introduced A.
Mig. c. _gardens_, _cities_ 13
Back brown; head gray; broad patch side and back of neck black
spotted white; breast cinnamon; centre tail feathers blackish,
rest tipped white; f., sim. Seeds.
3
5
=13 Ground Dove= (Peaceful), Doo-doo, _Geopelia placida_, A.
(interior).
Stat. r. _grassy_ 8.7
Upper ashy-brown, barred black; chest, hind-neck gray with black
lines; abdomen fawn; side tail feathers tipped white; f., sim.
Small seeds. "Doo-doo."
=14* Diamond Dove= (Little, Turtle), _G. cuneata_, A. (interior).
Stat. r. _grass_ 8.2
Upper light-brown; crown gray; under light-gray; white spots
on wing; side tail tipped white; eye red; f., neck, chest pale
brown. Seeds.
1
6
=15 Little Green Pigeon=, _Chalcophaps chrysochlora_, Mol.,
N. Heb., N. Cal., Lord Howe Is., A. exc. S.A., W.A. Melancholy
bellowing note.
v.r. _dense scrubs_ 9.5
Rich brown; head, short tail darker; wings much green;
shoulder white; f., less brilliant. Fallen berries.
2
2
=16* Bronzewing Pigeon= (Scrub), _Phaps chalcoptera_, A., T.
Nom. c. _open_, _forest_ 13.5
Upper brown marked lighter; cap whitish; line below eye,
throat white; breast, back of head vinous; bronze wing; legs
red; f., head gray. Seeds, fruits.
[Page 18a]
[Illustration: [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22]]
=17 Brush Bronzewing Pigeon= (Little Bronze), _P. elegans_, A., T.
Nom. r. _sandy_ 13
Upper chestnut-brown; breast blue-gray; throat, crown chestnut;
bronze wings; f., crown gray. Seeds.
1
1
=18 Crested Pigeon= (Topknot (e), Crested Bronzewing),
_Ocyphaps lophotes_, A. Seeds.
Nom. r. _inland plains_ 13
Upper fawn; crown, under gray; crest black; black bars on wings;
tail tipped white; eyes orange; f., sim.
1
1
=19 Wonga-Wonga Pigeon=, _Leucosarcia melanoleuca_, E.A. Seeds,
fallen fruits.
Stat. r. _coast-_, (_hillside-_) _brushes_ 15
Back, breast slaty-gray; wings brown; crown, throat, abdomen white;
sides spotted black; f., sim.
F. 19. _Gouridae_, Crowned Pigeons, 8 sp. A. (N.G.).
F. 20. _Didunculidae_, Tooth-billed Pigeons, 1 sp. A. (Samoa).
F. 21. _Opisthocomidae_, Hoactzin, 1 sp. Nl.
====
The birds of Order V. are amongst the successes in the struggle
for existence, for they are found the world over.
The Landrailor Corn-Crake, the Little Crake, Spotted Crake, Moor-Hen,
Purple Gallinule, and the lobed-toed Coot, of other countries, are
represented by similar birds here.
They are largely swamp-dwellers, and conditions about swamps
apparently do not vary much from continent to continent. There is a
full supply of vegetable and animal food, and there is good shelter
in the thick reed-beds. The smaller members of the family are seldom
seen, for they skulk amongst the reeds, and seldom show themselves.
Many of these birds are long-toed, and are beautifully adapted for
life about the soft mud and floating vegetation of lagoons and swamps.
Though the feet are not webbed, several of these swamp-dwellers swim
well. Thus the Little Crake is an expert swimmer and diver.
There is one Australian bird not represented in other countries.
This is the handsome, bantam-like Black-tailed Native-Hen. At long
intervals the birds appear in thousands, and, being largely vegetable
feeders, they have sometimes done considerable damage to crops.
During one such irruption in 1846, the birds invaded the streets of
Adelaide. Others invaded the Geraldton district, and even reached
Perth in 1886. Northern Victoria was visited in 1909.
Some of the members of this group are known to all; indeed, when you
have finished reading this lecture, I expect to have created in your
mind an idea that bird study is very simple--that you know at least
one of each of the groups of birds. One further advantage of bird
study is that so few birds are found in any district. Thus, only 880
birds have ever been recorded from Australia, whereas there are over
9,000 kinds of native flowering plants, not to mention non-flowering
plants. In very few districts could a list of 100 different kinds of
birds be compiled in one year.
