particle.--IN PARTICULAR, specially, distinctly. [Fr.,--L. _particula_,
dim. of _pars_, _partis_, a part.]
PARTIM, part'im, _adv._ in part. [L.]
PARTING, pärt'ing, _adj._ putting apart: separating: departing: given at
parting.--_n._ the act of parting: a division: a point or a line of
division: the division of the hair on the head in dressing it: (_geol._) a
division of a mineral into layers: a snapping or breaking under a great
strain, as of a cable.--_n._ PART'ING-CUP, a drinking-cup with two handles
on opposite sides.
PARTISAN, pär'ti-zan, _n._ an adherent of a party or a faction: one who is
too strongly devoted to his own party or sect to be able to understand or
to judge fairly of others.--_adj._ adhering to a party.--_n._
PAR'TISANSHIP. [Fr. (It. _partigiano_),--L. _part[=i]ri_.]
PARTISAN, pär'ti-zan, _n._ a kind of halberd or long-handled weapon, common
in the Middle Ages: a soldier armed with such a weapon. [O. Fr.
_pertuisane_, which is perh. from Old High Ger. _parta_ a battle-axe, seen
in _halberd_.]
PARTITION, par-tish'un, _n._ act of parting or dividing: state of being
divided: separate part: that which divides: a wall between apartments: the
place where separation is made.--_v.t._ to divide into shares: to divide
into parts by walls.--_adjs._ PAR'T[=I]TE, divided into parts: (_bot._)
parted nearly to the base; PAR'TITIVE, parting: dividing:
distributive.--_n._ (_gram._) a word denoting a part or partition.--_adv._
PAR'TITIVELY. [Fr.,--L. _partitio_--_part[=i]ri_, divide.]
PARTLET, pärt'let, _n._ a ruff or band worn round the neck or shoulders by
women: a hen, from its habit of ruffling the feathers round its neck.
[Prob. O. Fr. _Pertelote_, a woman's name.]
PARTNER, pärt'n[.e]r, _n._ a sharer: an associate: one engaged with another
in business: one who plays on the same side in a game: one who dances with
another: a husband or wife.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to join as a partner.--_ns._
PART'NERSHIP, state of being a partner: a contract between persons engaged
in any business; SLEEP'ING-PART'NER, one who has money invested in a
business, but takes no part in its management.
PARTRIDGE, pär'trij, _n._ a genus of gallinaceous birds preserved for
game.--_n._ PAR'TRIDGE-WOOD, a hard variegated wood, from Brazil and the
West Indies, used in cabinet-work. [Fr. _perdrix_--L. _perdix_,
_perdicis_--Gr. _perdix_.]
PART-SINGING, pärt'-sing-ing, _n._ act or practice of singing different
parts in harmony.--_n._ PART'-SONG, a song sung in parts.
PARTURE, pärt'[=u]r, _n._ (_Spens._) departure.
PARTURIENT, pär-t[=u]'ri-ent, _adj._ bringing, or about to bring, forth
young: fruitful.--_n._ PART[=U]RI'TION, act of bringing forth.--_adj._
PART[=U]'RITIVE. [L. _parturiens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of
_partur[=i]re_--_par[)e]re_, to bring forth.]
PARTY, pär'ti, _n._ a part of a greater number of persons: a faction: a
company met for a particular purpose, as a dinner party, a pleasure party,
&c.: an assembly: one concerned in any affair: the person or persons on
either side in a law-suit: (_colloq._) a single individual spoken of:
(_mil._) a detachment of soldiers.--_adj._ belonging to a party and not to
the whole: consisting of different parties, parts, or things: (_her._)
parted or divided.--_adjs._ PAR'TI-COAT'ED, having on a coat of various
colours; PAR'TI-COL'OURED, coloured differently at different parts.--_ns._
PAR'TYISM, devotion to party; PAR'TY-JU'RY, a jury half of natives and half
of aliens; PAR'TY-MAN, a member of a party: a partisan; PAR'TY-POL'ITICS,
politics viewed from a party stand-point, or arranged to suit the views or
interests of a party; PAR'TY-SPIR'IT, the unreasonable spirit shown by a
party-man toward those who do not belong to his party.--_adj._
PAR'TY-SPIR'ITED.--_ns._ PAR'TY-VER'DICT, a joint verdict; PAR'TY-WALL, a
wall between two adjoining properties, built half on one and half on the
other: a wall separating one house from another. [O. Fr. _partir_--L.
_part[=i]ri_, to divide--_pars_, a part.]
PARURE, pa-rür', _n._ a set of ornaments, &c. [Fr.]
PARVANIMITY, par-va-nim'i-ti, _n._ littleness of mind.
PARVENU, pär've-n[=u], _n._ an upstart: one newly risen into notice or
power.--_adj._ like a parvenu. [Fr., pa.p. of _parvenir_--L.
_perven[=i]re_, to arrive at--_per_, through, _ven[=i]re_, to come.]
PARVIS, PARVISE, pär'vis, _n._ a porch, or an enclosed space before a
church: a room over a church porch used as a store, or schoolroom, or as an
ecclesiastic's chamber. [O. Fr.,--Low L. _paravisus_, corr. of Gr.
_paradeisos_; cf. _Paradise_.]
PAS, pä, _n._ a step, as in dancing or marching: a dance, as in 'Pas
seul'=a dance by one person, 'Pas deux'=a dance of two persons.--PAS
D'ARMES, a joust, a tilt, or a tourney.--HAVE THE PAS OF ONE, to take
precedence of him. [Fr.]
PASCH, pask, _n._ the Jewish Passover: Easter.--_adj._ PASCH'AL, pertaining
to the Passover, or to Easter.--_ns._ PASCH'AL-CAN'DLE, a large candle
blessed and placed on the altar on the day before Easter; PASCH'AL-FLOW'ER
(see PASQUE); PASCH'AL-LAMB, the lamb slain and eaten at the Jewish
Passover; PASCH'-EGG, an Easter-egg.--PASCH OF THE CROSS, Good-Friday;
PASCHAL CONTROVERSY, a long dispute in the early church about the proper
time for celebrating Easter. [A.S. _pascha_--L.,--Gr.,--Heb. _pesach_, the
Passover--_pasach_, to pass over.]
PASCUAGE, pas'k[=u]-[=a]j, _n._ the grazing or pasturing of
cattle.--_adjs._ PAS'C[=U]AL, PAS'C[=U]OUS. [L. _pascuum_,
pasture--_pasc[)e]re_, to feed.]
PASH, pash, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to strike, to dash, to crush.--_n._ a blow.
[Perh. imit.]
PASH, pash, _n._ (_Shak._) the head, the face.
PASHA, PACHA, pash'ä, _n._ a title given to Turkish officers who are
governors of provinces or hold high naval and military commands.--_ns._
PASH'ALIC, PACH'ALIC, the jurisdiction of a pasha. [Turk.,--Pers.
_p[=a]sh[=a]_, _p[=a]dsh[=a]h_.]
PASIGRAPHY, pa-sig'ra-fi, _n._ a system of language-signs universally
intelligible.--_adjs._ PASIGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_n._ PAS'ILALY, universal
speech. [Gr. _pas_, all, _graphein_, to write.]
PASQUE-FLOWER, pask'-flow'[.e]r, _n._ one of several genera of anemone,
blooming about Easter--also _Campana_ and _Dane-flower_.
PASQUIN, pas'kwin, _n._ a lampoon or satire--also PAS'QUIL.--_v.t._ and
_v.i._ to lampoon or satirise--also PAS'QUIL.--_ns._ PAS'QUILANT,
PAS'QUILER, PASQUIN[=A]'DER, a lampooner; PASQUIN[=A]DE', a
lampoon.--_v.t._ to lampoon. [_Pasquino_, a sarcastic tailor in Rome in the
15th century, near whose house a mutilated statue was dug up just after his
death, on which lampoons were posted.]
PASS, pas, _v.i._ to pace or walk onward: to move from one place or state
to another: to travel: to change: to circulate: to be regarded: to go by:
to go unheeded or neglected: to elapse, as time: to be finished: to move
away: to disappear: (_B._) to pass away: to go through an examination or an
inspection: to be approved: to meet with acceptance: to happen: to fall, as
by inheritance: to flow through: to thrust, as with a sword: to run, as a
road.--_v.t._ to go by, over, beyond, through, &c.: to spend: to omit: to
disregard: to surpass: to enact, or to be enacted by: to cause to move: to
send: to transfer: to give forth: to cause to go from one person or state
to another: to approve: to undergo successfully: to give circulation to:
(_fencing_) to thrust:--_pa.p._ passed and past.--_n._ a way through which
one passes: a narrow passage, esp. over or through a range of mountains: a
narrow defile: a passport: state or condition: a written permission to go
out or in anywhere: a ticket: (_fencing_) a thrust: success in any
examination or other test, a certificate of having reached a certain
standard--without honours.--_adj._ PASS'ABLE, that may be passed, travelled
over, or navigated: that may bear inspection: that may be accepted or
allowed to pass: a little above the common: tolerable.--_n._
PASS'ABLENESS.--_adv._ PASS'ABLY.--_ns._ PASS'BOOK, a book that passes
between a trader and his customer, in which credit purchases are entered: a
bank-book; PASS'-CHECK, a ticket of admission to a place, or of readmission
when one goes out intending to return; PASS'ER, one who passes; PASS'ER-BY,
one who passes by or near; PASS'KEY, a key enabling one to enter a house: a
key for opening several locks.--_adj._ PASS'LESS, having no pass:
impassable.--_ns._ PASS'MAN, one who gains a degree or pass without honours
at a university; PASS'PORT, a warrant of protection and permission to
travel; PASS'WORD (_mil._), a private word by which a friend is
distinguishable from a stranger, enabling one to pass or enter a camp,
&c.--PASS MUSTER, to go through an inspection without fault being found;
PASS OFF, to impose fraudulently, to palm off; PASS ON, to go forward: to
proceed; PASS ON, or UPON, to come upon, to happen to: to give judgment or
sentence upon: to practise artfully, to impose upon, to palm off; PASS
OVER, or BY, to go to the other side of: to cross, to go past without
visiting or halting: to overlook, to disregard; PASS THE TIME OF DAY, to
exchange any ordinary greeting of civility; PASS THROUGH, to undergo,
experience.--BRING TO PASS, to cause to happen; COME TO PASS, to happen.
[O. Fr. _passer_--It. _passare_--_passus_, a step.]
PASSADE, pa-s[=a]d', _n._ (_Shak._) a push or thrust with a sword: the
motion of a horse turning backwards or forwards on the same spot of
ground.--Also PASS[=A]'DO.
PASSAGE, pas'[=a]j, _n._ act of passing: a moving from one place or state
to another: a journey, as in a ship: course: time occupied in passing:
means of passing in or out: a way: entrance: enactment of a law: right of
passing: price paid for passing or for being conveyed between two places:
occurrence, any incident or episode: a single clause or part of a book,
&c.: a modulation in music: (_B._) a mountain-pass: ford of a river:
(_zool._) migratory habits.--_v.i._ to cross: to walk sideways, of a
horse.--PASSAGE OF ARMS, any feat of arms: a quarrel, esp. of words.--BIRD
OF PASSAGE, a bird that passes from one climate to another at the change of
the seasons.
PASSAMEZZO. See PASSY-MEASURE.
PASSANT, pas'ant, _adj._ (_her._) walking. [Fr.]
PASSÉ, pas-s[=a]', _adj._ past one's best, faded, past the heyday of life:
nearly out of date:--_fem._ PASSÉE. [Fr., pa.p. of _passer_, to pass.]
PASSEMENTERIE, pas-men-te-r[=e]', _n._ trimming for dresses, as beaded
lace. [Fr.]
PASSENGER, pas'en-j[.e]r, _n._ one who passes: one who travels in some
public conveyance.--PASSENGER PIGEON, a species of pigeon, a native of
North America, having a small head and short bill, a very long,
wedge-shaped tail, and long and pointed wings; PASSENGER TRAIN, a
railway-train for the conveyance of passengers. [O. Fr. _passagier_ (Fr.
_passager_), with inserted _n_, as in _messenger_, _nightingale_.]
PASSE-PARTOUT, pas'-par-t[=oo]', _n._ a means of passing anywhere: a
master-key: a kind of simple picture-frame, usually of pasteboard, within
which the picture is fixed by strips of paper pasted over the edges. [Fr.,
a 'master-key,' from _passer_, to pass, _par_, over, _tout_, all.]
PASSEPIED, pas'py[=a], _n._ a dance like the minuet, but quicker. [Fr.]
PASSERES, pas'e-rez, _n.pl._ the name given by Cuvier to the order of birds
otherwise called _Insessores_, comprising more than half of all the
birds.--_adj._ PASS'ERINE, relating to the _Passeres_, an order of which
the sparrow is the type. [L. _passer_, a sparrow.]
PASSIBLE, pas'i-bl, _adj._ susceptible of suffering, or of impressions from
external agents.--_ns._ PASSIBIL'ITY, PASS'IBLENESS, the quality of being
passible.--_adv._ PASS'IBLY, in a passible manner. [L.
_passibilis_--_pati_, _passus_, to suffer.]
PASSIM, pas'im, _adv._ here and there. [L.]
PASSIMETER, pa-sim'e-ter, _n._ a pocket pedometer.
PASSING, pas'ing, _adj._ going by, through, or away: happening now:
surpassing.--_adv._ exceedingly: very.--_ns._ PASS'ING-BELL, a bell tolled
immediately after a person's death, originally to invite prayers for the
soul passing into eternity; PASS'ING-NOTE (_mus._), a smaller note marking
a tone introduced between two others, to effect a smooth passage from the
one to the other, but forming no essential part of the harmony.
PASSION, pash'un, _n._ power of feeling pain or suffering: strong feeling
or agitation of mind, esp. rage: ardent love: eager desire: state of the
soul when receiving an impression: suffering or passive condition, as
opposed to _Action_: the sufferings, esp. the death, of Christ: (_pl._)
excited conditions of mind.--_ns._ PASSIFL[=O]'RA, a genus of climbing
herbs or shrubs, the passion-flowers; PASS'IONAL, PASS'IONARY, a book
containing accounts of the sufferings of saints and martyrs.--_adjs._
PASS'IONAL, influenced by passion; PASS'IONATE, moved by passion: showing
strong and warm feeling: easily moved to anger: intense.--_adv._
PASS'IONATELY.--_n._ PASS'IONATENESS.--_adj._ PASS'IONED, moved by passion:
expressing passion.--_ns._ PASS'ION-FLOW'ER, a flower so called from a
fancied resemblance to a crown of thorns, the emblem of Christ's passion;
PASS'IONIST (_R.C._), one of a religious congregation devoted to the
commemoration of the Passion of Christ by missions, &c.--_adj._
PASS'IONLESS, free from passion: not easily excited to anger.--_n._
PASS'ION-M[=U]'SIC, music to which words describing the sufferings and
death of Christ are set.--_adj._ PASS'ION-PALE (_Tenn._), pale with
passion.--_ns._ PASS'ION-PLAY, a religious drama representing the
sufferings and death of Christ; PASS'ION-SUN'DAY, the fifth Sunday in Lent;
PASS'ION-WEEK, name commonly given in England to Holy-week (as being the
week of Christ's passion); but, according to proper rubrical usage, the
week preceding Holy-week. [Fr.,--L. _passio_, _passionis_--_passus_, pa.p.
of _pati_, to suffer.]
PASSIVE, pas'iv, _adj._ suffering, unresisting: not acting: (_gram._)
expressing the suffering of an action by the subject of the verb.--_adv._
PASS'IVELY.--_ns._ PASS'IVENESS, PASSIV'ITY, inactivity: patience: tendency
of a body to preserve a given state, either of motion or of rest. [Fr.,--L.
_passivus_--_pati_, suffer.]
PASSMAN. See PASS.
PASSOVER, pas'[=o]-v[.e]r, _n._ annual feast of the Jews, to commemorate
the destroying angel passing over the houses of the Israelites when he slew
the first-born of the Egyptians.--_adj._ pertaining to the Passover.
PASSY-MEASURE, pas'si-mezh'[=u]r, _n._ (_Shak._) an old stately kind of
dance, called also _Passamezzo_. [It. _passamezzo_--_passare_, to
pass--_passo_--L. _passus_, a pace, _mezzo_--L. _medius_, the middle.]
