position: a measure=5½ yards: a square measure=30¼ square yards: a pole
joining the fore and hind gear of a spring carriage: a frame on which cloth
is examined for flaws.--_v.i._ to sit or roost on a perch: to
settle.--_v.t._ to place, as on a perch.--_ns._ PERCH'ER, a bird that
perches on trees; PERCH'ING, the examination of cloth stretched on a frame
for burs, knots, or holes--also called _Burling_.--_adj._
insessorial.--_ns._ PERCH'-PLATE, a plate or block above or below a
carriage-reach, at the king-bolt; PERCH'-POLE, an acrobat's climbing-pole;
PERCH'-STAY, one of the side-rods bracing the perch to the hind-axle. [Fr.
_perche_--L. _pertica_, a rod.]
PERCHANCE, per-chans', _adv._ by chance: perhaps.
PERCHERON, per-she-rong', _n._ a horse of the Percheron breed, large strong
draught-horses, usually dapple-gray--also _Norman_ and _Norman
Percheron_.--_adj._ pertaining to the foregoing. [Fr.,--_Perche_, in
southern Normandy.]
PERCHLORIC, per-kl[=o]'rik, _adj._ pertaining to an acid, a syrupy liquid
obtained by decomposing potassium perchlorate by means of sulphuric
acid.--_n._ PERCHL[=O]'RATE, a salt of perchloric acid.
PERCIPIENT, per-sip'i-ent, _adj._ perceiving: having the faculty of
perception.--_n._ one who perceives or who has the power of
perceiving.--_ns._ PERCIP'IENCE, PERCIP'IENCY.
PERCLOSE, per-kl[=o]z', _n._ an enclosed place: (_archit._) a railing
separating a tomb or chapel from the rest of the church: (_her._) the lower
half of a garter with the buckle.--Also PAR'ACLOSE, PARCLOSE'. [O. Fr.,--L.
_præ_, in front, _claud[)e]re_, _clausum_, to shut.]
PERCOCT, per-kokt', _adj._ well-cooked. [L. _percoctus_, _percoqu[)e]re_,
to cook thoroughly.]
PERCOID, per'koid. See PERCH (1).
PERCOLATE, p[.e]r'k[=o]-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to strain through pores or small
openings, as a liquid: to filter.--_v.i._ to pass or ooze through very
small openings: to filter.--_n._ a filtered liquid.--_ns._ PERCOL[=A]'TION,
act of filtering; PER'COLATOR, a filtering vessel. [L.
_percol[=a]re_,_-[=a]tum_--_per_, through, _col[=a]re_, to strain.]
PERCURRENT, per-kur'ent, _adj._ running through the whole length.--_adj._
PERCUR'SORY, running over slightly or in haste (same as _Cursory_). [L.
_percurrens_, pr.p. of _percurr[)e]re_, _percursum_, to run through.]
PERCUSS, per-kus', _v.t._ to strike so as to shake: to tap for purposes of
diagnosis.--_adj._ PERCUS'SANT (_her._), bent round and striking the side,
as a lion's tail--also PERCUSSED'.
PERCUSSION, per-kush'un, _n._ the forcible striking of one body against
another: collision, or the shock produced by it: impression of sound on the
ear: (_med._) the tapping upon the body to find the condition of an
internal organ by the sounds: in the jargon of palmistry, the outer side of
the hand.--_adjs._ PERCUSS'IONAL, PERCUSS'IVE.--_ns._ PERCUSS'ION-BULL'ET,
a bullet so formed as to explode on striking something: an explosive
bullet; PERCUS'SION-CAP, a cap of copper partly filled with a substance
which explodes when struck, formerly used for firing rifles, &c.;
PERCUS'SION-FUSE, a fuse in a projectile set in action by concussion when
the projectile strikes the object; PERCUS'SION-HAMM'ER, a small hammer for
percussion in diagnosis; PERCUS'SION-LOCK, a kind of lock for a gun in
which a hammer strikes upon a percussion-cap on the nipple, igniting the
charge; PERCUS'SION-POW'DER, powder which explodes on being struck, called
also _fulminating powder_.--_adv._ PERCUSS'IVELY.--_ns._ PERCUSS'OR;
PERCUTEUR', an instrument for light percussion in neuralgia, &c.--_adj._
PERC[=U]'TIENT, striking or having power to strike.--_n._ that which
strikes or has power to strike. [L. _percussion-em_--_percut[)e]re_,
_percussum_--_per_, thoroughly, _quat[)e]re_, to shake.]
PERCUTANEOUS, per-k[=u]-t[=a]'n[=e]-us, _adj._ done or applied through or
by means of the skin.--_adv._ PERCUT[=A]'NEOUSLY. [L. _per_, through,
_cutis_, the skin.]
PERDENDO, per-den'd[=o], _adj._ (_mus._) dying away.--Also PERDEN'DOSI.
[It.]
PERDIE, PERDY, p[.e]r'di, _adv._=PARDIEU.
PERDITION, per-dish'un, _n._ utter loss or ruin: the utter loss of
happiness in a future state.--_n._ PER'DITA, a lost woman.--_adj._
PERDI'TIONABLE. [Fr.,--L. _perditio_--_perd[)e]re_, _perditum_--_per_,
entirely, _d[)a]re_, to put.]
PERDU, PERDUE, per-d[=u]', _adj._ lost to view: concealed: being on a
forlorn hope or on a desperate enterprise: reckless.--_n._ (_Shak._) one
lying in concealment or ambush: one on a forlorn hope. [Fr., pa.p. of
_perdre_, to lose--L. _perd[)e]re_, to destroy.]
PERDUELLION, per-d[=u]-el'i-on, _n._ treason. [L.]
PERDURABLE, per'd[=u]-ra-bl, _adj._ (_Shak._) very durable, long
continued.--_ns._ PERDURABIL'ITY, PERD[=U]'RANCE, PERDUR[=A]'TION.--_adv._
PERD[=U]'RABLY (_Shak._), very durably: everlastingly.--_v.i._ PERDURE', to
last for a very long time. [L. _perdur[=a]re_--_per_, through, _dur[=a]re_,
to last.]
PEREGAL, per'e-gal, _adj._ fully equal.--_n._ equal.
PEREGRINATE, per'[=e]-gri-n[=a]t, _v.i._ to travel through the country: to
travel about from place to place: to live in a foreign country.--_adj._
foreign.--_ns._ PEREGRIN[=A]'TION, act of peregrinating or travelling
about; PER'EGRIN[=A]TOR, one who travels about.--_adj._ PER'EGRINE,
foreign, not native: migratory, as a bird.--_n._ a foreigner resident in
any country: a kind of falcon.--_n._ PEREGRIN'ITY, foreignness. [L.
_peregrin[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_--_peregrinus_, foreign.]
PEREION, pe-r[=i]'on, _n._ the thorax in crustacea:--_pl._ PEREI'A.--_n._
PEREI'OPOD, one of the true thoracic limbs of a crustacean. [Gr.
_perii[=o]n_, pr.p. of _periienai_, to go about.]
PERELLE, pe-rel', _n._ Same as PARELLA.
PEREMPTORY, per'emp-t[=o]-ri, _adj._ preventing debate: authoritative:
dogmatical: final, determinate: fully resolved or determined: that must be
done.--_adv._ PER'EMPTORILY.--_n._ PER'EMPTORINESS. [Fr.,--L.
_peremptorius_--_perim[)e]re_, peremptum--_per_, entirely, _em[)e]re_, to
take.]
PERENNIAL, pe-ren'i-al, _adj._ lasting through the year: perpetual: never
failing: growing constantly: (_bot._) lasting more than two years: of
insects, living more than one year.--_n._ a plant which lives more than two
years.--_v.i._ PERENN'ATE, to live perennially.--_n._
PERENN[=A]'TION.--_adv._ PERENN'IALLY. [L. _perennis_--_per_, through,
_annus_, a year.]
PERENNIBRANCHIATE, pe-ren-i-brang'ki-[=a]t, _adj._ having perennial
branchiæ or gills.--Also PERENN'IBRANCH.
PERFECT, p[.e]r'fekt, _adj._ done thoroughly or completely: completed:
without blemish, fault, or error: having neither too much nor too little:
entire, very great: in the highest degree: possessing every moral
excellence: completely skilled or acquainted: (_gram._) expressing an act
completed: (_bot._) having both stamens and pistils, hermaphrodite.--_v.t._
(or per-fekt') to make perfect: to finish: to teach fully, to make fully
skilled in anything.--_ns._ PERFECT[=A]'TION (_rare_); PER'FECTER;
PERFECT'I, a body of Catharists in the 12th and 13th centuries, of very
strict lives; PERFECTIBIL'ITY, quality of being made perfect.--_adj._
PERFECT'IBLE, that may be made perfect.--_ns._ PERFEC'TION, state of being
perfect: a perfect quality or acquirement: the highest state or degree;
PERFEC'TIONISM (or PERFECTIBIL'ITY), the belief that man in a state of
grace may attain to a relative perfection or a state of living without sin
in this life; PERFEC'TIONIST, one who pretends to be perfect: one who
thinks that moral perfection can be attained in this life: one of the Bible
Communists or Free-lovers, a small American sect founded by J. H. Noyes
(1811-86), which settled at Oneida in 1848, holding that the gospel if
accepted secures freedom from sin.--_adj._ PERFECT'IVE, tending to make
perfect.--_advs._ PERFECT'IVELY, PER'FECTLY, in a perfect manner:
completely: exactly: without fault.--_n._ PER'FECTNESS, state or quality of
being perfect: completeness: perfection: consummate excellence.--PERFECT
INSECT, the imago or completely developed form of an insect; PERFECT METALS
(see METAL); PERFECT NUMBER, a number equal to the sum of all its divisors,
the number itself of course excepted, as 6 = 1 + 2 + 3, 28 = 1 + 2 + 4 + 7
+ 14. [Fr.,--L. _perfectus_, pa.p. of _perfic[)e]re_--_per_, thoroughly,
_fac[)e]re_, to do.]
PERFERVID, per-fer'vid, _adj._ very fervid: very hot or eager.--_n._
PERFER'VIDNESS.--PERFERVIDUM INGENIUM, a very ardent disposition. [L.
_perfervidus_, _præfervidus_--_præ_, before, _fervidus_, fervid.]
PERFICIENT, p[.e]r-fish'ent, _adj._ effectual.--_n._ one who does a lasting
work, esp. who endows a charity.
PERFIDIOUS, per-fid'i-us, _adj._ faithless: unfaithful: basely violating
trust: treacherous.--_adv._ PERFID'IOUSLY.--_ns._ PERFID'IOUSNESS,
PER'FIDY, treachery. [L. _perfidiosus_--_perfidia_, faithlessness.]
PERFOLIATE, -D, per-f[=o]'li-[=a]t, -ed, _adj._ (_bot._) having the stem as
it were passing through the blade--of a leaf: having the leaf round the
stem at the base: (_zool._) surrounded by a circle of hairs, &c., taxicorn.
[L. _per_, through, _folium_, a leaf.]
PERFORATE, p[.e]r'f[=o]-r[=a]t, _v.t._ to bore through: to pierce: to make
a hole through.--_adj._ PER'FORABLE, capable of being perforated.--_n._
PER'FORANS, the long flexor muscle of the toes, or the deep flexor muscle
of the fingers.--_adjs._ PER'FORANT, perforating; PER'FORATE, -D (_bot._),
pierced with holes: having transparent dots, as the leaves of certain
flowers.--_n._ PERFOR[=A]'TION, act of boring through: a hole through or
into anything.--_adj._ PER'FOR[=A]TIVE, having power to pierce.--_ns._
PER'FOR[=A]TOR, one who bores, or an instrument for boring; PER'FOR[=A]TUS,
the short flexor of the toes, or the superficial flexor of the fingers. [L.
_perfor[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_per_, through, _for[=a]re_, to bore.]
PERFORCE, per-f[=o]rs', _adv._ by force: of necessity.
PERFORM, per-form', _v.t._ to do thoroughly: to carry out: to achieve: to
act, as on the stage.--_v.i._ to do: to act a part: to play, as on a
musical instrument.--_adj._ PERFOR'MABLE, capable of being performed:
practicable.--_ns._ PERFOR'MANCE, act of performing: a carrying out of
something: something done, esp. of a public character: a piece of work: an
exhibition in a theatre or a place of amusement: an act or action;
PERFOR'MER, one who performs, esp. one who makes a public exhibition of his
skill: an actor, an actress, &c.--_adj._ PERFOR'MING, doing: trained to
perform tricks. [O. Fr. _parfournir_, _par_--L. _per_, through, _fournir_,
to furnish.]
PERFUME, p[.e]r'f[=u]m, or p[.e]r-f[=u]m', _n._ sweet-smelling smoke: sweet
scent: anything which yields a sweet odour.--_v.t._ (p[.e]r-f[=u]m') to
fill with a pleasant odour: to scent.--_adj._ PERF[=U]'MATORY, yielding
perfume.--_ns._ PER'FUME-FOUN'TAIN, a small appliance for throwing a jet or
spray of perfume; PERF[=U]'MER, one who or that which perfumes: one who
makes or sells perfumes; PERF[=U]'MERY, perfumes in general: the art of
preparing perfumes; PER'FUME-SET, a set of articles for the
toilet-table.--_adj._ PER'F[=U]MY. [Fr. _parfum_--L. _per_, through,
_fumus_, smoke.]
PERFUNCTORY, per-fungk't[=o]-ri, _adj._ done merely as a duty to be passed
over: performed carelessly or without interest: negligent: slight.--_adv._
PERFUNC'TORILY, in a careless, half-hearted manner: without zeal or
interest.--_n._ PERFUNC'TORINESS, careless performance: half-heartedness.
[L. _perfunctorius_--_perfunctus_, pa.p. of _perfungi_, to execute--_per_,
thoroughly, _fungi_, to do.]
PERFUSE, per-f[=u]z', _v.t._ to pour through or over.--_n._
PERF[=U]'SION.--_adj._ PERF[=U]'SIVE, sprinkling, or tending to sprinkle.
[L. _perfusus_, poured over--_per_, through, _fund[)e]re_, to pour.]
PERGAMENEOUS, per-ga-m[=e]'n[=e]-us, _adj._ thin and parchment-like in
texture.--_adj._ PERGAMENT[=A]'CEOUS, parchment-like. [L. _pergamena_,
parchment.]
PERGOLA, per'g[=o]-la, _n._ an arbour, a balcony.--Also PER'GULA. [It.,--L.
_pergula_, a shed.]
PERGUNNAH, p[.e]r-gun'a, _n._ a sub-division of a zillah or district in
India.--Also PARGAN'A. [Hind.]
PERHAPS, per-haps', _adv._ it may be: possibly.
PERI, p[=e]'ri, _n._ in Persian mythology, a female elf or fairy,
represented as descended from the fallen angels. [Fr. _péri_--Pers.
_par[=i]_, a fairy.]
PERIAGUA, per-i-ä'gwä, _n._ a canoe hollowed out of a single trunk, a
dug-out: a vessel made by cutting a canoe in two lengthwise and inserting a
large plank: a large keelless flat-bottomed boat for shoal-water
navigation, decked at the ends only, propelled by rowing, or by sails on
two masts capable of being struck.--Also PIROGUE'. [Sp. _piragua_.]
PERIAKTOS, per-i-ak'tos, _n._ in the ancient Greek theatre a tall
prism-shaped frame or screen at the side entrances, each carrying three
scenes changed by turning the frames. [Gr.]
PERIANTH, per'i-anth, _n._ the floral envelope where the calyx and corolla
are not easily distinguished. [Gr. _peri_, around, _anthos_, a flower.]
PERIAPT, per'i-apt, _n._ (_Shak._) an amulet. [Gr. _periapton_, something
hung round, _peri_, about, _aptos_--_aptein_, to fasten.]
PERIAXIAL, per-i-ak'si-al, _adj._ surrounding an axis.
PERIBLAST, per'i-blast, _n._ the protoplasm about the nucleus of a
cell.--_adj._ PERIBLAST'IC. [Gr. _peri_, about, _blastos_, a germ.]
PERIBOLOS, pe-rib'o-los, _n._ a court enclosed by a wall, esp. one
containing a temple or a church, the whole outer enclosure of sanctuary or
refuge. [Gr. _peribolos_, encircling--_peri_, around, _ballein_, to throw.]
PERICARDIUM, per-i-kär'di-um, _n._ (_anat._) the bag or sac composed of two
layers which surrounds the heart.--_adjs._ PERICAR'DIAC, PERICAR'DIAL,
PERICAR'DIAN.--_n._ PERICARD[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the pericardium.
[Late L.,--Gr. _perikardion_--_peri_, around, _kardia_, heart.]