Again, while it is impossible to talk popularly of native plants,
because they have no common names, that does not apply to birds, for
bird-lovers have given a simple name to each bird. Even children,
therefore, can talk definitely and exactly about the different kinds.
This is a great advantage. Again, as birds are living, moving, loving,
and beautiful animals, they have always been favorite objects of
study, and so we know more about them than about any other division of
the animal kingdom. Thus you will, I hope, find that you know far more
about the subject than you at first thought.
====
[Page 18b]
ORDER V.--RALLIFORMES.
F. 22. RALLIDAE (16), RAILS, 204 sp.--68(60)A., 37(18)O., 18(0)P.,
37(24)E., 17(7)Nc., 72(65)Nl.
4
17
=20 Slate-breasted Rail= (Short-toed), Lewin Water-Rail,
_Eulabeornis (Hypotaenidia) brachypus_, A., T., Auckland Is.
=vt. Eur. Water-Rail.
[~20 _Rallus pectoralis._]
Stat. r. _rivers_, _lagoons_ 8.5
Upper blackish striped olive; wings, flanks, abdomen barred
black, white; throat, breast, slate-gray; f., duller.
=21* Pectoral Rail=, Landrail, _E. philippinensis_, Malay Arch.
to A., N.Z., Pac. Is. =vt. Eur. Corn-Crake (Landrail);
f., young sim. Insects, grass.
Mig. c. _grassy_ 10.5
Upper brown spotted white; under finely-barred black; white;
sandy-buff bar on chest; light stripe above eye.
4
17
=22* Australian Spotted Crake=, Water-Crake, _Porzana fluminea_, A.
=vt. Eur. Spotted Crake.
Stat. r. _rivers_ 7
Upper dark-brown, spotted white; abdomen, flanks blackish barred
white; breast gray; swims; f., sim. Insects.
[Illustration: [21] [22] [26] [27] [30] [67] [71] [72] [73]]
=21= Pectoral Rail
=22= Australian Spotted Crake
=26= Black Moor-Hen
=27= Bald Coot
=30= Hoary-headed Grebe
=67= Crested Tern
=71= White-faced Ternlet
=72= Silver Gull
=73= Pacific Gull
[Page 22]
[Illustration: [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28]]
=23 Australian Little Crake=, _P. palustris_, A. =vt. Eur.
Little Crake.
Stat. r. _river_, _reed-beds_ 6
Upper rusty-brown; throat, breast gray; crown blackish; flanks,
lower-abdomen barred black, white; swims, dives; f., sim.
Water-animals.
[Page 23]
=24 Spotless Crake= (Leaden, Tabuan), Swamp-Rail, Little Swamp-Hen,
Putoto, _P. plumbea_, Philippines to A., N. Heb., N. Cal., Fiji,
Samoa, Tonga, N.Z., Chatham Is.
Stat. c. _reed-beds_ 6.3
Upper reddish-brown; under dark slate-gray; throat whitish;
eyes pink; f., young sim. Water-animals.
2
2
=25 Black-tailed Native-Hen=, Gallinule (e), _Tribonyx ventralis_, A.
Mig. flocks, occ. r. _lagoons_, _rivers_ 15
Upper brown; under bluish-gray; white marks conspicuous on flanks;
upper-bill light-green; lower red at base; legs brick-red;
runs, seldom flies; f., sim. Water-animals, seeds.
1
8
=26* Black Moor-Hen= (-Gallinule), _Gallinula tenebrosa_, N.G., A.
=vt. cos. Gallinule.
Stat. c. _lagoons_, _rivers_ 15
Grayish-black; back deep-brown; under tail white at sides; scarlet
garter above knee; base bill, plate on forehead blood-red;
no white on flanks; jerks tail; f., smaller. Water-animals, plants.
2
16
=27* Bald-Coot=, Purple Gallinule, Black-backed Water (Swamp,
Macquarie) Hen, Pukeko, Redbill (e), _Porphyrio melanonotus_,
N.G., A., T., Norfolk Is., Lord Howe Is., N.Z. =vt. cos. bird.
Stat. c. _lagoons_, _rivers_ 17.5
Hind-neck, breast, flanks indigo-blue; back, wings, tail black;
under tail white; eyes orange-red; bill, legs red; jerks tail;
f., smaller. Insects, vegetable food.
1
13
=28 Australian Coot=, Dabchick (e), _Fulica australis_, A., T.,
=vt. cos. bird.