PAST, past, _pa.p._ of PASS.--_adj._ gone by: elapsed: ended: now retired
from service: in time already passed.--_prep._ farther than: out of reach
of: no longer capable of.--_adv._ by.--THE PAST, that which has passed,
esp. time.
PASTE, p[=a]st, _n._ a mass of anything made soft by wetting: flour and
water forming dough for pies, &c.: a cement made of flour, water, &c.: a
fine kind of glass for making artificial gems.--_v.t._ to fasten with
paste.--_n._ PASTE'BOARD, a stiff board made of sheets of paper pasted
together, &c.--_adj._ made of such, unsubstantial. [O. Fr. _paste_ (Fr.
_pâte_)--Late L. _pasta_--Gr. _past[=e]_, a mess of food--_pastos_,
salted--_passein_, to sprinkle.]
PASTEL, pas'tel, _n._ chalk mixed with other materials and various colours
for crayons, a drawing made with such, also the art: woad.--_n._
PAS'TELIST.[Fr. _pastel_--It. _pastello_--L. _pastillus_, a small
loaf--_pasc[)e]re_, _pastum_, to feed.]
PASTERN, pas't[.e]rn, _n._ the part of a horse's foot from the fetlock to
the hoof, where the shackle is fastened. [O. Fr. _pasturon_ (Fr.
_pâturon_)--O. Fr. _pasture_, pasture, a tether for a horse.]
PASTEURISM, pas-t[.e]r'izm, _n._ the method of inoculation with the
attenuated virus of certain diseases, esp. hydrophobia, as introduced by
Louis _Pasteur_ (1822-95).--_adj._ PASTEUR'IAN.--_n._ PASTEURIS[=A]'TION, a
method of arresting the fermentation in beer, wine, &c. by heating to at
least 140° F.--_v.t._ PASTEUR'ISE.
PASTICHE, pas-t[=e]sh', _n._ a mixture of many parts of different kinds,
used of _music_, _painting_, &c.: a work in literature or art in direct
imitation of another's style.--Also PASTIC'CIO. [It. _pasticcio_.]
PASTIL, pas'til, _n._ Same as PASTEL.
PASTILLE, pas-t[=e]l', _n._ a small cone of charcoal and aromatic
substances, burned either as incense, or as a means of diffusing an
agreeable odour: a small aromatic confection: a paper tube containing a
firework which causes a small wheel to rotate in burning: (_art_) the same
as _pastel_--also PAS'TIL.--_n._ PAS'TILLAGE.[Fr.,--L. _pastillus_, a small
loaf.]
PASTIME, pas't[=i]m, _n._ that which serves to pass away the time:
amusement: recreation.
PASTOR, pas'tur, _n._ one who has care of a flock: a shepherd: a
clergyman.--_adj._ PAS'TORAL, relating to shepherds or to shepherd life:
rustic: of or pertaining to the pastor of a church: addressed to the clergy
of a diocese by their bishop.--_n._ a poem which describes the scenery and
life of the country: a letter or an address by a pastor to his people, or
by a bishop to his clergy: (_mus._) a simple melody.--_n._ PAS'TORALISM,
pastoral character.--_adv._ PAS'TORALLY.--_ns._ PAS'TORATE, PAS'TORSHIP,
the office of a pastor: the time during which one has been a pastor: the
whole body of pastors in one church or district.--_adj._ PAS'TORLY,
becoming a pastor.--PASTORAL ADDRESS, or LETTER (see PASTORAL, _n._);
PASTORAL CHARGE, position of a pastor: the church, &c., over which a pastor
is placed: an address to a newly ordained minister; PASTORAL EPISTLES,
those in the New Test. to Timothy and Titus; PASTORAL STAFF, a tall staff
borne as an emblem of episcopal authority, headed like a shepherd's crook,
or having a T-shaped head; PASTORAL THEOLOGY, that part of theology which
treats of the duties of pastors; PASTORAL WORK, the work of a pastor in
visiting his people. [L., _pasc[)e]re_, _pastum_, to feed.]
PASTOR, pas'tur, _n._ a beautiful bird allied to the starlings, native to
Western Asia.
PASTORALE, pas-t[=o]-rä'le, _n._ a variety of opera or cantata
characterised by the idyllic or pastoral element: a vocal or instrumental
piece intended to suggest pastoral life: one of the simple traditional
open-air dramas still kept up among the Basques: one of the figures of a
quadrille.--Also PASTOURELLE'.
PASTRY, p[=a]s'tri, _n._ articles made of paste or dough: crust of pies,
tarts, &c.: act or art of making articles of paste.--_n._ P[=A]S'TRYCOOK,
one who cooks or sells pastry. [_Paste._]
PASTURE, past'[=u]r, _n._ grass for grazing: ground covered with grass for
grazing.--_v.t._ to feed on pasture: to supply with grass.--_v.i._ to feed
on pasture: to graze.--_adj._ PAST'[=U]RABLE, that can be pastured: fit for
pasture.--_ns._ PAST'[=U]RAGE, the business of feeding or grazing cattle:
pasture-land: grass for feeding; PAST'[=U]RE-LAND, land appropriated to
pasture.--_adj._ PAST'[=U]RELESS, destitute of pasture. [O. Fr. _pasture_
(Fr. _pâture_)--L. _pastura_--_pasc[)e]re_, _pastum_, to feed.]
PASTY, p[=a]s'ti, _adj._ like paste.--_n._ a small pie of meat and crust
baked without a dish.
PAT, pat, _n._ a light, quick blow, as with the hand.--_v.t._ to strike
gently: to tap:--_pr.p._ pat'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pat'ted.--PAT ON THE
BACK, to mark approval by patting on the back, to patronise. [Imit.]
PAT, pat, _n._ a small, moulded lump of butter. [Celt., as Ir. _pait_, a
lump.]
PAT, pat, _adj._ fitly: at the right time or place.--_adv._ PAT'LY, fitly,
conveniently.--_n._ PAT'NESS, fitness, appropriateness. [_Pat_, a light
blow.]
PATAGIUM, pat-[=a]-j[=i]'um, _n._ the wing-membrane of a bat, &c.: the
parachute of a flying squirrel, &c.: the fold of integument between the
upper arm and the forearm of a bird: one of the scales affixed to the
pronotum of lepidopterous insects--the _tegula_. [L., 'a gold edging.']
PATAMAR, pat'a-mär, _n._ a vessel on the Bombay coast, with arched keel,
and great stem and stern rake.
PATAVINITY, pat-a-vin'i-ti, _n._ the style of Padua (L. _Patavium_), esp.
the diction of Livy, a native of Patavium, hence provincialism generally.
PATCH, pach, _v.t._ to mend by putting in a piece: to repair clumsily: to
make up of pieces: to make hastily.--_n._ a piece sewed or put on to mend a
defect: anything like a patch: a small piece of ground: a plot: (_Shak._) a
paltry fellow, a fool--properly a jester: (_print._) an overlay to obtain a
stronger impression: a small piece of black silk, &c., stuck by ladies on
the face, to bring out the complexion by contrast--common in the 17th and
18th centuries.--_adj._ PATCH'ABLE.--_ns._ PATCH'-BOX, a fancy box for
holding the patches worn on the face, generally having a mirror inside the
lid; PATCH'ER, one who patches; PATCH'ERY (_Shak._), bungling work;
PATCH'WORK, work formed of patches or pieces sewed together: work patched
up or clumsily executed.--_adj._ PATCH'Y, covered with patches:
inharmonious, incongruous.--NOT A PATCH ON, not fit to be compared with.
[Low Ger. _patschen_; prob. conn. with _piece_.]
PATCHOCKE, pach'ok, _n._ (_Spens._) a clown. [_Patch._]
PATCHOULI, pa-ch[=oo]'li, _n._ a perfume got from the dried branches of the
patchouli shrub, 2-3 ft. high: the plant itself.--Also PATCHOU'LY. [Tamil,
_patchei_, gum, _elei_, a leaf.]
PATE, p[=a]t, _n._ the crown of the head: the head.--_adj._ P[=A]T'ED,
having a pate. [Through O. Fr., from Ger. _platte_, a plate; cf. Low L.
_platta_, tonsure.]
PÂTÉ, pä-t[=a]', _n._ pie: pasty.--PÂTÉ DE FOIE GRAS, pasty of fat goose
liver: Strasburg pie. [Fr.]
PATELLA, pa-tel'la, _n._ a little dish or vase: the knee-pan: a genus of
gasteropodous univalve molluscs: the limpet.--_adjs._ PATEL'LAR, pertaining
to the patella or knee-cap; PATEL'LATE or PATEL'LULATE; PATEL'LIFORM, of
the form of a small dish or saucer. [L., dim. of _patina_, a pan.]
PATEN, pat'en, _n._ the plate for the bread in the Eucharist. [Fr.,--L.
_patina_, a plate--Gr. _patan[=e]_.]
PATENT, p[=a]'tent, or pat'ent, _adj._ lying open: conspicuous: public:
protected by a patent: (_bot._) spreading: expanding.--_n._ an official
document, open, and having the Great Seal of the government attached to it,
conferring an exclusive right or privilege, as a title of nobility, or the
sole right for a term of years to the proceeds of an invention: something
invented and protected by a patent.--_v.t._ P[=A]'TENT, to grant or secure
by patent.--_adj._ P[=A]'TENTABLE, capable of being patented.--_ns._
P[=A]TENTEE', one who holds a patent, or to whom a patent is granted--also
P[=A]'TENTER; P[=A]'TENT-LEATH'ER, a kind of leather to which a permanently
polished surface is given by a process of japanning; P[=A]'TENTOR, one who
grants or who secures a patent; P[=A]'TENT-RIGHT, the exclusive right
reserved by letters-patent.--_n.pl._ P[=A]'TENT-ROLLS, the register of
letters-patent issued in England.--PATENT MEDICINE, a medicine sold under
the authority of letters-patent, any proprietary medicine generally on
which stamp-duty is paid; PATENT OFFICE, an office for the granting of
patents for inventions; PATENT OUTSIDE, or INSIDE, a newspaper printed on
the outside or inside only, sold to a publisher who fills the other side
with his own material, as local news, &c. [Fr.,--L. _patens_, _-entis_,
pr.p. of _pat[=e]re_, to lie open.]
PATERA, pat'e-rä, _n._ a round flat dish for receiving a sacrificial
libation among the Romans: (_archit._) the representation of such in
bas-relief in friezes, &c.--often applied loosely to rosettes and other
flat ornaments:--_pl._ PAT'ERÆ (-r[=e]).--_adj._ PAT'ERIFORM.
[L.,--_pat[=e]re_, to lie open.]
PATERCOVE, pat'[.e]r-k[=o]v, _n._ Same as PATRICO.
PATERERO, pat-e-r[=a]'ro, _n._:--_pl._ PATERE'ROES (-r[=o]z). Same as
PEDERERO.
PATERFAMILIAS, p[=a]-t[.e]r-fa-mil'i-as, _n._ the father or head of a
family or household:--_pl._ P[=A]TRESFAMIL'IAS. [L. _pater_, a father,
_familias_, arch. form of _familiæ_, gen. of _familia_, a household.]
PATERNAL, pa-t[.e]r'nal, _adj._ fatherly: showing the disposition of a
father: derived from a father: hereditary.--_n._ PATER'NALISM.--_adv._
PATER'NALLY.--_n._ PATER'NITY, state of being a father: fatherhood: the
relation of a father to his children: origination or authorship. [Fr.
_paternel_--Low L. _paternalis_--L. _paternus_--_pater_ (Gr. _pat[=e]r_), a
father.]
PATERNOSTER, p[=a]'t[.e]r-nos-t[.e]r, or pat-[.e]r-nos't[.e]r, _n._ the
Lord's Prayer: every eleventh bead in a R.C. rosary, at which, in telling
their beads, the Lord's Prayer is repeated: the whole rosary: anything made
of objects strung together like a rosary, esp. a fishing-line with hooks at
intervals: (_archit._) an ornament shaped like beads, used in astragals,
&c. [L. _Pater noster_, 'Our Father,' the first two words of the Lord's
Prayer in Latin.]
PATH, päth, _n._ a way trodden out by the feet: track: road: course of
action or conduct:--_pl._ PATHS (pä_th_z).--_n._ PATH'FINDER, one who
explores the route, a pioneer.--_adj._ PATH'LESS, without a path:
untrodden. [A.S. _pæth_, _path_; Ger. _pfad_, Gr. _patos_, L. _pons_,
_pontis_, a bridge.]
PATHAN, pa-than', _n._ an Afghan proper, one of Afghan race settled in
India.
PATHETIC, -AL, pa-thet'ik, -al, _adj._ showing passion: affecting the
tender emotions: causing pity, grief, or sorrow: touching: (_anat._)
trochlear.--_adj._ PATHEMAT'IC, pertaining to emotion.--_adv._
PATHET'ICALLY.--_ns._ PATHET'ICALNESS; PATH'ETISM, animal magnetism;
PATH'ETIST, one who practises this.--THE PATHETIC, the style or manner
fitted to excite emotion. [Gr. _path[=e]tikos_, subject to suffering.]
PATHIC, path'ik, _adj._ pertaining to disease.--_ns._ PATHOGEN'ESIS,
PATHOG'ENY, mode of production or development of disease.--_adjs._
PATHOGENET'IC, PATHOGEN'IC, PATHOG'ENOUS, producing disease.
PATHOGNOMONIC, p[=a]-thog-n[=o]-mon'ik. _adj._ characteristic of a
disease.--_n._ PATHOG'NOMY. [Gr. _pathos_, suffering, _gn[=o]m[=o]n_, a
judge.]
PATHOLOGY, pa-thol'o-ji, _n._ science of the nature, causes, and remedies
of diseases: the whole of the morbid conditions in a disease.--_adjs._
PATHOLOG'IC, -AL.--_adv._ PATHOLOG'ICALLY.--_ns._ PATHOL'OGIST, one versed
in pathology; PATHOPH[=O]'BIA, morbid dread of disease. [Fr.,--Gr.
_pathos_, suffering, _logos_, discourse.]
PATHOS, p[=a]'thos, _n._ that in anything (as a word, a look, &c.) which
touches the feelings or raises the tender emotions: the expression of deep
feeling.--_n._ PATHOM'ETRY, the distinction of suffering into different
kinds. [Gr., from _pathein_, 2 aorist of _paschein_, to suffer, feel.]
PATHWAY, päth'w[=a], _n._ a path or way: a footpath: course of action.
PATIBULARY, p[=a]-tib'[=u]-la-ri, _adj._ of or pertaining to a gibbet or
gallows. [L. _patibulum_, a gibbet.]
PATIENCE, p[=a]'shens, _n._ quality of being patient or able calmly to
endure: (_Shak._) permission: a card-game, same as Solitaire
(q.v.).--_adj._ P[=A]'TIENT, sustaining pain, &c., without repining: not
easily provoked: not in a hurry: persevering: expecting with calmness:
long-suffering.--_n._ one who bears or suffers: a person under medical
treatment.--_adv._ P[=A]'TIENTLY. [Fr.,--L. _patentia_--_patiens_--_pati_,
to bear.]
PATIN, PATINE, pat'in, _n._ Same as PATEN.
PATINA, pat'i-na, _n._ a bowl, pan, patella: the encrustation which age
gives to works of art: the peculiar varnish-like rust which covers ancient
bronzes and medals.--_adj._ PAT'IN[=A]TED.--_n._ PATIN[=A]'TION. [It.,--L.
_patina_, a dish, a kind of cake.]
PATIO, pat'i-[=o], _n._ a courtyard connected with a house. [Sp.,--L.
_spatium_, a space.]
PATLY, PATNESS. See PAT (3).
PATOIS, pat'waw, _n._ a vulgar or provincial dialect. [Fr., orig.
_patrois_--L. _patriensis_, indigenous--_patria_, one's native country.]
PATONCE, pa-tons', _n._ (_her._) a cross whose four arms expand in curves
from the centre, with floriated ends.--_adj._ PATONCÉE. [Fr.,--L.
_pat[=e]re_, to expand.]
PATRES CONSCRIPTI, p[=a]'tres kon-skrip't[=i], _n.pl._ conscript fathers:
the senators of ancient Rome. [L. _patres_, pl. of _pater_, a father,
_conscripti_, pl. of _conscriptus_,--_conscrib[)e]re_, to enrol.]