PERICARP, per'i-kärp, _n._ (_bot._) the covering, shell, or rind of fruits:
a seed-vessel.--_adj._ PERICARP'IAL. [Gr. _perikarpion_--_peri_, around,
_karpos_, fruit.]
PERICENTRAL, per-i-sen'tral, _adj._ surrounding a central body.--_adj._
PERICEN'TRIC.
PERICHONDRIUM, per-i-kon'dri-um, _n._ the fibrous investment of cartilage.
[Gr. _peri_, about, _chondros_, cartilage.]
PERICLASE, per'i-kl[=a]z, _n._ a rare mineral consisting of magnesia with a
little iron protoxide. [Gr. _peri_, about, _klasis_, fracture.]
PERICLEAN, per-i-kl[=e]'an, _adj._ of _Pericles_ (died 429 B.C.) or the
golden age of art and letters at Athens.
PERICOPE, p[=e]-rik'[=o]-p[=e], _n._ an extract, esp. the selections from
the epistles and gospels for the Sundays of the year. [Gr. _peri_, around,
_koptein_, to cut.]
PERICRANIUM, per-i-kr[=a]'ni-um, _n._ (_anat._) the membrane that surrounds
the cranium.--_adj._ PERICR[=A]'NIAL.--_n._ PER'ICR[=A]NY (_obs._), the
skull. [Late L.,--Gr. _perikranion_--_peri_, around, _kranion_, the skull.]
PERICULUM, p[=e]-rik'[=u]-lum, _n._ (_Scots law_) a risk:--_pl._ PERIC'ULA.
[L.]
PERICYSTITIS, per-i-sis-t[=i]'tis, _n._ inflammation around the bladder.
[Gr. _peri_, around, _kystis_, the bladder.]
PERIDENTAL, per-i-den'tal, _adj._ surrounding the teeth.
PERIDERM, per'i-derm, _n._ the hard integument of some tubularian
hydromedusans: (_bot._) the outer bark.--_adj._ PER'IDERMAL. [Gr. _peri_,
about, _derma_, skin.]
PERIDESMIUM, per-i-des'mi-um, _n._ (_anat._) the areolar tissue round a
ligament. [Gr. _peri_, around, _desmos_, a band.]
PERIDIUM, p[=e]-rid'i-um, _n._ the outer coat of a sporophore in
angiocarpous fungi.--_adj._ PERID'IAL.--_n._ PERID[=I]'OLUM (_bot._), an
inner peridium inside of which the hymenium is formed. [Gr. _p[=e]ridion_,
dim. of _p[=e]ra_, a wallet.]
PERIDOTITE, per'i-d[=o]-t[=i]t, _n._ rock mainly composed of olivine.--_n._
PER'IDOT, chrysolite.--_adj._ PERIDOT'IC.
PERIDROME, per'i-dr[=o]m, _n._ the space between the inner cell or chamber
and the surrounding pillars in an ancient temple. [Gr. _peridromos_,
running round--_peri_, around, _dromos_, a race.]
PERIEGESIS, per-i-[=e]-j[=e]'sis, _n._ a progress or journey through. [Gr.]
PERIENTERON, per-i-en'te-ron, _n._ the primitive perivisceral
cavity.--_adj._ PERIENTER'IC. [Gr. _peri_, about, _enteron_, an intestine.]
PERIFIBRUM, per-i-f[=i]'brum, _n._ the membraneous covering of the spicules
and fibre of sponges.
PERIGANGLIONIC, per-i-gang-gli-on'ik, _adj._ surrounding a ganglion.
PERIGASTRIC, per-i-gas'trik, _adj._ surrounding the alimentary canal.
PERIGEE, per'i-j[=e], _n._ (_astron._) the point of the moon's orbit at
which it is nearest the earth--opp. to _Apogee_.--_adjs._ PERIG[=E]'AL,
PERIG[=E]'AN. [Gr. _peri_, near, _g[=e]_, the earth.]
PERIGENESIS, per-i-jen'e-sis, _n._ wave-generation, the dynamic theory of
reproduction by a kind of wave-motion of plastidules.
PERIGLOTTIS, per-i-glot'is, _n._ the epidermis of the tongue.--_adj._
PERIGLOTT'IC.
PERIGONE, per'i-g[=o]n, _n._ (_bot._) the same as PERIANTH--also
PERIG[=O]'NIUM.--_adj._ PERIG[=O]'NIAL. [Gr. _peri_, about, _gon[=e]_,
seed.]
PERIGRAPH, per'i-graf, _n._ an inaccurate delineation of anything.--_adj._
PERIGRAPH'IC.
PERIGYNOUS, per-ij'i-nus, _adj._ (_bot._) denoting flowers which have the
petals and stamens growing on the calyx, or around the pistil.--_n._
PERIGYN'IUM. [Gr. _peri_, about, _gyn[=e]_, a female.]
PERIHELION, per-i-h[=e]'li-on, _n._ the point of the orbit of a planet or a
comet at which it is nearest to the sun--opp. to _Aphelion_.--Also
PERIH[=E]'LIUM. [Gr. _peri_, near, _h[=e]lios_, the sun.]
PERIHEPATIC, per-i-h[=e]-pat'ik, _adj._ surrounding the liver.
PERIL, per'il, _n._ danger: a source of danger: exposure to danger.--_v.t._
to expose to danger:--_pr.p._ per'illing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._
per'illed.--_adj._ PER'ILOUS, full of peril: dangerous.--_adv._
PER'ILOUSLY.--_n._ PER'ILOUSNESS. [Fr. _péril_--L. _periculum_.]
PERILYMPH, per'i-limf, _n._ the fluid which surrounds the membraneous
labyrinth of the ear.
PERIMETER, p[=e]-rim'e-t[.e]r, _n._ (_geom._) the circuit or boundary of
any plane figure, or the sum of all its sides: an instrument for measuring
the area over which a person can see distinctly.--_adjs._ PERIMET'RIC, -AL,
pertaining to the perimeter.--_n._ PERIM'ETRY, the act of making
perimetrical measurements. [Gr. _perimetros_--_peri_, around, _metron_,
measure.]
PERIMORPH, per'i-morf, _n._ a mineral enclosing another.--_adjs._
PERIMOR'PHIC, PERIMOR'PHOUS.
PERINEUM, PERINÆUM, per-i-n[=e]'um, _n._ the lower part of the body between
the genital organs and the rectum.--_adj._ PERIN[=E]'AL. [L.,--Gr.]
PERIOD, p[=e]'ri-ud, _n._ the time in which anything is performed:
(_astron._) the time occupied by one of the heavenly bodies in making its
revolution: a stated interval of time, at the end of which certain events
begin again to go through the same course as before: a series of events: a
series of years: length of duration: the time at which anything ends:
conclusion: (_gram._) a mark at the end of a sentence: (_rhet._) a complete
sentence.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to put an end to.--_adjs._ PERIOD'IC, -AL,
pertaining to a period: happening by revolution: occurring at regular
intervals: pertaining to periodicals.--_ns._ PERIOD'ICAL, a magazine or
other publication which appears in parts at regular periods;
PERIOD'ICALIST, one who writes in a periodical.--_adv._
PERIOD'ICALLY.--_n._ PERIODIC'ITY, state of being periodic: tendency to
happen over again at regular intervals of time.--PERIODICAL LITERATURE,
literature published in magazines, &c.; PERIODIC FUNCTION, one whose
operation being iterated a certain number of times restores the variable: a
function having a period; PERIODIC INEQUALITY, a disturbance in the motion
of a planet due to its position in its orbit relatively to another planet;
PERIODIC LAW (_chem._), a relation of elements according to their atomic
weights. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _periodos_--_peri_, around, _hodos_, a way.]
PERIOPHTHALMUS, per-i-of-thal'mus, _n._ a genus of acanthopterous fishes,
allied to gobies, with protruding mobile eyes, pectoral fins that can be
used as legs.
PERIORBITAL, per-i-or'bi-tal, _adj._ pertaining to the orbit of the eye.
PERIOSTEUM, per-i-os't[=e]-um, _n._ a tough fibrous membrane which forms
the outer coating of bones.--_adjs._ PERIOS'T[=E]AL, PERIOS'T[=E]OUS;
PERIOSTIT'IC.--_n._ PERIOST[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the periosteum. [Gr.
_periosteon_--_peri_, around, _osteon_, a bone.]
PERIOTIC, per-i-[=o]'tik, _adj._ surrounding the inner ear.--_n._ a
periotic bone. [Gr. _peri_, about, _ous_, _[=o]tos_, the ear.]
PERIPATETIC, -AL, per-i-pa-tet'ik, -al, _adj._ walking about: of or
pertaining to the philosophy of Aristotle, who taught while walking up and
down in the Lyceum at Athens.--_n._ PERIPATET'IC, an adherent of the
philosophy of Aristotle: one accustomed or obliged to walk: (_pl._)
instruction by lectures.--_n._ PERIPATET'ICISM, the philosophy of
Aristotle. [Gr. _peripat[=e]tikos_--_peri_, about, _patein_, to walk.]
PERIPATUS, pe-rip'[=a]-tus, _n._ a genus of myriapods.
PERIPETIA, per-i-pe-t[=i]'a, _n._ the dénouement of a drama.
PERIPHERY, pe-rif'[.e]r-i, _n._ (_geom._) the circumference of a circle or
of any closed figure: the outside of anything generally.--_adjs._
PERIPH'ERAL, PERIPHER'IC, -AL. [L.--Gr. _peri_, around, _pherein_, to
carry.]
PERIPHRACTIC, per-i-frak'tik, _adj._ enclosed around. [Gr. _peri_, about,
_phrassein_, to enclose.]
PERIPHRASE, per'i-fr[=a]z, _n._ a round-about way of speaking: the use of
more words than are necessary to express an idea: (_rhet._) a figure
employed to avoid a trite expression--also PERIPH'RASIS.--_v.t._ or _v.i._
to use circumlocution.--_adjs._ PERIPHRAS'TIC, -AL, containing or expressed
by periphrasis or circumlocution.--_adv._ PERIPHRAS'TICALLY. [L.,--Gr.
_periphrasis_--_peri_, about, _phrasis_, a speaking.]
PERIPLAST, per'i-plast, _n._ the intercellular substance of an organ or
tissue of the body.--_adj._ PERIPLAST'IC.
PERIPLUS, per'i-plus, _n._ a circumnavigation. [Gr. _peri_, around,
_ploos_, _plous_, a voyage.]
PERIPTERY, pe-rip't[.e]r-i, _n._ (_archit._) a building surrounded by a
wing or row of columns.--_adjs._ PERIP'TERAL, having a periptery or range
of columns all round, said of a temple, &c.; PERIP'TEROUS, feathered on all
sides: peripteral. [Gr. _peripteros_--_peri_, about, _pteron_, a wing.]
PERIRHINAL, per-i-r[=i]'nal, _adj._ surrounding the nose.
PERISCII, pe-rish'i-[=i], _n.pl._ the people within the polar circle,
because their shadows, on some days in summer, move round in a complete
circle, owing to the fact that on those days the sun does not set.--_adj._
PERIS'CIAN. [Gr. _periskios_, throwing a shadow all round; _peri_, around,
_skia_, a shadow.]
PERISCOPE, per'i-sk[=o]p, _n._ an instrument like the altiscope, used in
directing submarine boats.--_adj._ PERISCOP'IC. [Gr. _peri_, about,
_skopein_, to see.]
PERISH, per'ish, _v.i._ to pass away completely: to waste away: to decay:
to lose life: to be destroyed: to be ruined or lost.--_ns._ PERISHABIL'ITY,
PER'ISHABLENESS, the quality of being liable to speedy decay or
destruction.--_adj._ PER'ISHABLE, that may perish: subject to speedy
decay.--_adv._ PER'ISHABLY.--_v.i._ PER'ISHEN (_Spens._), to perish. [O.
Fr. _perir_, pr.p. _perissant_--L. _per[=i]re_, to perish--_per_,
completely, _[=i]re_, to go.]
PERISPERM, per'i-sp[.e]rm, _n._ (_bot._) that which is round a seed, the
albumen.--_adj._ PERISPER'MIC. [Gr. _peri_, around, _sperma_, seed.]
PERISPHERIC, -AL, per-i-sfer'ik, -al, _adj._ globular.
PERISPORE, per'i-sp[=o]r, _n._ the outer covering of a spore.
PERISSAD, pe-ris'ad, _n._ (_chem._) an atom whose valency is represented by
an odd number--opp. to _Artiad_--also _adj._ [Gr. _perissos_, beyond the
regular number.]
PERISSODACTYLA, pe-ris-[=o]-dak'ti-la, _n._ one of the two divisions of the
great mammalian order Ungulata, including the horse, tapir, and rhinoceros,
distinguished by the third digit of each limb being symmetrical in itself,
by the presence of an odd number of digits on the hind-foot, &c.--opp. to
_Artiodactyla_.--_adjs._ PERISSODAC'TYL, PERISSODAC'TYLATE,
PERISSODACTYL'IC, PERISSODAC'TYLOUS. [Gr. _perissos_, beyond the regular
number, _daktylos_, a finger.]
PERISSOLOGY, per-i-sol'[=o]-ji, _n._ verbiage.--_adj._ PERISSOLOG'ICAL,
redundant in words.
PERISSOSYLLABIC, pe-ris-o-si-lab'ik, _adj._ having superfluous syllables.
PERISTALITH, pe-ris'ta-lith, _n._ a series of standing stones surrounding a
barrow or burial-mound. [Gr. _peri_, around, _histanai_, to stand,
_lithos_, a stone.]
PERISTALTIC, per-i-stalt'ik, _adj._ noting the involuntary muscular action
of the alimentary canal, by which it forces its contents onwards.--_n._
PERISTAL'SIS. [Gr. _peristaltikos_--_peristellein_, to wrap round--_peri_,
around, _stellein_, to place.]
PERISTEROPOD, p[=e]-ris'te-r[=o]-pod, _adj._ pigeon-toed--also _n._ [Gr.
_peristera_, a pigeon, _pous_, _podos_, a foot.]
PERISTOME, per'i-st[=o]m, _n._ the mouth-parts of echinoderms, &c.: the
fringe of hair-like appendages round the rim of the capsule of a moss.
PERISTYLE, per'i-st[=i]l, _n._ a range of columns round a building or round
a square: a court, square, &c., with columns all round.--_adj._
PERISTY'LAR. [L. _peristylium_--Gr. _peristylon_, with pillars round the
wall--_peri_, around, _stylos_, a column.]
PERITHORACIC, per-i-th[=o]-ras'ik, _adj._ around the thorax.
PERITOMOUS, pe-rit'[=o]-mus, _adj._ (_min._) cleaving in more directions
than one parallel to the axis, the faces being all similar. [Gr. _peri_,
round, _temnein_, to cut.]
PERITONEUM, PERITONÆUM, per-i-t[=o]-n[=e]'um, _n._ a serous membrane which
encloses all the viscera lying in the abdominal and pelvic
cavities.--_adjs._ PERITON[=E]'AL; PERITONIT'IC.--_n._ PERITON[=I]'TIS,
inflammation of the peritoneum. [Gr. _peritoneion_--_peri_, around,
_teinein_, to stretch.]
PERITYPHLITIS, per-i-tif-l[=i]'tis, _n._ inflammation of the cæcum,
appendix, and connective tissue, or of the peritoneum covering cæcum and
appendix. [Gr. _peri_, round, _typhlos_, blind (the cæcum being the 'blind
gut').]
PERIVASCULAR, per-i-vas'k[=u]-lar, _adj._ surrounding a vascular structure.
PERIVISCERAL, per-i-vis'e-ral, _adj._ surrounding viscera.
PERIWIG, per'i-wig, _n._ a peruke or small wig, usually shortened to _Wig_:
an artificial head of hair.--_v.t._ to dress with a periwig.--_adj._
PER'IWIG-P[=A]'TED, wearing a periwig. [Old Dut. _peruyk_--Fr. _perruque_.]
PERIWINKLE, per'i-wingk-l, _n._ a creeping evergreen plant, growing in
woods. [M. E. _peruenke_, through A.S. _peruincæ_, from L. _pervinca_,
_vinc[=i]re_, to bind.]
PERIWINKLE, per'i-wingk-l, _n._ a small univalve mollusc: a small
shellfish, abundant between tide-marks on the rocks, boiled and eaten as
food. [Corrupted by confusion with preceding from A.S.
_pinewincla_--_wincle_, a whelk; prov. Eng. _pin-patch_.]