Stat. c. _lakes_, _bays_ 14
Sooty-black; bill bluish-gray; eyes red; lobed feet; f., sim.
Water-insects, snails.
F. 23. _Heliornithidae_. Finfoot, 5 sp.--1(1)O., 3(3)E.,
1(1)Nl.
====
In the next Order, the Sixth, there are three Australian birds.
They are called Grebes. Bird names often reflect some habit, e.g.,
Scratchers, Cooers. So Grebes are often called Divers. But the Divers
of the ornithologist are Northern Hemisphere birds, placed in the next
family (25).
There is a widespread tradition to the effect that Grebes wait for the
flash of the cap, and then dive before the bullet can reach them. They
are, indeed, remarkably active in the water, but are absurd on land.
Their legs are set so far back that it is almost impossible for them
to walk. Their toes are not webbed, but are broadly lobed.
The Great Crested Grebe is identical with the British bird, for it is
found all through the Eastern Hemisphere.
This is a remarkable distribution, when we consider that the bird,
by reason of its very small wings, is a poor flyer, and is almost
helpless on land. Such a wide distribution of a creature possessing
poor means of locomotion indicates that the animal must have existed
for a long time, so that it has been able to gradually extend its
range. Thus we conclude it is an ancient form.
====
[Page 24]
[Illustration: [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34]]
ORDER VI.--PODICIPEDIDIFORMES.
F. 24. PODICIPEDIDAE (3), GREBES, 25 sp.--5(2)A., 8(2)O., 6(0)P.,
5(1)E., 6(0)Nc., 11(7)Nl.
2
15
=29 Black-throated Grebe= (Little), Dabchick (e),
White-bellied Diver (e), _Podiceps novae-hollandiae_, Java,
N.G., A., N. Cal., =vt. Eur. Little Grebe.
Stat. c. _lagoons_ 9.5
Upper blackish-brown; white patch on wing; under silvery-gray;
throat, side-face black (summer), brown (winter); beautiful
fur-like plumage; lobed toes; f., sim. Small fish, snails, insects.
[Page 25a]
=30* Hoary-headed Grebe=, Dabchick (e), "Tom Pudding," P.
_poliocephalus_, A., T.
Stat. c. _lagoons_, _river_ 9.5
Upper brown; wings white patch; under silvery-gray; head short
white hair-like plumes (summer); head brown, throat buff (winter);
fur-like plumage; lobed toes; f., sim. Small fish, snails, insects.
1
3
=31 Great Crested Grebe= (Tippet), Loon, Gaunt, Carr Goose,
_P. cristatus_ (_Lophaethyia cristata_, Mathews' Handlist),
Eur., N. Asia, Japan, Africa, India to A., T., N.Z.
Stat. r. _lakes_, _rivers_ 24
Upper brown; under glistening-white; crown black; neck-frill
chestnut edged black (summer); face, neck whitish (winter);
fur-like plumage; lobed toes; f., sim. Small fish, snails, insects.
F. 25. _Colymbidae (Gaviidae)_, True Divers, Loons, 5 sp.--1(0)O.,
5(0)P., 2(0)E., 5(0)Nc.
====
In the next order come those remarkable birds, Penguins. As so much
has been said about Penguins by Lieutenant Shackleton's party, they
have caught the popular fancy, and people are much interested in them.
Many Australians do not know that three Penguins are found on their
own coast. It was one of the sights of the 1910 Summer School at
Portsea to sit on the balcony and watch the Penguins chasing their
prey in the clear waters in front. Their wings are paddles, being
flattened and devoid of quills. The wings are not folded, but are
carried hanging awkwardly at the side.
During the interest aroused by Peary's expedition to the North Pole,
an illustrated weekly paper published a cartoon, which showed the
American Eagle sitting on the North Pole and reading a proclamation to
an audience of Penguins. One thing is unfortunate about this--Penguins
are unknown in the Northern Hemisphere. Indeed, they support the
geographer in his contention that, while the Pacific Ocean is very
ancient, the Atlantic Ocean has been formed much more recently, for
Penguins are found up the Pacific even to the Galapagos Is. on the
Equator, but have not spread into the Atlantic Ocean beyond Tristan da
Cunha, at the extreme South.
====
[Page 25b]
ORDER VII.--SPHENISCIFORMES.