PATRIAL, p[=a]'tri-al, _adj._ designating a race or nation.--_n._ a noun
derived from the name of a country.
PATRIA POTESTAS, p[=a]'tri-ä p[=o]-tes'tas, _n._ a father's control over
his family, in ancient Rome, which was almost unlimited. [L.]
PATRIARCH, p[=a]'tri-ärk, _n._ one who governs his family by paternal
right: (_B._) one of the early heads of families from Adam downwards to
Abraham, Jacob, and his sons: in Eastern churches, a dignitary superior to
an archbishop.--_adjs._ PATRIARCH'AL, PATRIARCH'IC, belonging or subject to
a patriarch: like a patriarch: of the nature of a patriarch.--_ns._
P[=A]'TRIARCHALISM, the condition of tribal government by a patriarch;
P[=A]'TRIARCHATE, the office or jurisdiction of a patriarch or church
dignitary: the residence of a patriarch; P[=A]'TRIARCHISM, government by a
patriarch; P[=A]'TRIARCHY, a community of related families under the
authority of a patriarch. [O. Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _patriarch[=e]s_--_pat[=e]r_,
father, _arch[=e]_, beginning.]
PATRICIAN, pa-trish'an, _n._ a nobleman in ancient Rome, being a descendant
of one of the fathers or first Roman senators: a nobleman.--_adj._
pertaining to the ancient senators of Rome or to their descendants: of
noble birth.--_n._ PATRIC'IATE, the position or duties of a patrician: the
patrician order. [L. _patricius_--_pater_, _patris_, a father.]
PATRICIDE, pat'ri-s[=i]d, _n._ the murder or the murderer of one's own
father.--_adj._ PAT'RIC[=I]DAL, relating to patricide or the murder of a
father. [L. _patricida_--_pater_, _patris_, father, _cæd[)e]re_, to kill.]
PATRICO, pat'ri-k[=o], _n._ (_slang_) a gipsy or beggars'
hedge-priest.--Also PAT'ERCOVE.
PATRIMONY, pat'ri-mun-i, _n._ a right or estate inherited from a father or
from one's ancestors: a church estate or revenue.--_adj._ PATRIM[=O]'NIAL,
pertaining to a patrimony: inherited from ancestors.--_adv._
PATRIM[=O]'NIALLY. [Fr. _patrimoine_--L. _patrimonium_, a paternal
estate--_pater_, _patris_, a father.]
PATRIOT, p[=a]'tri-ot, or pat'-, _n._ one who truly loves and serves his
fatherland.--_adj._ devoted to one's country.--_adj._ P[=A]TRIOT'IC, like a
patriot: actuated by a love of one's country: directed to the public
welfare.--_adv._ P[=A]TRIOT'ICALLY.--_n._ P[=A]'TRIOTISM, quality of being
patriotic: love of one's country. [Fr.,--Low L.,--Gr.
_patri[=o]t[=e]s_--_patrios_--_pat[=e]r_, a father.]
PATRIPASSIAN, p[=a]-tri-pas'i-an, _n._ a member of one of the earliest
classes of anti-Trinitarian sectaries (2d century), who denied the
distinction of three persons in one God, maintaining that the sufferings of
the Son could be predicated of the Father. [L. _pater_, father, _pati_,
_passus_, to suffer.]
PATRISTIC, -AL, pa-tris'tik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to the fathers of the
Christian Church.--_ns._ P[=A]'TRIST, one versed in patristics;
PATRIS'TICISM, mode of thought, &c., of the fathers.--_n.pl._ PATRIS'TICS,
the knowledge of the fathers as a subject of study--sometimes PATROL'OGY.
[Fr., coined from L. _pater_, _patris_, a father.]
PATROL, pa-tr[=o]l', _v.i._ to go the rounds in a camp or garrison: to
watch and protect.--_v.t._ to pass round as a sentry:--_pr.p._
patr[=o]l'ling; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ patr[=o]lled'.--_n._ the marching round
of a guard in the night: the guard or men who make a patrol: (also
PATR[=O]L'MAN) a policeman who walks about a certain beat for a specified
time, such policemen collectively. [O. Fr. _patrouille_, a patrol,
_patrouiller_, to march in the mud, through a form _patouiller_, from
_pate_ (mod. _patte_), the paw or foot of a beast, of Teut. origin, cf.
Ger. _patsche_, little hand.]
PATRON, p[=a]'trun, _n._ a protector: one who countenances or encourages:
one who has the right to appoint to any office, esp. to a living in the
church: a guardian saint:--_fem._ P[=A]'TRONESS.--_v.t._ to treat as a
patron.--_n._ P[=A]'TRONAGE, the support given by a patron: guardianship of
saints: the right of bestowing offices, privileges, or church
benefices.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to support.--_adj._ P[=A]'TRONAL.--_n._
P[=A]TRONIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ P[=A]'TRON[=I]SE, to act as a patron toward:
to give countenance or encouragement to: to assume the air of a patron
towards.--_n._ P[=A]'TRON[=I]SER.--_adj._ P[=A]'TRON[=I]SING.--_adv._
P[=A]'TRON[=I]SINGLY.--_adj._ P[=A]'TRONLESS. [Fr.,--L.
_patronus_--_pater_, _patris_, a father.]
PATRONYMIC, -AL, pat-r[=o]-nim'ik, -al, _adj._ derived from the name of a
father or an ancestor.--_n._ PATRONYM'IC, a name taken from one's father or
ancestor. [Gr. _pat[=e]r_, a father, _onoma_, a name.]
PATROON, p[=a]-tr[=oo]n', _n._ one who received a grant of land under the
old Dutch governments of New York and New Jersey.--_n._ PATROON'SHIP.
[Dut.; cf. _Patron_.]
PATTE, pat, _n._ a narrow band keeping a belt or sash in its place. [Fr.]
PATTÉ, PATTÉE, pa-t[=a]', _adj._ (_her._) spreading toward the extremity.
[O. Fr. _patte_, a paw.]
PATTEN, pat'en, _n._ a wooden sole with an iron ring, worn under the shoe
to keep it from the wet: the iron hoop attached to the boot in cases of
hip-joint disease: the base of a pillar.--_v.i._ to go about on
pattens.--_adj._ PATT'ENED, provided with pattens. [O. Fr. _patin_,
clog--_patte_.]
PATTER, pat'[.e]r, _v.i._ to pat or strike often, as hailstones: to make
the sound of short quick steps:--_pr.p._ patt'ering; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._
patt'ered. [A freq. of _pat_.]
PATTER, pat'[.e]r, _v.i._ to repeat the Lord's Prayer: to pray: to repeat
over and over again indistinctly, to mumble.--_v.t._ to repeat hurriedly,
to mutter.--_n._ glib talk, chatter: the cant of a class.--_ns._ PATT'ERER,
one who sells articles on the street by speechifying; PATT'ER-SONG, a comic
song in which a great many words are sung or spoken very rapidly.--PATTER
FLASH, to talk the jargon of thieves. [_Pater-noster_.]
PATTERN, pat'[.e]rn, _n._ a person or thing to be copied: a model: an
example: style of ornamental work: anything to serve as a guide in forming
objects: the distribution of shot in a target at which a gun is
fired.--_ns._ PATT'ERN-BOOK, a book containing designs of lace, &c., or in
which patterns of cloth, &c., are pasted; PATT'ERN-BOX, in weaving, a box
at each side of a loom containing the various shuttles that may be used;
PATT'ERN-CARD, a piece of cardboard on which specimens of cloth are fixed;
PATT'ERN-MAK'ER, one who makes the patterns for moulders in foundry-work;
PATT'ERN-SHOP, the place in which patterns for a factory are prepared;
PATT'ERN-WHEEL, the count-wheel in a clock movement. [Fr. _patron_, a
protector, pattern.]
PATTLE, pat'l, _n._ a paddle.
PATTY, pat'i, _n._ a little pie:--_pl._ PATT'IES.--_n._ PATT'Y-PAN, a pan
in which to bake these. [Fr. _pâté_.]
PATULOUS, pat'[=u]-lus, _adj._ spreading.
PAUCITY, paw'sit-i, _n._ fewness: smallness of number or quantity.
[Fr.,--L. _paucitas_--_paucus_, few.]
PAUL. Same as PAWL.
PAULDRON, pawl'dron, _n._ a separable shoulder-plate in medieval armour.
[O. Fr. _espalleron_--_espalle_, the shoulder.]
PAULICIAN, paw-lish'an, _n._ a member of a Dualistic Eastern sect, founded
about 660, professing peculiar reverence for _Paul_ and his writings.
PAULINE, paw'l[=i]n, _adj._ of or belonging to the Apostle _Paul_.--_ns._
PAUL'INISM, the teaching or theology of Paul; PAUL'INIST, a follower of
Paul.
PAULO-POST-FUTURE, paw'l[=o]-p[=o]st-f[=u]'t[=u]r, _adj._ and _n._ the
future perfect tense in grammar.
PAUNCH, pawnsh, or pänsh, _n._ the belly: the first and largest stomach of
a ruminant.--_v.t._ to eviscerate.--_adj._ PAUNCH'Y, big-bellied. [O. Fr.
_panche_ (Fr. _panse_)--L. _pantex_, _panticis_.]
PAUPER, paw'p[.e]r, _n._ a very poor or destitute person: one supported by
charity or by some public provision:--_fem._ PAU'PERESS.--_n._
PAUPERIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ PAU'PERISE, to reduce to pauperism.--_n._
PAU'PERISM, state of being a pauper. [L.]
PAUSE, pawz, _n._ a ceasing: a temporary stop: cessation caused by doubt:
suspense: a mark for suspending the voice: (_mus._) a mark showing
continuance of a note or rest.--_v.i._ to make a pause.--_adjs._ PAUS'AL;
PAUSE'LESS.--_adv._ PAUSE'LESSLY.--_n._ PAUS'ER, one who pauses or
deliberates.--_adv._ PAUS'INGLY, with pauses: by breaks: deliberately.
[Fr.,--L. _pausa_--Gr. _pausis_, from _pauein_, to cause to cease.]
PAVAN, pav'an, _n._ (_Shak._) a slow dance, much practised in Spain: music
for this dance.--Also PAV'EN, PAV'IN. [Fr.,--Sp. _pavana_, _pavon_--L.
_pavo_, peacock; or It., for _Padovana_, pertaining to _Padua_.]
PAVE, p[=a]v, _v.t._ to lay down stone, &c., to form a level surface for
walking on: to prepare, as a way or passage: to make easy and smooth in any
way.--_ns._ P[=A]'VAGE, P[=A]'VIAGE, money paid towards paving
streets.--_adj._ P[=A]VED--also P[=A]'VEN.--_ns._ PAVE'MENT, a paved road,
floor, or side-walk, or that with which it is paved; P[=A]'VER, P[=A]'VIER,
P[=A]'VIOR, P[=A]'VIOUR, one who lays pavements; P[=A]'VING, the act of
laying pavement: pavement.--_adj._ employed or spent for paving.--PAVE THE
WAY, to prepare the way for. [Fr. _paver_--L. _pav[=i]re_, to beat hard;
cog. with Gr. _paiein_, to beat.]
PAVID, pav'id, _adj._ timid. [L. _pavidus_.]
PAVILION, pa-vil'yun, _n._ a tent: an ornamental building often turreted or
domed: (_mil._) a tent raised on posts: a canopy or covering: the outer
ear: a flag or ensign carried at the gaff of the mizzenmast.--_v.t._ to
furnish with pavilions: to shelter, as with a tent.--_n._ PAVIL'ION-ROOF, a
roof sloping equally on all sides. [Fr. _pavillon_--L. _papilio_, a
butterfly, a tent.]
PAVISE, pav'is, _n._ a shield for the whole body. [Fr.,--Low L. _pavensis_,
prob. from _Pavia_ in Italy.]
PAVON, pav'on, _n._ a small triangular flag attached to a lance. [L.
_pavo_, a peacock.]
PAVONINE, pav'o-n[=i]n, _adj._ pertaining to the peacock: resembling the
tail of a peacock or made of its feathers: iridescent--also
PAV[=O]'NIAN.--_n._ PAV[=O]NE' (_Spens._), the peacock. [L.
_pavoninus_--_pavo_, _pavonis_, a peacock.]
PAW, paw, _n._ the foot of a beast of prey having claws: the hand, used in
contempt.--_v.i._ to draw the forefoot along the ground like a
horse.--_v.t._ to scrape with the forefoot: to handle with the paws: to
handle roughly: to flatter.--_adj._ PAWED, having paws: broad-footed. [O.
Fr. _poe_, _powe_, prob. Teut.; cf. Dut. _poot_, Ger. _pfote_. Perh.
related to O. Fr. _pate_ (cf. _Patrol_). But perh. Celt., as W. _pawen_, a
paw.]
PAWKY, pawk'i, _adj._ (_Scot._) sly, arch, shrewd.
PAWL, pawl, _n._ a short bar lying against a toothed wheel to prevent a
windlass, &c., from running back: a catch or click.--_v.t._ to stop by
means of a pawl. [W. _pawl_, a stake, conn. with L. _palus_, a stake.]
PAWN, pawn, _n._ something given as security for the repayment of money or
the performance of a promise: state of being pledged.--_v.t._ to give in
pledge.--_ns._ PAWN'BROKER, a broker who lends money on pawns or pledges;
PAWN'BROKING, the business of a pawnbroker; PAWNEE', one who takes anything
in pawn; PAWN'ER, one who gives a pawn or pledge as security for money
borrowed; PAWN'SHOP, a shop of a pawnbroker; PAWN'TICKET, a ticket marked
with the name of the article, the amount advanced, &c., delivered to the
person who has pawned anything.--AT PAWN, pledged, laid away. [O. Fr.
_pan_, prob. from L. _pannus_, a cloth.]
PAWN, pawn, _n._ a common piece in chess. [O. Fr. _paon_, a
foot-soldier--Low L. _pedo_, _pedonis_, a foot-soldier--L. _pes_, _pedis_,
the foot.]
PAWN, pawn, _n._ a gallery.
PAWNEE, paw'n[=e], _n._ one of a tribe of Indians in North America.--_adj._
belonging to this tribe.
PAX, paks, _n._ the kiss of peace (Rom. xvi. 16): a plaque or tablet used
in giving the kiss of peace when the mass is celebrated by a high
dignitary--a crucifix, a tablet with the image of Christ on the cross upon
it, or a reliquary.--PAX VOBIS, PAX VOBISCUM, peace (be) with you. [L.]
PAXWAX, paks'waks, _n._ the strong tendon in the neck of animals. [Orig.
_fax-wax_--A.S. _feax_, _fex_, hair, _weaxan_, to grow.]
PAY, p[=a], _v.t._ to satisfy or set at rest: to discharge, as a debt or a
duty: to requite with what is deserved: to reward: to punish: to give,
render.--_v.i._ to recompense: to be worth one's trouble: to be
profitable:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ paid.--_n._ that which satisfies: money
given for service: salary, wages.--_adj._ PAY'ABLE, that may be paid: that
ought to be paid: due.--_ns._ PAY'-BILL, a statement of moneys to be paid,
to workmen, soldiers, &c.; PAY'-CLERK, a clerk who pays wages; PAY'-DAY, a
regular day for payment, as of wages; PAY'-DIRT, -GRAV'EL, gravel or sand
containing enough gold to be worth working; PAYEE', one to whom money is
paid; PAY'ER; PAY'-LIST, -ROLL, a list of persons entitled to pay, with the
amounts due to each; PAY'MASTER, the master who pays: an officer in the
army or navy whose duty it is to pay soldiers, &c.; PAY'MENT, the act of
paying: the discharge of a debt by money or its equivalent in value: that
which is paid: recompense: reward: punishment; PAY'-OFF'ICE, the place
where payments are made; FULL'-PAY, the whole amount of wages, &c., without
deductions; HALF'-PAY (see HALF).--PAY DOWN, to pay in cash on the spot;
PAY FOR, to make amends for: to bear the expense of; PAY OFF, to discharge:
to take revenge upon: to requite: (_naut._) to fall away to leeward; PAY
OUT, to cause to run out, as rope; PAY ROUND, to turn the ship's head; PAY
THE PIPER, to have all expenses to pay.--IN THE PAY OF, hired by. [Fr.