PERJURE, p[.e]r'j[=oo]r, _v.t._ to swear falsely (followed by a reciprocal
pronoun): to cause to swear falsely.--_v.i._ to be false to one's
oath.--_n._ (_Shak._) a perjured person.--_adj._ PER'JURED, having sworn
falsely: being sworn falsely, as an oath.--_n._ PER'JURER.--_adjs._
PERJU'RIOUS, PER'JUROUS, guilty of perjury.--_n._ PER'JURY, false swearing:
the breaking of an oath: (_law_) the crime committed by one who, when
giving evidence on oath as a witness in a court of justice, gives evidence
which he knows to be false. [Fr.,--L. _perjur[=a]re_--_per-_, _jur[=a]re_,
to swear.]
PERK, p[.e]rk, _adj._ trim: spruce: jaunty: proud.--_v.t._ to make smart or
trim.--_v.i._ to hold up the head with smartness: to toss or jerk the
head.--_adj._ PERK'Y (_Tenn._), perk, trim. [W. _perc_, trim.]
PERK, p[.e]rk, _v.i._ (_prov._) to peer.--_adj._ PERK'ING, peering,
inquisitive.
PERKIN, per'kin, _n._ weak perry.
PERLACEOUS=_Pearlaceous_. See PEARL.
PERLITE, p[.e]r'l[=i]t, _n._ the name given to some vitreous rocks, as
obsidian, which seem as if made up of little pearly or enamel-like
spheroids.--_adj._ PERLIT'IC.
PERLOUS, p[.e]rl'us, _adj._ (_Spens._). Same as PERILOUS.
PERLUSTRATE, per-lus'tr[=a]t, _v.t._ to survey carefully.--_n._
PERLUSTR[=A]'TION. [L. _perlustr[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_.]
PERMANENT, p[.e]r'ma-nent, _adj._ lasting: durable: not subject to change:
not to be removed: (_zool._) always present.--_ns._ PER'MANENCE,
PER'MANENCY, state or quality of being permanent: continuance in the same
state, position, &c.: unlikelihood of change: duration.--_adv._
PER'MANENTLY.--PERMANENT WAY, the finished road of a railway. [Fr.,--L.
_perman[=e]re_--_per_, through, _man[=e]re_, to continue.]
PERMANGANATE, per-man'gan-[=a]t, _n._ a salt containing manganese.--_adj._
PERMANGAN'IC.
PERMEATE, p[.e]r'm[=e]-[=a]t, _v.t._ to pass through the pores of: to
penetrate and fill the pores of.--_n._ PERM[=E]ABIL'ITY.--_adj._
PER'M[=E]ABLE, that may be permeated or passed through: allowing the
passage of liquids.--_adv._ PER'M[=E]ABLY.--_n._ PERM[=E][=A]'TION, act of
permeating, or state of being permeated.--_adj._ PERM[=E][=A]'TIVE. [L.
_permeatus_--_per_, through, _me[=a]re_, to pass.]
PERMIAN, per'mi-an, _n._ a group of strata forming the uppermost division
of the Palezoic series.
PERMISCIBLE, per-mis'i-bl, _adj._ capable of being mixed.
PERMIT, per-mit', _v.t._ to give leave to: to allow to be or to be done: to
afford means: to give opportunity:--_pr.p._ permit'ting; _pa.t._ and
_pa.p._ permit'ted.--_n._ (per'mit) a written permission, esp. from a
custom-house officer to remove goods.--_n._ PERMISSIBIL'ITY.--_adj._
PERMISS'IBLE, that may be permitted: allowable.--_adv._ PERMISS'IBLY.--_n._
PERMIS'SION, act of permitting: liberty granted: allowance.--_adj._
PERMISS'IVE, granting permission or liberty: allowing: granted: not
hindered.--_adv._ PERMISS'IVELY, by permission, without prohibition.--_ns._
PERMIT'TANCE, permission; PERMITT[=EE]', one to whom permission is granted;
PERMIT'TER, one who permits.--PERMISSIVE BILL, a measure embodying the
principles of local option for the regulation of the liquor traffic;
PERMISSIVE LAWS, laws that permit certain things without enforcing
anything. [L. _permitt[)e]re_, _-missum_, to let pass through--_per_,
through, _mitt[)e]re_, to send.]
PERMUTABLE, per-m[=u]'ta-bl, _adj._ that may be changed one for
another.--_ns._ PERM[=U]'TABLENESS, PERMUTABIL'ITY.--_adv._
PERM[=U]'TABLY.--_ns._ PERM[=U]'TANT; PERMUT[=A]'TION, act of changing one
thing for another: (_math._) the arrangement of things or letters in every
possible order.--_v.t._ PERMUTE'. [L.,--_permut[=a]re_--_per_, through,
_mut[=a]re_, to change.]
PERN, p[.e]rn, _n._ a honey-buzzard.--Also PER'NIS.
PERNICIOUS, per-nish'us, _adj._ killing utterly: hurtful: destructive:
highly injurious.--_adv._ PERNI'CIOUSLY.--_n._ PERNI'CIOUSNESS. [Fr.,--L.
_perniciosus_--_per_, completely, _nex_, _necis_, death by violence.]
PERNICKETY, per-nik'e-ti, _adj._ easily troubled about trifles: (_coll._)
fastidious.--_n._ PERNICK'ETINESS.
PERNOCTATION, p[.e]r-nok-t[=a]'shun, _n._ act of passing the whole night,
esp. in prayer or watching: a watch all night. [L. _per_, through, _nox_,
_noctis_, night.]
PERONE, per'[=o]-n[=e], _n._ the fibula or small bone of the leg.--_adjs._
PER[=O]N[=E]'AL; PER[=O]N[=E][=O]TIB'IAL, pertaining to the perone and the
tibia.--_n._ a muscle from the fibula to the tibia in some marsupials: an
anomalous muscle in man, constant in apes, between the inner side of the
head of the fibula and the tibia.--_n._ PERON[=E]'US, one of several
fibular muscles. [Fr.,--Gr. _peron[=e]_, the tongue of a buckle.]
PEROPOD, p[=e]'r[=o]-pod, _adj._ having rudimentary hind limbs, as
serpents--also _n._ [Gr. _p[=e]ros_, maimed, _pous_, _podos_, a foot.]
PERORATION, per-[=o]-r[=a]'shun, _n._ the conclusion of a speech, usually
summing up the points and enforcing the argument.--_v.i._ PER'ORATE, to
make a peroration: (_coll._) to make a speech. [Fr.,--L.
_peroratio_--_peror[=a]re_, to bring a speech to an end--_per_, through,
_or[=a]re_, to speak--_os_, _oris_, the mouth.]
PEROXIDE, per-ox'[=i]d, _n._ an oxide having a larger proportion of oxygen
than any other oxide of the same series.--_n._ PEROXID[=A]'TION.--_v.t._
and _v.i._ PEROX'IDISE.
PERPEND, per-pend', _v.t._ to weigh in the mind, to consider carefully. [L.
_perpend[)e]re_--_per_, inten., _pend[)e]re_, to weigh.]
PERPEND, per'pend, _n._ in building, a bond-stone or bonder.--Also
PER'PEND-STONE, PER'PENT-STONE. [O. Fr. _parpaigne_, Fr. _parpaing_.]
PERPENDICULAR, p[.e]r-pen-dik'[=u]-lar, _adj._ exactly upright: extending
in a straight line toward the centre of the earth: (_geom._) at right
angles to a given line or surface.--_n._ a perpendicular line or
plane.--_n._ PERPENDICULAR'ITY, state of being perpendicular.--_adv._
PERPENDIC'ULARLY.--PERPENDICULAR STYLE, a style of Gothic architecture in
England which succeeded the Decorated style, prevailing from the end of the
14th to the middle of the 16th century, contemporary with the Flamboyant
style in France, marked by stiff and rectilinear lines, mostly vertical
window-tracery, depressed or four-centre arch, fan-tracery vaulting, and
panelled walls. [Fr.,--L. _perpendicularis_--_perpendiculum_, a
plumb-line--_per_, through, _pend[)e]re_, to weigh.]
PERPETRATE, p[.e]r'p[=e]-tr[=a]t, _v.t._ to perform or commit (usually in a
bad sense): to produce (as a poor pun).--_adj._ PER'PETRABLE.--_ns._
PERPETR[=A]'TION, act of committing a crime: the thing perpetrated: an evil
action; PER'PETR[=A]TOR. [L. _perpetr[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_per_,
thoroughly, _patr[=a]re_, to perform.]
PERPETUAL, per-pet'[=u]-al, _adj._ never ceasing: everlasting: not
temporary.--_adv._ PERPET'UALLY.--PERPETUAL CURATE, a curate of a parish
where there was neither rector nor vicar, the tithes being in the hands of
a layman--abolished in 1868, every incumbent not a rector now being a
vicar; PERPETUAL MOTION, motion of a machine arising from forces within
itself, constantly kept up without any force from without; PERPETUAL SCREW,
an endless screw. [Fr. _perpétuel_--L. _perpetuus_, continuous.]
PERPETUATE, per-pet'[=u]-[=a]t, _v.t._ to make perpetual: to cause to last
for ever or for a very long time: to preserve from extinction or
oblivion.--_adj._ PERPET'[=U]ABLE, capable of being perpetuated.--_n._
PERPET'UANCE, the act of making perpetual.--_adjs._ PERPET'U[=A]TE, -D,
made perpetual: continued for an indefinite time.--_n._ PERPETU[=A]'TION,
act of perpetuating or preserving from oblivion: preservation for ever, or
for a very long time; PERPET[=U]'ITY, state of being perpetual: endless
time: duration for an indefinite period: something lasting for ever: the
sum paid for a perpetual annuity: the annuity itself.
PERPLEX, per-pleks', _v.t._ to make difficult to be understood: to
embarrass: to puzzle: to tease with suspense or doubt.--_n._ (_obs._) a
difficulty.--_adv._ PERPLEX'EDLY.--_n._ PERPLEX'EDNESS.--_adj._
PERPLEX'ING.--_adv._ PERPLEX'INGLY.--_n._ PERPLEX'ITY, state of being
perplexed: confusion of mind arising from doubt, &c.: intricacy:
embarrassment: doubt. [Fr.,--L. _perplexus_, entangled--_per_, completely,
_plexus_, involved, pa.p. of _plect[)e]re_.]
PERQUISITE, p[.e]r'kwi-zit, _n._ an allowance granted over and above the
settled wages: a fee allowed by law to an officer for a specific
service.--_ns._ PERQUISI'TION, a strict search: diligent inquiry;
PERQUIS'ITOR, the first purchaser of an estate. [L. _perquisitum_, from
_perquir[)e]re_--_per_, thoroughly, _quær[)e]re_, to ask.]
PERRADIAL, p[.e]r-r[=a]'di-al, _adj._ fundamentally radial.--_n._
PERR[=A]'DIUS.
PERRIER, per'i-[.e]r, _n._ a machine for hurling stones.
PERRON, per'on, _n._ an external flight of steps giving access to the
entrance-door of a building.
PERRUQUE, PERRUQUIER. See PERUKE.
PERRY, per'i, _n._ an agreeable beverage made by fermenting the juice of
pears. [Fr. _poiré_, from _poire_, a pear--L. _pirum_.]
PERSANT, p[.e]rs'ant, _adj._ (_Spens._). Same as PERCEANT.
PERSCRUTATION, per-skr[=oo]-t[=a]'shun, _n._ a thorough search through: a
minute inquiry. [L. _per_, through, _scrut[=a]ri_, to search carefully.]
PERSE, pers, _adj._ dark blue, bluish-gray.--_n._ a dark-blue colour, a
cloth of such colour. [O. Fr. _pers_--L. _persicum_, a peach.]
PERSECUTE, p[.e]r'se-k[=u]t, _v.t._ to pursue so as to injure or annoy: to
follow after persistently: to annoy or punish, esp. for religious or
political opinions.--_ns._ PERSEC[=U]'TION, act or practice of persecuting:
state of being persecuted: a time of general oppression on account of
religious opinions; PER'SEC[=U]TOR:--_fem._ PER'SEC[=U]TRIX. [Fr.,--L.
_persequi_, _persecutus_--_per_, thoroughly, _sequi_, to follow.]
PERSEUS, per's[=u]s, _n._ a fabled Greek hero, who slew the Gorgon Medusa,
and rescued Andromeda from a sea-monster: a constellation in the northern
sky. [Gr.]
PERSEVERE, p[.e]r-s[=e]-v[=e]r', _v.i._ to persist in anything: to pursue
anything steadily: to be constant: not to give over.--_n._
PERSEV[=E]'RANCE, act or state of persevering: continued application to
anything which one has begun: a going on till success is met with.--_adj._
PERSEV[=E]'RING.--_adv._ PERSEV[=E]'RINGLY.--PERSEVERANCE OF SAINTS, the
Calvinistic doctrine that those who are effectually called by God cannot
fall away so as to be finally lost. [Fr.,--L.
_persever[=a]re_--_perseverus_, very strict--_per_, very, _severus_,
strict.]
PERSIAN, p[.e]r'shi-an, _adj._ of, from, or relating to _Persia_, its
inhabitants, or language.--_n._ a native of Persia: the language of Persia:
(_archit._) male figures used instead of columns to support an
entablature--also PER'SIC.--PERSIAN APPLE, the peach; PERSIAN BERRY, the
fruit of several buckthorns; PERSIAN BLINDS (see PERSIENNE); PERSIAN WHEEL,
a large wheel for raising water, fixed vertically with a number of buckets
at its circumference.
PERSICOT, per'si-kot, _n._ a cordial flavoured with kernels of peaches and
apricots. [Fr.,--L. _persicum_, a peach.]
PERSIENNE, per-si-en', _n._ an Eastern cambric or muslin with coloured
printed pattern: (_pl._) Persian blinds, outside shutters of thin movable
slats in a frame.
PERSIFLAGE, p[.e]r'si-fläzh, _n._ a frivolous way of talking or treating
any subject: banter.--_adj._ PER'SIFLANT, bantering.--_v.i._ PER'SIFL[=A]TE
(_Thackeray_).--_n._ PER'SIFLOUR (_Carlyle_). [Fr.,--_persifler_, to
banter--L. _per_, through, Fr. _siffler_--L. _sibil[=a]re_, to whistle, to
hiss.]
PERSIMMON, PERSIMON, per-sim'on, _n._ the American date-plum. [Amer. Ind.]
PERSIST, per-sist', _v.i._ to stand throughout to something begun: to
continue in any course, esp. against opposition: to persevere.--_ns._
PERSIS'TENCE, PERSIS'TENCY, quality of being persistent: perseverance:
obstinacy: duration, esp. of an effect after the exciting cause has been
removed.--_adj._ PERSIS'TENT, persisting: pushing on, esp. against
opposition: tenacious: fixed: (_bot._) remaining till or after the fruit is
ripe, as a calyx.--_advs._ PERSIS'TENTLY; PERSIS'TINGLY.--_adj._
PERSIS'TIVE (_Shak._), persistent. [Fr.,--L. _persist[)e]re_--_per_,
through, _sist[)e]re_, to cause to stand--_st[=a]re_, to stand.]
PERSON, p[.e]r'sun, _n._ character represented, as on the stage: character:
an individual, sometimes used slightingly: a living soul: a human being:
the outward appearance, &c.: bodily form: one of the three hypostases or
individualities in the triune God: (_gram._) a distinction in form,
according as the subject of the verb is the person speaking, spoken to, or
spoken of.--_adj._ PER'SONABLE, having a well-formed body or person: of
good appearance.--_n._ PER'SON[=A]GE, a person: character represented: an
individual of eminence: external appearance.--_adj._ PER'SONAL, belonging
to a person: having the nature or quality of a person: peculiar to a person
or to his private concerns: pertaining to the external appearance: done in
person: relating to one's own self: applied offensively to one's character:
(_gram._) denoting the person.--_n._ PERSONALIS[=A]'TION,
personification.--_v.t._ PER'SONALISE, to make personal.--_ns._
PER'SONALISM, the character of being personal; PER'SONALIST, one who writes
personal notes; PERSONAL'ITY, that which distinguishes a person from a
thing, or one person from another: individuality: a derogatory remark or
reflection directly applied to a person--esp. in _pl._
PERSONAL'ITIES.--_adv._ PER'SONALLY, in a personal or direct manner: in
person: individually.--_n._ PER'SONALTY (_law_), all the property which,
when a man dies, goes to his executor or administrator, as distinguished
from the realty, which goes to his heir-at-law.--_v.t._ PER'SON[=A]TE, to
assume the likeness or character of: to represent: to counterfeit: to
feign.--_adj._ (_bot._) mask-like, as in the corollary of the snapdragon:
larval, cucullate.--_adj._ PER'SON[=A]TED, impersonated, feigned,
assumed.--_ns._ PERSON[=A]'TION; PER'SON[=A]TOR.--_n._
PERSONIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ PER'SONISE, to personify.--_n._ PERSONNEL', the
persons employed in any service, as distinguished from the
materiel.--PERSONAL ESTATE, PROPERTY, movable goods or property, as
distinguished from freehold or real property, esp. in land; PERSONAL
EXCEPTION (_Scots law_), a ground of objection which applies to an
individual and prevents him from doing something which, but for his conduct
or situation, he might do; PERSONAL IDENTITY, the continued sameness of the
individual person, through all changes both without and within, as
testified by consciousness; PERSONAL RIGHTS, rights which belong to the
person as a living, reasonable being; PERSONAL SECURITY, security or pledge
given by a person, as distinguished from the delivery of some object of
value as security; PERSONAL SERVICE, delivery of a message or an order into
a person's hands, as distinguished from delivery in any other indirect way;
PERSONAL TRANSACTION, something done by a person's own effort, not through
the agency of another.--IN PERSON, by one's self, not by a representative.