F. 26. SPHENISCIDAE (3), PENGUINS, 17 sp.--11(7)A., 6(1)E., 9(4)Nl.
1
5
=32 Crested Penguin= (Tufted, Jackass, Victoria), _Penguinus
(Catarrhactes) chrysocome_, Southern Ocean (circumpolar), V.,
T., N.Z.
Occ. r. _coasts_ 27
Wing a paddle; upper black; under silvery-white; crest yellow;
f., yellow crest feathers shorter. Sea-animals.
2
3
=33 Little Penguin= (Little Blue), _Eudyptula minor_, N.S.W., V.,
S.A., T., N.Z.
Stat. c. _coasts_ 18
Upper light-blue; under glistening-white; wing a paddle; f., sim.
Sea-animals, plants.
=34 Fairy Penguin=, _E. undina_, V., T., N.Z.
Stat. c. _coast_ 13.5
Like 33, but smaller.
====
Order VIII. includes the true ocean birds--those wanderers seen far
from any land by ocean travellers. Indeed, many of them do not go near
land except to breed. Then they usually repair to small lonely islands
often with bold precipitous shores.
Ocean birds are readily divisible into four families. The first
is made up of the 25 Storm-Petrels; the second of the 75 Petrels,
Shearwaters, Fulmars, and Dove-Petrels; the third family comprises
only the three small southern Diving-Petrels; while the fourth
contains the nineteen noble Albatrosses.
Though Storm-Petrels and Petrels of various kinds may be seen in the
Northern Hemisphere, yet the Southern Hemisphere, with its enormous
expanse of water, is the headquarters of these birds.
The dainty, tiny Storm-Petrels, fearlessly tripping over the mountain
billows in times of great danger to the sailor, were considered birds
of ill-omen. Their peculiar flight possibly helped this idea. Gould
closely studied them and other ocean birds during his voyages on
sailing ships. He describes them as "fluttering over the glassy
surface of the ocean during calms with an easy butterfly-like motion
of the wings, and buffeting and breasting with equal vigor the crests
of the loftiest waves of the storm; at one moment descending into
their deep troughs, and, at the next, rising with the utmost alertness
to their highest point, apparently from an impulse communicated as
much by striking the surface of the water with its webbed feet as by
the action of the wings."
This habit of "walking" on the sea is said to be responsible for the
name "Petrel," which is associated with Saint Peter, who, of old,
walked on the waters. Sailors call them Mother Carey's Chickens.
The largest Australian Storm-Petrel is the Whitefaced Storm-Petrel,
whose scientific name, _Pelagodroma_, means "open sea wanderer."
It has been recorded even from the North Atlantic and Britain. Many
thousands of these birds still nest on Mud Island, a sandbank just
inside Port Phillip Heads. The presence there of a true ocean wanderer
is a valuable piece of evidence to support the geographer in his claim
that Port Phillip Bay once had a wide opening, which has been almost
closed by the drift of sand across its mouth. The Storm-Petrels have
probably nested there for many, many centuries. Long may they continue
to do so! They hurt no one, and they are a feature of interest to all
interested in the flora and fauna of Australia, and to natural history
students and Nature-lovers in general.
The Shackleton expedition met the Wilson (Yellow-webbed) Storm-Petrel,
in considerable numbers, far south. Two specimens were presented by
Lieutenant Shackleton to the National Museum, Melbourne. However,
recently our Museum received, through the agency of two schoolboys,
a specimen that is valued even more highly, for it is Australian.
The boys, on their way to the Marshaltown State School (Mr. H. B.
Williamson, H.T.), found a bird near a fence about nine miles inland.
It had evidently been killed by flying into the fence in the dark.
Using the _Bird-List_, the boys discovered that it was a Yellow-webbed
Storm-Petrel, a truly pelagic bird, as its name, _Oceanites oceanicus_
indicates. Mr. Williamson, to show that the _List_ was of assistance,
even to boys, in identifying birds they had never heard of before,
left the bird at the Continuation School, Geelong. Here it was
recognized as a valuable specimen, and was at once sent to Mr.
Kershaw, curator of the National Museum. It is now in the Australian
collection.
The true Petrels are very numerous in kinds and individuals. Darwin
thought that the most numerous of birds was a Petrel. One of great
interest is the "Mutton-Bird," or Short-tailed Petrel. This romantic
bird breeds by the million on Cape Woolamai and other places about
Bass Strait.