_payer_--L. _pac[=a]re_, to appease; cf. _pax_, peace.]
PAY, p[=a], _v.t._ (_naut._, and in the proverb 'the devil to pay') to
smear with tar, pitch, &c. [Perh. through O. Fr. _peier_ (Sp. _empegar_)
from L. _pic[=a]re_, to pitch.]
PAYNE, p[=a]n, _v.i._ (_Spens._) to take pains, exert one's self.
PAYNIM, PAINIM, p[=a]'nim, _n._ a pagan: a heathen. [O. Fr. _paienisme_,
paganism--L. _paganismus_--_paganus_, a pagan.]
PAYNISE, p[=a]'n[=i]z, _v.t._ to harden and preserve, as wood, by
successive injections of solutions of calcium or barium sulphide followed
by calcium sulphate. [_Payne_, inventor of the process.]
PAYSAGE, p[=a]'s[=a]j, _n._ a landscape.--_n._ PAY'S[=A]GIST, a
landscape-painter. [Fr.]
PAYSE, p[=a]z, _v.i._ (_Spens._) to poise, to balance.
PEA, p[=e], _n._ a climbing annual herb of the bean family, whose seeds are
nutritious:--_pl._ PEAS, a definite number; PEASE, a quantity not
numbered.--_ns._ PEA'-R[=I]'FLE, a rifle throwing a very small bullet;
PEAS'COD, PEASE'COD, the pod or pericarp of the pea; PEA'-SHOOT'ER, a small
metal tube for blowing peas through; PEA'-STONE, pisolite.--EGYPTIAN PEA,
the chick-pea; FRENCH PEA, the common garden pea: (_pl._) canned peas made
up in France; SPLIT PEAS, peas stripped of their membraneous covering in a
mill, used for making pea-soup, or ground into meal; SWEET PEA, a climbing
annual with large and fragrant flowers. [M. E. _pese_, pl. _pesen_ and
_peses_--A.S. _pisa_, pl. _pisan_--L. _pisum_, Gr. _pison_.]
PEA, p[=e], _n._ a pea-fowl. See PEACOCK.
PEACE, p[=e]s, _n._ a state of quiet: freedom from disturbance: freedom
from war: friendliness: calm: rest: harmony: silence.--_interj._ silence:
be silent: hist!--_adj._ PEACE'ABLE, disposed to peace: free from war or
disturbance: quiet: tranquil.--_n._ PEACE'ABLENESS.--_adv._
PEACE'ABLY.--_n._ PEACE'-BREAK'ER, one who breaks or disturbs the peace of
others.--_adj._ PEACE'FUL, full of peace: quiet: tranquil: calm:
serene.--_adv._ PEACE'FULLY.--_n._ PEACE'FULNESS.--_adj._ PEACE'LESS,
without peace.--_ns._ PEACE'LESSNESS; PEACE'MAKER, one who makes or
produces peace; one who reconciles enemies; PEACE'-OFF'ERING, an offering
bringing about peace: among the Jews, an offering to God, either in
gratitude for past or petition for future mercies (see Lev. iii.; vii.
11-21): satisfaction to an offended person; PEACE'-OFF'ICER, an officer
whose duty it is to preserve the peace: a police-officer.--_adj._
PEACE'-PART'ED (_Shak._), dismissed from the world in peace.--_n._
PEACE'-PAR'TY, a political party advocating the making or the preservation
of peace; PEACE'-PIPE (see CALUMET).--PEACE ESTABLISHMENT, the reduced
military strength maintained in time of peace; PEACE OF GOD, the ancient
cessation from suits between terms, and on Sundays and holy days.--BREACH
OF THE PEACE (see BREACH); HOLD ONE'S PEACE, to be silent; KEEP PEACE,
abstain from breaking the peace of others; KISS OF PEACE (see KISS);
LETTERS OF PEACE (see PACIFY); MAKE ONE'S PEACE WITH, to reconcile or to be
reconciled with; QUEEN'S, or KING'S, PEACE, the public peace, for the
maintenance of which the sovereign as head of the executive is responsible;
SWEAR THE PEACE, to take oath before a magistrate that a certain person
ought to be put under bond to keep the peace. [O. Fr. _pais_ (Fr.
_paix_)--L. _pax_, _pacis_, peace.]
PEACH, p[=e]ch, _v.i._ to betray one's accomplice: to become
informer.--_n._ PEACH'ER. [A corr. of _impeach_.]
PEACH, p[=e]ch, _n._ a tree with a delicious, juicy fruit: the fruit of
this tree.--_ns._ PEACH'-BLOSS'OM, a canary-yellow colour: pink with a
yellowish tinge: a collector's name for a moth, the _Thyatira batis_;
PEACH'-BRAND'Y, a spirit distilled from the fermented juice of the
peach.--_adj._ PEACH'-COL'OURED, of the colour of a peach-blossom: pale
red.--_ns._ PEACH'ERY, a hothouse in which peaches are grown; PEACH'-STONE,
the hard nut enclosing the seed within the fruit of the peach;
PEACH'-WA'TER, a flavouring extract used in cookery, prepared from the
peach.--_adj._ PEACH'Y.--_n._ PEACH'-YELL'OWS, a disease that attacks
peach-trees in the eastern United States. [O. Fr. _pesche_ (Fr. _pêche_,
It. _persica_, _pesca_)--L. _Persicum_ (_malum_), the Persian (apple).]
PEACOCK, p[=e]'kok, _n._ a large gallinaceous bird of the pheasant kind,
remarkable for the beauty of its plumage, esp. that of its tail:--_fem._
PEA'HEN.--_v.t._ to cause to strut like a peacock.--_v.i._ to strut about
proudly.--_ns._ PEA'CHICK, the young of the pea-fowl; PEA'COCK-FISH, a
variegated labroid fish; PEA'-FOWL, the peacock or peahen. [A.S. _pawe_--L.
_pavo_--Gr. _ta[=o]s_--Pers. _t[=a]wus_; and _cock_ (q.v.).]
PEACOD. Same as PEASCOD.
PEA-CRAB, p[=e]'-krab, _n._ a genus of small crustaceans, which live within
the mantle-lobes of mussels, oysters, &c.
PEAG, p[=e]g, _n._ polished shell-beads used as money among the North
American Indians.--Also PEAK (p[=e]k).
PEA-GREEN, p[=e]'-gr[=e]n, _adj._ a shade of green like the colour of green
peas.
PEA-JACKET, p[=e]'-jak'et, _n._ a coarse thick jacket worn esp. by
seamen.--Also PEA'-COAT. [Dut. _pij_ (pron. p[=i]), a coat of coarse thick
cloth; _jacket_.]
PEAK, p[=e]k, _n._ a point: the pointed end of anything: the top of a
mountain: (_naut._) the upper outer corner of a sail extended by a gaff or
yard, also the extremity of the gaff.--_v.i._ to rise upward in a peak: to
look thin or sickly.--_v.t._ (_naut._) to raise the point (of a gaff) more
nearly perpendicular.--_adjs._ PEAKED, pointed: ending in a point: having a
thin or sickly look; PEAK'ING, sickly, pining, sneaking; PEAK'ISH, having
peaks: thin or sickly looking; PEAK'Y (_Tenn._), having or showing peaks.
[M. E. _pec_--Ir. _peac_, a sharp thing. Cf. _Beak_, _Pike_.]
PEAL, p[=e]l, _n._ a loud sound: a number of loud sounds one after another:
a set of bells tuned to each other: a chime or carillon: the changes rung
upon a set of bells.--_v.i._ to resound like a bell: to utter or give forth
loud or solemn sounds.--_v.t._ to cause to sound loudly: to assail with
noise: to celebrate. [For _appeal_; O. Fr. _apel_--_apeler_--L.
_appell[=a]re_, inten. of _appell[)e]re_, _ap-_ (_ad_), to, _pell[)e]re_,
to drive.]
PEA-MAGGOT, p[=e]'-mag'ut, _n._ the caterpillar of a small moth which lays
its eggs in pods of peas.
PEAN, p[=e]n, _n._ one of the heraldic furs, differing from ermine only in
the tinctures, the ground being sable and the spots of gold. [O. Fr.
_panne_, a fur. Cf. _Pane_.]
PEAN. See PÆAN.
PEA-NUT, or _Ground-nut_. See GROUND.
PEAR, p[=a]r, _n._ a common fruit of a somewhat conical shape, and very
juicy to the taste: the tree on which it grows, allied to the
apple.--_adj._ PEAR'IFORM, PEAR'-SHAPED, shaped like a pear--that is, thick
and rounded at one end, and tapering to the other.--_n._ PEAR'-TREE. [A.S.
_pera_ or _peru_--L. _pirum_, a pear (whence also Fr. _poire_).]
PEAR, p[=e]'ar, _n._ (_Spens._). Same as PEER.
PEARL, p[.e]rl, _n._ a well-known shining gem, found in several kinds of
shellfish, but most esp. in the mother-of-pearl oyster: anything round and
clear: anything very precious: a jewel: a while speck or film on the eye:
(_print._) a size of type immediately above diamond, equal to 5 points
(about 15 lines to the inch).--_adj._ made of, or belonging to,
pearls.--_v.t._ to set or adorn with pearls: to make into small round
grains.--_v.i._ to take a rounded form: to become like pearls.--_adj._
PEARL[=A]'CEOUS, resembling pearls or mother-of-pearl: spotted with
white.--_ns._ PEARL'-ASH, a purer carbonate of potash, obtained by
calcining potashes, so called from its pearly-white colour; PEARL'-BAR'LEY,
barley after the skin has been ground off (prob. for 'pilled barley,' Fr.
_orge perlé_); PEARL'-BUTT'ON, a button made of mother-of-pearl;
PEARL'-DIV'ER, one who dives for pearls.--_adj._ PEARLED, set with pearls:
like pearls: having a border trimmed with narrow lace.--_ns._ PEARL'-EDGE,
a thread edging, a border on some ribbons formed by projecting loops of the
threads; PEARL'-EYE, cataract.--_adj._ PEARL'-EYED, having a white speck on
the eye.--_ns._ PEARL'-FISH'ER, one who fishes for pearls; PEARL'-FISH'ERY,
the occupation of fishing for pearls, or the place where it is carried on;
PEARL'-FISH'ING; PEARL'-GRAY, a pale gray colour.--_adj._ of a pale gray
colour, like the pearl.--_ns._ PEARL'INESS, state of being pearly;
PEARL'-NAU'TILUS, the pearly nautilus; PEARL'-OYS'TER, the oyster which
produces pearls; PEARL'-POW'DER, a cosmetic for improving the appearance of
the skin; PEARL'-WHITE, a material made from fish-scales, used in making
artificial pearls: a kind of cosmetic.--_adj._ PEARL'Y, like a pearl,
nacreous: yielding pearls: dotted with pearls: clear, transparent: having a
pure sweet tone. [Fr. _perle_, acc. to Diez, prob. either a corr. of L.
_pirula_, a dim. of _pirum_, a pear, or of L. _pilula_, dim. of _pila_, a
ball.]
PEARLING, p[.e]rl'ing, _n._ lace made of silk or other kind of
thread.--Also PEARL'IN. [Ir. _peirlin_, fine linen.]
PEARLING, p[.e]rl'ing, _n._ the process of removing the outer coat of
grain.
PEARMAIN, p[=a]r'm[=a]n, _n._ a name of several varieties of apple.
PEART, p[=e]rt, _adj._ lively: saucy: in good health and spirits.--_adv._
PEART'LY. [_Pert._]
PEASANT, pez'ant, _n._ a countryman: a rustic: one whose occupation is
rural labour.--_adj._ of or relating to peasants, rustic, rural:
rude.--_n._ PEAS'ANTRY, the body of peasants or tillers of the soil:
rustics: labourers.--PEASANT PROPRIETOR, a peasant who owns and works his
own farm; PEASANTS' WAR, a popular insurrection in Germany, in 1525,
stamped out with horrible cruelty. [O. Fr. _paisant_ (Fr.
_paysan_)--_pays_--L. _pagus_, a district.]
PEASE, p[=e]z, _n._ (_Spens._) a blow.
PEASE, p[=e]z, _indef. pl._ of PEA.--_ns._ PEASE'COD, PEAS'COD, the
pericarp of the pea: a peacod; PEASE'-MEAL, PEASE'-PORR'IDGE, PEASE'-SOUP
or PEA'-SOUP, meal, porridge, soup, made from pease.
PEASEWEEP, p[=e]z'w[=e]p, _n._ (_prov._) the pewit. [Imit.]
PEAT, p[=e]t, _n._ decayed vegetable matter like turf, cut out of boggy
places, and when dried used for fuel.--_ns._ PEAT'-BOG, a district covered
with peat: a place from which peat is dug--also PEAT'-BED, PEAT'-MOOR,
PEAT'-MOSS; PEAT'-HAG, a ditch whence peat has been dug; PEAT'-REEK, the
smoke of peat, supposed to add a delicate flavour to whisky; PEAT'-SPADE, a
spade having a side wing at right angles for cutting peat in rectangular
blocks.--_adj._ PEAT'Y, like peat: abounding in, or composed of, peat.
[True form _beat_--M. E. _beten_, to mend a fire--A.S. _bétan_, to make
better--_bót_, advantage.]
PEBA, p[=e]'ba, _n._ a South American armadillo.
PEBBLE, peb'l, _n._ a small roundish ball or stone: transparent and
colourless rock-crystal used for glass in spectacles, a fine kind of glass:
a large size of gunpowder.--_v.t._ to give (to leather) a rough appearance
with small rounded prominences.--_adjs._ PEBB'LED, PEBB'LY, full of
pebbles.--_ns._ PEBB'LE-POW'DER, gunpowder consisting of large cubical
grains, and burning slowly--also _Cube-powder_ and _Prismatic-powder_;
PEBB'LE-WARE, a kind of fine pottery made of various coloured clays mixed
together; PEBB'LING, a way of graining leather with a ribbed or roughened
appearance. [A.S. _papol_-(_-stán_), a pebble(-stone); akin to L. _papula_,
a pustule.]
PEBRINE, peb'rin, _n._ a destructive disease of silkworms.--_adj._
PEB'RINOUS. [Fr.]
PECAN, p[=e]-kan', _n._ a North American tree whose wood is chiefly used
for fuel, also the nut it yields.
PECCABLE, pek'a-bl, _adj._ liable to sin.--_ns._ PECCABIL'ITY; PECC'ANCY,
sinfulness: transgression.--_adj._ PECC'ANT, sinning: transgressing:
guilty: morbid: offensive: bad.--_adv._ PECC'ANTLY. [L.
_peccabilis_--_pecc[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to sin.]
PECCADILLO, pek-a-dil'lo, _n._ a little or trifling sin: a petty
fault:--_pl._ PECCADIL'LOS, PECCADIL'LOES. [Sp. _pecadillo_, dim. of
_pecado_--L. _peccatum_, a sin.]
PECCARY, pek'ar-i, _n._ a hog-like quadruped of South America.
PECCAVI, pe-k[=a]'v[=i], I have sinned. [L. 1st pers. sing. perf. indic.
act. of _pecc[=a]re_, I sin.]
PECH, PEGH, peh, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to pant, to breathe hard. [Imit.]
PECHT, peht, _n._ a corruption of _Pict_.
PECK, pek, _n._ a measure of capacity for dry goods=2 gallons, or
one-fourth of a bushel: a great amount. [M. E. _pekke_, prob. from _peck_,
'to pick up.']
PECK, pek, _v.t._ to strike with the beak: to pick up with the beak: to
eat: to strike with anything pointed: to strike with repeated blows.--_ns._
PECK'ER, that which pecks: a woodpecker: (_slang_) spirit, as in 'to keep
one's pecker up'=to keep up one's spirits; PECK'ING, the sport of throwing
pebbles at birds.--_adj._ PECK'ISH, somewhat hungry. [_Pick._]
PECKSNIFF, pek'snif, _n._ one who talks large about virtue and benevolence,
while at heart a selfish and unprincipled hypocrite.--_adj._
PECK'SNIFFIAN.--_n._ PECK'SNIFFIANISM. [From Mr _Pecksniff_ in Dickens's
_Martin Chuzzlewit_.]