[Fr.,--L. _pers[=o]na_, a player's mask, perh. from _pers[)o]n[=a]re_,
_-[=a]tum_--_per_, through, _son[=a]re_, to sound.]
PERSONA, p[.e]r-s[=o]'na, _n._ a person.--PERSONA GRATA, a person who is
acceptable to those to whom he is sent.--DRAMATIS PERSONÆ, the characters
in a play or story. [L.]
PERSONIFY, per-son'i-f[=i], _v.t._ (_rhet._) to treat, look on, or describe
as a person: to ascribe to any inanimate object the qualities of a person:
to be the embodiment of:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ person'if[=i]ed.--_n._
PERSONIFIC[=A]'TION. [L. _persona_, a person, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]
PERSPECTIVE, per-spek'tiv, _n._ a view or a vista: the art of drawing
objects on a plane surface, so as to give the picture the same appearance
to the eye as the objects themselves: just proportion in all the parts: a
telescope or field-glass: a picture in perspective.--_adj._ pertaining or
according to perspective.--_adv._ PERSPEC'TIVELY.--_ns._ PERSPEC'TOGRAPH,
an instrument for indicating correctly the points and outlines of objects;
PERSPECTOG'RAPHY, the science of perspective, or of delineating
it.--PERSPECTIVE PLANE, the surface on which the picture of the objects to
be represented in perspective is drawn.--IN PERSPECTIVE, according to the
laws of perspective. [Fr.,--L. _perspic[)e]re_, _perspectum_--_per_,
through, _spec[)e]re_, to look.]
PERSPICACIOUS, p[.e]r-spi-k[=a]'shus, _adj._ of clear or acute
understanding: quick-sighted.--_adv._ PERSPIC[=A]'CIOUSLY.--_ns._
PERSPIC[=A]'CIOUSNESS; PERSPICAC'ITY, state of being acute in discerning:
keenness of sight or of understanding; PERSPIC[=U]'ITY, state of being
perspicacious: clearness in expressing ideas so as to make them easily
understood by others: freedom from obscurity.--_adj._ PERSPIC'[=U]OUS, that
can be seen through: clear to the mind: easily understood: not obscure in
any way: evident.--_adv._ PERSPIC'[=U]OUSLY.--_n._ PERSPIC'[=U]OUSNESS. [L.
_perspicax_, _perspicacis_--_perspic[)e]re_, to see through.]
PERSPIRE, per-sp[=i]r', _v.i._ and _v.t._ to emit or to be emitted, as
moisture, through the pores of the skin: to sweat.--_n._
PERSPIRABIL'ITY.--_adj._ PERSP[=I]R'ABLE, capable of being
perspired.--_v.i._ PER'SPIR[=A]TE (_rare_), to sweat.--_n._
PERSPIR[=A]'TION, act of perspiring: that which is perspired: moisture
given out through the pores of the skin: sweat.--_adj._ PERSP[=I]R'ATORY,
pertaining to or causing perspiration. [L. _perspir[=a]re_,
_-[=a]tum_--_per_, through, _spir[=a]re_, to breathe.]
PERSTRINGE, p[.e]r-strinj', _v.t._ to criticise.
PERSUADE, per-sw[=a]d', _v.t._ to influence successfully by argument,
advice, &c.: to bring to any particular opinion: to cause to believe: to
convince.--_adj._ PERSUAD'ABLE.--_n._ PERSUAD'ER.--_adj._ PERSU[=A]'SIBLE,
capable of being persuaded.--_ns._ PERSU[=A]'SIBLENESS, PERSUASIBIL'ITY;
PERSU[=A]'SION, act of persuading: state of being persuaded: settled
opinion: a creed: a party adhering to a creed: (_Spens._) an
inducement.--_adjs._ PERSU[=A]'SIVE, PERSU[=A]'SORY, having the power to
persuade: influencing the mind or passions.--_n._ that which persuades or
wins over.--_adv._ PERSU[=A]'SIVELY.--_n._ PERSU[=A]'SIVENESS. [Fr.,--L.
_persuad[=e]re_, _-suasum_--_per_, thoroughly, _suad[=e]re_, to advise.]
PERSUE, p[.e]rs'[=u], _n._ (_Spens._) a track.
PERSULPHATE, p[.e]r-sul'f[=a]t, _n._ that sulphate of a metal which
contains the relatively greater quantity of acid.
PERT, p[.e]rt, _adj._ (_obs._) open: evident: plain. [O. Fr. _apert_--L.
_aper[=i]re_, _apertum_, to open.]
PERT, p[.e]rt, _adj._ forward: saucy: impertinent: too free in speech:
(_obs._) clever.--_n._ an impudent person.--_adv._ PERT'LY.--_n._
PERT'NESS. [_Perk_.]
PERTAIN, per-t[=a]n', _v.i._ to belong: to relate (with _to_).--_ns._
PER'TINENCE, PER'TINENCY, state of being pertinent or to the point: fitness
for the matter on hand: suitableness: appositeness.--_adj._ PER'TINENT,
pertaining or related to a subject: being to the point: fitted for the
matter on hand: fitting or appropriate: suitable: apposite.--_adv._
PER'TINENTLY.--_n._ PER'TINENTNESS. [O. Fr. _partenir_--L.
_pertin[=e]re_--_per_, thoroughly, _ten[=e]re_, to hold.]
PERTINACIOUS, p[.e]r-ti-n[=a]'shus, _adj._ thoroughly tenacious: holding
obstinately to an opinion or a purpose: obstinate: unyielding.--_adv._
PERTIN[=A]'CIOUSLY.--_ns._ PERTIN[=A]'CIOUSNESS; PERTINAC'ITY, quality of
being pertinacious or unyielding: obstinacy: resoluteness. [Fr.,--L.
_pertinax_, _-acis_, holding fast--_per_, thoroughly, _tenax_,
tenacious--_ten[=e]re_, to hold.]
PERTURB, per-turb', _v.t._ to disturb greatly: to agitate--also
PER'TURBATE.--_adj._ PERTUR'BABLE, that can be agitated or confused.--_ns._
PERTUR'BANCE, PERTURB[=A]'TION, act of perturbing or state of being
perturbed: disquiet of mind: irregular action, esp. (_astron._) the
disturbance produced in the simple elliptic motion of one heavenly body
about another by the action of a third body, or by the non-sphericity of
the principal body; PERTUR'BANT, any disturbing thing.--_adjs._
PERTURB[=A]'TIONAL; PERTUR'BATIVE.--_n._ PERTUR'BATORY, the power of
deflecting the divining-rod by magnetic influence.--_p.adj._
PERTURBED'.--_adv._ PERTURB'EDLY.--_ns._ PERTUR'BER,
PERTURB[=A]'TOR:--_fem._ PER'TURB[=A]TRIX. [Fr.,--L. _perturb[=a]re_,
_-[=a]tum_--_per_, thoroughly, _turb[=a]re_, to disturb--_turba_, a crowd.]
PERTUSION, p[.e]r-t[=u]'zhon, _n._ a hole made by a sharp
instrument.--_adjs._ PERT[=U]'SATE, pierced at the apex; PERTUSE', -D,
pierced with holes. [L. _pertund[)e]re_, _-tusum_--_per_, through,
_tund[)e]re_, to strike.]
PERTUSSIS, per-tus'is, _n._ whooping-cough.--_adj._ PERTUSS'AL.
PERUKE, per-[=u]k', or per'[=u]k, _n._ an artificial cap of hair: a
periwig--also PERRUQUE.--_adj._ PERUQU[=E]R'IAN, of or pertaining to the
making of wigs.--_n._ PERRU'QUIER, a wigmaker. [Fr. _perruque_--It.
_parrucca_ (Sp. _peluca_)--L. _pilus_, hair.]
PERUSE, per-[=u]z', or per-[=oo]z', _v.t._ to read attentively: to examine
carefully or in detail.--_ns._ PERUSAL (per-[=u]z'al, or per-[=oo]z'al),
the act of perusing: careful examination: study: reading; PERUS'ER. [Formed
from L. _per_, thoroughly, _uti_, _usum_, to use.]
PERUVIAN, per-[=oo]'vi-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Peru_ in South
America.--_n._ a native of Peru.--PERUVIAN BALSAM, a fragrant bitterish
liquid yielded by a South American tree, used for asthma and in making
soaps; PERUVIAN BARK, cinchona (q.v.).
PERVADE, per-v[=a]d', _v.t._ to go through or penetrate: to spread all
over.--_n._ PERV[=A]'SION.--_adj._ PERV[=A]'SIVE, tending or having power
to pervade. [L. _pervad[)e]re_, _pervasum_--_per_, through, _vad[)e]re_, to
go.]
PERVERSE, per-v[.e]rs', _adj._ turned aside: obstinate in the wrong:
stubborn: vexatious.--_adv._ PERVERSE'LY.--_ns._ PERVERSE'NESS,
PERVER'SITY, state or quality of being perverse: inclination to oppose:
wickedness.--_adj._ PERVER'SIVE, tending to pervert. [L. _perversus_,
turned the wrong way.]
PERVERT, per-v[.e]rt', _v.t._ to turn wrong or from the right course: to
change from its true use: to corrupt: to turn from truth or virtue.--_v.i._
to go wrong or out of the right course.--_n._ (per'vert) one who has
changed from a former position: an apostate.--_ns._ PERVER'SION, the act of
perverting: a diverting from the true object: a turning from truth or
propriety: misapplication; PERVERT'ER.--_adj._ PERVERT'IBLE, able to be
perverted. [Fr. _pervertir_--L. _pervert[)e]re_--_per_, thoroughly,
_vert[)e]re_, _versum_, to turn.]
PERVEYAUNCE. Same as PURVEYANCE.
PERVICACIOUS, per-vi-k[=a]'shus, _adj._ very obstinate.--_ns._
PERVIC[=A]'CIOUSNESS, PERVICAC'ITY.
PERVIOUS, p[.e]r'vi-us, _adj._ permeable, penetrable: open,
perforate.--_adv._ PER'VIOUSLY.--_n._ PER'VIOUSNESS. [L. _pervius_--_per_,
through, _via_, a way.]
PESADE, pe-z[=a]d', _n._ the act or position of a saddle-horse in rearing.
[Fr.]
PESETA, pe-s[=a]'ta, _n._ a silver coin of Spain worth 9½d. [Sp., dim. of
_pesa_, weight.]
PESHITO, pe-sh[=e]'to, _n._ a translation of the Bible into Syriac, made in
the second century.--Also PESHIT'TO. [Syriac, _p[)e]shittá_, the simple.]
PESHWA, pesh'wa, _n._ a chief or prince of the Mahrattas.--Also PEISH'WAH.
PESKY, pes'ki, _adj._ annoying.--_adv._ PES'KILY.
PESO, p[=a]'so, _n._ a Spanish dollar. [Sp.,--L. _pensum_, _pend[)e]re_, to
weigh.]
PESSARY, pes'a-ri, _n._ an instrument worn in the vagina to remedy
displacement of the womb. [Fr. _pessaire_--Low L. _pessarium_--Gr.
_pessos_, a pebble.]
PESSIMISM, pes'i-mizm, _n._ the doctrine that on the whole the world is bad
rather than good: a temper of mind that looks too much on the dark side of
things: a depressing view of life.--_v.i._ PESS'IMISE.--_n._ PESS'IMIST,
one who believes that everything is tending to the worst: one who looks too
much on the dark side of things--opp. to _Optimist_.--_adjs._ PESSIMIS'TIC,
-AL. [L. _pessimus_, worst.]
PEST, pest, _n._ a deadly disease: a plague: anything destructive: a
troublesome person.--_n._ PEST'HOUSE, a hospital for persons afflicted with
any contagious disease.--_adj._ PESTIF'EROUS, contagious: pestilent:
annoying.--_adv._ PESTIF'EROUSLY.--_n._ PEST'ILENCE, any contagious deadly
disease: anything that is hurtful to the morals.--_adjs._ PEST'ILENT,
producing pestilence: hurtful to health and life: mischievous: corrupt:
troublesome; PESTILEN'TIAL, of the nature of pestilence: producing
pestilence: destructive.--_advs._ PESTILEN'TIALLY, PEST'ILENTLY. [Fr.
_peste_--L. _pestis_, a contagious disease.]
PESTALOZZIAN, pes-ta-lot'si-an, _adj._ pertaining to graduated
object-teaching as originated by Johann Heinrich _Pestalozzi_ (1745-1827).
PESTER, pes't[.e]r, _v.t._ to disturb, to annoy.--_n._ a bother.--_n._
PES'TERER, one who pesters.--_adv._ PES'TERINGLY.--_n._ PES'TERMENT,
annoyance. [Short for _impester_, O. Fr. _empestrer_ (Fr. _empêtrer_), to
entangle, from _in_, in, Low L. _pastorium_, a foot-shackle--L. _pastus_,
pa.p. of _pasc[)e]re_, to feed.]
PESTLE, pes'l, or pest'l, _n._ an instrument for pounding anything in a
mortar.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ to pound with a pestle: to use a pestle. [O. Fr.
_pestel_--L. _pistillum_, a pounder, _pins[)e]re_, _pistum_, to pound.]
PET, pet, _n._ any animal tame and fondled: a word of endearment often used
to young children: a favourite child: a wilful young woman--also
PEAT.--_adj._ indulged: cherished: favourite.--_v.t._ to treat as a pet: to
fondle:--_pr.p._ pet'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pet'ted. [Celt., as Ir.
_peat_, Gael. _peata_.]
PET, pet, _n._ a sudden fit of peevishness or slight passion:
ill-humour.--_v.i._ to be peevish, to sulk. [From the above word.]
[Illustration]
PETAL, pet'al, _n._ a flower-leaf: a corolla leaf.--_adjs._ PET'ALED,
PET'ALIFORM, PET'ALOUS, having petals or flower-leaves; PET'ALINE,
pertaining to or resembling a petal: attached to a petal.--_n._ PET'ALISM,
a method of ostracism practised in ancient Syracuse, the name being written
on an olive-leaf.--_adj._ PET'ALOID, having the form of a petal--also
PETALOI'DEOUS. [Gr. _petalon_, a leaf.]
PETARD, p[=e]-tärd', _n._ a kind of mortar filled with gunpowder, fixed to
gates, barriers, &c., to break them down by explosion--(_Shak._) PETAR': a
paper bomb in pyrotechny.--_ns._ PETARDEER', PETARDIER'.--HOIST WITH ONE'S
OWN PETARD (see HOIST). [O. Fr.--_péter_, to crack or explode--L.
_ped[)e]re_, cog. with Gr. _perdein_, Eng. _fart_.]
PETARY, p[=e]'tar-i, _n._ a peat-bog.
PETASUS, pet'a-sus, _n._ a low broad-brimmed hat worn by heralds, &c.,
characteristic of Hermes. [Gr.]
PETAURIST, pe-taw'rist, _n._ a flying opossum, Australian squirrel,
&c.--_adj._ PETAU'RINE. [Gr.]
PETCHARY, pech'a-ri, _n._ the gray king-bird.
PETECHIÆ, p[=e]-tek'i-[=e], _n.pl._ purple spots on the skin.--_adj._
PETECH'IAL. [L. _petigo_, a scab.]
PETER, p[=e]'t[.e]r, _v.i._ in mining, to become exhausted (with _out_):
(_fig._) to lose power or value.
PETER, p[=e]'t[.e]r, _v.i._ to call for trumps at whist, by throwing away a
higher card of a suit while holding a smaller.--_n._ this signal for
trumps.
PETEREL. Same as PETREL.
PETERSHAM, p[=e]'t[.e]r-sham, _n._ a heavy greatcoat, also the rough-napped
cloth, generally dark blue, of which it is made. [From Lord _Petersham_.]
PETER'S-PENCE. See PENNY.
PETIOLE, pet'i-[=o]l, _n._ the stalk which joins a leaf to the twig or
branch: a footstalk--also PET[=I]'OLUS.--_adjs._ PET'IOLAR, -Y, pertaining
to, or growing upon, a petiole; PET'IOL[=A]TE, -D, PET'IOLED, growing on a
petiole.--_n._ PET'IOLULE, a little or partial petiole. [Fr.,--L.