Just as the mallee farmer is dependent on his annual wheat harvest,
so the remarkable colony of people living on Cape Barren Island is
entirely dependent on the annual Mutton-Bird harvest. They claim
to take about a million and a half birds each year. The number is
probably much exaggerated, for Littler, in his valuable _Birds of
Tasmania_, gives the number as 555,000 for 1909, valued at about
L4000. Bass and Flinders were glad to replenish their stores with
young Mutton-Birds. Flinders calculated that one flock of these birds
he met in Bass Strait contained 132,000,000 birds. They lay but one
egg, so one would expect the Petrel to be long-lived. We found a
closely-similar bird nesting on Mast Head Island, Capricorn Group.
The three southern Diving Petrels, forming the next family, are much
smaller than the common Petrels. They are expert divers, and are
found mainly in the far South.
The mighty Albatross, with its enormous wing-span of possibly up to
14 feet, is also largely a southern bird. That this bird has spread to
the North Pacific Ocean, but has not yet penetrated any distance into
the Atlantic, is another piece of evidence as to the age of these two
oceans. The Pacific Ocean is a very ancient depression, while the
Atlantic is much younger, and has been formed since the lands which
border its shores. The Black-browed Albatross, however, was once seen
in England. Probably this bird might have been carried north on board
ship, and then set free again. Fossil bones of Albatrosses have been
found in France and England. Their remarkable power of wheeling round
and round a vessel, with no perceptible movement of the wing, has
excited much interest and controversy.
Mr. Froude, in his _Oceana_, has given a vivid description of this
flight. The Albatross "wheels in circles round and round and for ever
round the ship--now far behind, now sweeping past in a long, rapid
curve, like a perfect skater on an untouched field of ice. There is no
effort; watch as closely as you will, you rarely or never see a stroke
of the mighty pinion. The flight is generally near the water, often
close to it. You lose sight of the bird as he disappears in the hollow
between the waves, and catch him again as he rises over the crest; but
how he rises, and whence comes the propelling force, are to the
eye inexplicable; he alters merely the angle at which the wings are
inclined...."
Gould considered that many of these birds circumnavigate the globe
many times. They follow ships for days together.
Albatrosses are sometimes caught by those on board ship. One means
of protection employed by these birds is to discharge a considerable
quantity of oily matter at an intruder. This has led sailors to
declare that the bird is "seasick." Some claim that this is not done
for protection, but is due to fright.
The members of the Australasian Ornithologists' Union, when on a trip
in the _Manawatu_ to the Bass Strait Islands found it tantalizing
to see the beautiful Shy Albatrosses sitting on their nests on the
precipitous granite Albatross Rock, and be unable to land owing to the
rough sea that was running. We waited a second and a third day, in the
shelter of Chimney Corner, Three Hummocks Island, but finally had to
depart with but a distant acquaintance with this fine bird. When they
return to nest the succeeding year, the parents drive last year's
brood off the island. Does the young live on its fat all through the
cold, rough winter, or do the parents return at intervals to feed it?
Some recent records by a French party on one of these lonely nesting
islands show that in some cases, at least, the parents do feed the
young at night during their long wait. The sitting bird is fed by
her mate. He opens his mouth, and she inserts her bill, and chooses a
dainty for herself.
_A Monograph of the Petrels_, by F. Du Cane Godman, F.R.S., Pres.
British Ornithologists' Union, was consulted for Order VIII.
====
[Page 26]
[Illustration: [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40]]
ORDER VIII.--PROCELLARIIFORMES, TUBINARES, TUBE-NOSED SWIMMERS.
F. 27. PROCELLARIIDAE (5), STORM-PETRELS, MOTHER CAREY'S CHICKENS,
25 sp--10(3)A., 2(0)O., 10(0)P., 7(0)E., 13(4)Nc., 13(3)Nl.
2
3
=35 Wilson Storm-Petrel= (Yellow-webbed, Flat-clawed),
_Oceanites oceanica_, S. Polar regions N. to British Is.
(acc), Labrador (acc.), India, A., N.Z.
c. _ocean_ 6.8
Blackish; base tail above below white; legs black; webs yellow;
f., sim. Shellfish, small fish, greasy.
[Page 27]
=36 Gray-backed Storm-Petrel=, _O. (Garrodia) nereis_, S. Oceans,
A., T., N.Z.
r. _ocean_ 6.7
Sooty; abdomen, under base tail whitish; bill, feet black; f., sim.
Oily substances, shellfish.