PECTEN, pek'ten, _n._ a genus of molluscs, one species of which is the
scallop--so called from the valves having ribs radiating from the umbo to
the margin like a comb: a membrane on the eyes of birds.--_adjs._
PECTIN[=A]'CEOUS, like the scallops; PEC'TINAL, of a comb: comb-like:
having bones like the teeth of a comb; PEC'TIN[=A]TE, -D, having teeth like
a comb: resembling the teeth of a comb.--_adv._ PEC'TIN[=A]TELY.--_n._
PECTIN[=A]'TION, the state of being pectinated--_adjs._ PECTIN[=E]'AL,
having a comb-like crest; PEC'TINIBRANCHIATE, having comb-like gills;
PEC'TINIFORM, comb-like. [L. _pecten_, a comb.]
PECTIC, pek'tik, _adj._ congealing, curdling.--_ns._ PEC'TIN, PEC'TINE, a
soluble gelatinising substance obtained from pectose; PEC'T[=O]SE, a
substance yielding pectin, contained in the fleshy pulp of unripe fruit.
[Gr. _p[=e]ktikos_, congealing--_p[=e]gnynai_, to make solid.]
PECTORAL, pek't[=o]-ral, _adj._ relating to the breast or chest.--_n._
armour for the breast: an ornament worn on the breast, esp. the breastplate
worn by the ancient Jewish high-priest, and the square of gold, embroidery,
&c. formerly worn on the breast over the chasuble by bishops during mass: a
pectoral cross: a pectoral fin: a medicine for the chest.--_adv._
PEC'TORALLY.--_n._ PECTORIL'OQUY, the sound of the patient's voice heard
through the stethoscope when applied to the chest in certain morbid
conditions of the lungs.--PECTORAL FINS, the anterior paired fins of
fishes; PECTORAL THEOLOGY, a name sometimes applied to the theology of
those Christians who make much of experience and emotion, as themselves
guides to a knowledge of divine truth--in Neander's phrase, 'Pectus est
quod facit theologum.' [Fr.,--L. _pectoralis_--_pectus_, _pectoris_, the
breast.]
PECULATE, pek'[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to take for one's own use money or
property entrusted to one's care: to embezzle: to steal.--_ns._
PECUL[=A]'TION; PEC'UL[=A]TOR. [L. _pecul[=a]ri_,
_-[=a]tus_--_pec[=u]lium_, private property, akin to _pecunia_, money.]
PECULIAR, p[=e]-k[=u]l'yar, _adj._ one's own: belonging to no other:
appropriate: particular: odd, uncommon, strange.--_n._ (_obs._) private
property: a parish or church exempt from the jurisdiction of the ordinary
or bishop in whose diocese it is placed.--_v.t._ PECUL'IARISE, to set
apart.--_n._ PECULIAR'ITY, quality of being peculiar or singular: that
which is found in one and in no other: that which marks a person off from
others: individuality.--_adv._ PECUL'IARLY.--_n._ PEC[=U]'LIUM, private
property, esp. that given by a father to a son, &c.--PECULIAR PEOPLE, the
people of Israel: a sect of faith-healers, founded in London in 1838, who
reject medical aid in cases of disease, and rely on anointing with oil by
the elders, and on prayer, with patient nursing. [Fr.,--L.
_peculiaris_--_peculium_, private property.]
PECUNIARY, p[=e]-k[=u]'ni-ar-i, _adj._ relating to money: consisting of
money.--_adv._ PEC[=U]'NIARILY.--_adj._ PEC[=U]'NIOUS, rich. [Fr.,--L.
_pecuniarius_--_pecunia_, money--_pecu-_, which appears in L. _pecudes_
(pl.), cattle.]
PED, ped, _n._ (_Spens._) a basket, a hamper. [_Pad._]
PEDAGOGUE, ped'a-gog, _n._ a teacher: a pedant.--_v.t._ to teach.--_adjs._
PEDAGOG'IC, -AL, relating to teaching: belonging to, or possessed by, a
teacher of children.--_ns._ PEDAGOG'ICS, PED'AGOGISM, PED'AGOGY, the
science of teaching: instruction: discipline. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr.
_paidag[=o]gos_--_pais_, _paidos_, a boy, _ag[=o]gos_, a leader--_agein_,
to lead.]
PEDAL, ped'al, _adj._ pertaining to a foot.--_n._ any part of a machine
transmitting power from the foot: in musical instruments, a lever moved by
the foot.--_v.i._ to work a pedal.--_n._ P[=E]D[=A]'LE, a foot-cloth in
front of an altar: a collection of canons of general councils in the Greek
Church.--_adjs._ P[=E]D[=A]'LIAN, relating to the foot, or to a metrical
foot; PED'[=A]TE, divided like a foot: (_bot._) having the side lobes of a
divided leaf also divided into smaller parts, the midribs of which do not
run to a common centre as in the palmate leaf.--_adv._
PED'[=A]TELY.--_adj._ PEDAT'IFID, divided in a pedate manner, but having
the divisions connected at the base.--COMBINATION PEDAL, a metal pedal in
organs controlling several stops at once. [L. _pedalis_--_pes_, _pedis_,
the foot.]
PEDANT, ped'ant, _n._ one who makes a vain display of learning: a pretender
to knowledge which he does not possess: (_Shak._) a pedagogue.--_adjs._
PEDANT'IC, -AL, displaying knowledge for the sake of showing.--_adv._
PEDANT'ICALLY, in a pedantic manner.--_ns._ PEDANT'ICISM,
PED'ANTISM.--_v.i._ PED'ANTISE, to play the pedant.--_ns._ PEDANTOC'RACY,
government by pedants; PED'ANTRY, acts, manners, or character of a pedant:
vain display of learning: (_Swift_) the overrating of any kind of knowledge
we pretend to. [Fr.,--It. _pedante_--L. _pædagogan_s, _-antis_,
teaching--_pædagogus_, a pedagogue.]
PEDDLE, ped'l, _v.i._ to travel about with a basket or bundle of goods,
esp. of smallwares, for sale: to trifle.--_v.t._ to retail in small
quantities.--_ns._ PEDD'LER, PED'LAR, PED'LER, a hawker or travelling
merchant; PEDD'LERY, PED'LARY, the trade or tricks of a peddler: wares sold
by a peddler.--_adj._ PEDD'LING, unimportant.--_n._ the trade or tricks of
a peddler. [_Peddar_, _pedder_, one who carries wares in a _ped_ or
basket.]
PEDERASTY, ped'e-rast-i, _n._ unnatural commerce of males with males, esp.
boys.--_n._ PED'ERAST, one addicted to this vice.--_adj._ PEDERAST'IC.
[Gr., _pais_, _paidos_, a boy, _erast[=e]s_--_eraein_, to love.]
PEDERERO, ped-e-r[=e]'r[=o], _n._ an old gun for discharging stones, pieces
of iron, &c., also for firing salutes.
PEDESIS, ped-[=e]'sis, _n._ the rapid oscillation of small particles in a
liquid.
PEDESTAL, ped'es-tal, _n._ anything that serves as a foot or a support: the
foot or base of a pillar, &c.: the fixed casting which holds the brasses,
in which a shaft turns, called also _Axle-guard_ or _Pillow-block_.--_v.t._
to place on a pedestal. [Sp.,--It. _piedestallo_--L. _pes_, _pedis_, the
foot, It. _stallo_, a place.]
PEDESTRIAN, p[=e]-des'tri-an, _adj._ going on foot: performed on foot:
pertaining to common people: vulgar.--_n._ one journeying on foot: an
expert walker, one who practises feats of walking or running.--_adj._
P[=E]DES'TRIAL, of or pertaining to the foot: pedestrian.--_adv._
P[=E]DES'TRIALLY.--_v.t._ P[=E]DES'TRIANISE, to traverse on foot.--_n._
P[=E]DES'TRIANISM, a going on foot: walking: the practice of a pedestrian.
[L. _pedestris_--_pes_, _pedis_.]
PEDETENTOUS, ped-[=e]-ten'tus, _adj._ proceeding slowly.
PEDIATRICS, ped-i-at'riks, _n.pl._ that branch of medical science which
relates to children and their special diseases.--Also PED'IATRY. [Gr.
_pais_, _paidos_, a child, _iatrikos_, relating to a physician.]
PEDICEL, ped'i-sel, _n._ the little footstalk by which a single leaf or
flower is fixed on the twig or on the cluster of which it forms a
part--also PED'ICLE.--_n._ PEDICELL[=A]'RIA, a minute structure on the skin
of sea-urchins and star-fish, like a stalk with a three or two bladed
snapping forceps at the summit.--_adjs._ PED'ICELLATE, PEDIC'[=U]LATE,
provided with a pedicel.--_n._ PED'ICLE, a fetter for the foot. [Fr.
_pédicelle_--L. _pediculus_, dim. of _pes_, _pedis_, the foot.]
PEDICULUS, p[=e]-dik'[=u]-lus, _n._ a genus of lice, or an individual of
it.--_adjs._ P[=E]DIC'ULAR, P[=E]DIC'ULOUS, lousy.--_ns._
P[=E]DICUL[=A]'TION, P[=E]DICUL[=O]'SIS, lousiness.
PEDICURE, ped'i-k[=u]r, _n._ the treatment of corns, bunions, or the like:
one who treats the feet.
PEDIFEROUS, p[=e]-dif'e-rus, _adj._ footed--also P[=E]DIG'EROUS.--_adj._
PED'IFORM, foot-shaped.
PEDIGREE, ped'i-gr[=e], _n._ a line of ancestors: a list, in order, of the
ancestors from whom one has descended: lineage: genealogy.--_adj._
PED'IGREED, having a pedigree. [Skeat suggests Fr. _pied de grue_,
crane's-foot, from its use in the drawing out of pedigrees.]
PEDIMANOUS, p[=e]-dim'a-nus, _adj._ having all four feet like hands--of the
opossums and lemurs.--_n._ PED'IMANE.
[Illustration]
PEDIMENT, ped'i-ment, _n._ (_archit._) a triangular or circular ornament
which crowns the fronts of buildings, and serves as a finish to the tops of
doors, windows, porticoes, &c.--_adjs._ PEDIMENT'AL; PED'IMENTED, furnished
with a pediment: like a pediment. [L. _pedamentum_--_pes_, _pedis_, the
foot.]
PEDIPALP, ped'i-palp, _n._ a maxillipalp or maxillary palpus.--_adj._
pertaining to the same.--_n.pl._ PEDIPAL'PI, an order of
_Arachnida_.--_adj._ PEDIPAL'POUS.
PEDLAR. See PEDDLE.
PEDOBAPTISM, p[=e]-d[=o]-bap'tizm, _n._ infant baptism.--_n._ PEDOBAP'TIST,
one who believes in infant baptism. [Gr. _pais_, _paidos_, a child,
_baptism_.]
PEDOMETER, p[=e]-dom'et-[.e]r, _n._ an instrument, somewhat like a watch,
by which the number of the steps of a pedestrian are registered, from which
the distance he has walked is measured.--_adj._ PEDOMET'RIC. [L. _pes_,
_pedis_, a foot, Gr. _metron_, a measure.]
PEDOMOTOR, ped-[=o]-m[=o]'tor, _n._ a means for applying the foot as a
driving power.--_adj._ PEDOM[=O]'TIVE.
PEDOTROPHY, p[=e]-dot'r[=o]-fi, _n._ the rearing of children.--_adj._
PEDOTROPH'IC.--_n._ PEDOT'ROPHIST. [Gr. _pais_, _paidos_, a child,
_trephein_, to nourish.]
PEDUM, p[=e]'dum, _n._ a shepherd's crook. [L.]
PEDUNCLE, p[=e]-dung'kl, _n._ the stalk by which a cluster of flowers or
leaves is joined to a twig or branch--sometimes same as _pedicel_--also
PEDUN'CULUS.--_adjs._ PEDUN'CULAR, PEDUN'CULATE, -D. [Fr. _pedoncule_--Low
L. _pedunculus_--L. _pes_, _pedis_, the foot.]
PEECE, p[=e]s, _n._ (_Shak._) a fabric, a fortified place.
PEECED, p[=e]sd, _adj._ (_Spens._) imperfect.
PEEK, p[=e]k, _v.i._ to peep.--_n._ PEEK'ABOO, a children's game, from the
cry made when hiding one's eyes.
PEEL, p[=e]l, _v.t._ to strip off the skin or bark: to bare.--_v.i._ to
come off as the skin: to lose the skin: (_slang_) to undress.--_n._ the
skin, rind, or bark: (_print._) a wooden pole with short cross-piece for
carrying printed sheets to the poles on which they are to be dried: the
wash or blade of an oar--not the loom: a mark ([Peel mark]) for cattle, for
persons who cannot write, &c.--_adj._ PEELED, stripped of skin, rind, or
bark: plundered.--_ns._ PEEL'ER, one who peels, a plunderer; PEEL'ING, the
act of stripping: that which is stripped off: (_print._) the removing of
the layers of a paper overlay, to get a lighter impression. [O. Fr.
_peler_, to unskin--L. _pil[=a]re_, to deprive of hair--_pilus_, a hair; or
_pellis_, a skin.]
PEEL, p[=e]l, _n._ a small Border fortress.--Also PEEL'-TOW'ER. [_Pile_.]
PEEL, p[=e]l, _n._ a baker's wooden shovel: a fire-shovel. [O. Fr.
_pele_--L. _p[=a]la_, a spade.]
PEEL, p[=e]l, _v.t._ to plunder: to pillage. [_Pill_ (v.).]
PEELER, p[=e]l'[.e]r, _n._ a policeman, from Sir R. _Peel_, who established
the Irish police (1812-18) and improved those in Britain (1828-30).--_n._
PEEL'ITE, a follower of Peel in the reform of the Corn-laws in 1846.
PEEN, p[=e]n, _n._ the end of a hammer-head, usually shaped for
indenting.--_v.t._ to strike with such. [Ger. _pinne_.]
PEENGE, p[=e]nj, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to complain childishly.
PEEP, p[=e]p, _v.i._ to chirp, or cry as a chicken.--_n._ the cry of a
young chicken. [Fr. _piper_--L. _pip[=a]re_.]
PEEP, p[=e]p, _v.i._ to look through a narrow opening: to look out from
concealment: to look slyly or cautiously: to begin to appear.--_n._ a sly
look: a beginning to appear, a glimpse: a narrow view, a slit.--_ns._
PEEP'ER, one that peeps: a prying person: a chicken just breaking the
shell: (_slang_) the eye; PEEP'-HOLE, a hole through which one may look
without being seen; PEEP'-O'-DAY, the first appearance of light in the
morning; PEEP'-SHOW, a small show viewed through a small hole, usually
fitted with a magnifying-glass; PEEP'-SIGHT, a plate on the breach with a
small hole through which a gunner takes his sight.--PEEPING TOM, a prying
fellow, esp. one who peeps in at windows; PEEP-O'-DAY BOYS, a band of
Protestants in the north of Ireland, in the end of the 18th
century--opposed to the Catholic _Defenders_. [Same as above, Fr. _piper_,
to chirp like a bird, then to beguile, whence _peep_=to look out slyly.]
PEER, p[=e]r, _n._ an equal in rank, ability, character, &c.: an associate:
a nobleman: a member of the House of Lords:--_fem._ PEER'ESS.--_n._
PEER'AGE, the rank or dignity of a peer: the body of peers: a book
containing a description of the history, connections, &c. of the different
peers.--_adj._ PEER'LESS, having no peer or equal: matchless.--_adv._
PEER'LESSLY.--_n._ PEER'LESSNESS.--HOUSE OF PEERS, the House of Lords;
SPIRITUAL PEER, one of the bishops or archbishops qualified to sit as
members of the House of Lords; TEMPORAL PEER, one of the members of the
House of Lords, other than the bishops. [O. Fr. (Fr. _pair_),--L. _par_,
_paris_, equal.]
PEER, p[=e]r, _v.i._ to look narrowly or closely: to peep: to
appear:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ peered.--_adj._ PEER'Y, prying, sly. [M. E.
_piren_--Low Ger. _piren_, orig. _pliren_, to draw the eyelids together.]
PEERIE, PEERY, p[=e]r'i, _n._ a top spun with a string.
PEEVERS, p[=e]v'ers, _n._ (_Scot._) the game of hop-scotch.
PEEVISH, p[=e]v'ish, _adj._ habitually fretful: easily annoyed: hard to
please: showing ill-nature: childish.--_adv._ PEEV'ISHLY.--_n._
PEEV'ISHNESS. [Prob. imit. of the puling of fretful infants.]
