THE SUPREME IS BOTH BEING AND CAUSE.

Let us also remember that each of the beings which exist genuinely,

as we have said, and which have received their form of hypostatic

existence from the Good, likewise owe it to Him that they are

individual, as are the similarly situated sense-beings. By such

individual beings is here meant having in one's own being the cause

of his hypostatic existence. Consequently, He who then contemplates

things can give an account of each of their details, to give the

cause of the individuality of eyes or feet, to show that the cause of

the generation of each part is found in its relations with the other

parts, and that they have all been made for each other. Why are the

feet of a particular length? Because some other organ is "such"; for

instance, the face being such, the feet themselves must be such. In

one word, the universal harmony[190] is the cause on account of which

all things were made for each other.[191] Why is the individual such

a thing? Because of the Man-essence. Therefore the essence and the

cause coincide. They issued from the same source, from the Principle

which, without having need of reasoning, produced together the essence

and the cause. Thus the source of the essence and the cause produces

them both simultaneously. Such then are begotten things, such is their

principle, but in a much superior and truer manner; for in respect of

excellence, it possesses an immense superiority over them. Now since

it is not fortuitously, neither by chance, nor contingently, that

the things which bear their cause in themselves, are what they are;

since, on the other hand, (the Divinity) possesses all the entities of

which He is the principle, evidently, being the Father of reason, of

cause, and of causal being--all of them entities entirely free from

contingence--he is the Principle and type of all things that are not

contingent, the Principle which is really and in the highest degree

independent of chance, of fortune, and of contingency; He is the cause

of Himself, He is He by virtue of Himself; for He is Self in a primary

and transcendent manner.

Plotinos: Complete Works, v. 3 In Chronological Order, Grouped in Four Periods · 第 179 / 442 题