REGARD FOR THE DEAD
The belief in a future life, p. 515 _sq._--Notions as regards the
disembodied soul, p. 516.--The dead considered to have rights
very similar to those they had whilst alive, pp. 516-520.--The
soul must not be killed or injured, p. 516 _sq._--Its living
friends must positively contribute to its comfort and
subsistence, p. 517 _sq._--The right of ownership does not cease
with death, p. 518 _sq._--Robbery or violation committed at a
tomb severely condemned, _ibid._--Respect must be shown for the
honour and self-regarding pride of the dead, p. 519.--The dead
demand obedience, p. 519 _sq._--The sacredness attached to a
will, p. 519.--The rigidity of ancestral custom, p. 519
_sq._--Duties to the dead that arise from the fact of death
itself, pp. 520-524.--The funeral, the rites connected with it,
and the mourning customs, largely regarded as duties to the dead,
_ibid._--The duties to the dead influenced by the relationship
between the parties, p. 524 _sq._--By the age and sex of the
departed, pp. 525-527.--By class distinctions, p. 527.--By moral
distinctions, p. 527 _sq._--The causes from which the duties to
the dead have sprung, pp 528-549.--These duties partly based on
sympathetic resentment, p. 528.--The dead regarded as guardians
of their descendants, p. 529 _sq._--But the ancestral guardian
spirit does not bestow his favours for nothing, p. 530 _sq._--The
dead more commonly regarded as enemies than friends, pp. 531-534.
--Explanation of the belief in the irritable or malevolent
character of the dead, p. 534 _sq._--The fear of death and the
fear of the dead, pp. 535-538.--The conduct of the survivors
influenced by their beliefs regarding the character, activity,
and polluting influence of the dead, pp. 538-546.--The origin of
funeral and mourning customs, pp. 541-547.--Why practices
connected with death which originally sprang from
self-regarding motives have come to be enjoined as duties, p. 547
_sq._--Why the duties to the dead are rarely extended to
strangers, p. 548 _sq._--Explanation of the differences in the
treatment of the dead which depend upon age, sex, social
position, and moral distinctions, p. 549.--The duties to the
departed become less stringent as time goes on, p. 549 _sq._--The
duties to the dead affected by progress in intellectual culture,
pp. 550-552.--The funeral sacrifice continued as a mark of
respect or affection, p. 550.--Offerings made to the dead become
alms given to the poor, pp. 550-552.
{xvi} CHAPTER XLVI
CANNIBALISM
The prevalence of cannibalism, p. 553.--Various forms of it,
p. 554.--Cannibalism due to scarcity or lack of animal food,
p. 555.--To _gourmandise_ pp. 555-557.--To revenge, pp. 557-559.
--The practice of eating criminals, p. 558 _sq._--Cannibalism
a method of making a dangerous individual harmless after death,
p. 559 _sq._--Due to the idea that the cannibal, by eating the
supposed seat of a certain quality in a person, incorporates it
with his own system, pp. 560-562.--Cannibalism in connection with
human sacrifice, p. 562 _sq._--The eating of man-gods, p. 563
_sq._--Other instances in which a supernatural or medicinal effect
is ascribed to human flesh or blood, pp. 564-566.--Cannibalism as
a covenant rite, p. 566 _sq._--Special reasons given for the
practice of eating relatives or friends, pp. 567-569.--The
cannibalism of modern savages represented as the survival of an
ancient practice which was once universal in the human race,
p. 569 _sq._--Criticism of this theory pp. 570-580.--Savages who
feel the greatest dislike of cannibalism, p. 570 _sq._--Cannibals
often anxious to deny that they are addicted to this practice,
p. 572.--The rapid extinction of it among certain savages p. 572
_sq._--Even among peoples very notorious for cannibalism there
are individuals who abhor it, p. 573.--The aversion to cannibalism
may be due to sympathy for the dead, p. 574.--In the first instance
it is probably an instinctive feeling akin to those feelings which
regulate the diet of the various animal species, _ibid._--The eating
of human flesh regarded with superstitious dread, pp. 574-576.--The
feeling of reluctance may be overcome by other motives and may be
succeeded by a taste for human flesh, p. 577 _sq._--Early man
probably not addicted to cannibalism, pp. 578-580.--Cannibalism
much less prevalent among the lowest savages than among races
somewhat more advanced in culture, p. 578 _sq._--Among some
savages cannibalism known to be of modern origin or to have
spread in recent times, p. 579 _sq._--The moral valuation of
cannibalism, p. 580 _sq._