_petiolus_, a little foot--_pes_, _pedis_, a foot.]
PETIT, pet'i, _adj._ small:--_fem._ PETITE (pe-t[=e]t').--_n._
PET'IT-MAÎ'TRE, a dandy, a coxcomb generally. [Fr.]
PETITION, p[=e]-tish'un, _n._ a request generally from an inferior to a
superior: a written request presented to a court of law, or to a body of
legislators: a prayer: a supplication.--_v.t._ to present a petition to: to
ask as a favour: to supplicate.--_adj._ PETIT'IONARY, offering or
containing a petition: supplicatory.--_ns._ PETIT'IONER, one who offers a
petition or prayer; PETIT'IONING, the act of presenting a petition:
entreaty: solicitation; PETIT'IONIST.--_adj._ PET'ITORY,
petitioning.--PETITIO PRINCIPII, the fallacy of begging the question--a
taking for granted in argument of that which has yet to be proved.
[Fr.,--L. _petitio_--_pet[)e]re_, _petitum_, to ask.]
PETRARY, pe-tr[=a]'ri, _n._ an engine for hurling stones.
PETRE. Same as SALTPETRE.
PETREAN, p[=e]-tr[=e]'an, _adj._ pertaining to rock. [L. _petræus_--Gr.
_petraios_--_petra_, a rock.]
PETREL, pet'rel, _n._ a long-winged dusky sea-bird, rarely landing except
to lay its eggs, esp. the STORMY PETREL, called by sailors 'Mother Carey's
Chickens,' scarcely larger than a lark, the smallest web-footed bird known.
[Fr.; from Matt. xiv. 29.]
PETRIFY, pet'ri-f[=i], _v.t._ to turn into stone: to make hard like a
stone: to fix in amazement.--_v.i._ to become stone, or hard like
stone:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pet'rified.--_n._ PETRES'CENCE.--_adjs._
PETRES'CENT, growing into or becoming stone; PETRIC'OLOUS, inhabiting
rocks.--_n._ PETRIFAC'TION, the act of turning into stone: the state of
being turned into stone: that which is made stone: a fossil.--_adjs._
PETRIFAC'TIVE, PETRIF'IC, changing animal or vegetable substances into
stone; PET'RIF[=I]ABLE.--_ns._ PETROG'ENY, the science of the origin of
rocks; PET'ROGLYPH, a rock-carving.--_adj._ PETROGLYPH'IC.--_ns._
PETROG'LYPHY, the art of writing on rocks or stones; PETROG'RAPHER, a
student of petrography.--_adjs._ PETROGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_adv._
PETROGRAPH'ICALLY.--_n._ PETROG'RAPHY, the study of rocks:
petrology.--_adj._ PETROLOG'ICAL.--_adv._ PETROLOG'ICALLY.--_ns._
PETROL'OGIST; PETROL'OGY, the science of the composition and classification
of rocks.--_adjs._ PETR[=O]'SAL, of great hardness: petrous; P[=E]'TROUS,
like stone: hard: rocky. [L. _petra_--Gr. _petra_, rock, L. _fac[)e]re_,
_factum_, to make.]
PETRINE, p[=e]'trin, _adj._ pertaining to, or written by, the Apostle
_Peter_.--_n._ P[=E]'TRINISM, the Tübingen theory of F. C. Baur (1792-1860)
and his school, of a doctrinal trend in primitive Christianity towards
Judaism, ascribed to Peter and his party in opposition to _Paulinism_. [L.
_Petrinus_--_Petrus_, Peter.]
PETROLEUM, p[=e]-tr[=o]'l[=e]-um, _n._ a liquid inflammable substance
issuing or pumped up from the earth in various parts of the world.--_ns._
PET'ROL, a spirit obtained from petroleum; PETROLEUR (p[=a]-tro-l[=a]r'),
one of those Parisians who, with the help of petroleum, set fire to many of
the public buildings of Paris in May 1871: an incendiary:--_fem._
PETROLEUSE'.--_adj._ PETROLIF'EROUS, yielding petroleum. [L. _petra_, rock,
_oleum_, oil.]
PETRONEL, pet'ro-nel, _n._ a large horse-pistol: a small carbine. [O. Fr.
_petrinal_, the breast--L. _pectus_.]
PETTED, pet'ed, _adj._ treated as a pet: indulged.--_adj._ PETT'ISH, given
to take the pet: peevish: fretful.--_adv._ PETT'ISHLY.--_n._ PETT'ISHNESS.
PETTICHAPS, PETTY-CHAPS, pet'i-chaps, _n._ the garden warbler, the
willow-warbler, chiff-chaff.
PETTICOAT, pet'i-k[=o]t, _n._ a loose under-skirt worn by females and
little boys: (_coll._) a woman: a fisherman's loose canvas or oilcloth
skirt: a bell-mouthed piece over the exhaust nozzles in the smoke-box of a
locomotive, strengthening and equalising the draught through the
boiler-tubes.--_adj._ feminine: female, as 'petticoat influence.'--_n._
PETT'ICOAT-AFFAIR', an affair in which a woman is concerned.--_n.pl._
PETT'ICOAT-BREECH'ES, a loose short breeches worn by men in the 17th
century.--_adj._ PETT'ICOATED.--PETTICOAT GOVERNMENT, government by women,
either at home or in the state. [_Petty_ + _coat_.]
PETTIFOGGER, pet'i-fog-[.e]r, _n._ a lawyer who practises only in paltry
cases.--_v.i._ PETT'IFOG, to play the pettifogger.--_n._ PETT'IFOGGERY,
mean tricks: quibbles.--_adj._ PETT'IFOGGING. [_Petty_, and obs. _fog_, to
cheat (cf. Old Dut. _focker_).]
PETTITOES, pet'i-t[=o]z, _n.pl._ the feet of a sucking pig: (_Shak._) human
feet. [_Petty_ + _toe_.]
PETTLE, pet'l, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to indulge, pet.
PETTO, pet'o, _n._ the breast. [It.,--L. _pectus_, breast.]
PETTY, pet'i, _adj._ small: of less importance: lower in rank, power, &c.:
inconsiderable, insignificant: contemptible.--_adv._ PETT'ILY.--_n._
PETT'INESS.--PETTY CASH, small sums of money received or paid; PETTY
LARCENY (see LARCENY); PETTY OFFICER, a naval officer with rank
corresponding to a non-commissioned officer in the army. [O. Fr. _petit._]
PETULANT, pet'[=u]-lant, _adj._ showing peevish impatience, irritation, or
caprice: forward, impudent in manner.--_ns._ PET'ULANCE, PET'ULANCY,
sauciness: peevishness or impatience.--_adv._ PET'ULANTLY. [L. _petulans,
-antis_--obs. _petul[=a]re,_ dim. of _pet[)e]re,_ to fall upon.]
PETUNIA, p[=e]-t[=u]'ni-a, _n._ a Brazilian genus of ornamental plants of
the nightshade family, with small undivided leaves and showy funnel-form
flowers. [Amer. Ind. _petun,_ tobacco.]
PEW, p[=u], _n._ an enclosed seat in a church.--_ns._ PEW'-FELL'OW,
companion; PEW'-HOLD'ER, one who rents a pew in a church; PEW'-[=O]'PENER,
an attendant who opens pews in a church; PEW'-RENT, rent paid for the use
of a pew in church. [O. Fr. _pui_, a raised place--L. _podium_, a front
seat in the amphitheatre--Gr. _podion_, orig. a footstool--_pous_, _podos_,
foot.]
PEWIT, p[=e]'wit, _n._ the lapwing, a bird with a black head and crest,
common in moors.--Also P[=E]'WET, PEE'WIT. [Imit.; cf. Dut. _piewit_ or
_kiewit_.]
PEWTER, p[=u]'t[.e]r, _n._ an alloy of four parts of tin and one of lead:
sometimes tin with a little copper and antimony: a vessel made of pewter,
esp. a beer-tankard: (_slang_) prize-money.--_adj._ made of pewter.--_ns._
PEW'TERER, one who works in pewter; PEW'TER-MILL, a lapidaries'
polishing-wheel for amethyst, agate, &c.--_adj._ PEW'TERY, belonging to
pewter. [O. Fr. _peutre_ (It. _peltro_), from a Teut. root, seen in Low
Ger. _spialter_, Eng. spelter.]
PFENNIG, pfen'ig, _n._ a German copper coin, the hundredth part of a
mark.--Also PFENN'ING.
PHACITIS, f[=a]-s[=i]'tis, _n._ inflammation of the crystalline lens of the
eye.--_n._ PHACOCYST[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the capsule of the
crystalline lens of the eye.--_adj._ PH[=A]'COID, lentil-shaped.--_n._
PH[=A]'COSCOPE. [Gr. _phakos_, a lentil.]
PHÆNOGAMOUS, PHENOGAMOUS, f[=e]-nog'a-mus, _adj._ having manifest flowers,
phanerogamous.--_ns._ PHÆ'NOGAM, a phanerogamous plant;
PHÆNOG[=A]'MIA=_Phanerogamia_.--_adj._ PHÆNOGAM'IC. [Gr. _phainein_, to
show, _gamos_, marriage.]
PHAETON, f[=a]'e-ton, _n._ a kind of open pleasure-carriage on four wheels,
drawn by one or two horses, from _Phaëthon_, son of Helios, the sun, whose
chariot he attempted to drive: a tropic bird.--_adj._ PHAËTON'IC.
PHAGEDENA, PHAGEDÆNA, faj-e-d[=e]'na, _n._ a sloughing ulcer, hospital
gangrene.--_adjs._ PHAGED[=E]'NIC, PHAGEDÆ'NIC. [Gr. _phagein_, to eat.]
PHAGOCYTE, fag'o-s[=i]t, _n._ a white or colourless blood-corpuscle--also
called _leucocyte_--an active amoeboid cell, which engulfs both nutritive
and harmful particles.--_adjs._ PHAGOCYT'IC, -AL.--_ns._ PHAG'OCYTISM, the
nature or function of a phagocyte; PHAGOCYT[=O]'SIS, the destruction of
microbes by phagocytes. [Gr. _phagein_, to eat, _kytos_, a vessel.]
PHALÆNA, f[=a]-l[=e]'na, _n._ the Linnæan genus including moths.--_adj._
PHAL[=E]'NOID. [Gr. _phalaina_, a moth.]
PHALANGE, f[=a]-lanj', _n._ a phalanx of a digit: any of the joints of an
insect's tarsus: a bundle of stamens joined by their filaments: a
socialistic community in Fourier's dream of an ideal arrangement of
society, consisting of 1800 persons living in a _phalanstère_--generally in
_pl._, the usual _sing_. being PH[=A]'LANX (q.v.).--_adjs._ PHALAN'GAL,
PHALAN'G[=E]AL, PHALAN'GIAL, PHALAN'GIAN; PHALAN'GIFORM;
PHALANST[=E]'RIAN.--_ns._ PHALANST[=E]'RIANISM, PHALAN'STERISM;
PHAL'ANSTERY, the dwelling of the phalange in the ideal social system of
Fourier (1772-1837), a vast structure in the midst of a square league of
cultivated land.
PHALANGER, f[=a]-lan'jer, _n._ a genus of small arboreal Australasian
marsupials. [Fr.,--L. _phalanx_.]
PHALANX, fal'angks, or f[=a]'-, _n._ a line of battle: a square battalion
of heavy-armed infantry drawn up in ranks and files close and deep: any
compact body of men: one of the small bones of the fingers and toes:--_pl._
PHALAN'GES, or PHAL'ANXES. [L.,--Gr. _phalangks_.]
PHALAROPE, fal'a-r[=o]p, _n._ a genus of wading birds, forming a sub-family
of the snipes. [Gr. _phalaris_, a coot, _pous_, a foot.]
PHALLUS, fal'us, _n._ the symbol of generation which figures in the rites
and ceremonies of most primitive peoples: (_biol_.) the organ of
sex.--_adj._ PHALL'IC.--_ns._ PHALL'ICISM, PHALL'ISM, the phallic
worship.--_adj._ PHALL'OID. [L.,--Gr. _phallos_.]
PHANARIOT, fa-nar'i-ot, _n._ one of the Greeks inhabiting the _Fanar_
quarter of Constantinople--in Turkish history mostly diplomatists,
administrators, and bankers, also hospodars of Wallachia and
Moldavia.--_adj._ PHANAR'IOT.--Also FANAR'IOT.
PHANEROGAMOUS, fan-e-rog'a-mus, _adj._ having true flowers containing
stamens and pistils--opp. to _Cryptogamous_--also PHANEROGAM'IC.--_n._
PHAN'EROGAM, a phanerogamic plant. [Gr. _phaneros_, visible, _gamos_,
marriage.]
PHANTASM, fan'tazm, _n._ a vain, airy appearance: a fancied vision: an
apparition or spectre--also PHANTAS'MA (_Shak._):--_pl._ PHAN'TASMS,
PHANTAS'MATA.--_adjs._ PHANTAS'MAL; PHANTASM[=A]'LIAN (_rare_).--_n._
PHANTASMAL'ITY.--_adv._ PHANTAS'MALLY.--_adjs._ PHANTASMAT'IC, -AL;
PHANTAS'MIC; PHANTASMOGENET'IC, begetting phantasms.--_adv._
PHANTASMOGENET'ICALLY.--_adj._ PHANTASMOLOG'ICAL, pertaining to phantasms
as subjects of inquiry.--_n._ PHANTASMOL'OGY, the science of phantasms.
[Gr. _phantasma_--_phantazein_, to make visible--_phainein_, to bring to
light--_pha-ein_, to shine.]
PHANTASMAGORIA, fan-taz-ma-g[=o]'ri-a, _n._ a fantastic series of illusive
images: a gathering of appearances or figures upon a flat surface by a
magic-lantern.--_adjs._ PHANTASMAG[=O]'RIAL, pertaining to or resembling a
phantasmagoria; PHANTASMAGOR'IC, -AL. [Gr. _phantasma_, an appearance,
_agora_, an assembly--_ageirein_, to gather.]
PHANTASTIC, PHANTASY. See FANTASTIC, FANTASY.--_n._ PHANT[=A]'SIAST, one of
those Docetæ who believed Christ's body to have been a mere phantom.
PHANTOM, fan'tom, _n._ a phantasm.--_adj._ illusive, spectral.--_adj._
PHANTOMAT'IC, relating to a phantom. [O. Fr. _fantosme_--Gr. _phantasma_.]
PHARAOH, f[=a]'r[=o], _n._ a title of the kings of ancient Egypt.--_adj._
PHARAON'IC. [Heb.,--Egyptian.]
PHARE, fär, _n._ a lighthouse.--Also PH[=A]'ROS. [_Pharos_.]
PHARISEE, far'i-s[=e], _n._ one of a religious school among the Jews,
marked by their strict observance of the law and of religious ordinances:
any one more careful of the outward forms than of the spirit of religion, a
formalist.--_adjs._ PHARIS[=A]'IC, -AL, pertaining to, or like, the
Pharisees: hypocritical.--_adv._ PHARIS[=A]'ICALLY.--_ns._
PHARIS[=A]'ICALNESS; PHAR'IS[=A]ISM, PHAR'ISEEISM, the practice and
opinions of the Pharisees: strict observance of outward forms in religion
without the spirit of it: hypocrisy. [Late L. _pharisæus_--Gr.
_pharisaios_--Heb. _p[=a]r[=u]sh_, separated from, _parash_, to separate.]
PHARMACEUTIC, -AL, fär-ma-s[=u]'tik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to the
knowledge or art of preparing medicines.--_adv._
PHARMACE[=U]'TICALLY.--_ns._ PHARMACE[=U]'TICS, the science of preparing
medicines; PHARMACE[=U]'TIST, one who practises pharmacy.
PHARMACOPOEIA, fär-ma-k[=o]-p[=e]'ya, _n._ a book containing directions for
the preparation of medicines: a collection of drugs.--_adj._
PHARMACOPOE'IAL. [Gr. _pharmakon_, a drug, _poiein_, to make.]
PHARMACY, fär'ma-si, _n._ a department of the medical art which consists in
the collecting, preparing, preserving, and dispensing of medicines: the art
of preparing and mixing medicines: a drug-store.--_ns._ PHAR'MACIST, a
druggist, one skilled in pharmacy; PHARMACOGNOS'TICS, the sum of knowledge
about drugs; PHARMACOG'RAPHY, a description of drugs; PHARMACOL'OGIST, one
skilled in pharmacology; PHARMACOL'OGY, pharmacy; PHAR'MACON, a drug;
PHARMACOP'OLIST, a dealer in drugs. [Fr. _pharmacie_--L.,--Gr. _pharmakon_,
a drug.]
