery, as of the arm, neck, or
leg:--_pl._ PROFUN'DÆ.
PROFUSE, pr[=o]-f[=u]s', _adj._ liberal to excess: lavish:
extravagant.--_adv._ PROF[=U]SE'LY.--_ns._ PROF[=U]SE'NESS, PROF[=U]'SION,
state of being profuse: extravagance: prodigality. [L. _profusus_, pa.p. of
_profund[)e]re_--_pro_, forth, _fund[)e]re_, to pour.]
PROG, prog, _v.t._ to thrust.--_v.i._ to go about, as if picking and
plundering: to beg.--_n._ a pointed instrument: food got by begging. [Prob.
related to W. procio, to stab.]
PROGENERATE, pr[=o]-jen'e-r[=a]t, _v.t._ to beget.--_n._ PROGEN'ITOR, a
forefather: an ancestor: a parent: the founder of a family:--_fem._
PROGEN'ITRESS, PROGEN'ITRIX.--_ns._ PR[=O]GEN'ITURE, a begetting; PROG'ENY,
that which is brought forth: descendants: race: children.
[Fr.,--L.,--_pro_, before, _genitor_, a parent, _gign[)e]re_, _genitum_, to
beget.]
PROGLOTTIS, pr[=o]-glot'is, _n._ a term applied to the detached segments of
the body in the _Cestoidea_:--_pl._ PROGLOTT'ID[=E]S.--_adj._ PROGLOTT'IC.
[Gr.,--_pro_, before, _gl[=o]ssa_, _gl[=o]tta_, tongue.]
PROGNATHOUS, prog'n[=a]-thus, _adj._ having jaws projecting far
forward--also PROGNATH'IC.--_n._ PROG'NATHISM. [Gr. _pro_, forward,
_gnathos_, a jaw.]
PROGNOSIS, prog-n[=o]'sis, _n._ foreknowledge: (_med._) the act or art of
foretelling the course of a disease from the symptoms: the opinion thus
formed.--_n._ PROGNOS'TIC, a foreshowing: a foretelling: an indication: a
presage.--_adj._ foreknowing: foreshowing: indicating what is to happen by
signs or symptoms.--_v.t._ PROGNOS'TIC[=A]TE, to foreshow: to foretell: to
indicate as future by signs.--_n._ PROGNOSTIC[=A]'TION, the act of
prognosticating or foretelling something future by present signs: a
foretoken or previous sign.--_adj._ PROGNOS'TIC[=A]TIVE.--_n._
PROGNOS'TIC[=A]TOR, a predictor of future events, esp. a weather prophet.
[Gr.,--_pro_, before, _gign[=o]skein_, to know.]
PROGRAMME, PROGRAM, pr[=o]'gram, _n._ a public notice in writing: an
outline of subjects and the order in which they are to be taken up at a
meeting, exhibition, concert, &c.: a preliminary outline.--_n._
PR[=O]'GRAMMER, one who makes up a programme.--PROGRAMME MUSIC, music meant
to give the hearers, by means of instruments, without words, the
impressions of scenes and incidents. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _programma_--_pro_,
before, _graphein_, to write.]