1
1
=37 White-breasted Storm-Petrel= (White-faced), Frigate Petrel,
Mother Carey's Chicken, _Pelagodroma marina_, S. Oceans, N. to
Canary Is., U.S. (acc.)
c. Mud. Is. _ocean_ 8
Upper brownish-gray; crown, line under eye, edge of wing, tail
black; under, face, throat, line above eye white; bill, feet black;
webs yellow; f., sim. Shellfish, oily matters.
2
4
=38 Black-bellied Storm-Petrel=, _Cymodroma (Fregetta) melanogaster_,
S. Oceans, to N. Atl., A., T.
r. _ocean_ 7.5
Sooty-black; under base tail, flanks white; bill, feet black; f.,
sim. Sea-animals, oily.
=39 White-bellied Storm-Petrel=, _C. grallaria_, S. Oceans to B. of
Bengal, Atl. to Cancer, Florida (acc).
r. _ocean_ 7.2
Upper, neck, chest black; under, rump white; bill, feet black;
f., sim. Sea-animals, oily.
F. 28. PUFFINIDAE (29), PETRELS, Shearwaters, Fulmars, Prions,
75 sp.--47(16)A., 7(0)O., 24(0)P., 30(2)E., 22(4)Nc., 37(7)Nl.
7
25
=40 Wedge-tailed Petrel= (Shearwater), _Puffinus sphenurus_,
A. seas.
v.r. _ocean_ 17.5
Sooty-brown; wing blackish; tail black; throat ashy-gray; under
dull ashy-brown; bill lead color; legs, feet livid flesh color,
dusky on inner side of leg and toe. Like 42, but tail longer;
f., sim. Food as for 41.
[Page 28]
[Illustration: [41] [42] [43] [44] [45]]
=41 Allied Petrel=, Gould Shearwater (Little Dusky), _P. assimilis_,
A. and N.Z. Seas, Atl. O. to Madiera Is., Nova Scotia (acc.).
Flocks v.r. _ocean_ 11
Upper, crown, wings, tail sooty-black; side face, under white;
side-chest dusky; bill dark horn-colour; legs greenish-yellow;
f., sim. Shrimps, shellfish, seaweed.
=42 Short-tailed Petrel= (Sooty, Bonaparte), Slender-billed
Shearwater (U.S.), Seal-Bird, Mutton-Bird (V.), _P. brevicaudus
(tenuirostris)_, A., Bass St., T., N.Z. Migrates to Alaska, Japan.
Flocks, c. _ocean_ 14
Sooty-brown; under paler; bill blackish-brown; legs, feet
light-grey, black down outer side. Food as 41.
3
3
=43 Brown Petrel= (Great-Gray), Black-tailed Shearwater (U.S.),
Night Hawk (e), Bully, Kuia, _Procellaria (Priofinus) cinereus_,
S.O., California (once).
r. _ocean_ 19.5
Crown, upper dark brownish-gray; under white; under base tail
ashy-brown; tail black; feet grayish-flesh color; outer toe
brownish-black; dives; f., sim.
1
1
=44 Silver-gray Petrel= (Fulmar), Slender-billed Fulmar (U.S.),
_Priocella glacialoides_, Bass St., A., T., N.Z., S. Oceans,
Pacific to Japan, Alaska.
c. _ocean_ 18
Pearly-gray; tip-wing black; face, under silky-white; f., sim.
Dead animals, oil, cuttlefish.
3
3
=45 Black Petrel= (Fulmar), Taonui, _Procellaria (Majaqueus)
parkinsoni_, A. and N.Z. Seas.
r. _ocean_ 18
Sooty black; f., sim. Food see 41.
9
32
=46 Great-winged Petrel= (Long-winged, Gray-faced), _AEstrelata
macroptera_, A., N.Z., S. Oceans.
v.r. _ocean_ 15
Dark brown; about bill, throat gray; wing-quills, tail black;
bill, feet black; f., sim. Food see 41.
[Page 29]
[Illustration: [46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51]]
=47 Brown-headed Petrel=, Solander Fulmar, _AE. solandri_, 1 specimen
only, Gould, Bass St.
u. _ocean_ 16
Head, wings, tail dark-brown; back slaty-gray, marked dark-brown;
bill, legs black.
=48 White-winged Petrel=, _AE. leucoptera_, A., N.Z. to C. Horn,
Fiji.
r. _ocean_ 13