PEEWIT. Same as PEWIT.
PEG, peg, _n._ a wooden pin for fastening boards, or the soles of shoes:
one of the pins on which the strings of a musical instrument are stretched:
a reason or excuse for action: a drink of soda-water with brandy, &c.: a
degree or step.--_v.t._ to fasten with a peg: to keep up the market price
by buying or selling at a fixed price: to make points during the game of
cribbage before the show of hands.--_v.i._ to work with unremitting
effort:--_pr.p._ peg'ging; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pegged.--_ns._ PEG'-FICHED,
an English game played with pegs or pointed sticks; PEG'-FLOAT, a machine
for rasping away the ends of pegs inside shoes.--_adj._ PEGGED, fashioned
of, or furnished with, pegs.--_ns._ PEG'GING, the act of fastening with a
peg: pegs collectively: a thrashing: determined perseverance in work;
PEG'-LEG, a wooden leg of the simplest form, or one who walks on such;
PEG'-STRIP, a ribbon of wood cut to the width, &c., of a shoe-peg;
PEG'-TANK'ARD, a drinking-vessel having each one's share marked off by a
knob; PEG'-TOP, a child's plaything made to spin round by winding a string
round it and then rapidly pulling it off: (_pl._) a kind of trousers, wide
at the top and narrow at the ankles.--_adj._ shaped like a top.--PEG AWAY,
to keep continually working.--TAKE DOWN A PEG, to take down, to humble.
[Scand.; as in Dan. _pig_, a spike.]
PEGASUS, peg'a-sus, _n._ a winged horse which arose from the blood of the
Gorgon Medusa, when she was slain by Perseus: a genus of small fishes with
large, wing-like, pectoral fins: one of the constellations in the northern
sky.--_adj._ PEGAS[=E]'AN.
PEGGY, peg'i, _n._ one of several small warblers, the whitethroat, &c.
[_Peggy_, from _Peg_=_Meg_--_Margaret_.]
PEGMATITE, peg'ma-t[=i]t, _n._ coarsely crystallised granite.--_adj._
PEGMATIT'IC.
PEHLEVI, p[=a]'le-v[=e], _n._ an ancient West Iranian idiom during the
period of the Sassanides, largely mixed with Semitic words, and poorer in
inflections and terminations than Zend (235-640 A.D.): the characters used
in writing this language.--_adj._ of or pertaining to, or written in,
Pehlevi. [Pers.]
PEIGNOIR, p[=e]n-wär', _n._ a loose wrapper worn by women during their
toilet. [Fr.]
PEINCT, p[=a]ngkt, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to paint.
PEINE, p[=a]n, _n._ a form of punishment by pressing to death--usually
_Peine forte et dure_. [Fr.]
PEIRASTIC, p[=i]-ras'tik, _adj._ tentative.--_n._ PEIRAM'ETER, an
instrument for measuring the resistances of road-surface to traction. [Gr.
_peira_, a trial.]
PEISE, p[=a]z, _v.t._ (_Spens._, _Shak._) to poise, to weigh.--_n._ a
weight. [_Poise_.]
PEJORATION, p[=e]-j[=o]-r[=a]'shun, _n._ a becoming worse:
deterioration.--_v.i._ P[=E]'JOR[=A]TE.--_adj._ and _n._
P[=E]'JOR[=A]TIVE.--_n._ P[=E]JOR'ITY. [L. _pejor_, worse, comp. of
_malus_, bad.]
PEKAN, pek'an, _n._ an American species of Marten--called also
_Wood-shock_, _Fisher_, and _Black-fox_.
PEKOE, p[=e]'k[=o], _n._ a scented black tea. [Chinese.]
PELAGE, pel'[=a]j, _n._ the hair or wool of a mammal. [Fr.]
PELAGIAN, p[=e]-l[=a]'ji-an, _n._ one who holds the views of _Pelagius_, a
British monk of the 4th century, who denied original sin.--_adj._
pertaining to Pelagius.--_n._ PEL[=A]'GIANISM, the doctrines of Pelagius.
PELAGIC, p[=e]-laj'ik, _adj._ inhabiting the deep sea, marine, oceanic.
[Gr. _pelagos_, the sea.]
PELARGONIUM, pel-ar-g[=o]'ni-um, _n._ a vast genus of beautiful flowering
plants of order _Geraniaceæ_.--_adj._ P[=E]LAR'GIC, stork-like. [Gr.
_pelargos_, stork, the beaked capsules resembling a stork's beak.]
PELASGIC, p[=e]-las'jik, _adj._ pertaining to the _Pelasgians_ or
_Pelasgi_, a race spread over Greece in prehistoric times, to whom are
ascribed many enormous remains built of unhewn stones, without cement--the
so-called PELASGIC ARCHITECTURE. Also PELAS'GIAN.
PÊLE-MÊLE. See PELL-MELL, _adv._
PELERINE, pel'[.e]r-in, _n._ a woman's tippet or cape with long ends coming
down in front. [Fr., a tippet--_pèlerin_, a pilgrim--L. _peregrinus_,
foreign.]
PELF, pelf, _n._ riches (in a bad sense): money. [O. Fr. _pelfre_, booty;
allied to _pilfer_.]
PELICAN, pel'i-kan, _n._ a large water-fowl, having an enormous distensible
gular pouch: an alembic with tubulated head from which two opposite and
crooked beaks extend and enter again the body of the vessel--used for
continuous distillation: a dentist's instrument: (_her._) a pelican above
her nest, with wings indorsed, wounding her breast with her beak in order
to feed her young with her blood. [Low L. _pelicanus_--Gr.
_pelikan_--_pelekus_, an axe.]
PELIKE, pel'i-k[=e], _n._ a large vase like the hydria, double-handled.
[Gr.]
PELISSE, pe-l[=e]s', _n._ a cloak of silk or other cloth, with sleeves,
worn by ladies: a garment lined with fur, a dragoon's jacket with shaggy
lining. [Fr.,--Low L. _pellicea (vestis)_--L. _pellis_, a skin.]
PELL, pel, _n._ a skin or hide: a roll of parchment. [O. Fr. _pel_ (Fr.
_peau_)--L. _pellis_, a skin or hide.]
PELLAGRA, pe-l[=a]'gra, _n._ a loathsome skin disease supposed to be common
in the rice-producing part of the north of Italy.--_n._ PELL[=A]'GRIN, one
afflicted with pellagra.--_adj._ PELL[=A]'GROUS, like or afflicted with
pellagra. [Gr. _pella_, skin, _agra_, seizure.]
PELLET, pel'et, _n._ a little ball, as of lint or wax: a small rounded
boss: a small pill: a ball of shot.--_adj._ PELL'ETED, consisting of
pellets: pelted, as with bullets. [O. Fr. _pelote_--L. _pila_, a ball.]
PELLICLE, pel'i-kl, _n._ a thin skin or film: the film or scum which
gathers on liquors.--_adj._ PELLIC'ULAR.
PELLITORY, pel'i-tor-i, _n._ a genus of plants found most commonly on old
walls and heaps of rubbish: the feverfew.--_n._ PELL'ITORY-OF-SPAIN, a
plant which grows in Algeria, the root of which causes in the hands first a
sensation of extreme cold, then one of a burning heat. [L. _parietaria_,
the wall-plant--_parietarius_--_paries_, _parietis_, a wall.]
PELL-MELL, pel-mel', _adv._ in great confusion: promiscuously: in a
disorderly manner--also written _Pêle-mêle_.--_n._ PELL-MELL' (same as
PALL-MALL). [O. Fr. _pesle-mesle_ (Fr. _pêle-mêle_), _-mesle_ being from O.
Fr. _mesler_ (Fr. _mêler_), to mix--Low L. _miscul[=a]re_--L. _misc[=e]re_;
and _pesle_, a rhyming addition, perh. influenced by Fr. _pelle_, shovel.]
PELLUCID, pe-l[=u]'sid, _adj._ perfectly clear: letting light through:
transparent.--_ns._ PELL[=U]CID'ITY, PELL[=U]'CIDNESS.--_adv._
PELL[=U]'CIDLY. [Fr.,--L. _pellucidus_--_per_, perfectly, _lucidus_,
clear--_luc[=e]re_, to shine.]
PELMA, pel'ma, _n._ the sole of the foot.--_n._ PELMAT'OGRAM, the
impression of the foot. [Gr.]
PELOPID, pel'[=o]-pid, _adj._ pertaining to _Pelops_.--_n._ one of his
descendants.
PELOPONNESIAN, pel-[=o]-po-n[=e]'zi-an, _adj._ of or pertaining to the
_Peloponnesus_ or southern part of Greece.--_n._ an inhabitant or a native
of the Peloponnesus.--PELOPONNESIAN WAR, a war between Athens and Sparta
(431-404 B.C.). [Gr. _Pelops_, an ancient Greek hero, _n[=e]sos_, an
island.]
PELORIA, p[=e]-l[=o]'ri-a, _n._ the appearance of regularity in flowers
normally irregular--also PEL'ORISM.--_adjs._ P[=E]LOR'IATE, P[=E]LOR'IC.
[Gr. _pel[=o]r_, a monster.]
PELT, pelt, _n._ a raw hide: the quarry or prey of a hawk all torn.--_ns._
PELT'MONGER, a dealer in skins; PELT'RY, the skins of animals with the fur
on them: furs. [M. E. _pelt_, _peltry_--O. Fr. _pelleterie_--_pelletier_, a
skinner--L. _pellis_, a skin.]
PELT, pelt, _v.t._ to strike with something thrown: to cast.--_v.i._ to
fall heavily, as rain.--_n._ a blow from something thrown.--_ns._ PEL'TER,
a shower of missiles, a sharp storm of rain, &c.: a storm of anger;
PEL'TING, an assault with a pellet, or with anything thrown. [Cf.
_Pellet_.]
PELTA, pel'ta, _n._ a light buckler.--_n._ PEL'TAST, a soldier armed with
this.--_adjs._ PEL'T[=A]TE, -D, shield-shaped; PELTAT'IFID, PEL'TIFORM.
[L.,--Gr. _pelt[=e]_.]
PELTING, pel'ting, _adj._ (_Shak._) paltry, contemptible.--_adv._
PELT'INGLY. [_Paltry_.]
PELVIS, pel'vis, _n._ the bony cavity at the lower end of the trunk,
forming the lower part of the abdomen.--_adjs._ PEL'VIC, of or pertaining
to the pelvis; PEL'VIFORM, openly cup-shaped.--_ns._ PELVIM'ETER, an
instrument for measuring the diameters of the pelvis; PELVIM'ETRY. [L.
_pelvis_, a basin.]
PEMMICAN, PEMICAN, pem'i-kan, _n._ a North American Indian preparation,
consisting of lean venison, dried, pounded, and pressed into cakes, now
made of beef and used in Arctic expeditions, &c.
PEMPHIGUS, pem'fi-gus, _n._ an affection of the skin with pustules.--_adj._
PEM'PHIGOID. [Gr.]
PEN, pen, _v.t._ to shut up: to confine in a small enclosure:--_pr.p._
pen'ning; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ penned or pent.--_n._ a small enclosure: a
fold for animals: a coop. [A.S. _pennan_, to shut up, in comp. _on pennan_,
to unpen. Prop. to fasten with a _pin_.]
PEN, pen, _n._ one of the large feathers of the wing of a bird: an
instrument used for writing, formerly made of the feather of a bird, but
now of steel, &c.: style of writing: a female swan--opp. to _Cob_.--_v.t._
to write, to commit to paper:--_pr.p._ pen'ning; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._
penned.--_adj._ PEN'-AND-INK', written, literary: executed with pen and
ink, as a drawing.--_ns._ PEN'-CASE, a holder for a pen or pens; PEN'CRAFT,
skill in penmanship: the art of composition; PEN'-DRIV'ER, a clerk;
PEN'FUL, what one can write with one dip of ink; PEN'-HOLD'ER, a holder for
pens or nibs; PEN'-W[=I]'PER, a piece of cloth, leather, &c. for wiping
pens after use; PEN'-WOM'AN, a female writer. [O. Fr. _penne_--L. _penna_,
a feather.]
PENAL, p[=e]'nal, _adj._ pertaining to, incurring, or constituting
punishment: used for punishment.--_v.t._ P[=E]'NALISE, to lay under
penalty.--_adv._ P[=E]'NALLY.--PENAL LAWS, laws prohibiting certain actions
under penalties; PENAL SERVITUDE, hard labour in a prison as a punishment
for crime--introduced in England in 1853 instead of transportation; PENAL
STATUTE, a statute imposing a penalty or punishment for crime. [Fr.,--L.
_poenalis_--_poena_, Gr. _poin[=e]_, punishment.]
PENALTY, pen'al-ti, _n._ punishment: suffering in person or property for
wrong-doing or for breach of a law: a fine or loss which a person agrees to
pay or bear in case of his non-fulfilment of some undertaking: a
fine.--UNDER PENALTY OF, so as to suffer, or (after a negative) without
suffering the punishment of.
PENANCE, pen'ans, _n._ repentance: external acts performed to manifest
sorrow for sin, to seek to atone for the sin and to avert the punishment
which, even after the guilt has been remitted, may still remain due to the
offence--also the sacrament by which absolution is conveyed (involving
contrition, confession, and satisfaction): any instrument of
self-punishment.--_v.t._ to impose penance on: to punish. [O. Fr.; cf.
_Penitence_.]
PENANG-LAWYER, pe-nang'-law'y[.e]r, _n._ a walking-stick made from the stem
of a Penang palm. [Prob. a corr. of _Penang liyar_, the wild areca.]
PENANNULAR, p[=e]-nan'[=u]-lar, _adj._ shaped almost like a ring. [L.
_pæna_, almost, _annularis_, annular.]
PENATES, p[=e]-n[=a]'t[=e]s, _n.pl._ the household gods of ancient Rome who
presided over and were worshipped by each family. [L., from root _pen-_ in
L. _penitus_, within, _penetralia_, the inner part of anything.]
PENCE, pens, _n._ plural of _penny_ (q.v.).
PENCHANT, päng'shäng, _n._ inclination: decided taste: bias. [Fr., pr.p. of
_pencher_, to incline, through a form _pendic[=a]re_, from L. _pend[=e]re_,
to hang.]
PENCIL, pen'sil, _n._ a small hair brush for laying on colours: any pointed
instrument for writing or drawing without ink: a collection of rays of
light converging to a point: the art of painting or drawing.--_v.t._ to
write, sketch, or mark with a pencil: to paint or draw:--_pr.p._
pen'cilling; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pen'cilled.--_ns._ PEN'CIL-CASE, a holder
for a pencil; PEN'CIL-COM'PASS, a compass having a pencil on one of its
legs for use in drawing.--_adjs._ PEN'CILLED, written or marked with a
pencil: having pencils of rays: radiated: (_bot._) marked with fine lines,
as with a pencil; PEN'CILLIFORM, having the form of a pencil, as of
rays.--_ns._ PEN'CILLING, the art of writing, sketching, or marking with a
pencil: marks made with a pencil: fine lines on flowers or the feathers of
birds: a sketch; PEN'CIL-SKETCH, a sketch made with a pencil. [O. Fr.
_pincel_ (Fr. _pinceau_)--L. _penicillum_, a painter's brush, dim. of
_penis_, a tail.]
PEND, pend, _n._ (_obs._) an enclosure: (_Scot._) a narrow close leading
off a main street.
PEND, pend, _v.i._ to hang, as in a balance, to impend.--_adj._ PEND'ING,
hanging: remaining undecided: not terminated.--_prep._ during.
PENDANT, pen'dant, _n._ anything hanging, esp. for ornament: an earring: a
lamp hanging from the roof: an ornament of wood or of stone hanging
downwards from a roof: a long narrow flag, at the head of the principal
mast in a royal ship: something attached to another thing of the same kind,
an appendix, a companion picture, poem, &c.--_ns._ PEN'DENCE, PEN'DENCY, a
hanging in suspense: state of being undecided.--_adj._ PEN'DENT, hanging:
projecting: supported above the ground or base: (_bot._) hanging downwards,
as a flower or a leaf.--_n._ PENDEN'TIVE (_archit._), the triangular
portion of a dome cut off between two supporting arches at right angles to
each other.--_adv._ PEN'DENTLY.--_ns._ PEN'DICLE, an appendage: something
attached to another, as a privilege, a small piece of ground for
cultivation; PEN'D[=U]LET, a pendant. [Fr. _pendant_, pr.p. of _pendre_, to
hang--L. _pendens_, _-entis_--_pr.p._ of _pend[=e]re_, to hang.]