PHARO=Faro.
PHAROS, f[=a]'ros, _n._ a lighthouse or beacon, so named from the famous
lighthouse on the island of _Pharos_ in the Bay of Alexandria.--_n._
PHAROL'OGY, the art or science of directing the course of ships by means of
light-signals from the shore.
PHARYNX, far'ingks, _n._ the cleft or cavity forming the upper part of the
gullet, and lying behind the nose, mouth, and larynx:--_pl._ PHAR'YNGES,
PHAR'YNXES.--_adjs._ PHARYN'G[=E]AL; PHARYNGIT'IC, pertaining to
pharyngitis.--_n._ PHARYNG[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the mucous membrane of
the pharynx.--_adjs._ PHARYNGOGLOS'SAL, pertaining to the pharynx and the
tongue; -LARYN'GEAL, to that and the larynx; -N[=A]'SAL, and the nose;
-[=O]'RAL, and the mouth.--_ns._ PHARYNGOG'RAPHY, a description of the
pharynx; PHARYNG'[=O]SCOPE, an instrument for inspecting the pharynx;
PHARYNG'OSCOPY; PHARYNGOT'OMY, the operation of making an incision into the
pharynx to remove a tumour. [Late L.,--Gr. _pharyngkx_, the pharynx.]
PHASE, f[=a]z, _n._ aspect, appearance, at any stage: an era: the form in
which an object or a question presents itself to the mind: the appearance
at a given time of the illuminated surface exhibited by a planet--also
PH[=A]'SIS:--_pl._ PHAS'ES.--_adj._ PHASE'LESS, unchanging. [Gr.
_phasis_--_phaein_, to shine.]
PHASMA, fas'mä, _n._ a genus of gressorial orthopterous
insects--walking-stick insects, spectre-insects (_Phasma_), and
leaf-insects.
PHEASANT, fez'ant, _n._ a gallinaceous bird abundant in Britain, and highly
valued as food.--_n._ PHEAS'ANTRY, an enclosure for pheasants, where they
may be bred and reared. [O. Fr. _faisan_--L. _Phasiana_ (_avis_)--Gr.
_Phasianos_, of Phasis, in Colchis.]
PHEER, f[=e]r, _n._ (_Shak._). Same as FERE, a mate.
PHEESE, f[=e]z, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to beat, to drive off: to worry.--_v.i._
(_U.S._) to worry.--_n._ worry--better FEEZE.--_n._ PHEES'AR, one of the
mad host's words (_Merry Wives_, I. iii. 10).
PHELLOPLASTICS, fel-[=o]-plas'tiks, _n._ modelling in cork.--_n._
PHELL'OGEN, cork-meristem.--_adj._ PHELLOGENET'IC. [Gr. _phellos_, cork,
_plassein_, to form.]
PHENACETIN, f[=e]-nas'e-tin, _n._ a drug prepared from carbolic acid, good
against fevers, insomnia, &c.
PHENAKISTOSCOPE, fen-a-kis't[=o]-sk[=o]p, _n._ an optical instrument which
produces the appearances of objects in motion, as birds flying, &c.--_n._
PHEN'AKISM (_Bacon_), deceit. [Gr.
_phenakistikos_--_phenakizein_--_phenax_, a cheat.]
PHENIX=_Phoenix_.
PHENOGAM=_Phænogam_.
PHENOGAMIA=_Phænogamia_.
PHENOL, f[=e]'nol. _n._ phenyl alcohol or carbolic acid. [_Fr._]
PHENOLOGY, PHÆNOLOGY, f[=e]-nol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the branch of biology
treating of animal or plant life and development as affected by
climate.--_adjs._ PHENOLOG'IC, -AL.--_n._ PHENOL'OGIST. [_Phenomenology_.]
PHENOMENON, f[=e]-nom'e-non, _n._ an appearance: the appearance which
anything makes to our consciousness, as distinguished from what it is in
itself: an observed result: a remarkable or unusual person, thing, or
appearance:--_pl._ PHENOM'ENA.--_adj._ PHENOM'ENAL, pertaining to a
phenomenon: of the nature of a phenomenon: so strange as to excite great
wonder: out of the common.--_v.t._ PHENOM'ENALISE, to represent as a
phenomenon.--_ns._ PHENOM'ENALISM, the philosophical doctrine that the
phenomenal and the real are identical--that phenomena are the only
realities--also _Externalism_; PHENOM'ENALIST, one who believes in
phenomenalism; PHENOMENAL'ITY, the character of being phenomenal.--_adv._
PHENOM'ENALLY.--_v.t._ PHENOM'ENISE, to bring into the world of
experience.--_ns._ PHENOM'ENISM, the doctrines of the phenomenists;
PHENOM'ENIST, one who believes only what he observes, or phenomena, one who
rejects necessary primary principles.--_adj._ PHENOMEN[=O]LOG'ICAL.--_n._
PHENOMENOL'OGY, a description of phenomena. [Gr. _phainomenon_--_phainein_,
to show.]
PHENYL, f[=e]'nil, _n._ an organic radical found esp. in carbolic acid,
benzole, and aniline.--_adjs._ PH[=E]'NIC, PHENYL'IC. [Fr. _phényle_.]
PHEON, f[=e]'on, _n._ (_her._) the barbed iron head of a dart: the broad
arrow marking property of the Crown.
PHEW, f[=u], _interj._ an exclamation of disgust.
PHIAL, f[=i]'al, _n._ a small glass vessel or bottle. [L. _phiala_--Gr.
_phial[=e]_, a vial.]
PHI BETA KAPPA, fi bet-a kap-a, the oldest of the American college Greek
letter societies. [From the initial letters of its motto--_Philosophia biou
kubern[=e]t[=e]s_, 'Philosophy is the guide of life.']
PHILADELPHIAN, fil-a-del'fi-an, _n._ one of a mystic sect emphasising
'brotherly love,' founded in London in 1652 under the influence of Boehme.
[Gr. _philein_, to love, _adelphos_, a brother.]
PHILANDER, fi-lan'd[.e]r, _v.i._ to make love: to flirt or coquet.--_n._ a
lover.--_n._ PHILAN'DERER. [Gr. _philandros_, loving men--_philos_,
dear--_philein_, to love, _an[=e]r_, _andros_, a man.]
PHILANTHROPY, fi-lan'thr[=o]-pi, _n._ love of mankind, esp. as shown in
good deeds and services to others: goodwill towards all men.--_ns._
PHIL'ANTHROPE, PHILAN'THROPIST, one who tries to benefit mankind.--_adjs._
PHILANTHROP'IC, -AL, doing good to others, benevolent.--_adv._
PHILANTHROP'ICALLY. [L.,--Gr. _philanthr[=o]pia_--_philos_, loving,
_anthr[=o]pos_, a man.]
PHILATELY, fi-lat'e-li, _n._ the study and collection of postage and
revenue stamps and labels (also _Timbrophily_, _Timbrology_).--_adj._
PHILATEL'IC.--_n._ PHILAT'ELIST, one devoted to this pursuit. [Formed in
1865 from Gr. _philos_, loving, _atel[=e]s_, free of tax, 'prepaid'--_a-_,
neg., _telos_, tax.]
PHILHARMONIC, fil-har-mon'ik, _adj._ loving music. [Gr. _philos_, loving,
_harmonia_, harmony.]
PHILHELLENIC, fil-he-len'ik, _adj._ loving Greece.--_ns._ PHILHEL'LENE,
PHILHEL'LENIST, a supporter of Greece, esp. in 1821-32; PHILHEL'LENISM,
love of Greece. [Gr. _philos_, loving, _Hell[=e]n_, a Greek.]
PHILIBEG, PHILABEG. See FILLIBEG.
PHILIPPIAN, fi-lip'i-an, _n._ a native of _Philippi_ in Macedonia--also
_adj._
PHILIPPIC, fil-ip'ik, _n._ one of the three orations of Demosthenes against
Philip of Macedon, or of Cicero against Marc Antony: any discourse full of
invective.--_v.i._ PHIL'IPPISE, to utter such.
PHILISTINE, fil'is-tin, _n._ one of the ancient inhabitants of
south-western Palestine, enemies of the Israelites--also PHILIS'TIAN, and
PHILIS'TIM (_Milt._): a name applied by German students to shopkeepers and
others not connected with the university: an uncultured person.--_n._
PHIL'ISTINISM.
PHILL-HORSE, fil'-hors, _n._=_Thill-horse_, a shaft-horse.
PHILOGYNY, fil-oj'i-ni, _n._ love of women.--_n._ PHILOG'YNIST. [Gr.
_philos_, loving, _gyn[=e]_, a woman.]
PHILOLOGY, fi-lol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science of language: the study of
etymology, grammar, rhetoric, and literary criticism: (_orig._) the
knowledge which enabled men to study and explain the classical languages of
Greece and Rome.--_ns._ PHILOL'OGER, PHILOL[=O]'GIAN, PHILOL'OGIST,
PHIL'OLOGUE, one versed in philology.--_adjs._ PHILOLOG'IC, -AL.--_adv._
PHILOLOG'ICALLY.--COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY, study of languages by comparing
their history, forms, and relationships with each other. [L.,--Gr.
_philologia_--_philologos_, fond of words--_philos_, loving, _logos_,
discourse.]
PHILOMATH, fil'[=o]-math, _n._ a lover of learning.--_adjs._ PHILOMATH'IC,
-AL.--_n._ PHILOM'ATHY, love of learning. [Gr. _philomath[=e]s_, fond of
learning--_philos_, loving, _e-math-on_, 2d aorist _manthanein_, to learn.]
PHILOMEL, fil'[=o]-mel, _n._ the nightingale.--Also PHILOM[=E]'LA. [Gr.
_Philomela_, daughter of Pandion, king of Athens, changed into a
nightingale or swallow.]
PHILOMUSICAL, fil-[=o]-m[=u]'zi-cal, _adj._ fond of music.
PHILOPENA, fil-[=o]-p[=e]'na, _n._ a game in which each of two persons eats
a twin kernel of a nut, and one pays a forfeit to the other on certain
conditions: the gift made as a forfeit, or the twin kernels shared. [Ger.
_vielliebchen_--_viel_, much, _liebchen_, sweetheart.]
PHILOPOLEMIC, fil-[=o]-p[=o]-lem'ik, _adj._ fond of war or of debate.
PHILOPROGENITIVENESS, fil-[=o]-pr[=o]-jen'i-tiv-nes, _n._ (_phren._) the
instinctive love of offspring. [Gr. _philos_, loving, L. _progenies_,
progeny.]
PHILOSOPHER, fi-los'[=o]-f[.e]r, _n._ a lover of wisdom: one versed in or
devoted to philosophy: a metaphysician: one who acts calmly and rationally
in all the affairs and changes of life--also PHIL'OSOPHE:--_fem._
PHILOS'OPHESS.--_adjs._ PHILOSOPH'IC, -AL, pertaining or according to
philosophy: skilled in or given to philosophy: becoming a philosopher:
rational: calm.--_adv._ PHILOSOPH'ICALLY.--_v.i._ PHILOS'OPHISE, to reason
like a philosopher: to form philosophical theories.--_ns._ PHILOS'OPHISER,
a would-be philosopher; PHILOS'OPHISM, would-be philosophy;
PHILOS'OPHIST.--_adjs._ PHILOSOPHIST'IC, -AL.--_n._ PHILOS'OPHY, the
science of being as being: the knowledge of the causes and laws of all
phenomena: the collection of general laws or principles belonging to any
department of knowledge: reasoning: a particular philosophical system:
calmness of temper.--PHILOSOPHER'S STONE, an imaginary stone or mineral
compound, long sought after by alchemists as a means of transforming other
metals into gold.--MORAL, and NATURAL, PHILOSOPHY (see MORAL, NATURAL).
[Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _philosophos_--_philos_, a lover, _sophos_, wise.]
PHILOTECHNIC, -AL, fil-[=o]-tek'nik, -al, _adj._ fond of the arts.
PHILOZOIC, fil-[=o]-z[=o]'ik, _adj._ fond of animals.
PHILTRE, PHILTER, fil't[.e]r, _n._ a charm or spell to excite love. [Fr.
_philtre_--L. _philtrum_--Gr. _philtron_--_philos_, loving, _-tron_,
denoting the agent.]
PHIMOSIS, f[=i]-m[=o]'sis, _n._ stenosis of the preputial orifice.
PHISNOMY, fis'no-mi, _n._ (_Shak._) the face--a corr. of _physiognomy_.
PHIZ, fiz, _n._ (_humorous_) the face.
PHLEBITIS, fl[=e]-b[=i]'tis, _n._ inflammation of a vein.--_ns._
PHLEB'OLITE, a calcareous concretion found in a vein; PHLEBOL'OGY, science
of the veins; PHLEB'ORRHAGE, venous hemorrhage.--_adjs._ PHLEBOTOM'IC,
-AL.--_v.t._ PHLEBOT'OMISE.--_ns._ PHLEBOT'OMIST; PHLEBOT'OMY, act of
letting blood. [Gr. _phleps_, _phlebos_, a vein.]
PHLEGETHONTIC, fleg-e-thon'tik, _adj._ pertaining to or resembling the
river _Phlegethon_, a mythological river of the infernal regions, whose
waves rolled torrents of fire, flowing into the lake of Acheron. [Gr.
_phlegethein_--_phlegein_, to burn.]
PHLEGM, flem, _n._ one of the four elements of which the ancients supposed
the blood to be composed: the thick, slimy matter secreted in the throat,
and discharged by coughing: sluggishness: indifference: calmness.--_adj._
PHLEGMAGOGIC (fleg-ma-goj'ik).--_ns._ PHLEG'MAGOGUE, a medicine expelling
phlegm; PHLEGM[=A]'SIA, inflammation, esp. _Phlegmasia dolens_, puerperal
tumid leg.--_adjs._ PHLEGMAT'IC, -AL, abounding in or generating phlegm:
cold: sluggish: not easily excited.--_adv._ PHLEGMAT'ICALLY.--_n._
PHLEG'MON, inflammation in the connective tissue.--_adjs._ PHLEG'MONOID;
PHLEGM'Y. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _phlegma_, _phlegmatos_--_phlegein_, to burn.]
PHLEME=_Fleam_.
PHLEUM, fl[=e]'um, _n._ a small genus of annual or perennial
grasses--_timothy_, _cat's-tail grass_, _herd's grass_. [Gr. _phle[=o]s_.]
PHLOEUM, fl[=e]'um, _n._ the cellular portion of bark next the
epidermis--also _Epiphloeum_ and Bast.--_n._ PHL[=O]'ËM, the bast or liber
portion of a vascular bundle. [Gr. _phloios_, bark.]
PHLOGISTON, fl[=o]-jis'ton, _n._ an imaginary element, believed in till
nearly the end of the 18th century as forming part of every combustible
body, which by its disengagement caused burning, or fire in action.--_adj._
PHLOGIS'TIC (_chem._), containing or resembling phlogiston: inflaming:
(_med._) inflammatory.--_v.t._ PHLOGIS'TICATE, to combine phlogiston with.
[Gr.]
PHLOX, floks, _n._ a well-known garden plant, so called from its colour.
[Gr.,--_phlegein_, to burn.]
PHLYCTÆNA, PHLYCTENA, flik-t[=e]'na, _n._ a small vesicle.--_adjs._
PHLYCT[=E]'NAR; PHLYCT[=E]'NOID; PHLYCT[=E]'NOUS.
PHOBANTHROPY, f[=o]-ban'thr[=o]-pi, _n._ a morbid dread of mankind.
PHOCINE, f[=o]'sin, _adj._ pertaining to the seal family.--_n._ PH[=O]'CA,
a seal.--_adj._ PHOC[=A]'CEAN, relating to the genus _Phoca_.--_n._ a seal
of this genus.--_n._ PHOCÆ'NA, a genus of delphinoid odontocete
cetaceans--the true porpoises.--_adjs._ PH[=O]'CAL; PHOCÆ'NINE, like a
porpoise. [L. _phoca_--Gr. _ph[=o]k[=e]_, a seal.]
PHOEBUS, f[=e]'bus, _n._ the sun-god: the sun:--_fem._ PHOEBE
(f[=e]'b[=e]), the moon. [L.,--Gr. _phoibos_, bright, _phæin_, to shine.]
PHOENICIAN, PHENICIAN, f[=e]-nish'an, _adj._ pertaining to _Phoenicia_, on
the coast of Syria, to its people, language, or arts.--_n._ an inhabitant
of Phoenicia: the language, a Semitic dialect, akin to Hebrew.
PHOENIX, PHENIX, f[=e]'niks, _n._ a fabulous bird said to have existed for
500 years all alone in the wilderness, and, after burning itself on a
funeral pile, to have risen from its own ashes--hence, the emblem of
immortality: a paragon. [L.,--Gr. _phoinix_.]
PHOLAS, f[=o]'las, _n._ a genus of stone-bearing bivalves, a
piddock:--_pl._ PH[=O]'LADES.--_n._ PH[=O]'LADITE, a fossil pholad. [Gr.]
PHONATE, f[=o]'n[=a]t, _v.t._ to utter vocal sounds.--_n._ PHON[=A]'TION,
emission of vocal sounds.--_adj._ PH[=O]'NATORY, pertaining to
phonation.--_n._ PHONAU'TOGRAPH, an instrument for registering the
vibrations of a sounding body.--_adj._ PHONAUTOGRAPH'IC.--_adv._
PHONAUTOGRAPH'ICALLY.--_n._ PHONOM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the
vibrations of a body.
PHONETIC, -AL, f[=o]-net'ik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to, or in accordance
with, the sound of the voice: representing elementary sounds:
vocal.--_adv._ PHONET'ICALLY.--_n._ PHONETIC'IAN, a student of
phonetics.--_v.t._ PHONET'ICISE, to make phonetic.--_ns._ PHONET'ICISM,
phonetic character or representation; PHONET'ICIST, one who advocates
phonetic-spelling.--_n.sing._ PHONET'ICS, the science of sounds, esp. of
the human voice.--_ns._ PHONET'IC-SPELL'ING, spelling according to sound:
the spelling of words as they are pronounced; PHONETIS[=A]'TION, art of
representing sound by phonetic signs.--_v.t._ PH[=O]'NETISE, to represent
phonetically.--_ns._ PH[=O]'NETISM, sound, pronunciation; PH[=O]'NETIST, a
student of phonetics.--_adj._ PHON'IC, pertaining to sound.--_n.sing_.
PHON'ICS, acoustics.--_adj._ PHONOCAMP'TIC, reflecting or deflecting
sound.--_n._ PH[=O]'NOLITE, clinkstone. [Gr.
_ph[=o]netikos_--_ph[=o]n[=e]_, a sound.]
PHONOGRAPH, f[=o]'n[=o]-graf, _n._ a character or mark used to represent a
sound (also PH[=O]'NOGRAM): an instrument by which spoken words or other
sounds can be recorded, and afterwards given out again almost in the
original tones.--_ns._ PHONOG'RAPHER, PHONOG'RAPHIST, one versed in
phonography.--_adjs._ PHONOGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_adv._ PHONOGRAPH'ICALLY.--_ns._
PHONOG'RAPHY, the art of representing each spoken sound by a distinct
character: phonetic shorthand; PH[=O]'N[=O]SCOPE, an apparatus for
recording music as played, or for testing musical strings: a microphone.
[Gr. _ph[=o]n[=e]_, sound, _graphein_, to write.]
PHONOLOGY, f[=o]-nol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science of the sounds of the voice,
the manner in which these are combined in any language: phonetics.--_adj._
PHONOLOG'ICAL.--_n._ PHONOL'OGIST, one versed in phonology. [Gr.
_ph[=o]n[=e]_, sound, _logos_, discourse.]
PHONOTYPE, f[=o]'n[=o]-t[=i]p, _n._ a type or sign representing a
sound.--_adjs._ PHONOTYP'IC, -AL, of or belonging to a phonotype, or to
phonotypy.--_ns._ PH[=O]'NOTYPIST; PH[=O]'NOTYPY, the art of representing
each of the elementary sounds by different types or distinct characters.
[Gr. _ph[=o]n[=e]_, sound, _typos_, type.]
PHORMINX, for'mingks, _n._ a kind of cithara. [Gr.]
PHORMIUM, for'mi-um, _n._ a genus of New Zealand plants of the lily
family--New Zealand flax or flax-lily. [Gr. _phormion_, a plant.]
PHOSPHENE, fos'f[=e]n, _n._ a brilliant coloured spectrum seen when the
finger is pressed into the internal corner of the eye. [Gr. _ph[=o]s_,
light, _phainein_, to shine.]
PHOSPHORUS, fos'f[=o]-rus, _n._ the morning-star: a yellowish substance,
like wax, inflammable and giving out light in the dark.--_n._ PHOS'PHATE, a
salt formed by the combination of phosphoric acid with a base.--_adj._
PHOSPHAT'IC, of the nature of, or containing, a phosphate.--_ns._
PHOS'PHIDE, a compound formed of phosphorus and some other element, as
copper or iron; PHOS'PHITE, a salt of phosphorous acid; PHOS'PHOR, the
morning-star: (_obs._) phosphorus.--_v.t._ PHOS'PHORATE, to combine or
impregnate with phosphorus.--_n._ PHOS'PHOR-BRONZE, an alloy of copper,
tin, and phosphorus.--_v.i._ PHOSPHORESCE', to shine in the dark like
phosphorus.--_n._ PHOSPHORESC'ENCE.--_adjs._ PHOSPHORESC'ENT, shining in
the dark like phosphorus; PHOSPHOR'IC, PHOS'PHOROUS, pertaining to or
obtained from phosphorus.--_ns._ PHOS'PHORITE, a massive radiated variety
of apatite; PHOS'PHURET, a compound of phosphorus with a metal.--_adj._
PHOS'PHURETTED, combined with phosphorus.--_n._ PHOS'SY-JAW, phosphorous
poisoning.--PHOSPHATIC DIATHESIS (_med._), the condition in which there is
a tendency in the urine to deposit white gravel.
[L.,--Gr.,--_ph[=o]sphoros_, light-bearer--_ph[=o]s_, light, _phoros_,
bearing, from _pherein_, to bear.]
PHOTO, f[=o]'t[=o], _n._ a colloquial abbreviation of _photograph_.
PHOTOCHEMISTRY, f[=o]-t[=o]-kem'is-tri, _n._ that branch of chemistry which
treats of the chemical action of light.--_adj._ PHOTOCHEM'ICAL.--_n._
PHOTOCHEM'IST.
PHOTOCHROMY, f[=o]'t[=o]-kr[=o]-mi, _n._ the art of reproducing colours by
photography.--_adj._ PHOTOCHROMAT'IC.--_n._ PHOTOCHR[=O]'MOTYPE, a
photo-process picture printed in colours by any of the ordinary methods of
typography in colours. [Gr. _ph[=o]s_, _ph[=o]tos_, light, _chr[=o]ma_,
colour.]
PHOTO-ENGRAVING, f[=o]'t[=o]-en-gr[=a]'ving, _n._ a general term including
all the various processes of mechanical engraving by the aid of
photography.--The term PHOTOG'LYPHY is sometimes applied to photo-engraving
by one process or other, often limited to photogravure.--_adj._
PHOTOGLYPH'IC.
PHOTOGENY, f[=o]-toj'e-ni, _n._ the art of taking pictures by the action of
light on a chemically prepared ground.--_adjs._ PHOTOGEN'IC, PHOTOG'ENOUS.
PHOTOGRAPHY, f[=o]-tog'ra-fi, _n._ the art of producing pictures by the
action of light on chemically prepared surfaces.--_n._ PH[=O]'TOGRAPH, a
picture so produced.--_v.t._ to make a picture of by means of
photography.--_ns._ PH[=O]TOG'RAPHER, PH[=O]TOG'RAPHIST.--_adj._
PH[=O]TOGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_adv._ PH[=O]TOGRAPH'ICALLY. [Gr. _ph[=o]s_, light,
_graphein_, to draw.]
PHOTOGRAVURE, f[=o]'t[=o]-gr[=a]-v[=u]r, _n._ a method of producing by
means of photography and the action of acids on a sensitised surface a kind
of mezzo-engraving on metal. [Fr.,--Gr. _ph[=o]s_, light, Fr. _gravure_,
engraving.]
PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY, f[=o]-t[=o]-li-thog'ra-fi, _n._ a method by which a
photograph in line can be developed with ink so as to be transferred to
stone as a lithograph.--_n._ PHOTOLITH'OGRAPH, a print produced by
photolithography.--_v.t._ to reproduce by this aid.--_n._
PHOTOLITHOG'RAPHER.--_adj._ PHOTOLITHOGRAPH'IC. [Gr. _ph[=o]s_,
_ph[=o]tos_, light, _lithos_, a stone, _graphein_, to write.]
PHOTOLOGY, f[=o]-tol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science of light.--_adjs._
PHOTOLOG'IC, -AL.--_n._ PHOTOL'OGIST. [Gr. _ph[=o]s_, _ph[=o]tos_, light,
_logia_--_legein_, to say.]
PHOTOLYSIS, f[=o]-tol'i-sis, _n._ (_bot._) the movements of protoplasm
under the influence of light. [Gr. _ph[=o]s_, _ph[=o]tos_, light,
_lysis_--_lyein_, to unloose.]
PHOTOMECHANICAL, f[=o]-t[=o]-m[=e]-kan'i-kal, _adj._ pertaining to the
mechanical production of pictures by the aid of light, as in
photo-engraving, &c.
PHOTOMETER, f[=o]-tom'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for measuring the
intensity of light, esp. for comparing the amount of light coming from
different sources.--_adjs._ PHOTOMET'RIC, -AL.--_n._ PHOTOM'ETRY, the
measurement of the intensity of light. [Gr. _ph[=o]s_, _ph[=o]tos_, light,
_m[=e]tron_, a measure.]
PHOTOMICROGRAPHY, f[=o]-t[=o]-m[=i]-krog'ra-fi, _n._ the enlargement of
microscopic objects by means of the microscope, and the projection of the
enlarged image on a sensitive film.--_ns._ PHOTOM[=I]'CROGRAPH;
PHOTOMICROG'RAPHER.--_adj._ PHOTOMICROGRAPH'IC. [Gr. _ph[=o]s_,
_ph[=o]tos_, light, _mikros_, little, _graphein_, to write.]
PHOTOPHOBIA, f[=o]-t[=o]-f[=o]'bi-a, _n._ a dread of light.--_adj._
PHOTOPHOB'IC.
PHOTOPHONE, f[=o]'t[=o]-f[=o]n, _n._ an apparatus for transmitting
articulate speech to a distance along a beam of light. [Gr. _ph[=o]s_,
_ph[=o]tos_, light, _ph[=o]n[=e]_, sound.]
PHOTO-PROCESS, f[=o]'t[=o]-pros'es, _n._ any process by which is produced,
by the agency of photography, a matrix from which prints can be made in
ink--photogravure, photolithography, and photozincography.
PHOTOPSIA, f[=o]-top'si-a, _n._ the condition of having the sensation of
light without external cause.--Also PH[=O]'TOPSY.
PHOTO-RELIEF, f[=o]'t[=o]-re-l[=e]f', _n._ a process of producing plates by
means of photography, from which impressions can be taken in an ordinary
printing-press.
PHOTOSCULPTURE, f[=o]-t[=o]-skulp't[=u]r, _n._ the art of taking likenesses
in the form of statuettes or medallions by the aid of photography.
PHOTOSPHERE, f[=o]'t[=o]-sf[=e]r, _n._ the luminous envelope round the
sun's globe, which is the source of light. [Gr. _ph[=o]s_, _ph[=o]tos_,
light, _sphaira_, a sphere.]
PHOTOTHERAPY, f[=o]-t[=o]-ther'a-pi, _n._ the art of healing (of lupus,
&c.) by means of light, electric or other, focussed on the diseased part.
[Gr. _ph[=o]s_, _ph[=o]tos_, light, _therapeuein_, to heal.]
PHOTOTYPE, f[=o]'t[=o]-t[=i]p, _n._ a type or plate of the same nature as
an engraved plate, produced from a photograph.--_n._ PH[=O]'TOTYPY_._ [Gr.
_ph[=o]s_, _ph[=o]tos_, light, _typos_, type.]
PHOTO-XYLOGRAPHY, f[=o]-t[=o]-z[=i]-log'ra-fi, _n._ wood-engraving after an
impression has been taken on the wood-block by photography. [Gr. _ph[=o]s_,
_ph[=o]tos_ light, _xylon_, a log of wood, _graphein_, to write.]
PHOTOZINCOGRAPHY, f[=o]-t[=o]-zing-kog'ra-fi, _n._ the process of engraving
on zinc by taking an impression by photography and etching with
acids.--_n._ PHOTOZINC'OGRAPH, a picture so produced.
PHRASE, fr[=a]z, _n._ two or more words expressing a single idea by
themselves, or showing the manner or style in which a person expresses
himself: part of a sentence: a short pithy expression: phraseology:
(_mus._) a short clause or portion of a sentence.--_v.t._ to express in
words: to style.--_n._ PHRASE'-BOOK, a book containing or explaining
phrases.--_adj._ PHRASE'LESS, incapable of being described.--_ns._
PHRASE'-MAN, PHRASE'-MONG'ER, a wordy speaker or writer; PHR[=A]'SEOGRAM,
PHR[=A]'SEOGRAPH, a combination of shorthand characters to represent a
phrase or sentence.--_adjs._ PHRASEOLOG'IC, -AL, pertaining to phraseology:
consisting of phrases.--_adv._ PHRASEOLOG'ICALLY.--_ns._ PHRASEOL'OGIST, a
maker or a collector of phrases; PHR[=A]SEOL'OGY, style or manner of
expression or arrangement of phrases: peculiarities of diction: a
collection of phrases in a language; PHR[=A]'SER, a mere maker or repeater
of phrases.--_adj._ PHR[=A]'SICAL.--_n._ PHR[=A]'SING, the wording of a
speech or passage: (_mus._) the grouping and accentuation of the sounds in
a melody. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _phrasis_--_phrazein_, to speak.]
PHRATRY, fr[=a]'tri, _n._ a clan: a brotherhood--also PHR[=A]'TRIA.--_adj._
PHR[=A]'TRIC. [Gr. _phrat[=e]r_, a brother.]
PHREN, _fren_, _n._ the thinking principle, mind: the diaphragm:--_pl._
PHRENES.--_ns._ PHR[=E]NAL'GIA, psychalgia; PHREN[=E]'SIS, delirium,
frenzy.--_adjs._ PHRENET'IC, -AL (also FRENET'IC, -AL), having a disordered
mind: frenzied: mad; PHRENIAT'RIC, pertaining to the cure of mental
diseases; PHREN'IC, belonging to the diaphragm.--_ns._ PHREN'ICS, mental
philosophy; PHREN'ISM, thought force.--_adj._ PHRENIT'IC, affected with
phrenitis.--_ns._ PHREN[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the brain; PHRENOG'RAPHY,
descriptive psychology; PHRENOPATH'IA, mental disease.--_adj._
PHRENOPATH'IC.--_n._ PHRENOPL[=E]'GIA, sudden loss of mental power. [Gr.
_phr[=e]n_, the mind.]
PHRENOLOGY, fr[=e]-nol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the theory that the various faculties
and powers of the mind are connected with certain parts of the brain, and
can be known by an examination of the outer surface of the skull: the
science by which character can be read by examining the skull.--_adjs._
PHRENOLOG'IC, -AL.--_adv._ PHRENOLOG'ICALLY.--_n._ PHRENOL'OGIST, one who
believes or is versed in phrenology. [Gr. _phr[=e]n_, _phrenos_, mind,
_logos_, science.]
PHRONESIS, fr[=o]'-n[=e]'sis, _n._ practical wisdom. [Gr.,--_phr[=e]n_,
mind.]
PHRYGIAN, frij'i-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Phrygia_ in Asia Minor, or to
the Phrygians.--_n._ a native of Phrygia: a Montanist.--PHRYGIAN CAP, a
conical cap with the top turned forward.
PHTHALEIN, thal'e-in, _n._ one of a very important class of dye-yielding
materials formed by the union of phenols with the anhydride of phthalic
acid.--_adj._ PHTHAL'IC, pertaining to naphthalene.--_n._ PHTHAL'IN, a
colourless crystalline compound obtained by reducing phthalein.
PHTHIRIASIS, thi-r[=i]'a-sis, _n._ the lousy disease--_morbus pediculosus._
[L.,--Gr.]
PHTHISIS, th[=i]'sis, _n._ consumption or wasting away of the
lungs.--_adjs._ PHTHIS'IC, -AL (tiz'ik, -al), pertaining to or having
phthisis.--_n._ PHTHISIOLOGY (tiz-i-ol'[=o]-ji), the sum of scientific
knowledge about phthisis. [L.,--Gr. _phthiein_, to waste away.]
PHYCOLOGY, f[=i]-kol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the knowledge of algæ or
sea-weeds.--_n._ PHYCOG'RAPHY, systematic description of algae.--_adj._
PHYCOLOG'IC.--_n._ PHYCOL'OGIST.