PENDRAGON, pen-drag'on, _n._ a chief leader: an ancient British
chief.--_n._ PENDRAG'ONSHIP. [W. _pen_, head, _dragon_, a chief.]
PENDULUM, pen'd[=u]-lum, _n._ any weight so hung from a fixed point as to
swing freely: the swinging weight which regulates the movement of a clock:
a lamp, &c., pendent from a ceiling: a guard-ring of a watch by which it is
attached to a chain.--_adj._ PEN'DULAR, relating to a pendulum.--_v.i._
PEN'DULATE, to swing, vibrate.--_adjs._ PEN'DULENT, pendulous; PEN'DULINE,
building a pendulous nest; PEN'DULOUS, hanging loosely: swinging freely, as
the pensile nests of birds: (_bot._) hanging downwards, as a flower on a
curved stalk.--_adv._ PEN'DULOUSLY.--_ns._ PEN'DULOUSNESS,
PEN'DULOSITY.--PENDULUM WIRE, a kind of flat steel wire for clock
pendulums.--COMPENSATION PENDULUM, a pendulum so constructed that its rod
is not altered in length by changes of temperature; COMPOUND PENDULUM,
every ordinary pendulum is _compound_, as differing from a SIMPLE PENDULUM,
which is a material point suspended by an ideal line; INVARIABLE PENDULUM,
a pendulum for carrying from station to station to be oscillated at each so
as to fix the relative acceleration of gravity; LONG and SHORT PENDULUM, a
pendulum for determining the absolute force of gravity by means of a bob
suspended by a wire of varying length. [L., neut. of _pendulus_,
hanging--_pend[=e]re_, to hang.]
PENEIAN, p[=e]-n[=e]'yan, _adj._ relating to the river _Peneus_ in the
famous Vale of Tempe in Thessaly.
PENELOPISE, p[=e]-nel'o-p[=i]z, _v.i._ to act like _Penelope_, the wife of
Ulysses, who undid at night the work she did by day, to gain time from her
suitors.
PENETRATE, pen'[=e]-tr[=a]t, _v.t._ to thrust into the inside: to pierce
into: to affect the mind or feelings: to enter and to fill: to understand:
to find out.--_v.i._ to make way: to pass inwards.--_ns._ PENETRABIL'ITY,
PEN'ETRABLENESS.--_adj._ PEN'ETRABLE, that may be penetrated or pierced by
another body: capable of having impressions made upon the mind.--_adv._
PEN'ETRABLY, so as to be penetrated--_n.pl._ PENETR[=A]'LIA, the inmost
parts of a building: secrets: mysteries.--_ns._ PEN'ETRANCE, PEN'ETRANCY,
the quality of being penetrant.--_adjs._ PEN'ETRANT, subtle, penetrating;
PEN'ETRATING, piercing or entering: sharp: subtle: acute:
discerning.--_adv._ PEN'ETRATINGLY.--_n._ PENETR[=A]'TION, the act or power
of penetrating or entering: acuteness: discernment: the space-penetrating
power of a telescope.--_adj._ PEN'ETRATIVE, tending to penetrate: piercing:
sagacious: affecting the mind.--_adv._ PEN'ETRATIVELY, in a penetrative
manner.--_n._ PEN'ETRATIVENESS, the quality of being penetrative:
penetrative power. [L. _penetr[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_penes_, within.]
PEN-FISH, pen'-fish, _n._ a sparoid fish of genus _Calamus_.
PENFOLD. Same as PINFOLD.
PENGUIN, pen'gwin, _n._ an aquatic bird in the southern hemisphere, unable
to fly, but very expert in diving--also PIN'GUIN.--_n._ PEN'GUINERY, a
breeding-place of penguins. [Ety. dub.; a corr. of _pen-wing_, or from W.
_pen_, head, _gwen_, white.]
PEN-GUN, pen'-gun, _n._ a pop-gun.
PENICIL, pen'i-sil, _n._ a brush of hairs: a pledget for wounds,
&c.--_adjs._ PEN'ICILLATE, PENICIL'LIFORM.--_n._ PENICIL'LIUM, one of the
blue-moulds.
PENINSULA, p[=e]-nin's[=u]-la, _n._ land so surrounded by water as to be
almost an island.--_adj._ PENIN'SULAR, pertaining to a peninsula: in the
form of a peninsula: inhabiting a peninsula.--_n._ PENINSULAR'ITY, state of
being, or of inhabiting, a peninsula: narrow provincialism.--_v.t._
PENIN'SULATE, to form into a peninsula: to surround almost entirely with
water.--PENINSULAR WAR, the war in Spain and Portugal, carried on by Great
Britain against Napoleon's marshals (1804-1814).--THE PENINSULA, Spain and
Portugal. [L.,--_pæne_, almost, _insula_, an island.]
PENIS, p[=e]'nis, _n._ the characteristic external male organ.--_adj._
P[=E]'NIAL. [L., a tail.]
PENISTONE, pen'i-st[=o]n, _n._ a coarse frieze.--PENISTONE FLAGS, a kind of
sandstone for paving and building, brought from _Penistone_ in Yorkshire.
PENITENT, pen'i-tent, _adj._ suffering pain or sorrow for sin: contrite:
repentant.--_n._ one who is sorry for sin: one who has confessed sin, and
is undergoing penance.--_ns._ PEN'ITENCE, PEN'ITENCY, state of being
penitent: sorrow for sin.--_adj._ PENITEN'TIAL, pertaining to, or
expressive of, penitence.--_n._ a book of rules relating to
penance.--_adv._ PENITEN'TIALLY.--_adj._ PENITEN'TIARY, relating to
penance: penitential.--_n._ a penitent: an office at the court of Rome for
examining and issuing secret bulls, dispensations, &c.: a book for guidance
in imposing penances: a place for the performance of penance: a house of
correction and punishment for offenders.--_adv._ PEN'ITENTLY.--PENITENTIAL
GARMENT, a rough garment worn for penance; PENITENTIAL PSALMS, certain
psalms suitable for being sung by penitents, as the 6th, 32d, 38th, 51st,
102d, 130th, 143d. [Fr.,--L. _poenitens_, _-entis_--_poenit[=e]re_, to
cause to repent.]
PENKNIFE, pen'n[=i]f, _n._ a small knife, originally for making and mending
quill pens.
PENMAN, pen'man, _n._ a man skilled in the use of the pen: an
author:--_pl._ PEN'MEN.--_n._ PEN'MANSHIP, the use of the pen: art or
manner of writing.
PENNA, pen'a, _n._ a feather, esp. one of the large feathers of the wings
or tail.--_adj._ PENN[=A]'CEOUS. [L.]
PENNAL, pen'al, _n._ a freshman at a German university--so called from
their pennales or pen-cases.--_n._ PENN'ALISM, a system of fagging once in
vogue at German universities.
PEN-NAME, pen'-n[=a]m, _n._ a name, other than his real one, by which an
author is known to the public: a nom de plume.
PENNANT, pen'ant, _n._ a flag many times as long as it is wide: a streamer:
a long narrow piece of bunting at the mast-heads of war-ships.--Also
PENN'ON. [_Pennant_ is formed from _pennon_, with excrescent _t_; _pennon_
is Fr. _pennon_--L. _penna_, a wing.]
PENNATE, -D, pen'[=a]t, -ed, _adj._ winged: (_bot._) same as
PINNATE.--_adj._ PENNATIF'ID (see PINNATIFID).--_n._ PENNE (_Spens._), a
feather.--_adj._ PENNED, having wings: winged: written with a pen.--_n._
PEN'NER, a case for holding pens: (_her._) a representation of such carried
at the girdle.--_adjs._ PENNIF'EROUS, PENNIG'EROUS, feathered; PEN'NIFORM,
like a feather in form. [L. _pennatus_--_penna_, wing.]
PENNILL, pen'il, _n._ a kind of Welsh verse, in which the singer has to
change words and measure according to the variations of his accompanist on
the harp. [W. 'a verse,' pl. _pennillion_.]
PENNON, pen'on, _n._ a flag, a medieval knight-bachelor's ensign: a long
narrow flag: a pinion or wing.--_ns._ PENN'ONCELLE, a small flag like a
pennon; PENN'ONCIER, a knight-bachelor.--_adj._ PENN'ONED, bearing a
pennon. [Cf. _Pennant._]
PENNY, pen'i, _n._ a copper coin (bronze since 1860), originally
silver=1/12 of a shilling, or four farthings: a small sum: money in
general: (_N.T._) a silver coin=7½d.: pound, in _fourpenny_, _sixpenny_,
_tenpenny nails_=four, six, ten _pound_ weight to the thousand:--_pl._
PENNIES (pen'iz), denoting the number of coins; PENCE (pens), the amount of
pennies in value.--_adjs._ PENN'IED, possessed of a penny; PENN'ILESS,
without a penny: without money: poor.--_ns._ PENN'ILESSNESS;
PENN'Y-A-LIN'ER, one who writes for a public journal at so much a line: a
writer for pay; PENN'Y-A-LIN'ERISM, hack-writing; PENN'Y-DOG, the tope or
miller's dog, a kind of shark; PENN'Y-POST, a means of carrying a letter
for a penny; PENN'Y-RENT, income; PENN'YWEIGHT, twenty-four grains of troy
weight (the weight of a silver penny); PENN'Y-WIS'DOM, prudence in petty
matters.--_adj._ PENN'Y-WISE, saving small sums at the risk of larger:
niggardly on improper occasions.--_ns._ PENN'Y-WORTH, a penny's worth of
anything: the amount that can be given for a penny: a good bargain--also
PENN''ORTH (_coll._); P[=E]'TER'S-PENCE, the name given to an old tribute
offered to the Roman Pontiff, now a voluntary contribution.--PENNY FEE
(_Scot._), a small wage; PENNY GAFF (_slang_), a low-class theatre; PENNY
MAIL (_Scot._), rent in money, not in kind: a small sum paid to the
superior of land; PENNY WEDDING, a wedding ceremonial in Scotland, at which
the invited guests made contributions in money to pay the general
expenses.--A PRETTY PENNY, a considerable sum of money; TURN AN HONEST
PENNY, to earn money honestly. [A.S. _penig_, oldest form _pending_, where
_pend_=Eng. _pawn_, Ger. _pfand_, Dut. _pand_, a pledge, all which are from
L. _pannus_, a rag, a piece of cloth.]
PENNYROYAL, pen'i-roi-al, _n._ a species of mint, much in use in domestic
medicine, in the form of a warm infusion, to promote perspiration and as an
emmenagogue. [Corr. from old form _pulial_, which is traced through O. Fr.
to L. _puleium regium_, the plant pennyroyal--_pulex_, a flea.]
PENOLOGY, PÆNOLOGY, p[=e]-nol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the study of punishment in its
relation to crime: the management of prisons.--_n._ PENOL'OGIST. [Gr.
_poin[=e]_, punishment, _logia_, description.]
PENSÉE, pang-s[=a]', _n._ a thought. [Fr.]
PENSEROSO, pen-se-r[=o]'so, _adj._ melancholy: thoughtful:--_fem.
Penser[=o]'sa._ [It.]
PENSILE, pen's[=i]l, _adj._ hanging: suspended.--_ns._ PEN'SILENESS,
PENSIL'ITY. [Fr.,--L.,--_pend[=e]re_, hang.]
PENSION, pen'shun, _n._ a stated allowance to a person for past services
performed by himself or by some relative: a payment made to a person
retired from service on account of age or weakness: a boarding-school or
boarding-house on the Continent (pron. pong-siong'): a sum paid to a
clergyman in place of tithes.--_v.t._ to grant a pension to.--_adjs._
PEN'SIONABLE, entitled, or entitling, to a pension; PEN'SIONARY, receiving
a pension: consisting of a pension.--_n._ one who receives a pension: the
syndic or legal adviser of a Dutch town.--_ns._ PEN'SIONER, one who
receives a pension: a dependent: one who pays out of his own income for his
commons, chambers, &c. at Cambridge University=an Oxford _commoner_;
PEN'SIONNAIRE.--GRAND PENSIONARY, the president of the States-general of
Holland. [Fr.,--L. _pension-em_--_pend[)e]re_, _pensum_, to weigh, pay.]
PENSIVE, pen'siv, _adj._ thoughtful: reflecting: expressing thoughtfulness
with sadness.--_adj._ PEN'SIVED (_Shak._), thought over.--_adv._
PEN'SIVELY.--_n._ PEN'SIVENESS, state of being pensive: gloomy
thoughtfulness: melancholy. [Fr. _pensif_--L. _pens[=a]re_, to
weigh--_pend[)e]re_, to weigh.]
PENSTOCK, pen'stok, _n._ a trough conveying water to a water-wheel.
PENSUM, pen'sum, _n._ an extra task given a scholar in punishment.
PENT, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of pen, to shut up.
PENTACAPSULAR, pen-ta-kap's[=u]-lar, _adj._ having five capsules.
PENTACHORD, pen'ta-kord, _n._ a musical instrument with five strings: a
diatonic series of five tones.
PENTACLE, pent'a-kl, _n._ a figure formed by two equilateral triangles
intersecting regularly so as to form a six-pointed star: properly a
five-pointed object, the same as PENTAGRAM (q.v.), a defence against
demons.--_adj._ PENTAC'ULAR. [O. Fr., but prob. not from Gr. _pente_, five,
but O. Fr. _pente_, _pendre_, to hang. As applied to a magical figure prob.
a corr. of _pentangle_, perh. _pentacol_--_pendre_, to hang, a, on, _col_,
the neck.]
PENTACOCCOUS, pen-ta-kok'us, _adj._ (_bot._) having five grains or seeds.
PENTACROSTIC, pen-ta-kros'tik, _adj._ containing five acrostics of the same
name.--_n._ a set of such verses.
PENTACT, pen'takt, _adj._ five-rayed.--Also PENTAC'TINAL.
PENTAD, pen'tad, _n._ the number five, a group of five things: a mean of
temperature, &c., taken every five days.
PENTADACTYLOUS, pen-ta-dak'ti-lus, _adj._ having five digits--also
PENTADAC'TYL.--_n._ PENTADAC'TYLISM.
PENTADELPHOUS, pen-ta-del'fus, _adj._ (_bot._) grouped together in five
sets.
PENTAGLOT, pen'ta-glot, _adj._ of five tongues.--_n._ a work in five
languages.
[Illustration]
PENTAGON, pen'ta-gon, _n._ (_geom._) a plane figure having five angles and
five sides: a fort with five bastions.--_adj._ PENTAG'ONAL.--_adv._
PENTAG'ONALLY. [Gr. _pentag[=o]non_--_pente_, five, _g[=o]nia_, angle.]
[Illustration]
PENTAGRAM, pen'ta-gram, _n._ a five-pointed star: a magic figure so
called.--This is the proper _pentacle_.--_adj._ PENTAGRAMMAT'IC. [Gr.
_pente_, five, _gramma_, a letter.]
PENTAGRAPH=_Pantograph_.
PENTAGYNIA, pent-a-jin'i-a, _n._ (_bot._) a Linnæan order of plants,
characterised by their flowers having five pistils.--_n._ PENT'AGYN
(_bot._), a plant having five styles.--_adjs._ PENTAGYN'IAN, PENTAG'YNOUS.
[Gr. _pente_, five, _gyn[=e]_, a female.]
PENTAHEDRON, pen-ta-h[=e]'dron, _n._ (_geom._) a solid figure bounded by
five plane faces.--_adj._ PENTAH[=E]'DRAL. [Gr. _pente_, five, _hedra_,
base.]
PENTALPHA, pen-tal'fa, _n._ a five-pointed star: a pentacle. [Gr. _pente_,
five, _alpha_.]
PENTAMERON, pen-tam'e-ron, _n._ a famous collection of fifty folk-tales
(Naples 1637) written in the Neapolitan dialect by Giambattista Basile,
supposed to be told during five days by ten old women, for the
entertainment of a Moorish slave who has usurped the place of the rightful
princess. [It. _pentamerone_.]
PENTAMEROUS, pen-tam'[.e]r-us, _adj._ (_bot._) consisting of or divided
into five parts.--PENTAMERUS BEDS (_geol._), a name applied to the upper
and lower Llandovery rocks, full of the brachiopods called _Pentamerus_.
[Gr. _pente_, five, _meros_, part.]
PENTAMETER, pen-tam'e-t[.e]r, _n._ a verse of five measures or
feet.--_adj._ having five feet.--ELEGIAC PENTAMETER, a verse of six
dactylic feet, the third and sixth with the first member only; IAMBIC
PENTAMETER, in English, heroic couplets and blank verse. [Gr.
_pentametros_--_pente_, five, _metron_, a measure.]
PENTANDRIA, pen-tan'dri-a, _n._ (_bot._) a Linnæan order of plants,
characterised by their flowers having five stamens.--_n._ PENTAN'DER, a
plant of the class Pentandria.--_adjs._ PENTAN'DRIAN, PENTAN'DROUS. [Gr.
_pente_, five, _an[=e]r_, _andros_, a man, a male.]
PENTANGULAR, pen-tang'g[=u]-lar, _adj._ having five angles.
PENTAPETALOUS, pen-ta-pet'a-lus, _adj._ having five petals.
PENTAPHYLLOUS, pen-ta-fil'us, _adj._ having five leaves. [Gr. _pente_,
five, _phyllon_, a leaf.]
PENTAPODY, pen-tap'o-di, _n._ a measure of five feet.
PENTAPOLIS, pen-tap'o-lis, _n._ a group of five cities.--_adj._
PENTAPOL'ITAN, esp. of the ancient _Pentapolis_ of Cyrenaica in northern
Africa. [Gr. _pente_, five, _polis_, a city.]
PENTARCHY, pen'tär-ki, _n._ government by five persons. [Gr. _pente_, five,
_arch[=e]_, rule.]
PENTASEPALOUS, pen-ta-sep'a-lus, _adj._ having five sepals.
PENTASPERMOUS, pent-a-sp[.e]r'mus, _adj._ (_bot._) containing five seeds.
[Gr. _pente_, five, _sperma_, seed.]
PENTASTICH, pen'ta-stik, _n._ a composition of five verses.--_adj._
PENTAS'TICHOUS, five-ranked.
PENTASTYLE, pen'ta-st[=i]l, _adj._ having five columns in front.--_n._
(_archit._) a building with a portico of five columns. [Gr. _pente_, five,
_stylos_, a pillar.]
PENTASYLLABIC, pen-ta-si-lab'ik, _adj._ having five syllables.
PENTATEUCH, pen'ta-t[=u]k, _n._ a name used to denote the Jewish Thorah,
the first five books of the Old Testament.--_adj._ PEN'TATEUCHAL. [Gr.
_pente_, five, _teuchos_, a book--_teuchein_, to prepare.]
PENTATHLON, pen-tath'lon, _n._ a contest consisting of five
exercises--wrestling, throwing the discus, spear-throwing, leaping, and
running--also PENTATH'LUM.--_n._ PENTATH'L[=E]TE, one who contests in the
pentathlon. [Gr. _pente_, five, _athlon_, a contest.]
PENTATONIC, pen-ta-ton'ik, _adj._ consisting of five tones.
PENTECONTER, pen't[=e]-kon-t[.e]r, _n._ an ancient Greek ship having fifty
oars.
PENTECOST, pen't[=e]-kost, _n._ a Jewish festival held on the fiftieth day
after the Passover, in commemoration of the giving of the law: the festival
of Whitsuntide, held in remembrance of the descent of the Holy Ghost upon
the assembled disciples at the feast of Pentecost.--_adj._
PENTECOST'AL.--_n.pl._ offerings formerly made to the parish priest at
Whitsuntide. [Gr. _pent[=e]kost[=e]_ (_h[=e]mera_), the fiftieth (day).]
PENTEGRAPH=_Pantograph_.
PENTELIC, -AN, pen-tel'ik, -an, _adj._ describing a kind of marble found at
Mount _Pentelicus_ near Athens.
PENTETERIC, pen-te-ter'ik, _adj._ occurring every five years. [Gr.,
_pente_, five, _etos_, a year.]
PENTHEMIMERAL, pen-th[=e]-mim'e-ral, _adj._ belonging to a metrical group
of 2½ feet. [Gr. _pente_, five, _h[=e]mi_, half, _meros_, a part.]
PENTHOUSE, pent'hows, _n._ a shed projecting from or adjoining a main
building: a protection from the weather over a door or a window: anything
resembling a penthouse.--_v.t._ to provide with a penthouse, shelter by
means of a shed sloping from a wall, or anything similar. [A corr. of
_pentice_, which is from Fr. _appentis_--L. _appendicium_, an appendage.]
PENTICE, pen'tis, _n._ See PENTHOUSE.
PENTILE=_Pantile_.
PENTROOF, pent'r[=oo]f, _n._ a roof with a slope on one side only. [A
hybrid word, from Fr. _pente_, a slope--_pendre_, to hang, and Eng.
_roof_.]
PENTSTEMON, pent-st[=e]'mon, _n._ a genus of perennial herbs of the order
_Scrophularineæ_, common in California. [Gr. _pente_, five, _st[=e]m[=o]n_,
warp, stamen.]
PENTZIA, pent'si-a, _n._ a genus of South African shrubs, having yellow
flowers in small heads, usually in corymbs.--The chief species is _Pentzia
virgata_ or the 'sheep-fodder bush.' [Named after C. J. _Pentz_, a student
under Thunberg.]
PENULT, p[=e]-nult', or p[=e]'nult, PENULT'IMA, _n._ the syllable last but
one.--_adj._ PENULT'IM[=A]TE, last but one.--_n._ the penult: the last
member but one of any series. [L. _penultima_--_pæne_, almost, _ultimus_,
last.]
PENUMBRA, p[=e]-num'bra, _n._ a partial or lighter shadow round the perfect
or darker shadow of an eclipse: the part of a picture where the light and
shade blend into each other.--_adjs._ PENUM'BRAL, PENUM'BROUS. [L. _pæne_,
almost, _umbra_, shade.]
PENURY, pen'[=u]-ri, _n._ want: absence of means or resources: great
poverty.--_adj._ PEN[=U]'RIOUS, showing penury: not bountiful: too saving:
sordid: miserly.--_adv._ PEN[=U]'RIOUSLY.--_n._ PEN[=U]'RIOUSNESS.
[Fr.,--L. _penuria_; Gr. _peina_, hunger, _pen[=e]s_, poor.]
PEON, p[=e]'on, _n._ a day-labourer, esp. in South America, one working off
a debt by bondage: in India, a foot-soldier, a messenger, a native
policeman.--_ns._ P[=E]'ONAGE, P[=E]'ONISM, this kind of agricultural
servitude. [Sp.,--Low L. _pedo_--L. _pes_, _pedis_, a foot.]
PEONY, p[=e]'o-ni, _n._ a genus of plants of the natural order
_Ranunculaceæ_, with large showy flowers, carmine, in some white. [O. Fr.
_pione_ (Fr. _pivoine_)--L. _pæonia_, healing--Gr. _Pai[=o]n_.]
PEOPLE, p[=e]'pl, _n._ persons generally: the men, women, and children of a
country or a nation: the mass of persons as distinguished from the rulers,
&c.: an indefinite number: inhabitants: the vulgar: the populace:--_pl._
PEOPLES (p[=e]'plz), races, tribes.--_v.t._ to stock with people or
inhabitants.--PEOPLE'S PALACE, an institution for the amusement,
recreation, and association of the working-classes, as that in the East End
of London, inaugurated in 1887.--CHOSEN PEOPLE, the Israelites; GOOD
PEOPLE, or FOLK, a popular euphemistic name for the fairies; PECULIAR
PEOPLE (see PECULIAR); THE PEOPLE, the populace, the mass. [Fr.
_peuple_--L. _populus_, prob. reduplicated from root of _plebs_, people.]
PEOTOMY, p[=e]-ot'[=o]-mi, _n._ the amputation of the penis. [Gr. _peos_,
the penis, _temnein_, to cut.]
PEPERIN, pep'e-rin, _n._ a volcanic tufa found in the Alban Hills near
Rome. [It. _peperino_--_pepe_, pepper--L. _piper_, pepper.]
PEPITA, pe-p[=e]'ta, _n._ a nugget of gold. [Sp.]
PEPLUM, pep'lum, _n._ an upper robe worn by women in ancient Greece.--Also
PEP'LUS. [L.,--Gr. _peplos_.]
PEPO, p[=e]'p[=o], _n._ a fruit like that of the gourd. [Gr.]
PEPPER, pep'[.e]r, _n._ a pungent aromatic condiment consisting of the
dried berries of the pepper-plant, entire or powdered: any plant of genus
_Piper_: a plant of genus _Capsicum_, or one of its pods, whence _Cayenne
pepper_.--_v.t._ to sprinkle with pepper: to hit or pelt with shot, &c.: to
pelt thoroughly: to do for.--_adj._ PEPP'ER-AND-SALT', of a colour composed
of a light ground dotted with fine spots of a dark colour, or of a dark
ground with light spots.--_ns._ PEPP'ER-BOX, a box with a perforated top
for sprinkling pepper on food; PEPP'ER-CAKE, a kind of spiced cake or
gingerbread; PEPP'ER-CAST'ER, the vessel, on a cruet-stand, from which
pepper is sprinkled; PEPP'ERCORN, the berry of the pepper plant: something
of little value--PEPPERCORN RENT, a nominal rent; PEPP'ERER, one who sells
pepper, a grocer; PEPP'ER-GIN'GERBREAD, hot-spiced gingerbread;
PEPP'ER-GRASS, any plant of genus _Lepidium_; PEPP'ERINESS; PEPP'ERMINT, a
species of mint, aromatic and pungent like pepper: a liquor distilled from
the plant: a lozenge flavoured with peppermint--_Peppermint-drop_, a
confection so flavoured; PEPP'ER-POT, a West Indian dish, of cassareep,
together with flesh or dried fish and vegetables, esp. green okra and
chillies: tripe shredded and stewed, with balls of dough and plenty of
pepper; PEPP'ER-TREE, a shrub of the cashew family, native to South
America, &c.--also PEPPER SHRUB and _Chili pepper_; PEPP'ERWORT, the
dittander.--_adj._ PEPP'ERY, possessing the qualities of pepper: hot,
choleric.--ÆTHIOPIAN PEPPER, the produce of _Xylopia Æthiopica_; BENIN
PEPPER, of _Cubeba Clusii_; GUINEA PEPPER, or MALEGUETTA PEPPER, of
_Amomum_; JAMAICA PEPPER, or PIMENTO, of species of Eugenia (_Myrtaceæ_);
LONG PEPPER, the fruit of _Piper Longum_; WHITE PEPPER, the seed freed from
the skin and fleshy part of the fruit by soaking in water and rubbing the
dried fruit. [A.S. _pipor_--L. _piper_--Gr. _peperi_--Sans. _pippala_.]
PEPPER'S GHOST, pep'[.e]rs g[=o]st, _n._ a device for associating on the
same stage living persons and phantoms to act together--the phantom
produced by a large sheet of unsilvered glass on the stage, practically
invisible to the spectators, reflecting to them, along with a visible actor
or actors, the appearance of another actor on an understage, himself
invisible. [John H. _Pepper_ (b. 1821), the improver and exhibitor of Henry
Dircks' invention.]
PEPSIN, PEPSINE, pep'sin, _n._ one of the essential constituents of the
gastric juice: the active agent in fermenting food in the stomach--a
hydrolytic ferment.--_adj._ PEP'TIC, relating to or promoting digestion:
having a good digestion.--_ns._ PEPTIC'ITY, eupepsia; PEP'TICS, digestion
considered as a science: the digestive organs; PEP'TOGEN, a substance
producing peptone, any preparation that facilitates digestion.--_adjs._
PEPTOGEN'IC, PEPTOG'ENOUS, PEPTON'IC.--_ns._ PEP'T[=O]NE, one of a class of
albumenoids formed by the action of the chemical ferment pepsin and
hydrochloric acid, the latter first converting into a syntonin or acid
protein, the former converting this syntonin into peptone--they are soluble
in water, are not coagulated by boiling, and pass readily through an animal
membrane, being therefore easily absorbed; PEPTONIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._
PEP'TONISE, to convert into peptones.--_n._ PEP'TONOID, a substance like
peptone: one of certain food preparations. [Fr.,--Gr. _pepsis_,
digestion--_peptein_, to digest.]
PEPYSIAN, pep'is-i-an, _adj._ pertaining to Samuel _Pepys_ (1633-1703), his
inimitable diary, or the collection of prints, books, ballads, &c. he
bequeathed to Magdalene College, Cambridge.
PER, p[.e]r, _prep._ through, by means of, according to.--PER ANNUM, year
by year: for each year; PER CAPITA, by heads, implying equal rights to two
or more persons; PER CENT., per hundred; PER CONTRA, on the contrary: as a
set-off; PER DIEM, every day: day by day; PER MENSEM, monthly: by the
month; PER SALTUM, at a single leap: all at once; PER SE, by himself, &c.:
essentially.
PERACUTE, per-a-k[=u]t', _adj._ very sharp or violent.
PERADVENTURE, per-ad-vent'[=u]r, _adv._ by adventure: by chance:
perhaps.--_n._ uncertainty: question.
PERAMBULATE, per-am'b[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to walk through or over: to pass
through for the purpose of surveying: to survey the boundaries of.--_ns._
PERAMBUL[=A]'TION, act of perambulating: a survey or inspection by
travelling through: the district within which a person has the right of
inspection; PERAM'BUL[=A]TOR, one who perambulates: an instrument for
measuring distances on roads: a light carriage for a child.--_adj._
PERAM'BUL[=A]TORY. [L. _perambul[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_per_, through,
_ambul[=a]re_, to walk.]
PERCALE, per-käl', _n._ a closely woven French cambric.--_n._ PER'CALINE, a
glossy cotton cloth. [Fr.]
PERCASE, per-k[=a]s', _adv._ (_Bacon_) perchance, perhaps. [L. _per_,
through, by, _casus_, a chance.]
PERCEABLE, p[.e]rs'a-bl, _adj._ (_Spens._)=_Pierceable_.
PERCEANT, p[.e]rs'ant, _adj._ piercing, penetrating.--_v.t._ PERC'EN
(_Spens._), to pierce. [Fr. _perçant_, pr.p. of _percer_, to pierce.]
PERCEIVE, per-s[=e]v', _v.t._ to become aware of through the senses: to get
knowledge of by the mind: to see: to understand: to discern.--_adj._
PERCEIV'ABLE (same as PERCEPTIBLE).--_adv._ PERCEIV'ABLY (same as
PERCEPTIBLY).--_ns._ PERCEIV'ER; PERCEIV'ING (_Bacon_), perception. [O. Fr.
_percever_--L. _percip[)e]re_, _perceptum_--_per_, perfectly, _cap[)e]re_,
to take.]
PERCENTAGE, per-sen't[=a]j, _n._ rate per hundred: an allowance of so much
for every hundred.--_adj._ PERCEN'TILE. [Cf. _Cent._]
PERCEPT, p[.e]r'sept, _n._ that which is perceived by means of the
senses.--_n._ PERCEPTIBIL'ITY, quality of being perceptible.--_adj._
PERCEP'TIBLE, that can be perceived: that may be known by the senses:
discernible.--_adv._ PERCEP'TIBLY.--_n._ PERCEP'TION, act of perceiving:
discernment: (_phil._) the faculty of perceiving: the evidence of external
objects by our senses.--_adjs._ PERCEP'TIONAL; PERCEP'TIVE, having the
power of perceiving or discerning.--_ns._ PERCEP'TIVENESS, the faculty or
power of perceiving: readiness to perceive; PERCEPTIV'ITY, character or
quality of being perceptive: power of perceiving.--_adj._ PERCEP'T[=U]AL,
of the nature of perception.
PERCH, p[.e]rch, _n._ a genus of fresh-water fishes.--_adjs._
PERCH'-BACKED, shaped like a perch's back; PER'CIFORM, percoid; PER'CINE,
perciform; PER'COID, like the perch: pertaining to the perch family. [Fr.
_perche_--L. _perca_--Gr. _perk[=e]_, a perch, prob. conn. with _perknos_,
spotted.]