[Illustration]
PHYLACTERY, fi-lak'te-ri, _n._ a charm or amulet: among the Jews, a slip of
parchment inscribed with certain passages of Scripture, worn on the left
arm or forehead: among the early Christians, a case in which relics were
preserved.--_adjs._ PHYLACTER'IC, -AL. [L.,--Gr. _phylakt[=e]rion_,
_phylakt[=e]r_, a guard--_phylassein_, to guard.]
PHYLARCH, f[=i]'lark, _n._ in ancient Greece, the chief of a tribe: in
Athens, the commander of the cavalry of a tribe.--_ns._ PHY'LARCHY, the
office of a phylarch; PHYLE (f[=i]'l[=e]), a tribe or clan in ancient
Greece.--_adj._ PHYLET'IC, pertaining to a race or tribe: pertaining to a
phylum of the animal kingdom.--_n._ PHYLUM (f[=i]'lum), any primary
division or sub-kingdom of the animal or vegetable kingdom:--_pl._ PHY'LA.
PHYLLITE, fil'[=i]t, _n._ clay-slate or argillaceous schist.--_adj._
PHYLLIT'IC. [Gr.,--_phyllon_, a leaf.]
PHYLLIUM, fil'i-um, _n._ a genus of orthopterous insects of family
_Phasmidæ_--leaf-insects or walking-leaves.
PHYLLODIUM, fi-l[=o]'di-um, _n._ a petiole which usurps the function of a
leaf-blade.--_adj._ PHYLLODIN'EOUS.
PHYLLOID, fil'oid, _adj._ leaf-like--also PHYLLOI'DEOUS.--_ns._
PHYL'LOMANCY, divination by leaves; PHYLLOM[=A]'NIA, abnormal production of
leaves; PHYL'LOME, foliage.--_adj._ PHYLLOM'IC.--_n._ PHYL'LOMORPHY, the
reversion of floral organs, as sepals and bracts, to leaves--better
PHYL'LODY.
PHYLLOPHAGOUS, fi-lof'a-gus, _adj._ feeding on leaves.--_n._ a member of
the PHYLLOPH'AGA, a tribe of hymenopterous insects--the saw-flies: a group
of lamellicorn beetles which are leaf-eaters--the chafers.
PHYLLOPHOROUS, fi-lof'[=o]-rus, _adj._ producing leaves: (_zool._) having
leaf-like organs.
PHYLLOPOD, fil'[=o]-pod, _adj._ having foliaceous feet--also
PHYLLOP'ODOUS.--_n._ a crustacean of the order _Phyllopoda_.--_adj._
PHYLLOPOD'IFORM.
PHYLLORHINE, fil'[=o]-rin, _adj._ having a nose-leaf.
PHYLLOSTOMATOUS, fil-[=o]-stom'a-tus, _adj._ leaf-nosed, as a bat.--_n._
PHYLL'OSTOME, a leaf-nosed bat.--_adj._ PHYLLOS'TOMINE, leaf-nosed.
PHYLLOTAXIS, fil-[=o]-tak'sis, _n._ the disposition of leaves on the
stem.--Also PHYLL'OTAXY. [Gr. _phyllon_, a leaf, _taxis_, arrangement.]
PHYLLOXERA, fil-ok-s[=e]'ra, _n._ a genus of insects, belonging to a family
nearly related to aphides and coccus insects, very destructive to vines.
[Gr. _phyllon_, a leaf, _x[=e]ros_, dry.]
PHYLOGENY, f[=i]-loj'e-ni, _n._ a biological term applied to the evolution
or genealogical history of a race or tribe--also PHYLOGEN'ESIS.--_adv._
PHYLOGENET'ICALLY.--_adjs._ PHYLOGEN'IC, PHYLOGENET'IC. [Gr. _phylon_,
race, _genesis_, origin.]
PHYSALIA, f[=i]-s[=a]'li-a, _n._ a genus of large oceanic
hydrozoans--_Portuguese man-of-war_. [Gr. _physallis_, a plant,
bladder--_physa_, bellows.]
PHYSALITE, fis'a-l[=i]t, _n._ a coarse topaz.
PHYSETER, fi-s[=e]'t[.e]r, _n._ a sperm-whale.
PHYSIC, fiz'ik, _n._ the science of medicine: the art of healing: a
medicine: (_orig._) natural philosophy, physics.--_v.t._ to give medicine
to:--_pr.p._ phys'icking; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ phys'icked.--_ns._ PHYSICIAN
(fi-zish'an), one skilled in the use of physic or the art of healing: one
who prescribes remedies for diseases: a doctor.--_ns._ PHYSIC'IANCY, post
or office of physician; PHYSIC'IANSHIP; PHYS'IC-NUT, _Barbadoes_ or
_Purging nut_, the seeds of _Jatropha curcas_.--PHYSIC GARDEN, a botanical
garden. [O. Fr.,--Gr. _physik[=e]_, natural--Gr. _physis_, nature.]
PHYSICAL, fiz'ik-al, _adj._ pertaining to nature or to natural objects:
pertaining to material things: of or pertaining to natural philosophy:
known to the senses: pertaining to the body.--_n._ PHYS'ICALIST, one who
thinks that human thought and action are determined by the physical
organisation.--_adv._ PHYS'ICALLY.--_ns._ PHYS'ICISM (-sizm), belief in the
material or physical as opposed to the spiritual; PHYS'ICIST (-sist), a
student of nature: one versed in physics: a natural philosopher: one who
believes that life is merely a form of physical energy.--PHYSICAL
ASTRONOMY, an account of the causes of the motions of the heavenly bodies;
PHYSICAL EDUCATION, training of the bodily powers by exercise; PHYSICAL
EXAMINATION, an examination of the bodily state of a person; PHYSICAL
FORCE, force applied outwardly to the body, as distinguished from
persuasion, &c.; PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, an account of the state of the earth
in its natural condition--its mountain-chains, ocean-currents, distribution
of plants and animals, conditions of climate, &c.; PHYSICAL TRUTH, the
agreement of thought with what exists in nature; PHYSICAL WORLD, the world
of matter. [Gr. _physikos_--_physis_, nature.]
PHYSICS, fiz'iks, _n.pl._ used as _sing._ (_orig._) equivalent to PHYSICAL
SCIENCE--i.e. the science of the order of nature: usually sig. (as
distinguished from chemistry) the study of matter and the general
properties of matter as affected by energy or force--also called _Natural
philosophy_.--_ns._ PHYSICOLOG'IC, logic illustrated by physics;
PHYS'ICO-THEOL'OGY, theology illustrated by natural philosophy. [L.
_physica_--Gr. _physik[=e]_ (_the[=o]ria_, theory)--_physis_, nature.]
PHYSIOCRACY, fiz-i-ok'r[=a]-si, _n._ the economic doctrine of the
physiocrats (François Quesnay, 1694-1744, and his followers), that society
should be governed by a natural order inherent in itself, land and its
products the only true source of wealth, direct taxation of land the only
proper source of revenue.--_n._ PHYS'IOCRAT, one who maintains these
opinions.--_adj._ PHYSIOCRAT'IC.--_n._ PHYSIOC'RATISM. [Gr. _physis_,
nature, _kratein_, to rule.]
PHYSIOGENY, fiz-i-oj'e-ni, _n._ (_biol._) the genesis of function--also
PHYSIOGEN'ESIS.--_adjs._ PHYSIOGENET'IC, PHYSIOGEN'IC.
PHYSIOGNOMY, fiz-i-og'n[=o]-mi, _n._ the art of judging the qualities of a
character from the external appearance, especially from the countenance:
expression of countenance: the face as an index of the mind: the general
appearance of anything.--_adjs._ PHYSIOGNOM'IC, -AL.--_adv._
PHYSIOGNOM'ICALLY.--_n.sing._ PHYSIOGNOM'ICS (same as PHYSIOGNOMY).--_n._
PHYSIOG'NOMIST. [For _physiognomony_--Gr. _physiogn[=o]monia_--_physis_,
nature, _gn[=o]m[=o]n_, one who interprets--_gn[=o]nai_, to know.]
PHYSIOGRAPHY, fiz-i-og'ra-fi, _n._ an exposition of the principles that
underlie physical geography, and including the elements of physical
science: an introduction to the study of nature: physical geography.--_n._
PHYSIOG'RAPHER, one versed in physiography.--_adjs._ PHYSIOGRAPH'IC, -AL.
[Gr. _physis_, nature, _graphein_, to describe.]
PHYSIOLATRY, fiz-i-ol'a-tri, _n._ nature-worship.
PHYSIOLOGY, fiz-i-ol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science of the nature and processes
of life, of the vital phenomena of animals and plants and the functions of
their parts--a branch of biology.--_adjs._ PHYSIOLOG'IC, -AL.--_adv._
PHYSIOLOG'ICALLY.--_v.i._ PHYSIOL'OGISE.--_n._ PHYSIOL'OGIST. [Gr.
_physis_, nature, _logos_, science.]
PHYSIOMEDICALISM, fiz-i-[=o]-med'i-kal-izm, _n._ the system of treating
disease with only non-poisonous vegetable drugs.--_n._ PHYSIOMED'ICALIST.
PHYSIQUE, fiz-[=e]k', _n._ the physical structure or natural constitution
of a person. [Fr.]
PHYSITHEISM, fiz'i-th[=e]-izm, _n._ the ascribing of physical form and
attributes to deity.--_adj._ PHYSITHEIS'TIC. [Gr. _physis_, nature,
_theos_, God.]
PHYSIURGIC, fiz-i-ur'jik, _adj._ produced by natural causes, without man's
intervention.
PHYSNOMY, fiz'no-mi, _n._ (_Spens._). Same as PHYSIOGNOMY.
PHYSOCLISTOUS, f[=i]-s[=o]-klis'tus, _adj._ having no air-bladder, or
having it closed, as a fish. [Gr. _physa_, bellows, _kleistos_--_kleiein_,
to close.]
PHYSOGRADE, f[=i]'s[=o]-gr[=a]d, _adj._ moving by a vesicular float. [Gr.
_physa_, bellows, L. _gradi_, to walk.]
PHYSOPOD, f[=i]'s[=o]-pod, _adj._ with suckers on the feet. [Gr. _physa_,
bellows, _pous_, _podos_, the foot.]
PHYSOSTIGMINE, f[=i]-s[=o]-stig'min, _n._ a poisonous alkaloid, the active
principle of the Calabar bean. [Gr. _physa_, bellows, _stigma_, stigma.]
PHYSOSTOMOUS, f[=i]-sos't[=o]-mus, _adj._ having mouth and air-bladder
connected by an air-duct, as a fish. [Gr. _physa_, bellows, _stoma_, a
mouth.]
PHYTOBRANCHIATE, f[=i]-t[=o]-brang'ki-[=a]t, _adj._ having leafy gills.
[Gr. _phyton_, a plant, _brangchia_, gills.]
PHYTOCHEMISTRY, f[=i]-t[=o]-kem'is-tri, _n._ the chemistry of plants--also
PHY'TOCHIMY.--_adj._ PHYTOCHEM'ICAL.
PHYTOGENESIS, f[=i]-t[=o]-jen'e-sis, _n._ the theory of the generation of
plants--also PHYTOG'ENY.--_adjs._ PHYTOGENET'IC, -AL. [Gr. _phyton_, a
plant, _genesis_, birth.]
PHYTOGEOGRAPHY, f[=i]-t[=o]-je-og'ra-fi, _n._ the geographical distribution
of plants.--_adjs._ PHYTOGEOGRAPH'IC, -AL.
PHYTOGLYPHY, f[=i]-tog'li-fi, _n._ the art of printing from nature, by
taking impressions from plants, &c., on soft metal, from which an
electrotype plate is taken.--_adj._ PHYTOGLYPH'IC. [Gr. _phyton_, a plant,
_glyphein_, to engrave.]
PHYTOGRAPHY, f[=i]-tog'raf-i, _n._ the department of botany relating to the
particular description of species of plants.--_n._ PHYTOG'RAPHER.--_adj._
PHYTOGRAPH'ICAL. [Gr. _phyton_, a plant, _graphein_, to write.]
PHYTOID, f[=i]'toid, _adj._ plant-like, esp. of animals and organs. [Gr.
_phyton_, a plant, _eidos_, form.]
PHYTOLITHOLOGY, f[=i]-t[=o]-li-thol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science of fossils
plants.--_n._ PHYTOLITHOL'OGIST.
PHYTOLOGY, f[=i]-tol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science of plants, botany.--_adj._
PHYTOLOG'ICAL.--_n._ PHYTOL'OGIST. [Gr. _phyton_, a plant, _logia_,
discourse.]
PHYTONOMY, f[=i]-ton'[=o]-mi, _n._ the science of the origin and growth of
plants: botany. [Gr. _phyton_, a plant, _nomos_, a law.]
PHYTOPATHOLOGY, f[=i]-t[=o]-p[=a]-thol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science of the
diseases of plants.--_adj._ PHYTOPATHOLOG'ICAL.--_n._ PHYTOPATHOL'OGIST.
PHYTOPHAGOUS, f[=i]-tof'a-gus, _adj._ feeding on plants--also
PHYTOPHAG'IC.--_ns._ PHYTOPH'AGAN; PHYTOPH'AGY. [Gr. _phyton_, a plant,
_phagein_, to eat.]
PHYTOSIS, f[=i]-t[=o]'sis, _n._ the presence of vegetable parasites, or the
diseases caused by them.
PHYTOTOMY, f[=i]-tot'[=o]-mi, _n._ the dissection of plants.--_n._
PHYTOT'OMIST.--_adj._ PHYTOT'OMOUS. [Gr. _phyton_, a plant, _tomos_, a
cutting--_temnein_, to cut.]
PHYTOZOA, f[=i]-t[=o]-z[=o]'a, _n.pl._ plant-like animals: animals which
more or less resemble plants in appearance and habits, such as sponges,
sea-anemones, &c.:--_sing._ PHYTOZ[=O]'ON.--_adj._ and _n._ PHYTOZ[=O]'AN.
[Gr. _phyton_, a plant, _z[=o]on_, an animal.]
PI, PIE, p[=i], _n._ a mass of types confusedly mixed.--_v.t._ to reduce to
a mixed mass, or to a state of pi, as types. [Cf. _Pie_, a magpie, &c.]
PIA, p[=e]'a, _n._ a perennial Polynesian herb, whose fleshy tubers yield
arrowroot.
PIACERE, pia-ch[=a]'re, _n._ (_mus._) _a piacere_, at pleasure.--_adj._
PIACEVOLE (pia-ch[=a]'v[=o]-le), pleasant, playful. [It.]
PIACULAR, p[=i]-ak'[=u]-lar, _adj._ serving to appease, expiatory:
requiring expiation: atrociously bad.--_n._ PIACULAR'ITY. [L. _piaculum_,
sacrifice--_pi[=a]re_, expiate--_pius_, pious.]
PIAFFE, pi-af', _v.i._ in horsemanship, to advance at a piaffer.--_n._
PIAF'FER, a gait in which the feet are lifted in the same succession as the
trot, but more slowly.--Also _Spanish-walk_. [Fr. _piaffer_.]
PIA MATER, p[=i]'a m[=a]'t[.e]r, _n._ the vascular membrane investing the
brain: (_Shak._) the brain. [L.]
PIANOFORTE, pi-ä'no-f[=o]r't[=a], generally shortened to PIANO
(pi-an'[=o]), _n._ a musical instrument furnished with wires struck by
little hammers which are moved by keys, so as to produce both soft and
strong sounds.--_ns._ PIANETTE', a small piano; PIANINO
(p[=e]-a-n[=e]'n[=o]), an upright pianoforte; PIAN'ISM, the technique of
the pianoforte: arrangement of music for the pianoforte.--_adv._
PIANIS'SIMO, very softly.--_n._ PIAN'IST, one who plays on the pianoforte,
or one well skilled in it.--_adv._ PIÄN'O (_mus._), softly.--_ns._
PIAN'O-SCHOOL, a school where piano music is taught; PIAN'O-STOOL, a stool
on which the player sits at the piano.--BOUDOIR, or CABINET, PIANO, an
upright piano. [It., _piano_, soft--L. _planus_, plane, _forte_, strong--L.
_fortis_, strong.]
PIARIST, p[=i]'ar-ist, _n._ one of a religious congregation for the
education of the poor, founded in Rome in 1617 by Joseph Calasanza. [L.
_pius_, pious.]
PIASSAVA, pi-as'a-va, _n._ a coarse stiff fibre used for rope-making in
Brazil.--Also PIASS'ABA. [Port.]
PIASTRE, PIASTER, pi-as't[.e]r, _n._ a silver coin of varying value, used
in Turkey and other countries: the Spanish dollar. [Fr.,--It. _piastra_.]
PIAZZA, pi-az'a, _n._ a place or square surrounded by buildings: a walk
under a roof supported by pillars.--_adj._ PIAZZ'IAN. [It.,--L. _platea_, a
place.]